U.S. patent application number 15/137702 was filed with the patent office on 2017-04-06 for railway lubricant.
The applicant listed for this patent is LORAM MAINTENANCE OF WAY, INC., MIDWEST INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY, INC.. Invention is credited to CHERYL L. DETLOFF, VENNIE DYAVANAPALLI, CHRISTOPHER HIMES, ERIC VANTIEGHAM, ROBERT W. VITALE.
Application Number | 20170096618 15/137702 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58424347 |
Filed Date | 2017-04-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170096618 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
VITALE; ROBERT W. ; et
al. |
April 6, 2017 |
RAILWAY LUBRICANT
Abstract
A water-based solid lubricant includes water, glycerin,
isoalkane, molybdenum disulfide, talc powder, calcium sulfonate,
and polyisobutylene is described herein.
Inventors: |
VITALE; ROBERT W.; (CANTON,
OH) ; DETLOFF; CHERYL L.; (CANTON, OH) ;
VANTIEGHAM; ERIC; (UNIONTOWN, OH) ; HIMES;
CHRISTOPHER; (FOREST PARK, IL) ; DYAVANAPALLI;
VENNIE; (GLENDALE HEIGHTS, IL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MIDWEST INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY, INC.
LORAM MAINTENANCE OF WAY, INC. |
CANTON
HAMEL |
OH
MN |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
58424347 |
Appl. No.: |
15/137702 |
Filed: |
April 25, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62236421 |
Oct 2, 2015 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2201/102 20130101;
C10M 2205/022 20130101; C10M 2201/066 20130101; C10M 2203/022
20130101; C10M 2207/0225 20130101; C10N 2020/02 20130101; C10M
173/02 20130101; C10M 2205/024 20130101; C10M 2201/103 20130101;
C10M 2205/0265 20130101; C10M 2219/044 20130101; C10M 2207/1256
20130101; C10M 125/26 20130101; C10N 2040/00 20130101; C10M
2207/022 20130101; C10N 2050/10 20130101; C10M 129/08 20130101;
C10M 125/22 20130101; C10M 2209/12 20130101; C10M 2217/045
20130101; C10M 115/10 20130101; C10N 2010/02 20130101; C10M
2205/026 20130101; C10N 2010/12 20130101; C10M 105/04 20130101;
C10M 169/044 20130101; C10M 2213/062 20130101; C10N 2010/04
20130101; C10N 2030/02 20130101; C10M 2219/0445 20130101; C10M
2219/044 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M 2219/044 20130101;
C10N 2010/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 173/02 20060101
C10M173/02; C10M 129/08 20060101 C10M129/08; C10M 125/22 20060101
C10M125/22; C10M 125/26 20060101 C10M125/26; C10M 105/04 20060101
C10M105/04; C10M 115/10 20060101 C10M115/10 |
Claims
1. A water-based lubricant comprising: water; glycerin; synthetic
isoalkane, wherein the synthetic isoalkane is at least 75% by
weight C19 to C23 isoalkane, wherein the synthetic isoalkane has a
polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of .ltoreq.0.001 percent;
molybdenum disulfide; talc powder; calcium sulfonate; and
polyisobutylene, wherein the lubricant contains no lime and no
clay, wherein the lubricant has a viscosity of less than 5,000 cP
at 22.degree. C.
2. A lubricant comprising: water; a freezing point depressant; a
viscosity index modifier; and a synthetic fluid, wherein the
lubricant has a viscosity of less than 5,000 cP at 22.degree. C.,
wherein the lubricant contains no non-synthetic fluids, wherein the
synthetic fluid has a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of
.ltoreq.0.001 percent.
3. The lubricant of claim 2, wherein the lubricant further
comprises a friction modifier, wherein the lubricant contains no
lime.
4. The lubricant of claim 3, wherein the lubricant contains no
clay, wherein the lubricant further comprises a water-based
lubricant.
5. The lubricant of claim 4, wherein the lubricant further
comprises a suspension stabilizer.
6. The lubricant of claim 5, wherein the freezing point depressant
is a diol or triol.
7. The lubricant of claim 6, wherein the synthetic fluid is
isoalkane.
8. (canceled)
9. The lubricant of claim 7, wherein the viscosity index modifier
is polyisobutylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene,
polypropylene, polycarbohydrate, or polyuria, wherein the
suspension stabilizer is lithium complex base grease, aluminum
complex base grease, or calcium sulfonate.
10. The lubricant of claim 9, wherein the diol is a 1,2-diol or a
1,3-diol.
11. The lubricant of claim 9, wherein the diol is ethylene glycol,
diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or propylene glycol.
12. The lubricant of claim 7, wherein the isoalkane is a C17
isoalkane to a C30 isoalkane.
13. The lubricant of claim 7, wherein the water-based lubricant is
talc powder, graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, tungsten disulfide,
molybdenum disulfide, or hexagonal boron nitride, wherein the
viscosity index modifier is a polyisobutylene, polyethylene,
polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polycarbohydrate, or
polyuria, wherein the freezing point depressant is glycerin.
14. The lubricant of claim 5, wherein the water is about 15% to
about 35% by weight, wherein the freezing point depressant is about
20% to about 50% by weight, wherein synthetic fluid is about 15% to
about 35% by weight, wherein the friction modifier is about 0% to
about 10% by weight, wherein the solid lubricant is about 0% to
about 10% by weight, wherein the viscosity index modifier is about
0% to about 15% by weight, wherein the suspension stabilizer is
about 0% to about 7% by weight.
15. The lubricant of claim 5, wherein the lubricant contains no
surfactant or substantially no surfactant.
16. The lubricant of claim 4, wherein the lubricant contains no
surfactant or substantially no emulsifier.
17. The lubricant of claim 16, wherein the friction modifier, the
water-based lubricant, the liquid lubricant, and/or the viscosity
modifier are not water soluble.
18. A method for lubricant a top of rail with a water-based
lubricant, the method comprising the steps of: providing a
lubricant according to claim 2; and applying the lubricant to the
top of rail without premixing.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the lubricant further comprises
a friction modifier.
20. (canceled)
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No.
62/236,421, entitled Railway Lubricant, filed on Oct. 2, 2015, the
contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The present
teachings relate to a lubricant. Such lubricants can have
application, for example, as a railway lubricant.
BACKGROUND
Description of Related Art
[0002] WO 2014/107581 discloses a friction control composition
having high and positive frictional properties for sliding steel
surfaces that includes a water insoluble hydrocarbon that enables a
reduced water content, a rheological additive, a freezing point
depressant, a friction modifier, and a lubricant.
SUMMARY
[0003] The present teachings can provide a railway lubricant having
water, a freezing point depressant, and a synthetic fluid.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] Example arrangements are described hereinafter with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0005] FIG. 1 shows test result graphs.
DEFINITIONS
[0006] Clay--a fine-grained natural rock or soil material that
combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and
organic matter.
[0007] Clay Minerals--hydrous aluminum phyllosilicates, sometimes
with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline
earths, and other cations.
[0008] Friction Modifier--polar molecules added to lubricants for
the purpose of minimizing light surface contacts (sliding and
rolling) that may occur in a given machine design.
[0009] Lime--CaO or CaOH.
[0010] Not Water Soluble--the component has a solubility in water
of less than 10% (ten percent) by weight, less than 5% (five
percent) by weight, and even less than 1% (one percent) by
weight.
[0011] Synthetic Fluid--a substance, pure or in a mixture, that has
undergone at least one major chemical transformation (reaction) in
its manufacturing process. It is the product of an intended
chemical reaction and high temperatures and pressures. A simple
physical separation, purification, or transformation (e.g.
freezing, boiling, etc.) does not constitute a synthesis.
[0012] Viscosity Modifier--polymeric molecules that are sensitive
to temperature.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] A lubricant for top of rail is disclosed, wherein the
lubricant includes water as a base, a freezing point depressant,
and a liquid lubricant. Upon initial shear, the formulation is
homogenous. The liquid lubricant, in one example, is a synthetic
fluid, which is not water soluble. In one example, the freezing
point depressant is glycerin, although it is to be understood that
the freezing point depressant could be any diol or triol, such as
ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or
propylene glycol. In one example, the liquid lubricant is
isoalkane. The isoalkane can be a C14 to C30 isoalkane, and within
that range, can be an isoalkane greater than C16. In one example,
the isoalkane is greater than 75% by weight of C19 to C23
isoalkane. The longer chain length allows for a smoother and more
uniform lubricant.
[0014] Synthetic-based fluids are classified into four categories:
hydrocarbon, ethers, esters, and acetals. Synthetic hydrocarbons
include normal linear paraffins (LPs), linear alpha olefins (LEOs),
polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and internal olefins (IOs). Synthetic
based fluids do not disperse in water and do not increase
turbidity. A synthetic fluid has polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
content of .ltoreq.0.001 percent, are biodegradable, and pass the
Static Sheen Test. In this example, the synthetic fluid also acts
as a friction modifier. In one example, the lubricant does not
contain any non-synthetic fluids.
[0015] Friction modifiers and mild anti-wear agents are also called
boundary lubrication additives. Esters, natural and synthetic fatty
acids, as well as some solid materials such as graphite and
molybdenum disulfide are used for these purposes. These molecules
have a polar end (head) and an oil-soluble end (tail). Once placed
into service, the polar end of the molecule finds a metal surface
and attaches itself. As long as the frictional contact is light,
these molecules provide a cushioning effect when one of the coated
surfaces connects with another coated surface. If the contact is
heavy, then the molecules are brushed off, eliminating any
potential benefit of the additive.
[0016] In addition to the base, freezing point depressant, and
liquid lubricant/friction modifier, additional friction
modifiers/solid lubricants can be added to the composition. In one
example, the additional friction modifiers/solid lubricants can be
polar compounds, such as talc powder, graphite,
polytetrafluoroethylene, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide,
or hexagonal boron nitride. In one example, the additional friction
modifiers/solid lubricants are not water soluble.
[0017] In addition to the base, freezing point depressant, liquid
lubricant/friction modifier, friction modifier/solid lubricant, a
suspension stabilizer and/or a viscosity index modifier can be
added to the composition. In one example, the suspension stabilizer
can be calcium sulfonate, lithium base greases, and aluminum base
greases. The viscosity index modifier can be a medium or high
molecular weight polymer, such as polyisobutylene, polyethylene,
polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polycarbohydrate, or
polyuria. In one example, the suspension stabilizer and viscosity
index modifier are not water soluble. In one example, the lubricant
contains no lime, in another example, the lubricant contains no
clay, and in another example, the lubricant contains no lime or
clay.
[0018] With viscosity modifiers, at low temperatures, the molecule
chain contracts and does not impact the fluid viscosity. At high
temperatures, the chain relaxes and an increase in viscosity
occurs. When contracted, the molecules flow past one another
easily, but when extended, they get caught on one another and
impede the flow of the fluid they occupy. The addition of modifiers
will only slow down the rate at which the viscosity decreases.
[0019] In one example, the water is between about 15% and about 35%
by weight (including, but not limited to 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35),
the freezing point depressant is between about 20% and about 50% by
weight (including, but not limited to 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 50), the liquid lubricant is between
about 15% and about 35% by weight (including, but not limited to
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, and 35), the friction modifiers/dry lubricants are
between about 0% and about 20% by weight (including, but not
limited to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, and 20), and the suspension stabilizer is between
about 2% and 7% by weight (including, but not limited to 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, and 7), and the viscosity index modifier is between about
2.5% and about 10% by weight (including, but not limited to 2.5,
3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0,
9.5, and 10.0). As with other examples, the railway lubricant can
be devoid of surfactants and/or emulsifiers. As with other
examples, the liquid lubricant, the friction modifiers, the
suspension stabilizer, and/or the viscosity modifier can be
non-water soluble. As with other examples, the railway lubricant
can be devoid of any water soluble components, except for the
freezing point depressant. As with other examples, the lubricant
can be applied with no mixing. When referencing no mixing prior to
application, what is meant is that the lubricant's viscosity is
such that no prior mixing is required to reduce the viscosity in
order to facilitate uniform application onto the rail surface.
[0020] In one example, the water is between about 15% and about 35%
by weight (including, but not limited to 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35),
glycerin between about 20% and about 50% by weight (including, but
not limited to 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
and 50), the isoalkane is between about 15% and about 35% by weight
(including, but not limited to 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35), molybdenum
disulfide is between about 0% and about 10% by weight (including,
but not limited to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10), talc
powder is between about 0% and about 10% by weight (including, but
not limited to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10),and the
calcium sulfonate is between about 2% and 7% by weight (including,
but not limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7), and polyisobutylene is
between about 2.5% and about 10% by weight (including, but not
limited to 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5,
8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, and 10.0). As with other examples, the railway
lubricant can be devoid of surfactants and/or emulsifiers. As with
other examples, the liquid lubricant, the friction modifiers, the
suspension stabilizer, and/or the viscosity modifier can be
non-water soluble. As with other examples, the railway lubricant
can be devoid of any water soluble components, except for the
freezing point depressant. As with other examples, the lubricant
can be applied with no mixing.
EXAMPLE 1
[0021] In one example, the water is 22% by weight, the glycerin is
42% by weight, the isoalkane is 23% by weight, the molybdenum
disulfide is 3% by weight, the talc powder is 8% by weight, and the
calcium sulfonate is 2% by weight. As with other examples, the
railway lubricant can be devoid of surfactants and/or emulsifiers.
As with other examples, the liquid lubricant, the friction
modifiers, the suspension stabilizer, and/or the viscosity modifier
can be non-water soluble. As with other examples, the railway
lubricant can be devoid of any water soluble components, except for
the freezing point depressant. As with other examples, the
lubricant can be applied with no mixing. In this example, at
-5.5.degree. C., the lubricant has a viscosity of 3,400 cP or less.
At 0.1.degree. C., the lubricant has a viscosity of 2,300 cP or
less.
EXAMPLE 2
[0022] In one example, the water is 24% by weight, the glycerin is
38% by weight, the isoalkane is 24% by weight, the molybdenum
disulfide is 3% by weight, the talc powder is 8% by weight, and the
calcium sulfonate is 3% by weight. As with other examples, the
railway lubricant can be devoid of surfactants and/or emulsifiers.
As with other examples, the liquid lubricant, the friction
modifiers, the suspension stabilizer, and/or the viscosity modifier
can be non-water soluble. As with other examples, the railway
lubricant can be devoid of any water soluble components, except for
the freezing point depressant. As with other examples, the
lubricant can be applied with no mixing. In this example, at
-5.3.degree. C. (at 50 RPM or faster), the lubricant has a
viscosity of 4,360 cP or less. At 0.7.degree. C. (at 50 RPM or
faster), the lubricant has a viscosity of 3,800 cP or less.
EXAMPLE 3
[0023] In one example, the water is 21% by weight, the glycerin is
38% by weight, the isoalkane is 20.3% by weight, the molybdenum
disulfide is 3% by weight, the talc powder is 6% by weight, the
calcium sulfonate is 1.9% by weight, and 10% by weight
polyisobutylene. As with other examples, the railway lubricant can
be devoid of surfactants and/or emulsifiers. As with other
examples, the liquid lubricant, the friction modifiers, the
suspension stabilizer, and/or the viscosity modifier can be
non-water soluble. As with other examples, the railway lubricant
can be devoid of any water soluble components, except for the
freezing point depressant. As with other examples, the lubricant
can be applied with no mixing.
EXAMPLE 4
[0024] In one example, the water is 22% by weight, the glycerin is
38% by weight, the isoalkane is 25% by weight, the molybdenum
disulfide is 3% by weight, the talc powder is 5% by weight, the
calcium sulfonate is 2% by weight, and 5% by weight
polyisobutylene. As with other examples, the railway lubricant can
be devoid of surfactants and/or emulsifiers. As with other
examples, the liquid lubricant, the friction modifiers, the
suspension stabilizer, and/or the viscosity modifier can be
non-water soluble. As with other examples, the railway lubricant
can be devoid of any water soluble components, except for the
freezing point depressant. As with other examples, the lubricant
can be applied with no mixing.
EXAMPLE 5
[0025] In one example, the water is 24.5% by weight, the glycerin
is 38% by weight, the isoalkane is 25% by weight, the molybdenum
disulfide is 3% by weight, the talc powder is 5% by weight, the
calcium sulfonate is 2% by weight, and 2.5% by weight
polyisobutylene. As with other examples, the railway lubricant can
be devoid of surfactants and/or emulsifiers. As with other
examples, the liquid lubricant, the friction modifiers, the
suspension stabilizer, and/or the viscosity modifier can be
non-water soluble. As with other examples, the railway lubricant
can be devoid of any water soluble components, except for the
freezing point depressant. As with other examples, the lubricant
can be applied with no mixing.
[0026] FIG. 1 show graphs of test results measuring force over
time, which for a top of rail lubricant translates into potential
energy savings by reducing friction loss on a track. These graphs
show the relative consistency and repeatability of the testing on
similar formulations.
[0027] Clause 1--A water-based solid lubricant including water;
glycerin; isoalkane; molybdenum disulfide; talc powder; calcium
sulfonate; and polyisobutylene, wherein the lubricant contains no
non-synthetic fluids, wherein the lubricant has a viscosity of less
than 5,000 cP.
[0028] Clause 2--A lubricant including water; a freezing point
depressant; and, a synthetic fluid, wherein the lubricant contains
no non-synthetic fluids and no lime, wherein the lubricant has a
viscosity of less than 5,000 cP.
[0029] Clause 3--The lubricant of clause 2, wherein the lubricant
further comprises a friction modifier, wherein the lubricant
contains no clay, wherein the lubricant has a viscosity less than
3,400 cP.
[0030] Clause 4--The lubricant of clause 2 or 3, wherein the
lubricant further comprises a solid lubricant, wherein the
isoalkane is at least 75% by weight C19 to C23 isoalkane.
[0031] Clause 5--The lubricant of clauses 2-4, wherein the
lubricant further comprises a viscosity index modifier.
[0032] Clause 6--The lubricant of clauses 2-5, wherein the
lubricant further comprises a suspension stabilizer.
[0033] Clause 7--The lubricant of clauses 2-6, wherein the freezing
point depressant is a diol or triol.
[0034] Clause 8--The lubricant of clauses 2-7, wherein the
synthetic fluid is isoalkane.
[0035] Clause 9--The lubricant of clauses 3-8, wherein the friction
modifier is a polar compound.
[0036] Clause 10--The lubricant of clauses 4-9, wherein the solid
lubricant is a polar compound.
[0037] Clause 11--The lubricant of clauses 5-9, wherein the
viscosity index modifier is a medium or high molecular weight
polymer.
[0038] Clause 12--The lubricant of clauses 6-11, wherein the
suspension stabilizer is lithium complex base grease, aluminum
complex base grease, or calcium sulfonate.
[0039] Clause 13--The lubricant of clauses 7-12, wherein the diol
is a 1,2-diol or a 1,3-diol.
[0040] Clause 14--The lubricant of clauses 7-13, wherein the diol
is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or
propylene glycol.
[0041] Clause 15--The lubricant of clauses 8-14, wherein the
isoalkane is a C17 isoalkane to a C30 isoalkane.
[0042] Clause 16--The lubricant of clauses 9-15, wherein polar
compound is graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, tungsten disulfide,
molybdenum disulfide, or hexagonal boron nitride.
[0043] Clause 17--The lubricant of clauses 10-16, wherein the polar
compound is talc powder.
[0044] Clause 18--The lubricant of clauses 5-17, wherein the
viscosity index modifier is a polyisobutylene, polyethylene,
polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polycarbohydrate, or
polyuria.
[0045] Clause 19--The lubricant of clauses 2-18, wherein the
freezing point depressant is glycerin.
[0046] Clause 20--The lubricant of clauses 1-19, wherein the water
is about 15% to about 35% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 1-19,
wherein the water is about 20% to about 30% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 1-19, wherein the water is about 25% to about
35% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 1-19, wherein the water is
about 25% to about 30% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 1-19,
wherein the water is about 20% to about 35% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 1-19, wherein the water is about 15% to about
30% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 1-19, wherein the water is
about 15% to about 25% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 1-19,
wherein the water is about 15% to about 20% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 1-19, wherein the water is about 20% to about
30% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 1-19, wherein the water is
about 20% to about 25% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 1-19,
wherein the water is about 30% to about 35% by weight.
[0047] Clause 21--The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the
freezing point depressant is about 20% to about 50% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point depressant is
about 25% to about 50% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20,
wherein the freezing point depressant is about 30% to about 50% by
weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point
depressant is about 35% to about 50% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point depressant is about 40% to
about 50% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the
freezing point depressant is about 45% to about 50% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point depressant is
about 20% to about 45% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20,
wherein the freezing point depressant is about 20% to about 40% by
weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point
depressant is about 20% to about 35% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point depressant is about 20% to
about 30% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the
freezing point depressant is about 20% to about 25% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point depressant is
about 25% to about 45% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20,
wherein the freezing point depressant is about 30% to about 45% by
weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point
depressant is about 40% to about 45% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point depressant is about 25% to
about 40% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the
freezing point depressant is about 25% to about 45% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point depressant is
about 25% to about 30% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20,
wherein the freezing point depressant is about 30% to about 40% by
weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-20, wherein the freezing point
depressant is about 35% to about 40% by weight.
[0048] Clause 22--The lubricant of clauses 2-21, wherein synthetic
fluid is about 15% to about 35% by weight. The lubricant of clauses
2-21, wherein synthetic fluid is about 20% to about 35% by weight.
The lubricant of clauses 2-21, wherein synthetic fluid is about 25%
to about 35% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-21, wherein
synthetic fluid is about 30% to about 35% by weight. The lubricant
of clauses 2-21, wherein synthetic fluid is about 15% to about 30%
by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-21, wherein synthetic fluid
is about 15% to about 25% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-21,
wherein synthetic fluid is about 15% to about 20% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 2-21, wherein synthetic fluid is about 20% to
about 30% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 2-21, wherein
synthetic fluid is about 20% to about 25% by weight. The lubricant
of clauses 2-21, wherein synthetic fluid is about 25% to about 30%
by weight.
[0049] Clause 23--The lubricant of clauses 3-22, wherein the
friction modifier is about 0% to about 10% by weight. The lubricant
of clauses 3-22, wherein the friction modifier is about 0% to about
7.5% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 3-22, wherein the friction
modifier is about 0% to about 5% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 3-22, wherein the friction modifier is about 0% to about
2.5% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 3-22, wherein the friction
modifier is about 2.5% to about 10% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 3-22, wherein the friction modifier is about 2.5% to about
7.5% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 3-22, wherein the friction
modifier is about 2.5% to about 5% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 3-22, wherein the friction modifier is about 5% to about
10% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 3-22, wherein the friction
modifier is about 5% to about 7.5% by weight.
[0050] Clause 24--The lubricant of clauses 4-23, wherein the solid
lubricant is about 0% to about 10% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 4-23, wherein the solid lubricant is about 0% to about 7.5%
by weight. The lubricant of clauses 4-23, wherein the solid
lubricant is about 0% to about 5% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 4-23, wherein the solid lubricant is about 0% to about 2.5%
by weight. The lubricant of clauses 4-23, wherein the solid
lubricant is about 2.5% to about 10% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 4-23, wherein the solid lubricant is about 2.5% to about
7.5% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 4-23, wherein the solid
lubricant is about 2.5% to about 5% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 4-23, wherein the solid lubricant is about 5% to about 10%
by weight. The lubricant of clauses 4-23, wherein the solid
lubricant is about 5% to about 7.5% by weight.
[0051] Clause 25--The lubricant of clauses 5-24, wherein the
viscosity index modifier is about 0% to about 15% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 5-24, wherein the viscosity index modifier is
about 0% to about 10% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 5-24,
wherein the viscosity index modifier is about 0% to about 5% by
weight. The lubricant of clauses 5-24, wherein the viscosity index
modifier is about 5% to about 15% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 5-24, wherein the viscosity index modifier is about 5% to
about 10% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 5-24, wherein the
viscosity index modifier is about 10% to about 15% by weight.
[0052] Clause 26--The lubricant of clauses 6-25, wherein the
suspension stabilizer is about 0% to about 7% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 6-25, wherein the suspension stabilizer is
about 1% to about 7% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 6-25,
wherein the suspension stabilizer is about 2% to about 7% by
weight. The lubricant of clauses 6-25, wherein the suspension
stabilizer is about 3% to about 7% by weight. The lubricant of
clauses 6-25, wherein the suspension stabilizer is about 4% to
about 7% by weight. The lubricant of clauses 6-25, wherein the
suspension stabilizer is about 5% to about 7% by weight. The
lubricant of clauses 6-25, wherein the suspension stabilizer is
about 6% to about 7% by weight.
[0053] Clause 27--The lubricant of clauses 20-26, wherein the water
is 23% by weight.
[0054] Clause 28--The lubricant of clauses 20-27, wherein the
freezing point depressant is 42% by weight.
[0055] Clause 29--The lubricant of clauses 20-28, wherein the
synthetic fluid is 23% by weight.
[0056] Clause 30--The lubricant of clauses 20-29, wherein the
friction modifier is 3% by weight.
[0057] Clause 31--The lubricant of clauses 20-30, wherein the solid
lubricant is 8% by weight.
[0058] Clause 32--The lubricant of clauses 20-31, wherein the
viscosity index modifier is 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% by weight.
[0059] Clause 33--The lubricant of clauses 20-32, wherein the
suspension stabilizer is 2% by weight.
[0060] Clause 34--The lubricant of clauses 20-26, wherein the water
is 24% by weight.
[0061] Clause 35--The lubricant of clauses 20-26 or 34, wherein the
freezing point depressant is 38% by weight.
[0062] Clause 36--The lubricant of clauses 20-26, 34, or 35,
wherein the synthetic fluid is 24% by weight.
[0063] Clause 37--The lubricant of clauses 20-26, 34-36, wherein
the friction modifier is 3% by weight.
[0064] Clause 38--The lubricant of clauses 20-26, 34-37, wherein
the solid lubricant is 8% by weight.
[0065] Clause 39--The lubricant of clauses 20-26, 34-38, wherein
the viscosity index modifier is 10% by weight.
[0066] Clause 40--The lubricant of clauses 20-26, 34-39, wherein
the suspension stabilizer is 2% by weight.
[0067] Clause 41--A water-based solid lubricant including 22% by
weight water; 42% by weight glycerin; 23% by weight isoalkane; 3%
by weight molybdenum disulfide; 8% by weight talc powder; and 2% by
weight calcium sulfonate, wherein the lubricant has no
non-synthetic fluids, wherein the lubricant has a viscosity of less
than 5,000 cP.
[0068] Clause 42--A water-based solid lubricant including 24% by
weight water; 38% by weight glycerin; 24% by weight isoalkane; 3%
by weight molybdenum disulfide; 8% by weight talc powder; and 3% by
weight calcium sulfonate; and polyisobutylene, wherein the
lubricant has no non-synthetic fluids, wherein the lubricant has a
viscosity of less than 5,000 cP.
[0069] Clause 43--A water-based solid lubricant including 21% by
weight water; 38% by weight glycerin; 20.3% by weight isoalkane; 3%
by weight molybdenum disulfide; 6% by weight talc powder; 1.9% by
weight calcium sulfonate; and 10% by weight polyisobutylene,
wherein the lubricant has no non-synthetic fluids, wherein the
lubricant has a viscosity of less than 5,000 cP.
[0070] Clause 44--A water-based solid lubricant including 22% by
weight water; 38% by weight glycerin; 25% by weight isoalkane; 3%
by weight molybdenum disulfide; 5% by weight talc powder; 2% by
weight calcium sulfonate; and 5% by weight polyisobutylene, wherein
the lubricant has no non-synthetic fluids, wherein the lubricant
has a viscosity of less than 5,000 cP.
[0071] Clause 45--A water-based solid lubricant including 24.5% by
weight water; 38% by weight glycerin; 25% by weight isoalkane; 3%
by weight molybdenum disulfide; 5% by weight talc powder; 2% by
weight calcium sulfonate; and 2.5% by weight polyisobutylene,
wherein the lubricant has no non-synthetic fluids, wherein the
lubricant has a viscosity of less than 5,000 cP.
[0072] Clause 46--The lubricant of clauses 1-45, wherein the
lubricant contains no surfactant or substantially no surfactant,
wherein the lubricant contains no lime.
[0073] Clause 47--The lubricant of clauses 1-46, wherein the
lubricant contains no surfactant or substantially no emulsifier,
wherein the lubricant contains no clay.
[0074] Clause 48--The lubricant of clauses 1-47, wherein the
friction modifier, the solid lubricant, the liquid lubricant,
and/or the viscosity modifier are not water soluble.
[0075] A method for lubricating a top of rail, the method
comprising the steps of providing a lubricant according to any of
clauses 1-48 and applying the lubricant to the top of rail without
mixing.
[0076] Various example embodiments have been described above for
lubricants. Skilled readers will understand, however, that changes
and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and
scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
* * * * *