U.S. patent application number 15/383533 was filed with the patent office on 2017-04-13 for intelligent total air climate & cleaning conditioner.
The applicant listed for this patent is Opto Generic Devices, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ormonde Ethan Durham, Ormonde George Durham, Francis C. Fischer, Edward E. Lakata.
Application Number | 20170102161 15/383533 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43586532 |
Filed Date | 2017-04-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170102161 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Durham; Ormonde George ; et
al. |
April 13, 2017 |
INTELLIGENT TOTAL AIR CLIMATE & CLEANING CONDITIONER
Abstract
An intelligent total air climate condition (iTACC) that includes
an optically programmed adaptive system controller in electrical
communication with at least one sensor and at least one fan motor
that is capable adaptive operation of the fan motor based input
signals from the at least one sensor.
Inventors: |
Durham; Ormonde George;
(Jordanville, NY) ; Durham; Ormonde Ethan;
(Jordanville, NY) ; Fischer; Francis C.;
(Frankfort, NY) ; Lakata; Edward E.; (Johnstown,
NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Opto Generic Devices, Inc. |
Van Hornesville |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
43586532 |
Appl. No.: |
15/383533 |
Filed: |
December 19, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13390456 |
Sep 11, 2012 |
9535407 |
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PCT/US2010/045523 |
Aug 13, 2010 |
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15383533 |
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61233918 |
Aug 14, 2009 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F 11/62 20180101;
G05B 13/0205 20130101; F24F 2110/52 20180101; F24F 2110/64
20180101; F24F 2110/50 20180101; G05B 2219/2614 20130101; F24F
11/63 20180101; F24F 11/30 20180101 |
International
Class: |
F24F 11/00 20060101
F24F011/00; G05B 13/02 20060101 G05B013/02 |
Claims
1. An intelligent total air climate and cleaning conditioner
(iTACC), comprising: an optically programmed adaptive system
controller capable of receiving multiple input signals from a
plurality of sensors, and capable of providing multiple output both
power and control signals; an indoor fan disposed in an indoor
section of said iTACC and operatively connected to said adaptive
system controller to receive at least one of said output signals,
whereby said indoor fan generates a air flow adapted to an input
signal received by said adaptive system controller; and another
electrical device operatively connected to said adaptive system
controller to receive at least another one of said output signals,
wherein said indoor fan and said another electrical device are
adaptively operated by said adaptive system controller based on at
least one of said input signals.
2. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is an outdoor fan disposed in an outdoor section of said
iTACC.
3. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is an outdoor air damper disposed in an outdoor section of
said iTACC.
4. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is an electronic air ionizer.
5. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is an electric heating element.
6. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is a compressor.
7. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is a manual fan speed override control.
8. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is a remote control device that has two way
communications.
9. An iTACC according to claim 6, further comprising a sleeve that
is capable of wicking up water, the sleeve being disposed around
said compressor.
10. An iTACC according to claim 9, wherein said jacket includes
feet for wicking up water from a condensation pan.
11. An iTACC according to claim 1, further comprising a collapsible
sleeve.
12. An iTACC according to claim 1, further comprising an indoor
filter disposed in said indoor section, and an outdoor filter
disposed in an outdoor section of said iTACC.
13. An iTACC according to claim 1, further comprising an acoustic
noise barrier disposed between said indoor section and an outdoor
section of said iTACC.
14. An iTACC according to claim 1, further comprising a manual
control in communication with said adaptive system controller.
15. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said
sensors senses environmental conditions.
16. An iTACC according to claim 15, wherein said environmental
conditions include temperature, humidity, and pressure.
17. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein at least of said sensors
senses gases.
18. An iTACC according to claim 17, wherein said gases include CO,
CO2, O2, O3, NO, and Radon.
19. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said
sensors can sense a non-environmental condition.
20. An iTACC according to claim 19, wherein said non-environmental
condition includes occupancy, speed, airflow, proximity, and
noise.
21. An iTACC according to claim 1, wherein said another electrical
device is an outdoor fan disposed in an outdoor section of said
iTACC, and operated to cause air flow toward said outdoor
section.
22. An ITACC according to claim 1 further including an indoor cover
selected from indoor covers that are customized with various
colors, photos, images, logos and the like.
23. An ITACC according to claim 1 further including an outdoor
grille/cover selected from outdoor grille/covers that are
customized with various colors, photos, images, logos and the
like.
24. An iTACC according to claim 1 further including an outdoor
grille/cover that can serve as a sign, advertisement, logo and the
like.
25. An iTACC according to claim 1 further including a cabinet that
can be blended into the indoor room environment as a piece of
quality furniture.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The disclosure relates to air conditioners.
ABBREVIATIONS
[0002] OP refers to Optical, Radiant, Wave, Electromagnetic Energy
Programming & Processing which is disclosed in the references
cited below.
[0003] GP refers to Graphical, Vector, Integration,
Algorithmic--Math; Programming & Processing which is disclosed
in the references cited below.
[0004] Opto or Optical refers to the combination of OP (the type of
energy) and GP (the type of math) as disclosed in the references
cited below.
[0005] OPP refers to an Opto Programmed Processor.
[0006] PTAC refers to a Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner.
[0007] ITACC refers to Intelligent Total Air Climate & Cleaning
Conditioner.
[0008] ACC refers to Adaptive Climate Controller.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE
[0009] The present disclosure generally relates to the application
of optical and graphical programming (sometimes referred to as
OP/GP) to the control of the operation of electrical devices such
as electromechanical devices integrated with an HVAC system. U.S.
Pat. No. 5,665,965 (incorporated by reference) and U.S. Pat. No.
6,087,654 (incorporated by reference) disclose the concepts of
optical and graphical programming. U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,429
(incorporated by reference) and U.S. Pat. Publication No.
2005/0278071 (incorporated by reference), disclose applications of
optical and graphical programming to HVAC systems. It has been
found that the addition of an Adaptive Climate Controller (ACC)
that is based on optical and graphical programming to a standard
PTAC (Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner) results in many beneficial
features.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,965 discloses converting an electronic
signal using electromagnetic wave emitters (e.g. Light Emitting
Diodes-LEDs, Infrared Emitting Diodes-IREDs, Photodiodes, Hall
effect devices, emitting transducers, etc) to a free space
transmissible electromagnetic wave (e.g. an optical or
electromagnetic wave or "opto wave" as opto shows this technique
includes much more than what is normally considered optical or
light based only) and manipulating the electromagnetic or opto wave
to change the content thereof in the electromagnetic domain (e.g.
optical domain/opto domain). As a result, programming could be
accomplished in the electromagnetic/opto domain, rather than in the
electronic domain.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,965 disclosed a method for programming
in the electromagnetic domain (e.g. optical domain) which used
graphical wave shaping windows and other co-processing optical path
elements to accomplish optical programming. These other optical
path elements included one or more graphical shapes that altered
and reshaped the optical wave, whereby the content thereof, which
originated from an electronic signal, was changed thus
accomplishing optical programming. The altered electromagnetic wave
was then received by at least one compatible detector (e.g. Photo
Txs, Photo Diodes, CdS Cells, sensing transducers, etc) and
converted to a proportional electronic output signal. That
proportional electronic output signal, therefore, could be changed
or re-programmed by changing or reprogramming the input
electromagnetic wave. Thus, the prior art teaches the conversion of
electronic signals into a free space transmissible electromagnetic
wave (e.g. optical wave), alteration of the electromagnetic wave by
passing the same through a graphical shape to obtain an altered
electromagnetic wave (the programming step), and conversion of the
altered electromagnetic wave into an electronic signal, thereby
allowing for the generation of a new electronic signal by altering
the content of the original signal graphically in the
electromagnetic (e.g. optical) domain as opposed to manipulating
the content of the signal electronically. The combination of
emitters, graphical shapes, and detectors, therefore, served as a
basis for a processor or opto/optically programmed processor (OPP)
capable of altering the information (content) contained in any
electronic signal in the electromagnetic (e.g. optical) domain, for
example, by changing the shape of the optical signal. This process
has been referred to as optical programming in prior patents.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,965 discloses an implementation of OP/GP
using an encoder. The encoder used shaft motion to create the
"clocking" function for most of the processing. This arrangement
used simpler vectors or mostly integer type graphical functions to
generate programs based on OP.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 6,087,654, which was based on the original
concept of electromagnetic wave shaping, taught more sophisticated
techniques to obtain more complex vectors and non-integer shapes
for the mapping, the programming and the execution of virtually any
2d or 3d function in the electromagnetic domain (e.g. optical
domain). The new methodology disclosed and performed another
"clocking" method by driving the emitters and detectors with active
electrical vectors or signals to cause the "motion" of the
electromagnetic wave (e.g. by the selective operation of an optical
emitter) without the need for the motion of the shaft of an
encoder. The generated "clocked" electromagnetic wave could still
be shaped using the appropriate graphical shaping windows thereby
allowing for optical programming.
[0014] U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,665,965 and 6,087,654 disclosed OP control
methods/techniques, and an apparatus for implementing the
techniques, embodied in a single small package that could be used
with a user's power devices or power amplifiers. This package had
the controls, intelligence and OP "software" embedded and generally
separate from the power electronics and could be packaged inside an
encoder or some other small control package. The encoder was a
controller very much like a microchip, except the encoder also
included the memory, clocks, POs, buffers, software, etc. These
earlier patents did not disclose a specific type of power driver
method or apparatus. Rather, these patents disclosed a package that
would only provide an input signal to a "dumb power device" so that
it could be used with any off-the-shelf "generic power amplifier or
driver".
[0015] U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0278071 discloses
applications of OP. For example, it shows an opto-programmed
controller that can be programmed with a number of climate profiles
that operates a fan motor of an HVAC system according to a
non-linear climate profile, which includes target speed values for
the fan motor based on a climate condition (for example, thermal
capacity of air). Furthermore, it discloses using OP to program
math functions and signals at low power levels while concurrently,
and directly controlling, programming and managing high power
signals, circuits and power devices, thereby achieving
multi-tasking, concurrent parallel processing. In addition, it
discloses using additional expanded sensor vector clocking
techniques and combining the control intelligence with the power
devices, circuits and drivers all in a single, simple, complete
package. There is, therefore, no need for the use of any outside
shaft type encoder or a separate small controller package; nor is
there a need for a separate or generic power amplifier.
[0016] The present disclosure teaches a new application for the
controller disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication 2005/0278071. The
controller is called an A1 Adaptive Climate Controller (A1 ASC or
A1ASC) in this application. The A1 ASC is an OP (optically/Opto
Programmed) system controller. It is not a 2-state, but rather
continuously dynamic, adaptive intelligent controller. In one
preferred embodiment, an A1 ASC unit (disclosed in U.S. Patent
Publication No. 2005/0278071) is conveniently placed inside a
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner (PTAC) and interfaces with its
existing controls. The A1 ASC has multiple parallel Opto Processors
for the performance of multiple concurrent control functions giving
powerful new features to a PTAC in a simple and reliable way. For
example, the improved operation of both indoor and outdoor fan
motors is done with the A1ASC unit along with the improved
operation of the compressor and the heating element.
[0017] A typical conventional PTAC utilizes 3 primary motors:
[0018] a. Indoor air fan motor; [0019] b. Outdoor air fan motor;
[0020] c. Compressor motor.
[0021] A conventional PTAC includes a simple controller board to
control these motors. The controller utilizes simple logic and
simple relays. These relays are typically 2 state devices:
ON/OFF.
[0022] Integrating the A1 ASC into a PTAC brings "Adaptive Control"
to the controlled motors. Thus, the motors are no longer 2-state
devices, but are fully programmable, adaptive and are ultimately
controlled by the A1 ASC's application specific, dynamic, optically
programmed profiles. The OP controller can either directly control
the motors, or can piggy-back (series or parallel) on the
already-existing controller circuitry.
[0023] Adaptive speed control of the indoor fan, adaptive speed and
idle speed in particular, facilitate new functions that were in the
past, unrealizable.
[0024] To Summarize, a system according to a preferred embodiment
of the present invention may include at least one central feature
and one or more of the novel features listed below. The features
marked novel are considered new features (i.e. new in combination
with a conventional PTAC). Those marked known are considered
related to or disclosed in the references cited above.
[0025] 1. Adaptive Speed Indoor fan (Novel)
[0026] a. With Two Multi selectable top speed levels
[0027] b. And a continuous low "idle speed" operation
[0028] 2. Adaptive Output Power OP Electronic Air Purifier
(Novel)
[0029] 3. Application Specific "Adaptive" Air Filters (Novel)
[0030] 4. Discharge Air Flow Temperature Sensor (Novel)
[0031] 5. A1 ASC unit (known)
[0032] 6. Full variable Manual Speed Indoor Fan Control (Novel)
[0033] 7. New Moisture Removal Techniques (Novel) [0034] a special
moisture absorbing Compressor Sleeve Cover (Novel)
[0035] 8. Compressor Noise Reduction Sleeve (Novel)
[0036] 9. Adaptive Speed Outdoor Fan (Novel)
[0037] 10. Special Outside Equipment Filters (Novel)
[0038] 11. Custom and Designer Colors and Designer Artwork
(Novel)
[0039] 12. Adaptive Heating/Adaptive BTU Capacity (Novel)
[0040] 13. Adaptive Outdoor Air Louver (Novel)
[0041] 14. Remote Adaptive Controlled Room Management System--RMS
(Conventional 1).
[0042] It has been found that when an A1 ASC is used as a
controller in a conventional PTAC, the way the actual PTAC operates
is dramatically altered and improved. Specifically, in the simplest
application, the A1 ACC runs the PTAC's internal fan in continuous
but variable speed mode that intelligently adapts the air flow to
match discharge air temperature output, which helps to maintain
tighter temperature control to set point within the climate
controlled space room. Since the total room temperature is
maintained and stratification effects are reduced, compressor and
heating element demand of the PTAC are significantly reduced (up to
over 40%). As a result:
[0043] 1. tighter system and room temperature control is maintained
to set point;
[0044] 2. less cycling of the compressor is achieved while
maintaining the same set point temperature saving energy and
reducing compressor wear;
[0045] 3. less cycling of the heating elements is achieved while
maintaining the same set point temperature saving energy and
reducing heating element wear;
[0046] 4. humidity is better controlled and reduced;
[0047] 5. noise reduction benefits are obtained;
[0048] 6. the indoor fan runs at much reduced speed during the
compressor off cycles using less energy;
[0049] 7. the outdoor fan speed gently ramps up to high speed as
the condenser increases Btu output saving fan and condenser energy
and lowering fan noise.
[0050] Moreover, new additional features can be added that without
the adaptive speed fan motor would not be of equal functional
benefit. Specifically, the following features can be added to
enhance airflow and thermal discharge without system
degradation:
[0051] 1. indoor air intake air filters with much higher (7-15)
MERVs (minimum Efficiency Reporting Values) ASHRAE Standard 52.2
that better filter room air for both equipment and occupants;
[0052] 2. discharge air exhaust filter and ion reduction filter; a
secondary filter that helps charge and enlarge air particles and
contaminants for better subsequent capture and removal (including
variable level and softer ionization);
[0053] 3. variable level charge air purification;
[0054] 4. adaptive speed indoor fan;
[0055] 5. adaptive speed outdoor fan;
[0056] 6. outdoor air vent louver control;
[0057] 7. drawing air through the outside coil vs. pushing air
through the outside coil;
[0058] 8. variable and adaptive heating element control; and
[0059] 9. compressor demand reduction and soft ramping
functions.
[0060] A system according to the present invention can further
include the following features:
[0061] 1. compressor noise reduction sleeve;
[0062] 2. compressor moisture removal reduction sleeve;
[0063] 3. custom colors, images, graphics, logos;
[0064] 4. outside grilles that can be customized for decoration and
advertisement.
[0065] 5. ITACC indoor custom built quality enclosure to make the
unit a rich piece of furniture instead of a piece of commodity
equipment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0066] FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of a disassembled iTACC
according to the present invention.
[0067] FIGS. 2A-2J' schematically illustrate the features of a
system according to the present invention.
[0068] FIG. 3 shows an example of an optically programmed climate
profile.
[0069] FIG. 4 illustrates the application and functional
differences between a conventional or standard PTAC system and an
iTACC according to the present invention.
[0070] FIG. 5 illustrates other examples of optically programmed 2D
profiles.
[0071] FIG. 6 illustrates the mixing of waves in the optical domain
to obtain 2D and/or 3D plots.
[0072] FIG. 7 illustrates co-programming of two optical signals
according to another OP technique.
[0073] FIG. 8 illustrates a 3D profile which can be very simply
created and used by an OPP to drive a motor, machine or device.
[0074] FIG. 9 illustrates PTAC and iTACC custom colors, photos and
images on the indoor and outdoor covers according to another aspect
of the present invention.
[0075] FIGS. 10A & 10 B illustrate a PTAC/iTACC collapsible
stackable sleeve assembly according to another aspect of the
present invention.
[0076] FIG. 10C illustrates an adapter housing assembly according
to another aspect of the present invention.
[0077] FIG. 11A illustrates a PTAC/iTACC "thru-the wall" sleeve
converter or necked down adaptor according to another aspect of the
present invention.
[0078] FIG. 11B illustrates the installation of the above wall
sleeve in a wall opening.
[0079] FIG. 12 illustrates an exterior view of a furniture
enclosure design according to an aspect of the present
invention.
[0080] FIG. 13 illustrates a custom grille according to one aspect
of the present invention.
[0081] FIG. 14 illustrates a custom grille fitted to a PTAC
according to an aspect of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0082] Disclosed herein are arrangements and methods to upgrade and
improve a conventional heating, ventilating and air conditioning
(HVAC) system. An apparatus according to the present invention is
an iTACC, which has been realized by modifying a conventional PTAC
to include optical and graphical programming in order to attain
enhanced functionality, improved efficiency, and lower noise
compared to an ordinary PTAC. Thus, disclosed below and in the
Figures are newly added features to a PTAC or novel features,
arrangements and functions which are based on the optical and
graphical programming concepts disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,665,965, 6,087,654, 7,204,429 and U.S. Patent Publication No.
2005/0278071.
[0083] The list below includes reference numbers, names, and
abbreviations for the features of an iTACC according to the present
invention, which are used throughout to refer to the same features
in each figure.
[0084] 1--Adaptive Power Output-Fan Indoor=AO-FI
[0085] 2--Adaptive Power Output-Electronic Air Ionizer=AO-EAI
[0086] 3--Air Filters Special Purpose Activated=AFA [0087] a. Room
Air, Occupied Space=RA [0088] b. iTACC Room Discharge Air=DA [0089]
c. Outdoor Air=OA
[0090] 4--Electrical Transducer Sensor; Low Power
Inputs/signals=ETS- [0091] a. Environmental; Temperature, Humidity,
Pressure, etc=Env [0092] b. Air and Gases; CO, CO2, O2, O3, NO, HS,
Radon, etc=Air [0093] c. Occupancy, Speed, Air Flow, Proximity,
Pressure, Noise, etc=Oth
[0094] 5--A1 Adaptive System Controller=A1ASC
[0095] 6--Manual Override Control=MOC
[0096] 7--Dual Purpose Compressor Sleeve=CS- [0097] a. Noise
Reducing Sleeve=NRS [0098] b. Condensate Evaporator Sleeve=CES
[0099] 8--Acoustic Noise Barrier=ANB
[0100] 9--Adaptive Power Output-Fan Outdoor=AO-FO
[0101] 10--Remote Controlled Room Management System=RMS
[0102] 11--PTAC/iTACC Cover & Grill Options=PCG- [0103] a.
Designer Colors, Images, Photos=DC [0104] b. Logos, Advertisements,
Signs, Etc=LA
[0105] 12--PTAC/iTACC Wall Sleeves=PWS- [0106] a. Collapsible
Rigid=CR [0107] b. Standard Size Converter=SSC
[0108] 13--Adaptive Power Output-Electric Heating
Element=AO-EHE
[0109] 14--Adaptive Power Output-Compressor=AO-Comp
[0110] 15--Adaptive Power Output-Air Louvers=AO-AL
[0111] 16--Heat/Cool Exchanger=HCE- [0112] a. Indoor=I [0113] b.
Outdoor=O
[0114] 17--Indoor Section
[0115] 18--Outdoor Section
[0116] 21--Adaptive Air Flow Rates (soft start, ramp up, ramp down
and idle)=AAF
[0117] A1 ASC refers to an A1 Adaptive Climate Controller disclosed
in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0278071, which includes a
plurality of OPPs.
[0118] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective exploded view of the
various components of an iTACC according to the present
invention.
[0119] FIG. 2A schematically illustrates the relationship of the
various components of an iTACC according to the present invention.
Note that thin arrows & lines identify the movement of air,
while the thick arrows and heavy lines are intended to identify
electrical communication among the components.
[0120] Referring to FIG. 2A, an iTACC according to the present
invention includes an AO-FI 1, at least one (preferably two) AO-EAI
2, an AO-FO 9, an AO-Comp 14, at least one AO-EHE 13, a plurality
of ESTs 4, an RMS 10, and an AO-AL 15 all in operative
communication with an A1ASC 5. AIASC 5 is an optically programmed
controller that includes a plurality of OPPs, a description of
which appears in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/027807. A1ASC 5
can be provided with operating OP profiles. The operating OP
profiles are used by A1ASC 5 to operate AO-FI 1, AO-FO 9, AO-Comp
14, AO-EHE 13, AO-EAI 2, and AO-AL 15 in order to regulate the
speed of the air flow and the condition of the air flowing through
the iTACC and into the space serviced by the iTACC. ESTs 4 provide
signals related to the environmental conditions (e.g. temperature,
humidity, presence or lack of specific gases such as O.sub.2,
CO.sub.2 etc.) to A1ASC 5. A1ASC5 then operates AO-FI 1, AO-EA 12,
AO-FO 9, AO-Comp 14, AO-AL 15 and AO-EHE 13 concurrently and
adaptively according to an OP profile. A1ASC 5 may also be operated
manually by MOC 6 or it may be operated by RMS 10.
[0121] Manual, continuously adaptive, speed control is not a
feature that has been available in PTACs. Introducing a manual
speed control for the fan is not something PTAC designers would
consider given the costs and complexities associated for
implementing the same with conventional digital techniques. The
benefits of a continuously operating fan have been demonstrated,
however. MOC 6 is one of the A1 ASC's control inputs. A1 ASC 5 is
configured to accept multiple inputs as disclosed earlier. Internal
OP within A1 ASC 5 optically computes all sensor inputs
simultaneously and produces a composite programmed system response.
The system makes decisions based on the manual setting alone or in
combination with all other parameters.
[0122] A1 ASC 5 can be controlled by a 2 state global controller
and room management systems, RMS 10. In conventional systems, these
systems have limited features and functionality as far as
controlling an adaptive speed drive. RMS 10 can be configured to
monitor the room temperature and interface with the iTACC based on
that and can have an auto set back feature for energy conservation
and room environment.
[0123] As indicated above, A1 ASC 5 uses an OP profile to generate
output signals based on input signals from ETS(s) 4. An OP profile
can be a two dimensional (2D) plot representing a relationship
between an input value (e.g. temperature or humidity from an ETS 4)
and a desired output value (e.g. speed of a fan). An OP profile can
be a three-dimensional plot representing the relationship between
two input values (e.g. temperature and humidity) and a desired
output value (e.g. speed of a fan). Furthermore, an OP profile can
be an n-dimensional plot representing the relationship between
several input values (e.g. temperature and humidity) and several
output values (e.g. the speed of an indoor fan and the speed of the
outdoor fan). The prior art cited above discloses the concept of OP
profiles. For example, FIG. 3 shows a typical 2D plot of
temperature versus output power OP profile. A plot similar to the
one shown by FIG. 3 is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,429, and
U.S. Pat. Pub No. 2005/0278071 A1. FIG. 3 shows that the
relationship of temperature (BTU) input and power output is not a
straight, linear or single function relationship, rather the
relationship is non-linear. FIG. 3 is the plot of a combined heat
and cool profile (program) with a low "idle speed" (or minimum
output power) at room temperature (72.degree. degrees) and maximum
power out for heating at 145.degree. degrees and two profiles for
cool maximum power outputs at 35.degree. and 55.degree.. As an
example, FIG. 3 illustrates the tracking of a temperature value
from a temperature sensor in the discharge room air (DA). An OP
(Opto Program) residing in A1 ASC 5 converts this incoming
temperature signal into an output to a power device. This output
power device in turn would vary the power to one or more iTACC
power devices like the fan (AO-FI, AO-FO), the compressor
(AO-Comp), the heating element (AO-EHE) or other electrically
powered devices whereby the devices are operated in response
directly to the sensor activity.
[0124] FIG. 5 shows multiple 2D OP profiles of the kinds of OP/GP
Opto programs that can be employed to optimize and vary fan speed
to temperature any number of ways. The plots in FIG. 5 represent
the relationship between temperature and output power which can be
employed by A1ASC 5 to provide an appropriate output signal to a
device such as AO-FI 1. As is apparent the profiles used by A1ASC 5
are not straight, linear or single function but can be complex
functions with discontinuities, inversions, overlaps and much more.
Multiple concurrent 2D profiles can be mapped (programmed) in an
A1ASC 5 and be used to direct an output that will follow or "adapt"
to the changing real time temperature input as discussed in U.S.
Pat. Pub. No. 2005/0278071.
[0125] FIG. 7 references U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,965 to show the 2D
wave mixing technique disclosed therein and used to generate the
profiles shown in FIG. 5. As illustrated by FIG. 7 and described in
detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,965 a simple combination of the
detector/sensor output signals using a series of resistive
combinations or potentiometers can yield a variety of output
signals. Based on the information disclosed by FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 it
can be understood that the actual programmable relationship of
temperature (BTU) input (or many or any input signals) can be
mapped or profiled to a number of combined or unique vectors,
integrals, algorithms, math functions, equations and the like using
one or more OPPs. Thus, from each of the six shaded plots (areas
marked yellow in FIG. 5) a series of plots of various patterns and
profiles can be extracted from a single OPP (shaded areas marked
yellow). Just as a number of digital software programs can be coded
into a single digital micro processor, so can a number of analog
Opto Programs can be coded into an analog Opto Processor as
disclosed in the cited references. This analog parallel
(concurrent) processing function is what gives OPP and A1ASC 5 such
superior function and simplicity.
[0126] FIG. 8 shows a 3D plot (OP profile) of temperature and
another input parameter versus output power. Note that another
parameter could be any of signals received from any of the other
ETSs 4 such as the humidity sensor or the gas sensor. FIG. 8
illustrates the ability and ease of multi-dimensional OPP (Opto
Programmed Processor) profiles. This 3D function can likewise be
configured and programmed by the A1ASC (5) as it is presently
configured. The 3D or multi dimensional concept and ability of OPTO
programming were disclosed and discussed in the cited patents U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,665,965, 6,087,654. FIG. 6 illustrates several figures
from these two U.S. patents that feature the mixing and combining
of two or more 2D profiles to create 3D profiles or functions.
[0127] FIGS. 6 and 8 also show that temperature input to power
output is not always a simple straight, linear or single function
or profile, and that temperature can be actively and dynamically
combined in real time with other sensor input parameters to give
complex functions and that they are not only stored programs, but
stored data, memory and information. FIGS. 6 and 8 further show
that actual 2D profile or programmable relationship of temperature
(BTU) input can be mapped or combined with a 2D profile or program
of humidity, pressure, motor speed, motor torque, CO2, air quality
or any number of other input parameters to create unique 3D
vectors, integrals, algorithms, math functions, equations and the
like using one or more OPPs. Just as FIGS. 5 and 7 disclose the
application of multiple concurrent 2D profiles, FIGS. 6 and 8
disclose how 3D profiles can be co-mapped (or co-programmed) with
OPP and be used to direct one or more power output signals that
will follow or "Adapt" to changing real time multiple parameter
inputs.
[0128] It should be noted that an iTACC according to the present
invention includes an indoor section 17, in which AO-FI 1 resides
and an outdoor section 18 in which AO-FO 9 and AO-Comp 14 reside.
Air flow between indoor section 17 and outdoor section 18 is
accomplished through AO-AL 15. ANB 8 is provided in outdoor section
18 to reduce the transmission of noise from outdoor section 18 to
indoor section 17. An ETS 4 is preferably provided between at least
one AFA-OA 3c and HCE-O 16b in order to provide information about
the condition of the outside air (e.g. temperature, humidity etc.).
Furthermore, at least one ETS 4 is provided between AFA-DA 3b and
HCE-I 16a to provide information about the condition of discharge
air (e.g. temperature, humidity, ozone content etc.). Note that, as
is schematically illustrated, AO-Comp 14 is operatively coupled to
HCE-1 16a and HCE-O 16b in order to effect temperature variation as
is well known in the art. As illustrated air from the indoor is
brought in preferably through AFA-RA 3a and treated by AO-EAI 2.
Further note that, in a heating mode, AO-FI 1 forces air past
AO-EHE 13 in order to heat the same.
[0129] Referring to FIG. 2C, A1ASC 5 receives direct sensor inputs
from ETSs 4. ETSs 4 can be a series of different types of input
sensors and transducers. Suitable sensors can be environmental
sensors such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure
sensors and the like; air and gas sensors such as sensors to detect
CO, CO2, O2, O3, NO, HS, Radon, and the like; and sensors that can
detect occupancy, speed, air flow, proximity, pressure, noise, and
the like. One or more of any of these sensors (or other types) can
be placed in various locations inside the iTACC as shown in the
drawings or located outside the iTACC and placed in the room,
around the building or across the county.
[0130] A1 ASC 5 is a closed loop optical computer. Like any
computer, effective implementation involves input and output.
Within A1 ASC 5 are provisions for a multitude of various
simultaneous control inputs. The simplest case would involve
utilizing one input with a simple thermistor sensor. There are
problems with the transfer function of a single thermistor.
Specifically, response times are not desirable and thermistors do
not exhibit asymptotic behavior at their nominal resistance
value.
[0131] To make use of a single thermistor as both a hot and cold
profile sensor, asymptotic behavior at the set point is crucial.
The physics of standard PTC and NTC thermistors can be circumvented
by configuring them in a type of Wheatstone circuit or similar
bridge topology, which actually utilizes two of A1 ASC 5 inputs.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0278071 discloses this topology,
which is incorporated in A1 ASC 5. The Wheatstone or other type
balanced bridge circuit is set to a nominal temperature, say 72
deg, and set into balance equilibrium. Any deviation from the
balance, such as higher temperature or lower temperature will take
the bridge out of balance and produces a signal.
[0132] Accordingly, this signal can be optically shaped
independently for both the hot and cold directions, and optimized
for devices like PTACs, where optimized profiles for heat and cool
would be of great benefit.
[0133] ETSs converts a real world condition or parameter into some
type of proportional electrical signal. A1ASC 5 would then convert
this input electrical parameter into a proportional or
re-programmed output power level profile (optically programmed
profile or OP profile) based on optical and graphical programming
principles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,665,965, 6,087,654,
7,204,429 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0278071. A typical
OP profile can be a collection of two dimensional (2d) or three
dimensional (3d) related data points (see FIGS. 3-8 for examples of
both 2d and 3d profiles and graphs) used by an OPP, such as A1ASC
5, to select the proper power level required for the operation of
an electrical device. Each ETS 4 can have its own OPP or the ETS
signal can be combined in an opto domain (mix wave, optical,
electro-mechanical energy) or in an electrical domain (parallel,
series, cascade, etc) as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,965 (see
FIGS. 4, 6, 7).
[0134] Referring to FIG. 2B, according to one aspect of the present
invention, the operation of AO-FI 1 is controlled by A1ASC 5 which
receives the input signals from ETSs 4, although A1ASC 5 can also
be controlled by RMS 10 and/or MOC 6. The operation of a fan motor
of an HVAC system based on optical and graphical programming is
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,429, and U.S. Pat. Pub No.
2005/0278071A1. These references disclose how Opto Programmed
Processors (OPPs) can accept a number of input signals i.sub.1,
i.sub.2 . . . i.sub.n from, for example, transducers and sensors,
and produce a number of respective output signals o.sub.1, o.sub.2
. . . o.sub.n to drive, for example, fan motors, dampers and
compressors (see FIG. 4). The output control power signals so
generated are based on one or more specific internal optical
programs that produce a given transfer function for a given
application to improve the system's performance.
[0135] In an iTACC according to the present invention a similar
method is implemented based on the prior art with similar
performance improvements. However, many added benefits, features,
performance enhancement and expansions are achieved when the
methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,429 and U.S. Pat. Pub. No.
2005/027807, are applied to a PTAC.
[0136] As disclosed in the cited prior art, a fixed or two speed
indoor fan or blower in an HVAC system can be made into a
continuously variable speed or "Adaptive/Intelligent Speed" motor
with an OPP. An ordinary PTAC typically includes a fixed or two
speed electric fan or blower motor. In an iTACC, AO-FI 1 is given a
new intelligent, smart, programmable or "Adaptive" capability by
driving and powering it with A1ASC 5. Like the prior art there are
improvements in the fan's operation, but as disclosed below, there
are added performance benefits because of the fan upgrade that
directly offers many new HVAC system options, improvements,
efficiencies and upgrades unique to a PTAC. Some of the advantages
include: better air filtration and cleaning both indoor room air
and outdoor air pulled into the PTAC, air climate conditioning
performance enhancements, electric energy efficiency increase,
lowered noise, and reduced compressor cooling and heating demand.
As will be understood, any HVAC system like a PTAC system that
performs both heating and cooling using similar base elements,
i.e., an indoor fan to distribute heating or cooling and an outdoor
fan to help effect it, can benefit from the invention disclosed
herein.
[0137] FIGS. 2D and 2D' illustrate the combination of features in
an iTACC that allow for the realization of a unique air filtration
and cleaning arrangement, which can be applied to any fan based
HVAC system. AFA-RA 3a is used to filter and clean any and all room
air (RA) returning to indoor section 17 of the iTACC, while AFA-DA
3b is used to filter and clean any and all discharge air (DA) from
the ITACC. AO-EAI 2 ionizes and also cleans any and all iTACC room
DA which is received from AFA-RA 3a. AO-EAI 2 can have its own
separate OPP (residing in A1 ASC 5) controlling its output or it
can work in tandem with, or powered by, the same OPP (residing in
A1 ASC 5) for AO-FI 1. AO-AL 15 provides adaptive outdoor air flow
to also be filtered and cleaned through AF-OA 3c. ETSs 4 provide
the low power signal inputs to the OPPs in the A1ASC 5. Each OPP
has algorithms that convert low power input signals into
proportional high power outputs. AO-FI 1 provides adaptive air flow
(AAF 19) to enable AO-EAI 2, AFA-RA 3a, AFA-DA 3b and AO-AL 15 to
effectively achieve their functions; while A1 ASC 5 provides the
Adaptive Power Output-AO to items (1), (2), (10), (15). MOC 6 can
be used to manually override the Adaptive Air Filtration and
Cleaning features.
[0138] A basic problem with high voltage based ionization air
purification techniques is that, similar to the many other two
state on/off devices in many HVAC systems, there is no variability
of levels. This on/off only ionization coupled with the fan high
speed or fixed on/off air velocities can yield undesirable ozone
emissions. Thus, for example, air velocities above 600 CFM may not
allow for effective high voltage based ionization air purification
techniques without raising ionization voltages to the point of also
causing ozone creation. Lowering the fixed maximum ionization
voltage level can lower ozone creation at these higher speeds but
at no or too low an airflow, without lowering the ionization
voltage, can still cause an excess concentration of ozone. Creating
the proper ionization balance with only a full on/off fan and
likewise full on/off ionization voltage system is quite difficult
and a major impediment to effective operation in a standard
PTAC.
[0139] According to one aspect of the present invention, Adaptive
power control is applied to the ionization electronics (AO-EAI 2)
by A1 ASC 5 to provide a variable voltage ionization level matched
or suitable for a specific airflow effected by AO-FI 1. AO-EAI 2 is
operated so that its ionization output is optimized relative to the
air flow effected by AO-FI 1. Also, by integrating an A1 ASC 5 into
a PTAC, air velocity is managed and controlled to obtain
continuously varying airflow as well as air velocities much lower
than air velocities attainable by a standard PTAC. More
specifically, by using A1 ASC 5 according to the present invention,
air velocity can be reduced to as low as 100-600 CFM. As a result,
air purification using an adaptive and variable ionizer AO-EAI 2
becomes effective. Thus, according to one aspect of the present
invention, electronic air purification circuitry is rendered
adaptive, whereby balances between air velocities and ionization
voltages are controlled and maintained intelligently and adaptively
by A1 ASC 5. In addition, in an iTACC, if any ozone is produced in
the exhaust air stream some can be captured by the secondary
discharge air filter AFA-DA 3b further limiting ozone to a fraction
of the FDA's 50 ppb ozone limit for air ionization products. Also
an ETS ozone sensor placed in the discharge air flow could likewise
detect ozone and through the A1ASC 5 throttle back the voltage
ionization levels as needed.
[0140] The Adaptive Ionization feature of the present invention is
not limited to PTACs, and can be extended to all HVAC moving air
systems, heat pumps, split systems, forced hot air furnaces,
central ac system, variable air volume apparatus, fan coils, and
the like.
[0141] Another benefit of a system controller A1 ASC 5 according to
the present invention is that it adjusts motor (both the indoor,
AO-FI 1, and outdoor, AO-FO 9, fans) speed in proportion to control
inputs and mechanical static load, which means that a clean air
filter and a partially contaminated air filter will not stop the
adaptive air flow ramp up/ramp down function and other benefits.
Specifically, for example, if there is less air moving across the
cooling or heating coil than the coil's Btu output requires then
its temperature change will accelerate (increase/decrease faster).
This in turn will cause a faster change in the discharge air
temperature, which will be sensed by the A1 ASC 5 discharge air
sensor ETS 4 that resides in the path of the discharged air and
will cause the A1 ASC 5 to accelerate the speed of AO-FI 1
accordingly, keeping the air flow to Btu flow in balance. Thus,
even in less than ideal system conditions A1 ASC 5 can adapt and
perform some system correcting and help lessen some of these
operating issues.
[0142] In an iTACC according to the present invention, air filters
are preferably selected to complement the adaptive speed capability
and adaptive electronic air filtration module. The intake filter,
AFA-OA 3C, is preferably chosen to perform general air filtration
throughout the air velocity range. Most newer type treated high
density air filters designed to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
(hepa type and others) that are capable of effectively reducing
indoor room air contaminants such as dust, spores, pollen, mold,
mildew, smoke, and the like, work better when air flow is
continuous but are much improved when the air flow is continuously
adaptive and gradual. Thus, a high filtration density air filter is
most preferred for use in an iTACC according to one aspect of the
present invention.
[0143] Most standard PTACs possess intake air filters, which are
mainly implemented to protect the equipment, control some
contamination buildup on the coils, and to minimize any air flow
restrictions. These filters do minimal to nothing to aid in
improving IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) for the room occupants or room
air space. Simply putting in special high density air filters in
standard PTACs is not always a viable option. A standard PTAC
already does not always maintain temperatures well in the
controlled occupied space. Studies show, dramatic temperature
fluctuations occur under normal PTAC operation (+/-5 degrees from
set point). The problem occurs when, for example, the room needs to
be heated (or cooled). The system only has 3 main states: off, med,
hi (where med=hi.times.90%) and no gradual ramp temperature
adjustability. It would not be practical to further impede the
performance of a conventional PTAC by adding any air filtration
apparatus without any equivalent air flow adjustment.
[0144] An iTACC according to the present invention, maintains the
temperature level in a room within a degree or 2 of set point. So
the upgraded PTAC=ITACC with such tight temp control, never really
"gets behind or ahead" its heating or cooling task. As the heating
or cooling capacity output changes so does the iTACC discharge air
flow to match and optimize the Btu transfer. Depending on which
mode the iTACC is in (heating or cooling) the OP algorithms can be
profiled to fit or match such that they optimize the output air
flow ramp for increasing (heat mode) or decreasing (cool mode). An
iTACC according to the present invention performs this function
automatically without any need for user intervention. Thus, in one
preferred embodiment, within the adaptive programming strategy,
there can be a performance dynamic in "filtration mode" (like an
idle speed), which allows air velocity to be reduced to 100-600 CFM
where air filtration becomes much more efficient and effective, yet
room temperatures are better maintained. Further, the slower air
velocities that ramp to full speed smoothly and gently instead of
an abrupt full on, dramatically increase the effectiveness of the
filter's performance. To summarize, the capability to continuously
and adaptively vary the air flow through the continuous and
adaptive operation of AO-FI 1 by A1 ASC 5 allows for a more
effective use of the filters in an iTACC.
[0145] Referring to FIG. 2E, OPPs in A1ASC 5 are utilized to vary
and "adaptively" control AO-EHE 13 and maintain sympathy and
balance with the indoor fan AO-FI 1. This can be done by directly
powering AO-EHE 13 only when heat is needed in the same manner ac
power is supplied to AO-FI 1. So both AO-FI 1 and AO-EHE 13 would
be operated in tandem and powered to ramp up and down. AO-EHE 13
could be directed by its own separate OPP in the A1ASC 5. This
could be from a secondary input item ETS 4 into A1ASC 5 dedicated
to driving the heating elements based on their own OP heating
algorithm. In any and all cases, the goal is to optimize and match
indoor fan air-flow with heat BTU output capacity to achieve
improved AO-EHE 13 efficiency and performance. Augmented heat PTACs
include, in addition to the heat pump function, electronic heater
core element(s) which supplement the compressor in the heating
mode. These heater elements, like the motors, are 2 state devices:
ON/OFF.
[0146] Further, in a conventional PTAC, after the heater core has
been energized, and at the time power to the core is switched off,
the PTAC fans themselves continue to run full speed, but do not
efficiently extract heat from the core and cause premature cooling
of the core resulting in inefficiency.
[0147] The amount of heat transfer to a given occupied space is
optimized when the rate at which heat leaving that occupied space
is equal to the rate at which it is being replenished. A heater
element, that is full-on or off, cannot effectively match this
rate. Further, to effectively dissipate heat, while maximizing the
efficiency of heat generated by the heating elements, requires a
process of simultaneous optimization of air-flow rates and thermal
considerations that vary in accordance with the demand at any given
instant (a differential value), while manipulating the quantity of
heat capacity available on the heater core at any given instant (a
second differential value) to simultaneously compensate for both
air flow and heat capacity. Mathematically this is modeled by a 2nd
order differential equation, which can be realized and computed by
an OP algorithm within A1 ASC 5. The adaptive motor control
capability of A1 ASC 5 alleviates this problem by gradual
acceleration/deceleration of the fan motors in sympathy with the
sensor, global system, and other various control inputs, all mixed
and computed optically. That is, A1 ASC 5 can operate AO-FI 1 so
that the rate of heat extraction due to the air flowing past AO-EHE
13 is closely matched to the heat output of AO-EHE 13, rendering
the heating operation thereof more efficient.
[0148] FIG. 2F illustrates AO-Comp 14 arrangement of an iTACC
according to the present invention. FIG. 2D'' highlights the
isolated sections from FIG. 2A disclosing and detailing the main
features and elements for Adaptive Speed Compressor control for
both compressor heat pump heating and compressor cooling. As
explained earlier, an internal OPP (Opto Programmed Processor) in
A1ASC 5 has built in algorithms that are utilized to continuously
and variably control the compressor motor's speed. This directly
impacts the compressor's pressure and temperature output which in
turn controls and determines its heating and cooling rate. The OPP
control for AO-Comp 14 could be in tandem with AO-FI 1 output speed
and power, or it could be through a separate ETS 4 (sensor) input
(e.g. input from a pressure sensor) into A1ASC 5 and a separate
power output from A1ASC 5 to the compressor. In both Air
Conditioning mode and Heat Pump mode AO-Comp 14 can shift into a
Smart, Intelligent Adaptive Climate Mode as opposed to a simple
on/off mode as most HVAC compressors do. In the Intelligent
Adaptive Climate Mode, AO-Comp 14 is continuously adaptively
adjusted and operated as opposed to being shut off and then started
again. Thus, the output of AO-Comp 14 can be continuously varied
according to an OP profile (e.g. a 2D or a 3D non-linear profile
resulting in significant system performance).
[0149] FIG. 2G and FIG. 2G' illustrate HCE arrangements of an iTACC
according to the present invention. FIG. 2G calls attention to the
full Adaptive nature of the entire heating and cooling system
within iTACC. It shows all the active electrically powered elements
(items: 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 4) and the active thermally powered
elements (items: 16a, 16b). These thermally active elements, HCE-I
16a and HCE-O, are not two state devices. Rather, they have a ramp
up/down rate in thermal transfer and as such become more efficient
and effective when the air flow on them is also not two state. The
placement of ETS 4 temperature sensors in their discharge air flow
will sense and track the thermal (BTU) output and then input this
info into the A1ASC 5 where an appropriate OPP will convert this to
a matched and Adaptive air flow effected by AO-FI 1. Consequently,
HCE-I 16a and HCE-O 16b reverse thermal roles and go from absorbing
heat to creating heat, so evaporator and condenser roles
reverse.
[0150] Often the compressor can be one of the largest contributors
of PTAC noise. In a conventional PTAC, noise production of 3 motors
running at full speed is an issue that is simply accepted and not
addressed. Quieting its operation without altering or harming its
function is another aspect of an iTACC according to the present
invention. FIG. 2H illustrates the CS-NRS 7a and ANB 8 arrangements
of an iTACC according to the present invention, which help to
minimize and reduce the noise from AO-Comp 14 and AO-FO 9, by far
the two loudest noise sources. The combination of CS-NRS 7a and ANB
8 noise dampers along with the Adaptive (lower) speeds of the
outdoor fan AO-FO 9 and AO-Comp 14 significantly reduce noise for
the room occupants as well as for the outdoor neighbors. CS-NRS 7a
has an added function and feature besides noise reduction, which is
described below as CS-CES 7b as well as highlighted in FIG. 2I.
[0151] Moisture, condensate or water collection, build up and its
removal in the outside water pan is a well known and awkward PTAC
problem. Pan drain kits, overflows, special Outdoor fan blades are
known ways used to get rid of the water or moisture. FIG. 2I
illustrates CS-CES 7b arrangement of an iTACC according to the
present invention. CS-CES 7b is made of a foam like material such
as weather stripping or sponge material that not only will absorb
noise, but will also absorb moisture. Thus, CS-CES 7b removes pan
collected water and moisture to accomplish a second function as
well. How does it capture the pan water and then what does it do
with it is below.
[0152] CS-CES 7b has "feet" or sleeve extensions that lay in the
bottom of the condensate pan where the moisture and water would
collect. The sponge absorbent like feet will absorb or actually
wick up the moisture from the pan. The wet feet are also connected
or part of the sleeve (i.e. unitarily integrated with sleeve) (see
NRS), which is around the compressor. As CS-CES 7b wicks up the
moisture into the sleeve and the sleeve gets wet the compressor
heat and the airflow across the CS-NRS 7a will evaporate the
moisture. Consequently, CS-CES 7b will continue to wick up still
more moisture into the sleeve to replace the evaporated moisture.
Much like a sponge or siphon CS-CES 7b pulls moisture up out of the
pan of the iTACC, whereby it is evaporated into the airflow going
across the compressor from the outdoor fan (AO-FO 9). In addition
to creating this sponge-like evaporative drying moisture transfer,
CS-CES 7b also creates a measure of evaporative cooling helping to
keep the compressor cooler and more efficient and better noise
dampening as well.
[0153] Thus, according to another aspect of the present invention,
compressor jacket (CS-NRS 7a and CS-NRS7b) is made of a sleeve
material (which preferably exhibits sound damping characteristics),
that is capable of siphoning and wicking up water from the
condensation pan, is wrapped around the compressor and placed in
contact with the water in the condensate pan in order to wick up
water from the same.
[0154] Thus, the water that is wicked up by the sleeve can cool the
compressor and also reduce noise. A suitable material may be more
foam like than sponge like. A possible suitable material may be
weather stripping. The "compressor sleeve" when placed over the
compressor assembly and extended into the moisture collection pan,
the moisture collected is evaporated off quickly by the heat of the
compressor. Furthermore, if the compressor is positioned in the
outside airflow intake stream, air moving across the sponge will
help to evaporate the moisture therein both to cool the compressor
and to help disperse and absorb the pan collected moisture into the
exhaust air flow.
[0155] The Liquid Cooled Sleeve also becomes a noise reducing
agent. That is, whenever the compressor is operating, this special
sleeve not only helps lower its noise but can help it stay cooler
and absorb and eliminate pan condensate. After retrofitting a PTAC
with an A1 ASC 5, it was found that noise levels of all the fan
motors were reduced to manageable levels. The new sound dampening
sleeve helps to lessen compressor noise as well as reduce cycles
and compressor on-time.
[0156] To summarize, the sleeve or jacket (CS-NRS 7a and CS-CES 7b)
helps achieve several functions for the iTACC. It absorbs, wicks up
and evaporates the collected PTAC pan moisture into the exhaust air
helping to eliminate a big PTAC drawback, namely water removal. A
"wet or moisture" laden sleeve is a better compressor noise
dampener and at the same time this wet evaporation effect helps to
avoid the CS-NRS 7a sleeve from becoming a "blanket" to the
compressor and actually helps cool the compressor. So these are two
novel functions in one package: 1--reduce noise (7a); 2--cool the
compressor and remove humidity/condensation collected in the PTACs
outside moisture collection pan(7b).
[0157] In addition to the above control features, another aspect of
an iTACC is to "reverse" the fan airflow from "pushing air into the
condenser coil (Outdoor heat exchanger HCE-O 16b)" to "pulling air
across it". FIG. 2J illustrates AO-FO 9 arrangement of an iTACC
according to the present invention. FIG. 2J discloses a novel
approach to the outdoor fan in addition to making it "Adaptive" and
intelligent.
[0158] Specifically, FIG. 2J discloses reversing the fan airflow
direction to "pull versus push" the outside air. By reversing the
airflow a number of airflow improvements can be obtained through
and over the outdoor heat exchanger HCE-O 16b. As illustrated by
FIG. 2J', pulling versus pushing high speed air against the face of
the coil (HCE-O 16b) helps eliminate back pressure, standing waves
and inefficiencies that are caused by "pushing air against" versus
"pulling air through" a coil. This also helps decrease air flow
gaps, hot spots and interference that often occur across the coil
with high speed fan air blowing directly against the coil. This
reversing should in itself allow for much less air flow to achieve
much better coil heat transfer and thus allow lowering the amount
of overall air needed to achieve similar results. Furthermore,
controlling the outdoor fan to realize a much lower but
proportional air flow gives a much more efficient, less turbulent
air flow through, and heat transfer for the coil. Further noise
reduction and efficiency can be realized by replacing the rotary
fan with a squirrel cage type blower assembly. An iTACC according
to the present invention includes outdoor air filters AFA-OA 3c on
the sides of the coil equipment HCE-O16b. The outdoor air filters
serve well in standard outdoor fan air when the fan is blowing in
the traditional way "pulled in on the sides and pushed out through
the coil". However, as noted above on the outdoor fan air flow,
when the direction is reversed these filters need to be moved from
the sides of the coil to the face of the coil. When the air is
being "pulled across the coil" it will serve a role similar to the
standard role of the filters on the evaporate coil.
[0159] Most PTACs have simple fixed opened or closed outside air
dampers or louvers. An iTACC may use a dynamic, adaptive louver
AO-AL 15 that can be set to a preset opening and will respond to
and close with increase in airflow. AO-AL 15 can return to the
preset opening once the system defaults back to low idle speed
allowing and bringing in outside air but at a minimum flow level
keeping "fresh air" but not too much into the room. Another object
of this invention is to link the damper function to thermal
activity with a user controlled switch that couples its function
such that when the compressor or heater is powered the damper is
opened and when they are not operating the damper closes. Another
option is to have the louver controlled by the air velocity going
over it. As A1 ASC 5 can cause a changing air flow, it will pull on
outside air across the louver. This could provide variable louver
openings proportional to the air flow with a retaining spring
tension. Finally, if preferred, the louver can also be fixed open
or closed.
[0160] FIG. 4 illustratively compares a PTAC topology to an iTACC
topology. Thus, a PTAC comprises of an OEM control circuitry 100
that can switch power on/off to various electrical devices (e.g.
heat coil, fan motor, compressor motor, etc.) in discreet steps. On
the other hand, as illustrated in, in an iTACC, an OPP 102 employs
various OP profiles (2D and 3d) to operate the electrical devices
(e.g. fan motor, heating coil, compressor motor etc.). As explained
above, the OP profiles allow for continuously adaptive operation of
the electrical devices in a nonlinear manner which leads to the
efficient operation of the iTACC.
[0161] FIG. 4 helps summarize the many concurrent 2D, 3D or ND
(multi-dimensional) functions that any OPP upgraded HVAC system can
achieve. It is this overall "Intelligent, Adaptive, Real-time,
parallel Opto Programming and Processing" that upgrades a standard
PTAC into an "Intelligent Total Air Climate & Cleaning
Conditioner" or iTACC. As shown in FIG. 4 there can be multiple or
many inputs into one OPP (n to 1, i.e. multiple input, single
output) or a signal could go to multiple OPPs (1 to n, i.e. single
input, multiple output) or there could be many to many (n to n,
i.e. multiple input, multiple output). All these various options
and paths would result in some type of power output that is
controlled through an OPP.
[0162] As noted herein, in an iTACC according to the present
invention, the various electrical components are operated in
tandem. Tandem as used herein is not necessarily referring to the
concurrent and independent operation of the electrical components
(e.g. heater, ionizer, etc.) or electromechanical components (e.g.
indoor fan, outdoor fan, compressor, etc.). Rather, in tandem as
used herein refers to the concurrent interdependent operation of
the components based on a OP profile in order to optimize the
overall performance of the iTACC. For example, FIG. 8 shows a 3-D
climate OP profile based on which A1 ASC 5 can provide operational
signals to the various components of the iTACC. In FIG. 8, the
values received from the sensors are along the x axis and the z
axis. That is, the x-axis and the z-axis are input values. As
shown, for example, the x-axis includes temperature values and the
z-axis values from another sensor, such as, a humidity sensor. The
generated output values are plotted on a y-axis. As is evident,
there can be several y-axis each representing an output value.
Thus, for example, one y-axis can have values representing the
speed of the indoor fan motor, and another y-axis can be another
electrical or electromechanical component. For example, another
y-axis can be the values related to the operation of the
compressor. In tandem operation, A1 ASC 5 would receive signals
from one or more sensors, and would then find a data point
representing the output necessary for the operation of AO-FI 1 and
AO-Comp 14. Thus, for example, assuming that the set point for
cooling is 75 degrees and the humidity (RH) is at 40% and the
temperature sensor indicates the room temperature has risen to 78
degrees, A1 ASC 5 would then find a data point on a climate
profiles such as the one shown in FIG. 8 to adjust the speed of
AO-FI 1 and the performance of AO-Comp 14 in order to return the
temperature of the room to the set point of 75. Moreover, A1 ASC 5
could take in not only temperature values, but could also take
humidity values, and find a data point on the surface of a three
dimensional climate profile such as the one shown in FIG. 8 based
on which it would send output signals to AO-FI 1, and AO-Comp 14 or
other electrical and electromechanical devices. In this example
given that the RH of 40% is low, AO-FI 1 may increase in speed
while AO-Comp 14 may not speed up for this RH level; but given the
same temp conditions but with RH at 80% then both AO-FI 1 and
AO-Comp 14 would in tandem react to this new combined temp/humidity
condition and speed up. It is this tandem and concurrent capability
that allows multiple real time sensor signal inputs to be managed
in a simple but functionally powerful way by A1 ASC 5.
[0163] As can be appreciated, a climate profile is not limited to
three dimensions, but can include as many input values and as many
output values as desired. Thus, in addition to or instead of input
values from a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, input
values from other sensors that could be climate based or air
quality (CO2, CO, O2, O3, NO, etc) or other active room conditions
(room occupancy) or even remote signals. All of these could be
accepted by A1 ASC 5 for the purpose of selecting a proper drive
signal for one or more electrical or electromechanical components.
As a result, the components of an iTACC according to the present
invention can be operated concurrently in tandem not just in an
independent manner, but in an interdependent manner based an OP
climate profiles or other non-climate OP profiles.
[0164] According to another aspect of the present invention, the
front grille or the entire exterior assembly of a PTAC can include
an array of decor accenting colors, to theme oriented graphic
artwork and design. Thus, the entire PTAC could be colored,
textured, made as simulated wood grain or special graphics or
images could be included. Similar efforts could be effected on the
wall sleeve as well along with some added insulation.
[0165] According to another aspect of the present invention, the
rear grille assembly of a PTAC can include an array of decor
accenting colors, to theme oriented graphic artwork and design.
Since these are also outside the building and visible from the
street this could also be used for signs, advertisements, and other
commercial venues.
[0166] FIG. 9 shows a series of PTAC or iTACC covers in an
assortment of colors, photos or images. Most PTAC covers are
usually a simple plain white or vanilla color. The premise of using
colors, photos and images allows a PTAC or iTACC user to match the
unit to the room decor and lets it become a piece of room furniture
as opposed to just a piece of room equipment. In a commercial or
business environment these could be ads, signs or logos to promote
a message or theme. This same technique and concept of various
colors, patterns, images etc for the PTAC cover could be applied to
the PTAC rear grille as well.
[0167] Present or standard PTAC through-the-wall sleeves are a
single piece four sided fixed open box like item typically
fabricated from steel. These are used to place a PTAC in for
support and location for a through-the-wall installation. Once
installed in the wall these sleeves serve a practical role of
guiding and supporting a PTAC between the inside of a room and
outside space. But outside their installed in-the-wall location
standard PTAC wall sleeves are bulky, flimsy, fragile, and awkward
to handle, ship, install and the like.
[0168] According to another aspect of the present invention,
materials, other than Metal and plastic, can be used to manufacture
a PTAC wall sleeve. Designs can be realized utilizing various types
of wood, stained and/or finished in such a way as to provide an
aesthetically pleasing wood cabinet style, and wood material
treated with water and moisture resistant finishes that exceed
performance of the common steel type counterparts.
[0169] Present "one-piece" wall sleeve fabrication techniques
create many problems in transport/shipping in that units have to be
palletized and shipped via freight.
[0170] According to one aspect of the present invention, a
foldable/collapsible wall sleeve having strategically placed hinges
is used to provide the following benefits:
[0171] SETUP--placement of the hinges is such that, unfolding the
wall sleeve assembly and locking it into place can be done in less
than a few minutes.
[0172] SHIPPING--the hinge mechanism is placed such that the
assembly folds flattened into itself, for a compact shipping
footprint and a dramatically reduced likelihood of damage as a
result of shipping.
[0173] RIGIDITY--the hinged design method creates a cabinet that is
mechanically superior to its preset fixed steel or plastic wall
sleeve counterpart.
[0174] NOISE--in addition to the mechanical strength, the
fabrication material, (wood in this case, although could be any
number of materials) acts to manage unwanted radiant noise from the
PTAC.
[0175] FIG. 10B illustrates PWS-CR 12, according to another aspect
of the present invention, which is a simple hinged, foldable,
collapsible four sided box structure that is dimensionally the same
size as a standard wall sleeve when set up to go through-the wall,
but collapses or folds flat for handling, shipping, storage and the
like. PWS-CR 12 includes a bottom base 30, a first side piece 32
coupled to one edge of bottom base 30 by a hinge 34, a second side
piece 36 coupled to another edge (opposite the one edge) of bottom
base 30 by a hinge 34, and a top 38 coupled by the free sides of
side pieces 32, 36 by screws 40. Thus, by removing screws 40, top
38 can be removed and side pieces 32, 36 can be folded as
illustrated. To set-up this new sleeve it is a simple matter of
unfolding the wall sleeve's two vertical sides 32, 36 and attaching
the top 38 with screws or fasteners. A PTAC or an iTACC unit can be
then receive inside PWS-CR 12 as indicated. Referring to FIG. 10A,
other folding options such as the sides with middle hinges would
allow for no assembly required one only open need to open, lift and
stand the sleeve into place. Various options can be employed to
achieve the same purpose of a sleeve that is pre-assembled and can
be laid flat and can simple opened to a rigid box. Thus, while the
top illustration shows a collapsible sleeve according to FIG. 10B,
the middle illustrated arrangement shows a collapsible sleeve in
which screws 40 are replaced with hinges 34, which allow the
collapsible sleeve to be shipped already assembled. The bottom
arrangement is a further modification of the middle arrangement in
which the sidewalls 32, 34 are divided into two pieces and then
coupled to one another by hinges 34. Hinges 34 are preferably
arranged so that sidewalls 32, 34 fold in an inwardly direction,
i.e. toward one another. Thus, the collapsible sleeve, when folded,
will be more compact, compared to the illustrated middle
arrangement.
[0176] As stated above, present or standard PTAC through-the-wall
sleeves are a single piece four sided fixed open box like item.
These are used to place a PTAC in for support and location for a
through-the-wall installation. Each wall sleeve is dimensionally
designed to fit a single sized rectangular through-the-wall hole
and fit a PTAC sized for that hole. Generally, these are sized to a
couple of fixed sizes with a standard PTAC size being
42''W.times.16''H.times.14''D, so the standard wall sleeve has this
as its inner dimension size. Earlier PTAC versions and non-standard
PTACs are 36''W.times.16''H.times.14''D; there are some other sizes
but these two sizes are the majority. Depending on the wall
thickness, once the wall sleeve is installed, unless the wall depth
is approximately the depth of the wall sleeve, the wall sleeve and
the PTAC will overhang the wall. The PTAC will extend into the room
or hang outside the building wall depending on how far or how much
overhang there is in extra depth.
[0177] FIG. 10C further shows a PTAC/iTACC Wall Sleeve--Standard
Size Converter=PWS-SSC according to another aspect of the present
invention. FIG. 10 shows a two hole sized two pieced sleeved
structure that has an inside the room piece (PWS-CR) sized to fit
the PTAC/iTACC and the second through-the-wall piece (PWS-SSC)
sized to fit the wall hole size. PWS-SSC can be nested inside
PWS-CR, which can allow, for example, a standard 42'' wide PTAC to
be used with a 36'' wide wall hole. Thus, the PTAC or iTACC and
inner 42''W wall sleeve would sit completely inside the room with a
slight offset distance from the outer part of this sleeve which
goes through the wall. PWS-SSC can be made size-adjustable as an
adapter to fit standard iTACCs into undersized openings.
[0178] In utilizing this sleeve for example, one could mount and
fit a standard 42'' wide PTAC into a smaller, but common 36''
opening, and other smaller sizes.
[0179] Referring to FIG. 11A, an iTACC according to the present
invention can include directional louvers 42 according to an aspect
of the present invention. Louvers 42 are assembled onto the back of
a PTAC housing in order to facilitate intake and exhaust of air
into the unit. Louvers 42 according to the present invention are
directionally adjustable and can increase iTACC's outdoor heat
core's efficiency. As illustrated, louvers 42 can be pivotally
installed spaced from the edges of side pieces 32 and 36, whereby
three channels are created: a central channel 44 to allow for
passage of exhaust air from the back of HCE-O 16b, and two side
channels 46 each adjacent a respective side of a central channel to
allow for the intaking of air. Each louver 42 may include bent
edges 42' which preferably face away from central channel 44 to
facilitate air flow.
[0180] FIG. 11B illustrates how a housing 12 provided with louvers
42 can be installed in an opening 48 in a wall 50. Note that
because louvers 42 allow for a central channel 44 for the exhaust
air, opening 48 need not be the exact size of housing 12. Rather,
it can be smaller (i.e. less wide) and still allow for the
installation of the iTACC unit. Thus, louvers 42 can also
facilitate retrofitting a standard 42'' iTACC into a
non-conventional 36'' window width sleeve.
[0181] In many PTAC installations, customers find the appearance of
a PTAC unsightly. Where concern for the aesthetics of a PTAC
installation is an issue, custom cabinetry can be used to house the
PTAC. The PTAC would be encased in a piece of custom built
furniture with the following properties:
[0182] Flexible height--designed to be fully adjustable in height
by the addition of side pieces and front pieces to accommodate a
variety of circumstances.
[0183] Variety of construction materials--PTAC furniture enclosures
could be made to order to satisfy a customer's designer interest.
Made from a variety of materials: various types of wood, plastics,
and the like.
[0184] Moisture resistant--Wood materials would be specially
treated with moisture resistant finishes, and fastened together
with moisture resistant hardware, ceramic screws, and the like.
[0185] Hinged top--Top of the PTAC furniture would utilize a hinge
top. The top could serve as a small table, large display shelf, or
the like.
[0186] Integrated cabinet filters--The PTAC furniture could
integrate wood grating or filters into the cabinet itself, thus
completely hiding the unsightly PTAC without affecting its
functionality.
[0187] Front panel hinged--Hinged front panel would provide easy
access to PTAC and internal filters for maintenance.
[0188] Designer cabinetry--artwork, colors, wood stain, fabric,
etc. could be all made-to-order from customer specification.
[0189] Design with materials optimized for further noise
reduction.
[0190] FIG. 12 illustrates a potential design.
[0191] FIG. 13 illustrates a custom grille, fabricated from oak,
which can be used in a cabinet according to the present
invention.
[0192] Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, a cabinet assembly 52
according to another aspect of the present invention includes
preferably a kick plate 54, an adjustable shelf assembly 56
disposed over kick plate 54, two side covers 58 each assembled on a
respective side of adjustable shelf assembly 56, and preferably a
writing table 60 (or some other platform, shelf-like arrangement)
assembled to the top edges of side covers 58. Side covers 58 extend
above the top surface of adjustable shelf assembly 56 and thus, in
combination with writing table 60 define a space in which a PTAC or
ITACC unit can be received. Note that grill like bodies 62 can be
assembled onto side covers 58 (which can be part of a case 63) to
hide the front side of PTAC/ITACC when it is received in the
defined space. Further note that writing table 60 may be hingedly
assembled so that it may be lifted to allow access to the
PTAC/ITACC unit. Advantageously, a cabinet assembly 52 according to
the present invention may allow the PTAC/ITACC unit to reside
inside the room entirely without adversely affecting the aesthetics
of the room, while minimizing or eliminating the unsightly
appearance of extending the unit outside the wall or a window. Note
that case 63 may further include a control cover 65 which can be
lifted selectively to allow access to the controls of the
PTAC/ITACC.
[0193] FIG. 14 illustrates the custom grille of FIG. 13 fitted to a
PTAC in place of the PTAC's top cover.
[0194] Although the present invention has been described in
relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations
and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those
skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present
invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but
only by the appended claims.
* * * * *