U.S. patent application number 14/937938 was filed with the patent office on 2017-05-11 for variety corn line id6461.
The applicant listed for this patent is Syngenta Participations AG. Invention is credited to Mohammed Ahmed.
Application Number | 20170127637 14/937938 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58629114 |
Filed Date | 2017-05-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170127637 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ahmed; Mohammed |
May 11, 2017 |
Variety Corn Line ID6461
Abstract
The present invention provides an inbred corn line designated
ID6461, methods for producing a corn plant by crossing plants of
the inbred line ID6461 with plants of another corn plant. The
invention further encompasses all parts of inbred corn line ID6461,
including culturable cells. Additionally provided herein are
methods for introducing transgenes into inbred corn line ID6461,
and plants produced according to these methods.
Inventors: |
Ahmed; Mohammed; (Pembroke
Pines, FL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Syngenta Participations AG |
Basel |
|
CH |
|
|
Family ID: |
58629114 |
Appl. No.: |
14/937938 |
Filed: |
November 11, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12Q 1/6895 20130101;
A01H 5/10 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01H 5/10 20060101
A01H005/10; C12N 15/82 20060101 C12N015/82; A01H 1/04 20060101
A01H001/04; A01H 1/02 20060101 A01H001/02; C12Q 1/68 20060101
C12Q001/68 |
Claims
1. A seed of maize variety ID6461, wherein representative seed of
said variety ID6461 have been deposited under ATCC Accession Number
PTA-122306.
2. A plant of maize variety ID6461, wherein representative seed of
said variety ID6461 have been deposited under ATCC Accession Number
PTA-122306.
3. A plant part of the plant of claim 2.
4. The plant part of claim 3, wherein said part is a pollen grain,
a silk, a protoplast, a cell, a tassel, an anther or an ovule.
5. A maize seed produced on the plant of claim 2.
6. A maize plant having all the physiological and morphological
characteristics of the plant according to claim 2 and further
comprising an additional trait, wherein the additional trait is
selected from the group consisting of increased water stress
resistance, waxy starch, male sterility, restoration of male
fertility, modified carbohydrate metabolism, modified protein
metabolism, modified fatty acid metabolism, altered starch,
thermotolerant amylase, herbicide resistance, insect resistance,
nematode resistance, bacterial disease resistance, fungal disease
resistance, and viral disease resistance.
7. The plant of claim 6 wherein the additional trait is conferred
by introducing a transgene.
8. A process for producing an F1 hybrid seed seed, said process
comprising crossing the maize plant of claim 2 with a different
plant to produce an F1 hybrid seed.
9. A maize seed produced by the process of claim 8.
10. A maize plant produced by germinating the seed of claim 9.
11. A method of producing a genetic marker profile comprising
extracting nucleic acids from the seed of claim 9 or the plant
germinated from said seed and genotyping said nucleic acids at one
or more genetic loci, thereby producing a genetic marker
profile.
12. A method of plant breeding comprising a)isolating nucleic acids
from the seed of claim 9, b) identifying one or more polymorphisms
from the isolated nucleic acids, and c) selecting a plant having
said one or more polymorphisms wherein the plant is used in a plant
breeding method.
13. A method of plant breeding comprising a) isolating nucleic
acids from the plant of claim 10, b) identifying one or more
polymorphisms from the isolated nucleic acids, and c) selecting a
plant having said one or more polymorphisms wherein the plant is
used in a plant breeding method.
14. A process of introducing an additional trait into maize plant
ID6461 comprising: (a) crossing ID6461 plants grown from ID6461
seed, representative seed deposited under ATCC Accession Number
PTA-122306, with another maize variety that comprises an additional
trait to produce hybrid progeny plants, (b) selecting hybrid
progeny plants that have the additional trait to produce selected
hybrid progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected progeny plants
with the ID6461 plants to produce backcross progeny plants; (d)
selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the additional
trait to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and (e)
repeating steps (c) and (d) at least three or more times to produce
backcross progeny plants that comprise the additional trait and all
of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize
inbred plant ID6461 when grown in the same environmental
conditions.
15. A plant produced by the process of claim 14.
16. A method of producing a maize plant derived from the inbred
plant ID6461, the method comprising the steps of (a) growing the
plant of claim 10; (b) crossing said plant with itself or a
different plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant; and (c)
growing said progeny plant from said seed and crossing the progeny
plant with itself or a different plant to produce a maize plant
derived from the inbred plant ID6461.
17. A method for developing a second maize variety in a maize plant
breeding program, comprising applying plant breeding techniques
wherein said techniques comprise recurrent selection, backcrossing,
pedigree breeding, marker enhanced selection, haploid/double
haploid production, or transformation to the maize plant of claim
10, or its parts, wherein application of said techniques results in
development of a second maize variety.
18. A method of producing a commodity plant product comprising
growing the plant from the seed of claim 9, or a part thereof, and
producing said commodity plant product comprising protein
concentrate, protein isolate, starch, meal, flour or oil
therefrom.
19. A method of producing a maize plant with doubled haploid
chromosomes from the maize variety ID6461 the method comprising:
(a) crossing the plant of claim 10, wherein said plant may have one
or more traits, with an inducer maize plant to produce a progeny
with haploid chromosomes; and (b) doubling the haploid chromosomes
in the progeny to produce a maize plant with doubled haploid
chromosomes.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention is in the field of corn breeding.
Specifically, the present invention provides a maize plant and its
seed designated ID6461, as well as derivatives and hybrids
thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Maize (or corn; Zea mays L.) plant breeding is a process to
develop improved maize germplasm in an inbred or hybrid plant.
Maize plants can be self-pollinating or cross pollinating. Self
pollination for several generations produces homozygosity at almost
all gene loci, forming a uniform population of true breeding
progeny, known as inbreds. Hybrids are developed by crossing two
homozygous inbreds to produce heterozygous gene loci in hybrid
plants and seeds. In this process, the inbred is emasculated and
the pollen from the other inbred pollinates the emasculated inbred.
Emasculation of the inbred can be done by chemical treatment of the
plant, detasseling the seed parent, or the parent inbred can
comprise a male sterility trait or transgene imparting sterility,
eliminating the need for detasseling. This emasculated inbred,
often referred to as the female, produces the hybrid seed, F1. The
hybrid seed that is produced is heterozygous. However, the grain
produced by a plant grown from F1 hybrid seed is referred to as F2
grain. F2 grain which is a plant part produced on the F1 plant will
comprise segregating maize germplasm, even though the hybrid plant
is heterozygous.
[0003] Such heterozygosity in hybrids results in robust and
vigorous plants. Inbred plants on the other hand are mostly
homozygous, rendering them less vigorous. Inbred seed can be
difficult to produce due to such decreased vigor. However, when two
inbred lines are crossed, the resulting hybrid plant shows greatly
increased vigor and seed yield compared to open pollinated,
segregating maize plants. An important consequence of the
homozygosity and homogeneity of inbred maize lines is that all
hybrid seed and plants produced from any cross of two such lines
will be the same. Thus the use of inbreds allows for the production
of hybrid seed that can be readily reproduced.
[0004] There are numerous stages in the development of any novel,
desirable plant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with the analysis
and definition of problems and weaknesses of the current germplasm,
the establishment of program goals, and the definition of specific
breeding objectives. The next step is selection of germplasm that
possess the traits to meet the program goals. The aim is to combine
in a single variety an improved combination of desirable traits
from the parental germplasm. These important traits may include,
for example, higher yield, resistance to diseases, fungus, bacteria
and insects, better stems and roots, tolerance to drought and heat,
improved nutritional quality, and better agronomic
characteristics.
[0005] Choice of breeding methods depends on the mode of plant
reproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and
the type of cultivar used commercially (e.g., F1 hybrid cultivar,
pure line cultivar, etc.). For highly heritable traits, a choice of
superior individual plants evaluated at a single location may be
effective, whereas for traits with low heritability, selection can
be based on mean values obtained from replicated evaluations of
families of related plants. Popular selection methods commonly
include pedigree selection, modified pedigree selection, mass
selection, and recurrent selection.
[0006] The complexity of inheritance influences the choice of
breeding method. Backcross breeding is used to transfer one or a
few favorable genes for a highly heritable trait into a desirable
cultivar. This approach has been used extensively for breeding
disease-resistant cultivars and introducing transgenic events into
maize germplasm. Thus, backcross breeding is useful for
transferring genes for a simply inherited, highly heritable trait
into a desirable homozygous cultivar or inbred line which is the
recurrent parent. The source of the trait to be transferred is
called the donor parent. After the initial cross, individuals
possessing the phenotype of the donor parent are selected and
repeatedly crossed (backcrossed) to the recurrent parent. The
resulting plant is expected to have the attributes of the recurrent
parent (e.g., cultivar) and the desirable trait transferred from
the donor parent.
[0007] Each breeding program generally includes a periodic,
objective evaluation of the efficiency of the breeding procedure.
Evaluation criteria vary depending on the goals and objectives, but
should include gain from selection per year based on comparisons to
an appropriate standard, overall value of the advanced breeding
lines, and number of successful cultivars produced per unit of
input (e.g., per year, per dollar expended, etc.).
[0008] The ultimate objective of commercial corn breeding programs
is to produce high yield, agronomically sound plants that perform
well in particular regions of the U.S. Corn Belt, such as a plant
of this invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] In one aspect, the present invention provides a seed of the
maize variety ID6461, representative seed of said variety having
been deposited.
[0010] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a plant
of maize variety ID6461, representative seed of said ID6461 variety
having been deposited. Further provided is a plant part of the
plant of this invention, which includes but is not limited to a
pollen grain, a silk, a protoplast, a cell, a tassel, an anther, or
an ovule. Also provided is a maize seed produced on the plant of
maize variety ID6461.
[0011] Another aspect of the invention provides a maize plant
having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of
maize variety ID6461 and further comprising an additional trait,
wherein the additional trait is selected from the group consisting
of increased water stress resistance, waxy starch, male sterility
or restoration of male fertility, modified carbohydrate metabolism,
modified protein metabolism and modified fatty acid metabolism,
altered starch, thermotolerant amylase, herbicide resistance,
insect resistance, nematode resistance, bacterial disease
resistance, fungal disease resistance, and viral disease
resistance. In some embodiments, the additional trait is conferred
by introducing a transgene.
[0012] Additional aspects of this invention include a process for
producing an F1 hybrid maize seed, said process comprising crossing
a plant of maize inbred plant ID6461 with a different maize plant
and harvesting the resultant F1 hybrid maize seed. A maize plant or
plant part produced by growing the F1 hybrid maize seed is also
provided herein. The present invention also provides a maize seed
produced by crossing the plant of this invention with a different
maize plant.
[0013] The present invention further provides an F1 hybrid maize
seed comprising an inbred maize plant cell of inbred maize plant
ID6461. Further provided is a process of crossing the maize inbred
plant ID6461 with another plant. Additionally provided herein is
the seed produced by crossing the maize inbred plant ID6461 with
another plant. Additionally, a plant produced by germinating the
seed produced by crossing the maize inbred plant ID6461 with
another plant is provided
[0014] A method is also provided for producing maize seed
comprising growing the plant of this invention until seed is
produced and harvesting the seed, wherein the harvested seed is
inbred or hybrid or haploid seed.
[0015] The present invention also provides a method of producing
seed, comprising crossing the plant of the invention with itself or
a second maize plant. Seed produced by this method are also
provided herein. Additional aspects of this invention include
hybrid seed produced by crossing the invention with a second
distinct corn plant and the plant and plant parts on this hybrid
plant grown from the hybrid seed.
[0016] Additional aspects of this invention include a process of
introducing an additional trait into maize inbred plant ID6461,
comprising: (a) crossing ID6461 plants grown from ID6461 seed with
plants of another maize plant that comprise an additional trait to
produce hybrid progeny plants, (b) selecting hybrid progeny plants
that have the additional trait to produce selected hybrid progeny
plants; (c) crossing the selected progeny plants with the ID6461
plants to produce backcross progeny plants; (d) selecting for
backcross progeny plants that have the additional trait to produce
selected backcross progeny plants; and (e) repeating step(s) (c)
and (d) one or more times to produce backcross progeny plants of
subsequent generations that comprise the additional trait and all
of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize
inbred plant ID6461 when grown in the same environmental
conditions. In some embodiments of this invention, the desired
trait can be, but is not limited to, waxy starch, male sterility,
increased tolerance to water stress, herbicide resistance, nematode
resistance, modified amylase, altered starch, thermotolerant
amylase, insect resistance, modified carbohydrate metabolism,
protein metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, bacterial resistance,
disease resistance, fungal disease resistance, viral disease
resistance, or any combination thereof. A plant produced by this
process is also provided herein. Or a conversion of this maize
variety, wherein representative seed of said maize variety
comprising at least one new trait wherein said conversions had the
morphological and physiological traits of maize and said trait
confers a characteristic selected from the group consisting of
altered amylase, abiotic stress and biotic stress tolerance,
herbicide, insect, fungal, bacterial and disease resistance.
[0017] Furthermore, the present invention provides a maize plant
having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of
inbred plant ID6461, wherein a sample of the seed of inbred plant
ID6461 was deposited. The maize plant of this invention can
comprise a genome which further comprises at least one transgene
and/or the maize plant can exhibit a trait conferred by a
transgene. In some embodiments of this invention, the transgene can
confer a trait of herbicide resistance or tolerance; insect
resistance or tolerance; resistance or tolerance to bacterial,
fungal, nematode or viral disease; waxy starch; altered starch,
male sterility or restoration of male fertility, modified
carbohydrate metabolism, modified fatty acid metabolism, or any
combination thereof.
[0018] Additionally provided herein is a method of producing a
maize plant derived from the inbred plant ID6461, comprising the
steps of: (a) growing a progeny plant wherein the inbred plant is
one parent of the progeny; (b) crossing the progeny plant with
itself or a different plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant of
a subsequent generation; (c) growing a progeny plant of a
subsequent generation from said seed and crossing the progeny plant
of a subsequent generation with itself or a different plant; and
(d) repeating steps (b) and (c) for an additional 0-5 generations
to produce a maize plant derived from the inbred plant ID6461.
[0019] Another aspect of this invention includes a method for
developing a maize plant in a maize plant breeding program,
comprising applying plant breeding techniques comprising recurrent
selection, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, marker enhanced
selection, haploid/dihaploid production, or transformation to the
maize plant of this invention, or its parts, wherein application of
said techniques results in development of a maize plant.
[0020] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method of
producing a commodity plant product comprising growing the plant
from the seed of this invention or a part thereof and producing
said commodity plant product, wherein said commodity plant product
can be, but is not limited to a protein concentrate, a protein
isolate, starch, meal, flour, oil therefrom, or any combination
thereof. A method is also provided of producing a treated seed of
this invention, comprising obtaining the seed of ID6461 and
treating said seed. According to one aspect, the present invention
provides a method of producing a genetic marker profile comprising
extracting nucleic acids from the seed produced by maize variety
ID6461 or the plant grown from said seed and genotyping said
nucleic acids, thereby producing a genetic marker profile.
[0021] According to another aspect, the present invention provides
a method of plant breeding comprising: isolating nucleic acids from
a seed produced by maize variety ID6461 or a plant grown from the
seed, identifying one or more polymorphisms from the isolated
nucleic acids, and selecting a plant having one or more poly
morphisms wherein the plant is used in a plant breeding method.
[0022] In a still further aspect, the present invention provides a
method of producing an inbred maize plant derived from the inbred
maize variety ID6461 the method comprising: crossing a progeny
plant wherein the inbred plant ID6461 is one parent of the progeny,
wherein said plant may have one or more traits, with an inducer
maize plant to produce haploid seed; and doubling the haploid seed
to produce an inbred maize plant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The
terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for
the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not
intended to be limiting of the invention. All publications, patent
applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are
incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0024] In the description and examples that follow, a number of
terms are used. In order to provide a clear and consistent
understanding of the specifications and claims, including the scope
to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided.
Definitions of Plant Characteristics
Early Season Trait Codes
[0025] Emergence Rating (EMRGR): Recorded when 50% of the plots in
the trial are at V1 (1 leaf collar) growth stage. Various responses
include, but are not limited to, (1) All plants have emerged and
are uniform in size; (2) All plants have emerged but are not
completely uniform; (3) Most plants have emerged with some just
beginning to break the soil surface, noticeable lack of uniformity;
(4) Less than 50% of the plants have emerged, and lack of
uniformity is very noticeable; or (5) A few plants have emerged but
most remain under the soil surface.
[0026] Seedling Growth (SVGRR or Vigor): Recorded between V3 and V5
(3-5 leaf stage) giving greatest weight to seedling plant size and
secondary weight to uniform growth. Various responses include, but
are not limited to, (1) Large plant size and uniform growth; (2)
Acceptable plant size and uniform growth; (3) Acceptable plant size
and might be a little non-uniform; (4) Weak looking plants and
non-uniform growth; or (5) Small plants with poor uniformity.
[0027] Purpling (PRPLR): Emergence and/or early growth rating.
Purpling is more pronounced on the under sides of leaf blades
especially on midribs. Various responses include, but are not
limited to, (1) No plants showing purple color; (2) 30% plants
showing purple color; (3) 50% plants showing purple color; (4) 70%
plants showing purple color; or (5) 90+% plants showing purple
color.
[0028] Herbicide Injury (HRBDR): List the herbicide type that is
being rated. Then rate each hybrid/variety injury as indicated
below. (1) No apparent reduction in biomass or other injury
symptoms; (2) Moderate reduction in biomass with some signs of
sensitivity; (3) Severe reduction in biomass with some
mortality.
Mid-Season Trait Codes
[0029] Heat Units to 50% Silk (HU5SN): Recorded the day when 50% of
all plants within a plot show 2 cm or more silk protruding from the
ear. Converted days to accumulated heat units from planting.
[0030] Heat units to 50% Pollen Shed (HUPSN): Recorded the day when
50% of all plants within a plot are shedding pollen. Converted days
to accumulated heat units from planting.
[0031] Plant Height (PLHTN): After pollination, recorded average
plant height of each plot. Measured from ground to tassel tip in
cm.
[0032] Plant Ear Height (ERHTN) in cm: After pollination, record
average ear height of each plot. Measure from ground to base of ear
node (shank).
[0033] Root Lodging Early % (ERTLP): Early root lodging occurs up
to about two weeks after flowering and usually involves
goosenecking. The number of root lodged plants are counted and
converted to a percentage.
[0034] Shed Duration (Shed Duration): Sum of daily heat units for
days when plants in the plot are actively shedding pollen.
[0035] Foliar Disease (LFDSR): Foliar disease ratings taken one
month before harvest and through harvest. The predominant disease
should be listed in the trial information and individual hybrid
ratings should be given. Various responses include, but are not
limited to, (9) No lesions to two lesions per leaf; (8) A few
scattered lesions on the leaf. About five to ten percent of the
leaf surface is affected; (7) A moderate number of lesions are on
the leaf. About 15 to 20 percent of the leaf surface is affected;
(6) abundant lesions are on the leaf. About 30 to 40 percent of the
leaf surface is affected; or (5) Highly abundant lesions (>50
percent) on the leaf. Lesions are highly coalesced. Plants may be
prematurely killed. Alternatively, the response to diseases can
also be rated as: R=Resistant=9 to 8 rating; MR=Moderately
Resistant=7 to 6 rating; MS=Moderately Susceptible=5 to 4 rating;
S=Susceptible=3 to 1 rating
Preharvest Trait Codes
[0036] Heat units to Black Layer (HUBLN): The day when 50% of all
plants within a plot reach the black layer stage is recorded.
Convert days to accumulated heat units from planting.
[0037] Harvest Population (HAVPN): The number of plants in yield
rows, excluding tillers, in each plot is counted.
[0038] Barren Plants (BRRNP): The number of plants in yield rows
having no ears and/or abnormal ears with less than 50 kernels is
counted.
[0039] Dropped Ears (DROPP): The numbers of ears lying on the
ground in yield rows are counted.
[0040] Stalk Lodging % (STKLP): Stalk lodging will be reported as
number of plants broken below the ear without pushing, excluding
green snapped plants. The number of broken plants in yield rows is
counted and converted to percent.
[0041] Root Lodging Late % (LRTLP): Late root lodging can usually
start to occur about two weeks after flowering and involves lodging
at the base of the plant. Plants leaning at a 30-degree angle or
more from the vertical are considered lodged. The number of root
lodged plants in yield rows is counted and converted to
percent.
[0042] Push Test for Stalk and Root Quality on Erect Plants %
(PSTSP or PCT Push or % Pushtest): The push test is applied to
trials with approximately five percent or less average stalk
lodging. Plants are pushed that are not root lodged or broken prior
to the push test. Standing next to the plant, the hand is placed at
the top ear and pushed to arm's length. Push one of the border rows
(four-row small plot) into an adjacent plot border row. The number
of plants leaning at a 30-degree angle or more from the vertical,
including plants with broken stalks prior to pushing is counted.
Plants that have strong rinds that snap rather than bend over
easily are not counted. The goal of the push test is to identify
stalk rot and stalk lodging potential, NOT ECB injury. Data may be
collected for the push test in the following manner:
[0043] PUSXN: Push ten plants and enter the number of plants that
do not remain upright.
[0044] Intactness (INTLR): Responses can include, but are not
limited to, (1) Healthy appearance, tops unbroken; (2) 25% of tops
broken; or (3) Majority of tops broken
[0045] Plant Appearance (PLTAR): This is a visual rating based on
general plant appearance, taking into account all factors of
intactness, pest and disease pressure. Various responses include,
but are not limited to, (1) Complete plant with healthy appearance;
(2) Plants look okay; or (3) Plants are not acceptable.
[0046] Green Snap (GRSNP or PCTGS or % GreenSnap): Count the number
of plants in yield rows that snap below the ear due to brittleness
associated with high winds.
[0047] Stay-green (STGRP): This is an assessment of the ability of
a grain hybrid to retain green color as maturity approaches (taken
near the time of black-layer formation) and should not be a
reflection of hybrid maturity or leaf disease. Record as a
percentage of green tissue. This may be listed as a Stay Green
Rating instead of a percentage.
[0048] Stay Green Rating (STGRR): This is an assessment of the
ability of a grain hybrid to retain green color as maturity is
approached (taken near the time of black layer formation or if
major differences are noted later). This rating should not be a
reflection of the hybrid maturity or leaf disease. Ratings are 1-9.
(1=best, 9=worst) 1=solid Green Plant 9=no green tissue
[0049] Ear/Kernel Rots (KRDSR): If ear or kernel rot is present,
husk ten consecutive ears in each plot and count the number that
have evidence of ear or kernel rot, multiply by 10, and round up to
the nearest rating as described below. Identify and record the
disease primarily responsible for the rot. The rot response can
include but is not limited to (1) No rot, 0% of the ears infected;
(2) Up to 10% of the ears infected; (3) 11 to 20% of the ears
infected; (4) 21 to 35% of the ears infected; or (5) 36% or more of
the ears infected.
[0050] Grain Quality (GRQUR): Observations taken on husked ears
after black layer stage. The kernel cap integrity and relative
amount of soft starch endosperm along the sides of kernels are
rated. Grain quality ratings can include but are not limited to (1)
Smooth kernel caps and or 10% or less soft starch; (2) Slight
kernel wrinkles and or 30% soft starch; (3) Moderate kernel
wrinkles and or 70% soft starch; or (4) Severe kernel wrinkled and
or 90% or more soft starch.
Preharvest Hybrid Trait Codes
[0051] Ear Shape (DESHR): Description of ear shape can include, but
is not limited to, (1) Blocky; (2) Semi-blocky; or (3) Slender.
[0052] Ear Type (EARFR): Description of ear type can include, but
is not limited to, (1) Flex; (2) Semi-flex; or (3) Fixed.
[0053] Husk Cover (HSKCR): Description of husk cover can include,
but is not limited to, (1) Long; (2) Medium; or (3) Short.
[0054] Kernel Depth (KRLNR): Description of kernel depth can
include, but is not limited to, (1) Deep; (2) Medium; or (3) Short
(shallow).
[0055] Shank Length (SHLNR): Description of shank length can
include, but is not limited to, (1) Short; (2) Medium; or (3)
Long.
[0056] Kernel Row Number (KRRWN): The average number of kernel rows
on 3 ears.
[0057] Cob diameter (COBDR): Cob diameter is to be taken with
template. Description of cob diameter can include, but is not
limited to, (1) Small; (2) Medium; or (3) Large.
Harvest Trait Codes
[0058] Number of Rows Harvested (NRHAN)
[0059] Plot Width (RWIDN)
[0060] Plot Length (RLENN)
[0061] Yield Lb/Plot (YGSMN): Bushels per acre adjusted to 15.5%
moisture.
[0062] Test Weight (TSTWN or TWT): Test weight at harvest in pounds
per bushel.
[0063] Moisture % (MST_P): Percent moisture of grain at
harvest.
[0064] Adjusted Yield in Bu/A (YBUAN) listing of bushels per acre
of harvested seed at standard moisture
[0065] Kernel Type (KRTPN): Description of kernel type can include,
but is not limited to, (1) Dent; (2) Flint; (3) Sweet; (4) Flour;
(5) Pop; (6) Ornamental; (7) Pipecorn; or (8) Other.
[0066] Endosperm Type (KRTEN): Description of endosperm type can
include, but is not limited to, (1) Normal; (2) Amylose (high); (3)
Waxy (4) Sweet; (5) Extra sweet; (6) High protein; (7) High lysine;
(8) Super sweet; (9) High oil; or (10) Other.
[0067] Sterile Type (MSCT): Description of sterile type can
include, but is not limited to, (1) No; If yes, cytoplasm type can
include but is not limited to, (2) C-type or (3) S-type if other
(4) for example, transgene
[0068] Anthocyanin of Brace Roots (PBRCC): Refers to the presence
of color on 60% of the brace roots during pollen shed. The
description of the anthocyanin of brace roots can include, but is
not limited to, (1) Absent; (2) Faint; (3) Moderate; (4) Dark; (5)
Brace Roots not present; (6) Green; (7) Red; or (8) Purple.
[0069] Anther Color (ANTCC): At 50 percent pollen shed observe the
color of newly extruded anthers, pollen not yet shed. The
description of the anther color can include, but is not limited to,
(1) Yellow; (2) Red; (3) Pink; or (4) Purple
[0070] Glume Color (GLMCC): Color of glumes prior to pollen shed.
The description of the glume color can include, but is not limited
to, (1) Red or (2) Green.
[0071] Silk Color (SLKCC; SLKCN): Taken at a late flowering stage
when all plants have fully extruded silk. Silks at least 2'' long
but still fresh. The description of the silk color can include, but
is not limited to, (1) Yellow; (2) Pink; or (3) Red (e.g., Munsell
value).
[0072] Kernel Color (KERCC): The main color of the kernel from at
least three ears per ear family. The description of the kernel
color can include, but is not limited to, (1) Yellow; or (2)
White.
[0073] Cob Color (COBCC; COBCC): The main color of the cob after
shelling from at least three ears per ear family. The description
of the cob color can include, but is not limited to, (1) Red; (2)
Pink; or (3) White (e.g., Munsell value).
Additional Definitions Relating to Plant Culture and Plant
Characteristics
[0074] Final number of plants per plot EMRGN
[0075] Region Developed (REGNN): Various response can include, but
are not limited to, (1) Northwest; (2) Northcentral; (3) Northeast;
(4) Southeast; (5) Southcentral; (6) Southwest; or (7) Other.
[0076] Cross type (CRTYN); The cross types include, but are not
limited to, (1) sc 2; (2) dc; (3) 3w; (4) msc; (5) m3w; (6) inbred;
(7) rel. line; or (8) Other.
[0077] Days to Emergence (EMERN).
[0078] Percent Root lodging (before anthesis) (ERTLP).
[0079] Percent Brittle snapping (before anthesis) (GRSNP).
[0080] Tassel branch angle (degree) of 2nd primary lateral branch
(at anthesis) (TBANN).
[0081] Days to 50% silk in adapted zone (DSAZN).
[0082] Heat units to 90% pollen shed (from emergence) (HU9PN).
[0083] Days from 10% to 90% pollen shed (DA19N).
[0084] Heat units from 10% to 90% pollen shed (HU19N).
[0085] Heat units to 10% pollen shed: (from emergence) (HU1PN)
[0086] Leaf sheath pubescence of second leaf above the ear (at
anthesis) 1-9 (1=none) (LSPUR).
[0087] Angle (degree) between stalk and 2nd leaf above the ear (at
anthesis) (ANGBN).
[0088] Color of second leaf above the ear (at anthesis) (CR2LN)
(Munsell value).
[0089] Glume color bars perpendicular to their veins (glume bands)
(GLCBN): can be described as (1) absent or (2) present.
[0090] Anther color (Munsell value) (ANTCN).
[0091] Pollen Shed (PLQUR): Can be described numerically, for
example, 1-9 (0=male sterile).
[0092] Number of leaves above the top ear node (LAERN).
[0093] Number of lateral tassel branches that originate from the
central spike (LTBRN).
[0094] Number of ears per stalk (EARPN).
[0095] Husk color (Munsell value) 25 days after 50% silk (fresh)
(HSKCN).
[0096] Husk color (Munsell value) 65 days after 50% silk: (dry)
(HSKDN).
[0097] Leaf marginal waves: Can be described numerically, for
example, 1-9 (1=none) (MLWVR).
[0098] Leaf longitudinal creases (LFLCR): Can be described
numerically, for example, 1-9 (1=none).
[0099] Length (cm) of ear leaf at the top ear node (ERLLN).
[0100] Width (cm) of ear leaf at the top ear node at the widest
point (ERLWN).
[0101] Plant height (cm) to tassel tip (PLHTN).
[0102] Plant height (cm) to the top ear node (ERHCN).
[0103] Length (cm) of the internode between the ear node and the
node above (LTEIN).
[0104] Length (cm) of the tassel from top leaf collar to tassel tip
(LTASN).
[0105] Days from 50% silk to 25% grain moisture in adapted zone
(DSGMN).
[0106] Shank length (cm) (SHLNN).
[0107] Ear length (cm) (ERLNN).
[0108] Diameter (mm) of the ear at the midpoint (ERDIN).
[0109] Weight (gm) of a husked ear (EWGTN).
[0110] Kernel rows (KRRWR): Can be described as, for example, (1)
Indistinct or (2) Distinct.
[0111] Kernel row alignment (KRNAR): Can be described as, for
example, (1) Straight; (2) Slightly Curved; or (3) Curved.
[0112] Ear taper (ETAPR): Can be described as, for example, (1)
Slight; (2) Average; or (3) Extreme.
[0113] Number of kernel rows (KRRWN).
[0114] Husk tightness 65 days after 50% silk (HSKTR): Can be
described numerically, for example, 1-9 (1=loose).
[0115] Diameter (mm) of the cob at the midpoint (COBDN).
[0116] Yield (YKGHN) (kg/ha) Kg per Hectare.
[0117] Hard endosperm color (KRCLN) (Munsell value)
[0118] Aleurone color (ALECN) (Munsell value)
[0119] Aleurone color pattern (ALCPR): Can be described, for
example, as (1) homozygous or (2) segregating.
[0120] Kernel length (mm) (KRLNN).
[0121] Kernel width (mm) (KRWDN).
[0122] Kernel thickness (mm) (KRDPN).
[0123] One hundred kernel weight (gm) (K1KHN)
[0124] Husk extension (HSKCR): Can be described as, for example,
(1) Short (ear exposed); (2) Medium (8 cm); (3) Long (8-10 cm); or
(4) Very long (>10 cm).
[0125] Percent round kernels on 13/64 slotted screen (KRPRN).
[0126] Position of ear 65 days after 50% silk (HEPSR): Can be
described as, for example, (1) Upright; (2) Horizontal; or (3)
Pendent.
[0127] Percent dropped ears 65 days after anthesis (DPOPP).
[0128] Percent root lodging 65 days after anthesis (LRTRP).
[0129] Heat units to 25% grain moisture (from emergence)
(HU25N).
[0130] Heat units from 50% silk to 25% grain moisture in adapted
zone (HUSGN).
OTHER DEFINITIONS
[0131] A, AN, THE--As used herein, "a," "an" or "the" can mean one
or more than one. For example, a cell can mean a single cell or a
multiplicity of cells.
[0132] AND/OR--As used herein, "and/or" refers to and encompasses
any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated
listed items, as well as the lack of combinations when interpreted
in the alternative (or).
[0133] ABOUT--The term "about," as used herein when referring to a
measurable value such as an amount of a compound or agent, dose,
time, temperature, and the like, is meant to encompass variations
of .+-.20%, .+-.10%, .+-.5%, .+-.1%, .+-.0.5%, or even .+-.0.1% of
the specified amount.
[0134] PLANT--The term "plant" is intended to encompass plants at
any stage of maturity or development, including a plant that has
been detasseled or from which seed or grain have been removed. A
seed or embryo that will produce the plant is also included within
the term plant.
[0135] PLANT PART--As used herein, the term "plant part" includes
but is not limited to pollen, tassels, seeds, branches, fruit,
kernels, ears, cobs, husks, stalks, root tips, anthers, stems,
roots, flowers, ovules, stamens, leaves, embryos, meristematic
regions, callus tissue, anther cultures, gametophytes, sporophytes,
microspores, protoplasts, and the like. Tissue culture of various
tissues of plants and regeneration of plants therefrom is well
known in the art. Plant cell as used herein includes plant cells
that are intact in plants and/or parts of plants, plant
protoplasts, plant tissues, plant cell tissue cultures, plant
calli, plant clumps, and the like. Further, as used herein, "plant
cell" refers to a structural and physiological unit of the plant,
which comprises a cell wall and also may refer to a protoplast. A
plant cell of the present invention can be in the form of an
isolated single cell or can be a cultured cell or can be a part of
a higher-organized unit such as, for example, a plant tissue or a
plant organ. Thus, as used herein, a "plant cell" includes, but is
not limited to, a protoplast, a gamete producing cell, and a cell
that regenerates into a whole plant.
[0136] ALLELE--Any alternative forms of sequence. Diploid cells
carry two alleles of the genetic sequence. These two sequence
alleles correspond to the same locus (i.e., position) on homologous
chromosomes.
[0137] ELITE INBRED, ELITE LINE--Maize plant that is substantially
homozygous and which contributes useful agronomic and/or phenotypic
qualities when used to produce hybrids that are commercially
acceptable.
[0138] GENE SILENCING--The loss or inhibition of the expression of
a gene.
[0139] GENOTYPE--genetic makeup.
[0140] LINKAGE--The tendency of a segment of DNA on the same
chromosome to not separate during meiosis of homologous
chromosomes. Thus during meiosis this segment of DNA remains
unbroken more often than expected by chance.
[0141] LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM--The tendency of alleles to remain in
linked groups when segregating from parents to progeny more often
than expected from chance.
[0142] LOCUS--A defined segment of DNA. This segment is often
associated with an allele position on a chromosome.
[0143] PHENOTYPE--The detectable characteristics of a maize plant.
These characteristics often are manifestations of the
genotype/environment interaction.
[0144] BACKCROSS and BACKCROSSING refer to the process whereby a
progeny plant is repeatedly crossed back to one of its parents. In
a backcrossing scheme, the "donor" parent refers to the parental
plant with the desired gene or locus to be introduced. The
"recipient" parent (used one or more times) or "recurrent" parent
(used two or more times) refers to the parental plant into which
the gene or locus is being introduced. For example, see Ragot, M.
et al. Marker-assisted Backcrossing: A Practical Example, in
Techniques et Utilisations des Marqueurs Moleculaires Les
Colloques, Vol. 72, pp. 45-56 (1995); and Openshaw et al.,
Marker-assisted Selection in Backcross Breeding, in Proceedings of
the Symposium "Analysis of Molecular Marker Data," pp. 41-43
(1994). The initial cross gives rise to the F1 generation. The term
"BC1" refers to the second use of the recurrent parent, "BC2"
refers to the third use of the recurrent parent, and so on.
[0145] CROSS or CROSSED refer to the fusion of gametes via
pollination to produce progeny (e.g., cells, seeds or plants). The
term encompasses both sexual crosses (the pollination of one plant
by another) and selfing (self-pollination, e.g., when the pollen
and ovule are from the same plant) and use of haploid inducer to
form haploid seeds. The term "crossing" refers to the act of using
gametes via pollination to produce progeny.
[0146] CULTIVAR and VARIETY refer to a group of similar plants that
by structural or genetic features and/or performance can be
distinguished from other varieties within the same species.
[0147] TRANSGENE refers to any nucleotide sequence used in the
transformation of a plant (e.g., maize), animal, or other organism.
Thus, a transgene can be a coding sequence, a non-coding sequence,
a cDNA, a gene or fragment or portion thereof, a genomic sequence,
a regulatory element and the like. A "transgenic" organism, such as
a transgenic plant, is an organism into which a transgene has been
delivered or introduced and the transgene can be expressed in the
transgenic organism to produce a product, the presence of which can
impart an effect and/or a phenotype in the organism.
[0148] INTRODUCE OR INTRODUCING (and grammatical equivalents
thereof) in the context of a plant cell, plant and/or plant part
means contacting a nucleic acid molecule with the plant, plant
part, and/or plant cell in such a manner that the nucleic acid
molecule gains access to the interior of the plant cell and/or a
cell of the plant and/or plant part i.e. transformation. It also
refers to both the natural and artificial transmission of a desired
allele, transgene, or combination of desired alleles of a genetic
locus or genetic loci, or combination of desired transgenes from
one genetic background to another. For example, a desired allele or
transgene at a specified locus can be transmitted to at least one
progeny via a sexual cross between two parents of the same species,
where at least one of the parents has the desired allele or
transgene in its genome. Alternatively, for example, transmission
of an allele or transgene can occur by recombination between two
donor genomes, e.g., in a fused protoplast, where at least one of
the donor protoplasts has the desired allele in its genome. The
desired allele may be a selected allele of a marker, a QTL, a
transgene, or the like. Offspring comprising the desired allele or
transgene can be repeatedly backcrossed to a line having a desired
genetic background and selected for the desired allele or
transgene, with the result being that the desired allele or
transgene becomes fixed in the desired genetic background.
I. Embodiments of the Invention
[0149] A. Inbred and Hybrid Production
[0150] Certain regions of the Corn Belt can have specific
difficulties related to grain production that other regions may not
have. Thus, the corn hybrids developed from inbreds should have
traits that overcome or at least minimize these regional growing
problems. Examples of these problems include Gray Leaf Spot
infection in the eastern Corn Belt, cool temperatures during
seedling emergence in the northern Corn Belt, Corn Lethal Necrosis
(CLN) disease in the Nebraska region and soil with excessively high
pH levels in the west. Hybrid combinations employ inbreds that
address these specific issues resulting in the development of
hybrids which are well adapted to niche production challenges.
However, the aim of seed producers is to provide a number of traits
to each inbred so that the corresponding hybrid combinations can be
useful across broad regions of the Corn Belt. Biotechnology
techniques offer tools, such as microsatellites, SNPs, RFLPs, RAPDs
and the like, to breeders to accomplish the goal of providing
desirable traits in inbreds.
[0151] To produce hybrids, inbreds are developed using numerous
methods, which allow for the introduction of needed traits into the
inbreds used in the hybrid combination. Hybrids are not often
uniformly adapted for use throughout the entire U.S. Corn Belt, but
most often are adapted for specific regions of the Corn Belts
because for example, northern regions of the Corn Belt require
shorter season hybrids than do southern regions. Hybrids that grow
well in Colorado and Nebraska soils may not flourish in richer
Illinois and Iowa soils. Thus, several different major agronomic
traits are important in hybrid combination for growth in the
various Corn Belt regions, and these traits have an impact on
hybrid performance.
[0152] If there is a pool of desirable maize varieties for use as
parents then development of a corn hybrid involves one step
crossing the selected maize variety with at least one different
maize variety to produce the hybrid progeny. This single crossing
step is possible because breeders have been developing inbreds from
different maize germplasm pools since the early 1900s, which can be
used in hybrid combinations. However, to keep producing better and
higher yielding hybrids, better inbreds must be developed. Inbred
development involves the step of selecting plants from various
germplasm pools, or from the same germplasm pool for making initial
breeding crosses; and then either producing haploid seed from the
cross and selfing as needed, or selfing the breeding crosses for
several generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which,
although different from each other, breed true and are highly
uniform. During plant selection in each generation, uniformity of
plant type is maintained to ensure homozygosity and phenotypic
stability. A consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity of the
inbred lines is that the hybrid between a defined pair of inbreds,
regardless of the method by which the inbreds were produced, will
always be the same.
[0153] The maize variety and seed of the present invention can be
employed to carry an agronomic package of this invention into a
hybrid. Additionally, as described herein the inbred line can
comprise one or more transgenes that are then introduced into the
hybrid seed. When the maize variety parents that give a superior
hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be reproduced
indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the maize variety
parents is maintained.
[0154] Any breeding methods using the maize variety ID6461, and its
progeny are part of this invention. Inbred development can be
accomplished by different methods, for example, pedigree selection,
backcrossing, recurrent selection, haploid/doubled haploid
production. An inbred plant with similar genetic or characteristics
to maize variety ID6461 could be produced by applying double
haploid methods to the progeny of a cross between maize inbred
ID6461 and a different plant. Double haploid methods produce
substantially homozygous plants without repeated backcrossing
steps. The haploid/doubled haploid process of developing inbreds
starts with the induction of a haploid by using, for example, KWS
inducers lines, Krasnador inducers lines, stock six inducer lines
(Coe, 1959, Am. Nat. 93:381-382). The haploid cell is then doubled,
and the doubled haploid plant is produced. In some embodiments, a
method of producing an maize plant with doubled haploid chromosomes
derived from the maize variety ID6461 the method comprising: (a)
crossing a plant, wherein said plant may have one or more traits,
with an inducer maize plant to produce a progeny with haploid
chromosomes; and (b) doubling the haploid chromosomes in the
progeny to produce a maize plant with doubled haploid chromosomes.
In some embodiments, the progeny may be for example a cell, seed,
embryo or plant. In further embodiments, the maize plant with
doubled haploid chromosomes produced by step (b) above is a maize
inbred plant with the characteristics of maize variety ID6461. In
other embodiments, the plant crossed with an inducer in step (a) is
a hybrid maize plant produced by crossing maize variety ID6461 with
a different plant.
[0155] For examples of the use of double hybrid methods, see
Prasanna et al. (eds) Doubled Haploid Technology in Maize Breeding:
Theory and Practice Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT, Barnabus et al.
"Colchicine, an efficient genome doubling agent for maize
microsporescultured in anthero", Plant Cell Reports, v. 18:858-862,
1999 or US patent application 2003/0005479. Sometimes this doubled
haploid can be used as an inbred but sometimes it is further self
pollinated to finish the inbred development. Another breeding
process is pedigree selection which uses the selection in an F2
population produced from a cross of two genotypes (often elite
inbred lines), or selection of progeny of synthetic varieties, open
pollinated, composite, or backcrossed populations. Pedigree
selection is effective for highly heritable traits but other
traits, such as yield, require replicated test crosses at a variety
of stages for accurate selection.
[0156] The maize variety and hybrid corn lines of the present
invention can be employed in a variety of breeding methods that can
be selected, depending on the mode of reproduction, the trait
and/or the condition of the germplasm. Thus, any breeding methods
using the inbred corn line ID6461 or it progeny are part of this
invention. Such methods can include, but are not limited to, marker
assisted breeding, selection, selfing, backcrossing, hybrid
production, and crosses to populations.
[0157] All plants and plant cells produced using maize variety
ID6461 are encompassed within the present invention, which also
encompasses the corn variety used in crosses with other, different,
corn varieties to produce corn hybrid seeds and hybrid plants and
the grain produced on the hybrid plant. This invention includes
progeny plants and plant cells, which upon growth and
differentiation produce corn plants having the physiological and
morphological characteristics of the maize variety ID6461 when
grown in the same environmental conditions.
[0158] Maize breeders select for a variety of traits in inbred
plants that impact hybrid performance in addition to selecting for
acceptable parental traits. Such traits include, but are not
limited, to yield potential in hybrid combination, dry down,
maturity, grain moisture at harvest, green snap, resistance to root
lodging, resistance to stalk lodging, grain quality, disease and
insect resistance, ear, and plant height. Additionally, because
hybrid performance may differ in different soil types such as those
having low levels of organic matter, clay, sand, black, high pH, or
low pH; or in different environments such as wet environments,
drought environments, and no tillage conditions multiple trials
testing for agronomic traits must be run to assert hybrid
performance across environments. These traits are governed by a
complex genetic system that makes selection and breeding of an
inbred line extremely difficult. However, even if an inbred, in
hybrid combination, has excellent yield (a desired characteristic),
it may not be useful for hybrid seed production if the inbred lacks
acceptable parental traits, for example, seed size, pollen
production, good silks, plant height, etc.
[0159] The following example is provided to illustrate the
difficulty of breeding and developing inbred lines. Two inbreds
compared for similarity of 29 traits differed significantly for 18
traits between the two lines. If 18 simply inherited single gene
traits were polymorphic with gene frequencies of 0.5 in the
parental lines, and assuming independent segregation (as would
essentially be the case if each trait resided on a different
chromosome arm), then the specific combination of these traits as
embodied in an inbred would only be expected to become fixed at a
rate of one in 262,144 possible homozygous genetic combinations.
Selection of the specific inbred combination is also influenced by
the specific selection environment on many of these 18 traits which
makes the probability of obtaining this one inbred even more
remote. In addition, most traits in the corn genome are not single
dominant genes; they are multi-genetic with additive gene action
but not dominant gene action. Thus, the general approach of
producing a non-segregating F1 generation and self pollinating to
produce an F2 generation that segregates for traits and then
selecting progeny from the F2 generation with the desired visual
traits does not easily lead to a useful inbred. Great care and
breeder expertise must be used in the selection of breeding
material to continue to increase yield and enhance desirable
agronomic features of inbreds and resultant commercial hybrids.
[0160] In one embodiment, a method of producing a plant of this
invention is by planting the seed of ID6461, which is substantially
homozygous, self-pollinating or sib pollinating the resultant plant
in isolate environment, and harvesting the resultant seed. The F1
hybrid seed can be produced using two distinct inbreds, the male
inbred contributing pollen to the female seed producing parent, the
female seed producing parent, on the other hand, is not
contributing pollen to the seed. Thus, in some embodiments, a
method is provided for producing an hybrid maize seed by crossing a
plant of maize variety ID6461 with a different maize plant (e.g., a
different inbred line), and harvesting the resultant hybrid maize
seed. A maize plant of the present invention can act as a male or
female part in hybrid production.
[0161] A method is also provided for producing maize seed
comprising growing the plant of this invention until seed is
produced and harvesting the seed, wherein the harvested seed is
inbred or hybrid or haploid seed. Plants and plant parts produced
by the seed of this method is also provided herein. Additionally,
provided herein is a method of producing hybrid seed corn from this
inbred corn line and producing hybrid plants and seeds from the
hybrid seed corn of this invention.
[0162] Thus, in some embodiments, the invention provides hybrid
seed, produced by planting, in pollinating proximity, seeds of corn
inbred line ID6461 and seeds of another inbred line. The corn
plants resulting from said planting are cultivated; emasculation of
one of the inbred lines (i.e., the selected inbred plant) and
allowing pollination to occur. Seeds produced by plants of the
selected inbred can be harvested. In further embodiments, seeds of
corn inbred line ID6461 are planted and cultivated. Alternatively,
emasculated plants are pollinated with preserved maize pollen (as
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,838 to Greaves). The seeds
produced by the inbred line ID6461 pollinated with the preserved
pollen can be harvested. The hybrid seed produced by the hybrid
combination of plants of inbred corn seed designated ID6461 and
plants of another inbred line or produced by the plants of inbred
corn seed designated ID6461 pollinated by preserved pollen are
included in the present invention. This invention further
encompasses hybrid plants and plant parts thereof including but not
limited to the grain and pollen of the plant grown from this hybrid
seed.
[0163] In two alternative embodiments, the method is provided for
producing an hybrid maize seed, the method comprising crossing a
plant of maize variety plant ID6461 with a different maize variety
(e.g., a different inbred line), wherein the pollen of the maize
variety ID6461 pollinates the different maize variety, or in the
alternative the pollen of the different maize variety pollinates
maize variety ID6461, and the resultant hybrid maize seed is
harvested.
[0164] In particular embodiments, this invention is directed to the
unique combination of traits that combine in corn line ID6461. Also
encompassed within this invention is an F1 hybrid maize seed
comprising an inbred maize plant cell of inbred maize plant
ID6461.
[0165] The invention further relates to methods for producing other
maize breeding lines derived from the corn inbred of this invention
by crossing the maize inbred plant ID6461 with a second maize plant
and growing the progeny seed to yield a inbred ID6461-derived maize
plant. Thus, in some embodiments of this invention, a method is
provided for producing a maize plant derived from the inbred plant
ID6461, the method comprising the steps of: (a) growing a hybrid
progeny plant wherein the maize variety of this invention is a
parent (b) crossing the hybrid progeny plant with itself or a
different plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant; (c) growing
the progeny plant from said seed and crossing the progeny plant
with itself or a different plant; and (d) repeating steps (c) for
an additional generation to produce a maize plant derived from the
inbred plant ID6461. The present invention also provides a maize
seed produced by crossing the plant of this invention with itself
or a different maize plant.
[0166] Thus, other aspects of this invention include a method for
developing a maize plant in a maize plant breeding program,
comprising applying plant breeding techniques comprising recurrent
selection, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, marker enhanced
selection, haploid/double haploid production, or transformation to
the maize plant of this invention, or its parts, wherein
application of said techniques results in development of a maize
plant.
[0167] B. Transfer of Additional Traits into Inbred Corn Line
ID6461
[0168] A specific location on a chromosome can be referred to as a
locus. Trait conversion refers to a variety that has been modified
such that the variety retains its physiological and morphological
characteristics except for those changed by the introduction of the
trait. Thus a variety undergoing a herbicide resistance trait
conversion will evidence the additional trait of resisting damage
by the herbicide. The variety will after trait conversion have one
or more loci with a specific desired trait. Such a variety
modification may be through mutant genes, transgenes, or native
traits. A maize line and any minor genetic modifications which may
include a trait conversion, a mutation, or a variant is a
variety.
[0169] The use of an inbred maize plant, such as the inbred of the
present invention, as a recurrent parent in a breeding program is
referred to as backcrossing. Backcrossing is often employed to
introduce an additional trait (e.g., targeted trait or trait of
interest) or trait(s), either transgenic or nontransgenic, into a
recurrent parent. A plant with a desired trait or locus is crossed
into a recurrent maize parent usually in one or more backcrosses.
If markers are employed to assist in selection of progeny that have
the desired trait and recurrent parent background genetics, then
the number of backcrosses needed to recover the recurrent parent
with the desired trait or locus can be relatively few, e.g., two or
three. However, 3, 4, 5 or more backcrosses are often required to
produce the desired inbred with the gene or locus conversion in
place. The number of backcrosses needed for a trait introduction is
often linked to the genetics of the line carrying the trait and the
recurrent parent and the genetics of the trait. Multigenic traits,
recessive alleles and unlinked traits can affect the number of
backcrosses that may be necessary to achieve the desired backcross
conversion of the inbred.
[0170] Basic maize crossing techniques, as well as other corn
breeding methods including recurrent, bulk or mass selection,
pedigree breeding, open pollination breeding, marker assisted
selection/breeding, double haploids development and selection
breeding are well known in the art (see, e.g., Hallauer, Corn and
Corn Improvement, Sprague and Dudley, 3rd Ed. 1998). Dominant,
single gene traits or traits with obvious phenotypic changes are
particularly well managed in backcrossing programs, as are well
known in the art. A backcross conversion or locus conversion both
refer to a product of a backcrossing program.
[0171] A backcrossing program is more complicated when the trait is
a recessive gene. A determination of the presence of the recessive
gene requires the use of some testing to determine if the trait has
been transferred. Use of markers to detect the gene reduces the
complexity of trait identification in the progeny. A marker
specific for a recessive trait, such as a single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP), can increase the efficiency and speed of
tracking the recessive trait within a backcrossing program.
[0172] The last backcross generation can be selfed, if necessary,
to give pure breeding progeny for the nucleic acid(s) being
transferred. The resulting plants generally have essentially all of
the morphological and physiological characteristics of the inbred
corn line of interest, in addition to the transferred trait(s)
(e.g., one or more gene traits). The exact backcrossing protocol
will depend on the trait being altered to determine an appropriate
testing protocol.
[0173] Thus, in some embodiments, one or more additional traits can
be introduced into a plant of this invention using any method known
in the art for introducing traits into plants. Nucleotide sequences
encoding traits of interest can all be located at the same genomic
locus in the donor, non-recurrent parent, and in the case of
transgenes, can be part of a single DNA construct integrated into
the donor's genome or into additional chromosomes integrated into
the donor's genome. Alternatively, if the nucleotide sequences of
interest are located at different genomic loci in the donor,
non-recurrent parent, backcrossing can be carried out to establish
all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of the
plant of the invention in addition to the nucleotide sequences
encoding the traits of interest in the resulting maize inbred
line.
[0174] Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of
introducing or introgressing at least one additional trait into the
maize inbred line ID6461, comprising the steps of: (a) crossing a
plant grown from the seed of the maize inbred line ID6461 (which is
the recurrent parent, representative seed of which has been
deposited), with a donor plant of another maize line that comprises
at least one additional trait to produce F1 plants; (b) selecting
F1 plants having the at least one additional trait to produce the
selected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing the F1 plants of (b) with
the recurrent parent to produce backcrossed progeny plants having
the at least one additional trait; (d) selecting for backcrossed
progeny plants that have at least one of the additional traits and
physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred
line of the recurrent parent to produce selected backcrossed
progeny plants; and (e) repeating the crossing of the selected
backcrossed progeny to the recurrent parent of step (c) and the
selecting of step (d) in succession to produce a plant that
comprises at least one additional trait and all of the
physiological and morphological characteristics of the maize inbred
line ID6461 when grown in the same environmental conditions (e.g.,
essentially the recurrent parent having the at least one additional
trait).
[0175] In some embodiments of this invention, the at least one
additional trait comprises the trait of male sterility, herbicide
resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance, altered starch,
modified amylase starch, amylose starch, waxy starch, or any
combination thereof. In other embodiments of this invention, the at
least one desired trait is conferred by a nucleic acid molecule
encoding an enzyme that includes, but is not limited to, a phytase,
a stearyl-ACP desaturase, a fructosyltransferase, a levansucrase,
an amylase, an invertase, a starch branching enzyme, or any
combination thereof.
[0176] In some embodiments, the selecting and crossing steps of (e)
are repeated at least 3 times in order to produce a plant that
comprises the at least one desired trait and all of the
physiological and morphological characteristics of the maize inbred
line of the recurrent parent in the present invention (listed in
Table 1) when grown under the same environmental conditions (as
determined at the 5% significance level). In other embodiments, the
selecting and crossing steps of (e) are repeated from 0 to 2 times,
from 0 to 3 times, from 0 to 4 times, 0 to 5 times, from 0 to 6
times, from 0 to 7 times, from 0 to 8 times, from 0 to 9 times or
from 0 to 10 times, in order to produce a plant that comprises the
at least one additional trait and all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics of the maize inbred line of the
recurrent parent in the present invention. In other embodiments,
the crossing and growing steps of (a) and (b) in step (c) are
repeated from 0 to n times (wherein n can be any number) in order
to produce a plant that comprises the at least one additional trait
and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of
the maize inbred line of the recurrent parent in the present
invention.
[0177] The method of introducing traits as described herein can be
done with fewer back crossing events if the trait and/or the
genotype of the present invention is selected for or identified
through the use of markers. SSR, microsatellites, single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) and the like decrease the amount of breeding
time required to locate a line with the desired trait or traits and
the characteristics of the present invention. Backcrossing in two
or even three traits (for example the glyphosate resistance, Europe
corn borer resistance, corn rootworm resistance) is routinely done
with the use of marker assisted breeding techniques and or
selection pressure testing. Introduction of transgenes or mutations
into a maize line is known as single gene conversion. More than one
gene and, in particular, transgenes and/or mutations that are
readily tracked with markers, can be moved during the same "single
gene conversion" process. This single gene conversion process
results in a line comprising more desired or targeted traits than
just the one but still having the characteristics of the plant line
of the present invention plus those characteristics added by the
desired/targeted traits.
[0178] Genetic variants of inbred corn line ID6461 that are
naturally-occurring or created through traditional breeding methods
using inbred corn line ID6461 are also intended to be within the
scope of this invention. In particular embodiments, the invention
encompasses plants of this invention and parts thereof further
comprising one or more additional traits, in particular, specific,
single gene transferred traits. Examples of traits that may be
transferred include, but are not limited to, herbicide resistance,
disease resistance (e.g., bacterial, fungal or viral disease),
nematode resistance, tolerance to abiotic stresses (e.g., drought,
temperature, salinity), yield enhancement, improved nutritional
quality (e.g., oil starch and protein content or quality), modified
metabolism (e.g. protein, carbohydrates, starch, amylase,) altered
reproductive capability (e.g., male sterility) or other
agronomically important traits.
[0179] Such traits may be introduced into a plant of this invention
from another corn line or through direct transformed into a plant
of this invention (discussed below). One or more new traits can be
transferred to a plant of this invention, or, alternatively, one or
more traits of a plant of this invention are altered or
substituted. The introduction of the trait(s) into a plant of this
invention may be achieved by any method of plant breeding known in
the art, for example, pedigree breeding, backcrossing,
doubled-haploid breeding, and the like.
[0180] C. Nucleic Acids for Introduction into Maize Plants of the
Present Invention
[0181] As would be appreciated by one of skill in the art, any
nucleotide sequence of interest can be introduced into the plants
and/or parts thereof of the present invention. Some exemplary
nucleotide sequences and traits that may be used with the present
invention are provided herein.
[0182] Methods and techniques for introducing and/or introgressing
a trait or nucleotide sequence into a plant of the present
invention through breeding, transformation, site specific
insertion, mutation and the like, are well known and understood by
those of ordinary skill in the art. Nonlimiting examples of such
techniques include, but are not limited to, anther culturing,
haploid/double haploid production, (including, but not limited to,
stock six, which is a breeding/selection method using color
markers), transformation, irradiation to produce mutations, and
chemical or biological mutation agents.
[0183] 1. Male Sterility
[0184] As described herein, the inbred and hybrid lines plants of
this invention can comprise male sterility. Male sterility and/or
CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) systems for maize parallel the CMS
type systems, were first used in maize in the seventies but were to
widely embraced; however, CMS has have been routinely used in
hybrid production in sunflower plants. A number of methods are
available to generate male sterile plants including, but not
limited to, introduction into the plant of nucleotide sequences
that confer male sterility, by chemicals, and/or by a mixture of
nucleotide sequences conferring male sterility, natural or induced
sterility mutations, and/or chemicals.
[0185] As described herein, the inbred and hybrid plants of this
invention can comprise the trait of male sterility. Male sterility
is useful, for example, in hybrid production for elimination of
pollen shed from the seed producing parent. Sterility can be
produced by pulling or cutting tassels from the plant, i.e.,
detasseling, use of gametocides, or use of genetic material to
render the plant sterile using a CMS type of genetic control or a
nuclear genetic sterility, use of chemicals, for example herbicides
that inhibit or kill pollen. The seed producing parent can be grown
in isolation from other pollen sources except for the pollen source
which is the male fertile inbred, which serves as the male parent
in the hybrid. To facilitate pollination of the seed producing
(female) parent, the male fertile inbreds can be planted in rows
near the male sterile (female) inbred.
[0186] In hybrid seed production using the standard CMS system,
three different maize lines are employed. The first line is
cytoplasmic male-sterile. This line will be the seed producing
parent line. The second line is a fertile inbred that is the same
as or isogenic with the seed producing inbred parent but lacking
the trait of male sterility. This is a maintainer line used to make
new inbred seed of the seed producing male sterile parent. The
third line is a different inbred which is fertile, has normal
cytoplasm and carries a fertility restoring gene. This line is
called the restorer line in the CMS system. The CMS cytoplasm is
inherited from the maternal parent (or the seed producing plant);
therefore in order for the hybrid seed produced on such a plant to
be fertile, the pollen used to fertilize this plant must carry the
restorer gene. The positive aspect of this process is that it
allows hybrid seed to be produced without the need for detasseling
the seed parent. However, this system does require breeding of all
three types of lines: 1) a male sterile line-to carry the CMS, 2) a
maintainer line; and 3) a line carrying the fertility restorer
gene.
[0187] Accordingly, in some embodiments of the present invention,
sterile hybrids are produced and the pollen necessary for the
formation of grain on these hybrids is supplied by interplanting of
fertile inbreds in the field with the sterile hybrids.
[0188] A number of additional techniques exist that are designed to
avoid detasseling in maize hybrid production. Nonlimiting examples
of such techniques include switchable male sterility, lethal genes
in the pollen or anther, inducible male sterility and/or male
sterility genes with chemical restorers. Additional examples
include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. No. 6,025,546, which
describes the use of tapetum-specific promoters and the barnase
gene to produce male sterility, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,799, which
describes modifying stamen cells to provide male sterility.
Therefore, one aspect of the present invention provides a corn
plant of this invention comprising one or more nucleotide sequences
that restore male fertility to male-sterile maize inbreds or
hybrids and/or one or more nucleotide sequences or traits to
produce male sterility in maize inbreds or hybrids.
[0189] Furthermore, methods for genetic male sterility are
disclosed in EPO Publication No. 89/3010153.8, PCT Publication No.
WO 90/08828 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,654,465, 4,727,219, 3,861,709,
5,432,068 and 3,710,511. Gametocides, some of which are taught in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,649 (incorporated by reference) can be employed
to make the plant male sterile. Gametocides, including, but not
limited to, glyphosate, and its derivatives are chemicals or
substances that negatively affect the pollen or at least the
fertility of the pollen and provide male sterility to the seed
producing parent.
[0190] It is noted that hybrid production employing any most forms
of male sterility including mechanical emasculation can have a
small occurrence of self pollinated female inbred seeds along with
the intended F1 hybrid seeds. Great measures are taken to avoid the
inbred seed production in a hybrid seed production field; but
inbred seed can occur during F1 seed production and it gets
harvested with the hybrid seed harvest.
[0191] Inbred seed in a sample of hybrid seed may be detected using
molecular markers. Alternatively, the seed sample can be planted
and an inbred capture process can be used to isolate inbred seed
from the hybrid F1 seed sources. The inbred plants tend to be
readily distinguished from the hybrid plants due to the inbreds
having a stunted appearance, i.e., shorter plant, smaller ear, etc.
Self pollination of the stunted plants grown from these identified
putative inbred plants produces either the female inbred seed, if
it was an inbred plant or if it was a weak hybrid than the hybrid
kernel will be F2 seed. The resultant plants are observed for size
or they can be tested by markers to identify any inbred plants. The
identified inbred plants can be selected and self-pollinated to
form the inbred seed.
[0192] 2. Additional Traits of Interest
[0193] As discussed above, backcrossing of recessive traits has
allowed known mutant traits to be moved into elite germplasm.
Mutations can be introduced in germplasm by the plant breeder.
Mutations can also result from plant or seed or pollen exposure to
temperature alterations, culturing, radiation in various forms,
chemical mutagens like EMS and like, as are well known in the art.
Non-limiting examples of mutant genes that have been identified and
introduced into elite maize useful with this invention include the
genotypes numerous sterility and partial sterility genes, herbicide
resistant mutants, phytic acid mutants, waxy (wx), amylose extender
(ae), dull (du), horny (h), shrunken (sh), brittle (bt), floury
(fl), opaque (o), and sugary (su). Some of the bracketed
nomenclature for these mutant genes is based on the effect these
mutant genes have on the physical appearance and phenotype of the
kernel.
[0194] Additional mutations useful with this invention include, but
are not limited to, those that result in the production of starch
with markedly different functional properties even though the
phenotypes of the seed and plant remain the same. Such genotypes
include, but are not limited to, sugary-1 (su1), sugary-2 (su2);
shrunken 1 (sh1) and shrunken 2 (sh2).
[0195] Additional, exemplary nucleic acid molecules that can be
introduced into a plant of the present invention include, but are
not limited to, nucleotide sequences that confer insect resistance
including, but not limited to, resistance to Corn Rootworm in the
event DAS-59122-7, Mir604 Modified Cry3A event, Event 5307
Syngenta, MON 89034, MON 88017 Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry genes)
Cry34/35Ab1, Cry1A.105, Cry1F, Cry2Ab2, Cry1A, Cry1AB, Cry1Ac
Cry3Bb1, or any combination thereof. Thus, for example, in some
embodiments, an insecticidal gene that can be introduced into a
plant of the present invention is a Cry1Ab gene or a portion
thereof, for example, introduced into a plant of the present
invention from a maize line comprising a Bt-11 event as described
in U.S. Pat. No. 6,114,608, (incorporated herein by reference) or
from a maize line comprising a 176 Bt event as described in Koziel
et al. (Biotechnology 11: 194-200 (1993)).
[0196] In other embodiments of this invention, nucleotide sequences
that confer disease resistance are introduced and/or transformed
into the inbred line. Non-limiting examples of such nucleotide
sequences include, but are not limited to, a nucleotide sequence
encoding Mosaic virus resistance, a nucleotide sequence encoding an
MDMV strain B coat protein whose expression confers resistance to
mixed infections of maize dwarf mosaic virus and maize chlorotic
mottle virus (Murry et al. Biotechnology (1993) 11:1559-64, a
nucleotide sequence conferring resistance to Northern corn leaf
blight, and a nucleotide sequence conferring resistance to Southern
corn leaf blight, or any combination thereof.
[0197] In additional embodiments, nucleotide sequences that confer
herbicide resistance/tolerance are useful with the present
invention, non-limiting examples of which comprise nucleotide
sequences conferring resistance to herbicides for example
imazethapyr, glyphosate, dicamba, and the like, and nucleotide
sequences encoding Pat (phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase), Bar
(bialophos), altered acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) (confers
tolerance to various imidazolinone or sulfonamide herbicides) (U.S.
Pat. No. 4,761,373), or any combination thereof.
[0198] Additional, non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences
conferring herbicide resistance/tolerance that are useful with the
present invention, include nucleotide sequences conferring
tolerance to imidazolinones (e.g., a "IT" or "IR" trait). U.S. Pat.
No. 4,975,374 (incorporated herein by reference), relates to plant
cells and plants containing a gene encoding a mutant glutamine
synthetase (GS) having resistance to inhibition by herbicides that
are known to inhibit GS, e.g., phosphinothricin and methionine
sulfoximine. Also, expression of a Streptomyces bar gene encoding a
phosphinothricin acetyl transferase in maize plants confers
tolerance to the herbicide phosphinothricin or glufosinate (U.S.
Pat. No. 5,489,520). U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659, (incorporated herein
by reference), is directed to plants that express a mutant
acetolactate synthase (ALS) that renders the plants resistant to
inhibition by sulfonylurea herbicides. U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,602
discloses nucleotide sequences that confer resistance to
cyclohexanedione and aryloxyphenoxypropanoic acid herbicides. The
tolerance is conferred by an altered acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase
(ACCase). U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,798 discloses transgenic glyphosate
tolerant maize plants, which tolerance is conferred by an altered
5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate (EPSP) synthase gene. U.S. Pat.
No. 5,804,425 discloses transgenic glyphosate tolerant maize
plants, which tolerance is conferred by an EPSP synthase gene
derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP-4 strain. Also, tolerance
to a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor is achieved by expression
of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase enzyme in plants as disclosed in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,767,373, 6,282,837, or WO 01/12825. Another trait
transferable to the plant of the present invention confers a safety
effect or additional tolerance to an inhibitor of the enzyme
hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and transgenes conferring
such trait are, for example, described in PCT Publication Nos. WO
9638567, WO 9802562, WO 9923886, WO 9925842, WO 9749816, WO 9804685
and WO 9904021. Any of the above described nucleotide sequences
identified to confer herbicide resistance/tolerance can be used to
confer such resistance/tolerance to the plants of the present
invention. These nucleotide sequences can be introduced or
transformed into the plants of the present invention alone or in
any thereof.
[0199] Additional embodiments of this present invention include
nucleotide sequences conferring altered traits. Such altered traits
include, but are not limited to, lignin composition and production
(including but not limited to nucleotide sequences conferring the
brown mid-rib trait), flowering, senescence, and the like, or any
combination thereof.
[0200] The present invention also encompasses methods for the
introduction into a plant of this invention, one or more traits
that have an effect on products or by-products of the corn plant
such as the sugars, oils, protein, ethanol, biomass and the like.
Such traits can include those that result in the formation of an
altered carbohydrate or altered starch. An altered carbohydrate or
altered starch can be formed as a result of expression of one or
more introduced nucleotide sequences that affect synthases,
branching enzymes, pullanases, debranching enzymes, isoamylases,
alpha amylases, beta amylases, AGP, ADP and other enzymes which
affect amylose and/or amylopectin ratio or content, or the
branching pattern of starch.
[0201] Introduced fatty acid modifying nucleotide sequences can
also affect starch content and therefore can be employed in the
methods and plants of this invention. Additionally, introduced
nucleotide sequences that are associated with or affect starch and
carbohydrates can be adapted so that the nucleotide sequence or its
enzyme product does not necessarily alter the form or formation of
the starch or carbohydrate of the seed or plant but instead the
introduced nucleotide sequence or its RNA, polypeptide, protein or
enzyme can be adapted to degrade, alter, or otherwise change the
formed starch or carbohydrate. Examples of this technology are
shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,033,627, 5,714,474,
5,543,570, 5,705,375, 7,102,057, each of which are incorporated by
reference. An example of the use of an alpha amylase adapted in
this manner in maize is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,407,677, the
content of which is also incorporated herein by reference.
[0202] By way of example only, specific events (followed by their
APHIS petition numbers) that can be introduced into maize plants by
backcross breeding techniques include Monsanto's Drought
Tolerant/MON 87460 (09-055-01p); Male Sterile, Fertility Restored,
Visual Marker/DP-32138-1 (08-338-01p); (07-253-01p) Syngenta
Lepidopteran Resistant/MIR 162; (07-152-01p) Pioneer's Corn
Glyphosate & Imidazolinone Tolerant/98140; (04-362-01p)
Syngenta Corn Corn Rootworm Protected/MIR604; (04-229-01p) Monsanto
Corn High Lysine/LY038; 04-125-01p Monsanto Corn Corn Rootworm
Resistant/MON 88017; 03-353-01p Dow Corn Corn Rootworm
Resistant/59122; (03-181-01p) Dow Corn Lepidopteran Resistant &
Phosphinothricin Tolerant/6275; (01-137-01p) Monsanto Corn Corn
Rootworm Resistant/MON 863; (00-136-01p) Mycogen do Dow &
Pioneer Corn Lepidopteran Resistant Phosphinothricin Tolerant/1507;
(97-099-01p) Monsanto Corn Glyphosate Tolerant/NK603; (98-349-01p)
AgrEvo Corn Phosphinothricin Tolerant and Male Sterile/MS6;
(97-342-01p) Pioneer Corn Male Sterile and Phosphinothricin
Tolerant/676, 678, 680; (97-265-01p) AgrEvo Corn Phosphinothricin
Tolerant and Lepidopteran Resistant/CBH-351; (96-017-01p) Monsanto
Corn European Corn Borer Resistant/MON 809, MON 810; (09-233-01p)
Dow Corn 2,4-D and ACCase-Inhibitor Tolerant/DAS-40278-9;
(11-244-01p) Pioneer Corn Insect Resistant and Glufosinate
Tolerant/DP-004114-3; (10-336-01p) Syngenta Corn Rootworm
Resistant/5307; (10-281-01p) Monsanto Corn Male Sterile/MON 87427;
(11-342-01p) Genective Corn Glyphosate Tolerant/VCO-O1981-5;
glyphosate tolerant event GA21 (97-09901p), the glyphosate tolerant
event NK603 (00-011-01p), the glyphosate tolerant/Lepidopteran
insect resistant event MON 802 (96-31701p) Mon810, the Lepidopteran
insect resistant event DBT418 (96-29101p), the male sterile event
MS3 (95-22801p), the Lepidopteran insect resistant event Bt11
(95-19501p), the phosphinothricin tolerant event B16 (95-14501p),
the Lepidopteran insect resistant events MON 80100 (95-09301p) and
MON 863 (01-137-01p), the phosphinothricin tolerant events T14, T25
(94-35701p), the Lepidopteran insect resistant event 176
(94-31901p), Western corn rootworm (04-362-01p), the
phosphinothricin tolerant and Lepidopteran insect resistant event
CBH-351 (92-265-01p), the transgenic corn event designated 3272
(05-280-01p) Syngenta's Corn Thermostable Alpha-amylase/3272 as
described in US Patent Publication No. 20060230473 (hereby
incorporated by reference) and the like, or any combination
thereof. Additionally, the genes, promoters, transit peptides,
targeting sequence and other genetic material used to form these
various transgenic events can be used in to form a new transgene,
promoter, targeting, etc. or to configure a synthetic gene for use
in transformation, and after this genetic material is transformed
into a line, which is stable. The new event can be backcrossed into
germplasm of the present invention.
[0203] In some embodiments, a combination of traits can be
transformed or introduced into the plants of the present invention.
This in some embodiments, a transgene can be introduced into a
plant of a present invention which comprises a nucleotide sequence
conferring tolerance to a herbicide and at least another nucleotide
sequence encoding another trait, such as for example, an
insecticidal protein. Such a combination of single traits can be,
for example, a Cry1Ab gene and a bar gene. The introduction of a
Bt11 event into a maize line, such as the line of the present
invention, by backcrossing is exemplified in U.S. Pat. No.
6,114,608, and the present invention includes methods of
introducing a Bt11 event into a plant of the present invention and
to progeny thereof using, e.g., markers as described in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,114,608.
[0204] D. Transformation of Corn Inbred ID6461 Plants and/or Parts
Thereof
[0205] The term transgenic plant refers to a plant having one or
more genetic sequences that are introduced into the genome of a
plant by a transformation method and the progeny thereof. With the
advent of molecular biological techniques that have allowed the
isolation and characterization of nucleic acids that encode
specific protein products, scientists in the field of plant biology
developed a strong interest in engineering the genome of plants to
contain and express foreign nucleic acids, or additional, or
modified versions of native or endogenous nucleic acids (perhaps
driven by different promoters) in order to alter the traits of a
plant in a specific manner. Such foreign, additional and/or
modified nucleic acids are referred to herein collectively as
"transgenes." The term "transgene," as used herein, is not
necessarily intended to indicate that the foreign nucleic acid is
from a different plant species. For example, the transgene may be a
particular allele derived from another corn line or may be an
additional copy of an endogenous gene. Over the last twenty to
twenty-five years several methods for producing transgenic plants
have been developed. Therefore, in particular embodiments, the
present invention also encompasses transformed plants and/or parts
thereof (e.g., cells, seeds, anthers, ovules, and the like) of
inbred corn line ID6461.
[0206] Transformation methods are techniques for integrating new
nucleotide sequence(s) into the genome of a plant by recombinant
nucleic acid technology, rather than by standard breeding
practices. However, once a transgene is introduced into plant
material and stably integrated, standard breeding practices can be
used to move the transgene into other germplasm.
[0207] Plant transformation generally involves the construction of
an expression vector that will function in plant cells. Such a
vector comprises DNA or RNA comprising a nucleic acid under control
of, or operatively linked to, a regulatory element (for example, a
promoter). The expression vector may contain one or more such
operably linked nucleic acid/regulatory element combinations. The
vector(s) may be in the form of, for example, a plasmid or a virus,
and can be used, alone or in combination with other vectors, to
provide transformed maize plants, using transformation methods as
described below to incorporate transgenes into the genetic material
of the maize plant(s).
[0208] Any transgene(s) known in the art may be introduced into a
maize plant, tissue, cell or protoplast according to the present
invention, e.g., to improve commercial or agronomic traits,
herbicide resistance, disease resistance (e.g., to a bacterial
fungal or viral disease), insect resistance, nematode resistance,
yield enhancement, nutritional quality (e.g., oil starch and
protein content or quality), altered reproductive capability (e.g.,
male sterility), and the like or any combination thereof.
Alternatively, a transgene may be introduced for the production of
recombinant proteins (e.g., enzymes) or metabolites.
[0209] A recombinant nucleic acid molecule of the invention can be
introduced into a plant cell in a number of art-recognized ways.
Suitable methods of transforming plant cells include microinjection
(Crossway et al. BioTechniques 4:320-334 (1986)), electroporation
(Riggs et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5602-5606 (1986)),
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (Hinchee et al. Biotechnology
6:915-921 (1988)), direct gene transfer (Paszkowski et al. EMBO J.
3:2717-2722 (1984)), ballistic particle acceleration using devices
available, e.g., from Agracetus, Inc., Madison, Wis. and Dupont,
Inc., Wilmington, Del. (see, for example, Sanford et al., U.S. Pat.
No. 4,945,050; and McCabe et al. Biotechnology 6:923-926 (1988)),
protoplast transformation/regeneration methods (see U.S. Pat. No.
5,350,689, issued Sep. 27, 1994 to Ciba-Geigy Corp.), Whiskers
technology (See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,464,765 and 5,302,523) and pollen
transformation (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,629,183). See also Weissinger
et al. Annual Rev. Genet. 22:421-477 (1988); Sanford et al.
Particulate Science and Technology 5:27-37 (1987)(onion); Christou
et al. Plant Physiol. 87:671-674 (1988)(soybean); McCabe et al.
Bio/Technology 6:923-926 (1988)(soybean); Datta et al.
Bio/Technology 8:736-740 (1990)(rice); Klein et al. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 85:4305-4309 (1988)(maize); Klein et al.
Bio/Technology 6:559-563 (1988)(maize); Klein et al. Plant Physiol.
91:440-444 (1988)(maize); Fromm et al., Bio/Technology 8:833-839
(1990); Gordon-Kamm et al. Plant Cell 2:603-618 (1990) (maize); and
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,591,616 and 5,679,558 (rice).
[0210] A vector or nucleic acid construct of this invention can
comprise leader sequences, transit polypeptides, promoters,
terminators, genes or nucleotide sequences of interest, introns,
nucleotide sequences encoding genetic markers, etc., and any
combination thereof. The nucleotide sequence(s) of the vector or
nucleic acid construct can be in sense, antisense, partial
antisense, or partial sense orientation in any combination and
multiple gene or nucleotide sequence copies can be used. The
transgene or nucleotide sequence can come from a plant as well as
from a non-plant source (e.g., bacteria, yeast, animals, and
viruses)
[0211] A vector or nucleic acid construct comprising a transgene
that is to be introduced into a plant of this invention can
comprise the transgene and/or encoding nucleotide sequence under
the control of a promoter appropriate for the expression of the
transgene and/or nucleotide sequence at the desired time and/or in
the desired tissue or part of the plant. Constitutive or inducible
promoters can be used, as are well known in the art. The vector or
nucleic acid construct carrying the transgene and/or encoding
nucleotide sequence can also comprise other regulatory elements
such as, e.g., translation enhancers or termination signals. In
some embodiments, the transgene or encoding nucleotide sequence is
transcribed and translated into a protein. In other embodiments,
the vector or nucleic acid construct can comprise a nucleotide
sequence that encodes an antisense RNA, a sense RNA that is not
translated or only partially translated, a mRNA, a tRNA, a rRNA
and/or a snRNA, as are well known in the art.
[0212] E. Plant Tissue Culture and Regeneration
[0213] Plant cells, which have been transformed by any method known
in the art, can also be regenerated to produce intact plants using
known techniques. Plant regeneration from cultured protoplasts is
described in Evans et al., Handbook of Plant Cell Cultures, Vol. 1:
(MacMilan Publishing Co. New York, 1983); and Vasil I. R. (ed.),
Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Acad. Press,
Orlando, Vol. I, 1984, and Vol. II, 1986). It is known that
practically all plants can be regenerated from cultured cells or
tissues.
[0214] Means for regeneration vary from species to species of
plants, but generally a suspension of transformed protoplasts or a
petri plate containing transformed explants is first provided.
Callus tissue is formed and shoots may be induced from callus and
subsequently root. Alternatively, somatic embryo formation can be
induced in the callus tissue. These somatic embryos germinate as
natural embryos to form plants. The culture media will generally
contain various amino acids and plant hormones, such as auxin and
cytokinins. A large number of plants have been shown capable of
regeneration from transformed individual cells to obtain transgenic
whole plants. Patents and patent publications cited as exemplary
for the processes for transforming plant cells and regenerating
plants are the following: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,459,355, 4,536,475,
5,464,763, 5,177,010, 5,187,073, 4,945,050, 5,036,006, 5,100,792,
5,371,014, 5,478,744, 5,179,022, 5,565,346, 5,484,956, 5,508,468,
5,538,877, 5,554,798, 5,489,520, 5,510,318, 5,204,253 and
5,405,765; European Patent Nos. EP 267,159, EP 604 662, EP 672 752,
EP 442 174, EP 486 233, EP 486 234, EP 539 563 and EP 674 725, and
PCT Publication Nos. WO 91/02071 and WO 95/06128.
[0215] The use of pollen, cotyledons, zygotic embryos, meristems
and ovum as the target tissue for transformation can eliminate or
minimize the need for extensive tissue culture work. Generally,
cells derived from meristematic tissue are useful. The method of
transformation of meristematic cells of cereal is taught in PCT
Publication No. WO96/04392. Any number of various cell lines,
tissues, calli and plant parts can and have been transformed by
those having knowledge in the art. Methods of preparing callus or
protoplasts from various plants are well known in the art. Cultures
can be initiated from most of the above-identified tissues. The
only requirement of the plant material to be transformed is that it
can ultimately be used to produce a transformed plant.
[0216] In Duncan et al. (Planta 165:322-332 (1985)) studies were
conducted that demonstrated that 97% of plants cultured that
produced callus were capable of plant regeneration. Subsequent
experiments with both inbreds and hybrids showed that 91% appeared
capable of producing regenerable callus. In a further study
(Songstad et al. Plant Cell Reports 7:262-265 (1988)), several
media additions were identified that enhanced regenerability of
callus of two inbred lines. Other published reports indicated that
"nontraditional" tissues are capable of producing somatic
embryogenesis and plant regeneration. Rao et al. (Maize Genetics
Cooperation Newsletter 60:64-65 (1986)) describes somatic
embryogenesis from glume callus cultures and Conger et al. (Plant
Cell Reports 6:345-347 (1987)) describes somatic embryogenesis from
the tissue cultures of maize leaf segments. Thus, it is clear from
the literature that the state of the art is such that these methods
of obtaining plants from callus are, and were, "conventional" in
the sense that they are routinely used and have a very high rate of
success.
[0217] Tissue culture procedures of maize are described in Green
and Rhodes ("Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize" in
Maize for Biological Research (Plant Molecular Biology Association,
Charlottesville, Va. at 367 372 (1987)) and in Duncan, et al. ("The
Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature
Embryos of Numerous Zea mays Genotypes" Planta 165: 322-332
(1985)). Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells
that upon growth and differentiation produce maize plants having
the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plants
of the present invention.
[0218] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the present invention
provides a tissue culture of regenerable cells of ID6461, wherein
the cells of the tissue culture regenerate plants that express the
genotype of ID6461. The tissue culture can be but is not limited to
tissue culture derived from leaf, pollen, embryo, root, root tip,
guard cell, ovule, seed, anther, silk, flower, kernel, ear, cob,
husk and stalk, cell and protoplast thereof. In some aspects of
this invention, additionally provided is a tissue culture of
regenerable cells of hybrid plants produced from ID6461 germplasm.
A corn plant regenerated from ID6461 or any part thereof is also
included in the present invention. The present invention
additionally provides regenerated corn plants that express the
genotype of ID6461 and/or manifest its phenotype, as well as
mutants and/or variants thereof.
[0219] F. Transgenic Plants and/or Parts Thereof of Inbred Corn
Line ID6461
[0220] The inbred corn line ID6461 comprising at least one
transgene adapted to give ID6461 additional and/or altered
phenotypic traits is a further aspect of the invention. Such
transgenes are often associated with regulatory elements
(promoters, enhancers, terminators and the like). As described
above, transgenes that can be incorporated into a plant of this
invention include, but are not limited to, insect resistance,
herbicide resistance, disease resistance, increased or decreased
starch or sugars or oils, lengthened or shortened life cycle or
other altered trait, in any combination.
[0221] In some embodiments, the present invention provides inbred
corn line ID6461 expressing at least one transgene or nucleotide
sequence adapted to give ID6461 modified starch traits. Further
provided is the inbred corn line ID6461 expressing at least one
mutant gene adapted to give modified starch, fatty acid or oil
traits, i.e., amylase, waxy, amylose extender or amylose.
[0222] The present invention additionally provides the inbred corn
line ID6461 and at least one transgenic gene, which can be, but is
not limited to, a nucleotide sequence or a synthetic sequence
encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, a nucleotide sequence
encoding phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (e.g., bar or pat), a
nucleotide sequence encoding Gdha, a nucleotide sequence encoding
GOX, a nucleotide sequence encoding VIP (vegetative insect
protein), a nucleotide sequence encoding a phosphomannose
isomerase, nucleotide sequence encoding a FR8a (the active
insecticidal principle), a nucleotide sequence encoding EPSP
synthase, a nucleotide sequence encoding for low phytic acid
production, or a nucleotide sequence encoding zein, and any
combination thereof. In further embodiments, the present invention
provides the inbred corn line ID6461 expressing at least one
transgenic gene useful as a selectable marker or a screenable
marker, as are well known in the art.
[0223] G. Genotyping and Genetic Marker Profiles
[0224] A number of well known methods can be employed to identify
the genotype of a maize plant. One of the oldest methods is the use
of isozymes, which provides a generalized footprint of the genetic
material. Other approaches adapted to provide a higher definition
profile include restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs),
amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), random amplified
polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplification methods such as the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which can employ different types
of primers or probes, microsatellites (SSRs), single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs), sequence selection markers, etc. as are well
known in the art and can be found in standard textbooks such as
Breeding Field Crops, Milton et. al. Iowa State University Press
and Genetic Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection: Basics, Practice
and Benefits, N. Manikanda Boopathi Springer India 2013.
[0225] The marker profile of the inbred of this invention should be
close to homozygous for alleles. A marker profile produced with any
of the locus identifying systems known in the industry will
identify a particular allele at a particular locus. An F1 hybrid
made from the inbred of this invention will comprise a marker
profile of the sum of both of the profiles of its inbred parents.
At each locus, the allele for the inbred of the present invention
and the allele for the other inbred parent should be present. Thus
the profile of the inbred of the present invention allows for
identification of hybrids as containing the inbred parent of the
present invention. To identify the female portion of any hybrid,
the hybrid seed material from the pericarp, which is maternally
inherited, is employed in a marker technique. The resultant
profile, therefore, is of the maternal parent. A comparison of this
maternal profile with the hybrid profile will allow the
identification of the paternal profile. Accordingly, some
embodiments of the present invention provide an inbred or hybrid
plant, plant part thereof, including but not limited to a seed or
an embryo, and/or a cell thereof having the allele marker profile
of the inbred plant of the this invention, ID6461.
[0226] Marker profiles of plants of this invention can be employed
to identify essentially derived varieties or progeny developed with
the inbred in its ancestry. The progeny of the inbred line of this
invention, ID6461, can be identified by identifying in the progeny
the molecular marker profile of the inbred line ID6461, as measured
by either percent identity or percent similarity.
[0227] Different nucleotide sequences or polypeptide sequences
having homology are referred to herein as "homologues." The term
homologue includes homologous sequences from the same and other
species and orthologous sequences from the same and other species.
"Homology" refers to the level of similarity between two or more
nucleotide sequences and/or amino acid sequences in terms of
percent of positional identity (i.e., sequence similarity or
identity). Therefore, as used herein "sequence identity" refers to
the extent to which two optimally aligned polynucleotide or
polypeptide sequences are invariant throughout a window of
alignment of components, e.g., nucleotides or amino acids.
"Identity" can be readily calculated by known methods including,
but not limited to, those described in: Computational Molecular
Biology (Lesk, A. M., ed.) Oxford University Press, New York
(1988); Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects (Smith, D.
W., ed.) Academic Press, New York (1993); Computer Analysis of
Sequence Data, Part I (Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H. G., eds.)
Humana Press, New Jersey (1994); Sequence Analysis in Molecular
Biology (von Heinje, G., ed.) Academic Press (1987); and Sequence
Analysis Primer (Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds.) Stockton
Press, New York (1991).
[0228] As described herein, marker systems are not just useful for
identification of the plants of this invention, but can also be
used for breeding and trait conversion techniques. Polymorphisms in
maize permit the use of markers for linkage analysis. If SSR are
employed with flanking primers, the marker profile can be developed
with PCR, and therefore Southern blots can often be eliminated. Use
of flanking markers, PCR and amplification to genotype maize is
well known in the art. Primer sequences for SSR markers and maize
genome mapping information are publicly available on the USDA
website at the Maize Genomics and Genetic Database (Maize GDB).
[0229] H. Production of Treated Seed
[0230] The present invention encompasses a method of producing
treated hybrid or inbred seed of the plants of the present
invention and the resultant treated seed. The method includes
obtaining seed and treating the seed to improve its performance.
Hybrid and inbred seed is often treated with one or more of the
following including, but not limited to, fungicides, herbicides,
herbicidal safeners, fertilizers, insecticides, acaricides,
nematocides, bactericides, virus resistant material and/or other
biocontrol agents. Pyrethrins, synthetic pyrethroids, oxadizine
derivatives, chloronicotinyls, nitroguanidine derivatives and
triazoles, organophosphates, pyrrols, pyrazoles, phenyl pyrazoles,
diacylhydrazines, biological/fermentation products, carbamates and
the like are used as pesticidal seed treatments. Additionally,
fludioxonil, mefenoxam, azoxystrobin, thiamethoxam, clothianidin
and the like are frequently used to treat maize seed. Methods for
treating seed include but are not limited to the use of a fluidized
bed, a roller mill, a rotostatic seed treater. a drum coaster,
misting, soaking, filming coating and the like, in any combination.
These methods of seed treatment are well known in the industry.
[0231] I. Maize as Human Food and Livestock Feed
[0232] Maize is used as human food, livestock feed and as raw
material in industry. Sweet corn kernels having a relative moisture
of approximately 72% are consumed by humans and may be processed by
canning or freezing. The food uses of maize, in addition to human
consumption of maize kernels, include both products of dry- and
wet-milling industries. The principal products of maize dry milling
are grits, meal and flour. The maize wet-milling industry can
provide maize starch, maize syrups and dextrose for food use. Maize
oil is recovered from maize germ, which is a by-product of both
dry- and wet-milling industries.
[0233] The present invention further encompasses a hybrid plant
with a plant part being the segregating grain formed on the ear of
the hybrid. This grain is a commodity plant product as are the
protein concentrate, protein isolate, starch, meal, flour or oil. A
number of different industrial processes can be employed to extract
or utilize these plant products, as are well known in the art.
[0234] Maize, including both grain and non-grain portions of the
plant, is also used extensively as livestock feed, primarily for
beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry. Industrial uses of
maize include production of ethanol, maize starch in the
wet-milling industry and maize flour in the dry-milling industry.
The industrial applications of maize starch and flour are based on
functional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesive
properties and ability to suspend particles. The maize starch and
flour have application in the paper and textile industries. Other
industrial uses include applications in adhesives, building
materials, foundry binders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well
muds, and other mining applications. Plant parts other than the
grain of maize are also used in industry: for example, stalks and
husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs are used for fuel
and to make charcoal.
[0235] The seed of the plant of the present invention can further
comprise one or more single gene traits. The plant produced from
the inbred seed of the maize line ID6461, the hybrid maize plant
produced from the crossing of said inbred, hybrid seed and various
parts of the hybrid maize plant, can be utilized for human food,
livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.
[0236] The present invention therefore also provides an
agricultural product comprising a plant of the present invention or
derived from a plant of the present invention. The present
invention further provides an industrial product comprising a plant
of the present invention or derived from a plant of the present
invention. Additionally provided herein are methods of producing an
agricultural and/or industrial product, the methods comprising
planting seeds of the present invention, growing plant from such
seeds, harvesting the plants and/or processing them to obtain an
agricultural or industrial product. In some embodiments, the
present invention provides a method of producing a commodity plant
product comprising growing the plant from the seed of this
invention or a part thereof and producing said commodity plant
product, wherein said commodity plant product includes, but is not
limited to, a protein concentrate, a protein isolate, starch, meal,
flour, oil, or any combination thereof.
DEPOSIT INFORMATION
[0237] Applicants have made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of
inbred corn line ID6461 with the American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC) Patent Depository, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, Va.
20110. The ATCC number of the deposit is PTA-122306. The date of
deposit was Jul. 17, 2015, and the seed was tested on Aug. 3, 2015
and found to be viable. Access to this deposit will be available
during the pendency of the application to the Commissioner for
patents and persons determined by the Commissioner to be entitled
thereto upon request. Upon granting of a patent on any claims in
the application, the Applicants will make the deposit available to
the public pursuant to 37 CFR .sctn.1.808. Additionally, Applicants
will meet the requirements of 37 CFR .sctn.1.801-1.809, including
providing an indication of the viability of the sample when the
deposit is made. The ATCC deposit will be maintained in that
depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years,
or 5 years after the last request, or for the enforceable life of
the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes
nonviable during that period.
[0238] Additional public information on patent variety protection
may be available from the PVP Office, a division of the U.S.
Government.
TABLE-US-00001 VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION TABLE 1 ID6461
VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION #1 Type: Dent #2 Region Best
Adapted: - Hybrid **Maturity RM***(estimate) Range 111 IA, MO, IL,
IN OH *MG = Maturity group **Maturity is the number of days from
planting to physiological maturity (planting to black layer) ***RM
= relative maturity #3. ABBRC ID6461 Inbred 1 Inbred 2 PLNTD May 5,
2014 May 5, 2014 May 5, 2014 days to 50% SLK from emerg 60 62 64 HU
to 50% Silk from planting 1399 1426 1399 Days to 50% plants pollen
shedding from emerg 61 60 64 HU to 50% Pollen Shed from planting
1426 1376 1399 Plant Height in CM 220.12 186.48 185.28 Ear Height
CM 68.72 50.76 67.8 APBRR Brace Root Color weak weak weak Length of
ear node leaf CM 67.4 80.48 79.4 Number of lateral tassel branches
2.92 11.64 4.8 Tassel length from top leaf collar to tassel tip CM
33.08 31.96 35.96 Tassel Peduncle length in cm-top node below flag
4.92 4.24 4.08 if to bottom tassel branch CM Tassel central spike
length cm (From top tassel 23.64 19.68 23.72 branch to tassel tip)
Anther color-Munsell value Purple Yellow Pink Anther Color-Munsell
Code 2.5YR5/6 2.5GY8/10 7.5YR8/4 Glume color-Munsell value Green
and Purple Green and Purple Green and Purple Glume Color-Munsell
Code 5GY7/6 and 5GY7/6 and 5GY5/6 and 5RP4/4 5RP3/6 5RP4/4 Glume
color bars perpendicular to veins; Present Absent glume bands 1
present; 2 absent Silk color-Munsell value Yellow/Lt green Yellow
Red Silk Color-Munsell Code 2.5GY8/6 2.5GY8/6 5R3/6 Ear length (cm)
13.9 14.7 10.7 Ear diameter at mid-point (mm) 46.124 52.372 49.056
Number of kernel rows 15.2 15.2 16.8 Row alignment 1 = straight 2 =
slightly 1 1 1 curved 3 = spiral Hard endosperm Munsell value
2.5Y7/10 2.5Y7/10 2.5Y7/10 Cob color-Munsell PVP number value Pink
Pink Pink Cob Color-Munsell Code 2.5YR6/6 2.5YR6/6 2.5YR5/6
[0239] The data provided above is often a color. The Munsell code
is a reference book of color, which is known and used in the
industry and by persons with ordinary skill in the art of plant
breeding.
[0240] The Paired Inbred Comparison Data Table A show a comparison
between ID6461 and comparable inbreds.
TABLE-US-00002 PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA TABLE A Inbred Yield
Stand Heat Units to P50 Heat Units to S50 Plant Height Ear Height %
Discard % Rounds ID6461 98 1522.2 1505.4 2.9 Inbred1 92.7 1453.2
1527.1 6.9 Diff 5.3 69 21.6 4 # Expts 9 52 52 9 Prob 0.617 0.000***
0.001*** 0.085* % % Large % Large % Med. % Med. % Small % Small % %
Shed Pollen Inbred Flats Rounds Flats Rounds Flats Rounds Flats
Lodging Snap Duration Count ID6461 0 0 Inbred1 2 0 Diff 2 0 # Expts
5 6 Prob 0.374 *.05 < Prob <= .10 ** .01 < Prob <= .05
***.00 < Prob <= .01
[0241] In Paired Inbred Comparison Data Table B ID6461 shows a
comparison for traits like yield, pollination, heat and silking
heat units when compared with the other inbred.
TABLE-US-00003 Inbred Yield Stand Heat Units to P50 Heat Units to
S50 Plant Height Ear Height % Discard % Rounds ID6461 105.3 1527.8
1511.8 1.4 Inbred2 1501 1516.6 Diff 26.8 4.8 # Expts 51 51 Prob
0.001*** 0.483 % % Large % Large % Med. % Med. % Small % Small % %
Shed Pollen Inbred Flats Rounds Flats Rounds Flats Rounds Flats
Lodging Snap Duration Count ID6461 0 0 1875972 Inbred2 1078790 Diff
746465.3 # Expts 4 Prob 0.13
[0242] The General Combining Ability Table shows the GCA (General
Combining Ability) estimates of ID6461 compared with the GCA
estimates of the other inbreds. The estimates show the general
combining ability is weighted by the number of experiment/location
combinations in which the specific hybrid combination occurs. The
interpretation of the data for all traits is that a positive
comparison is a practical advantage. A negative comparison is a
practical disadvantage. The general combining ability of an inbred
is clearly evidenced by the results of the general combining
ability estimates. This data compares the inbred parent in a number
of hybrid combinations to a group of "checks". The check data is
from our company's and other companies' hybrids which are
commercial products and pre-commercial hybrids, which were grown in
the same sets and locations.
TABLE-US-00004 Test % Stalk % Push % Late Root % Early Root %
Dropped Final Line N Yield Moisture Weight Lodging Test Lodging
Lodging Ears Stand ID6461 34 15.06 -0.11 0.79 0 8.5 6.34 0.23
ID6461 144 -0.75 -0.42 0.44 0.51 -10.05 2.27 11.27 -0.09 1.3 ID6461
12 -0.03 0.14 2.71 -5.09 13.11 23.46 0 ID6461 21 6.4 0.07 1.34
-2.36 3.39 1.01 ID6461 13 2.02 1.4 1.8 -3.7 19.67 23.49 0 ID6461 12
3.16 -0.16 2.71 -0.5 19.67 23.46 0 ID6461 12 9.71 0.99 2.36 -0.09
27.87 21.25 0 ID6461 36 5.23 -0.43 0.34 -0.71 3.39 11.75 -0.03
ID6461 22 -0.78 0.42 1.48 -0.56 2.49 1.01 0.29 ID6461 41 5.3 0.3
0.87 -1.58 0.94 2.49 1.01 -0.14 ID6461 22 -6.25 0.57 0.63 3.03 2.49
1.01 -1.11 ID6461 22 -1.11 0.07 1.56 -10.21 2.49 1.01 0.82 ID6461
22 -8.57 0.66 2.42 -7 2.49 1.01 -0.09 ID6461 21 -13.16 2.19 2.8
-4.14 2.49 1.01 1.15 ID6461 22 -3.75 1.4 1.83 1.62 2.49 1.01 -2.16
ID6461 21 -13.05 0.66 1.98 -7.45 2.49 1.01 1.39 ID6461 22 1.57 0.87
0.65 -6.57 2.49 -6.8 0.29 ID6461 22 -7.51 1.59 1.75 -2.78 2.49 1.01
1.11 ID6461 21 -6.61 0.46 0.3 1.17 2.49 1.01 0.53 ID6461 45 -0.05 1
1.39 -3.45 0.86 0.83 1.01 -1.14 ID6461 21 12.97 -0.11 0.65 -1.06
8.27 2.23 ID6461 21 -3.33 1.78 1.84 -5.28 2.49 -5.84 1.83 ID6461 22
-4.19 1.32 0.85 3.9 2.49 1.01 0.73 XR = 651 -0.06 0.41 1.08 -1.88
-10.05 4.31 9.58 -0.06 0.47 XH = 23 -0.34 0.64 1.46 -2.27 -10.05
10.7 7.21 -0.04 0.36 XT = 4 6.39 0.19 0.85 -1.44 3.43 5.35 1.01
-0.27 Stay % Green % Emergence Vigor Heat units Heat units Ear
Plant Line Green % Snap Barren Rating Rating to S50 to P50 Height
Height ID6461 -0.17 -0.75 70.29 41.1 16.55 22.52 ID6461 -0.09 0.44
-0.66 53.12 57.27 10.63 33.17 ID6461 -1.64 27 30.28 ID6461 7.5 0
0.58 36.88 51.13 3 16.75 ID6461 0 9.81 29.08 ID6461 1.64 10.33
24.28 ID6461 -1.64 25.33 33.61 ID6461 -0.47 1 38 42.48 8.97 17.18
ID6461 -3.13 -0.82 1.79 0.13 -0.21 29.67 19.31 7.96 17.2 ID6461
1.88 -2.35 2.37 0.64 0.28 -13.65 -17.02 11.22 18.77 ID6461 11.88
-2.84 0.73 1.63 0.79 1.5 5.31 3.46 16.7 ID6461 -8.13 -0.85 1.95
0.13 -0.71 25.67 29.47 19.21 18.45 ID6461 -8.13 -2.84 3.71 -0.38
0.29 24.83 28.47 19.21 6.45 ID6461 -13.13 -1.84 -0.57 -0.38 0.96
-6.33 -2.36 6.21 15.95 ID6461 -3.13 2.66 3.76 0.13 1.96 -1.5 -2.69
11.71 10.95 ID6461 6.88 -2.84 0.63 -0.04 29.67 19.47 13.71 15.95
ID6461 -23.13 -2.35 5.12 -0.38 1.63 15.5 14.64 14.21 32.95 ID6461
-8.13 -2.34 -4.98 1.63 -0.88 24.83 38.47 16.21 12.7 ID6461 11.88
1.26 0.13 0.79 57.67 43.14 12.46 15.95 ID6461 -8.13 -1.21 3.8 0.13
0.34 21.79 23.76 7.61 9.23 ID6461 10 -0.76 -1.28 30.25 27 21.08
30.81 ID6461 -8.75 -2.84 3.85 -1.38 0.46 10.67 14.31 16.21 15.95
ID6461 6.88 -2.84 -4.15 -0.38 1.63 -3 0.64 10.46 19.7 XR = -2.16 -1
1.45 0.31 0.3 24.21 23.84 12.51 20.23 XH = -1.68 -1.09 1.45 0.18
0.33 23.47 22.84 13.15 20.2 XT = -3.13 -1.05 3.09 0.38 0.22 29.11
22.58 11.09 16.93
The Paired Hybrid Comparison Data Table A shows the inbred ID6461
in hybrid combination, as Hybrid 1, in comparison with another
hybrid, which is adapted for the same region of the Corn Belt.
TABLE-US-00005 PAIRED HYBRID COMPARISON DATA TABLE A Hybrid Yield
Moist TWT PCTERL PCTSL PCTPUSH PLTLRL PCTDE Hybrid1 w/ID6461 213 20
56.3 3.7 1 65.8 0.7 0.1 Hybrid2 210.5 19.9 55.3 1.8 0.4 42.9 0.6 0
#Expts 312 312 204 32 95 12 59 19 Diff 2.4 0 1 1.9 0.7 22.9 0 0.1
Prob 0.029** 0.642 0.000*** 0.122 0.050* 0.052* 0.846 0.163 Hybrid
Stand PCTSG PCTGS Pct Barren Emerge Vigor HUS50 Hybrid1 w/ID6461
254 1.3 4.7 4.5 1430 Hybrid2 251.5 1.5 5.1 4.5 1377 #Expts 312 . 36
. 47 11 16 Diff 2.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 53.5 Prob 0.004*** 0.741 0.014**
0.821 0.000*** Hybrid HUP50 Plt ht Earht Hybrid1 w/ID6461 1456
267.7 121.1 Hybrid2 1406 217.1 93 #Expts 18 27 27 Diff 49.6 50.7
28.1 Prob 0.000*** 0.000*** 0.000*** Hybrid Yield Moist TWT PCTERL
PCTSL PCTPUSH PLTLRL PCTDE Hybrid1 w/ID6461 214 19.9 56.2 3.5 1.1
65.8 0.9 0.1 Hybrid3 212.9 20.8 56.2 24.3 0.8 90.8 5 0 #Expts 138
138 92 13 39 6 26 9 Diff 1.1 1 0 20.8 0.3 25 4.1 0.1 Prob 0.442
0.000*** 0.983 0.028** 0.572 0.078* 0.015** 0.347 Hybrid Yield
Moist TWT PCTERL PCTSL PCTPUSH PLTLRL PCTDE Hybrid1 w/ID6461 211.3
20.2 56.3 3.8 1 65.8 0.7 0.1 Hybrid4 207.5 19.3 57.6 22.7 0.8 72.5
3.4 0.1 #Expts 173 173 113 18 54 6 32 10 Diff 3.8 0.9 1.3 18.9 0.1
6.7 2.7 0 Prob 0.019** 0.000*** 0.000*** 0.033** 0.802 0.632 0.162
0.866 Hybrid Stand PCTSG PCTGS Pct Barren Emerge Vigor HUS50
Hybrid1 w/ID6461 277.7 1.4 4.7 4.8 1422 Hybrid3 278.8 1.1 3.7 3.8
1373 #Expts 138 . 15 . 23 4 6 Diff 1.1 0.3 1 1 48.7 Prob 0.415
0.404 0.006*** 0.308 0.020** Hybrid Stand PCTSG PCTGS Pct Barren
Emerge Vigor HUS50 Hybrid1 w/ID6461 237.5 1.2 4.7 4.7 1435 Hybrid4
235.9 1 4 2.8 1365 #Expts 173 . 21 . 24 6 10 Diff 1.6 0.2 0.7 1.8
70 Prob 0.167 0.527 0.032** 0.006*** 0.000*** Hybrid HUP50 Pltht
Earht Hybrid 1 w/ID6461 1463 268.3 117.9 Hybrid3 1414 240.2 121.5
#Expts 7 11 11 Diff 48.8 28.1 3.6 Prob 0.031** 0.000*** 0.4 Hybrid
HUP50 Pltht Earht Hybrid1 w/ID6461 1452 267.4 123.4 Hybrid4 1391
247.2 122.1 #Expts 11 16 16 Diff 60.7 20.2 1.3 Prob 0.000***
0.000*** 0.731 *.05 < Prob <= .10 **.01 < Prob <= .05
***.00 < Prob <= .01
The Yield by Environment Response Table shows the yield response of
Hybrid 1 w/ID6461 as a parent in comparison with two other hybrids
and the plants in the environment around it at the same
location.
TABLE-US-00006 Yield By Environment Response Table Environment
Yield Hybrid Error # Plots 75 100 125 150 175 200 Hybrid1 15.3 178
68 95 122 149 176 202 w/ID6461 Hybrid2 18.4 778 74 100 125 150 176
201 Environment Yield Hybrid Error # Plots 75 100 125 150 175 200
Hybrid1 15.3 178 68 95 122 149 176 202 w/ID6461 Hybrid3 12.9 143 73
99 124 150 175 201 Environment Yield Hybrid Error # Plots 75 100
125 150 175 200 Hybrid1 15.3 178 68 95 122 149 176 202 w/ID6461
Hybrid4 20.2 264 74 99 124 148 173 197
[0243] Accordingly, the present invention has been described with
some degree of particularity directed to the embodiment of the
present invention. It should be appreciated, though that the
present invention is defined by the following claims construed in
light of the prior art so that modifications or changes may be made
to the embodiment of the present invention without departing from
the inventive concepts contained herein.
* * * * *