U.S. patent application number 15/184367 was filed with the patent office on 2017-04-13 for short-wavelength ultraviolet light array for aquatic invasive weed species control apparatus and method.
The applicant listed for this patent is JOHN A. PAOLUCCIO, JOHN J. PAOLUCCIO. Invention is credited to JOHN A. PAOLUCCIO, JOHN J. PAOLUCCIO.
Application Number | 20170099826 15/184367 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58498459 |
Filed Date | 2017-04-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170099826 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
PAOLUCCIO; JOHN J. ; et
al. |
April 13, 2017 |
SHORT-WAVELENGTH ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ARRAY FOR AQUATIC INVASIVE WEED
SPECIES CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD
Abstract
Apparatus for control of vegetation having at least a part
within a body of water such as a lake which includes a generally
planar surface and a plurality of Ultra Violet Light-C (UV-C) light
sources capable of producing UV-C light at substantially a wave
length of 254 nm, the sources being disposed on the generally
planar surface. The method for control of vegetation includes
providing a generally planar surface, providing the plurality of
UV-C light sources capable of producing UV-C light at substantially
a wave length of 254 nm and positioning the sources on the
generally planar surface, and positioning the generally planar
member with the UV-C light sources within 12 inches of vegetation
to be controlled, and exposing the vegetation to be controlled to
the UV-C light sources for a finite period of time.
Inventors: |
PAOLUCCIO; JOHN J.;
(MODESTO, CA) ; PAOLUCCIO; JOHN A.; (MODESTO,
CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
PAOLUCCIO; JOHN J.
PAOLUCCIO; JOHN A. |
MODESTO
MODESTO |
CA
CA |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
58498459 |
Appl. No.: |
15/184367 |
Filed: |
June 16, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62238632 |
Oct 7, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y02A 90/40 20180101;
A01M 21/02 20130101; A01M 21/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01M 21/02 20060101
A01M021/02 |
Claims
1. Apparatus for control of vegetation having at least a part
thereof within a body of water such as a lake, pond, or river which
comprises: a generally planar surface and a plurality of UV-C light
sources capable of producing UV-C light at substantially a wave
length of 254 nm, said sources being disposed on said generally
planar surface.
2. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said generally
planar surface is rigid and substantially inflexible.
3. The apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein said UV-C light
sources are elongated and tubular.
4. The apparatus as described in claim 3 wherein each of said UV-C
light sources have an axis and each said axis is disposed in
substantially perpendicular relationship to said generally planar
surface.
5. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said generally
planar surface includes first and second members each having planar
portions, said planar portions depending in perpendicular
relationship to said generally planar surface.
6. The apparatus as described in claim 4 wherein said generally
planar surface includes first and second members each having planar
portions, each planar portion depending in perpendicular
relationship to said generally planar surface.
7. The apparatus as described in claim 6 wherein said planar
portion of said first member is disposed in oblique relationship to
said planar portion of said second member.
8. The apparatus as described in claim 7 wherein said first and
second planar members inherently define sequential spaces
therebetween with respect to vegetation passing beneath said
generally planar surface that are sequentially a mouth region
followed by a smaller throat region whereby vegetation beneath said
generally planar surface, when said generally planar surface is
laterally moved, passes from a larger mouth region to a smaller
throat region and the vegetation is thereby compacted to facilitate
irradiation by ultraviolet light from said UV-C light sources.
9. The apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein said UV-C light
sources are LED devices.
10. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including
attachment surfaces for cooperation with an associated hoist to
facilitate lifting of said generally planar surface, followed by
lateral movement and depositing said generally planar surface in a
different part of a virtual grid defined on a surface to be
treated.
11. The apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein said plurality of
UV-C light sources are arranged in a grid.
12. (canceled)
12. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including a
deflector disposed on at least one side of said generally planar
surface to deflect and compact vegetation upon lateral motion of
said generally planar surface.
13. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including a
deflector that has a generally arcuate cross section.
14. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including at
least one support pad carried by a guide post depending from said
generally planar surface.
15. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including a light
shield extending along peripheral parts of said generally planar
surface to avoid escape of UV light.
16. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including a
deflector disposed on at least one side of said generally planar
surface to deflect and compact vegetation upon lateral motion of
said generally planar surface.
18. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including a
deflector that has a generally arcuate shape.
19. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including first
and second support pads carried by respective first and second
guide posts depending from sides of said general planar
surface.
20. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including
ultrasonic cleaning devices to dislodge sediment from the
vegetation to be controlled.
21. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including strobe
lights to deter fish in the vicinity of the generally planar
member.
22. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including
noisemakers to deter fish in the vicinity of the generally planar
member.
23. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including a video
camera to facilitate guiding the generally planar member with
respect to vegetation below the generally planar member.
24. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including at one
flotation bladder cooperating with said generally planar
member.
25. The apparatus as described in claim 2 further including at
first and second spaced flotation bladders cooperating with said
generally planar member.
26. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said generally
planar surface is flexible enough to bend and generally conform to
the ground surface below the water in the body of water.
27. The apparatus as described in claim 26 wherein said UV-C light
sources are elongated and tubular.
28. The apparatus as described in claim 26 wherein each of said
UV-C light sources have an axis and each said axis is disposed in
substantially perpendicular relationship to said generally planar
surface.
29. The apparatus as described in claim 26 wherein said generally
planar surface includes first and second members each having planar
portions, said planar portions depending in perpendicular
relationship to said generally planar surface.
30. The apparatus as described in claim 27 wherein said generally
planar surface includes first and second members each having planar
portions, each planar portion depending in perpendicular
relationship to said generally planar surface.
31. The apparatus as described in claim 30 wherein said planar
portion of said first member is disposed in oblique relationship to
said planar portion of said second member.
32. The apparatus as described in claim 31 wherein said first and
second planar members inherently define sequential spaces there
between with respect to vegetation passing beneath said generally
planar surface that are sequentially a mouth region followed by a
smaller throat region whereby vegetation beneath said generally
planar surface, when said generally planar surface is laterally
moved, passes from a larger mouth region to a smaller throat region
and the vegetation is thereby compacted to facilitate irradiation
by ultraviolet light from said UV-C light sources.
33. The apparatus as described in claim 26 wherein said UV-C light
sources are LED devices.
34. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including
attachment surfaces for cooperation with an associated hoist to
facilitate lifting of said generally planar surface, followed by
lateral movement and depositing said generally planar surface in a
different part of a virtual grid defined on a surface to be
treated.
35. The apparatus as described in claim 26 wherein said plurality
of UV-C light sources are arranged in a grid.
36. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including a
deflector disposed on at least one side of said generally planar
surface to deflect and compact vegetation upon lateral motion of
said generally planar surface.
37. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including a
deflector that has a generally arcuate cross section.
38. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including at
least one support pad carried by a guide post depending from said
generally planar surface.
39. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including a
light shield extending along peripheral parts of said generally
planar surface to avoid escape of UV light.
40. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including a
deflector disposed on at least one side of said generally planar
surface to deflect and compact vegetation upon lateral motion of
said generally planar surface.
41. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including a
deflector that has a generally arcuate shape.
42. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including first
and second support pads carried by respective first and second
guide posts depending from sides of said general planar
surface.
43. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including
ultrasonic cleaning devices to dislodge sediment from the
vegetation to be controlled.
44. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including strobe
lights to deter fish in the vicinity of the generally planar
member.
45. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including
noisemakers to deter fish in the vicinity of the generally planar
member.
46. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including a
video camera to facilitate guiding the generally planar member with
respect to vegetation below the generally planar member.
47. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including at one
flotation bladder cooperating with said generally planar
member.
48. The apparatus as described in claim 26 further including at
first and second spaced flotation bladders cooperating with said
generally planar member.
49. The apparatus as described in claim 26 wherein said generally
planar surface is manufactured of rubber.
50. A method for control of vegetation growing with at least a part
thereof within a body of water such as a lake, pond, or river which
comprises: providing a generally planar surface; providing a
plurality of UV-C light sources capable of producing UV-C light at
substantially a wave length of 254 nm, positioning said sources on
said generally planar surface, and positioning the generally planar
member with the UV-C light sources within 12 inches of vegetation
to be controlled, and exposing the vegetation to be controlled to
the UV-C light sources for a finite period of time of at least five
minutes.
51. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
providing a plurality of UV-C light sources includes providing UV-C
light sources are elongated and tubular.
52. The method as described in claim 51 wherein the step of
providing a plurality of UV-C light sources includes providing UV-C
light sources includes providing UV-C light sources that have an
axis and disposing each axis in substantially perpendicular
relationship to the generally planar surface.
53. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
providing a generally planar surface includes providing a generally
planar surface that includes first and second planar members
depending in perpendicular relationship to said generally planar
surface.
54. The method as described in claim 50 the step of providing a
generally planar surface includes providing first and second planar
members each depending in perpendicular relationship to said
generally planar surface.
55. The method as described in claim 54 the step of providing a
generally planar surface includes providing first and second planar
members each depending in perpendicular relationship to said
generally planar surface further includes providing the first
planar member in oblique relationship to the second planar
member.
56. The method as described in claim 55 the method defines
sequential spaces between the first and second planar members with
respect to vegetation passing beneath the generally planar surface
that are sequentially a mouth region followed by a smaller throat
region whereby vegetation beneath the generally planar surface,
when the generally planar surface is laterally moved, passes from a
larger mouth region to a smaller throat region and the vegetation
is thereby compacted to facilitate irradiation by ultraviolet light
from the UV-C light sources.
57. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
providing a generally planar surface includes providing a surface
that is substantially rigid and inflexible.
58. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
providing a generally planar surface includes providing a surface
that is a mat.
59. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
providing a plurality of UV-C light sources includes providing UV-C
light sources are LED devices.
60. The method as described in claim 50 further including the step
of providing attachment surfaces for cooperation with an associated
hoist to facilitate lifting of said generally planar surface,
followed by lateral movement and depositing said generally planar
surface in a different part of a virtual grid defined on a surface
to be treated.
61. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
providing a plurality of UV-C light sources includes arranging the
UV-C light sources in a grid.
62. The method as described in claim 50 further including providing
a deflector disposed on at least one side of the generally planar
surface to deflect and compact vegetation upon lateral motion of
the generally planar surface.
63. The apparatus as described in claim 50 further including
providing a deflector that has a generally arcuate cross
section.
64. The method as described in claim 50 further providing at least
one support pad carried by a guide post depending from the
generally planar surface.
65. The method as described in claim 50 further including providing
a light shield extending along peripheral parts of the generally
planar surface to avoid escape of UV light.
66. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
positioning the generally planar member further includes sequential
movement the generally planar in a helical path.
67. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
positioning the generally planar member further includes sequential
movement into unique positions the generally planar member within
an area to be treated.
68. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
positioning the generally planar member further includes sequential
movement into unique positions within a grid in an area to be
treated.
69. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
positioning the generally planar member further includes sequential
movement into sequential positions the generally planar member
within a grid in an area to be treated and each movement involves
elevating the substantially planar member above the surface of the
body of water, laterally moving the substantially planar member,
and lowering the substantially planar member below the surface of
the body of water.
70. The method as described in claim 50 wherein the step of
positioning the generally planar member further includes slowly
moving the substantially planar member.
71. The method as described in claim 70 wherein the step of
positioning the generally planar member includes towing the
generally planar member over an area to be treated.
72. (canceled)
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. provisional
patent application No. 62/238,632 filed on 7 Oct. 2015 which
application is incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention is generally directed to remediation
of invasive weeds disposed in lakes, ponds ocean bays and other
bodies of water. More particularly, embodiments of the present
invention are directed to the use of Ultra Violet Light to destroy
invasive weeds and particularly to provide a practical way of using
Ultra Violet Light-C (UV-C) light for controlling aquatic invasive
weeds in lakes and other bodies of water. Embodiments of the
present invention utilize a non-chemical treatment method to
control and destroy aquatic plants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Eurasian Watermilfoil also known as Myriophyllum spicatum L.
is a submersed, aquatic perennial in the Haloragaceae family that
roots to the bottom of water bodies. The roots are slender and
fragile. Stems emerge from root crowns, are smooth and hairless,
and grow up to 21 feet to the water surface, where they branch
profusely. Stems have layers of specialized, partially lignified
cells that enable the stem to self-fragment without mechanical
disturbance. Stem fragments are capable of forming new plants.
[0004] Eurasian watermilfoil can be found on every continent except
Antarctica. It is native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. It
colonizes rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. It grows under a
range of trophic conditions, but it is considered an indicator of
eutrophic (low levels of dissolved oxygen, high levels of organic
matter) conditions. Growth and spread is limited by light, wave
action, temperature and depth, preventing colonization of deep
waters or water with high suspended particles. Optimum water depth
for growth ranges from 3 to 13 feet, and a maximum depth for growth
is 39 feet. It can tolerate moving water, and water currents and
wave action facilitate fragmentation and colonization to stiller
waters.
[0005] Once established in an aquatic habitat, Eurasian
watermilfoil grows rapidly in spring (March-April). Stolons, lower
stems, root crowns, and roots persist over the winter in
California. In waters where temperatures do not drop below 50
degrees F. (10 degrees C.) there is little seasonal die-back. Root
crowns store starch that fuels early takeover of the water column.
During the growing season this plant undergoes auto-fragmentation,
with fragments often developing roots before separation from the
parent plant. Sloughing of plant parts is common after
flowering.
[0006] While the present invention will be primarily described with
respect to Eurasian Watermilfoil (Milfoil) it will be understood by
those skilled in the art, that the invention also has applications
to other invasive weed species. Aquatic invasive weeds are
nonindigenous species that threaten the diversity or abundance of
native species, the ecological stability of infested waters, and/or
any commercial, agricultural, aquacultural, or recreational
activities dependent on such waters. (As defined by the
Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990).
Aquatic invasive weeds are introduced plants that have adapted to
living in, on, or next to water, and that can grow either submerged
or partially submerged in water. There are hundreds of aquatic
invasive weeds that have infested U.S. waters such as the European
Water Chestnut (scientific name Trapa natans, or T. natans) which
is another invasive aquatic plant released inadvertently into
waters of the Northeast in the late 1800s, that is slowly but
inexorably spreading throughout the Northeast where it is in
clogging waterways, lakes and ponds and altering aquatic
habitats.
[0007] Aquatic invasive weeds, such as Eurasian Watermilfoil, have
been introduced into lakes and other waterways by aquariums,
remnants on boats, boat trailers and by other accidental means.
They are fast growing and can easily spread rapidly and engulf an
entire area. Early attempts to remove this invasive weed were by
mechanical means (i.e. cutting). This proved to be unacceptable
because they can easily multiply by stem fragmentation and root
runners can simply grow into new infestations, exponentially
complicating the problem. It has proven to be difficult to collect
all the fragmented pieces and prevent/control new infestations.
Listed below is a non inclusive list of aquatic invasive weeds.
TABLE-US-00001 Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)
Brazilian Waterweed (Egeria densa) Caulerpa Mediterranean Clone
(Caulerpa taxifolia) Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Curly
Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata)
Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) Giant Reed (Arundo
donax) Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta) Hydrilla (Hydrilla
verticillata) Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) Purple
Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Water Chestnut (Trapa natans) Water
Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)
Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
[0008] This is not a list of all invasive aquatic weeds, nor does
it have any regulatory implications. The list is provided as an
informational tool and for patent purposes to indicate the
different varieties of aquatic invasive weeds that this array can
treat. Extensive laboratory and field testing has been completed
with Milfoil, Curly pondweed and Coontail weed varieties.
[0009] Numerous sources describe the importance of keeping aquatic
invasive species out of lakes. However, there is little information
on how to exterminate the problem without the use of herbicides or
mechanical means. Extreme infestations have even less options.
Below is a summary of the current control methods used by entities
with aquatic invasive weeds problems:
[0010] 1. Public awareness
[0011] 2. Manage boats and trailers that may spread aquatic weeds
from other bodies of water.
[0012] 3. Mechanized cutting and pulling weeds
[0013] 4. Manually cutting and pulling weeds
[0014] 5. Commit to an intensive monitoring program
[0015] 6. Covering with mats for long periods of time
[0016] 7. Herbicides (not commonly allowed in most water bodies
without special permissions and a rigorous permit process)
[0017] Frequently aquatic invasive weeds, specifically milfoil
infestations occur in the shallow areas near docks and piers. These
areas usually have warmer still water with more nutrient rich water
that encourages weed growth. The water depth in these areas
typically ranges from 8 to 15 feet.
[0018] Milfoil, is a herbaceous aquatic plant that is becoming more
well known. The stems grow to the water surface and can form dense
mats on the water surface. The primary means of spreading is from
small rhizomes and fragmented stems. These small fragments can
easily break off the delicate plants. When these fragments sink to
the sediment layer they re-root and grow. This is the primary way
the weeds spread and cause infestations.
PRIOR ART
[0019] These include manual pulling, mechanical cutters, chemicals
and herbicides and placing mats over the problem area covering the
ground surface for long periods of time. Milfoil is delicate and
easily breaks off in small fragments. Any method that did not
capture all the small fragments that break off from the plant
causes more growth from its fragments leading to larger
infestations.
[0020] The prior art includes terrestrial weed control efforts such
as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,872,136 to Jonathan A. Jackson
et al issued Oct. 28, 2014 which discloses the use of UV-A and UV-B
illumination of weeds. That document expressly rejects the use of
UV-C light on the basis that it is extremely dangerous for humans.
More particularly, the Jackson patent refers to U.S. Pat. No.
5,929,455 issued to Kaj Jensen that " . . . uses an extremely high
energy, dangerous process, specifically using UV-B and UV-C which
have very high and special, qualitatively different, lethality."
The Jackson patent points out that discoveries were made after the
bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, regarding the effects on plant
life from electromagnetic radiation.
[0021] The Jensen patent emphasizes the importance of heating the
plant tissue to more rapidly impact the plant as well as the
expense of producing large quantities of UV-C light. Inherently the
control of vegetation in an aquatic environment is more difficult
because of the difficulty of transmission through water and
sediment. Furthermore, heating vegetation immersed in sizeable
bodies of water constituting a very large heat sink is
unrealistic.
Problems with Prior Art
[0022] Prior art methods to control Milfoil are costly and
ineffective in addition to being labor intensive and having
inherent high pollution risks. The use of any chemicals or
herbicides pollutes the water and can cause long term and indirect
problems that can lead to health and safety concerns of other
aquatic life and water quality concerns. Some prior art methods can
actually spread the milfoil infestation by breaking off thousands
of small fragments that can mature into new infestations; create
personnel safety problems when using divers to place, move and
remove mats placed over treatment areas. Eurasian watermilfoil can
be removed by mechanical harvesters. However, native vegetation
tends to be removed by this method simultaneously, eliminating
beneficial competitors.
[0023] Herbicide use is more highly regulated in aquatic systems
than in terrestrial systems, because of the inherent dilution
effects in an aquatic environment making it more difficult to use.
Furthermore, current marketed herbicides hold restrictions on
treated water human contact and water consumption. It is unknown at
this time if residual herbicides can be removed from water
treatment facilities that use these infested water bodies as their
water source. All water treatment facilities are permitted to
remove typical contaminants/minerals from drinking water, not
necessarily herbicides. Removal would depend on the type of
treatment system they currently operate and if their current
permitted system is even designed to remove herbicides. Two
herbicides effective on Eurasian watermilfoil are not legal for use
in aquatic systems in California. Since these herbicides are
non-selective, the potential disruption to and contamination of
aquatic ecosystems is deemed more problematic than the damage
caused by watermilfoil infestation. Herbicide approaches are also
constrained because plants quickly develop resistance to herbicides
and this can lead to a new herbicide resistance breeds of aquatic
plants that can spread to other areas and other lakes causing
untold economic damage to water related economic activity including
commercial, agricultural, aquacultural, or recreational activities
dependent on such waters.
[0024] From the above, it is therefore seen that there exists a
need in the art to overcome the deficiencies and limitations
described herein and above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0025] The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and
additional advantages are provided through apparatus for control of
vegetation having at least a part thereof within a body of water
such as a lake, pond, or river which includes a generally planar
surface and a plurality of UV-C light sources capable of producing
UV-C light at substantially a wave length of 254 nm, the sources
being disposed on the generally planar surface.
[0026] The generally planar surface may be rigid and substantially
inflexible, however, other embodiments may be a mat that is
flexible enough to conform to some terrain irregularity. The UV-C
light sources may be elongated and tubular and may have an axis and
each the axis may be disposed in substantially perpendicular
relationship to the generally planar surface. The apparatus may
include a generally planar surface further including first and
second planar members depending in perpendicular relationship to
the generally planar surface.
[0027] The first and second planar members may each be depending in
perpendicular relationship to the generally planar surface and the
first planar member may be disposed in oblique relationship to the
second planar member. Accordingly, the first and second planar
members may define sequential spaces therebetween with respect to
vegetation passing beneath the generally planar surface that are
sequentially a mouth region followed by a smaller throat region
whereby vegetation beneath the generally planar surface, when the
generally planar surface is laterally moved, passes from a larger
mouth region to a smaller throat region and the vegetation is
thereby compacted to facilitate irradiation by ultraviolet light
from the UV-C light sources.
[0028] In some embodiments the apparatus may include UV-C light
sources that are LED devices. Other embodiments may further include
attachment surfaces for cooperation with an associated hoist to
facilitate lifting of the generally planar surface, followed by
lateral movement and depositing the generally planar surface in a
different part of a virtual grid defined on a surface to be
treated.
[0029] The apparatus may include the plurality of UV-C light
sources being arranged in a grid. The apparatus may further include
a deflector disposed on at least one side of the generally planar
surface to deflect and compact vegetation upon lateral motion of
the generally planar surface. The deflector may have a generally
arcuate cross section. Other embodiments may include at least one
support pad carried by a guide post depending from the generally
planar surface. The apparatus may further include a light shield
extending along peripheral parts of the generally planar surface to
avoid escape of UV light.
[0030] Other embodiments may include a deflector disposed on at
least one side of the generally planar surface to deflect and
compact vegetation upon lateral motion of the generally planar
surface. The deflector may have a generally arcuate shape. Other
embodiments may include first and second support pads carried by
respective first and second guide posts depending from sides of the
general planar surface. The apparatus may further including
ultrasonic cleaning devices to dislodge sediment from the
vegetation to be controlled. The apparatus may further include fish
deterrents such as strobe lights and/or noise makers in the
vicinity of the generally planar member.
[0031] Other embodiments may further include a video camera to
facilitate guiding the generally planar member with respect to
vegetation below the generally planar member.
[0032] Some embodiments of the apparatus may further include at one
flotation bladder or first and second spaced flotation bladders
cooperating with the generally planar member.
[0033] Other embodiments may include a generally planar surface
that is flexible enough to bend and generally conform to the ground
surface below the water in the body of water. The apparatus may
have the generally planar surface manufactured of rubber.
[0034] The present invention also includes the method for control
of vegetation growing with at least a part thereof within a body of
water such as a lake, pond, or river which includes providing a
generally planar surface, providing a plurality of UV-C light
sources capable of producing UV-C light at substantially a wave
length of 254 nm, positioning the sources on the generally planar
surface, and positioning the generally planar member with the UV-C
light sources 12 inches of vegetation to be controlled, and
exposing the vegetation to be controlled to the UV-C light sources
for a finite period of time. Often the period time is at least five
minutes. With close proximity to the plant (within, for example, 2
inches), between the light source and plant, the exposure time may
be less than 1 minute and in more practical applications where the
distance is 4 to 6 inches an exposure time may be 5 minutes or
more. The exposure time also depends on other factors such as water
quality or clarity, type and age of the aquatic plant, sediment on
surface of plant and UV light lens and other factors. The use of 5
minutes in this application is meant as a guide and exposure times
longer or shorter may be necessary depending on the density of
vegetation to be controlled. In our laboratory testing exposing the
vegetation to be controlled to the UV-C light sources for a finite
period of time of at least five minutes worked well as a duration,
regardless of plant density--it produced significant visible
results. The exposure proximity and duration is dependent on plant
density, water quality/clarity, type and age of aquatic plant,
sediment on surface of plant. As UV-C light design and efficiency
improves, the treatment time duration may decrease with improved
higher intensity light fixtures.
[0035] The method may include the step of providing a plurality of
UV-C light sources including providing UV-C light sources that are
elongated and tubular. Other embodiments include a step of
providing a plurality of UV-C light sources including providing
UV-C light sources that have an axis and disposing each axis in
substantially perpendicular relationship to the generally planar
surface.
[0036] The step of providing a generally planar surface may include
providing a generally planar surface that includes first and second
planar members depending in perpendicular relationship to the
generally planar surface and or apparatus as described in claim 50
the step of providing a generally planar surface includes providing
first and second planar members each depending in perpendicular
relationship to the generally planar surface. The method may
include the step of providing a generally planar surface that
includes providing first and second planar members that each depend
in perpendicular relationship to the generally planar surface
further may include providing the first planar member in oblique
relationship to the second planar member.
[0037] The method may include sequential spaces between the first
and second planar members with respect to vegetation passing
beneath the generally planar surface that are sequentially a mouth
region followed by a smaller throat region whereby vegetation
beneath the generally planar surface, when the generally planar
surface is laterally moved, passes from a larger mouth region to a
smaller throat region and the vegetation is thereby compacted to
facilitate irradiation by ultraviolet light from the UV-C light
sources.
[0038] Some embodiments of the method may include the step of
providing a generally planar surface includes providing a surface
that is substantially rigid and inflexible. Other embodiments
include the step of providing a generally planar surface includes
providing a surface that is a mat. The method may include the step
of providing a plurality of UV-C light sources includes providing
UV-C light sources are LED devices. The method may include the step
of providing attachment surfaces for cooperation with an associated
hoist to facilitate lifting of the generally planar surface,
followed by lateral movement and depositing the generally planar
surface in a different part of a virtual grid defined on a surface
to be treated.
[0039] The method may include the step of providing a plurality of
UV-C light sources that are arranged in a grid. Other embodiments
may include providing a deflector disposed on at least one side of
the generally planar surface to deflect and compact vegetation upon
lateral motion of the generally planar surface. Some embodiments
may further providing at least one support pad carried by a guide
post depending from the generally planar surface as well as a light
shield extending along peripheral parts of the generally planar
surface to avoid escape of UV light. The method may include the
step of positioning the generally planar member that further
includes sequential movement the generally planar in a helical
path. Still other embodiments include the step of positioning the
generally planar member further include sequential movement into
sequential positions the generally planar member within an area to
be treated.
[0040] The method may include the step of positioning the generally
planar member that also includes sequential movement into unique
positions within a grid in an area to be treated. Other embodiments
may include wherein the step of positioning the generally planar
member further includes sequential movement into sequential
positions and each movement involves elevating the substantially
planar member above the surface of the body of water, laterally
moving the substantially planar member, and lowering the
substantially planar member below the surface of the body of water.
The method may include the step of positioning the generally planar
member further includes slowly moving the substantially planar
member in substantially continuous movement. This may be achieved
by towing the generally planar member over an area to be
treated.
[0041] The method may include dislodging sediment from the
vegetation prior to UV-C treatment using techniques selected from
the group consisting of sonic pulses, liquid pulses, solid matter
impingement, and gaseous impingement.
[0042] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to
substantially diminish the impact of aquatic invasive weeds.
[0043] It is another object of the present invention to diminish
the impact of aquatic invasive weeds in a manner that minimizes
creation of plant fragments as well as treating any plant
fragments.
[0044] It is yet another object of the present invention to avoid
procedures that would in any way compromise environmental
quality.
[0045] Additional features and advantages are realized through the
techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects
of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered
a part of the claimed invention.
[0046] The recitation herein of desirable objects which are met by
various embodiments of the present invention is not meant to imply
or suggest that any or all of these objects are present as
essential features, either individually or collectively, in the
most general embodiment of the present invention or in any of its
more specific embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0047] The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of
the invention will be apparent from the following more particular
description of illustrative embodiments of the invention, as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference
characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views.
The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being
placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. Those
skilled in the art will understand that the devices and methods
specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments. The features
illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary
embodiment can be combined with the features of other embodiments.
Such modifications and variations are intended to be included
within the scope of the present invention.
[0048] The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is
particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding
portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to
organization and method of practice, together with the further
objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference
to the following description taken in connection with the
accompanying drawings in which:
[0049] FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention in use, treating
milfoil plants at a marina boat slip. The support power and
equipment is shown on a dock and the housing contains bladders to
control buoyancy.
[0050] FIG. 2 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention in a drop box
housing being operated from a boat.
[0051] FIG. 3 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention with a flexible
enclosure and a pump to capture plant fragments in a net.
[0052] FIG. 4 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention with curved
deflector blades that act to concentrate the milfoil plants for
more efficient treatment.
[0053] FIG. 5 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention with curved
deflector blades that act to concentrate the milfoil plants. It may
be attached or trails a mechanical harvester and/or mower to treat
the cut milfoil plants and fragments.
[0054] FIG. 6 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention with a flexible
mat supported with bladders to control buoyancy. It is shown
supported from a boat.
[0055] FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic elevation view of the
apparatus in accordance with one form of the present invention
employing a UV-C light fixture treating milfoil. It shows sediment
being cleaned off the plant surface.
[0056] FIG. 8 is a schematic elevation view of a small hand held
apparatus in accordance with one form of the present invention that
can spot treat a weed with UV-C light. A nearby "desirable" plant
is unaffected.
[0057] FIG. 9 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus shown
treating floating aquatic plants on the surface of the water.
Pontoons hold the apparatus housing at the desired height. The UVC
light fixtures may be arranged to treat above and/or below the
plants.
[0058] FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention being remotely
controlled from an anchored boat and towed to treat a large area in
a spiral pattern. A winch shaft reduces the treatment diameter with
each circular path for complete coverage.
[0059] FIG. 11 is a schematic elevation view of a continuous moving
apparatus in accordance with one form of the present invention with
curved deflector blades that act to concentrate the milfoil plants,
resulting in more efficient treatment.
[0060] FIG. 12 is a schematic isometric view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention with curved
deflector blades that act to concentrate the milfoil plants.
[0061] FIG. 13 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention wrapped around a
pier to treat milfoil. This version shows the use of LED UV-C light
fixtures.
[0062] FIG. 14 is a schematic isometric view of the pier wrapping
apparatus in accordance with one form of the present invention.
This version shows the use of LED UV-C light fixtures.
[0063] FIG. 15 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention with pulsating
pumped water jets used to clean the surface sediment and debris
from the milfoil plants. It includes aspirated ambient air through
a venturi. The small agitated air bubbles help clean the plant
surfaces.
[0064] FIG. 16 is a schematic elevation view of the apparatus in
accordance with one form of the present invention with ultrasonic
units that help dislodge and clean the sediment and debris from the
plant surfaces.
[0065] FIG. 17 is a schematic elevation view of a towed drag mat
apparatus in accordance with one form of the present invention with
deflecting concentrator blades. The concentrator deflects the tall
milfoil to a fraction of its height and concentrates the milfoil
for close and efficient treatment in close proximity to the UV-C
light waves.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0066] The UV-C apparatus in accordance with the present invention
allows for elimination of harmful herbicide use, does not
contaminate the air or water, safe to use, reduces fuel use and
energy costs, prevents the operator from exposure to harmful
chemicals, has no adverse environmental effects, leaves no residual
chemicals, ease of use, effectiveness and saves time and money. The
apparatus is scalable from small to large. It can allow for using a
hand held spot treatment apparatus of individual plants to a large
towed apparatus that over a reasonable period of time can treat an
infestation covering multiple acres.
[0067] A unique characteristic of UV light is that a specific range
of its wavelengths, those between 200 and 280 nm (nanometers,
billionths of a meter) are categorized as germicidal--meaning they
are capable of inactivating microorganisms, such as bacteria,
viruses and protozoa. This capability has allowed widespread
adoption of UV light as an environmentally friendly, chemical-free,
and highly effective way to disinfect and safeguard water against
harmful microorganisms. More particularly, the use of UV-C light at
a specific range between 200 nm to 280 nm, is generally used for
disinfecting water. Test results substantiate the validity of the
present invention for control of Eurasian Water Milfoil at 254 nm.
When Milfoil is exposed to UV-C at 254 nm for a short period, as
little as five minutes, and within one foot from the light, the
plant cells are damaged, the plant withers and within a few days
perishes. Thus, the method and apparatus in accordance with the
present invention provides an effective weed control without
chemicals or the need for manual removal.
[0068] This invention includes a number of methods of accomplishing
the necessary concentrating of the plants to be treated with close
proximity of plant surfaces to the UV-C light and in some cases the
deforming of plants to expose the more sensitive and delicate areas
including the stem and the crown to the light rays.
[0069] Variations include using pumps to cause the plants to bend
over or take multiple positions for maximum exposure of all the
plant surfaces to the apparatus UV-C light rays.
[0070] This apparatus is scalable. The goal is to have maximum
exposure of plants to the UV-C rays and control with minimal cost.
UV-C lamps can easily be added or removed to optimize control and
lessen operating costs. The entire apparatus can treat by exposing
milfoil in close proximity to the UV-C light rays. When these weeds
are disturbed thousands of plant fragments per acre can easily be
dispersed. The UV-C light wave rays are effective in damaging the
entire exposed plant fragment DNA and plant cells, causing them to
die without reproducing.
[0071] Many of the aquatic plants are very delicate and small
pieces or fragments break off easily. This has been a major problem
with mechanical mowers because they leave broken segments that will
re-root and start new plants. In certain variations of the
invention provisions are made to capture the plant fragments in a
net for more exposure and future removal.
[0072] Where severe and dense infestations occur and mechanical
mowers and harvesters are used to cut and remove the established
aquatic plants the UV-C apparatus can be adapted as an add-on that
treats the lower plants and the plant fragments. By removing the
bulk of the cut plants from the water it prevents their
decomposition and polluting of the water. The UV-C apparatus can
then efficiently treat the remaining plant stems all the way to the
lake bottom surface where the mechanical mower and harvester cannot
reach.
[0073] General Information on UV-C Lights
[0074] UV-C wavelength range: The most lethal range of wavelengths
for microorganisms is in the UV-C spectrum of 200 to 280 nanometers
(nm). This range, with 264 nm being the peak germicidal wavelength,
is known in the industry as the Germicidal Spectrum.
[0075] UV-C use on microorganisms: When microorganisms are exposed
to the high energy associated with UV short wavelength at 254 nm
the energy is absorbed by the cellular RNA and DNA. This energy
absorption forms new bonds between adjacent nucleotides, creating
dimers. The dimers formed in the DNA of bacteria and viruses
prevent replication.
[0076] UV-C light penetrates the cell walls of the microbe, causing
cellular or genetic damage. The affected microbe is neutralized or
becomes unable to reproduce. Intensity and exposure time will
determine how quickly a susceptible microbe is disabled by UV-C
light. Ultraviolet light possesses just the right amount of energy
to break organic molecular bonds. As micro-organisms pass by the UV
rays that radiate from the ultraviolet lamp, this bond breakage
translates into cellular or genetic damage for micro-organisms,
such as germs, viruses, bacteria, fungi (like molds) resulting in
the destruction of the micro-organisms.
[0077] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) has established safe exposure levels for each type of UV.
These safe exposure limits are set below the levels found to cause
eye irritation because the human eye is the body part most
sensitive to UV. For germicidal UV (253.7 nm) the irradiance limit
is set to 0.2 micro watts/square centimeter.
[0078] UV-C light ray energy is reduced as it passes through water.
Therefore, it is important that the plants being treated be in
close proximity to the light wave rays from the light fixture. Test
conducted show very effective destruction of plant tissue and its
DNA when the distance between the UV-C lamp outer lens surface and
the plant tissue is within a six inch distance. The effectiveness
significantly drops off beyond 12 inches.
[0079] UV-C light rays are much more effective in clear waters such
that can be found, for example, in Lake Tahoe which has a high
degree of clarity and higher transmittance. The water that can be
found in many lakes and ponds in warmer areas has much less clarity
and more suspended sediments with lower transmittance. UV-C light
rays are virtually blocked by even thin layers of sediment or dirt.
This may occur on both the plant surfaces and the UV-C lamp
surface. A dirty film on the outer quartz light lens can
significantly reduce the lamp efficiency.
[0080] The invasive weed species control apparatus 10 in accordance
with the present invention utilizes the method of controlling and
destroying aquatic plants 40 in accordance with the present
invention. This method includes the use of UV-C light 15 in the
lethal germicidal range of 254 nm. The UV-C lamp fixtures 12 with
element include protective crystal quartz 14 or a UV-C transparent
polymer lens 14 over the lamp element. The lamps 12 are arranged in
a grid pattern that may be 8'' to 12'' between the arrays of lamps
(12) so the plants 40 being treated are within 4'' to 6'' of the
lens 14 surfaces. This provides for a lethal dose of UV-C light 15
that penetrates the plant 40 cell wall, injures the plant tissue
and disrupts their Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). This completely
destroys the plant 40 and impairs its ability to reproduce. The
higher the energy intensity, the greater the kill rate.
[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention the UV-C source
may, for example, be a Philips fluorescent lamp bulb 30 watt, 36'',
T8--Medium Bi-Pin (G13) Base, Hot Cathode also used as a germicidal
Sterilamp. Other embodiments may utilize an Ushio 3000339
Germicidal lamp. Such lamps are low-pressure mercury-arc lamps that
emit radiation peaking at 253.7 nm (UV-C). This output at 253.7 nm
is highly effective to inactivate microorganisms such as bacteria,
viruses, yeast, and mold. Ordinarily, such UV-C bulbs encased in a
crystal quartz tube to make it water proof. Embodiments include
underwater seals to handle the water pressure surrounding the
submerged bulbs. These seals are in some cases filled with beads to
keep them from collapsing. The present apparatus positions multiple
UV-C lamps 12 close to the plants 40 being controlled. UV-C light
15 are partially absorbed as they pass through water 47, therefore,
the light 15 should be in close proximity to the plant 40 tissue.
The clearer the water 47 the more effective the UV-C light 15 will
act on plants 40.
[0082] The present invention includes a means for cleaning the
sediment 36, debris 36 and loose dead plant cells from the surface
of the aquatic plants. UV-C light 15 is absorbed or blocked by
sediment 36 and debris on the plant 40 surfaces. In some
embodiments the method of cleaning includes pumped water jet
streams 38, mechanical shaking, vibrating 37, pulsating, compressed
air injection 39 or ultrasonic cleaning 37. The protocol may
include sequentially positioning the apparatus 10 over the plant 40
area to be treated; activating the shaker or cleaning mechanism 37,
38, 39 to dislodge the disruptive dust or sediment 36; allowing the
sediment 36 to fall and settle, and activating the UV-C lamps 12
for a predetermined period of time.
[0083] Embodiments of the present invention combine UV-C light
intensity, short-wavelength frequency, plant cleaning time, UV-C
light exposure time, deflection or concentration of plants in the
treatment area, and distance between lamp and plant tissue to
effectively treat and control the aquatic plants 40.
[0084] This apparatus 10 may be used alone or in conjunction with
prior art technology to effectively treat aquatic plants 40. For
severe milfoil or other aquatic weeds 40 infestations, that may be
dense and matted, it may be necessary to mechanically harvest or
mow the plants first, then collect the plants 40 and fragments 41
prior to treating with the apparatus 10. For example, the apparatus
10 may be attached to a mechanical mower/harvester 55 that has a
screened fragment capture net 54. The apparatus will be fixed to
the trailing end of the mower so the apparatus only needs to treat
the remaining mowed plants 40 and residual plant fragments 41.
[0085] This apparatus may include a plant concentrator 26 that
helps direct the long and flimsy milfoil 40 into a more
concentrated and compact area to increase the efficiency of
treatment. The apparatus 10 for peak treatment efficiency will be
used between late spring and early summer for new plant growth when
the milfoil 40 is just starting to grow and is young and tender.
Periodic treatments will help prevent infestations and becoming a
nuisance.
[0086] FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present
invention. It is a portable UV-C Treatment apparatus 10 for a boat
slip. Depending vertical guide posts 21 cooperate with respective
support pads 22 pads or runners that rest on the ground under the
water when the apparatus is in operation. Accordingly, the distance
between the light source and the weeds is controlled. The
individual slip may be 10 feet wide by 20 feet long. The boat slips
in marinas are generally lined up along a dock 50 where the boat
operator can walk and access the stored boat. Dock 50 areas are one
of the most common areas where milfoil 40 grows. The habitat
conditions for milfoil growth are ideal due to shallow water,
warmer water, and periodic disruption by boat propellers of the
usually still water conditions at the bottom 48 sediment below the
water. The milfoil can foul the underside of the boat, clog engines
and cover propellers. Not all slip areas are accessible to bulky
mowing and harvesting equipment 55, generally slip area clearing
are the responsibility of the marina management or boat slip
owner.
[0087] The sequence of deployment, use, function and operation of
the apparatus 10 for this boat slip will be as follows: The
apparatus 10 has a UV-C light housing 11 portion that is placed in
the water and a support control 31 portion that is on the dock 50.
These two portions are interconnected with electric power for
controls and other support equipment, wires, cables, tubing and
guidelines in an umbilical cord 25. The housing supports 11 portion
may have electric power or a generator 32, an air compressor 33 and
or vacuum 33 unit, controls 31, monitor 31, camera 27 control and
other fish deterrent equipment 28.
[0088] With a 5 feet by 5 feet housing 11 and 25 UV-C lamps spaced
in a grid pattern at 12 inches on center provides for through
treatment coverage within the housing area 11. Any plants 40 under
this treatment area will be within approximately 3 inches to 5
inches from the lens of the UV-C lamps 12. The UV-C lamps 12 may be
9 watts each for a total power consumption of 225 watts. If these
were "ON" for 2 hours the fuel cost for the electric generator will
be less than $1 cost to treat the entire boat slip. If higher
energy UV-C lamps were used at 35 watts each, the total wattage
will be 875 watts. In this case, the fuel cost to run the generator
may be less than $2. It becomes clear that the UV-C apparatus 10 is
a low cost milfoil 40 treatment method.
[0089] The operator will use the control panel 31 to lower the UV-C
light housing 11 into the boat slip 58 where it will float until
activated. Air bladders 24 on the housing 11 will be controlled to
inflate and deflate from the control station 31. When the bladders
24 are inflated the housing will float to the surface. When the
bladders 24 are deflated the housing 11 will submerge. The operator
may select a grid pattern over the milfoil 40 treatment areas
within the boat slip to treat the milfoil 40.
[0090] The housing 11 can then be lowered into proper position over
the milfoil 40. Assuming, for example that the milfoil plants 40
are 3 feet to 6 feet in length, the housing 11 will drop to a
position that may be 8 inches above the lake bottom 48. The milfoil
plants 40 will then be pushed down into a more concentrated area
between the lake bottom 48 and the UV-C light lamps 12. Housing
supports legs 21 with pads 22 will hold the housing 11 to the
desired height so the UV-C lights 12 are at the predetermined
operating height. Horizontal light protection grid bars 71 under
the UV-C lamps 12 will prevent damage to the lens 14 from any rocks
49 or objects that may be under the housing 11.
[0091] The housing 11 may be outfitted with ultrasonic 37 cleaning
equipment or other means of causing the sediment 36 and loose
debris to be dislodged from the plant 40 surfaces and settle to the
bottom. This cleaning means will only operate for a short period of
time and only when the UV-C lamps 12 are in the "OFF" position. In
addition, the housing 11 may be furnished with optional accessory
devices such as strobe lights 28 and noisemakers 28 to deter fish
as the housing 11 descends in the water 47. Video cameras 27 and
general lighting 29 within the housing 11 can help the operator in
guiding the housing 11 in position and for viewing the milfoil
plants 40.
[0092] The UV-C lights 12 will then be turned "ON" and remain "ON"
for a predetermined period of treatment time exposure that is, for
example, 5 to 15 minutes. Where the milfoil plants 40 are young and
small the time setting may be much shorter than when the plants 40
are long and dense. Some embodiments include a plant 40 disturbing
means such as a pump 65 that causes the plants to move in different
positions to increase the overall exposure of the plant 40 surfaces
to the UV-C light rays 15. A light shield 23 prevents UV-C light 15
from escaping outside the housing 11 because these light rays 15
can cause injury to eyes.
[0093] The entire treatment time in a typical protocol from
lowering the housing 11 and performing all treatment activities
will require approximately one half hour. For a boat slip measuring
10 feet by 20 feet and housing 11 that is 5 feet by 5 feet there
will be eight grid sections for treatment. At one half hour for
each grid section the entire boat slip will be treated in four
hours. This treatment may be conducted once in late spring and
again later during the summer. By providing periodic treatment the
milfoil 40 will never become an infestation and never cause
problems for the boat. Once the milfoil 40 was under control the
treatment may only be needed once per year.
[0094] After the selected grid segment has been treated the housing
11 will be raised and repositioned to another grid location to
repeat the operation. This will continue until the entire boat slip
was treated.
[0095] Referring to FIG. 2, this illustrates a boat 30 operated
drop housing 11 apparatus 10 drop that will be used in open water
applications such as lakes, canals and marinas. The housing 11 will
be lowered over the milfoil 40 treatment area and raised and
lowered until the infected area was fully treated.
[0096] Referring to FIG. 3, this variation of the invention shows a
flexible relaxed cover 61 and the deformed cover 62 during suction
by the pump 65. The milfoil plants are drawn in closer to the UV-C
lamps when the pump is "ON". This will cause plant fragments to
flow through a net 64 area where the fragments will be collected.
These plant fragments may then undergo additional treatment of the
net 64 contents before being dumped for disposal.
[0097] Referring to FIG. 4, this variation presents a towed housing
apparatus by a boat. Plant deflectors and concentrators 26 will
bend the long milfoil plants 40 to a fraction of their length. For
example if the plants 40 were 8 feet high they may be bent to 8
inches in height as the housing 11 is towed along. That is a
significant reduction in treated volume and concentrates the
milfoil 40 close the UV-C lamps 12.
[0098] Referring to FIG. 5, this variation will be practical for
heavily milfoil 40 infested and matted areas that will best be
treated first with prior art mechanical 55 methods to remove the
bulk of the milfoil plants 40. The towed housing 11 trails a
mechanical harvester 55 or mower 55 that may have a net to capture
plant fragments 41. The UV-C lamps 12 will then only treat the cut
milfoil plants 40 and escaping plant fragments 41 that were not
collected by the mechanical harvester 55.
[0099] Referring to FIG. 6, this variation illustrates a flexible
mat housing 74 with air floatation bladders 67 to control the
height of the flexible mat housing 74 relative to the surface of
the water. The mat may be heavy rubber that is outfitted with air
flotation bladders 67. The UV-C lights 12 in some embodiments are
LED devices that are very small and very durable. Accordingly, the
UV source can be placed in close proximity to the weed including
treating young milfoil 40 infestations. This variation may press
the milfoil plant 40 within a couple of inches from the lake
bottom. The flexible mat housing 74 may even be rolled up when the
air bladders 68 are deflated.
[0100] LED sources of UV-C utilized in embodiments of the present
invention include, for example, the UV265R50 product manufactured
by Bytech Electronics CO., Ltd.
[0101] Referring to FIG. 7, this presents an enlarged view of the
UV-C lamp 12 in close proximity to milfoil plants 40 and shows the
sediment being cleaned from the milfoil plant 40 and plant fragment
41 surfaces. UV-C light then penetrates the cleaned milfoil plants
40 and plant fragments 41 and causes them to die.
[0102] Referring to FIG. 9, this shows a variation of the UVC
apparatus 10 with application for surface growing aquatic plants
40. Pontoons 75 hold the housing 11 with control support equipment
31 above the water surface 46 and UVC light fixtures 12 above the
plants 40 and or UVC light fixtures 12 directed upward below the
plant 40 roots. Many species of aquatic plants 40 grow rapidly on
the water surface and can prevent boating, fishing, or other water
activities. Using a non-herbicide treatment method such as the UVC
apparatus 10 on a regular basis could keep the water clear and free
of the unwanted aquatic plants 40.
[0103] Referring to FIG. 10, for very large infestations, this
depicts a remote trolled operated UV-C apparatus 10 where the
housing 11 is being held by an umbilical cord 25 to the support
equipment 31 portion that is anchored 73 to the lake bottom 48. A
winch 34 on the support equipment 31 will take up a portion of the
umbilical cord 25 with each rotation. This causes the housing 11 to
travel in a helical path that facilitates treating a large circular
area automatically.
[0104] Referring to FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, this variation of the UV-C
apparatus 10 shows the housing 11 with deflectors and concentrators
26. As the housing 11 is towed along the long milfoil plants 40 are
deflected into a narrow band closer to the UV-C lights 12.
[0105] Referring to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, this variation of the UV-C
apparatus 10 shows a flexible housing 74 that can be wrapped around
a pier or dock pillar 51 to destroy any attached milfoil 40. The
dock pillars 51 are ideal habitats for milfoil plants 40 and these
occur where boats are docked. The flexible housing 11 that may be 4
feet in height may be mounted to the top of the pillar 51 and every
5 to 10 minutes simply lowered another 4 feet until the entire
pillar 51 was treated. The UV-C lamps 12 may be of LED type and
spaced very close together.
[0106] Referring to FIG. 15, this variation shows the apparatus 10
with a pulsating pumped water jet 38 sediment cleaning method.
Ambient air 78 is drawn through a Venturi 76 on the discharge side
of the pump 65 and aerated water is directed over the plants 40 to
be treated. The sediment 36 is removed from the plant 40 surfaces
by the pumped water cleaning method 38. Compressed air cleaning 39
can also be used to clean the plants 40 of sediment 36.
[0107] Referring to FIG. 16, this shows the apparatus 10 with a
vibrating or ultrasonic cleaning 37 method to remove sediment 36
from the plant 40 and plant fragment 41 surfaces.
[0108] Referring to FIG. 17, this shows the towed apparatus 10 with
a drag mat housing 11. The housing 11 may be a long flexible mat
that has a deflector and concentrator to deflect the milfoil plants
from their full height to less than 8 inches in height so they come
in close proximity to the UV-C lamps. If the milfoil plants were 8
feet high they may be deflected and concentrated to a height of
only 8 inches.
[0109] Referring to FIG. 18, this shows a variation of the UV-C
apparatus 10 with application for surface growing aquatic plants
40. Pontoons 75 hold the housing 11 with control support equipment
31 above the water surface 46 and UV-C light fixtures 12 above the
plants 40 and or UV-C light fixtures 12 directed upward below the
plant 40 roots. Many species of aquatic plants 40 grow rapidly on
the water surface and can prevent boating, fishing, or other water
activities. Using a non-herbicide treatment method such as the UV-C
apparatus 10 in accordance with the present invention on a regular
basis will keep the water clear and free of the unwanted aquatic
plants 40.
[0110] The UV-C apparatus and method of the present invention does
not impact lakes and/or other connected water bodies unlike the
impact when herbicides or other chemicals are utilized. In
addition, with the UV-C apparatus and method of the present
invention, the fear of residual small fragmented pieces of milfoil
resulting in the propagation of more weeds is virtually eliminated
since they are also exposed to the UV-C rays and these segments
will also be damaged and not regrow. The UV-C light wave rays are
effective in damaging all the exposed plant fragments, the DNA of
the plant fragments (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and plant cells,
causing them to die without reproducing. This is a significant
improvement over all prior methods because it provides a better
treatment capability. Undesirable plants may be treated with UV-C
light frequencies between 200 nm and 280 nm. The present invention
reduces the cost of labor, eliminates chemicals, eliminates heavy
metals and/or herbicide use, provides fast and effective control,
facilitates application by property owners, controls both large and
small Eurasian Watermilfoil infestations and facillitates immediate
set-up and use.
[0111] For aquatic plants, the key items include treating and
controlling unwanted aquatic plants with UV-C light rays having a
wave length of approximately of 254 nm; cleaning sediment off
surface of plants with ultrasonic transducers, vibration, pulsating
water jets, aspirated air in water jets, light rays within 12
inches of plant; compact plants in a concentrated area to keep
plant surfaces close to UV-C light rays.
[0112] The method and apparatus for treating aquatic weeds that
includes providing a series of UV-C lamps in a drop box type
housing that may be lowered and raised by cables from a boat or by
air bladders to control buoyancy so that it exposes the UV-C light
rays in close proximity to milfoil weeds in water; and where the
exposure time may be five minutes or longer; and where the distance
between the UV-C light source and the milfoil plant is 12'' or
less; and where the UV-C tube is any desired length that may be 2'
long or longer or shorter; and where the power supply may be 120
volts AC or DC power. This may be considered a batch operation as
it treats a portion of a grid of invasive milfoil the size of the
drop box housing each time it is moved. It may be practical when
the water is 8 to 15 feet in depth.
[0113] The method of treating aquatic weeds may utilize a housing
with an expanded inlet that may be 4 feet wide and tapers down to a
narrow pathway that may be 1 foot wide wherein the narrow portion
may be 20 feet long and furnished with a series of UV-C vertical
tubes 18 inch on center; whereas the inlet causes the milfoil to
deflect into a more concentrated path in order to keep the milfoil
at least 12 inch maximum from the UV-C light source in order to
damage the milfoil and eventually kill it. This apparatus may be
towed slowly by a boat through and infected milfoil area.
[0114] The method and apparatus for treating aquatic weeds may
include a large mat that may be 40 feet long by 8 feet wide and 1/4
inch thick of reconstituted rubber or plastic; wherein a series of
UV-C LED lights are inserted through and recessed in the mat;
wherein this mat will be dragged slowly over a milfoil infested
area; sensors or deflectors will keep the mat at approximately 6
inches above the bottom; and wherein the mat will be deflecting the
milfoil downward so the milfoil becomes concentrated and exposed
very closely to the UV-C-LED light rays. This allows for the
concentrated milfoil to be exposed to the maximum UV-C LED light
waves. This variation has certain advantages because it can be used
on lakes with rocky bottoms and irregular surfaces. UV-C LED lamp
fixtures are small in size, extremely durable, use little energy,
and have a very long life.
[0115] The method of and apparatus for treating aquatic weeds may
utilize a flexible dome canopy type enclosure that contains UV-C
lights, a pump, and filter, to help draw milfoil plants closer to
the UV-C lamps. The dome will be lowered a milfoil infestation and
treat the milfoil with UV-C rays.
[0116] The method and apparatus for treating aquatic plants and
plant fragments with UV-C lamps where the light rays damage the
plant cells and cause the plant and plant fragments to die. This
method causes no other environmental damage like herbicides that
contaminate the water and cause plants to build up resistance to
the herbicide chemicals.
[0117] The method and apparatus for treating aquatic plants
floating on the water surface functions by treating the top and or
underside of the floating plants with UV-C light rays. The UV-C
lamps may be supported in an open housing and frame supported by
pontoons so the UV-C light rays are at the desired distance for the
top of the plants and or the underside roots of the plant.
[0118] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this
specification are indicative of the level of skill of those skilled
in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and
patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the
same extent as if each individual publication or patent application
was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by
reference.
[0119] Although the description above contains many specifics,
these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the
invention, but as merely providing illustrations of some of the
presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Thus, the scope
of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and
their legal equivalents. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the
scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments
which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the
scope of the present invention is accordingly to be limited by the
appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular
is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless explicitly so
stated, but rather "one or more." All structural, chemical, and
functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described
preferred embodiment that are known to those of ordinary skill in
the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are
intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is
not necessary for a device or method to address each and every
problem sought to be solved by the present invention, for it to be
encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element,
component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to
be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element,
component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No
claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35
U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly
recited using the phrase "means for."
LISTING OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0120] 10. Short-Wavelength Ultraviolet (UV-C) Light array for
Aquatic Invasive Weed Species Control apparatus. [0121] 11. Housing
apparatus: This includes the UV-C lights and other submerged items.
[0122] 12. UV-C light lamp fixture: This is the complete UV-C lamp,
lens and base. [0123] 13. UV-C light base: This is the power supply
portion of the light fixture. [0124] 14. UV-C transparent cover.
This may be a clear protective quartz lens. [0125] 15. UV-C light
wave rays: These rays are in the UV-C range of 200 to 280 nm.
[0126] 16. Rubber seal. This is used to waterproof certain UV-C
fixtures. [0127] 17. Pressure beads or fill material within rubber
seal. [0128] 18. UV-C light electric power cable. [0129] 19.
Electrical box. [0130] 20. Reflective light deflector above UV-C
light--optional. [0131] 21. Guide posts to keep apparatus above
bottom. [0132] 22. Support pad. The expanded surface pads minimize
disturbance of bottom. [0133] 23. Light shield keeps stray UV-C
light rays from escaping housing. [0134] 24. Air bladders are used
to control housing buoyancy and height. [0135] 25. Umbilical cord,
electric wires, tubing, controls and air lines from housing. [0136]
26. Plant deflector or concentrator [0137] 27. Video camera. [0138]
28. Fish scare means with noise, strobe lights and or magnetic
field [0139] 29. General lighting for viewing--not UV [0140] 30.
Boat, barge or flotation unit [0141] 31. Control station with
monitor and switches [0142] 32. Electric power generator [0143] 33.
Air compressor/vacuum unit [0144] 34. Winch/lift equipment for
controlling housing position [0145] 35. Housing tow cables [0146]
36. Sediment or dirt or loose debris on plant surface and or
removed. [0147] 37. Cleaning means of sediment from
plants--vibration and or ultrasonic [0148] 38. Cleaning means of
sediment from plants--pulsating pumped water [0149] 39. Cleaning
means of sediment from plants--pulsating compressed air [0150] 40.
Aquatic plant. Milfoil and other weeds [0151] 41. Aquatic plant
fragment [0152] 43. Good plant [0153] 44. Stem of plant [0154] 45.
Crown of plant. Sensitive portion of plant just as it protrudes
from bottom. [0155] 46. Water top surface. [0156] 47. Water. [0157]
48. Bottom of lake, marina or waterway. [0158] 49. Rock, debris or
foreign object on bottom. [0159] 50. Dock or pier. [0160] 51.
Pillar [0161] 54. Net to capture plant fragments. [0162] 55.
Mechanical plant harvester or mower. [0163] 56. Handle. [0164] 57.
Trigger for activating UV-C light. [0165] 58. Boat Slip [0166] 59.
Ground surface [0167] 61. Relaxed cover [0168] 62. Cover during
suction [0169] 63. Water flow [0170] 65. Pump [0171] 67. Bladder
inflated [0172] 68. Bladder deflated [0173] 71. Wire mesh screen
for lens guard [0174] 72. Trolling unit [0175] 73. Anchor [0176]
74. Flexible housing--Roll up mat with LED UV-C lights. [0177] 75.
Pontoon [0178] 76. Venturi [0179] 77. Air Tubing [0180] 78. Ambient
Air
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