U.S. patent application number 14/950314 was filed with the patent office on 2017-05-25 for water chiller apparatus.
The applicant listed for this patent is General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Noel Aguilar, Alan George Constance, Timothy David Gantt, Michelle Diana Gross, Jonathan D. Nelson, Christopher Bryan Rissler, Timothy Scott Shaffer, Craig lung-Pei Tsai.
Application Number | 20170146268 14/950314 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58720774 |
Filed Date | 2017-05-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170146268 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shaffer; Timothy Scott ; et
al. |
May 25, 2017 |
Water Chiller Apparatus
Abstract
The present subject matter provides chiller apparatus including
a storage tank for storing the liquid and a refrigerant cooling
system. The refrigerant cooling system includes a compressor
attached to the storage tank, a condenser positioned downstream
from the compressor to condense a refrigerant received therefrom,
and at least one evaporator positioned downstream of the condenser
and wrapped about the outer surface of the storage tank. The
evaporator includes a negative pitch coil configured to direct
refrigerant flow from a position near a top of the storage tank to
a position near a bottom of the storage tank.
Inventors: |
Shaffer; Timothy Scott; (La
Grange, KY) ; Aguilar; Noel; (Campbell, CA) ;
Tsai; Craig lung-Pei; (Louisville, KY) ; Constance;
Alan George; (Jeffersonville, IN) ; Rissler;
Christopher Bryan; (La Grange, KY) ; Gross; Michelle
Diana; (Louisville, KY) ; Gantt; Timothy David;
(Goshen, KY) ; Nelson; Jonathan D.; (Louisville,
KY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
General Electric Company |
Schenectady |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
58720774 |
Appl. No.: |
14/950314 |
Filed: |
November 24, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 25/005 20130101;
F25B 2400/071 20130101; F25B 1/005 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25B 13/00 20060101
F25B013/00 |
Claims
1. A chiller apparatus for cooling a liquid, comprising: a storage
tank for storing the liquid, the storage tank having a top and a
bottom, the storage tank having an outer surface; and a refrigerant
cooling system, comprising a compressor attached to the storage
tank, a condenser positioned downstream from the compressor to
condense a refrigerant received therefrom, and at least one
evaporator positioned downstream of the condenser and wrapped about
the outer surface of the storage tank, the evaporator including a
negative pitch coil configured to direct refrigerant flow from a
position near the top of the storage tank to a position near the
bottom of the storage tank.
2. The chiller apparatus of claim 1, further comprising further
comprising a thermal paste affixing the negative pitch coil to the
storage tank and enhancing heat transfer.
3. The chiller apparatus of claim 1, wherein the storage tank
includes an interior surface and a plurality of projections
extending in a radial direction from the interior surface of said
tank to provide additional surface area for heat transfer with the
liquid contained in the storage tank.
4. The chiller apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of
the storage tank defines at least one circumferential groove,
wherein the negative pitch coil is at least partially disposed in
the circumferential groove.
5. The chiller apparatus of claim 4, wherein the negative pitch
coil includes a circular profile defining an outer coil
diameter.
6. The chiller apparatus of claim 5, wherein the groove includes a
radial depth that is less than the outer coil diameter, and wherein
the negative pitch coil extends above outer surface of the storage
tank.
7. The chiller apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an outer
jacket surrounding the outer surface of the storage tank and
enclosing the negative pitch coil, the outer jacket defining an
annular cavity between the outer surface of the storage tank and
the outer jacket.
8. The chiller apparatus of claim 7, further comprising an
insulation material disposed within the annular cavity.
9. The chiller apparatus of claim 1, wherein the negative pitch
coil is wrapped around the storage tank in a helical pattern having
a negative pitch angle relative to the top of the storage tank.
10. A chiller apparatus, comprising: a storage tank defining an
interior volume for the receipt of liquid to be chilled, the
storage tank including a sidewall having an inner surface defining
the interior volume and configured for contact with the liquid, the
storage tank having an outer surface not contacting the liquid, the
storage tank having a bottom portion and a top portion; a support
plate disposed over the storage tank; and a sealed cooling system
for circulating a refrigerant and comprising a compressor mounted
to the support plate for compressing the refrigerant, a condenser
positioned downstream from the compressor on the support plate to
condense the refrigerant received from the compressor, and at least
one evaporator positioned downstream of the condenser and wrapped
about the outer surface of the sidewall, the evaporator including a
negative pitch coil configured to direct a refrigerant flow from
the top portion of the storage tank toward the bottom portion of
the storage tank.
11. The chiller apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a thermal
paste affixing the negative pitch coil to the storage tank and
enhancing heat transfer.
12. The chiller apparatus of claim 10, wherein the inner surface of
the sidewall includes plurality of projections extending radially
inward to provide additional surface area for heat transfer with
the liquid contained in the storage tank.
13. The chiller apparatus of claim 10, wherein the outer surface of
the storage tank defines at least one circumferential groove,
wherein the negative pitch coil is at least partially disposed in
the circumferential groove.
14. The chiller apparatus of claim 13, wherein the negative pitch
coil includes a circular profile defining an outer coil
diameter.
15. The chiller apparatus of claim 14, wherein the groove includes
a radial depth that is less than the outer coil diameter, and
wherein the negative pitch coil extends above the outer surface of
the storage tank.
16. The chiller apparatus of claim 10, further comprising an outer
jacket surrounding the negative pitch coil and the sidewall of the
storage tank, the outer jacket defining an annular cavity between
the sidewall of the storage tank and the outer jacket.
17. The chiller apparatus of claim 16, further comprising an
insulation material disposed within the annular cavity.
18. The chiller apparatus of claim 10, wherein the negative pitch
coil is wrapped around the storage tank in a helical pattern having
a negative pitch angle relative to the support plate.
19. The chiller apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a
temperature sensor mounted to the storage tank in operable
communication with the compressor.
20. The chiller apparatus of claim 10, wherein the storage tank
includes an outlet conduit extending from the interior volume at
the bottom portion of the storage tank.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present subject matter relates generally to water
chiller apparatuses and appliances.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Water chilling units have been adopted for wide range of
commercial and residential settings. Whether the need is for a
precisely-chilled medical imaging device, or an
immediately-accessible supply of cooled drinking water, water
chillers have numerous potential uses. However, most existing water
chillers are only available for large-scale operations. The high
costs and/or large footprint of these existing machines makes them
unusable for many potential customers. Although some conventional
systems may offer a large supply of pre-chilled water, many
potential users have neither the space nor resources needed to
invest in these conventional systems. Other conventional systems
may require less space, but typically have little, if any, storage
capacity for pre-chilled water.
[0003] In addition, the energy requirements for some such systems
can be quite high. When the need for chilled water arises, users
may be forced to wait a considerable amount of time for water to
reach the appropriate temperature. If the stored amount of chilled
water is minimal, the user will risk quickly exhausting the
chiller's supply. Even when rapid chilling is possible,
conventional systems typically require a user to expend large
amounts of electrical power to quickly chill lukewarm water. The
delay and/or expense of using such systems makes these conventional
systems impractical for many potential uses and/or users.
[0004] As a result, there is a need for an efficient and
inexpensive water chiller that requires less space than
conventional systems, while still providing an adequate amount of
immediately-accessible pre-chilled water storage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present disclosure relates, generally, to a chiller
apparatus including a storage tank and a refrigerant cooling
system. The refrigerant cooling system includes a compressor,
condenser, and evaporator attached to the storage tank to
efficiently cool liquid therein. Advantageously, the chiller
apparatus may be smaller and less expensive to operate than
conventional systems. Additional aspects and advantages of the
invention will be set forth in part in the following description,
or may be apparent from the description, or may be learned through
practice of the invention.
[0006] In one exemplary embodiment, a chiller apparatus for cooling
a liquid is provided. The chiller apparatus includes a storage tank
for storing the liquid and a refrigerant cooling system. The
storage tank has a top, a bottom, and an outer surface. The
refrigerant cooling system includes a compressor attached to the
storage tank, a condenser positioned downstream from the compressor
to condense a refrigerant received therefrom, and at least one
evaporator positioned downstream of the condenser and wrapped about
the outer surface of the storage tank. The evaporator includes a
negative pitch coil configured to direct refrigerant flow from a
position near the top of the storage tank to a position near the
bottom of the storage tank.
[0007] In another embodiment a chiller apparatus is provided. The
chiller apparatus includes a storage tank defining an interior
volume for the receipt of liquid to be chilled. The storage tank
includes a sidewall having an inner surface defining the interior
volume and configured for contact with the liquid. The storage tank
has an outer surface not contacting the liquid, and a bottom
portion and a top portion. The chiller apparatus includes a support
plate disposed over the storage tank, and a sealed cooling system
for circulating a refrigerant. The cooling system includes a
compressor mounted to the support plate for compressing the
refrigerant, a condenser positioned downstream from the compressor
on the support plate to condense the refrigerant received from the
compressor, and at least one evaporator positioned downstream of
the condenser and wrapped about the outer surface of the sidewall.
The evaporator includes a negative pitch coil configured to direct
a refrigerant flow from the top portion of the storage tank toward
the bottom portion of the storage tank.
[0008] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the
present invention will become better understood with reference to
the following description and appended claims. The accompanying
drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this
specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and,
together with the description, serve to explain the principles of
the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention,
including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill
in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes
reference to the appended figures, in which:
[0010] FIG. 1 provides a front elevation view of a water chiller
apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present
subject matter;
[0011] FIG. 2 provides a plan view of a water chiller apparatus
according to an exemplary embodiment of the present subject
matter;
[0012] FIG. 3 provides a cross-sectional front view according to an
exemplary water chiller apparatus embodiment;
[0013] FIG. 4 provides a cross-sectional rear view of the exemplary
water chiller apparatus of FIG. 3;
[0014] FIG. 5 is a close-up cross-sectional side view an exemplary
embodiment of a tank used in a water chiller apparatus of the
present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 6 is a close-up side view of an exemplary embodiment of
the tank used in the exemplary water chiller apparatus of FIG. 5;
and
[0016] FIG. 7 is an overhead cross-section view of another
exemplary embodiment of a tank used in a water chiller apparatus of
the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the
invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the
drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the
invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and
variations can be made in the present invention without departing
from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features
illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with
another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is
intended that the present invention covers such modifications and
variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and
their equivalents.
[0018] Turning to the figures, FIG. 1 provides a front elevation
view of a water chiller apparatus 100 according to an exemplary
embodiment of the present subject matter. Generally, the water
chiller apparatus 100 includes a casing 102 that extends between a
top portion 104 and a bottom portion 106 along a vertical direction
V. Thus, water chiller apparatus 100 may be vertically oriented.
The water chiller apparatus 100 can be leveled, e.g., such that
casing 102 is plumb in the vertical direction V, in order to
facilitate proper operation of the water chiller apparatus 100.
[0019] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the water chiller apparatus 100
also includes an inlet conduit 108 and an outlet conduit 110 that
are both in fluid communication with a storage tank 112 within the
casing 102. As an example, warm water from a water source, e.g., a
municipal water supply or a well, enters the water chiller
apparatus 100 through the inlet conduit 108 from a top portion 116
of the tank. From the inlet conduit 108, such warm water enters an
interior volume 114 of the tank 112 wherein the water is cooled to
generate chilled water. Such chilled water exits the water chiller
apparatus 100 at the outlet conduit 110 disposed at a bottom
portion 118 of the tank 112 and, e.g., is supplied to a medical
device, drinking supply, or any other suitable feature. As will be
understood by those skilled in the art and as used herein, the term
"water" includes purified water and solutions or mixtures
containing water and, e.g., elements (such as calcium, chlorine,
and fluorine), salts, bacteria, nitrates, organics, and other
chemical compounds or substances. Also, although water is described
as an exemplary liquid, other suitable liquids may be supplied to
the tank 112 and chilled by the apparatus 100.
[0020] The tank 112, itself, includes a sidewall 120 having an
inner surface 122 defining the interior volume 114 and configured
for contact with the water to be chilled. An outer surface 124 of
the sidewall 120 is defined opposite the inner surface 122 and does
not contact the chilled liquid. The top or top portion 116 of the
tank 112 and the bottom or bottom portion 118 of the tank 112 abut
the sidewall 120 and enclose the interior volume 114.
[0021] The water chiller apparatus 100 includes a sealed
refrigerant cooling system 126 for cooling water stored or supplied
to the tank 112. Generally, the sealed refrigerant cooling system
126 is configured to circulate a refrigerant through or near the
tank 112 to draw heat therefrom. Included in the sealed cooling
system 126 are a compressor 128, a condenser 130, a throttling
device 132, and an evaporator 134. As is generally understood,
various conduits may be utilized to flow or direct refrigerant
between the various components of the sealed system 126. The
compressor 128, condenser 130, throttling device 132, and
evaporator 134 may each be placed in fluid communication such that
refrigerant generally flows downstream from the compressor 128 to
the rest of the system before returning to the compressor 128.
[0022] During operation, the compressor 128 motivates the
refrigerant through the sealed cooling system 126 and acts to
compress the refrigerant through the compressor 128, itself,
increasing pressure and temperature of the refrigerant such that
the refrigerant becomes a superheated vapor. As a superheated
vapor, the refrigerant then passes to the condenser 130, which may
be positioned directly downstream from the compressor 128. Within
the condenser 130, the refrigerant is cooled as heat is drawn
therefrom. The refrigerant subsequently exits the condenser 130 as
a saturated liquid and/or high quality liquid vapor mixture. A
fluid filter 136 may be provided downstream of the condenser 130 to
draw excessive moisture from the saturated liquid and/or high
quality liquid vapor mixture. This high quality/saturated liquid
vapor mixture then travels through the throttling device 132, which
is configured for regulating a flow rate of refrigerant
therethrough. The throttling device 132 may generally expand the
refrigerant, lowering the refrigerant's pressure and temperature.
As a result, a cooled form of the refrigerant passes to the
evaporator 134. While passing through the evaporator 134, the
cooled refrigerant absorbs heat transferred to the storage tank 112
from the water therein. Refrigerant ideally exits the evaporator
134 in a gasified vapor form before passing back to the compressor
128. An accumulator 138 is provided in some embodiments and may be
configured to maintain gasification of the fluid flow as the
refrigerant passes from the evaporator 134 to the compressor 128.
Upon the refrigerant reaching the compressor 128, the cycle
repeats.
[0023] One or more tank temperature sensors 140 may be included and
configured for measuring a temperature of water within the interior
volume 114 of the storage tank 112. The tank temperature sensor 140
may be positioned at any suitable location within or on the storage
tank 112. For example, the tank temperature sensor 140 may be
positioned within the interior volume 114 of the storage tank 112
or disposed on the tank sidewall 120. The tank temperature sensor
140 may, moreover, be configured in operable communication with the
compressor 128 to indicate when the compressor 128 should be
activated to circulate refrigerant. Such embodiments may provide
indicate when additional or decreased cooling is needed. In some
embodiments, multiple tank temperature sensors 140 may be included
to provide temperature measurements at multiple positions of the
tank 112.
[0024] A controller 142 may be included and configured to control
or regulate the water chiller apparatus 100 and/or sealed cooling
system 126. Controller 142 may be, for example, in operable
communication with the sealed system 126 (such as the compressor
128, and/or other components thereof), and/or temperature sensor
140. Thus, controller 142 can selectively activate system 126 in
order to cool water within the interior volume 114 of the storage
tank 112.
[0025] Controller 142 includes memory and one or more processing
devices such as microprocessors, CPUs or the like, such as general
or special purpose microprocessors operable to execute programming
instructions or micro-control code associated with operation of the
water chiller apparatus 100. The memory can represent random access
memory such as DRAM, or read only memory such as ROM or FLASH. The
processor executes programming instructions stored in the memory.
The memory can be a separate component from the processor or can be
included onboard within the processor. Alternatively, controller
142 may be constructed without using a microprocessor, e.g., using
a combination of discrete analog and/or digital logic circuitry
(such as switches, amplifiers, integrators, comparators,
flip-flops, AND gates, and the like) to perform control
functionality instead of relying upon software.
[0026] As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, one or more features of the
water chiller apparatus 100 may be attached to the tank 112 and
mounted within the casing. Specific embodiments of the apparatus
100 include a support plate 144 disposed over the storage tank 112,
to which one or more sealed cooling system components may be
mounted. For example, the compressor 128 of an exemplary embodiment
is mounted to the support plate 144 and selectively positioned
above the storage tank 112.
[0027] In optional or additional embodiments, the condenser 130 may
be mounted to the support plate 144 above the tank 112. The
condenser 130 may, moreover, include one or more air handler 160.
The air handler 160 may be positioned within casing on or adjacent
a condenser body 162. Thus, when activated, the air handler 160 may
direct a flow of air towards or across the condenser 130, and
assist with drawing heat from the refrigerant within the condenser
body 162. The air handler 160 may be any suitable type of air
handler, such as an axial or centrifugal fan. The condenser body
162 may be any suitable conduit structure for directing the
refrigerant therethrough. One or more heat exchange fins may extend
therefrom and assist with heat transfer between the air and
refrigerant.
[0028] Throttling device 132 may be disposed above the tank 112
adjacent to the condenser 130. The throttling device 132, itself,
may be any suitable components for generally expanding the
refrigerant. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, throttling
device 132 may be a Joule-Thomson expansion valve, also known as a
"J-T valve." In other exemplary embodiments, throttling device 132
may be an ejector. In still other exemplary embodiments, a
capillary tube, fixed orifice, or other suitable apparatus may be
utilized as throttling device 132. In certain exemplary
embodiments, throttling device 132 may be an electronic expansion
valve (EEV).
[0029] As shown, the evaporator 134 may include a negative pitch
coil 166 positioned generally downstream of the condenser 130
and/or directly downstream of the throttling device 132. As
illustrated, the coil 166 of some embodiments is wrapped about the
outer surface 124 of the sidewall 120, in direct contact thereto.
In one exemplary embodiment, the coil 166 is affixed to the storage
tank 112 using a thermal paste that improves heat transfer. In
another embodiment, the coil 166 is welded to the tank 112. As
shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 3 and 4, the coil 166
may run along the outer surface 124 of the cylindrically-shaped
sidewall 120 of the tank 112 in a helical pattern in the radial
direction R. Moreover, the negative pitch coil 166 may be
configured to direct fluid flow substantially downward in the
vertical direction V. In such embodiments, refrigerant flow is
directed from a position near a top portion 116 of the storage tank
112 to a position near a bottom portion 118 of the storage tank
112.
[0030] In certain embodiments, the coil 166 has a negative pitch
angle .theta. defined relative to the top 116 of the tank 112. As
result, the negative pitch coil 166 may have an entry port 168
disposed vertically higher than an exit port 170 when the tank 112
is vertically positioned. In an additional or alternative
embodiment, the negative pitch coil 166 has a negative pitch angle
.theta. relative to the support plate 144 of the water chiller
apparatus 100. In such embodiments, the support plate 144 of the
water chiller apparatus 100 may define a horizontal plane which the
negative pitch coil 166 extends away from. The negative pitch coil
166 may, advantageously, aid heat flow within the storage tank 112.
Specifically, the negative pitch coil 166 is configured to conduct
heat at a higher rate near a top portion 116 of the tank 112 than
at a bottom portion 118 of the tank 112. The disparate heat
transfers may thereby generate a fluid flow of water within the
storage tank 112. Chilled water from the top portion 116 of the
interior volume 114 can flow downward toward the bottom portion 118
of the interior volume 114 as relatively warm water flows upwards
from the bottom portion 118.
[0031] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the storage tank 112 may be
positioned within an outer jacket 172 of the casing 102. In such
embodiments, the outer jacket 172 surrounds the tank 112 to create
an annular space 174 between the tank 112 and jacket 172.
Insulation 176 may be provided within annular space 174 to reduce
the amount of heat transfer from the environment. As illustrated,
the jacket 172 and insulation 176 may further enclose the negative
pitch coil 166, thereby increasing the heat absorbed from the tank
112 to the coil 166. Insulation 176 is provided as foamed-in
insulation for some embodiments, but other materials may be used as
well.
[0032] In certain embodiments of the apparatus 100, it is desirable
to increase the surface area for contact between the negative pitch
coil 166 and the storage tank 112. Such an increase will provide
increased heat transfer between the coil 166 and the tank 112 for a
given length of the coil 166. Moreover, it can decrease the overall
length of coil required to transfer heat from the tank 112 (and
water therein) to the coil 166. In additional or alternative
embodiments, it may be desirable to increase the surface area and
shape of the tank inner surface 122 in contact with water within
the interior volume 114. The increased surface area and changes in
shape advantageously improve the contact area with the water and
alter the film coefficient of convective heat transfer from the
tank inner surface 122 to the water.
[0033] Accordingly, the storage tank 112 of some embodiments
includes one or more groove 178 formed along the outer surface 124
of the cylindrically-shaped sidewall 120 along an axial direction
A, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. For example, a single continuous
circumferential groove 178 may be formed about the sidewall 120 in
a helical pattern matched to that of the negative pitch coil 166.
As a result, when the water chiller apparatus 100 is positioned
vertically, the axial direction may be parallel to the vertical
direction V.
[0034] As further shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, one or more coil 166 from
the cooling system 126 may fit into groove 178, thereby increased
the surface area for contact between the sidewall 120 and the coil
166 over a given length of coil. The groove 178 also appears on the
inner surface 122 of the sidewall 120 and provides increased area
for heat transfer with water within the tank 112. Additionally, for
some exemplary embodiments, the groove 178 has a circularly-shaped
surface 179 to accommodate a circular profile of the coil 166.
Specifically, the groove 178 may accommodate an outer coil diameter
Di defined by the circular profile of the coil 166. However, in
other embodiments the groove 178 may have a surface that is e.g.,
U-shaped, V-shaped, or square shaped.
[0035] The groove 178 in some embodiments has a depth De in radial
direction R that is less than the outer diameter Di of the coil
166. In such embodiments, the coil 166 extends beyond the outer
surface 124 of cylindrically-shaped sidewall 120 of the storage
tank 112. Alternatively, the groove 178 may have a depth De that is
greater than the outer coil diameter Di of the coil 166. The groove
178 may also have a width along the axial direction, A,
approximately equal to the outer diameter Di of the coil 166. It is
envisioned that other configurations may be used as well.
[0036] In another exemplary embodiment, the storage tank 112 could
be formed out of a process such that the interior surface of the
tank 112 has a plurality of internal heat transfer features--e.g.,
ribs, fins, or the like--that project into the tank 112 and extend
longitudinally along the axial direction A of the tank 112. For
example, FIG. 7 provides a cross-sectional view of another
exemplary embodiment of the tank 112 where a plurality of T-shaped
fins 180 are spaced apart about the circumferential direction C of
the tank 112 and extend along radial direction R into the tank 112.
Fins 180 also extend longitudinally along the axial direction A of
the tank 112. Fins 180 could be formed, for example, by welding or
extruding the sidewall 120 with fins 180 in place. Internal
features such as fins 180 can, advantageously, increase the rate of
heat transfer from the water and improve the convective heat
transfer film coefficient.
[0037] This written description uses examples to disclose the
invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person
skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and
using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated
methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the
claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled
in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope
of the claims if they include structural elements that do not
differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include
equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from
the literal languages of the claims.
* * * * *