U.S. patent application number 15/337127 was filed with the patent office on 2017-05-04 for system and method for biometric measurements.
This patent application is currently assigned to Blumio, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Blumio, Inc.. Invention is credited to Lillian Lei Dai, Oliver Hao-Yuan Shay.
Application Number | 20170119318 15/337127 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58637774 |
Filed Date | 2017-05-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170119318 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shay; Oliver Hao-Yuan ; et
al. |
May 4, 2017 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
Abstract
A system and method for evaluating cardiovascular-related health
of a user including an RF sensor device configured to transmit
incident pulse signals towards the user, and to receive reflected
pulse signals for generating a reflected pulse signal dataset, a
pulse signal modification module configured to modify the reflected
pulse signal dataset, and a processing system communicably coupled
to the RF sensor device and the pulse signal modification module,
the processing system configured to generate a cardiovascular
parameter for the user based on the modified reflected pulse signal
dataset.
Inventors: |
Shay; Oliver Hao-Yuan; (San
Francisco, CA) ; Dai; Lillian Lei; (San Francisco,
CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Blumio, Inc. |
San Francisco |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Blumio, Inc.
San Francisco
CA
|
Family ID: |
58637774 |
Appl. No.: |
15/337127 |
Filed: |
October 28, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62247379 |
Oct 28, 2015 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G16H 40/67 20180101;
A61B 5/021 20130101; A61B 5/721 20130101; A61B 5/7285 20130101;
G06F 19/3418 20130101; A61B 5/05 20130101; A61B 5/7225
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 5/00 20060101
A61B005/00; A61B 5/021 20060101 A61B005/021; G06F 19/00 20060101
G06F019/00 |
Claims
1. A system for evaluating cardiovascular-related health of a user,
the system comprising: a signal generator operable to generate a
set of signals; a first RF sensor device module operable to
generate a first reflected signal dataset, the first RF sensor
device module comprising a first and a second RF sensor device,
each RF sensor device operable in a receiving mode wherein the RF
sensor device receives signals reflected from first incident
signals proximal a first artery of the user, the first incident
signals derived from the set of signals; a delay module
electrically coupled to the signal generator, and operable to
generate a first delayed signal dataset derived from the set of
signals with a first delay setting; a detector module electrically
coupled to the first and second RF sensor devices and the delay
module, and operable to generate a first detected signal dataset
based on the first reflected signal dataset and the first delayed
signal dataset; and a processing and control system communicable
coupled to the delay module, and operable between: a parameter
determination mode wherein the processing and control system
determines the first delay setting, and an output generation mode
wherein the processing and control system generates a
cardiovascular parameter for the user based on the first detected
signal dataset.
2. The system of claim 1: wherein the delay module comprises: a
first delay component electrically coupled to a first mixing
component of the detector module, the first delay component
operable to generate the first delayed signal dataset, and a second
delay component electrically coupled to a second mixing component
of the detector module, the second delay component operable to
generate a second delayed signal dataset with a second delay
setting distinct from the first delay setting; wherein the first
mixing component is operable to generate the first detected signal
dataset from mixing the first reflected signal dataset with the
first delayed signal dataset, wherein the second mixing component
is operable to generate a second detected signal dataset from
mixing a second reflected signal dataset with the second delayed
signal dataset, and wherein the processing and control system is
further operable in the parameter determination mode to determine
the second delay setting, and operable in the output generation
mode to generate the cardiovascular parameter based on the first
detected signal dataset and the second detected signal dataset.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the delay module is operable
between: a first mode wherein the first delay component outputs the
first delayed signal dataset based on the first delay setting
determined based on processing a first preliminary signal dataset
collected at the first RF sensor device, and a second mode wherein
the second delay component outputs the second delayed signal
dataset based on the second delay setting independently determined
based on processing a second preliminary signal dataset collected
at the second RF sensor device.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a second RF sensor
device module operable to generate a second reflected signal
dataset, the second RF sensor device module comprising a third and
a fourth RF sensor device, each RF sensor device operable in a
receiving mode wherein the RF sensor device receives signals
reflected from second incident signals proximal a second artery of
the user, the second incident signals derived from the set of
signals; wherein the processing and control system is further
operable in the output generation mode to generate the
cardiovascular parameter based on a first blood pressure-related
parameter and a second blood pressure-related parameter derived
from the first reflected signal dataset and the second reflected
signal dataset, respectively.
5. The system of claim 4, further comprising: a first RF system
comprising the first RF sensor device module and the processing and
control system, wherein the first RF system is operable as a master
RF system, a second RF system comprising the second RF sensor
device module and a wireless communications module communicably
coupled to the processing and control system, wherein the second RF
system is operable as a slave RF system and operable between a:
receiving mode wherein the wireless communications module receives
control instructions from the master RF system, and transmission
mode wherein the wireless communications module transmits
signal-related data derived from the second reflected signal
dataset to the processing and control system.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a flexible housing
region physically adaptable to the contour of a body region of the
user proximal the artery, wherein the first artery comprises the
artery, and wherein the first and the second RF sensor device
respectively comprise a first and a second flexible antenna
positioned proximal the flexible housing region.
7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a pulse shaper module
electrically coupled to the signal generator, the pulse shaper
module operable to generate a modulated signal dataset derived from
the set of signals and defining a damped sinusoidal envelope,
wherein the incident signals and the delayed signal dataset are
derived from the modulated signal dataset.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising: an amplification
module electrically coupled to the detector module, and operable to
generate an amplified signal dataset from amplifying the detected
signal dataset; a filtering module electrically coupled to the
amplification module, and operable to generate a filtered signal
dataset from filtering the amplified signal dataset; an
analog-to-digital converter module electrically coupled to the
filtering module, and operable to generate a digital signal dataset
from converting the filtered signal dataset; and wherein the
processor is further operable in the output generation mode to
generate the cardiovascular parameter based on the digital signal
dataset.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing and control system
is further operable in the parameter determination mode to
determine the delay setting for modifying signal amplitude to be
within a predetermined range of a target amplitude defined based on
an input range of the analog-to-digital converter module.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing and control
system comprises: an RF system local processing subsystem operable
to control the signal generator and the delay module; and a remote
processing subsystem operable to generate the cardiovascular
parameter and store the cardiovascular parameter in association
with a user account for the user.
11. A method for evaluating cardiovascular-related health of a
user, the method comprising: at each of a first and a second RF
sensor device of an RF system, collecting a reflected signal
dataset comprising signals reflected in response to signal
transmission by the RF system towards an artery of the user; at a
delay module of the RF system, generating a delayed signal dataset
based on delaying a signal dataset with a delay setting; in
response to collecting the reflected signal dataset and generating
the delayed signal dataset, generating a detected signal dataset
based on the reflected signal dataset and the delayed signal
dataset; generating an amplitude-adjusted signal dataset based on
conditioning the detected signal dataset; determining a parameter
based on the amplitude-adjusted signal dataset, wherein the
parameter is based on arterial motion of the artery; and
determining a cardiovascular parameter based on the parameter, the
cardiovascular parameter indicating the cardiovascular-related
health of the user.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising, prior to collecting
the reflected signal dataset: collecting an initial reflected
signal dataset comprising initial signals reflected in response to
initial signal transmission by the RF system towards the user;
generating an initial delayed signal dataset from delaying an
initial signal dataset with an initial delay setting; generating an
initial amplitude-adjusted signal dataset based on the initial
reflected signal dataset and the initial delayed signal dataset;
determining a signal amplitude parameter describing the initial
amplitude-adjusted signal dataset; and updating the initial delay
setting to the delay setting based on the signal amplitude
parameter.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising, subsequent to
determining the cardiovascular parameter: generating a subsequent
amplitude-adjusted signal dataset based on the delay setting;
determining a subsequent signal amplitude parameter describing the
subsequent amplitude-adjusted signal dataset; and in response to
the subsequent signal amplitude parameter being outside the
predetermined range of the target amplitude, updating the delay
setting to a modified delay setting; and updating the
cardiovascular parameter based on an updated amplitude-adjusted
signal dataset generated based on the modified delay setting.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein updating the initial delay
setting comprises increasing the initial delay setting in response
to the signal amplitude parameter indicating saturated signal
amplitude.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein updating the delay setting
comprises decreasing the initial delay setting in response to the
amplitude parameter indicating weak signal amplitude.
16. The method of claim 11, further comprising: receiving a
preliminary motion sensor dataset collected at a motion sensor of
the RF system during a first time period, the preliminary motion
sensor dataset describing motion during the first time period of a
physiological region proximal the artery of the user; determining a
time duration during which the motion is below a motion threshold,
based on the motion sensor dataset, wherein the time duration is
within the first time period; wherein collecting the reflected
signal dataset is in response to the time duration satisfying a
time condition.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: receiving a motion
sensor dataset collected at the motion sensor during a second time
period, wherein the amplitude-adjusted signal dataset corresponds
to the second time period; wherein determining the parameter
comprises: generating a weighting parameter for a temporal
indicator within the second time period, based on motion during the
temporal indicator of the physiological region; generating a
weighted signal value from assigning the weighting parameter to a
signal value of the amplitude-adjusted signal dataset, the signal
value corresponding to the temporal indicator; determining the
parameter based on the weighted signal value.
18. The method of claim 11: wherein the amplitude-adjusted signal
dataset is from a set of amplitude-adjusted signal datasets
generated within a continuous time period, wherein the parameter is
from a set of parameters determined based on the set of
amplitude-adjusted signal datasets, wherein the cardiovascular
parameter is a circadian blood pressure parameter, and wherein
determining the circadian blood pressure parameter is based on a
set of blood pressures derived from the set of parameters.
19. The method of claim 11, further comprising: providing the RF
system at a physiological region proximal the artery; generating a
set of signals with a signal generator of the RF system; and
transmitting an incident signal derived from the set of signals
with an antenna of the RF system, wherein the signal dataset
comprises the incident signal.
20. The method of claim 11, wherein determining the cardiovascular
parameter comprises: generating a set of cardiovascular parameter
partitions, each cardiovascular parameter partition defining a
cardiovascular parameter range; generating a set of partitioned
cardiovascular parameters from partitioning a set of preliminary
cardiovascular parameters into the set of cardiovascular parameter
partitions based on the cardiovascular parameter ranges; generating
a set of filtered cardiovascular parameters from filtering an
outlier from the set of cardiovascular parameters based on the set
of partitioned cardiovascular parameters; and determining the
cardiovascular parameter based on the filtered set of
cardiovascular parameters.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 62/247,379 filed 28 Oct. 2015, which is herein
incorporated in its entirety by this reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to a system, apparatus and a
method for biometric measurements of a subject, and more
particularly to biometric measurements that utilize a sensor based
on radio frequency (RF) detection and ranging technology.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0003] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a variation of an
embodiment of a system;
[0004] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a radio frequency
system components implemented with a substrate in a variation of an
embodiment of a system;
[0005] FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of outputted biometric
measurement results in a variation of an embodiment of a
system;
[0006] FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a variation of an
embodiment of a system;
[0007] FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of processing flow in a
variation of an embodiment of a system;
[0008] FIGS. 6A-6C are schematic representations of processing
flows in variations of an embodiment of a system;
[0009] FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of processing flow in a
variation of an embodiment of a system;
[0010] FIG. 8A-8B illustrate examples of waveforms generated by a
signal generator in a variation of an embodiment of the system;
[0011] FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a multi-radio
frequency system variation in an embodiment of a system;
[0012] FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a multi-radio
frequency system variation in an embodiment of a system;
[0013] FIG. 11 is a processing flow chart of a multi-radio
frequency system variation in an embodiment of a system;
[0014] FIG. 12 is a processing flow chart of a multi-radio
frequency system variation in an embodiment of a system;
[0015] FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of a variation of an
embodiment of a system;
[0016] FIGS. 14A-14D are schematic representations of variations of
mobile phone case implementations in an embodiment of a system
[0017] FIGS. 15A-15D are schematic representations of card form
factor variations in an embodiment of a system;
[0018] FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of a housing variation
in an embodiment of a system;
[0019] FIG. 17 is a flow chart representation of a variation of an
embodiment of a method;
[0020] FIG. 18 is a schematic representation of a variation of an
embodiment of a method;
[0021] FIGS. 19A-19C respectively illustrate examples of a normal
pulse signal, a saturated pulse signal, and a weak pulse signal in
variations of an embodiment of a method;
[0022] FIG. 20 is a schematic representation of a received signal
and a delayed signal in a variation of an embodiment of a
method;
[0023] FIG. 21 is a flow chart representation of a variation of an
embodiment of a method; and
[0024] FIG. 22 is a flow chart representation of a variation of an
embodiment of a method.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0025] The following description of the preferred embodiments of
the invention is not intended to limit the invention to these
preferred embodiments, but rather to enable any person skilled in
the art to make and use this invention.
1. Overview
[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of a system for evaluating
cardiovascular-related health of a user can include a radio
frequency (RF) sensor device operable to transmit incident signals
(e.g., pulse signals) towards the user, and to receive reflected
signals (e.g., pulse signals) for generating a reflected signal
dataset; a signal modification module operable to modify the
reflected signal dataset; and a processing and control system
communicably coupled to the signal modification module, the
processing and control system operable to generate a biometric
measurement result for the user based on the modified reflected
signal dataset.
[0027] In a variation, a system for evaluating
cardiovascular-related health of a user includes a signal generator
operable to generate a set of signals; a first and a second RF
sensor device separated by a distance, each RF sensor device
positioned proximal an interior face of a housing, and each RF
sensor device operable between: a transmission mode where the RF
sensor device transmits first incident signals derived from the set
of signals towards a first artery of the user, and a receiving mode
where the RF sensor device receives first reflected signals for
generating a first reflected signal dataset; a delay module
electrically coupled to the signal generator, and operable to
generate a first delayed signal dataset derived from the set of
signals with a first delay setting; a detector module (e.g., phase
detector module) electrically coupled to the first and second RF
sensor devices and the delay module, and operable to generate a
first detected signal dataset (e.g., phase detected signal dataset)
from mixing the first reflected pulse signal dataset with the first
delayed pulse signal dataset; and a processing and control system
communicably coupled to the pulse signal generator and the delay
module, and operable between: a control mode where the processing
and control system controls the signal generator and the delay
module, a parameter determination mode where the processing and
control system determines the first delay setting, and an output
generation mode where the processing and control system generates a
cardiovascular parameter for the user based on the first phase
detected pulsed signal dataset and the distance between the first
and second RF sensor devices.
[0028] The system functions to leverage an RF-based approach to
non-invasively determining one or more biometric measurement
results (e.g., cardiovascular parameters) describing the health of
one or more users. The system can additionally or alternatively
function to improve signal quality of signals collected by the RF
system, such as through processing collected signals into a
suitable form for generating accurate cardiovascular parameters
based on the modified signals.
2. Benefits
[0029] In specific examples, the system and/or method can confer
several benefits over conventional methodologies used for
determining cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and
heart rate. In specific examples, the system and/or method can
perform one or more of the following:
[0030] First, the technology can dynamically improve the signal
quality of signal datasets derived from the RF system and used in
determining cardiovascular parameters. For example, the technology
can continuously update parameters (e.g., delay values for delaying
signals, delay line settings, weighting parameters, outlier
filtering parameters, etc.) affecting signal quality before,
during, and/or after sessions of RF sensor device activity (e.g.,
transmission of incident signals towards an artery of the user,
receipt of reflected signals, etc.). As such, the technology can
accommodate for variables affecting consistent signal quality,
including user variations (e.g., different physiology, different
motion, different ways of operating the RF system, etc.), RF system
variations (e.g., different orientations of the RF sensor device,
different arteries at which measurements are collected, etc.),
and/or other variations.
[0031] Second, the technology can leverage an RF system including
multiple RF sensor devices configured to transmit and receive
signals at different locations of an artery, and/or at different
arteries. For example, the RF system can include a first RF sensor
device configured to collect reflected signals at a first location
of a brachial artery, and a second RF sensor device configured to
collect reflected signals at a second location of a brachial
artery. Signal datasets collected at disparate locations can be
used in evaluating body movement-related data (e.g., tissue
movement-related data, respiration, heartbeat, arterial motion,
stroke volume, pulse parameters such as pulse transit time and
pulse wave velocity, etc.), from which cardiovascular parameters
(e.g., heart beat metrics, blood pressure metrics, pulse rate
metrics, physical activity metrics, metrics correlated with
cardiovascular-related health, pulse oximetry metric, arterial
metrics, respiration metrics, etc.) can be determined. The
cardiovascular parameters can be used in a range of health and
fitness applications, such as health monitoring, sports coaching,
diagnosis and prediction of certain disease conditions such as
cardiovascular related conditions (e.g. hypertension,
atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, peripheral artery disease, aortic
dissection, blood vessel insufficiency, pulmonary disease) and
health-related emergency alerts. The RF system (e.g., based on RF
detection and ranging) can be compact, non-invasive, and enable
continuous monitoring of cardiovascular parameters, overcoming
issues of inconvenience, discomfort, lack of adherence, and other
issues associated with, for example, a blood pressure cuff.
Further, the RF system can be resilient to variables (e.g., ambient
light, presence of tattoos, perspiration at site of measurement,
etc.) affecting signal quality for non-cuff based systems.
[0032] Third, the technology can continuously monitor
cardiovascular parameters. For example, blood pressure data can be
collected at a beat-to-beat granularity with greater than 10,000
samples collected per second. Cardiovascular parameter monitoring
can additionally or alternatively be dynamically triggered (e.g.,
in response to detecting an inactive user state based on motion
data collected at a motion sensor of the RF system).
[0033] The technology can, however, provide any other suitable
benefit(s) in the context of using an RF system for detecting one
or more cardiovascular parameters.
3. System
[0034] As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 can include: an RF sensor
device 110 configured to transmit incident signals (e.g., incident
pulse signals) towards the user, and to receive reflected signals
for generating a reflected signal dataset; a signal modification
module 120 configured to modify the reflected signal dataset; a
processing and control system 150 communicably coupled to the RF
sensor device 110 and the signal modification module 120, the
processing and control system 150 configured to generate a
cardiovascular parameter for the user based on the modified
reflected signal dataset; and a signal generator 160 configured to
generate signals.
[0035] In some variations, the system 100 can additionally or
alternatively include a conditioning module 140 configured to
process signal datasets, a supplemental sensor module 165, a
housing 170, and/or any other suitable component.
[0036] One or more RF sensor devices 105, signal modification
modules 120, processing and control systems 150, signal generators
160, conditioning modules 140, and/or supplemental sensors 165 can
be included in an RF system 105, which can additionally or
alternatively include a housing 170 retaining the preceding
components. However, in examples, the system 100 can include
components outside of the RF system, such as a remote server and/or
a user mobile phone 310 of the processing and control system 150
operable to generate a cardiovascular parameter from a signal
dataset.
3.1 RF Sensor Device
[0037] As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 can include an RF sensor
device 110 operable to transmit incident signals towards the user,
and to receive reflected signals for generating a reflected signal
dataset. The RF sensor device 110 functions to transmit and/or
receive signals for downstream processing in generating biometric
measurement results (e.g., cardiovascular parameters) for a user.
The RF sensor device 110 preferably includes one or more antennas
112 (e.g., transmit antenna 114, receive antenna 116, etc.), but
can additionally or alternatively include one or more signal
modification modules 120 and/or conditioning modules 140.
[0038] The RF sensor device no is preferably operable across (e.g.,
can operate in any of the modes in parallel, in serial, etc.), a
transmission mode (e.g., half-duplex, full-duplex) where the RF
sensor device no transmits incident signals (e.g., derived from a
set of signals generated at a signal generator 160, and a receiving
mode (e.g., half-duplex, full-duplex) where the RF sensor device no
receives reflected signals (e.g., for generating a reflected signal
dataset). The RF sensor device no is preferably configured to
perform near-field (NF) sensing, but can additionally or
alternatively perform mid-field and/or far-field sensing. Signals
transmitted by the RF sensor device 110 are preferably RF signals,
but can alternatively be other signal types possessing other
suitable frequencies or signal characteristics. The transmitted
signals are preferably generated by a signal generator (e.g., a
pulse signal generator 160) of the RF system 105, but any suitable
signals can be transmitted. Incident signals, reflected signals,
and/or any suitable signal can be continuous wave, substantially
continuous, discrete, pulse signals, other wave signals and/or any
suitable signals. Approaches described in relation to pulse signals
and/or pulse signal datasets can be analogously applied to any
suitable signal type.
[0039] The RF sensor device no is preferably communicably coupled
(e.g., electrically coupled, electrically connected, wirelessly
coupled) to a processing and control system 150 configured to
control the RF sensor device 110 (e.g., by communicating with the
RF sensor device 110 to initiate signal acquisition, by
independently controlling different RF sensor devices 110 and/or
different antennas 112 of an RF sensor device 110, etc.), to
receive pulse signal data (e.g., reflected pulse signal datasets,
conditioned pulse signal datasets, etc.) collected by the RF sensor
device 110 (e.g., at a receive antenna 116), and/or perform other
suitable functions in relation to the RF sensor device 110. In an
example, the RF sensor device 110 can include a wireless
communications module 154 configured to communicate with a remote
processing and control system 150 (e.g., a remote processing
subsystem 152 within a housing 170 retaining the RF sensor device
110, a remote server distant from the RF system 105 and/or user,
etc.). In a specific example, the RF sensor device 110 can transmit
pulse signal data to a processing subsystem 152 housed within the
RF system 105, and the processing subsystem 152 can generate
cardiovascular parameters for presentation at the RF system 105
and/or a distinct user device (e.g., a user mobile phone 310, a
band 172, etc.). In another specific example, pulse signal data
sampled at the RF sensor device 110 can be transmitted to a
processing subsystem 152 of a distinct user device (e.g., a user
mobile phone 310, a band 172, etc.) and/or remote server, which can
generate cardiovascular paramters for presentation at the RF system
105, and/or a distinct user device. In examples, signal processing
can be fully or partially performed by other components, such as
the processing and control system 150 (e.g., processing subsystems
152 of the RF system 105, processing subsystems 152 of a remote
server, processing subsystems 152 of a distinct user device such as
a user mobile phone 310, computer, medical device, exercise
equipment, etc.).
[0040] The RF sensor device no is preferably positioned proximal an
artery of the user in an alignment configuration during use (e.g.,
where the RF sensor device no is aligned with the target artery for
transmitting pulse signals toward the target artery and receiving
reflected signals). For example, in the alignment configuration,
the RF system 105 is preferably worn by a user and/or positioned by
a user at a location where the RF sensor device no is proximal the
artery at which pulse signals are to be transmitted. In examples,
the RF sensor device 110 is preferably positioned proximal an
artery of the arm (e.g., a brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar
artery, profunda brachii artery, anterior humeral circumflex
artery, axillary artery, etc.) of the user, but can be positioned
in relation to any suitable artery (e.g., carotid artery in the
neck, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the target for the
transmitted signals can be a region of the chest, aorta, vein,
and/or other physiological region exhibiting movement. However, the
RF sensor device no can be positioned relative any physiological
region in an alignment configuration and/or any suitable
configuration.
[0041] In an example, the RF sensor device no can be positioned at
or within an interior face (e.g., inside the RF system and facing
housed components of the RF system) of the housing 170. As shown in
FIG. 4, in this example, the interior face of the housing 170 can
be proximal the target artery (e.g., the artery at which incident
signals are transmitted) in an alignment configuration (e.g., where
the RF sensor device 110 is aligned with the target artery for
transmitting pulse signals toward the target artery and receiving
reflected signals). However, the RF sensor device 110 can be
positioned relative the housing 170 in any suitable manner.
[0042] As shown in FIG. 2, circuitry components of the RF sensor
device 110 can be integrated with a substrate 108 (e.g., a printed
circuit board). In relation to the substrate, in an example, the RF
sensor device 110 can be positioned proximal a first edge of the
substrate 108, and distant an opposing second edge of the substrate
108 (e.g., where the processing and control system 150 is
positioned). In this example, the RF sensor device 110 can be
characterized by a rectangular form factor, but can embody any
suitable shape. Additionally or alternatively, the RF sensor device
110 can be positioned at any suitable location relative a substrate
108, and/or be positioned substantially distant from a substrate
108.
[0043] The RF sensor device 110 is preferably constructed with
flexible materials (e.g., configured to conform to the contour of a
user's physiological region in examples where the RF system 105 is
configured to be worn as a wearable biometric measurement device by
the user). In a specific example, the RF sensor device 110 can be
constructed with a flexible substrate 108, antenna 112, and housing
170. Additionally or alternatively, the RF sensor device 110 can be
constructed with rigid materials and/or any suitable materials.
[0044] The RF system 105 can include any number of an RF sensor
devices 110 (e.g., which can function to provide hardware
redundancy, to collect different sets of pulse signal data, etc.).
For example, in response to failure and/or malfunctioning of an RF
sensor device 110, another RF sensor device 110 can be activated
automatically or manually to ensure uninterrupted service or reduce
system outage time (e.g., where an alert can be generated to notify
appropriate personnel regarding the failure, or malfunction). Each
RF sensor device 110 preferably includes at least one antenna 112,
but can be otherwise configured. In a variation, the RF system 105
can include a first and a second RF sensor device 110''. In this
variation, the first and second RF sensor devices 110 are
preferably positioned at a known distance from each other, where
the known distance can be used downstream in calculating pulse
parameters from collected pulse signal datasets. In a specific
example, as shown in FIG. 5, the first RF sensor device 110' can
have a first transmit antenna 114' and a first receive antenna 116'
positioned at a first region (e.g., of a substrate 108 where the
first RF sensor device 110' is integrated), and the second RF
sensor device 110'' can have a second transmit antenna 114'' and a
second receive antenna 116'' positioned at a second region (e.g.,
of the substrate 108), where the first and the second regions are
separated by a known distance. In an example, the first and the
second RF sensor devices 110 can be electrically coupled (e.g., to
transmit and/or receive control instructions and/or data between
the RF sensor devices 110). In this or another example, the first
RF sensor device 110' and/or second RF sensor device 110'' can be
communicably coupled to the processing and control system 150 and
operable to receive control instructions from the processing and
control system 150, operate based on the control instructions, and
to transmit the control instructions to the second RF sensor device
110''. In variations where the first and second RF sensor devices
110', 110'' are associated with separate substrates, the first and
second RF sensor devices 110 can have substantially similar and/or
distinct geometries (e.g., similar or different dimensions),
orientations (e.g., a first RF sensor device 110' with a transmit
antenna 114 oriented towards an interior face of the housing 170 at
a first angle, and a second RF sensor device 110'' with a transmit
antenna 114 oriented towards the interior face at a second angle
distinct from the first angle) construction materials (e.g., a
first RF sensor device 110' constructed with flexible materials, a
second RF sensor device 110'' constructed with rigid materials),
locations (e.g., a first RF system 105' positioned proximal a
processing and control system 150' integrated with a first
substrate 108', and the second RF system 105'' positioned proximal
a processing and control system 150'' integrated with a second
substrate 108'', etc.), and/or other suitable characteristics.
However, multi-RF sensor device 110 configurations can be otherwise
defined.
[0045] Additionally or alternatively, an RF sensor device 110 or
set of RF sensor devices 110 can be configured in any suitable
manner.
[0046] An RF sensor device 110 preferably includes one or more
antennas 112. An antenna 112 can be configured to transmit signals
(e.g., a transmit antenna 114) and/or receive signals (e.g., a
receive antenna 116). In examples, the transmit and receive
antennas 112 are distinct antenna 112 elements. Alternatively, an
antenna 112 can be used for both transmit and receive activities
through circuitry used for antenna 112 duplex operations. One or
more antennas 112 can paired with and/or included in a transmitter
block 115 and/or a receiver block 117, where one or more
transmitter blocks 115 paired with one or more receiver blocks 117
can act as a transmit and receive chain. In an example, as shown in
FIG. 7, the RF sensor device 110 can include a transmitter block
115 with a transmit antenna 114, and two receiver blocks 117',
117''. In an example, the RF system 105 can include a plurality of
transmit and receive chains. In specific examples, an RF sensor
device 110 including a single transmit and receive chain can be
configured to generate a heart rate parameter, and an RF sensor
device 110 including two transmit and receive chains can be
configured to generate a blood pressure parameter and/or heart rate
parameter (e.g., where each transmit and receive chain can generate
a heart rate parameter, and the heart rate parameters can be
compared and rejected in response to differing more than a
threshold amount).
[0047] The antennas 112 are preferably constructed with flexible
materials, but can otherwise be semi-flexible, rigid, and/or
constructed with other suitable materials. In relation to the
housing 170, the antennas 112 are preferably positioned proximal an
interior face of the housing 170, but can be otherwise
positioned.
[0048] In variations, the RF sensor device no can include one or
more orientation-adjustable antennas 112 controllable by the
processing and control subsystem. In this variation,
orientation-adjustable antennas 112 can be operable to adjust their
corresponding signal transmission axis (e.g., by reorienting their
position at the substrate 108, by an actuator of the RF system 105
actuating the orientation-adjustable antennas 112 into a different
orientation, etc.). Additionally or alternatively,
orientation-adjustable antennas can be included in an antenna
array, where directionality of transmitted and received signals can
be controlled by changing phase and/or phase amplitude of antenna
elements of the antenna aray. However, orientation-adjustable
antennas 112 can be otherwise configured. Additionally or
alternatively, an antenna 112 or set of antennas 112 can be
configured in any suitable manner.
[0049] Any number of RF sensor devices 110 can additionally or
alternatively be included in the RF system 105.
3.2 Signal Modification Module
[0050] The system 100 can include a signal modification module 120
operable to modify the reflected signal dataset, which functions to
modify signal data collected by the RF sensor device 110 in order
to improve signal quality (e.g., with the delay module), and/or
detect phase change between a reference signal and a reflected
signal (e.g., with the mixer module). The signal modification
module 120 additionally or alternatively specifically function to
modify one or more amplitude parameters of signal data to improve
signal quality. The signal modification module 120 can include one
or more delay modules 121, detector modules 130, pulse shaper
modules 142, dynamic amplification modules 144, and/or any other
suitable components.
[0051] The signal modification module 120 is preferably operable to
generate a modified signal dataset. The signal module is preferably
coupled (e.g., electrically coupled, communicably coupled) to one
or more RF sensor devices 110, but can alternatively be included in
one or more RF sensor devices 110. In such examples, the signal
module is preferably configured to receive one or more signal
datasets (e.g., pulse signal datasets) collected at the RF sensor
device 110, and to modify the signals in the one or more datasets.
Additionally or alternatively, the signal module can be
electrically coupled to a pulse signal generator 160 and configured
to modify signals generated by the pulse signal generator 160.
[0052] Further, the signal modification module 120 is preferably
electrically coupled to a processing and control system 150
configured to control the signal modification module 120. In
examples, the processing and control system 150 can determine the
parameters according to which the signal modification module 120
operates (e.g., determining delay values for the delay module 121),
can activate and/or deactivate the signal modification module 120,
can transmit and/or receive datasets from the signal modification
module 120, and/or control the signal modification module 120 in
any suitable manner. However, the signal modification module 120
can be electrically coupled and/or communicably coupled to any
suitable component
[0053] The signal modification module 120 is preferably implemented
with hardware components, but can additionally or alternatively be
implemented through software. The signal modification module 120 is
preferably included in the RF system 105 (e.g., retained in the RF
system 105 housing 170, sharing a baseboard integrating the RF
sensor device 110 and/or processing and control system 150, etc.),
but can additionally or alternatively include a remote server
configured to modify signal data. The RF system 105 can include any
number of signal modification modules 120.
[0054] Any number of signal modification modules 120 can
additionally or alternatively be included in the RF system 105.
However, a signal modification module 120 can be configured in any
suitable manner.
3.2.A Delay Module
[0055] The signal modification module 120 can include a delay
module 121 functioning to delay one or more signals (e.g., as shown
in FIG. 20).
[0056] The delay module 121 is preferably configured to generate
one or more delayed pulse signal datasets by processing a pulse
signal dataset according to a delay setting (e.g., delay value,
delay line of a set of delay lines). The delay module 121 can
include any one or more of: a potentiometer (e.g., digital
potentiometer), a delay chip (e.g., a digital delay chip), a delay
circuit (e.g., fixed delay lines with a switch 124, etc.), a phase
shifter, software (e.g., executable by the processing and control
system 150) and/or any suitable component configured to delay a
pulse signal. The delay value can take any one or more forms
including: a temporal indicator (e.g., microseconds, milliseconds,
seconds, etc.), a pulse parameter modification (e.g., frequency
unit, phase unit, etc.), and/or any suitable form describing a
delay to apply to a pulse signal. Additionally or alternatively,
the delay module can generate a delayed pulse signal dataset
without a calculated delay value. For example, the delay module can
include a delay circuit witih a plurality of delay lines operable
with one or more switches 124 by processing and control system 150,
where the processing and control system 150 can iterate through
operation of each delay line, evaluate signal quality, and select a
delay line based on the signal quality. Pulse signal datasets that
are delayed preferably include pulse signal data generated by a
pulse signal generator 160 (e.g., after pulse width modulation),
but can include any suitable pulse signal data.
[0057] The delay module 121 is preferably a dynamic delay module
121 configured to delay signal datasets based on dynamic delay
values (e.g., dynamically determined by a processing and control
system 150 controlling the delay module 121), but can additionally
or alternatively include static delay properties (e.g., where a
static delay value module 121 is configured to delay signal
datasets based on a static delay value that is constant throughout
the remainder of signal acquisition following determinination of
the static delay value such as through updating the delay value
until a suitable signal amplitude is obtained, etc.).
[0058] In a first variation, as shown in FIG. 6A, the delay module
121 can be an analog delay module 121 configured to perform analog
delay on a signal dataset. In this variation, one or more pulse
signals generated by a pulse signal generator 160 can be input
(e.g., subsequent to conditioning by one or more conditioning
modules 140) into one or more delay modules 121 (e.g., digital
potentiometers) controlled by a processing and control system 150.
In a specific example, a first and a second pulse signal dataset
(e.g., generated by a pulse signal generator) can be respectively
input into a first and a second transmit antenna 114', 114'' for
transmission as incident signals. The first and second pulse signal
datasets can additionally or alternatively be input into a first
and a second delay component 122', 122'' of one or more delay
modules 121 for generating a first and a second delayed signal
dataset. Reflected signals reflected from the incident signals can
be collected at a first and a second receive antenna, 116', 116''
for generating a first and a second reflected signal dataset. The
first delayed signal dataset and the first reflected signal dataset
can be mixed at a first mixing component 134' to generate a first
phase detected signal dataset, and the second delayed signal
dataset and the second reflected signal dataset can be mixed at a
second mixing component 134'' to generate a second phase detected
signal dataset. The phase detected signal dataset can be
transmitted to one or more conditioning modules 140 (e.g., for
subsequent transmission to a processing and control system 150),
directly to a processing and control system 150 (e.g., for
determining a biometric measurement result), and/or any suitable
component. However analog delay modules 121 can be otherwise
configured.
[0059] In a second variation, as shown in FIG. 6B, the delay module
121 can be a digital delay module 121 configured to perform digital
delay on a signal dataset. In this variation, one or more pulse
signals can be input into one more digital delay modules 121 (e.g.,
digital delay chip, fixed delay lines selectable by the processing
and control subsystem). In a specific example, a first and a signal
pulse signal dataset can be input into a first pulse shaper module
142' for subsequent transmission as incident signals. The first and
second pulse signal datasets can be additionally or alternatively
be input into a first and second delay components 122', 122'', the
output of which can be input into a second and a third pulse shaper
module 142'', 142''', respectively. The second and third pulse
shaper modules 142'', 142''' can be electrically coupled to a first
and second mixing component 134' and 134'', the output of which can
be conditioned and processed for determining biometric measurement
results. However, the digital delay modules 121 can be otherwise
configured.
[0060] In a third variation, as shown in FIG. 6C, the delay module
121 include a switched fixed delay line module including one or
more switches 124 and one or more a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit
paths characterized by a delay value (e.g., each RC circuit path
defining a different delay value). The one or more switches 124 can
selectively feed pulse signals (e.g., generated by the pulse signal
generator 160) into one or more RC circuit paths. The processing
and control system 150 can control the switch 124 with control and
clock signals. However, the delay module(s) 121 can be configured
in any suitable manner.
[0061] In any of these variations or other variations thereof, the
delay module 121 can be configured to generate a first delayed
pulse signal dataset from delaying a first pulse signal dataset
with a first delay setting, and to generate a second delayed pulse
signal dataset from delaying a second pulse signal dataset with a
second delay setting. The pulse signals can include one or more:
damped sinusoidal signals (e.g., from generating a pulse width
modulated signal by a processing and control system 150 and passing
the pulse width modulated signal through a pulse shaper module 142
including, for example, NAND gates and/or AND gates), a waveform
generator chip-generated signal (e.g., periodic pulse signals,
periodic sinusoid signals, periodic triangular phase signals,
etc.), modified pulse width modulated signals (e.g., from
generating a first and a second pulse wave modulated signal with
the processing and control system 150, and feeding the pulse wave
modulated signals into separate pulse shaper modules 142, etc.),
and/or any other suitable signal. Pulse signal datasets can be the
same, partially distinct, or fully distinct. Further, the first and
the second delay settings can be the same or different. In examples
where the delay module 121 is configured to delay datasets using
multiple delay settings, the delay module 121 can include a
plurality of components (e.g., digital potentiometers, delay
circuits, etc.) configured to delay a pulse signal. For example,
the delay module 121 can include a first delay component 122'
(analog, digital, or delay line), as shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C,
which can be electrically coupled to and proximal a first mixing
component 134' of the detector module 130, the first delay
component 122' operable to generate a first delayed pulse signal
dataset (e.g., from processing a first pulse signal dataset with a
first delay setting), and a second delay component 122''
electrically coupled to and proximal a second mixing component
134'' of the detector module 130, the second delay component 122''
operable to generate a second delayed pulse signal dataset (e.g.,
from processing a second pulse signal dataset with a second delay
setting). In this example or another example, the delay module 121
can be operable between a first mode where the first delay
component 122' outputs the first delayed pulse signal dataset based
on the first delay setting determined based on processing a first
preliminary pulse signal dataset collected at the first RF sensor
device 110', and a second mode where the second delay component
122'' outputs the second delayed pulse signal dataset based on the
second delay setting independently determined based on processing a
second preliminary pulse signal dataset collected at the second RF
sensor device 110''. However, any suitable number of signal
datasets can be delayed by the delay module 121 using any number of
delay settings and components.
[0062] Any number of delay modules 121 can additionally or
alternatively be included in the RF system 105.
3.2.B Detector Module
[0063] The signal modification module 120 can include a detector
module 130 functioning to detect change (e.g., phase, frequency,
time delay, amplitude, etc.) between a reference signal and a
reflected signal. The detector module 130 is preferably configured
to generate a phase detected pulse signal dataset (e.g., with new
amplitudes and/or frequenceis), such as from mixing two or more
pulse signals, but can additionally or alternatively generate any
suitable detected signal dataset. The detector module 130 is
preferably configured to mix a reflected pulse signal dataset
(e.g., generated from an RF sensor device 110 from reflected pulse
signals) and a delayed pulse signal dataset (e.g., generated from
the delay module 121), but can mix any suitable signals. New
amplitudes and/or frequencies produced by a detector module 130 can
result from phase changes between signals input into the detector
module 130, but can result from any suitable combination of phases
and/or frequencies of the constituent signals (e.g., addition,
difference, average, etc.). In more detail, motion of a blood
vessel can result in a phase shift (e.g., periodic phase shift),
which causes a signal amplitude to change. In examples, the
amplitude across multiple radar pulses can be captured as
representative of a blood pressure pulse wave. The detector module
130 can include any one or more of: passive mixers (e.g., including
diodes), active mixers (e.g., including amplification devices),
mixing components 134 integrated in an integrated circuit, discrete
components, unbalanced mixers, single balanced mixers, double
balanced mixers, switching mixers, phase locked loop and/or any
suitable component for mixing signals.
[0064] The detector module 130 is preferably electrically coupled
to a delay module 121 (e.g., for receiving a delayed signal dataset
from the delay module 121). Further, the detector module 130 is
preferably electrically coupled to an amplification module 144
configured to receive one or more phase detected pulse signal
datasets. Additionally or alternatively the detector module 130 can
be electrically coupled to a pulse shaper module 142 and/or any
other suitable component for receiving/mixing pulse signal
datasets.
[0065] In a variation, the detector module 130 can include a
plurality of mixing components 134, each mixing component 134
operable to generate phase detected signal datasets (e.g., using
different mixing parameters such as different operations applied to
the frequencies of the constituent signals input into the mixing
component 134, using similar mixing parameters, etc.). For example
the detector module 130 can include a first and a second mixing
component 134'', where the first mixing component 134' is operable
to generate the first phase detected pulse signal dataset (e.g.,
from mixing a first reflected pulse signal dataset with a first
delayed pulse signal dataset), and where the second mixing
component 134'' is operable to generate a second phase detected
pulse signal dataset (e.g., from mixing a second reflected pulse
signal dataset with the second delayed pulse signal dataset).
[0066] Any number of detector modules 130 can additionally or
alternatively be included in the RF system 105.
3.2.C Pulse Shaper Module
[0067] The signal modification module 120 can include a pulse
shaper module 142 functioning to modulate pulse signals. The pulse
shaper module 142 include any one or more of: a pulse width
modulator, NAND gates, AND gates, ring modulator, plate modulator,
Heising modulator, control grid modulator, clamp tude modulator,
Doherty modulator, outphasing modulator, and/or other suitable
signal modulation component. The signal modification module 120 is
preferably operable to generate a modulated pulse signal
dataset.
[0068] The signal modification module 120 is preferably
electrically coupled to the RF sensor device 110 and/or a delay
module 121. As such, incident signals transmitted by an RF sensor
device 110 and/or the pulse signals delayed by the delay module 121
can be derived from the modulated pulse signal dataset.
Additionally or alternatively, the signal modification module 120
can be electrically coupled to any suitable component (e.g., a
processing and control system 150 that generates a pulse width
modulated pulse signal dataset.
[0069] In a variation, the signal modification module 120 can
include a pulse shaper module 142. The pulse shaper module 142 can
be electrically coupled to a pulse signal generator 160, where the
pulse shaper module 142 can be operable to generate a modulated
pulse signal dataset derived from the set of pulse signals
generated by the pulse signal generator 160. The pulse shaper
module 142 preferably modulates a pulse signal dataset to define a
an envelope shape (e.g., a damped sinusoidal envelope), but a pulse
signal possessing any suitable envelope and/or other
characteristics can be generated with the pulse signal generator
160 and/or the signal modification module 120. In an example, the
signal modification module 120 can include a frequency modification
module operable to dynamically adjust the frequency of a pulse
signal envelope. The frequency optimization unit can dynamically
tune the frequency of the envelope (e.g., damped sinusoidal
envelope) to obtain a target received signal amplitude and/or to
minimize signal noise. The frequency modification module can be
implemented as hardware (e.g., retained in the housing 170 of the
RF system 105), as software (e.g., executable by the processing and
control system 150), disposed at a network connected device, and/or
be implemented in any suitable form.
[0070] Any number of pulse shaper modules 142 can additionally or
alternatively be included in the RF system 105. However, the signal
modification module 120 can be configured in any other suitable
manner.
3.3 Processing and Control System
[0071] The system 100 can include a processing and control system
150 communicably coupled to the signal modification module 120, the
processing and control system 150 operable to generate a biometric
measurement result for the user based on the modified reflected
signal dataset. The processing and control system 150 functions to
receive, process, and/or transmit signal data derived from a
reflected signal dataset collected at an RF sensor device 110. The
processing and control system 150 can additionally or alternatively
function to control power provision, to control signal modification
by the signal modification module 120, and/or perform any other
suitable operation. The processing and control system 150 can
additionally or alternatively include a processing subsystem 152, a
communications module 154, a power module 156, and/or any other
suitable component.
[0072] The processing and control system 150 can be fully and/or
partially implemented as part of the RF system 105 (e.g., retained
in a housing 170 of the RF system 105), with one or more remote
servers, with a distinct user device (e.g., a user mobile phone
310, a laptop, a desktop, a tablet, a medical device, etc.), and/or
in any suitable configuration.
[0073] The processing and control system 150 is preferably mounted
to and/or integrated with the substrate 108 (e.g., printed circuit
board), but can be alternatively distinct from a substrate 108. The
processing and control system 150 can be positioned proximal a
first edge of the substrate 108, and distanced a second opposing
edge of the substrate 108 (e.g., where an RF sensor device 110 is
proximal). Components of the processing and control system 150 can
be integrated with one or more substrates 108, be distinct
components, and/or possess any suitable form. For example, charging
circuitry in power module 156 can be embodied in a separate printed
circuit board or integrated into a main printed circuit board.
However, the processing and control system 150 can possess any
suitable geometry, orientation, location, construction materials,
and/or any other suitable characteristic.
[0074] Further, the processing and control system 150 is preferably
electrically coupled to other components (e.g., RF sensor devices
110, signal modification modules 120, pulse signal generators 160,
conditioning modules 140, supplemental sensor modules 165, input
modules 180, output modules 185, etc.), but can be otherwise
related to components of the system. Components of the processing
and control system 150 can be activated manually (e.g., by a user
input at the input module 180), automatically (e.g., in response to
satisfaction of a condition), continuously, periodically,
externally (e.g., through external signaling from a remote server),
and/or through any suitable means.
[0075] Any number of RF processing and control systems 150 can
additionally or alternatively be included in the RF system 105.
However, the processing and control system 150 can be configured in
any suitable manner.
3.3.A Processing Subsystem
[0076] The processing and control system 150 can include a
processing subsystem 152 functioning to control components of the
RF system 105, determine parameters for operating components of the
RF system 105, and/or process data collected and/or generated at
the RF system 105. For example, signal data derived from received
reflected signals collected at an RF sensor device 110 can be
received by the processing subsystem 152 for processing. Data
received by the processing subsystem 152 can be stored in memory
153 of the processing subsystem 152, stored in remote databases
(e.g., in response to transmission by the communications module
154), displayed at an output module 185, stored and/or displayed at
a distinct user device, encrypted, and/or otherwise processed. Data
received and/or generated by a processing subsystem 152 can be
stored and/or presented in association with a user identifier
(e.g., name, digital identifier, username and password, biometric
identifier, e-mail, etc.) and/or a user account.
[0077] The processing subsystem 152 is preferably operable between
(e.g., can be operated in an individual mode, operated in multiple
modes in parallel, in serial, etc.) a: control mode, a parameter
determination mode, an output generation mode, and/or any other
suitable mode. In a first variation, the processing subsystem 152
is operable in a control mode for controlling one or more
components of the RF system 105. For example, the processing
subsystem 152 can be operable in a control mode where the
processing system controls the pulse signal generator 160 and the
delay module 121.
[0078] Additionally or alternatively, the processing subsystem 152
can be operable in a parameter determination mode for determining
one or more parameters (e.g., identifying initial parameters,
updating parameters, optimizing parameters, etc.) according to
which components of the RF system 105 (e.g., signal modification
module 120) can be operated. For example, the processing subsystem
152 can be operable in a parameter determination mode where the
processing system determines delay settings (e.g., to communicate
to the delay module 121 for delaying pulse signal dataset). In a
specific example, the processing system can be operable to
determine a first delay setting based on a first preliminary pulse
signal dataset collected at the first RF sensor device 110', and
determine a second delay setting independently from determining the
first delay setting, based on a second preliminary pulse signal
dataset collected at the second RF sensor device 110''. In another
specific example, the processing system can be operable to
determine a delay setting for modifying signal amplitude to be
within a predetermined range of a target amplitude (e.g., defined
based on an input range of an analog-to-digital converter module
148 of the RF system 105).
[0079] Additionally or alternatively, the processing subsystem 152
can be operable in a output generation mode for generating one or
more outputs (e.g., pulse parameters, cardiovascular parameters,
etc.). For example the processing system can be operable to
generate a cardiovascular parameter based on a set of inputs
including one or more: signal datasets derived from a reflected
signal datasets, modified signal datasets (e.g., phase detected
pulse signal datasets, delayed pulse signal datasets, modulated
signal datasets, etc.), RF sensor device 110 parameters (e.g.,
distance between RF sensor devices 110, orientation of RF sensor
devices no), user parameters (e.g., skin thickness, target artery,
body shape, body weight, demographic parameters, etc.),
supplemental sensor data (e.g., motion sensor data, optical sensor
data, etc.), and/or any other suitable parameters.
[0080] Any number of processing subsystems 152 can additionally or
alternatively be included in the RF system 105. However, the
processing subsystem 152 can be configured in any other suitable
manner.
3.3.B Communications Module
[0081] The processing and control system 150 can include a
communications module 154 functioning to receive and/or transmit
signal-related data (e.g., signal datasets, pulse parameters,
biometric measurement results such as cardiovascular parameters,
etc.), control instructions (e.g., for controlling a component of
the RF system 105), user-related data (e.g., user inputs, user
preferences, user metadata, etc.), and/or any other suitable data.
As such, the communications module 154 can function as a central
biometric measurement hub with the capability to expand the scope
of biometric measurements.
[0082] The communications module 154 can be any wired or wireless
interface compatible for communication with network devices
operable to establish communication between any components of the
RF system 105, an information module, and/or any suitable
component. The communications module 154 can include any one or
more of Ethernet, USB, lightning connector 802.11, Bluetooth, ANT+,
Zigbee, Z-wave, ultra-wideband (UWB), near-field communications
(NFC), cellular, satellite, optical, and/or any other suitable
wired and/or wireless technology. The communications module 154 can
be be operable to transmit data in the form of a push notification,
email, alert, tweet, text message, multimedia message, post,
update, and/or any suitable form. The data transmission can be in
real-time, near real-time, scheduled, in a batch, or piggybacked on
other transmissions, and/or otherwise configured.
[0083] In a variation, the RF system 105 can be communicably
coupled to a remote sensor and/or biometric measurement device
through the communications module 154. In another variation, RF
system 105 comprises of memory expansion slots such that additional
memory module(s) can be added for biometric data storage. In
another variation, communication between a distinct user device
(e.g., a user mobile computing device) and the RF system 105 can be
established through the communications module 154. In an example,
the communications module 154 can include a Bluetooth wireless
communications module 154 operable to exchange data and commands
between the distinct user device and the RF system 105. Any number
of communications modules 154 can additionally or alternatively be
included in the RF system 105. However, the communications module
154 can be configured in any suitable manner.
3.3.C Power Module
[0084] The processing and control system 150 can include a power
module 156 functioning to provide power to components of the RF
system 105. The power module 156 can be a battery unit (e.g.,
rechargeable battery), capacitive storage unit, solar cells, energy
scavenging unit or power module 156 for wired or wireless power
transfer. Battery charging can be through USB, outlet, wireless
charging, and/or other suitable means. In an example, charging
could occur through other devices such as laptops or computers, or
built-in charging units in furniture. In a variation, the power
module 156 is nominally in a power efficiency mode that conserves
power resources.
[0085] In another variation, the power module 156 can be operable
in an active operation mode from a lower power mode (e.g., in
response to launching of an application associated with the RF
system 105, in response to detecting an indicator from the user
regarding initiation of signal acquisition, etc.). The active
operation mode can be achieved through wireless wakeup or switching
power modes. The power module 156 can re-enter a low power mode in
response to application termination, signal acquisition completion,
and/or other suitable conditions. The power module 156 can enter a
low power mode immediately upon a trigger event and/or a
predetermined time after the trigger events. Any number of power
modules 156 can additionally or alternatively be included in the RF
system 105. However, the power module 156 can additionally or
alternatively be configured in any suitable manner.
3.3.D Information Module
[0086] The processing and control system 150 can include an
information module 158 functioning to store RF system 105-related
data (e.g., signal-related data, control instructions, user-related
data, etc.) and/or other suitable data. In a variation, RF-system
related data can be synchronized between an information module 158,
an RF system 105, and/or a distinct user device. In another
variation, the information module 158 can be operable to transmit
data in response to a pull (e.g. request for information). The
information module 158 can include any one or more of: a remote
server or a collection of servers, storage devices, or computing
devices such as personal computer, mobile phone 310, home
monitoring system, vehicular system, exercise equipment, or medical
equipment, (e.g. bedside monitors, portable biometric monitoring
devices, hospital patient monitors), and/or other suitable
components located at any suitable location. Any number of
information modules 158 can additionally or alternatively be
included in the RF system 105. However, the information module 158
can be configured in any other suitable manner.
3.4 Pulse Signal Generator
[0087] The system 100 can additionally or alternatively include a
pulse signal generator 160 functioning to generate pules signals
for transmission by an RF sensor device 110, for modification by a
signal modification module 120, and/or for any other suitable
purpose. The pulse signal generator 160 can include a processing
subsystem 152 (e.g., which can also be used as a digital signal
processing unit), but can optionally be distinct from the
processing subsystem 152 used for signal processing. In an example,
as shown in FIG. 8A, the pulse signal generator 160 can generate a
waveform pulse signal. The generated pulse signals can be
transmitted by one or more RF sensor device 110 continuously,
periodically (e.g., at predetermined time intervals, at dynamically
determined temporal indicators such as based on supplemental sensor
data, etc.). In an example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the waveform pulse
signal can include sinusoidal waveforms of fixed amplitude and
duration, and/or any other suitable sinusoidal waveforms. In
another example, as shown in FIG. 8B a periodic pulse wave with a
damped sinusoidal signal as the pulse envelope. In this example,
the pulse signal can possess a low frequency pulse wave of several
MHz with a high frequency damped sinusoidal envelope of several
hundred MHz. However, generated pulse signals can have any suitable
pulse, sinusoids, period, phase, amplitude, frequency, and/or any
suitable characteristic. Furthermore, any quantity of pulse signals
can be generated. For example, the pulse signal generator 160 can
generate a first pulse width modulated pulse signal for
transmission by a first RF sensor device 110' (e.g., after
modulation by a pulse modification module), and a second pulse
width modulated pulse signal for transmission by a second RF sensor
device 110''.
[0088] The pulse signal generator 160 can be implemented in any one
or more of: hardware (e.g., a waveform generator chip), software
(e.g., executable by the processing and control subsystem), and/or
any suitable form. The pulse signal generator 160 can be
electrically coupled to the signal modification module 120 (e.g., a
pulse shaper module 142), a delay module 121, an RF sensor device
110, a detector module 130, a pulse splitter module, and/or any
other suitable component of the RF system 105. Any number of pulse
signal generators 160 can additionally or alternatively be included
in the RF system 105. However, the pulse signal generator 160 can
be configured in any other suitable manner.
3.5 Conditioning Module
[0089] The system 100 can additionally or alternatively include a
conditioning module 140 functioning to condition one or more signal
datasets (e.g., a reflected signal dataset, a delayed signal
dataset, a phase detected signal dataset, etc.) to generate a
conditioned signal dataset for downstream processing by a
processing and control system 150 in generating biometric
measurement results (e.g., cardiovascular parameters). The
conditioning module 140 can include any one or more of: an
amplification module 144, a filtering module 146, a converter
module 148 (e.g., analog-to-digital, digital-to-analog, etc.), a
normalization module, a noise reduction module, a smoothing module,
a model fitting module, a transformation module, and/or any other
suitable conditioning module 140. Any component of the conditioning
module 140 can be coupled to any other component of the
conditioning module 140 (e.g., where the output of a component
feeds into another component as an input) and/or component of the
RF system 105. In examples, as shown in FIGS. 6A-6C, the RF system
105 can include an amplification module 144 electrically coupled to
the detector module 130, and operable to generate an amplified
pulse signal dataset from amplifying a signal dataset (e.g., phase
detected signal dataset); a filtering module 146 electrically
coupled to the amplification module 144, and operable to generate a
filtered pulse signal dataset from filtering the amplified pulse
signal dataset; an analog-to-digital converter module 148
electrically coupled to the filtering module 146, and operable to
generate a digital pulse signal dataset from converting the
filtered pulse signal dataset; and where the processing and control
system 150 is operable in the output generation mode to generate a
biometric measurement result based on the digital pulse signal
dataset.
[0090] In another example, the output of a pulse signal generator
160 can be coupled to an amplification module 144, which can be
coupled to a transmit antenna 114 (e.g., where pulse signals
generated by the pulse signal generator 160 can be amplified, and
subsequently transmitted to the transmit antenna 114 to be
transmitted as incident signals). The output of amplifier 133 can
additionally or alternatively be coupled to a delay module operable
to delay the signals output by the amplification module 144.
[0091] In another example, the output of the detector module 130
can be coupled with a filtering module 146. The filtering module
146 can be operable to filter signals at unwanted frequencies in
order to outputs signals in a desired frequency range. The output
of a filtering module 146 can be coupled with an amplification
module 144, and the resulting signal can be coupled with an analog
to digital converter (ADC). In an example, the signal input into
ADC 125 is a representation of the repetition frequency of the
reflected signal. Any number of conditioning modules 140 can
additionally or alternatively be included in the RF system 105.
However, a conditioning module 140 can be otherwise configured.
3.6 Supplemental Sensor Module
[0092] The system 100 can additionally or alternatively include a
supplemental sensor module 165 functioning to collect supplemental
sensor datasets for use in generating biometric measurement
results, dynamically initiating signal acquisition, and/or for any
other suitable purpose.
[0093] The supplemental sensor module 165 can include any one or
more of: motion sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.),
optical sensors (e.g., infrared light sensor, photosensor, LED
light sensor for photoplethysmography, cameras, ambient light
sensors, ultraviolet light sensors, etc.), bioelectrical signal
sensors (e.g., ECG sensors, EEG, sensors, etc.), bioimpedance
sensors (e.g., GSR sensors, EIT sensors), audio sensors (e.g.,
microphones), location sensors (e.g., GPS, magnetometers, proximity
sensors), temperature sensors (e.g., humidity sensors,
thermometers, ambient temperature sensor, etc.), barometers,
biometric sensors (e.g., fingerprint sensor, nucleic acid analyzer,
perspiration sensor, pulse oximeter, weight, blood analyzer),
and/or any other suitable sensors.
[0094] The supplemental sensor module 165 is preferably
communicably coupled to a processing system 150 (e.g., operable to
receive and/or process supplemental sensor datasets, to generate
and/or transmit control instructions to the supplemental sensor
module 165 such as to initiate signal acquisition.
[0095] The supplemental sensor module 165 can be positioned
proximal, distant, and/or at any suitable location an RF sensor
device 110 and/or any other suitable component of the RF system
105. The supplemental sensor module 165 is preferably retained
within a housing 170 of the RF system 105, but can additionally or
alternatively be implemented fully or partially at a distinct user
device (e.g., the supplemental sensor module 165 can include a
motion sensor of a user's mobile phone 310). However, the
supplemental sensor module 165 can be positioned at any suitable
location.
[0096] The supplemental sensor module 165 can be operable to
collect supplemental sensor data concurrently with an RF sensor
device 110 collecting RF sensor datasets, but can additionally or
alternatively be operable to collect supplemental sensor data
independent of RF sensor device 110 signal acquisition, and/or at
any suitable time. Any number of supplemental sensor modules 165
can additionally or alternatively be included in the RF system 105.
However, the supplemental sensor module 165 can be configured in
any suitable manner.
3.7 Housing
[0097] As shown in FIG. 16, the system 100 can include one or more
housings 170 retaining one or more other components of the RF
system 105. The housing 170 functions to mechanically support
and/or shield components of the RF system 105 (e.g., the RF sensor
device 110, the signal modification module 120, components of the
processing and control system 150, etc.). The housing 170 can
additionally or alternatively include a band 172. The housing 170
preferably substantially enclose components of the RF system 105,
but can additionally or alternatively partially enclose or not
enclose components of the RF system 105.
[0098] As shown in FIGS. 15A-15D, the housing 170 can embody a card
(e.g., rectangular prism) form factor. In examples, the housing 170
can define a front side, and opposing back side, a bottom side, a
top side, and opposing side walls. In a specific example, the front
side can define a output module region (e.g., at which an output
module 185 can be positioned). In another example, a side wall can
include an input module region (e.g., at which an input module 180
such as a button can be positioned). However, any suitable
components can be positioned at and/or have any suitable positional
relationship to regions of the housing 170.
[0099] One or more portions of the housing 170 can be substantially
flexible, substantially rigid, and/or have any suitable rigidity
level. For example, the housing 170 can include a flexible band 172
physically adaptable to the contour of an arm region of the user
(e.g., proximal the brachial artery). In another example, the
housing 170 can be substantially rigid and possess a rectangular
form factor.
[0100] The housing 170 is preferably substantially fluid
impermeable, but can alternatively be permeable to fluid. The
housing 170 can be constructed with materials including any one or
more of: metals (steel, copper tungsten, aluminum, etc.), plastics
(e.g., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, etc.), glass (e.g.,
fiberglass, etc.), elastomers (e.g., silicone rubber), polymers,
and/or any other suitable materials. In a specific example, as
shown in FIGS. 15A and 15C, the housing 170 can be constructed with
plastic parts forming the top and bottom sides of the housing 170,
and a metal frame 70c disposed in between the top 70a and bottom
70b parts. The metal frame 70c can provides stiffness and/or
structure to housing 170.
[0101] The housing 170 can additionally or alternatively include a
coupling mechanism (e.g., coupling mechanisms associated with a
band 172, and/or other support structure enabling the RF system 105
to be worn on the body and/or proximal the body of one or more
users). Any number of housings 170 can additionally or
alternatively be included in the RF system 105. However, the
housing 170 can be configured in any suitable manner.
3.8 Input Module
[0102] As shown in FIGS. 15B and 15D, the system 100 can
additionally or alternatively include an input module 180
functioning to receive a user input for operating the RF system
105. The input module can be positioned at any one or more of: the
RF system 105, a distinct user device (e.g., a paried mobile phone
310, a paried smart watch, a medical device, a laptop, etc.). User
inputs can include any one or more of: commands to select a
software application, initiate biometric data collection, terminate
biometric data collection, initiate data analysis, interact with
biometric measurement results, schedule a care provider
appointment, contact a care provider, communicate biometric
measurement results to an individual, and/or perform any other
suitable action. For example, the input module 180 can be operable
to receive a user input indicating subject profile information such
as age, gender, weight, exercise frequency, past medical history,
income level, education level, personal habits (e.g. smoker,
drinker, etc.), etc. Such information can be used in biometric
measurement result computations and/or interpretations. Input
module 180 can include any one or more of: a button, switch, dial,
touch screen, keyboard, touchpad, microphone, trackball, gesture
recognition unit, gaze tracking unit, remote control interface
operable to interface with an external remote controller, and/or
any other suitable input means.
[0103] In an example, the input module 180 is a button operable to
be pressed by a user to initiate signal acquisition (e.g., by an RF
sensor device 110, by a supplemental sensor module 165, etc.), and
corresponding biometric measurement results (e.g., cardiovascular
parameters) can be presented at the output module 185 (e.g.,
displayed on the display unit). The button can also be used to
enable other functions, such as displaying measurement history,
battery power level, date, time, among others, based on timing of
click, number of clicks, duration of click, among others.
[0104] Any number of input modules 180 can additionally or
alternatively be included in the RF system 105. However the input
module 180 can be configured in any suitable manner.
3.9 Output Module
[0105] The system 100 can additionally or alternatively include an
output module 185 functioning to present RF system 105-related data
to one or more entities (e.g., a user, a care provider, a family
member, etc.). The output module 185 can include any one or more
of: a haptic feedback module, an audio feedback module, a visual
feedback module such as a display or projector, and/or any suitable
type of feedback module. The display can include any one or more
of: LCD, LED, organic LED, electronic paper, and/or any suitable
components. Organic LEDs can include any one or more of: a passive
matrix, active matrix, transparent, top-emitting, foldable, white,
etc.). The output module 185 can be operable to present
notifications (e.g., to initiate signal acquisition, to perform
other actions, etc.) to the user. Notifications can be presented
based on timers, satisfaction of conditions (e.g., lack of signal
acquisition for a predetermined period of time), and/or based on
any suitable criteria. The output module can be included with the
RF system 105, a distinct user device (e.g., smart watch, mobile
phone 310, laptop, desktop computer, medical device, etc.). Any
number of output modules 185 can additionally or alternatively be
included in the RF system 105. However, the output module 185 can
be configured in any other suitable manner.
3.10 Additional or Alternative Variations
[0106] In a variation, as shown in FIGS. 9-10, the system 100 can
include a plurality of RF systems 105', 105''. The RF systems 105
are preferably communicably coupled (e.g., through wired means,
wireless means, in real-time, in batch based on a configurable
condition, etc.), but can alternatively be communicable independent
(e.g., where each RF system 105 is communicably coupled to a
distinct user device and/or information module 158 but communicably
independent from each other). The RF systems 105 can operate
dependently or independently from each other. In an example, a user
can wear and/or position two RF systems 105 on opposing arm regions
(e.g., opposing wrists).
[0107] In a specific example, the system 100 can include a first RF
system 105' including a first and second RF sensor device 110',
110'' (e.g., where the first and second RF sensor device 110',
110'' are included in a first RF sensor device module); and a
second RF system 105'' including a third and a fourth RF sensor
device 110''', 110'''' (e.g., where the first and second RF sensor
device 110''', 110'''' are included in a second RF sensor device
module.). The first RF sensor device module can be operable to
generate a first reflected signal dataset, and each RF sensor
device of the first RF sensor mdule can be operable in a receiving
mode wherein the RF sensor device receives signals reflected from
first incident signals proximal a first artery of the user, the
first incident signals derived from the set of signals. The second
RF sensor device module can be operable to generate a second
reflected signal dataset, and each RF sensor device of the second
RF sensor mdule can be operable in a receiving mode wherein the RF
sensor device receives signals reflected from second incident
signals proximal a second artery of the user, the second incident
signals derived from the set of signals. In this or another
specific example, a processing and control system 150 (e.g., of the
first RF system 105', of the second RF system 105'', distinct from
the RF systems 105, etc.) can be operable in an output generation
mode to generate a cardiovascular parameter based on a plurality of
cardiovascular parameters (e.g., differences in blood pressure
parameters) derived from a plurality of pulse signal datasets
(e.g., a first reflected pulse signal dataset derived from the
first RF system 105', and a second reflected pulse signal dataset
derived from the second RF system 105''). Differences in blood
pressure parameters taken on the left arm versus the right arm can
be correlated with congenital heart disease, aortic dissection,
peripheral vascular disease, unilateral neuromuscular
abnormalities, and a risk of future cardiovascular conditions.
[0108] In a variation, as shown in FIGS. 9-10, an RF system 105 can
be configured as a master device and one or more other RF systems
105 can be configured as slave devices. For example, the system can
include a first RF system 105' operable as a master RF system 105
and including a processing and control system 150; and a second RF
system 105'' operable as a slave RF system 105, the second RF
system 105'' including a wireless communications module 154
communicably coupled to the processing and control system 150 and
operable between a receiving mode where the wireless communications
module 154 receives control instructions from the master RF system
105, and a transmission mode where the wireless communications
module 154 transmits second RF system 105'' data (e.g., derived
from a reflected pulse signal dataset collected at the second RF
system 105'') to the processing and control system 150. In an
example, as shown in FIG. 10, a slave device can include fewer
circuitry components (e.g., excluding an output module 185)
compared to the master device. In examples, a plurality of RF
system 105 can operate independently, in collaboration, and/or as
part of a master/slave network. The master device can be operable
to consolidate signal-related data retrieved from itself and/or
from any slave devices, to perform data analysis, and/or to output
cardiovascular parameters. In an example, as shown in FIG. 12, the
slave device can be operable to process raw signal data collected
at one or more RF sensor devices no and/or other sensor modules of
the slave RF system 105, and/or to transmit the processed data
(e.g., in real-time, in batch, etc.) to the master device.
[0109] In another variation, as shown in FIG. 11, an RF system 105
can be operable as a reference device (e.g., for generating
reference signal datasets used in generating reference
cardiovascular parameters). The reference device can be assigned
manually by a user to a specific body location and/or the
processing and control system 150 can be operable to automatically
assign a device as the reference device. In an example, the arm
that has the higher blood pressure reading over time can be
considered to be the reference arm. In an example, automatic
reference device assignment is based on current and/or historical
biometric results at different body locations. For example, the
reference device can be assigned based on a target arm that
consistently measures higher blood pressure compared to the
opposing arm. The reference device can be a master device, a slave
device, a and/or any other suitable device. A user can specify that
the master device be worn on a specific arm (i.e. left).
Additionally or alternatively, a mater and a slave device can be
labeled (e.g., at the housing 170, displayed at the output module
185, etc.) right or left to indicate the appropriate arm, a
software application can indicate to the user which arm to wear
which device, and/or other indicator mechanisms can be
employed.
[0110] In this variation, cardiovascular parameters can be
generated in association with each arterial pulse of the user.
Cardiovascular parameters and/or associated signal datasets from a
plurality of RF systems 105 can be correlated for generating a
pulse-to-pulse delta (e.g., differences between cardiovascular
parameters determined for different physiological locations such as
the opposing arms). In an example, the devices on both arms are
synchronized in time and each signal dataset is timestamped in
order to generate a beat-to-beat comparisons between the two RF
systems 105. Alternatively, time synchronization can be omitted. In
an example, time reference signals (e.g., indicating a temporal
indicator associated with a dataset) can be transmitted
concurrently with the signal data. The device receiving the signal
can examine determine a time offset between the signal datasets
from distinct RF systems 105. The time offset can be used to align
datasets (e.g., signal measurements, output parameters such as
pulse parameters and/or cardiovascular parameters).
[0111] In examples, the pulse-to-pulse delta can be defined as a
difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
parameters between the RF systems 105. The delta can be calculated
as an average from a reference device, a group of devices treated
as a reference group, or pair-wise among a group. In an example,
the system can include a first and second RF system 105'' operable
to collect RF sensor device 110 data at opposing arms, and a third
RF system 105 operable to collect RF sensor device data at a
central artery of the chest. In this example, a delta between
central and peripheral blood pressure can be calculated. In another
example, a set of RF systems 105 can be operable at the arms, legs,
and central artery simultaneously.
[0112] Signal-related data from any one or more of: a reference
device, a non-reference device, a master device, a slave device,
and/or any suitable RF system 105 can be output to the user (e.g.,
at the output module 185). When reporting blood pressure values
from both arms, the value taken from the reference arm can be
indicated as such. The difference in blood pressure readings
between the two arms can be output to the user and an alert can be
provided if the difference exceeds a threshold. In an example, a
reference guide containing information about blood pressure and
blood pressure difference between arms can be provided to the user
on the output module 185.
[0113] In another variation, an RF system 105 can be a stand-alone
apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1. For example, the RF system 105 can
be a standalone wearable device. In another variation, the
components in an RF system 105 and/or multiple RF systems 105 can
be divided among multiple apparatuses with wired and/or wireless
communication means interconnecting the multiple apparatuses. For
example, a subset or all of input modules 180 and/or output module
185 can be disposed on a device physically separated from an RF
system 105. In another example, an RF system 105 can be plugged
into another electronic device for operation. In an example, the RF
system 105 can be integrated within another electronic device, such
as a mobile phone 310, tablet, watch, medical devices, or exercise
equipment, among others. Any one or any combination of sensing,
power, communication, processing, storage, input, output and other
functionalities can be shared between an RF system 105 and the
other electronic devices. In an example, as shown in FIG. 13, an RF
system 105 can be embedded or integrated into a case 300 for an
electronic device, such as a mobile phone 310. In another example,
the RF system 105 can be disposed in and/or integrated into indoor
and/or outdoor environments (e.g., table, chair, bed, wall, home
monitoring system, vehicle). Hence, an RF system 105 can take on a
variety of form factors, including, but not limited to, card, tag,
box, watch, bracelet, ring, pendant, anklet, belt, clip, strap,
clothing, earpiece, headset, glasses, phone, patch, e-skin helmet,
monitoring system, medical equipment, or exercise machine, among
others.
[0114] In another variation, an RF system 105 can be disposed on
any surface via glue, clip, magnet, sticker, tape, Velcro.TM.,
screw, pocket, slot, tension, suction, or by embedding some or all
of the circuitry inside the material making up the surface, among
others. In one variation, the RF system 105 can be integrated into
or disposed on a casing, covers, housings 170, straps, belts, or
other structures used in conjunction with electronic devices (e.g.
watch, mobile phone 310, tablet, laptop, medical device, computer,
vehicle computer). In an example, as shown in FIG. 14A, a substrate
108 of the RF system 105 and a power module 156 are disposed on a
component that is configured to be housed within a mobile phone
case 300. In other examples, an RF system 105 can be disposed on
the back of the mobile phone 310, on the inside surface 352a of the
mobile phone case 300, and/or on the back surface of the mobile
case 300.
[0115] In another variation, the RF system 105 can include an
indicator indicating a location of itself relative to the surface
it is disposed. The indicator can be in the form of markings
indicating orientation and/or distance relative to one or more
sides of the surface. In an example, an indicator can be located
anywhere on a surface. In another example, a mobile phone case 300
(or surface RF system 105 is disposed upon) provides indication
(e.g. markings, grooves, text, etc.) as to the optimal orientation
and/or location of RF system 105. In an example, an application on
mobile phone 310 provides indication to the user as to the proper
orientation and/or location of RF system 105, possibly after
determining the model and/or dimensions of the mobile phone 310, as
shown in FIG. 4. In an example, mobile phone 310 determines the
location and/or orientation of RF system 105 based on transmitted
the RF signal profile, heat profile, accelerometer and gyrometer
readings based on movement (e.g. vibration) of mobile phone 310,
and/or digital image possibly captured by the mobile phone's 310
camera. For example, a digital photograph of RF system 105 disposed
on a mobile phone case or back cover of mobile phone 310 can be
analyzed (e.g. object recognition) by software on mobile phone 310.
The analysis can indicate relative location and orientation of RF
system 105 and/or components such as antenna 112 134, as shown in
FIG. 4. This information can then used to provide an indication to
a user for the optimal measurement position. In an example,
processing subsystem 152 or mobile phone 310 determines whether or
not a target is positioned properly based on sensor measurement
values and/or analysis results. If the position of the target is
incorrect or suboptimal, an output via output module 185 and/or
software on mobile phone 310 provides feedback to the user guiding
the subject to move the target location to a more optimal position.
While this description is for mobile phones, other electronic
devices can be substituted without changing the spirit of the
invention.
[0116] Similarly, the following description uses mobile phone case
as an example, but can be applied to structures used in conjunction
with other electronic devices. For example, FIG. 14A shows an
example of RF system 105 components disposed on a mobile phone case
300. In other examples, case 300 is the back cover of a mobile
phone. In an example, as shown in FIG. 2B, case 300 can include two
pieces 301 and 302. The RF system 105 can be positioned on
component 350 and/or fastened in piece 301. The other piece, 302,
is laid on 301 such that RF system 105 can be sandwiched between
301 and 302, thereby securely positioned in case 300. In an
example, RF system 105 has an input module 180 in the form of a
button. The button can be used to activate RF system 105, reset RF
system 105, or for other input functions. Such a button can be
accessible to a user through the case 300 on the back exterior
surface 352b or accessible on the inside of case 300. While the
example described provides a button as an example, any other
suitable other input means can be substituted. In another example,
case 300 includes an input module 180 and an output module 185 such
that a user interacts with RF system 105 and receives output on
case 300. In an example, the back 352b of case 300 has an indented
region 356 to aid the user in the proper positioning of the case
relative to a subject's target (e.g. radial artery near a wrist),
as shown in FIG. 14C. In another example, the back 352b of case 300
has markings 358 to aid the user in the proper positioning of the
case for biometric measurements, as shown in FIG. 14D. The markings
358 can be printed text or diagrams, tactile indications (e.g.
embossed dots, braille, indented grooves) or indications with a
different color, material, or finish. In an example, the dimension
of case 300 is designed to form a fit with mobile phone 310. In
another example, a region in the front of case 300 is designed to
form a fit with mobile phone 310. In another example, case 300 is a
folio type of case whereby mobile phone 310 is on one side of the
case while RF system 105, or components of RF system 105 are
situated on the other side of the case. In an example, case 300
includes three or more pieces. Two of the pieces 301, 302 form a
secure sandwiching of RF biometric RF system 105 as mentioned
before and shown in FIG. 14B. The third piece 353 is slid on and
off from the other two pieces 301, 302. Mobile phone 310 also
slides into the other two pieces 301, 302. Once mobile phone 310 is
inserted into the case 300, the third piece 353 is inserted onto
the other two pieces 301, 302. In another example, the circuitry of
RF system 105 is disposed on a flexible substrate material 350,
thereby allowing flexible integration into a case 300 of any shape
and/or size. In general, RF system 105 disposed on flexible
substrate material 350 can be a stand-alone device fashioned in
different shapes (e.g. bracelet) or shaped according to integration
areas in other devices. In an example, case 300 comprises of shock
absorbing material and/or protective structure around at least one
surface of RF system 105 to provide drop or impact protection. In
an example, case 300 comprises connector ports (e.g. USB,
lightening connector) to interconnect external sensor and/or
biometric measurement device(s) to RF system 105. This enables RF
system 105 to act as a central biometric measurement hub with the
capability to expand the scope of biometric measurements. In
another example, case 300 comprises of memory expansion slots such
that additional memory module(s) can be added for biometric data
storage. In an example, case 300 comprises access to RF system 105
such that RF system 105 can be physically reset, diagnosed, or
replaced. In an example, successive generations of RF system 105
are designed such that they can fit into the same case 300. This
allows RF system 105 to be upgraded without changing the case.
[0117] As shown in FIG. 4, the RF system 105 can be operable to be
positioned by a user holding a mobile phone 310 near an artery
(e.g., radial artery) in the arm. Alternatively, mobile phone 310
can lean against a radial artery. As shown in FIG. 4, the display
312 on mobile phone 310 can displays an image, animation, or video
to show proper positioning of case 300 relative to the target area
of the subject. For example, an image shows an arm/wrist 52/53 on
display 312 which visually indicates to a subject where to position
his/her arm/wrist. For certain applications, such as blood pressure
monitoring, the optimal antenna 112 position 60 is on top of the
radial artery above the wrist. The case 300 is positioned on the
inside of the arm 52 (palm facing up) and the antenna 112 is
aligned to the top (thumb-side) of the arm 52. In an example, an
application on mobile phone 310 determines what model of case 300
is being used and/or what phone the application is running on. The
determination can comprise reading identifying information such as
case ID or model number stored in memory 153 via the communications
module 154. The application can then determines where the visual
indicators should be positioned on the phone display based on the
determination of the phone identifying information.
[0118] In an example, as shown in FIG. 3, RF system 105 can include
a subset of RF system 105 components. For example, RF system 105
can exclude an output module 185, and a subset of other
supplemental sensor module 165 (e.g. GPS). In this case, a user can
activate the RF system 105 via a software application 314 and the
input module 311 on the mobile phone 310. The software application
314 and components of mobile phone's 310 hardware control RF system
105 to collect biometric data using the RF biometric sensor 101. In
this example, RF system 105 processes and analyzes the signal data
and sends the results to mobile phone 310 (e.g., at a mobile device
communications module 315) for display to the user via output
module 312. For example, heart rate and/or systolic and diastolic
blood pressure reading are generated based on biometric data
collected using the RF biometric sensor 101 and are displayed on a
touchscreen 312 on mobile phone 310. FIG. 3A shows the biometric
measurement results displayed on mobile phone 310. Other
information can also be displayed (e.g. progress, battery level,
time, subject etc.). In another example, mobile phone 310 gathers
sensing data from RF system 105, and possibly sensing data from
itself to perform some or all signal processing and analysis to
generate measurement results. In another example, mobile phone 310
gathers sensing data from sensors and/or from networked devices in
addition to sensing data or measurement results from the RF
biometric sensor 101 to generate contextual information and/or
improve the accuracy of the biometric measurement result. One of
skill in the art would understand that other functional divisions
between RF system 105 and mobile phone 310 are possible. In an
example, RF system 105 is activated manually through input means
such as, but not limited to, button, tap, or gesture. In an
example, under control of the software application 314, the
measurement results are transmitted by mobile phone 310 to
information module 158 via mobile phone 310. In another example, RF
system 105 transmits the measurement results to information module
158 without first transmitting the results to mobile phone 310.
[0119] In another variation, the RF system 105 can be a part of a
smart environment with interoperability with other sensors in the
environment. For example, a smart environment can be a smart home
or smart vehicle (e.g. car, boat, bus, plane). In an example,
biometric measurement results can be classified into several
classes. For example, the classes can be normal, worsening, or
critical. A list of contacts (e.g. friends, family, caretaker,
nurse, doctor, insurance agency) can be notified when measurements
fall under worsening and/or critical. Emergency personnel can be
notified when measurements fall under critical. When measurements
fall under certain classes such as worsening or critical, RF system
105 and/or other device in communication contact with RF system 105
can be operated to capture location, video, audio, picture, text or
other data and sent to predetermined entities. RF system 105 can be
a part of an existing wireless network such as ZigBee, Z-wave,
WiFi, or other local area network. The network can or can not have
a centralized controller. If there is a centralized controller, RF
system 105 can send an alert command to the controller in response
to detecting a critical condition. The controller can control other
sensors and/or actuators to respond to the alert. In an example,
data from RF system 105 can be the basis for operating a door lock
such that others can get in a house, a room or a vehicle when a
critical condition is detected. The controller can command a door
lock to open when authorized personnel wishes to gain access to the
house, room or vehicle. In another example, the controller can
command a door lock to open immediately. In an example, the
presence or proximity of RF system 105 can be used to indicate
whether or not a subject has left the house, room, or vehicle. If
the subject is no longer present, the controller can command the
lock to be locked. Similarly, biometric measurements from RF system
105 can be a basis for turning on/off lights (e.g. turning on porch
light for emergency workers), thermostat, stove, fridge, and any
other sensor/actuator devices in the environment. Biometric
measurements from RF system 105 can be the basis of putting other
sensors/actuators into predetermined operational states (e.g.
activating hazard light in vehicle, activating vehicle braking,
putting vehicle in self-operating mode, blinking porch light to
notify passersby or neighbours, safely stopping exercise
equipment). If the network does not have a controller, the RF
system 105 can send alert information to other sensors/actuators
directly or via other network nodes. In an example, biometric
measurements from RF system 105 can indicate that a subject is
exercising, sleeping, or in other states. Such indications can be
used to put other sensors/actuators and/or electronic devices into
preconfigured settings. For example, if a subject is sleeping,
electronic devices can be put into do not disturb mode. Thermometer
settings can be adjusted. On the other hand, if a subject is
exercising, the thermometer setting can be lowered.
[0120] In an example, an alert from RF system 105 indicating
critical condition can be sent to nearby vehicles or roadside
connected vehicle infrastructure. Such alert can put nearby
vehicles into emergency response mode (e.g. slow down, stop, move
away) or influence traffic light control to prevent collisions.
[0121] In another variation, the RF system 105 can be a part of a
smart body environment with interoperability with other wearable or
embedded sensors or actuators. For example, a measured high blood
pressure condition can be used to trigger automatic dispensing of
medication, for example, through a wearable patch. In another
example, RF system 105 can send alert signal to other user (e.g.
doctors, emergency personnel) to remotely operate an on-body device
to dispense medication, activate implanted defibrillator or other
implanted devices. In another example, upon receiving alert, other
users can connect with the subject via telephone, computer or
teleconferencing to provide instructions to the subject or local
care provider.
[0122] In an example, RF system 105 provides alert to a user if it
is not being worn or if the device is not being worn by the right
person. The determination can be achieved via biometric
measurements and statistics.
[0123] In an example, RF system 105 can be in communication contact
with a medicine dispenser. When measured biometric result exceeds a
predetermined threshold, the medicine dispenser can alert the user
(e.g. vibrate, audio) to take medication. The medicine dispenser
can in addition dispense the appropriate amount and type of
medicine based on the biometric results. However, the system 100
and/or components of the system 100 can be configured in any
suitable manner.
4. Method
[0124] As shown in FIG. 17, an embodiment of a method for
evaluating cardiovascular-related health of a user includes:
collecting a reflected pulse signal dataset including pulse signals
reflected in response to pulse signal transmission by an RF system
towards an artery of the user S210; generating a modified pulse
signal dataset based on modifying the reflected pulse signal
dataset S220; and generating one or more biometric measurement
results based on one or more pulse parameters derived from the
modified pulse signal dataset, the biometric measurement result
indicating the health of the user S230. Generating the one or more
biometric measurement results can additionally or alternatively
include: conditioning one or more pulse signal datasets (e.g., a
reflected pulse signal dataset) S232, generating one or more pulse
parameters describing pulse signals derived from the reflected
pulse signal dataset S234, filtering signal-related data outliers
S236, and/or weighting signal-related data S238.
[0125] The method can additionally or alternatively include:
controlling signal acquisition operation S240, and/or outputting RF
system-related information to the user S250.
[0126] In a variation, a method for evaluating
cardiovascular-related health of a user includes: at each of a
first and a second RF sensor device of an RF system, collecting a
reflected pulse signal dataset including pulse signals reflected in
response to pulse signal transmission by the RF system towards an
artery of the user; at a delay module of the RF system, generating
a delayed pulse signal dataset based on delaying a pulse signal
dataset with a delay setting for modifying pulse signal amplitude
to be within a predetermined range of a target signal amplitude; in
response to collecting the reflected pulse signal dataset and
generating the delayed pulse signal dataset, mixing the reflected
pulse signal dataset and the delayed pulse signal dataset, thereby
generating a phase detected pulse signal dataset; generating an
amplitude-adjusted pulse signal dataset within the predetermined
range of the target signal amplitude, based on conditioning the
phase detected pulse signal dataset; determining a pulse parameter
based on the amplitude-adjusted pulse signal dataset, the pulse
parameter describing arterial motion of the artery; and determining
a cardiovascular parameter based on the pulse parameter, the
cardiovascular parameter indicating the cardiovascular-related
health of the user.
[0127] The method functions to use a single- and/or multi-RF-based
approach to non-invasively determining one or more biometric
measurement results (e.g., cardiovascular parameters) describing
the cardiovascular-related health of one or more users. The method
can additionally or alternatively function to improve signal
quality of signals collected by the RF system, such as through
processing collected pulse signals into a suitable form for
generating accurate biometric measurement results based on the
modified pulse signals.
[0128] The method is preferably implemented by the system described
above, but can be partially or fully implemented by a distinct user
device (e.g., mobile phone, laptop, tablet, desktop, etc.) and/or
any suitable device capable of deriving biometric measurement
results from signal datasets collected by RF systems.
4.1 Collecting a Reflected Pulse Signal Dataset.
[0129] As shown in FIG. 17, Block S210 recites: collecting a
reflected pulse signal dataset including pulse signals reflected in
response to pulse signal transmission by an RF system towards an
artery of the user. Block S210 functions to collect reflected pulse
signals derived from incident signals transmitted towards a
physiological region of the user, for downstream processing in
generating biometric measurement results.
[0130] The reflected signal dataset preferably includes signals
reflected by the target physiological region of the user, but can
include any suitable reflected signals (e.g., signals reflected by
clothing, by proximal objects, etc.). The reflected signal dataset
is preferably includes reflected pulse signals but can additionally
or alternatively include continuous wave, substantially continuous,
discrete, pulse signals, other wave signals and/or any suitable
signal types.
[0131] Collecting a reflected pules signal dataset is preferably in
response to transmission of incident signals by one or more RF
sensor devices of one or more RF system. Reflected signal data from
a plurality of RF sensor devices and/or RF systems can be
aggregated into a single reflected pulse signal dataset (e.g., by
the processing and control subsystem, by a processor of an RF
sensor device, etc.), multiple reflected pulse signal datasets,
and/or otherwise combined or compartmentalized.
[0132] In a variation, the method can include collecting one or
more reflected pulse signal datasets at a plurality of RF sensor
devices. For example, the method can include collecting a first
reflected pulse signal dataset at a first RF sensor device, and
collecting a second reflected pulse signal dataset at a second RF
sensor device (e.g., positioned at a known distance from the first
RF sensor device). In this example, the first reflected pulse
signal dataset can include pulse signals reflected in response to
pulse signal transmission by a transmitter block of the first RF
sensor device, and the second reflected pulse signal dataset can
include pulse signals reflected in response to pulse signal
transmission by a transmitter block of the second RF sensor
device.
[0133] In this variation, the method can include concurrently
collecting reflected signal datasets at a plurality of RF sensor
devices, each reflected pulse signal dataset associated with a
single time period. Additionally or alternatively, collecting
reflected signal datasets at different RF sensor devices can be
performed substantially concurrently, in serial, and/or at any
suitable time in relation to each other. Collecting the reflected
signal datasets can include generating an aggregate reflected
signal dataset based on combining one or more reflected signal
datasets (e.g., averaging, summing, normalizing, subtracting
values, etc.) corresponding to a same time period, where the method
can include modifying the aggregate reflected signal dataset at the
signal modification module.
[0134] In this variation, the method can include transmitting a
reflected pulse signal dataset from a first RF sensor device to a
second sensor module (e.g., that is communicably coupled to the
processing and control subsystem, where a single RF sensor device
is directly electrically coupled to the processing and control
subsystem).
[0135] Collecting a reflected pulse signal dataset is preferably
performed at a receiver block (e.g., including one or more receive
antennas), where the pulse signals are reflected in response to
transmission of incident signals by a transmitter block (e.g.
including one or more transmit antennas). However, any suitable
component can collected reflected pulse signal datasets.
[0136] Collecting a reflected pulse signal dataset is preferably
performed after transmission of incident signals by a transmitter
block, but can be performed substantially concurrently with signal
transmission (e.g., updating the dataset as reflected pulse signals
are collected by one or more receiver blocks), and/or at any
suitable time. The reflected signal dataset and/or individual
reflected signal data of the dataset can be associated with a
temporal indicator (e.g., time point, time duration, time period,
etc.) indicating when the signals were collected at the RF sensor
device, when the corresponding incident signals were transmitted,
and/or indicating any other suitable event.
[0137] Collecting a reflected pulse signal dataset can additionally
or alternatively include providing one or more RF systems operable
to collect RF sensor device signal data at one or more
physiological regions of the user. Target physiological regions
preferably include arteries (e.g., proximal the arm, wrist, chest,
etc.), but can additionally or alternatively include the aorta,
veins, and/or any suitable physiological region exhibiting
movement. Providing the RF system can include providing one or more
standalone RF systems, RF systems integrated with a distinct user
device (e.g., a user mobile phone, a user mobile phone case),
and/or RF systems in any suitable form. However, providing one or
more RF systems can be performed in any suitable manner.
[0138] Collecting a reflected pulse signal dataset can additionally
or alternatively include generating one or more signals (e.g.,
pulse signals as shown in FIG. 19A) with a signal generator (e.g.,
pulse signal generator) of the RF system. Generated pulse signals
can be used for transmitting incident signals (e.g., with an RF
sensor device), modifying signal datasets (e.g., used as a
constituent signal for mixing signals derived from the generated
pulse signals with signals derived from reflected signal datasets),
and/or for any suitable purpose. However, generating one or more
signals can be performed in any suitable manner.
[0139] Collecting a reflected pulse signal dataset can additionally
or alternatively include transmitting incident signals (e.g.,
generated as in Block S210, modified as in Block S220, etc.)
towards a target physiological region. Transmitting incident
signals is preferably performed with one or more transmit antennas
(e.g., forming a transmitter block), but can be performed by any
suitable entity. Transmitting incident signals can be performed by
any suitable number of RF sensor devices and/or RF systems.
However, transmitting incident signals can be performed in any
suitable manner. However, collecting a reflected signal dataset can
be performed in any other suitable manner.
4.2 Generating a Modified Signal Dataset.
[0140] As shown in FIG. 17, Block S220 recites: generating a
modified pulse signal dataset based on modifying the reflected
pulse signal dataset. Block S220 functions to modify signal data
collected by one or more RF sensor devices to improve signal
quality for determining biometric measurement results.
[0141] Generating a modified signal dataset can additionally or
alternatively include: generating a delayed pulse signal dataset,
generating a phase detected pulse signal dataset, generating a
modulated pulse signal dataset, and/or any suitable operation.
Block S220 can include generating a modified signal dataset from
one or more of a: reflected signal dataset, generated signal
dataset (e.g., from a signal generator), a different modified
signal dataset, and/or any suitable signal dataset.
[0142] Generating a modified signal dataset is preferably performed
at one or more of a: a delay module, a detector module, and/or a
pulse shaper module, as described above, but can additionally or
alternatively be performed at the processing and control system
and/or any other suitable component. Generating a modified signal
dataset is preferably performed subsequent to collecting a
reflected signal dataset at an RF sensor device, but can
additionally or alternatively be performed concurrently (e.g.,
modifying first collected reflected signal data while concurrently
collecting new reflected signal data) and/or at any suitable time.
However, generating a modified signal dataset can be performed at
any suitable time.
4.2.A Generating a Delayed Pulse Signal Dataset
[0143] As shown in FIGS. 17 and 20, Block S222 recites: generating
a delayed pulse signal dataset, which functions to delay one or
more signals in order to improve signal quality deficiencies (e.g.,
signal saturation as shown in FIG. 19B, weak signals as shown in
FIG. 19C, noisy signals, etc.). Block S222 can additionally or
alternatively include determining a delay setting and/or updating a
delay setting.
[0144] Block S222 preferably includes generating a delayed signal
dataset from generated signal datasets generated at a signal
generator, but any suitable signal dataset can be delayed. Delayed
signal datasets are preferably transmitted to a distinct signal
modification module (e.g., a detector module), but can additionally
or alternatively be transmitted to an RF sensor device for
transmission as incident signals, and/or transmitted to any
suitable component.
[0145] Block S222 preferably includes generating a delay pulse
signal dataset (e.g., at a delay module of the RF system) based on
delaying a pulse signal dataset with a delay setting (e.g., delay
value, delay line selection for a set of delay lines) for modifying
pulse signal amplitude to be within a predetermined range of a
target signal amplitude. The target signal amplitude can be
predetermined (e.g., manually determined), automatically determined
(e.g., based on preliminary biometric measurement results, based on
supplemental sensor datasets such as motion sensor data indicating
user motion, etc.), and/or otherwise determined. For example,
determining a target signal amplitude can be based on a maximum
signal amplitude processable by a signal modification module. In a
specific example, determining a target signal amplitude can be
based on a proportion (e.g., 60%) of the maximum input signal
amplitude processable by a converter module (e.g., an
analog-to-digital converter module). Additionally or alternatively,
delay settings can be configured for modifying any suitable signal
characteristic to improve signal quality.
[0146] Determining a delay setting can be performed continuously
(e.g., on a pulse-to-pulse basis), periodically (e.g., at
predetermined time intervals), in response to satisfaction of one
or more conditions (e.g., a reflected signal exceeding a threshold
amplitude, a biometric measurement result outside a value range,
detection of a saturated signal amplitude, a weak signal amplitude,
a noisy signal amplitude, etc.) and/or at any suitable time and
frequency. Determining a delay setting is preferably performed at
the processing and control system, but can additionally or
alternatively be performed at any suitable component. In a example,
Block S222 can include, at the processing and control system:
determining one or more delay settings, and transmitting the one or
more delay settings to one or more delay modules for generating a
delayed signal dataset.
[0147] In a variation, Block S222 can include: determining a signal
parameter (e.g., signal amplitude parameter, pulse parameter, etc.)
describing one or more signals of a signal dataset. In examples,
determining a signal parameter can include inputting a signal
dataset into a converter module (e.g., input an analog signal in
the range of -3.3V to 3.3V into an analog-to-digital convert);
converting the signal dataset to digital values (e.g., in the range
between 0 to 2 16) with the converter module; and determining the
signal parameter based on analyzing the digital values to determine
frequency components and/or timing characteristics. In an example,
Block S222 can include detecting a saturated signal amplitude in
response to a signal amplitude parameter indicating a maximum
amplitudes above a first pre-defined threshold (e.g. 42K). In
another example, Block S222 can include detecting a weak signal
amplitude in response to a signal amplitude parameter indicating a
maximum amplitude is below a second pre-defined threshold (e.g.
39K). In another example, Block S222 can include detecting a noisy
signal in response to a signal parameter indicating a number of
frequency components above a third pre-defined threshold and/or in
response to a variance between the timing characteristics. However,
determining a signal parameter can be performed in any suitable
manner.
[0148] In another variation, Block S222 can include: updating a
delay setting based on one or more signal parameters. In an
example, updating a delay setting can include increasing an initial
delay value in response to a signal amplitude parameter (e.g.,
generated for reflected signal dataset, for a modified sign al
dataset, for a conditioned signal dataset, etc.) indicating
saturated signal amplitude. In another example, updating the delay
setting can include decreasing the initial delay value in response
to the amplitude parameter indicating weak signal amplitude. In
another example, updating the delay setting can include increasing
the initial delay value in response to the signal parameter
indicating a noisy signal. In a specific example, Block S222 can
include: generating a subsequent amplitude-adjusted pulse signal
dataset (e.g., subsequent to determining an initial biometric
measurement result based on an initial amplitude-adjusted pulse
signal dataset) based on the delay value; determining a subsequent
signal amplitude parameter describing the subsequent
amplitude-adjusted pulse signal dataset; and in response to the
subsequent signal amplitude parameter being outside the
predetermined range of the target amplitude, updating the delay
value to a modified delay value; and updating the biometric
measurement result (e.g., an initial cardiovascular parameter)
based on an updated amplitude-adjusted pulse signal dataset
generated based on the modified delay value. In another specific
example, updating the delay value can include modifying the delay
setting by an increment (e.g., where the preceding increment can be
divided by half upon every iteration); generating a delayed signal
dataset with the updated delay value; comparing a signal amplitude
parameter for signals derived from the delayed signal dataset to a
signal amplitude parameter condition (e.g., a signal amplitude
within a predetermined range of a target signal amplitude); and
repeating the preceding steps until the signal amplitude parameter
satisfies the signal amplitude parameter condition.
[0149] In another specific example, a delay value is initially set
at a predetermined baseline value. Upon detection of a saturated,
weak, or noisy signal, delay optimization unit 137 adjusts the
delay value according to a fixed amount at fixed time intervals.
The process can be terminated in response to the average signal
amplitude falling within a predetermined range of the target signal
amplitude without exceeding it. In another specific example, the
delay values is continuously updated until the average signal
average signal amplitude (e.g., over a predetermined time period,
etc.) is within a predetermined range to the target signal
amplitude without exceeding it. The updating process can proceed
continuously until signal acquisition is terminated
[0150] In another specific example, Block S222 can include deriving
one or more signal-related data features (e.g., amplitude features,
frequency features, supplemental sensor data features such as
motion data features, biometric measurement result features, pulse
parameter features) based on signals derived from a first delayed
signal dataset with a first delay value, the first delayed signal
dataset associated with a first time period; updating the first
delay value to a second delay value by processing the
signal-related data features with a signal quality model (e.g., a
machine learning model); using the second delay value to generate a
second delayed signal dataset during a second time period
subsequent the first time period; generating a biometric
measurement result from signals derived from the second delayed
signal dataset. However, updating a delay value can be performed in
any suitable manner.
[0151] In a variation, Block S222 can include: generating a first
delayed pulse signal dataset using a first delay setting, and
generating a second delayed pulse signal dataset using a second
delay setting. Generating the first and second delayed pulse signal
datasets can be performed at a same delay module, different delay
modules, and/or at any suitable components. Generating the first
and second delayed pulse signal datasets are preferably performed
substantially concurrently, but can be performed in serial and/or
with any suitable temporal relationship. Generating the delayed
pulse signal dataset preferably includes determining the first
delay setting independently from delaying the second delay setting,
but can alternatively be determined with a dependence relationship
(e.g., determining a first delay value, generating a signal
parameter describing signals derived from a delayed signal dataset
associated with the first delay value, and determining the second
delay value based on the signal parameter), and/or any suitable
relationship. In an example, Block S222 can include determining at
a processing and control system: a first delay value for a first
receiver chain (e.g., including one or more of a first receiver
block, a first delay module, a first detector module, a first
amplifier, a first converter module, etc.), and a second delay
value for a second receiver chain (e.g., including one or more of a
second receiver block, a second delay module, a second detector
module, a second amplifier, a second converter module, etc.).
However, any suitable number of delayed pulse signal datasets can
be generated in any suitable number of receiver chains and/or in
any suitable manner.
[0152] Additionally or alternatively, generating a delayed pulse
signal dataset can be performed in any suitable manner.
4.2.B Generating a Detected Signal Dataset.
[0153] As shown in FIG. 17, Block S224 recites: generating a
detected pulse signal datase, which functions to generate signals
based on a change (e.g., phase, frequency, amplitude, time delay,
etc.) between two or more signals (e.g., by mixing two or more
signals).
[0154] Block S224 preferably includes detecting a change between a
set of constituent signals (e.g., from mixing a set of constituent
signals including one or more delayed signals). For example, Block
S224 can include: in response to collecting the reflected pulse
signal dataset and generating the delayed pulse signal dataset,
mixing the reflected pulse signal dataset and the delayed pulse
signal dataset, thereby generating a phase detected pulse signal
dataset. Mixing a set of constituent signals preferably includes
generating a detected signal dataset possessing one or more
frequency parameters distinct from one or more frequency parameters
associated with the set of constituent signals. However, generating
a detected signal dataset can include generating detected signals
possessing modified signal parameters typifying any suitable signal
parameter type.
[0155] Block S224 preferably includes transmitting a detected
signal dataset to one or more conditioning modules (e.g., an
amplification module), but can additionally or alternatively
include transmitting a detected signal dataset to the processing
and control system and/or any other suitable component. However,
generating a phase pulse signal dataset can be performed in any
suitable manner.
[0156] 4.2.C Generating a Modulated Signal Dataset.
[0157] As shown in FIG. 17, Block S226 recites: generating a
modulated pulse signal dataset, which functions to modify one or
more signal parameters of a signal dataset.
[0158] Generating a modulated signal dataset preferably includes
modifying one or more of: signal frequency parameter, signal
envelope parameter, signal amplitude parameter (e.g., based on
modifying a signal frequency parameter), and/or any other suitable
signal parameter.
[0159] Generating a modulated signal dataset is preferably from
signal datasets generated by a pulse signal generator, but can be
from any suitable signal datasets (e.g., a delayed signal dataset).
Generating a modulated signal dataset preferably includes
transmitting the modulated signal dataset to an RF sensor device
(e.g., for transmission as incident signals), but can additionally
or alternatively include transmitting modulated signal datasets to
a different signal modification module (e.g., a delay module, a
detector module, etc.), and/or any suitable datasets.
[0160] Generating a modulated pulse signal dataset is preferably
performed at a pulse shaper module (e.g., a pulse width modulator),
but can additionally or alternatively be performed at any suitable
component.
[0161] In variation, Block S226 can include updating a pulse shaper
parameter for a pulse shaper module. Updating the pulse shaper
parameter is preferably in response to satisfaction of a signal
parameter condition. For example, in response to a signal amplitude
parameter exceeding a threshold value (e.g. saturated), the pulse
shaper parameter can be modified to increase the frequency of a
signal dataset (e.g., frequency of a damped sinusoidal envelope) to
reduce signal amplitude of a reflected signal dataset and/or other
signal dataset. In other examples, updating a pulse shaper
parameter can be performed in response to detecting a saturated,
weak, and/or noisy signal. Updating a pulse shaper parameter can be
continually performed until a signal parameter falls into a
predetermined range of a target signal parameter (e.g., a signal
amplitude falling into a predetermined range of a target signal
amplitude without exceeding it).
[0162] Updating a pulse shaper parameter can be performed at the
processing and computing system and/or any suitable component.
However, updating a pulse shaper parameter can be carried out
analogously to updating a delay value (e.g., in Block S222), and/or
in any suitable manner. Additionally or alternatively, generating a
modulated pulse signal dataset can be performed in any suitable
manner.
4.3 Generating a Biometric Measurement Result
[0163] As shown in FIG. 17, Block S230 recites: generating one or
more biometric measurement results based on one or more pulse
parameters derived from the modified pulse signal dataset, the
biometric measurement result indicating the health of the user.
Block S230 functions to analyze signal-related data to determine
one or more metrics (e.g., biometric measurement results) assessing
the physiological health of the user. Generating the one or more
biometric measurement results can additionally or alternatively
include: conditioning one or more pulse signal datasets (e.g., a
reflected pulse signal dataset), generating one or more pulse
parameters describing pulse signals derived from the reflected
pulse signal dataset, filtering signal-related data outliers,
and/or weighting signal-related data.
[0164] Biometric measurement results can include any one or more
of: cardiovascular parameters, medical diagnoses, recommended
treatments, respiratory parameters, tissue parameters, immune
system parameters, digestive system parameters, endocrine system
parameters, and/or any other suitable physiological parameters.
Cardiovascular parameters can include any one or more of: blood
pressure parameters (e.g., instantaneous blood pressure, blood
pressure variability, etc.), measures indicative of atherosclerosis
or other cardiovascular disease, heartbeat parameters (e.g.,
instantaneous heart rate, heart rate variability, average heart
rate, resting heart rate, heartbeat signature, etc.), pulse rate
parameters (e.g., instantaneous pulse rate, pulse rate variability,
etc.), physical activity parameters (e.g., motion metrics, fitness
metrics, etc.), parameters correlated with cardiovascular-related
health (e.g., sleep metrics, etc.), vital signs, pulse oximetry
metric, measures of arterial stiffness, associated respiration
parameters (e.g., respiratory rate, respiratory patterns, etc.),
and/or any other suitable metric relating to cardiovascular-related
health.
[0165] Generating one or more biometric measurement results is
preferably based on one or more pulse parameters (e.g., determined
in Block S234), but can be additionally or alternatively based on
supplementary sensor datasets, user-related data, and/or other
suitable data.
[0166] In a variation, generating biometric measurement results
includes generating one or more cardiovascular parameters based on
one or more pulse parameters (e.g., which can be correlated to
cardiovascular parameters). In an example, a pulse wave velocity
can be used in calculating a blood pressure parameter. In a
specific example, a blood pressure parameter can be calculated from
PWV based on physics and conservation of energy, using:
BP=APWV.sup.2+B where A is related to a subject's height (e.g.,
which can be input by a user) and B is a constant. In another
specific example, blood pressure can be calculated using:
BP = a ln ( PTT ) + b ##EQU00001## BP = a PWV + b ##EQU00001.2## BP
= a ( PTT - c ) 2 + b ##EQU00001.3##
[0167] where a, b, and c are constants derived using empirical
regression.
[0168] In another specific example, the method can include
generating a set of amplitude-adjusted pulse signal datasets within
a 24-hour time period; determining a set of blood pressure
parameters from the set of amplitude-adjusted pulse signal
datasets, and determining a circadian blood pressure parameter for
the set of blood pressure parameters, the circadian blood pressure
parameter describing blood pressure over time (e.g., variability
over a 24-hour period, blood pressure patterns, etc.)
[0169] In another variation, generating a cardiovascular parameter
model for determining one or more cardiovascular parameters, based
on features selected with machine learning algorithms. In this
variation, feature-selection machine learning algorithms can be
leveraged in determining features (e.g., derived from RF
system-related data), affecting the determination of cardiovascular
parameters.
[0170] In another variation, generating one or more biometric
measurement results can include generating a medical diagnosis
(e.g., of a cardiovascular condition) from one or more biometric
measurement results (e.g., cardiovascular parameters). For example,
generating a medical diagnosis can include generating a set of
biometric measurement results (e.g., generated based on signal data
collected over a day, multiple days, weeks, etc.), and processing
the set of biometric measurement results with a over a period of
times) medical diagnosis model.
[0171] Generating one or more biometric measurement results is
preferably performed at a processing subsystem (e.g., retained in
an RF system housing, a remote server, etc.) of a processing and
control system, but can additionally or alternatively be performed
at any suitable processing component (e.g., a processor of a
distinct user device such as a user mobile phone communicably
coupled with the RF system, etc.). In a variation, portions of
generating one or more biometric measurement results can be
allocated across a plurality of processing components. For example,
generating preliminary biometric measurement results can be
performed at a processing subsystem of the RF system, and filtering
signal-related data and/or weighting signal-related data (e.g., to
generate final biometric measurement results for presentation to a
user) can be performed at a distinct user device (e.g., at a
software application of a user's mobile phone) and/or a remote
server (e.g., which can subsequently transmit the final results to
the user at the software application). However, generating a pulse
parameter can be performed in any other suitable manner.
4.3.A Conditioning a Signal Dataset.
[0172] Generating one or more biometric measurement result can
additionally or alternatively include Block S232, which recites:
conditioning one or more pulse signal datasets. Block S232
functions to condition one or more signal datasets for improving
signal quality, converting signal data into a suitable form (e.g.,
analog-to-digital conversion) for processing in generating
biometric measurement results.
[0173] Conditioning one or more signal datasets can include any one
or more of: amplifying, filtering, converting, normalizing, noise
reduction, smoothing, model fitting, transforming, and/or any
suitable conditioning operation. Conditioning a signal dataset
preferably includes conditioning a modified signal dataset (e.g., a
delayed signal dataset, a phase detected signal dataset, etc.), but
can additionally or alternatively include conditioning a reflected
signal dataset, and/or any suitable signal dataset.
[0174] Conditioning the one or more signal datasets is preferably
performed by one or more conditioning modules (e.g., amplification
modules, filtering modules, converter modules, etc.), but can be
performed by any suitable component. Conditioning the one or more
signal datasets is preferably performed prior to receipt by the
processing and control subsystem. For example, modified signal
datasets including modified signals (e.g., modified pulse signals)
can be input directly into a conditioning module. In a specific
example, the method can include amplifying a phase detected signal
dataset received directly from a detector module. Conditioning a
signal dataset preferably includes transmitting the conditioned
signal dataset to the processing and control subsystem, but can
additionally or alternatively include transmission to any suitable
entity (e.g., information module).
[0175] In a variation, the method can include conditioning a
plurality of signal datasets at a plurality of conditioning chains
each including one or more conditioning modules. For example, the
method can include conditioning a first modified signal dataset at
a first conditioning chain (e.g., including amplifying, filtering,
and converting at a first set of conditioning modules), and
conditioning a second modified signal dataset at a second
conditioning chain (e.g., including amplifying, filtering, and
converting at a second set of conditioning modules). Different
conditioning chains can include the same, overlapping, or distinct
conditioning operations, such that different sets of conditioning
operations can be performed for the same and/or different signal
datasets. However, conditioning one or more pulse signal dataset
can be performed in any other suitable manner.
4.3.B Generating a Pulse Parameter.
[0176] Generating one or more biometric measurement results can
additionally or alternatively include Block S234, which recites:
generating one or more pulse parameters describing pulse signals
derived from the reflected pulse signal dataset. Block S234
functions to illuminate one or more characteristics of
signal-related data from which biometric measurement results can be
determined.
[0177] Pulse parameters can include any one or more of: pulse
transit time (PTT) (e.g., the time duration for an arterial pulse
wave produced by a heartbeat to travel a specific distance along
the artery), pulse wave velocity (PWV) (e.g., inversely related to
PTT; the rate of propagation of an arterial pulse), pulse arrival
time (PAT) (e.g., the time between an electrocardiogram ECG-R peak
and the arrival of the corresponding pulse wave at a specified
point in an artery), a pulse pressure parameter, orientation
parameter (e.g., pulse orientation relative the artery), pulse
frequency parameter, pulse depth parameter, pulse intensity
parameter, and/or any other suitable pulse parameter.
[0178] Generating a pulse parameter is preferably based on pulse
signals derived from the reflected pulse signal dataset (e.g.,
reflected pulse signal data, modified signal datasets, conditioned
signal datasets, etc.), but can additionally or alternatively be
based on supplemental sensor datasets, user-related data, and/or
any other suitable data.
[0179] In a variation, generating a pulse parameter includes
generating a PWV from a pulse signal dataset. In this variation,
generating a PWV preferably includes generating a PWV based on a
plurality of a pulse signal datasets. In a specific example,
collecting a first reflected pulse signal dataset including pulse
signals reflected in response to transmission of incident signals
at a first RF sensor device; collecting a second reflected pulse
signal dataset including pulse signals reflected in response to
transmission of incident signals at a second RF sensor device
separated from the first RF sensor device at a distance;
determining a change in pulse return time based on pulse signals
derived from the first and second reflected pulse signal datasets;
and generating at least one of PWV and PTT based on the change in
pulse return time and the distance between the first and second RF
sensor devices. Additionally or alternatively, generating a PWV can
include generating a PWV from a pulse signal dataset and a
supplementary sensor dataset. For example, the method can include
collecting a reflected pulse signal dataset at an RF sensor device
of the RF system, receiving a supplemental sensor dataset (e.g., a
photoplethysmography dataset, an ECG dataset, a Ballistocariography
dataset, etc.) collected at a supplemental sensor module (e.g., at
the RF system, at a distinct user device, etc.), and generating at
least one of PWV and PTT based on processing the reflected pulse
signal dataset with the supplemental sensor dataset.
[0180] In another variation, generating a pulse parameter can
include generating a PTT based on a diastole-minimum approach,
including: determining minimum values associated with pulse signals
derived from the first and second reflected pulse signal datasets;
determining time values associated with the minium values, and
determining the PTT based on a difference between a minimum value
associated with a pulse signal derived from the first reflected
pulse signal dataset and a minimum value associated with a pulse
signal derived from the second reflected pulse signal dataset.
[0181] In another variation, generating a pulse parameter can
include generating a PTT based on a tangential approach, including:
for a first and a second pulse signal respectively derived from the
first and second reflected pulse signal datasets: determining a
maximum first derivative point (e.g., associated with a maximum
rising slope), determining a minimum for the pulse signal,
identifying an intersection between a line tangentially through the
maximum first derivative point and a line tangential to the minimum
of the corresponding pulse; determining a time value associated
with the intersection; and generating a PTT based on a difference
in the time value associated with the first pulse signal and the
time value associated with the second pulse signal. In other
variations, generating a PTT can be based on points of a maximum
first derivative (e.g., a maximum first derivative approach), a
maximum second derivative e.g., a maximum second derivative
approach), and/or regions of the pules signal proximal the foot of
the pulse signal (e.g., a diastole-patching approach). However,
generating PWV and/or PTT can be performed in any suitable
manner.
[0182] Generating a pulse parameter is preferably performed at a
processing subsystem of the processing and control system, but can
additionally or alternatively be partially or fully performed at
any suitable processing component. Generating one or more pulse
parameters can include generating a pulse parameter or set of pulse
parameter for each pulse during a time period, for a subset of
pulses during a time period, and/or for any suitable number of
pulses. Generating a pulse parameter can be performed in real time
on a pulse-by-pulse basis, in batch, and/or at any suitable
frequency. However, generating a pulse parameter can be performed
in any other suitable manner.
4.3.C Filtering Signal-Related Outliers.
[0183] Generating one or more biometric measurement results can
additionally or alternatively include Block S236, which recites:
filtering signal-related data outliers. Block S236 functions to
filter outliers to determine biometric measurement results with
increased accuracy. Filtering one or more outliers preferably
includes filtering outliers from one or more: signal datasets (e.g.
RF sensor device datasets, pulse signal datasets, supplementary
sensor datasets, etc.), pulse parameters, biometric measurement
results (e.g., cardiovascular parameters, etc.), and/or any other
suitable data.
[0184] In a variation, as shown in FIG. 21, filtering one or more
outliers based on partitions (e.g., pulse signal value partitions,
pulse parameter partitions, cardiovascular parameter partitions,
etc.). Partition ranges can be predetermined (e.g., manually by an
RF system provider, by a user, etc.), automatically determined
(e.g., employing machine learning techniques, etc.) and/or
otherwise determined. Partition ranges can be determined based on
aggregated (e.g., historical) RF system-related data, and/or any
suitable data. For example, the activated sensor(s) can be operated
to take X measurements where X is a predetermined scalar value if
only RF biometric sensor 101 is activated (e.g. X=2 million
measurements, X=measurements taken during a predetermined time
period, for example, 2 seconds) or a predetermined vector value if
more than one sensor is used (e.g. X=[4 million measurements for RF
biometric sensor 101, 20 measurements for motion sensor],
X=measurements taken during a predetermined time period for each
sensor). Z measurement values can be used to derive preliminary
biometric results. Z can be the same or different value from X. For
example, measurement values from RF biometric sensor 101 can be
used to determine heart rate and/or pulse transit time, which can
be used to determine blood pressure. As another example,
measurement values from motion sensors can be used to determine
motion in 3D space. The preliminary results based on the previous Z
measurements can be processed to eliminate outliers. For example,
the preliminary results can be assigned to predetermined
partitions. Each type of sensor can have its own predetermined
partition sets. For example, a partition for systolic blood
pressure can be {<90, 90 to 120, 120 to 140, >140}.
Alternatively, a partition for systolic blood pressure can be
{<90, [90,100), [100,110), [110,120), [120,130), [130,140),
[140,150), [150,160), [160,170), >170}. Other partitions can be
possible. The partitions for different sensors can be further
refined. For example, given a subject's prior measurement history
data, the partition range can be adjusted to better match the
subject's own statistics. Measurement context information (e.g.
before sleep, after rest, after exercise) can be used to determine
a subject's partitions. As another example, the number of partition
and/or each partition range can be adjusted such that the standard
deviation of each partition is minimized. One or more adjusted
partitions can be considered to be outliers and those preliminary
results can be excluded. Such outlier rejection can apply to RF
biometric sensor 101 and/or any other sensor. Final biometric
results can be computed from the filtered signal dataset, and the
final biometric measurement results can be presented to the user.
However, filtering signal-related data outliers can be performed in
any other suitable manner.
4.3.D Weighting Signal-Related Data
[0185] Generating one or more biometric measurement results can
additionally or alternatively include Block S238, which recites:
weighting signal-related data. Block S236 functions to evaluate
contextual conditions describing the environment in which RF sensor
device signals are acquired, in order to accordingly weight the
signal-related data for generating biometric measurement results
with greater accuracy.
[0186] Weighting signal-related data preferably includes assigning
weights based on contextual data, including any one or more of:
supplemental sensor data (e.g., motion sensor data, optical sensor
data, etc.), user-related data (e.g., user demographics, weight,
body shape, skin thickness, etc.). Weighting signal-related data
can include weighting modified signal data, conditioned signal
data, pulse parameters, biometric measurement results, partitioned
data (e.g., as in Block S236), filtered data, and/or any suitable
data. For example, the method can include: receiving a motion
sensor dataset collected at the motion sensor during a time period,
where an amplitude-adjusted pulse signal dataset corresponds to the
time period; generating a weighting parameter for a temporal
indicator (e.g., a time point, a time duration) within the time
period, based on motion during the temporal indicator of the
physiological region; generating a weighted pulse signal value from
assigning the weighting parameter to a pulse signal value of the
amplitude-adjusted signal dataset, the pulse signal value
corresponding to the temporal indicator; determining the pulse
parameter based on the weighted pulse signal value. In another
example, each partition for a motion sensor (post outlier
rejection) can be assigned a weighting parameter in the range of 0
to 1 where 0 represents excess motion and 1 represents minimal
motion. Each corresponding preliminary result from RF biometric
sensor 101 is weighed by a weighting parameter. The final biometric
results can be computed by a weighted average across the
preliminary results. However, weighting signal-related data can be
performed in any other suitable manner.
4.4 Controlling Signal Acquisition Operation.
[0187] As shown in FIGS. 17-18, the method can additionally or
alternatively include Block S240, which recites: controlling signal
acquisition operation. Block S240 functions to initiate, modify,
and or terminate signal acquisition by one or more sensor modules
(e.g., RF sensor device, supplemental sensor modules).
[0188] Controlling signal acquisition operation can additionally or
alternatively include: activating signal acquisition, and/or
deactivating signal acquisition. Controlling signal acquisition
operation is can be performed in response to a manual trigger
(e.g., a request by a user), automatic trigger (e.g., detecting a
target physiological region within a threshold distance of the
radio sensor module), and/or at any suitable time. Controlling
signal acquisition operation is preferably performed by a
processing and control subsystem communicably coupled to the one or
more sensor modules, but can be performed by any suitable
component.
[0189] Activating signal acquisition can, for example, be initiated
by a user (either the subject or another user). In an example, a
user can have positioned RF system near the target region. The data
collection process can be initiated by user request via input
module on the RF system. For example, in an example, a user can
press a button on RF system to request biometric measurements. As
another example, a user can select a software application on RF
system via input module and follow instructions via output module
105 to request biometric measurements. In an example, a user can
configure request settings provided by a software application on RF
system. In another example, RF system can have default request
settings that can or can not be at least partially configurable by
a user. Activating signal acquisition can be immediately performed
in response to receiving an activation request, but can be delayed
(e.g., by a predetermined period of time displayed to the user)
and/or otherwise performed at any suitable time in relation to the
activation request. A request can include multiple request
instances (e.g. a periodic request with individual request
instances at fixed time intervals). Each request instance can
generate a separate process flow as shown in FIG. 7.
[0190] Receiving signal acquisition requests can include receiving
a time-based request, context-based request, and/or a combination
of both. A time-based request can be a one-time request (e.g. once
immediately, once at noon, once at 5 pm), periodic request (e.g.
once every morning and once every evening, once every 30 minutes,
once every minute), recurrent request (e.g. once every Monday and
once every Friday, 5 times today, 10 times this week), or scheduled
request (e.g. one time on September 22nd, within 24 hours before
next check-up on October 1st). The scheduled time can be based on
network synchronized system time. If a user or subject changes time
zones, the system time can be changed automatically. A user can be
alerted to adjust scheduled requests when a change in time zone is
detected. In an example, a user is alerted if the scheduled time is
not within a normal operating time range (for example, if a prior 9
pm measurement is now scheduled to take place at 2 am due to time
zone adjustment). The user can click on the alert message to
reconfigure measurement schedules. In another example, a prior 9 pm
measurement remains 9 pm in the new time zone. The user can be
notified and asked to confirm. In an example, a more suitable time
can be recommended to the user and the user can confirm or cancel
the recommended schedule.
[0191] A context-based request can be dependent on the state of
motion of the subject (e.g. after exercise, before sleep, after
awaking, while sitting, while running), location-based (e.g. at the
doctor's office, at home), environment-based (e.g. heightened
ambient noise, above average number of unread messages, presence of
information within the subject's social network that can negatively
affect the subject's health, presence of information within the
subject's field of view that can negatively affect the subject's
health). A request can combine any number of time and context-based
request (e.g. once every 15 min after exercise for 2 hours, 5
measurements while sitting at the doctor's office, whenever the
target is substantially stationary for a predetermined amount of
time, every 2 hours and whenever there is information within the
subject's field of view that can negatively affect the subject's
health). As an example, a biometric measurement request can be
scheduled to occur every morning at 8 am. A notification can appear
on RF system and/or a paired electronic device (e.g. mobile phone)
a predetermined time prior to the scheduled time and/or at the
scheduled time. A user can click on the notification to launch a
software application to commence biometric measurements.
Alternatively, the user can launch a software application upon
receiving the notification.
[0192] In a variation, Block S240 can include initiating signal
acquisition in response to receiving a signal acquisition request
communication from a user device in communication contact with RF
system. For example, in an example, a user can request biometric
measurement via hardware trigger or software on a mobile phone in
communication contact with RF system. In another example, a mobile
phone can contain default request settings for RF system which can
or can not be configurable by a user. In an example, a user can
configure request settings provided by a software application on a
device in communication contact with RF system. In an example, the
data collection process can be initiated by a third party user
(e.g. doctor) either by operating RF system directly or remotely
through a remote control unit or through a communication network.
In another example, a user (possibly doctor, nurse, care-taker,
family member, service provider, etc.) can request biometric
measurement of a subject and/or configure request settings via a
device in communication contact with RF system through a
communication network. In an example, entities authorized to use
information module 158 or entities with access to services provided
by information module can request biometric data measurements from
RF system and/or configure request settings. In an example, RF
system, a device in communication contact with RF system, or
another user can send a reminder to take measurements for a
subject.
[0193] In another variation, Block S240 can include activating
signal acquisition in response to an analysis of a pulse parameter
satisfying one or more conditions (e.g., a pulse wave velocity
within a predetermined range). In this variation, the method can
include continually determining pulse parameters; generating
analyses of the pulse parameters; and comparing the pulse
parameters against the condition until a pulse parameter meets the
condition.
[0194] In another variation, as shown in FIG. 22, Block S240 can
include activating signal acquisition in response to context
conditions (e.g., supplemental sensor data) satisfying threshold
criteria. Context conditions can be determined, for example, using
other sensor(s) 102 or from other context information related to
the subject, the target, or RF system, or any combination of the
above. The device performing the activation process can make a
determination as to whether or not the requested time and context
conditions of the current request instance are satisfied. In a
specific example, analyzing context conditions includes analyzing
supplemental motion sensor data. A determination can be made as to
whether motion data is below a predetermined threshold for a
predetermined motion threshold duration (e.g., seconds, minutes,
etc.). The motion data can be determined, for example, using RF
system motion sensor and/or from motion sensors on a device
communicating with RF system. Analyzing context conditions can be
performed continually, periodically (e.g., waiting a predetermined
waiting period after an initial analysis of context conditions
fails to meet the threshold criteria, etc.). Upon termination of an
activation request, feedback can be sent to the user. For example,
the user can be notified of the failed request instance, a warning
can be issued, the failure can be logged, further instructions can
be issued to the user to remain stationary, and/or an option to
re-issue or re-configure the request can be presented to the user.
In a specific example, the method can include: receiving a
preliminary motion sensor dataset collected at a motion sensor of
the RF system during a first time period, the preliminary motion
sensor dataset describing motion during the first time period of a
physiological region proximal the artery of the user; determining a
time duration during which the motion is below a motion threshold,
based on the motion sensor dataset, where the time duration is
within the first time period; where collecting the reflected pulse
signal dataset (e.g., activating signal acquisition for determining
biometric measurement results) is in response to the time duration
satisfying a time condition.
[0195] Deactivating sensor acquisition can be in response to
satisfaction of a deactivation condition. In an example, the RF
biometric sensor 101 takes measurements for a fixed duration of
time (e.g. 15 seconds). In another example, RF biometric sensor 101
takes measurements until receiving a sensor deactivation command
(e.g. from a user) to stop taking measurements. In another example,
RF biometric sensor 101 takes measurements until a measurement
value within error tolerance is obtained. In another example, RF
biometric sensor 101 deactivates if a pulse is not detected for a
predetermined period of time during the measurement process. In
another example, RF biometric sensor 101 deactivates if the number
of inadequate measurements exceeds a predetermined threshold. In
another example, a combination of different
termination/deactivation conditions is possible. The
termination/deactivation conditions can be available as options for
the user to select. If deactivation condition is met, then the
process ends; otherwise, at step 607 another Y measurements are
taken and the process goes back to 602. X, Y, Z can be the same or
different values.
4.5 Outputting RF System-Related Information.
[0196] As shown in FIGS. 17-18, the method can additionally or
alternatively include Block S250, which recites: outputting RF
system-related information to the user. Block S250 functions to
present RF system-related information (e.g., biometric measurement
results) to the user to inform the user of parameters indicating
their health and/or to inform the user of RF system operation.
[0197] Outputted information preferably include one or more
biometric measurement results including systolic blood pressure,
diastolic blood pressure, and/or pulse rate. Irregular pulse rate
can also be detected and displayed. Additionally or alternatively,
outputting information can include outputting an interpretation of
the biometric measurement results (e.g. show user how their
biometric measurement results compare against average, indication
of potential health issues, alert if critical condition is
detected). A user can be presented with calibrated values for
biometric results had the measurements been taken at a different
location. For example, if the measurements are taken at the wrist,
a user can be presented with results calibrated for measurements at
the arm (e.g., taking into consideration a subject's arm
length).
[0198] In examples, a high watermark, low watermark, mean, median,
mode, and/or range can be calculated for each measured value for a
single measurement process or a group of measurement processes. The
user can preconfigure the number of measurement results to average
over or select the number of measurement results to average over.
The user can also preconfigure the duration between successive
measurement results for averaging purposes. A user can review
historical measurement results in a list or chart format.
[0199] The resulting data can be presented in a visual form that
highlights correlations and trends in the results across individual
measurements or groups of measurements. The result value correlates
to an indicated position on a color-coded graph (green to red),
which is representative of normal blood pressure, prehypertension,
stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension for the diastolic
it's normal, low, too low, dangerously low. For example, for
Systolic blood pressure: Stage 2 Hypertension>=160; Stage 1
Hypertension 140-159; Prehypertension 120-139; Normal 90-119; Low
60-89; Too Low 50-59; Dangerous Low<50. For Diastolic: Stage 2
Hypertension>=100; Stage 1 Hypertension 90-99; Prehypertension
80-89; Normal 60-79; Low 40-59; Too Low 33-39; Dangerous Low<33.
This provides an intuitive visual indicator to see where the BP
range fits within the standards. The color-code can correspond to
standard color indicators established by the World Health
Organization, American Heart Association, European Society of
Hypertension, or other standard bodies, or associations/societies).
The graphs can be dynamic. For example, the colors can be used to
indicate where the subject's normal range is based on his/hers
previous measurement results, averages and/or standard deviations.
The normal range determination can depend on the context (e.g.
previous averages at approximately the same time of day, after
waking up, evening, etc.). The graphs can be a time series showing
biometric results over time. A user can zoom in and out of a graph
to see finer granularity of data and/or to see more data. Biometric
trends, conditions, predictions, and/or recommendations can be
output to the user. Because RF system and/or information module can
collect biometric results from multiple subjects, a comparison
between subjects can be made and an indication of how a particular
subject's biometric data compares with others (e.g. all subjects,
within an age group, within a gender group, etc.) can be presented.
In an example, an analytics application can access data stored in
information module to perform population wide disease and health
condition analyses. Such analyses can include disease trends within
the entire population or across population segments.
[0200] In a variation, data from multiple sensors can be correlated
for display to the user. These correlations can be used to provide
context for the measured biometric, such as the activity level of
the subject before and/or during the biometric measurement, whether
the subject consumed food or drink beforehand, whether the subject
was stressed beforehand, whether the subject was sleeping
beforehand, etc.
[0201] In another variation, Block S150 can include outputting
information about measurement progress and status are output to the
user (e.g., during signal acquisition). In an example, if a
measured result indicates abnormal or critical condition, the user
can be alerted and reminded to repeat the measurement after a
predetermined time. The predetermined time depends on the biometric
being measured. Depending on the condition, if multiple successive
measurement results indicate abnormal or critical conditions, the
user can be alerted to contact appropriate medical personnel. In an
example, medical personnel, and/or a preselected list of people or
entities is alerted automatically.
[0202] In another variation, Block S150 can include receiving
user-added information regarding a biometric measurement result.
For example, Block S150 can include receiving contextual
information such as what the subject (could be the same person as
the user or a different person) is feeling, has been doing, etc.
prior to or during the measurement. A user can also add measurement
data or results from a different biometric measurement device
manually through an application and the input module. Each
measurement and/or results is associated with a time stamp at which
the measurement was taken. The date and time information for the
time stamp can be obtained from a system clock, which can be
synchronized with system time.
[0203] In another variation, outputting RF system-related
information can include outputting an RF system-related
notification. Notifications can be configured in information
module, a companion application, or on the RF system. Notifications
can trigger when specific conditions are met, including any one or
more of: a measurement has not been taken within a specific time
period, a scheduled measurement has not occurred, a measured value
is outside a range of historical values, a measured value falls
within or outside a predefined range, and/or any other suitable
conditions. However, outputting RF system-related information can
be performed in any suitable manner.
[0204] The method and/or system of the embodiments can be embodied
and/or implemented at least in part as a machine configured to
receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable
instructions. The instructions can be executed by
computer-executable components integrated with the application,
applet, host, server, network, website, communication service,
communication interface, hardware/firmware/software elements of a
patient computer or mobile device, or any suitable combination
thereof. Other systems and methods of the embodiments can be
embodied and/or implemented at least in part as a machine
configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing
computer-readable instructions. The instructions can be executed by
computer-executable components integrated with apparatuses and
networks of the type described above. The computer-readable medium
can be stored on any suitable computer readable media such as RAMs,
ROMs, flash memory, EEPROMs, optical devices (CD or DVD), hard
drives, floppy drives, or any suitable device. The
computer-executable component can be a processor, though any
suitable dedicated hardware device can (alternatively or
additionally) execute the instructions.
[0205] The FIGURES illustrate the architecture, functionality and
operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and
computer program products according to preferred embodiments,
example configurations, and variations thereof. In this regard,
each block in the flowchart or block diagrams can represent a
module, segment, step, or portion of code, which includes one or
more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical
function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative
implementations, the functions noted in the block can occur out of
the order noted in the FIGURES. For example, two blocks shown in
succession can, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or
the blocks can sometimes be executed in the reverse order,
depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted
that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart
illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams
and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special
purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions
or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer
instructions.
[0206] As a person skilled in the art will recognize from the
previous detailed description and from the figures and claims,
modifications and changes can be made to the embodiments of the
invention without departing from the scope of this invention as
defined in the following claims.
* * * * *