U.S. patent application number 15/172821 was filed with the patent office on 2017-03-16 for axilinear shaped charge liner with parabolic apex.
The applicant listed for this patent is Innovative Defense, LLC. Invention is credited to Nicholas Collier.
Application Number | 20170074624 15/172821 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 56083049 |
Filed Date | 2017-03-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170074624 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Collier; Nicholas |
March 16, 2017 |
Axilinear Shaped Charge Liner With Parabolic Apex
Abstract
This invention is a shaped explosive device with a liner that
has a parabolic apex, which can produce a purely planar symmetric
jet. The half pipe liner in the present invention has a parabolic
apex or pole toward the aft end, a "V" notch on each side of the
concave wings toward the fore end, and liner base end on each wing.
Liner resembles two angled half sections of thin walled pipe butted
together at the apex or pole, and when properly driven by a high
explosive will produce a spade shaped stretching Munroe jet that
erodes a deep elongated hole in a target. Alternatively, this
invention is a shaped explosive device with a liner that produces a
single combination jet consisting of a forward rod portion and
rearward flattened spade shaped portion, this jet has a velocity
gradient form tip to tail. When applied in a circular or other
polygonal shaped array the Axilinear shaped charges will produce
extremely large diameter holes greater than the overall diameter of
the array.
Inventors: |
Collier; Nicholas;
(Smithville, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Innovative Defense, LLC |
Smithville |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
56083049 |
Appl. No.: |
15/172821 |
Filed: |
June 3, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14724497 |
May 28, 2015 |
9360222 |
|
|
15172821 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42C 19/12 20130101;
F42B 1/028 20130101; F42B 1/036 20130101; F42B 33/00 20130101; F24B
1/028 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F42B 1/028 20060101
F42B001/028; F42C 19/12 20060101 F42C019/12; F42B 1/036 20060101
F42B001/036 |
Claims
1. A shaped charge explosive device having a longitudinal axis that
extends along the length of the explosive device from a rearward
end to a forward end, comprising: a liner having a first parabolic
liner section located from a apex longitudinal position to a vertex
longitudinal position and a second winged liner section extending
from said vertex longitudinal position to a winged base end at the
forward end of the liner, said first parabolic liner section formed
substantially in a parabolic shape rotated around the longitudinal
axis with an apex of the first parabolic liner being located
substantially near said longitudinal axis and toward the rearward
end of the shaped charge explosive device, and said first parabolic
liner section having walls extending circumferentially around the
longitudinal axis and extending at an angle C.degree./2 from said
apex forward toward the vertex longitudinal length of the shaped
charge explosive device; said second winged liner section having
two winged wall extensions, each winged wall extension being planar
symmetric about a horizontal plane with the opposing winged wall
extension, each winged wall extension having conical walls
partially circumferentially rotated around the longitudinal axis
between two winged arc ends and each said winged wall extensions
located between said two winged arc ends extending from said vertex
longitudinal length contiguous with the first parabolic liner
section forward to a forward end of the liner of the shaped charge
explosive device, and said winged arc ends at corresponding ends of
opposing winged wall extensions having a face hollow concavity in
the liner material on two opposing sides of the base end of the
liner conical profile that extends from the winged vertex
longitudinal length to each respective winged arc end for the
opposing winged wall extensions, said each face hollow concavity
being a parabolic shape extending from each winged arc end to said
winged vertex longitudinal length and each face hollow concavity
being planar symmetric about a vertical plane; an explosive billet
charge that surrounds said first parabolic liner section and
surrounds the partially circumferential winged wall extensions with
an additional charge located behind the conical apex of said liner;
an outer charge body that is an external containment casing
surrounding said high explosive billet charge of the shaped charge
explosive device and having two outer charge body walls located in
the face hollow concavity in the liner material on two opposing
sides of the base end of the liner parabolic profile that extends
from the vertex longitudinal length to each respective winged arc
end for the opposing winged wall extensions; and a detonator
coupled to rearward end of high explosive billet charge for
initiating detonation of the explosive charge, said detonator
providing initiation to the high explosive billet to produce
transform the liner into a symmetrical spade shaped projectile
configuration.
2. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 1 wherein the angle of
the conical walls on the second winged liner section are
substantially aligned with the parabolic walls of said parabolic
liner section.
3. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 1 wherein the angle of
the conical walls on the second winged liner section are at an
angle greater than the C.degree./2 aligned with the parabolic walls
of said parabolic liner section.
4. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 1 wherein the angle of
the conical walls on the second winged liner section are at an
angle less than the C.degree./2 aligned with the parabolic walls of
said parabolic liner section.
5. The shaped charge explosive device of claim 1 further
comprising: a frustoconical portion of the outer charge body
located near the rearward end of the shaped charge device and
positioned proximate to a detonator holder.
6. A shaped charge explosive device having a longitudinal axis that
extends along the length of the explosive device from a rearward
end to a forward end, comprising: a liner having a first parabolic
liner section located from an apex longitudinal position to a
vertex longitudinal position and a second winged liner section
extending from said vertex longitudinal position to a base end at
the forward end of the liner, said first parabolic liner section
formed substantially in a parabolic shape circumferentially rotated
around the longitudinal axis with an apex of the first parabolic
liner being located substantially near said longitudinal axis and
toward the rearward end of the shaped charge explosive device, and
said first parabolic liner section having parabolic walls extending
circumferentially around the longitudinal axis and extending at an
angle C.degree./2 from said apex forward toward the vertex
longitudinal length of the shaped charge explosive device; said
second winged liner section having two winged wall extensions, each
winged wall extension having conical walls partially
circumferentially rotated around the longitudinal axis between two
winged arc ends and each said winged wall extensions located
between said two winged arc ends extending from said winged vertex
longitudinal length contiguous with the first parabolic liner
section forward to a forward end of the liner of the shaped charge
explosive device, and said winged arc ends at corresponding ends of
opposing winged wall extensions having a face hollow concavity in
the liner material on two opposing sides of the base end of the
liner conical profile that extends from the winged vertex
longitudinal length to each respective winged arc end for the
opposing winged wall extensions; an explosive billet charge that
surround said first parabolic liner section and surrounds the
partially circumferential winged wall extensions with an additional
charge located behind the apex of said liner; an outer charge body
that is an external containment casing surrounding said high
explosive billet charge of the shaped charge explosive device and
having two outer charge body walls located in the face hollow
concavity in the liner material on two opposing sides of the base
end of the liner conical profile that extends from the vertex
longitudinal length to each respective winged arc end for the
opposing winged wall extensions; and a detonator coupled to
rearward end of high explosive billet charge for initiating
detonation of the explosive charge, said detonator providing
initiation to the high explosive billet to produce transform the
liner into a spade shaped like projectile having a symmetrical
configuration.
7. The shaped charge explosive device of claim 6 wherein each said
winged wall extension is planar symmetric about a horizontal
plane.
8. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 6 wherein said face
hollow concavity between each winged arc end said opposing winged
wall extension is a parabolic shape extending from each winged arc
end to said winged vertex longitudinal length.
9. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 8 wherein each said
face hollow concavity is planar symmetric about a vertical
plane.
10. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 6 wherein the angle
of the conical walls on the second winged liner section are
substantially aligned with the conical walls of said first full
conical liner section.
11. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 6 wherein the angle
of the conical walls on the second winged liner section are at an
angle greater than the C.degree./2 aligned with the conical walls
of said first full conical liner section.
12. A shaped charge explosive device of claim 6 wherein the angle
of the conical walls on the second winged liner section are at an
angle less than the C.degree./2 aligned with the conical walls of
said first full conical liner section.
13. The shaped charge explosive device of claim 6 further
comprising: a frustoconical portion of the outer charge body
located near the rearward end of the shaped charge device and
positioned proximate to a detonator holder.
14. A method for making a shaped charge explosive device having a
longitudinal axis that extends along the length of the explosive
device from a rearward end to a forward end, comprising the steps
of: providing a liner having a first parabolic liner section
located from an apex longitudinal position to a vertex longitudinal
position and a second winged liner section extending from said
vertex longitudinal position to a winged base end at the forward
end of the liner; said first parabolic liner section formed
substantially in a parabolic shape circumferentially rotated around
the longitudinal axis with an apex of the first parabolic liner
being located substantially near said longitudinal axis and toward
the rearward end of the shaped charge explosive device, and said
first parabolic liner section having conical walls extending
circumferentially around the longitudinal axis and extending at an
angle C.degree./2 from said cone apex forward toward the winged
vertex longitudinal length of the shaped charge explosive device;
said second winged liner section having two winged wall extensions,
each winged wall extension having conical walls partially
circumferentially rotated around the longitudinal axis between two
winged arc ends and each said winged wall extensions located
between said two winged arc ends extending from said winged vertex
longitudinal length contiguous with the first parabolic liner
section forward to a forward end of the liner of the shaped charge
explosive device, and said winged arc ends at corresponding ends of
opposing winged wall extensions having a face hollow concavity in
the liner material on two opposing sides of the base end of the
liner parabolic profile that extends from the vertex longitudinal
length to each respective winged arc end for the opposing winged
wall extensions; coupling an explosive billet charge to surround
said first parabolic liner section and surrounds the partially
circumferential winged wall extensions and an additional charge
located behind the apex of said liner; coupling an outer charge
body that is an external containment casing to surround said high
explosive billet charge of the shaped charge explosive device, said
outer charge body having two outer charge body walls located in the
face hollow concavity in the liner material on two opposing sides
of the base end of the liner parabolic profile that extends from
the vertex longitudinal length to each respective winged arc end
for the opposing winged wall extensions; and coupling a detonator
to rearward end of high explosive billet charge for initiating
detonation of the explosive charge, said detonator providing
initiation to the high explosive billet to produce transform the
liner into a spade shaped like projectile having a symmetrical
configuration.
15. The method of making the shaped charge explosive device of
claim 14 wherein each said winged wall extension is planar
symmetric about a horizontal plane.
16. The method of making the shaped charge explosive device of
claim 14 wherein said face hollow concavity between each winged arc
end said opposing winged wall extension is a parabolic shape
extending from each winged arc end to said winged vertex
longitudinal length.
17. The method of making the shaped charge explosive device of
claim 16 wherein each said face hollow concavity is planar
symmetric about a vertical plane.
18. The method of making the shaped charge explosive device of
claim 14 wherein the angle of the conical walls on the second
winged liner section are substantially aligned with the parabolic
walls of said first parabolic liner section.
19. The method of making the shaped charge explosive device of
claim 14 wherein the angle of the conical walls on the second
winged liner section are at an angle greater than the C.degree./2
aligned with the parabolic walls of said first parabolic liner
section.
20. The method of making the shaped charge explosive device of
claim 14 wherein the angle of the conical walls on the second
winged liner section are at an angle less than the C.degree./2
aligned with the parabolic walls of said first parabolic liner
section.
21. The method of making the shaped charge explosive device of
claim 14 wherein said outer charge body possesses a frustoconical
portion of the outer charge body located near the rearward end of
the shaped charge device and positioned proximate to a detonator
holder.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION DATA
[0001] This application is a Continuation-in-Part Application that
claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.120 to application Ser. No.
14/724,497 filed on May 28, 2015, issued on Jun. 7, 2016 as U.S.
Pat. No. 9,360,222.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The technical field of the invention relates to explosive
devices and, in particular, shaped charge explosive devices having
liners with a parabolic apex.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0003] As described in "The History of Shaped Charges" by Donald R
Kennedy, the concept of shaping an explosive charge, in order to
focus its energy was known in 1792. In 1884 Max von Forester
conducted experiments in Germany showing that an explosive charge
with a hollow cavity will focus the explosive energy and produce a
collimated jet of high speed gasses along the longitudinal axis of
the cavity. When this cavity is lined with a ductile metal it will
produce a high speed collimated stretching jet of liquefied
material capable of penetrating all known materials.
[0004] In 1888, while conducting research for the U.S Navy, at
Newport RI, Charles Munroe discovered that not only could explosive
energy be focused, but lining the hollow cavity in the explosive
with metal increased the penetration dramatically, the effect is
commonly called the Munroe Effect. These discoveries were further
studied in 1910 by Egon Neumann of Germany who conducted similar
experiment's, which showed that a cylinder of explosive with a
metal lined conical hollow cavity could penetrate through steel
plates. The military implications of this phenomenon were not
realized until the lead up to World War II.
[0005] In the 1930's flash x-ray technology was developed which
allowed the in depth study of the Shaped Charge jetting process.
With this new diagnostic, it was possible to take X-Ray pictures of
the collapse of the liner and the resulting jet. This new
diagnostic led to a more scientific and complete understanding of
the Munroe principle and emphasized the power of shaped
charges.
[0006] Generally, when a cylinder of explosive with a hollow
conical cavity at one end is detonated at the center of the
opposite end, the energy of the explosive is focused into a
rod-like jet of high temperature, high pressure and high velocity
gases along the axis of a conical cavity. This is an axisymmetric
collapse and is generally known as the Munroe effect. The pressures
created behind the detonation front in the explosive are of such
magnitude that it causes the metal of the liner to liquefy and flow
like a fluid. As the liner material is collapsed toward the axis of
the hollow cavity, the flowing material radially converges,
creating a rod-like stretching jet of high velocity, between five
and ten kilometers per second.
[0007] These jets are primarily copper and will penetrate all known
materials. The conventional shaped charge will give typically a
hole size that is, in a semi-infinite target; could be as high as
20% of the diameter of the shaped charge. In order to achieve the
greatest jet length and penetration depth, the jetting process of a
shaped charge requires the liner material to reach a high
temperature during collapse, which allows plastic flow of the
collapsed liner material that produces a long stretching jet.
[0008] Plastic flow is accomplished by forcing the liner material
under great pressures to collapse and converge radially onto the
liners symmetrical axis. A typical linear or circular linear shaped
charge liner has non-fluted or non-corrugated walls, is driven from
only two dimensions and has insufficient convergence to cause
plastic flow and high velocities, so these devices do not produce
ductile stretching jets but instead produce explosively formed
projectiles EFP.
[0009] Modern shaped charges are used for various purposes, such as
oil field perforators, and they produce a long stretching rod-like
metal jet that penetrates 4 to 8 charge diameters in steel and as
much as three times deeper in masonry or rock. The average diameter
of a 5 CD deep hole from these conventional shaped charges is less
than 15% of the diameter of the explosive charge CD. These types of
charges are designed to have long, stretching rod-like jets,
primarily to penetrate the walls of a vehicle or other target,
which has been the focus of a vast majority of research in this
field. The small holes produced by these types of charges do not
permit a follow-through device in the case of surgical destruction
of a protected enclosure.
[0010] Modern shaped charges can produce a long stretching rod like
metal jet that penetrates about 5 to 8 charge diameters in steel,
deeper in masonry or rock. The average diameter of a five charge
diameter CD through hole from these type charges is less than 15%
of the explosive charge diameter. These small diameter holes made
by conventional jets do not produce a hole of sufficient diameter
to provide a means to deliver follow on shaped charges of equal
charge diameter to the standoff needed from the bottom of a hole
with the intent of making an equal size hole diameter and depth of
penetration as the last charge.
[0011] There have been some specialized efforts by Halliburton to
produce shaped charges other than conical type shaped charges for
special purposes such as pipe cutting and anchor chain cutting.
These type of charges are called linear shaped charges and use the
Munroe principle to produce a thin sheet like jet with somewhat
similar cutting power to the usual conical shaped charge. The liner
is wide angle and the device is used against light structures such
as wooden doors and thin walls. The vast majority of research and
development in shaped charges over the past hundred years or so has
been devoted to deep penetration in both military and commercial
applications. Some efforts have been directed to increasing the
internal angle of the liner and a shorter standoff.
[0012] Other devices using flexible linear shaped charges have been
designed for breaching man-size holes in light walls, such as
described in Wall AXE British, 1960. These line charge devices are
collapsed from only two opposing directions producing a very
irregular thin sheet-like jet that is unpredictable in its
penetrating ability due to the lack of a simultaneous initiation
along the apex of the line explosive. These line charges are
limited in the thickness or toughness of the target they can
address and are mainly used for light walls. Additionally,
sometimes users such as police or firefighters are badly injured or
killed trying to use these awkward and clumsy devices.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,850 places an interrupter along the jet
axis inside the liner, in the flow path of the liner material. The
permissible size of the interrupter for this concept can only be a
small portion of the liner diameter so as to leave room for the
liner to collapse. The small diameter of the interrupter does not
form a large enough diameter jet to produce a full caliber hole or
to hold its annular shape after it separates from the interrupter;
the jet will converge into a rod and some of the precious liner
length is wasted.
[0014] U.S. Pat. Publ. No. US2011/0232519 A1 shows outside and
inside walls making up the circular trough of the liner. The mass
of the outer wall of the liner trough, because of its greater
diameter, is much greater than the mass of the inner wall. The
outer wall is converging whereas the inner wall, with much less
mass, is diverging; the same problem exists with the explosive
quantities driving each wall of the liner. To obtain a circular or
annular jet, these masses must be equal in forces when they
converge on the projected axis of the liner cavity.
[0015] In steel-making, small conical shaped charges are often used
to pierce taps that have become plugged with slag. Linear shaped
charges, or line charges, are another type of shaped charge used in
the demolition of buildings to cut through steel beams and collapse
the building in a desired pattern. This type of flexible line
charge creates a sheet-like jet from a two-dimensional collapse.
SWAT teams and fire departments are another user of line charges,
using the Munroe principle to generate high speed material for
urban wall breaching and rescue. These line charges are very
inefficient and difficult to initiate in a manner conducive to
achieving their full potential. Very little research has been
conducted in this area of shaped charge technology, and all of
these applications of shaped charges would benefit greatly from a
larger-diameter penetration capability.
[0016] Hole diameters in casing from these conventional charges are
not greater than 1/2 inch in diameter. The expected perforated
holes sizes can be inconsistent, varying in size to more than 50%
from the target diameter. This inconsistency causes many fracturing
operation issues, and small hole size limits product flow into and
from the formation; if too small, the perforation will get fouled
with debris and can stop flowing altogether. The hole diameter
produced by a present day oil well perforator is only approximately
12% of its explosive charge diameter. Great efforts have been made
over the last 50 or so years to enlarge the entry hole diameter in
oil well casing without much success.
[0017] Some effort has been made with placing a conventional shaped
charge ahead of the projectile in order to create a pilot hole in
the rock; however, only a small gain in depth of penetration is
achievable with this method because of the very small hole diameter
produced by a conventional shaped charge. The hole diameter made by
a conventional shaped charge jet is small, on the order of
one-tenth the diameter of the explosive charge forming the jet, and
it penetrates approximately 6-8 times the diameter of the charge in
steel (more in rock or masonry).
[0018] There is clearly a need for innovation in this industry to
have a shaped explosive device that produces a combination of a
forward rod and rearward flattened Spade shaped stretching jet.
There is also a need for innovation in the industry to product
symmetrical spade shaped jet stream from a shaped charge
device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0019] This invention is a shaped explosive device with a liner
that has a parabolic apex, which can produce a purely planar
symmetric jet. The half pipe liner in the present invention has a
parabolic apex or pole toward the aft end, a "V" notch on each side
of the concave wings toward the fore end, and liner base end on
each wing. Liner resembles two angled half sections of thin walled
pipe butted together at the apex or pole, and when properly driven
by a high explosive will produce a spade shaped stretching Munroe
jet that erodes a deep elongated hole in a target.
[0020] One embodiment of the shaped charge liner, alternatively,
produces a jet stream consisting of a forward rod portion and
rearward flattened spade shaped portion, this jet has a velocity
gradient form tip to tail. The jet produced by the shaped charge is
axisymmetric for the forward rod portion and planar symmetric for
the aft wide spade portion somewhat like linear shaped charge,
thusly termed the "Axilinear" shaped charge. This Axilinear device
will produce a combination jet, consisting of a rod forward
portion, followed by and connected to a planar symmetric wide spade
shaped rear portion.
[0021] The high explosive billet has three distinct sections, a
rear or boat tailed HE section "A" as measured longitudinally
between HE initiation point and liner apex, a mid-section or full
conic HE section "B" as measured longitudinally from apex to wing
vertex, section "B" fully encompassing the liner conical section,
and forward HE section "C" that contains two partial circumference
wing HE sections as measured longitudinally from wing vertex to
base ends that conform to the shape of the liner wing extensions.
The EW liner is the working material of the shaped charge and is
mounted to body at the forward end of device, at the base ends of
the liner wing extensions; and adjacent to the wings the liner
parabolic faces are mounted to the body parabolic faces.
[0022] The body of the explosive device consists of four distinct
areas, a aft cylindrical area that provides mounting for an
initiation device that is coupled to the aft end of HE device,
followed by a boat tailed area that contains the rear HE section A,
followed by cylindrical area that contains mid-section HE section B
that is coupled to the full conical liner section; and forward HE
section C containing wing sections that are coupled to the extended
wings of liner section, and body area at the forward end of
cylindrical section that transitions from a cylindrical shape into
two parallel flat parabolic faces that are planar symmetric to each
other and are coupled to the parabolic liner faces.
[0023] Body area has two functions--it provides two opposing side
mounting faces for the liner extended wings and also has flat faces
that is the forward containment boundary of HE section; this
boundary is located at wing vertex, and is also the liner wing
transition point from the full circumference conical section to the
extended wing section. The containment of HE pressures during the
detonation time period by body area is important for proper
collapse of the wings and spade jet formation.
[0024] The rod or axisymmetric portion of the jet produces a large
diameter deep penetration and the flattening of the rear portion
causes the jet to spread in two opposing directions which produces
a wide flat jet that gives a penetration of an elongated slot. The
forward rod portion of each jet erodes a round hole in the target
followed by the aft flattened spade portion of the jet creating a
long slotted deep cavity centered on the round hole and in the
lateral direction of the spade jet. The purpose for producing a
dual purpose or hybrid jet where the forward portion being a
focused small diameter rod and the aft portion being spread into a
flattened wider spade like jet is so that the jet energy is spread
over a bigger area and produces a larger detonation hole, or a
shape for the detonation hole that is different than a round hole,
in a target while simultaneously maintaining control of the
direction of the elongation of the hole.
[0025] Although there are other designs and shapes possible, the
circular arrangement offers the most efficient removal of target
material. The circular design also offers the symmetry needed and
ease of fabrication and deployment. A single Axilinear shaped
charge device is capable of producing two types of penetrations in
a common hole, which includes a linear slot combined with a deep
hole penetration.
[0026] A smooth walled circular linear liner by having opposing
corrugations or flutes that have sufficient curvature to converge
the liner material so as to obtain ductile Munroe jetting, longer
jets, and higher velocities. Since jet length and depth of target
penetration, are directly proportional, it is reasonable to make
the greatest effort to provide the longest and most robust jet
possible.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0027] The inventor will use descriptive drawings and text to
describe the device and how it functions.
[0028] FIG. 1 is a quarter cut sectional perspective view of a
single Axilinear shaped charge device.
[0029] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a single conical Axilinear
extended wing liner used in the FIG. 1 embodiment.
[0030] FIG. 2A-2B are elevation and end views of a single conical
Axilinear extended wing liner used in the FIG. 1 embodiment
illustrating the direction of reference planes relative to the
liner wings.
[0031] FIG. 2C is a sectional view along horizontal line 2C-2C in
FIG. 2B of a single conical Axilinear extended wing liner used in
the FIG. 1 embodiment that further illustrates the full and partial
conical sections.
[0032] FIG. 2D is a sectional view along vertical line 2D-2D in
FIG. 2B of a single conical Axilinear extended wing liner used in
the FIG. 1 embodiment that further illustrates the full and partial
conical sections.
[0033] FIG. 3 is an end view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1
illustrating the liner wings in the 12 and 6 o'clock positions.
[0034] FIG. 3A-3B are elevation views of the high explosive billet
used in the FIG. 1 embodiment.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a sectional view along vertical line 4-4 in FIG. 3
that is perpendicular to the horizontal collapse plane of the liner
wings, of the Axilinear shaped charge embodiment of FIG. 1.
[0036] FIG. 5 is a view of the jet formed by the device embodiment
of FIG. 1 that illustrates the orientation of the spade jet with
respect to the liner wings of FIG. 4.
[0037] FIG. 6 is a sectional view along horizontal line 6-6 in FIG.
3 that is coplanar to the horizontal collapse plane of the liner
wings, of the Axilinear shaped charge embodiment of FIG. 1.
[0038] FIG. 7 is a view of the jet formed by the device embodiment
of FIG. 1 that illustrates the orientation of the spade jet with
respect to the liner wings in FIG. 6.
[0039] FIG. 8 is an end view of a target surface with a cavity
created by a single Axilinear shaped charge jet from the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1.
[0040] FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view along line 9-9 in FIG. 8
that is coplanar with the collapse plane of the liner wings of the
embodiment of FIG. 1 and further clarifies the wide direction of
the cavity created by the spade jet.
[0041] FIG. 10 is a horizontal sectional view along line 10-10 in
FIG. 8 that is perpendicular with the collapse plane of the liner
wings of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and further clarifies the narrow
direction of the cavity created by the spade jet.
[0042] FIG. 12-14 is a diverging wing variation of the liner
embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
[0043] FIG. 15-17 is a converging wing variation of the liner
embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
[0044] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment
of a shaped charge liner with a parabolic pole or apex and extended
wings.
[0045] FIG. 19 is a side view of the FIG. 18 embodiment of a shaped
charge liner with a parabolic pole or apex and extended wings.
[0046] FIG. 20 is a top view of the FIG. 18 embodiment of a shaped
charge liner with a parabolic pole or apex and extended wings.
[0047] FIG. 21 is a front end view of the FIG. 18 embodiment of a
shaped charge liner with a parabolic pole or apex and extended
wings.
[0048] FIG. 22 is a longitudinal section view along line J-J in
FIG. 21 embodiment of a shaped charge liner with a parabolic pole
or apex and extended wings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0049] This invention is a shaped explosive device with a liner
that has a parabolic apex, which can produce a purely planar
symmetric jet. The half pipe liner in the present invention has a
parabolic apex or pole toward the aft end, a "V" notch on each side
of the concave wings toward the fore end, and liner base end on
each wing. Liner resembles two angled half sections of thin walled
pipe butted together at the apex or pole, and when properly driven
by a high explosive will produce a spade shaped stretching Munroe
jet that erodes a deep elongated hole in a target.
[0050] One embodiment of this invention also relates to shaped
explosive devices and in particular to a shaped explosive device
that produces a combination of a forward rod and rearward flattened
Spade shaped stretching jet. This explosive device herein after
referred to as "The Axilinear" device or Axilinear shaped charge,
consists of a liner, an explosive billet, a body and a means of
initiation. The invention described and depicted herein produces a
two part stretching jet, the forward portion is a rod like jet and
the aft portion is spread into a spade like shape reminiscent of
the jetting of a linear shaped charge but at much higher
velocities, having a velocity gradient or stretch rate and
directionally controllable.
[0051] For clarity, all references in this document to a shaped
charge means, "a shaped charge" is an explosive device, having a
shaped liner, driven by a similarly shaped mating explosive billet,
having an initiation device, the necessary containment, confinement
and retention of the liner to the explosive billet. The result of
detonation of this device is a high speed stream of material
produced from the convergence of the liner driven by the explosive.
This is commonly known as the Munroe Effect. The shape and size of
this stream of material commonly called a jet, is dependent on the
starting shape and size of the liner and explosive billet.
[0052] The Axilinear liner in the present invention consists of two
sections, aft section "B", and forward section "C." The aft section
"B" is a full circumference of one of, or combination of the liner
profiles, shown in the figure section of this document. This
section B produces an axisymmetric rod like stretching jet with
length proportional to the length of the liner section, the stretch
rate, and time of flight of the jet.
[0053] The forward section "C" consists of less than full
circumference walls extending beyond the end of section B, these
wing extensions are symmetrically one hundred eighty degrees apart.
These wing extensions have axisymmetric cavity as viewed from
inside the hollow liner form, this cavity functions to provide the
convergence and work into the liner material to cause it to rise in
temperature and ductility causing plastic flow. The jet from
section C produces a planar symmetric stretching wide non round jet
which cuts a slot rather than a round hole as produced by the rod
portion of the jet.
[0054] More particularly, the Axilinear shaped charge device 100
shown in FIG. 1, consist of a body 110, EW liner 105, high
explosive (HE) billet 115, having an axisymmetric aft area with
detonator 136, detonator holder 135, detonation initiation point
107, and liner apex 108, and a axisymmetric as well as planar
symmetric (Axilinear) fore area that consists of liner extended
wings 125A and 125B and liner base ends 120A and 120B. Initiation
of the HE billet of this novel device can be achieved by any
suitable readily available detonation initiation devices.
[0055] Device 100 is axisymmetric or symmetrical about a
longitudinal axis 137 from the aft end near detonator 136 to the
middle liner wing vertex 132A and 132B of the EW liner 105; forward
of wing vertex 132A and 132B device 100 is Axilinear with two
symmetrical curved extended wings 125A and 125B being axisymmetric
with axis 137 and also planar symmetric about two central
perpendicular reference planes, a horizontal plane in the 3 and 9
o'clock positions, and a vertical plane in the 12 and 6 o'clock
positions.
[0056] The vertical 12 and 6 o'clock reference plane (FIG. 2
vertical plane 246) is coincident with axis 137 and passes through
the middle of each extended wing 125A and 125B, the parabolic faces
130A and 130B are planar symmetric or mirrored about this plane.
Front edge 114 of face vacancy or void in the winged vertex 132A of
the liner 105. The horizontal 3 and 9 o'clock reference plane (FIG.
2 horizontal collapse plane 245) is coincident with axis 137 and
passes through each wing vertex 132A and 132B, this plane is also
known as the wing collapse plane and the wings 125A and 125B are
planar symmetric or mirrored about this plane. The jet produced by
detonating an Axilinear shaped charge device 100 is axisymmetric
for the forward rod portion of the jet and planar symmetric for the
aft portion, this aft spade portion of the jet being shaped
somewhat like a linear shaped charge jet, thusly named
Axilinear.
[0057] The Axilinear shaped charge device 100 is shown with a
conical EW liner 105, other geometrical shaped (i.e. hemispherical,
tulip, or trumpet) hollow cavity formed liners with extended liner
wings can also be used. EW liner 105 has a full circumference
axisymmetric conical profile section 122 with included angle A that
is longitudinally between aft apex 108 and middle liner wing vertex
132A and 132B, and a Axilinear partial circumference wing section
133 toward the fore end with two symmetrically opposing conical
fluted wing extensions 125A and 125B with included angle A that
extend longitudinally from the middle liner wing vertex 132A and
132B to the forward liner base ends 120A and 120B.
[0058] The forward liner wing extensions 125A and 125B are
symmetrical to each other and positioned one hundred and eighty
degrees apart, opposing each other planar symmetrically about the
horizontal plane and is axisymmetric about longitudinal axis 137 of
the device. The absence of liner wall material on opposing sides of
the wing section 133 at the forward base end of the liner forms two
parabolic faces 130A and 130B that are parallel and symmetric with
each other about longitudinal axis 137 and the vertical plane. Both
liner parabolic faces 130A and 130B have a vertex at wing vertex
132A and 132B and open toward the base ends 120A and 120B with
parabolic end points at the wing arc ends 121A and 121B.
[0059] EW liner 105 maintains its conical profile and liner wall
109 thickness profile from aft end apex 108 of the full
circumference conical section 122 to wing vertex 132A and continues
with the same profile to the fore end of the extended wings 125A
and 125B at the base ends 120A and 120B of the partial
circumference wing section 133. Liner wall 109 transitions from a
full circumference conical profile at wing vertex 132A and 132 B
into 180 degree symmetrically opposing wing like or fluted
extensions 125A and 125B that extend from the full circumference
conical profile section 122 at wing vertex 132A and 132B to the
base end 120A and 120B of the liner.
[0060] The liner wing extensions 125A and 125B shown in FIG. 1
retain the same curvature, included angle A, and wall 109 thickness
profile as the full conical profile section 122 portion of the
liner; but the extended wings 125A and 125B could also have a
larger or smaller included angle A and wall thickness 109 than the
conical section 122, as long as they maintain planar symmetry to
one another. Being planar symmetric and having partial
circumference conical curvature allows the wing-like extensions or
flutes 125A and 125B to converge at very high pressures on the
collapse plane, raising the temperature and ductility of the
converging wing material to the required level for Munroe
jetting.
[0061] HE billet 115 can be pressed, cast or hand packed from any
commercially available high order explosive. HE billet 115 is in
intimate contact with the outer liner surface 116 of EW liner 105
from the aft apex 108 to the forward wing vertex 132A and 132B of
the conical profile section 122 and from the wing vertex 132A and
132B to the base ends 120A and 120B and wing arc ends 121A and 121B
of the wing section 133. HE billet 115 has three distinct sections,
a head height or aft HE section "A" 138 as measured longitudinally
between HE initiation point 107 and liner apex 108, a mid-section
or full conic HE section "B" 139 as measured longitudinally from
apex 108 to wing vertex 132A and 132B, that fully encompasses the
liner conical section 122, and forward HE section "C" that contains
two partial circumference wing HE sections 140A and 140B as
measured longitudinally from wing vertex 132A and 132B to base ends
120A and 120B that conform to the shape of the liner wing
extensions 125A and 125B.
[0062] HE section A 138 can be lengthened or shortened
longitudinally by increasing or decreasing the length of body 110,
greater head height gives a flatter detonation wave before it comes
in contact with the liner. Flatter detonation waves at time of
liner impact typically increase jet tip velocity and target
penetration, head height optimization is a balance between jet
performance and minimizing the explosive charge. The optimum head
height can be determined by computer code and live testing to
obtain the least amount HE volume needed to efficiently obtain
maximum jet mass, velocity and target penetration. A typical head
height for a conical lined shaped charge would be 1/2 inch space
permitting.
[0063] The shape and volume of HE section B 139 is defined by the
area between the inside surface 112 of body 110 and outside surface
116 of EW liner 105 from aft apex 108 to forward body face 110E
located at wing vertex 132A and 132B, and makes a full
circumference or revolution around liner section 122. The shape and
volume of the two symmetrical wing HE sections 140A and 140B of HE
section C are defined by the area between the inside surface 112 of
body 110 and outside surface 116 of EW liner 105 from aft wing
vertex 132A and 132B to forward base ends 120A and 120B, and are
partial circumference volumes about each wing between the wing arc
end points 121A and 121B. HE billet 115 can have a super-caliber
diameter (i.e. larger than the liner base diameter) necessary for
full convergence of the base end of the liner wing extensions 125A
and 125B to obtain maximum velocity and mass of the spade jet.
[0064] The forward section C 133 consists of two less than full
circumference liner walls 109 extending beyond the end of section B
122, creating partial conical or curved wing extensions 125A and
125B, wing vertices 132A and 132B and parabolic faces 130A and 130B
that are symmetrically one hundred and eighty degrees apart. The
wing vertex 132A and 132B and flat parabolic faces 130A and 130B
are formed from the absence of material on two symmetrically
opposing sides of the base end of the conical profile. The wing
extensions 125A and 125B create an axisymmetric and planar
symmetric opposing partial radial hollow concavities on the inside
liner wall surface 117; HE detonation pressures on these
concavities provides a partial radial convergence and work into the
liner material to cause it to rise in temperature and ductility
causing plastic flow and hydrodynamic jetting.
[0065] The collapse of the wing extensions 125A and 125B of section
C 133 produces a wide planar symmetric stretching non round spade
shaped jet which cuts a deep slot rather than a round hole; the
mass, width, length, stretch rate, velocity, and time of flight of
the spade jet is directly proportional to the liner wall length of
section C 133, included angle A, and liner wall 109 thickness of
section C 133. If section C 133 is shortened and the overall length
"L" is unchanged section B 122 will become longer. Increasing the
length of section B 122 will increase the rod jet length, mass and
penetration depth, and will decrease the length, width, mass and
penetration depth of the spade jet; length adjustments to sections
B and C work in concert, when the rod jet is lengthened the spade
jet will be shortened and vice versa shortening the rod jet will
lengthen the spade jet.
[0066] During collapse of the liner full conical section 122, liner
material radially converges along the longitudinal axis 137 into a
rod jet from the detonation of HE section A 138 and HE section B
139; the collapse of full conical section 122 is followed by the
collapse of the extended liner wings 125A and 125B of the partial
circumference section 133 into a spade jet from the detonation of
wing HE sections 140A and 140B of HE section C. Wing HE sections
140A and 140B are coupled to the outer liner surface 116 of each
wing from the aft wing vertex 132A and 132B to the forward wing
base ends 120A and 120B and the wing arc ends 121A to 121B.
[0067] The radial curvature of the opposing liner wing extensions
125A and 125B provides the radial material convergence during
collapse needed to raise the temperature and pressure of the
collapsed liner material, to the required level for plastic flow
and Monroe jetting to occur, this increases the ductility allowing
for longer jet breakup length. During collapse, the full conical
section 122 of the liner will form a axisymmetric rod jet along the
longitudinal axis 137 followed by the concave liner wing extensions
125A and 125B being driven to a common collapse plane by HE 140A
and 140B, the colliding wing extensions material will form into a
high velocity flat planar symmetric spade shape jet.
[0068] As the collapsed wing extensions material moves forward
along longitudinal axis 137 it also spreads laterally outward
forming the spade shaped jet along the horizontal collapse plane.
The formation of the spade jet is due to the absence of liner
material, explosive and confinement on the liner sides with the two
flat parabolic faces 130A and 130B that are adjacent to and ninety
degrees out of phase from the flutes or wing extensions 125A and
125B. The orientation of device 100 can be rotated about axis 137
and the spade jet orientation will rotate equally in the same
direction, if device 100 is rotated 45 degrees clockwise about axis
137 the collapse plane will also rotate 45 degrees clockwise and
the spade jet will stretch longitudinally forward on axis 137 and
laterally along the rotated collapse plane.
[0069] The EW liner 105 is the working material of the shaped
charge and is mounted to body 110 at the forward end of device 100,
at the base ends 120A and 120B of the liner wing extensions 125A
and 125B; and adjacent to the wings the liner parabolic faces 130A
and 130B are mounted to the body 110 parabolic faces 110F. Body 110
consist of four distinct areas, a aft cylindrical area 110C that
provides mounting for an initiation device that is coupled to the
aft end of HE 115, followed by a boat tailed area 110B that
contains the HE section A 138, followed by cylindrical area 110A
that contains HE section B 139 that is coupled to the full conical
liner section 122; and HE section C containing wing sections 140A
and 104B that are coupled to the extended wings of liner section
133, and body area 110D at the forward end of cylindrical section
110A that transitions from a cylindrical shape into two parallel
flat parabolic faces 110F that are planar symmetric to each other
and are coupled to the parabolic liner faces 130A and 130B.
[0070] Body area 110D has two functions, it provides two opposing
side mounting faces 110F for the liner extended wings and also has
flat faces 110E that is the forward containment boundary of HE
section 139; this boundary is located at wing vertex 132A and 132B,
and is also the liner wing transition point from the full
circumference conical section 122 to the extended wing section 133.
The containment of HE pressures during the detonation time period
by body area 110D is important for proper collapse of the wings and
spade jet formation. Shape charge liners for the most part are made
from copper but liners may be made from most any metal, ceramic,
powdered metals, tungsten, silver, copper, glass or combination of
many materials. Body 110 would typically be made from aluminum or
steel but could be made of almost any metal or plastic as long as
it provides the correct amount of tamping for proper jet formation
and desired jet velocity during the detonation of HE billet
115.
[0071] The EW liner 105 is a modified cone or other shape with two
distinct geometrical sections, the aft end of the liner is a full
conical profile section 122 with an apex 108, followed by the
forward end wing section 133 with two liner wing extensions 125A
and 125B that extend forward from the full conical or other shape
profile section 122 at wing vertex 132A and 132B to the wing base
ends 120A and 120B at the fore end of EW liner 105. The liner wing
extensions 125A and 125B maintain the same included angle A liner
wall 109 thickness profile and curvature of the full conical
profile section 122.
[0072] The included angle A of EW liner 105 needed to obtain Munroe
effect jetting should be from 36 to 120 degrees. The jet velocity
achieved from a shaped charge is dependent on the liner wall 109
thickness and included angle A of the liner; a narrower included
angle results in a faster less massive jet, and a wider included
angle results in a slower more massive jet. Jet velocities can vary
from 4 to 10 km/s depending on the type and quality of liner
material, included angle A of the liner, liner wall 109 thickness,
the charge to mass ratio of HE to liner, bulk density of the liner,
surface finish of the liner wall, and body geometries; very small
changes of any of these variables can make large differences in jet
velocity and trajectory.
[0073] The HE billet 115 is contained between the inner surface 112
of body 110 and the outer surface 116 of the EW liner 105. HE
billet 115 provides the energy to collapse the EW liner 105,
increasing the ductility of the EW liner 105 material, causing it
to form a compound jet in the shape of a very high speed rod jet
from the full conical section 122 material followed by a flattened
spade shaped jet from the liner wing section 133 material; the
spade jet is slower than the rod jet from conical section 122 but
much faster than a typical "V" shaped liner found in common linear
shaped charge because of the cavity of the wing section 133.
[0074] Body 110 provides a mounting surface for EW liner 105 which
is held to body 110 at the liner base ends 120A and 120B and at the
parabolic faces 130A and 130B. The base end of EW liner 105 does
not form a full circumference; it consists of two opposing concave
surfaces or wing extensions 125A and 125B and the corresponding
wing base ends 120A and 120B at the forward end of the liner. Body
110 also serves as a containment vessel for the delicate HE billet
115 and protects it from damage or impact by supporting the outer
diameter of HE billet 115. Body 110 also provides tamping for the
HE billet 115 depending on body wall 106 thickness and material
density, HE tamping can be increased or decreased if needed to
improve jet performance or reduce total HE mass.
[0075] The purpose of removing the base end material on
symmetrically opposing sides of EW liner 105 and creating the
wing-like extensions 125A and 125B is twofold. The first purpose is
to form the partial circumference conical wing-like extensions or
flutes 125A and 125B and when collapsed converge to form the flat
aft spade shaped portion of the jet; the flattened spade jet
spreads laterally and erodes an elongated slot in target material.
The second purpose being to allow for close lateral proximity of
multiple adjacent devices resulting in multiple tightly spaced rod
and intersecting spade jet perforations, creating a large coupled
slotted target perforation.
[0076] Since the EW liner 105 material is not being confined along
the two removed portions of the liner at parabolic faces 130A and
130B, the collapse of the wing-like extensions or flutes 125A and
125B will produce a flat jet, much like a linear shaped charge, but
at a much higher velocity, stretching laterally and longitudinally.
The transition from the conical profile section 122 to the
remaining wing-like extensions or flutes 125A and 125B of EW liner
105 is very gradual so as to maintain continuity between the rod
and spade portions of the jet.
[0077] The shaped charge body 110 has a frustoconical or boat
tailed portion 110B near the aft end of the shaped charge device
100 that begins at detonator holder 135 and increases in diameter
longitudinally to about the apex 108 of EW liner 105. The
cylindrical portion 110A of the body 110 begins at about the apex
108 of the EW liner 105 and extends longitudinally to the forward
end of device 100. The forward end of cylindrical portion 110A has
two planar symmetrical 110D portions, each with a cylindrical outer
face 110G, an inner parabolic flat face 110F and internal flat face
110E. The two internal parabolic flat faces 110F of the body begin
at the liner wing vertex 132A and 132B and end at wing arc ends
121A and 121B; faces 110F are symmetrical and parallel to each
other, and perpendicular with the wing collapse plane that is
centrally located and collinear with longitudinal axis 137 between
the two flat faces 110F.
[0078] Flat faces 110F and faces 110E of the shaped charge body
110D help confine the wing HE 140A and 140B portion of HE billet
115 by providing cavity closure between the flat faces 110F and the
liner parabolic faces 130A and 130B on each side of the wing-like
extensions or flutes 125A and 125B of the EW liner 105. The body
110 preferably tapers or boat tails smaller in some manner toward
the rearward end 110B from aft of the liner apex 108 toward the
detonator holder 135 minimizing the overall mass of HE billet 115,
reducing the amount of explosive by boat tailing body 110 increases
the charge efficiency without affecting the liner collapse
performance, and reduces unwanted collateral target damage from
excessive explosive mass.
[0079] The invention described and depicted herein produces a two
part stretching jet, the forward portion is a rod like asymmetric
jet and the aft portion is spread into a sheet like planar
symmetric shape reminiscent of the jetting of a linear shaped
charge. In order to achieve the greatest jet length and penetration
depth the jetting process of a shaped charge requires the liner
material to reach a high temperature during collapse, which allows
plastic flow of the collapsed liner material and produces a long
stretching jet. Since jet length and penetration are directly
proportional it is reasonable to make the greatest effort to
provide the longest and most robust jet possible.
[0080] The above description of the directions of the shaped charge
body and liner can be reversed whereby the axisymmetric jet is aft
of the spade jet, there can be multiple sections alternating from
axisymmetric and planar symmetric sections that produce alternating
spade rod spade rod jet. The sections making up a liner do not have
to have the same internal angle, thickness profile or material. The
internal angles of these sections can vary from 36 degrees to 120
degrees and still produce Munroe jetting, that is to say a ductile
jet having a velocity gradient from tip to tail. The arc length of
each wing as encompassed by radial lines radiating from the central
axis and intersecting each cord end of the arc of the wing can vary
from 90 to 140 degrees.
[0081] FIG. 2, FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C, and FIG. 2D illustrate a
EW liner 200 used in the device of the FIG. 1 embodiment, that
consist of a apex 208 toward the aft end of the full circumference
conical section "B" 222, and a partial circumference wing section
"C" 233 with base ends 220A and 220B, liner wing extensions 225A
and 225B, and wing base arc ends 221A and 221B toward the forward
end of EW liner 200. The liner wing extensions 225A and 225B extend
or protrude in a forward direction from section A 222 beginning at
wing vertex 232A and 232B and ending at the base ends 220A and
220B. Wing vertex 232A and 232B are positioned longitudinally at
vertical line 213 where the liner transitions from the full
circumference conical section B 222 into a partial circumference
conical or other shape wing section C 233. Liner wall 209 of
section B 222 and section C 233 can vary in thickness, curvature,
and included angle A can be increased or decreased to achieve
desired rod and spade jet velocities and mass.
[0082] The conical section B 222 and wing section C 233 share a
common longitudinal symmetrical axis 237, section C 233 also has a
horizontal collapse plane 245 in the 3 to 9 o'clock position and
vertical plane 246 in the 12 to 6 o'clock position they are
perpendicular to each other and intersect each other at symmetrical
axis 237. Section B 222 is axisymmetric or symmetrical about axis
237 in all radial planes for 360 degrees, whereas section C 233 has
two parabolic faces 230A and 230B that are planar symmetric about
vertical plane 246; and two extended wings 225A and 225B that are
planar symmetric about horizontal plane 245 and also axisymmetric
between the wing arc ends 221A and 221B about axis 237. The EW
liner 200 is a modified hollow cone, but could also be other
relative hollow shapes (i.e. hemisphere, trumpet, tulip), having
two opposing equal sections removed at the base end of the liner,
creating two extended wings like 225A and 225B and two parabolic
faces like 230A and 230B.
[0083] The absence of the two opposing equal liner wall sections at
the liner base end creates two equal 180 degree opposed liner wing
extensions 225A and 225B or flutes. The included angle A of the
hollow conical liner and the longitudinal length of the full
section B 222 portion of the liner determines the longitudinal wing
length from wing vertex 232A and 232B to the base end 220A and 220B
of the extended wings 225A and 225B or fluted portions of the liner
and thusly the amount of the liner wall 209 material that is
dedicated to producing the spade or flattened portion of the jet.
The longitudinal length of section B 222 and the extended wings
225A and 225B or flutes can be increased or decreased to achieve
the desired ratio of rod to spade length of the jet created from EW
liner 200. The thickness of the liner wall 209 can gradually
increase or decrease from the apex 208 to the base end 220A and
220B or anywhere along the wall length; a tapering liner wall 209
thickness will help balance the liner to HE mass ratio as the liner
cone diameter increases toward the base end 220A and 220B.
[0084] Liner thickness of shaped charges are dependent on the
overall diameter of the device, the liner wall 209 should increase
in thickness as the device diameter increases and decrease in
thickness as the device diameter decreases. Shaped charges scale
very nicely and for the person skilled in this art making this
device in any size would be evident based on the information given.
Shaped charges by their very nature have varying liner wall
thicknesses and profiles depending on liner material type, liner
density, the jet velocity required, and desired effect on a target.
The winged exterior of the liner 200 is 216 and the full conical
section of the liner 200 is 234. The EW liner 200 could be made
from many profiles including cones, tulips, trumpets,
hemispherical, etc. to accomplish desired effects on targets.
[0085] The axisymmetric wing extensions 225A and 225B curvature,
section C 233 of the Axilinear liner wall 209 material support the
convergence of material to create a high velocity flattened deep
penetrating spade jet on horizontal plane 245. The axisymmetric
curvature of the liner wings prevents the formation of a
conventional planar symmetric "V" shaped low velocity linear shaped
charge.
[0086] The combination of the hybrid axisymmetric and planar
symmetric EW liner 200 used in a precision Axilinear shaped charge
produces the necessary material convergence for a high velocity rod
and spade shaped stretching jet above 4.0 km/s that is capable of
producing deep hydrodynamic plastic target material penetrations
from a much lower HE to liner mass ratio than a conventional linear
shaped charge. The present invention avoids the problems associated
with conventional linear shaped charges having large explosive to
liner mass ratios; namely, the formation of low velocity (about 2.0
km/s) thin blade or ribbon jet that produce shallow target cuts
(mostly non-plastic erosion much like water jet cutting) from "V"
shaped planar symmetric liner walls.
[0087] The present invention is a high velocity precision shape
charge, which can be distinguished from conventional linear charges
that are non-precision low efficiency cutting charges, without
axisymmetric radial convergence. Two types of shaped charges
include an Axisymmetric shape charge and a Linear or planar
symmetric. An axisymmetric shaped charge is basically a hollow cone
or other similar shaped liner that is symmetric about a central
longitudinal axis. Liners are usually made from copper, although it
could be made of many other materials, having an explosive billet
to which the outside of the liner is exactly mated.
[0088] A Linear shaped charge, sometimes referred to as a line
charge, is essentially a V shaped straight hollow thin walled
trough backed on the outside of the V by an appropriately shaped
explosive mass. When detonated above the apex of the liner, this
linear shaped charge produces sheet or ribbon-like jetting. The
velocity from this type of shaped charge is in the 2-3 km/s range
with little or no velocity gradient and consequent shorter jet and
less penetration. The jetting occurring in this device is not
Munroe jetting as the collapse is only two dimensional (does not
have axisymmetric convergence) and does not reach the required
temperature for plastic flow to take place. As a further
recognition of the inefficiency of a conventional linear shaped
charge, the detonation wave does not reach the full length of the
liner apex simultaneously, this causes an undesirable dispersion of
the resulting spray of liner material and no real continuity to the
spray.
[0089] The jet produced by each Axilinear shaped charge in the
present invention is a stretching combination of a rod and spade
shaped like projectile having a velocity gradient from tip to tail,
tip velocity of the this jet could be as high as 10 km/s depending
on the included angle, charge to mass ratio, confinement, and shape
of the liner, jet tail velocities are about 2 km/s. The present
invention achieves higher velocity precision formation of an
explosive jet without the need to increase the explosive mass,
which would be required in the prior art conventional charge. The
present invention is much more efficient and effective in that
conventional linear charges cannot make precision deep target cuts
or penetrations like the claimed invention because of their large
HE to liner mass ratio, and typically, prior art shape charges
produce a wide cratering effect from the collateral damage of the
large amount of explosive which is avoided in the present
invention.
[0090] When the EW liner 200 wing extensions 225A and 225B are
collapsed to horizontal plane 245 the jet energy is spread
longitudinally forward and laterally outward over a larger spade
shaped area parallel to and centered on horizontal plane 245, and
upon target impact forms a plastic flowing region of jet and target
material, that produces an elongated slotted hole that is parallel
with horizontal plane 245 in the target material.
[0091] Since the liner wing extensions 225A and 225B are not
connected or confined on the two opposing sides with parabolic
faces 230A and 230B, the collapse of the liner wing extensions 225A
and 225B material will spread in the direction of no confinement
producing a flat spade shaped jet that stretches longitudinally on
axis 237 and widens laterally on horizontal plane 245; somewhat
like a linear shaped charge, but at a much higher velocity and
directionally controlled by horizontal plane 245 orientation about
axis 237. The liner wall 209 transition at vertical line 213 from
the axisymmetric section B 222 portion of the EW liner 200 to the
remaining axisymmetric and planar symmetric section C 233 is
gradual so as to maintain jet continuity between the rod and spade
portions of the jet.
[0092] Axisymmetric shaped charge liners come in cone,
hemispherical, trumpet, and tulip shapes, included liner angles
from 30 to 120 degrees and almost any base diameter within
manufacture capability, the hybrid axisymmetric planar symmetric or
Axilinear liner disclosure in this patent application intends to
include this wide variety of profiles as part and parcel of the
claims of this application.
[0093] For description purposes the Axilinear liner can be
sectioned at vertical line 213 shown in FIG. 2A, FIG. 2C, and FIG.
2D, with an aft full circumference conical section "B" 222, and
forward partial circumference wing section "C" 233, the aft section
B 222, being a full circumference of one of, or combination of the
liner profiles, cone, tulip, trumpet, hemispherical, or other. HE
detonation pressures on the full conical section B 222 produces an
axisymmetric rod like stretching jet with mass, length, stretch
rate, velocity, and time of flight of the jet proportional to the
length, included angle A, and liner wall 209 thickness of section B
222; and on impact produces a deep round target material
penetration.
[0094] The forward section C 233 consists of two less than full
circumference liner walls 209 extending beyond the end of section B
222, creating partial conical or curved wing extensions 225A and
225B, wing vertices 232A and 232B and parabolic faces 230A and 230B
that are symmetrically one hundred and eighty degrees apart. The
wing vertex 232A and 232B and flat parabolic faces 230A and 230B
are formed from the absence of material on two symmetrically
opposing sides of the base end of the conical profile.
[0095] The wing extensions 225A and 225B create an axisymmetric and
planar symmetric opposing partial radial hollow concavities on the
inside liner wall surface 217 as viewed from horizontal plane 245;
HE detonation pressures on these concavities provides a partial
radial convergence and work into the liner material to cause it to
rise in temperature and ductility causing plastic flow and
hydrodynamic jetting. The outer surface of liner 200 along the
winged extension 216 is shown in FIG. 2, while the outer surface of
the liner 200 in the full conical section 234 is also shown in FIG.
2.
[0096] The collapse of the wing extensions 225A and 225B of section
C 233 produces a wide planar symmetric stretching non round spade
shaped jet which cuts a deep slot rather than a round hole; the
mass, width, length, stretch rate, velocity, and time of flight of
the spade jet is directly proportional to the liner wall length of
section C 233, included angle A, and liner wall 209 thickness of
section C 233. If section C 233 is shortened and the overall length
"L" is unchanged section B 222 will become longer. Increasing the
length of section B 222 will increase the rod jet length, mass and
penetration depth, and will decrease the length, width, mass and
penetration depth of the spade jet; length adjustments to sections
B and C work in concert, when the rod jet is lengthened the spade
jet will be shortened and vice versa shortening the rod jet will
lengthen the spade jet.
[0097] FIG. 2B is a base end view of liner 200 that further
clarifies the liner construction and positions of the wing
extensions 225A and 225B to the descriptive planes. FIG. 2B shows
the wing extensions 225A and 225B at the 12 and 6 o'clock positions
with a horizontal plane 245 dividing the distance between the two
wings; and the flat parabolic faces 230A and 230B in the 3 and 9
o'clock positions with a vertical plane 246 dividing the distance
between the two parabolic faces.
[0098] Wing width "W" represents the width from parabolic face 230A
to face 230B, increasing the width W will make the wing arc length
or distance between the wing arc endpoints 221A longer and angle F
larger. Radial lines 203A and 203B that radiate from the central
axis to each wing arc end point 221A of wing 225A illustrate the
wing arc cord length 204A; the cord length can be increased or
decreased by changing arc angle F. Arc angle F of the wings 225A
and 225B can vary from 90 to 140 degrees but each wing on EW liner
must have the same angle F and cord length 204A and 204B to have
the symmetry needed for axisymmetric convergence of the wings.
[0099] FIG. 2C is a horizontal section view of EW liner 200 taken
along line 2C-2C of FIG. 2B showing an elevated view of wing 225B
and the inside liner surface 217, that further clarifies the
profile of section B 222 with included angle A and section C 233
with wing width W. If width W increases and angle A and the overall
length L is held constant the length of section C 233 and the
extended wings will become shorter, the horizontal line 213 will
move toward base end 220B and the length of section B 222 will
become longer which will increase the length of the rod jet.
Changing the length of section C 233 and section B 222 will change
the length ratio of rod to spade jet. To improve the liner to HE
mass ratio and rod jet performance liner wall thickness 209 may be
held constant or can taper by increasing or decreasing the wall
thickness 209 from apex 208 to wing vertex 232A and 232B.
[0100] FIG. 2D is a vertical section of EW liner taken along line
2D-2D of FIG. 2B showing an elevated view of the inside liner
surface 217 and parabolic face 230A that further clarifies the
profile of conical section B 222 and wing section C 233 with
included angle A. Conical section B 222 and wing section C 233 have
the same included angle A, and if angle A and the overall length L
is held constant and the length of wing section C 233 increases,
the vertical line 213 will move toward apex 208, which will
increase the length of the spade jet and will decrease the length
of the rod jet and vice versa if section C becomes shorter the
spade jet length will decrease and the rod jet will increase. To
improve the liner to HE mass ratio and spade jet performance, liner
wall thickness 209 may be held constant or can taper by increasing
or decreasing the wall thickness 209 from apex 208 to wing base end
220A and 220B.
[0101] FIG. 3 is an end view of the Axilinear shaped charge device
of the FIG. 1 embodiment, which shows the orientation of the EW
liner 305 wing extensions 325A and 325B in the 12 and 6 o'clock
position with a vertical plane 346 and a horizontal wing collapse
plane 345. An apex 308 with base ends 320A and 320B, liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B, and wing base arc ends 321A and 321B
toward the forward end of EW liner 300. The liner wing extensions
325A and 325B extend or protrude in a forward direction from
section A beginning at wing vertex and ending at the base ends 320A
and 320B. Wing vertex is positioned longitudinally where the liner
transitions from the full circumference conical section B into a
partial circumference conical or other shape wing section C. Liner
wall of section B and section C can vary in thickness, curvature,
and included angle A can be increased or decreased to achieve
desired rod and spade jet velocities and mass.
[0102] The conical section B and wing section C 333 share a common
longitudinal symmetrical axis, section C also has a horizontal
collapse plane 345 in the 3 to 9 o'clock position and vertical
plane 346 in the 12 to 6 o'clock position they are perpendicular to
each other and intersect each other at symmetrical axis. Section B
is axisymmetric or symmetrical about axis 337 in all radial planes
for 360 degrees, whereas section C has two parabolic faces that are
planar symmetric about vertical plane 346; and two extended wings
325A and 325B that are planar symmetric about horizontal plane 345
and also axisymmetric between the wing arc ends 321A and 321B about
axis 337. The EW liner 300 is a modified hollow cone, but could
also be hemisphere, trumpet, tulip shapes, each having two opposing
equal sections removed at the base end of the liner, creating two
extended wings like 325A and 325B and two parabolic faces like 310F
and 310F.
[0103] The absence of the two opposing equal liner wall sections at
the liner base end creates two equal 180 degree opposed liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B or flutes. The included angle A of the
hollow conical liner and the longitudinal length of the full
section B portion of the liner determines the longitudinal wing
length from wing vertex A to the base end 320A and 320B of the
extended wings 325A and 325B or fluted portions of the liner and
thusly the amount of the liner wall material that is dedicated to
producing the spade or flattened portion of the jet. The
longitudinal length of section B and the extended wings 325A and
325B or flutes can be increased or decreased to achieve the desired
ratio of rod to spade length of the jet created from EW liner 300.
The thickness of the liner wall can gradually increase or decrease
from the apex 308 to the base end 320A and 320B or anywhere along
the wall length; a tapering liner wall thickness will help balance
the liner to HE mass ratio as the liner cone diameter increases
toward the base end 220A and 220B.
[0104] EW liner 305 has a liner wall thickness that can remain
constant or gradually decrease in thickness from the aft apex 308
to the base end 320A and 320B. The charge body 310 has two flat
faced parabolic sides 310F in the 9 and 3 o'clock position that
have parabolic faces that geometrically match the EW liner 305
parabolic faces 330A and 330B, when coupled together these faces
make a tight fitting body and liner coupling that supports the EW
liner 305 wings and serves as containment for HE billet 315 along
the partial circumference portion of EW liner 305. There is no HE
or EW liner 305 material confinement laterally outside of the two
parabolic sides 310F.
[0105] After the collapse of full conical section B by HE section B
into a rod jet the curved wing-like extensions or flutes 325A and
325B of wing section C 333 are driven to horizontal plane 345 and
symmetrical axis 337 of the EW liner 305 by the HE section C with
wing explosive 340A and 340B, the colliding material forms a flat
blade shape jet instead of a round jet because of the lack of liner
material and HE confinement on the flat faced sides 310F that are
ninety degrees out of phase from the wing-like extensions or flutes
325A and 325B. The transition from conical section B to wing
section C is gradual which allows the spade jet to stay connected
to the forward rod jet as both portions of the jet stretch
longitudinally forward along axis 337; and because of the lack of
liner confinement on the two opposing parabolic faces 310F the
spade jet will widen laterally on horizontal plane 345 as it
stretches longitudinally forward with the forward rod jet. The body
area 310D at the forward end of cylindrical section 310A that
transitions from a cylindrical shape into two parallel flat
parabolic faces 310F that are planar symmetric to each other and
are coupled to the parabolic liner faces.
[0106] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B further clarify the shape and
orientation of HE billet 315 of the FIG. 3 embodiment and as shown
in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, respectively. The orientation of HE 315, axis
337 and horizontal plane 345 in FIG. 3A being the same as in FIG.
4; with the aft head height HE section "A" 338 and forward vertical
line 314, full circumference conical HE section "B" 339 being
located between aft vertical line 314 forward vertical line 313,
and HE section "C" with wing explosive 340A and 340B forward of
vertical line 313. The orientation of HE 315, axis 337 and
horizontal plane 345 in FIG. 3B being the same as in FIG. 6; with
the aft head height HE section A 338 and forward vertical line 314,
full circumference conical HE section B 339 located between aft
vertical line 314 and forward vertical line 313, and HE section C
with wing explosive 340A and 340B forward of vertical line 313.
[0107] Vertical line 313 and 314 of FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B share the
same longitudinal position with 313 and 314 as FIG. 4 and FIG. 6.
Vertical line 314 is located longitudinally at apex 308 of FIG. 4
and FIG. 6, and vertical line 313 is longitudinally located at wing
vertex of FIG. 4 and FIG. 6. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view
taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3 that extends from the aft end
detonator holder 336 through the fore radial midpoint of the
wing-like extensions or flutes 325A and 325B at the base end 320A
and 320B of EW liner 305 with an elevated view of parabolic flat
face 310F.
[0108] The lateral cross section of FIG. 4 along line 4-4 is
coincident with Axilinear device 300 symmetrical axis 337, and
extends perpendicular to the horizontal plane 345, which is also
coincident with axis 337 and equidistant from the wing-like
extensions or flutes 325A and 325B. EW liner 305 has a liner wall
thickness that can remain constant or gradually decrease in
thickness from the aft apex 308 to the base end 320A and 320B. The
charge body 310 has two flat faced parabolic sides 310F in the 9
and 3 o'clock position that have parabolic faces that geometrically
match the EW liner 305 parabolic faces 330A and 330B, when coupled
together these faces make a tight fitting body and liner coupling
that supports the EW liner 305 wings and serves as containment for
HE billet 315 along the partial circumference portion of EW liner
305. There is no HE or EW liner 305 material confinement laterally
outside of the two parabolic sides 310F.
[0109] As shown in FIG. 4, the Axilinear shaped charge device 300
consists of a body 310, EW liner 305, high explosive (HE) billet
315, having an axisymmetric aft area with detonator 336, detonator
holder 335, detonation initiation point 307, and liner apex 308,
and a axisymmetric as well as planar symmetric (Axilinear) fore
area that consists of liner extended wings 325A and 325B and liner
base ends 320A and 320B. Initiation of the HE billet of this novel
device can be achieved by any suitable readily available detonation
initiation devices.
[0110] Device 300 is axisymmetric or symmetrical about a
longitudinal axis 337 from the aft end near detonator 336 to the
middle liner wing vertex 332A and 332B of the EW liner 305; forward
of wing vertex 332A and 332B device 300 is Axilinear with two
symmetrical curved extended wings 325A and 325B being axisymmetric
with axis 337 and also planar symmetric about two central
perpendicular reference planes, a horizontal plane in the 3 and 9
o'clock positions, and a vertical plane in the 12 and 6 o'clock
positions.
[0111] Vertical line 313 and 314 of FIG. 3B and FIG. 3B share the
same longitudinal position with vertical line 313 and 314 in FIG. 4
and FIG. 6. Vertical line 314 is located longitudinally at apex 308
of FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, and vertical line 313 is longitudinally
located at wing vertex of FIG. 4 and FIG. 6. The vertical 12 and 6
o'clock reference plane (FIG. 2 vertical plane 246) is coincident
with axis 337 and passes through the middle of each extended wing
325A and 325B, the parabolic faces 330A and 330B are planar
symmetric or mirrored about this plane. The horizontal 3 and 9
o'clock reference plane (FIG. 2 horizontal collapse plane 245) is
coincident with axis 337 and passes through each wing vertex 332A
and 332B, this plane is also known as the wing collapse plane and
the wings 325A and 325B are planar symmetric or mirrored about this
plane. The jet produced by detonating an Axilinear shaped charge
device 300 is axisymmetric for the forward rod portion of the jet
and planar symmetric for the aft portion, this aft spade portion of
the jet being shaped somewhat like a linear shaped charge jet,
thusly named Axilinear.
[0112] The Axilinear shaped charge device 300 is shown with a
conical EW liner 305, other geometrical shaped (i.e. hemispherical,
tulip, or trumpet) hollow cavity formed liners with extended liner
wings can also be used. EW liner 305 has a full circumference
axisymmetric conical profile section 322 with included angle A that
is longitudinally between aft apex 308 and middle liner wing vertex
332A and 332B, and a Axilinear partial circumference wing section
333 toward the fore end with two symmetrically opposing conical
fluted wing extensions 325a and 325B with included angle A that
extend longitudinally from the middle liner wing vertex 332A and
332B to the forward liner base ends 320A and 320B.
[0113] The forward liner wing extensions 325A and 325B are
symmetrical to each other and positioned one hundred and eighty
degrees apart, opposing each other planar symmetrically about the
horizontal plane and is axisymmetric about longitudinal axis 337 of
the device. The absence of liner wall material on opposing sides of
the wing section 333 at the forward base end of the liner forms two
parabolic faces 330A and 330B that are parallel and symmetric with
each other about longitudinal axis 337 and the vertical plane. Both
liner parabolic faces 330A and 330B have a vertex at wing vertex
332A and 332B and open toward the base ends 320A and 320B with
parabolic end points at the wing arc ends 321A and 321B.
[0114] EW liner 305 maintains its conical profile and liner wall
309 thickness profile from aft end apex 308 of the full
circumference conical section 322 to wing vertex 332 and continues
with the same profile to the fore end of the extended wings 325A
and 325B at the base ends 320A and 320B of the partial
circumference wing section 333. Liner wall 309 transitions from a
full circumference conical profile at wing vertex 332A and 332 B
into 180 degree symmetrically opposing wing like or fluted
extensions 325A and 325B that extend from the full circumference
conical profile section 322 at wing vertex 332A and 332B to the
base end 320A and 320B of the liner.
[0115] The liner wing extensions 325A and 325B shown in FIG. 4
retain the same curvature, included angle A, and wall 309 thickness
profile as the full conical profile section 322 portion of the
liner; but the extended wings 325A and 325B could also have a
larger or smaller included angle A and wall thickness 309 than the
conical section 322, as long as they maintain planar symmetry to
one another. Being planar symmetric and having partial
circumference conical curvature allows the wing-like extensions or
flutes 325A and 325B to converge at very high pressures on the
collapse plane, raising the temperature and ductility of the
converging wing material to the required level for Munroe
jetting.
[0116] HE billet 315 can be pressed, cast or hand packed from any
commercially available high order explosive. HE billet 315 is in
intimate contact with the outer liner surface 316 of EW liner 305
from the aft apex 308 to the forward wing vertex 332A and 332B of
the conical profile section 322 and from the wing vertex 332A and
332B to the base ends 320A and 320B and wing arc ends 321A and 321B
of the wing section 333. HE billet 315 has three distinct sections,
a head height or aft HE section "A" 338 as measured longitudinally
between HE initiation point 307 and liner apex 308, a mid-section
or full conic HE section "B" 339 as measured longitudinally from
apex 308 to wing vertex 332A and 332B, that fully encompasses the
liner conical section 322, and forward HE section "C" that contains
two partial circumference wing HE sections 340A and 340B as
measured longitudinally from wing vertex 332A and 332B to base ends
320A and 320B that conform to the shape of the liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B.
[0117] HE section A 338 can be lengthened or shortened
longitudinally by increasing or decreasing the length of body 310,
greater head height gives a flatter detonation wave before it comes
in contact with the liner. Flatter detonation waves at time of
liner impact typically increase jet tip velocity and target
penetration, head height optimization is a balance between jet
performance and minimizing the explosive charge. The optimum head
height can be determined by computer code and live testing to
obtain the least amount HE volume needed to efficiently obtain
maximum jet mass, velocity and target penetration. A typical head
height for a conical lined shaped charge would be 1/2 inch space
permitting.
[0118] The shape and volume of HE section B 139 is defined by the
area between the inside surface 312 of body 310 and outside surface
316 of EW liner 305 from aft apex 308 to forward body face 310E
located at wing vertex 332A and 332B, and makes a full
circumference or revolution around liner section 322. The shape and
volume of the two symmetrical wing HE sections 340A and 340B of HE
section C 340 are defined by the area between the inside surface
312 of body 310 and outside surface 316 of EW liner 305 from aft
wing vertex 332A and 332B to forward base ends 320A and 320B, and
are partial circumference volumes about each wing between the wing
arc end points 321A and 321B. HE billet 315 can have a
super-caliber diameter (i.e. larger than the liner base diameter)
necessary for full convergence of the base end of the liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B to obtain maximum velocity and mass of the
spade jet.
[0119] The forward section C 333 consists of two less than full
circumference liner walls 309 extending beyond the end of section B
322, creating partial conical or curved wing extensions 325A and
325B, wing vertices 332A and 332B and parabolic faces 330A and 330B
that are symmetrically one hundred and eighty degrees apart. The
wing vertex 332A and 332B and flat parabolic faces 330A and 330B
are formed from the absence of material on two symmetrically
opposing sides of the base end of the conical profile. Wing arc
ends 321A and 321B are parabolic end points on the forward edge of
liner 305.
[0120] The wing extensions 325A and 325B create an axisymmetric and
planar symmetric opposing partial radial hollow concavities on the
inside liner wall surface 317; HE detonation pressures on these
concavities provides a partial radial convergence and work into the
liner material to cause it to rise in temperature and ductility
causing plastic flow and hydrodynamic jetting.
[0121] The collapse of the wing extensions 325A and 325B of section
C 333 produces a wide planar symmetric stretching non round spade
shaped jet which cuts a deep slot rather than a round hole; the
mass, width, length, stretch rate, velocity, and time of flight of
the spade jet is directly proportional to the liner wall length of
section C 333, included angle A, and liner wall 309 thickness of
section C 333. If section C 333 is shortened and the overall length
"L" is unchanged section B 322 will become longer. Increasing the
length of section B 322 will increase the rod jet length, mass and
penetration depth, and will decrease the length, width, mass and
penetration depth of the spade jet; length adjustments to sections
B and C work in concert, when the rod jet is lengthened the spade
jet will be shortened and vice versa shortening the rod jet will
lengthen the spade jet.
[0122] During collapse of the liner full conical section 322, liner
material radially converges along the longitudinal axis 337 into a
rod jet from the detonation of HE section A 338 and HE section B
339; the collapse of full conical section 322 is followed by the
collapse of the extended liner wings 325A and 325B of the partial
circumference section 333 into a spade jet from the detonation of
wing HE sections 340A and 340B of HE section C. Wing HE sections
340A and 340B are coupled to the outer liner surface 316 of each
wing from the aft wing vertex 332A and 332B to the forward wing
base ends 320A and 320B and the wing arc ends 321A to 321B.
[0123] The radial curvature of the opposing liner wing extensions
325A and 325B provides the radial material convergence during
collapse needed to raise the temperature and pressure of the
collapsed liner material, to the required level for plastic flow
and Monroe jetting to occur, this increases the ductility allowing
for longer jet breakup length. During collapse, the full conical
section 322 of the liner will form a axisymmetric rod jet along the
longitudinal axis 337 followed by the concave liner wing extensions
325A and 325B being driven to a common collapse plane by HE 340A
and 340B, the colliding wing extensions material will form into a
high velocity flat planar symmetric spade shape jet.
[0124] As the collapsed wing extensions material moves forward
along longitudinal axis 337 it also spreads laterally outward
forming the spade shaped jet along the horizontal collapse plane.
The formation of the spade jet is due to the absence of liner
material, explosive and confinement on the liner sides with the two
flat parabolic faces 330A and 330B that are adjacent to and ninety
degrees out of phase from the flutes or wing extensions 325A and
325B. The orientation of device 300 can be rotated about axis 337
and the spade jet orientation will rotate equally in the same
direction, if device 300 is rotated 45 degrees clockwise about axis
337 the collapse plane will also rotate 45 degrees clockwise and
the spade jet will stretch longitudinally forward on axis 337 and
laterally along the rotated collapse plane.
[0125] The EW liner 305 is the working material of the shaped
charge and is mounted to body 310 at the forward end of device 300,
at the base ends 320A and 320B of the liner wing extensions 325A
and 325B; and adjacent to the wings the liner parabolic faces 330A
and 330B are mounted to the body 310 parabolic faces 310F. Body 310
consist of four distinct areas, a aft cylindrical area 310C that
provides mounting for an initiation device that is coupled to the
aft end of HE 315, followed by a boat tailed area 310B that
contains the HE section A 338, followed by cylindrical area 310A
that contains HE section B 339 that is coupled to the full conical
liner section 322; and HE section C containing wing sections 340A
and 304B that are coupled to the extended wings of liner section
333, and body area 310D at the forward end of cylindrical section
310A that transitions from a cylindrical shape into two parallel
flat parabolic faces 310F that are planar symmetric to each other
and are coupled to the parabolic liner faces 330A and 330B.
[0126] Body area 310D has two functions, it provides two opposing
side mounting faces 310F for the liner extended wings and also has
flat faces 310E that is the forward containment boundary of HE
section 339; this boundary is located at wing vertex 332A and 332B,
and is also the liner wing transition point from the full
circumference conical section 322 to the extended wing section 333.
The containment of HE pressures during the detonation time period
by body area 310D is important for proper collapse of the wings and
spade jet formation. Shape charge liners for the most part are made
from copper but liners may be made from most any metal, ceramic,
powdered metals, tungsten, silver, copper, glass or combination of
many materials. Body 310 would typically be made from aluminum or
steel but could be made of almost any metal or plastic as long as
it provides the correct amount of tamping for proper jet formation
and desired jet velocity during the detonation of HE billet
315.
[0127] The EW liner 305 is a modified cone or other shape with two
distinct geometrical sections, the aft end of the liner is a full
conical profile section 322 with an apex 308, followed by the
forward end wing section 333 with two liner wing extensions 325A
and 325B that extend forward from the full conical or other shape
profile section 322 at wing vertex 332A and 332B to the wing base
ends 320A and 320B at the fore end of EW liner 305. The liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B maintain the same included angle A liner
wall 309 thickness profile and curvature of the full conical
profile section 322.
[0128] The included angle A of EW liner 305 needed to obtain Munroe
effect jetting should be from 36 to 120 degrees. The jet velocity
achieved from a shaped charge is dependent on the liner wall 309
thickness and included angle A of the liner; a narrower included
angle results in a faster less massive jet, and a wider included
angle results in a slower more massive jet. Jet velocities can vary
from 4 to 10 km/s depending on the type and quality of liner
material, included angle A of the liner, liner wall 309 thickness,
the charge to mass ratio of HE to liner, bulk density of the liner,
surface finish of the liner wall, and body geometries; very small
changes of any of these variables can make large differences in jet
velocity and trajectory.
[0129] The HE billet 315 is contained between the inner surface 312
of body 310 and the outer surface 316 of the EW liner 305. HE
billet 315 provides the energy to collapse the EW liner 305,
increasing the ductility of the EW liner 305 material, causing it
to form a compound jet in the shape of a very high speed rod jet
from the full conical section 322 material followed by a flattened
spade shaped jet from the liner wing section 333 material; the
spade jet is slower than the rod jet from conical section 322 but
much faster than a typical "V" shaped liner found in common linear
shaped charge because of the cavity of the wing section 333.
[0130] Body 310 provides a mounting surface for EW liner 305 which
is held to body 310 at the liner base ends 320A and 320B and at the
parabolic faces 330A and 330B. The base end of EW liner 305 does
not form a full circumference; it consists of two opposing concave
surfaces or wing extensions 325A and 325B and the corresponding
wing base ends 320A and 320B at the forward end of the liner. Body
310 also serves as a containment vessel for the delicate HE billet
315 and protects it from damage or impact by supporting the outer
diameter of HE billet 315. Body 310 also provides tamping for the
HE billet 315 depending on body wall 306 thickness and material
density, HE tamping can be increased or decreased if needed to
improve jet performance or reduce total HE mass.
[0131] The purpose of removing the base end material on
symmetrically opposing sides of EW liner 305 and creating the
wing-like extensions 325A and 325B is twofold. The first purpose is
to form the partial circumference conical wing-like extensions or
flutes 325A and 325B and when collapsed converge to form the flat
aft spade shaped portion of the jet; the flattened spade jet
spreads laterally and erodes an elongated slot in target material.
The second purpose being to allow for close lateral proximity of
multiple adjacent devices resulting in multiple tightly spaced rod
and intersecting spade jet perforations, creating a large coupled
slotted target perforation.
[0132] Since the EW liner 305 material is not being confined along
the two removed portions of the liner at parabolic faces 330A and
330B, the collapse of the wing-like extensions or flutes 325A and
325B will produce a flat jet, much like a linear shaped charge, but
at a much higher velocity, stretching laterally and longitudinally.
The transition from the conical profile section 322 to the
remaining wing-like extensions or flutes 325A and 325B of EW liner
305 is very gradual so as to maintain continuity between the rod
and spade portions of the jet.
[0133] The shaped charge body 310 has a frustoconical or boat
tailed portion 310B near the aft end of the shaped charge device
300 that begins at detonator holder 335 and increases in diameter
longitudinally to about the apex 308 of EW liner 305. The
cylindrical portion 310A of the body 310 begins at about the apex
308 of the EW liner 305 and extends longitudinally to the forward
end of device 300. The forward end of cylindrical portion 310A has
two planar symmetrical 310D portions, each with a cylindrical outer
face 310G, an inner parabolic flat face 310F and internal flat face
310E. The two internal parabolic flat faces 310F of the body begin
at the liner wing vertex 332A and 332B and end at wing arc ends
321A and 321B; faces 310F are symmetrical and parallel to each
other, and perpendicular with the wing collapse plane that is
centrally located and collinear with longitudinal axis 337 between
the two flat faces 310F.
[0134] Flat faces 310F and faces 310E of the shaped charge body
310D help confine the wing HE 340A and 340B portion of HE billet
315 by providing cavity closure between the flat faces 310F and the
liner parabolic faces 330A and 330B on each side of the wing-like
extensions or flutes 325A and 325B of the EW liner 305. The body
310 preferably tapers or boat tails smaller in some manner toward
the rearward end 310B from aft of the liner apex 308 toward the
detonator holder 335 minimizing the overall mass of HE billet 315,
reducing the amount of explosive by boat tailing body 310 increases
the charge efficiency without affecting the liner collapse
performance, and reduces unwanted collateral target damage from
excessive explosive mass.
[0135] The invention described and depicted herein produces a two
part stretching jet, the forward portion is a rod like asymmetric
jet and the aft portion is spread into a sheet like planar
symmetric shape reminiscent of the jetting of a linear shaped
charge. In order to achieve the greatest jet length and penetration
depth the jetting process of a shaped charge requires the liner
material to reach a high temperature during collapse, which allows
plastic flow of the collapsed liner material and produces a long
stretching jet. Since jet length and penetration are directly
proportional it is reasonable to make the greatest effort to
provide the longest and most robust jet possible.
[0136] The above description of the directions of the shaped charge
body and liner can be reversed whereby the axisymmetric jet is aft
of the spade jet, there can be multiple sections alternating from
axisymmetric and planar symmetric sections that produce alternating
spade rod spade rod jet. The sections making up a liner do not have
to have the same internal angle, thickness profile or material. The
internal angles of these sections can vary from 36 degrees to 120
degrees and still produce Munroe jetting, that is to say a ductile
jet having a velocity gradient from tip to tail. The arc length of
each wing as encompassed by radial lines radiating from the central
axis and intersecting each cord end of the arc of the wing can vary
from 90 to 140 degrees.
[0137] An apex 308 toward the aft end of the full circumference
conical section "B" 322, and a partial circumference wing section
"C" 333 with base ends 320A and 320B, liner wing extensions 325A
and 325B, and wing base arc ends 321A and 321B toward the forward
end of EW liner 300. The liner wing extensions 325A and 325B extend
or protrude in a forward direction from section A 322 beginning at
wing vertex 332A and 332B and ending at the base ends 320A and
320B. Wing vertex 332A and 332B are positioned longitudinally at
vertical line 313 where the liner transitions from the full
circumference conical section B 322 into a partial circumference
conical or other shape wing section C 333. Liner wall 309 of
section B 322 and section C 333 can vary in thickness, curvature,
and included angle A can be increased or decreased to achieve
desired rod and spade jet velocities and mass.
[0138] The conical section B 322 and wing section C 333 share a
common longitudinal symmetrical axis 337, section C 333 also has a
horizontal collapse plane 345 in the 3 to 9 o'clock position and
vertical plane 346 in the 12 to 6 o'clock position they are
perpendicular to each other and intersect each other at symmetrical
axis 337. Section B 322 is axisymmetric or symmetrical about axis
337 in all radial planes for 360 degrees, whereas section C 333 has
two parabolic faces 330A and 330B that are planar symmetric about
vertical plane 346; and two extended wings 325A and 325B that are
planar symmetric about horizontal plane 345 and also axisymmetric
between the wing arc ends 321A and 321B about axis 337. The EW
liner 300 is a modified hollow cone, but could also be other
relative hollow shapes (i.e. hemisphere, trumpet, tulip), having
two opposing equal sections removed at the base end of the liner,
creating two extended wings like 325A and 325B and two parabolic
faces like 330A and 330B.
[0139] The absence of the two opposing equal liner wall sections at
the liner base end creates two equal 180 degree opposed liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B or flutes. The included angle A of the
hollow conical liner and the longitudinal length of the full
section B 322 portion of the liner determines the longitudinal wing
length from wing vertex 332A and 332B to the base end 320A and 320B
of the extended wings 325A and 325B or fluted portions of the liner
and thusly the amount of the liner wall 309 material that is
dedicated to producing the spade or flattened portion of the jet.
The longitudinal length of section B 322 and the extended wings
325A and 325B or flutes can be increased or decreased to achieve
the desired ratio of rod to spade length of the jet created from EW
liner 300. The thickness of the liner wall 309 can gradually
increase or decrease from the apex 308 to the base end 320A and
320B or anywhere along the wall length; a tapering liner wall 309
thickness will help balance the liner to HE mass ratio as the liner
cone diameter increases toward the base end 320A and 320B.
[0140] After the collapse of full conical section B 322 by HE
section B into a rod jet the curved wing-like extensions or flutes
325A and 325B of wing section C 333 are driven to horizontal plane
345 and symmetrical axis 337 of the EW liner 305 by the HE section
C with wing explosive 340A and 340B, the colliding material forms a
flat blade shape jet instead of a round jet because of the lack of
liner material and HE confinement on the flat faced sides 310F that
are ninety degrees out of phase from the wing-like extensions or
flutes 325A and 325B. The transition from conical section B 322 to
wing section C 333 is gradual which allows the spade jet to stay
connected to the forward rod jet as both portions of the jet
stretch longitudinally forward along axis 337; and because of the
lack of liner confinement on the two opposing parabolic faces 310F
the spade jet will widen laterally on horizontal plane 345 as it
stretches longitudinally forward with the forward rod jet.
[0141] The horizontal plane 345 of the wing section C 333 is seen
as a horizontal longitudinal line that is coincident with
symmetrical axis 337 in FIG. 4. Horizontal plane 345 is where the
liner material of the two 180 degree opposing extended axisymmetric
and planar symmetric wing extensions 325A and 325B of EW liner 305
will converge from the detonation pressures of HE section C with
wing explosive 340A and 340B forming the spade jet 342 shown in
FIG. 5. Horizontal plane 345 also represents the orientation and
direction of the wide lateral cross-section of spade jet 342, which
are coplanar and coincident to each other. The liner wing
extensions 325 of FIG. 4 and the view of jet 301 of FIG. 5 are
correctly oriented to each other to represent the collapse of the
EW liner 305 from this viewpoint, the spade jet 342 is seen as a
thin section along symmetrical axis 337 and horizontal plane 345
that decreases in thickness from the aft end spade jet tail 349 to
the forward end rod/spade transition point 348 where it is
connected to the aft end of rod jet 343. Jet 301 would form within
the hollow cavity of EW liner 305 of device 300 and at some time
after liner collapse would eventually stretch past the base end
325A and 325B, it is shown in FIG. 5 fully outside of and to the
right of the device for easier viewing.
[0142] Body 310 contains and protects HE billet 315 and provides a
mounting surface for EW liner 305 at its base ends 320A and 320B.
The HE billet 315 detonation is initiated by any suitable
commercially available detonator 336 on the device symmetrical axis
337 at initiation point 307. With respect to the longitudinal
symmetrical axis 337 of device 300, the liner full circumference
conical section B 322 is aft of wing vertex 332A and the liner wing
section C 333 is forward of the wing vertex 332A. The jet 301
produced by device 300 has three distinct regions and shapes; a
high velocity 7-9 km/s round axisymmetric rod jet 343 with forward
jet tip 344 and aft rod/spade jet transition point 348, followed by
a lower velocity 4-7 km/s planar symmetric flattened spade jet 342
mid-section and jet tail 349, followed by the slug separation area
347 and a low velocity 1/2 km/s slug 350.
[0143] The forward axisymmetric rod jet 343 in FIG. 5 is formed
from the conical section B 322 of EW liner 305 that starts at apex
308 and ends at the wing vertex 332A of the parabolic flat face
330A. At wing vertex 332A the conical section B 322 of the liner
transitions into the wing section C 333 with two opposing concave
liner wing extensions 325A and 325B or flutes, formed due to the
liner side truncation. The aft spade jet 342 is formed from the
collapse of the liner wing section C 333 opposing liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B portions of EW liner 305. The aft spade
jet 342 being flat and wide, similar to a conventional linear
shaped charge jet but more massive, directionally controllable and
at a much higher velocity, thus the Axilinear name. The amount of
liner material designated to the aft and forward portions of the
combination spade and rod jet can be adjusted by shortening or
lengthening conical section B 322 and wing section C 333 of EW
liner 305 to give differing lengths and widths of rod and spade
shaped jet sections.
[0144] In FIG. 5, the jet 301 consists of an aft slug 350, spade
jet tail 349, spade jet 342, rod/spade jet transition point 348,
rod jet 343, and forward jet tip 344. Jet and slug velocities,
angle of projection, thickness, spade blade width and length of
both jet sections can vary depending on device 300 design. The
forward longitudinal velocity of jet 301 is greatest at jet tip 344
and has a velocity gradient from the forward end jet tip 344 to the
aft end spade jet tail 349. Jet 301velocity and the velocity
gradient are factors of device design, type of explosive, and the
type of material used to make EW liner 305. Amongst many other
design factors of device reducing the liner included angle A will
increase jet velocity and the velocity gradient. The jet velocity
gradient and material ductility directly affects the stretch rate
of jet 301 and ultimately the length and width of both the rod jet
343 and spade jet 342 portions of jet 301, higher velocity
gradients will result in a thinner and longer jet. This depiction
of the jet is at a finite time after the detonation of device. The
jet at an earlier time frame after detonation of HE billet 315
would be shorter in length and thicker, at a later time it would
have stretched forward becoming longer and thinner because of the
velocity gradient and ductile stretching of the EW liner 305
material.
[0145] The longitudinal depiction of jet 301 in FIG. 5 has the
forward jet tip 344 and rod jet 343 on the right hand side of aft
spade jet 342 with a middle jet transition point 348. The jet
transition point 348 is where the material contributed to rod jet
343 from the collapse of the conical section B ends and the spade
jet 342 material contributed by the collapse of wing section C 333
begins. The FIG. 5 jet orientation is an edge view of spade jet 342
and collapse plane 345 which is the thinnest cross-section of the
spade and the result of the liner wings 325A and 325B of FIG. 3
being in the 6 and 12 o'clock positions. The spade portion of jet
301 in FIG. 5 is slightly thicker at the aft end jet tail 349 with
a thinning cross-section toward the foreword end jet transition
point 348 this is due to stretching from a higher velocity forward
end, matching the rod jet thickness due to the longitudinal jet
stretch rate.
[0146] The jet 301 is formed from the collapse of EW liner 305
caused by a detonation shock wave and converging pressure toward
symmetrical axis 337 from detonating HE billet 315, that is
traveling longitudinally from aft HE initiation point 307 to
forward base ends 320A and 320B of device. As the detonation wave
created from detonating HE billet 315 progresses from the aft end
HE section A 338 forward to HE section B 339 of device it first
collapses the section B of EW liner 305 starting at apex 308 and
continuing forward to vertex 332A and 332B creating the rod jet 343
portion of jet 301, the collapse and jetting from section B of the
liner resembles that of a typical axisymmetric conical lined shaped
charge. As the detonation wave moves forward of wing vertex 332A
and 332B the HE section C wing explosive 340A and 340B collapse the
extended wings 325A and 325B of section C 333 starting at vertex
332A and 332B and ending at base end 320A and 320B forming the
spade jet 342 portion of jet 301. Both rod and spade portions of
jet 301 stretch and elongate longitudinally forward along axis 337
and spade portion 342 also widens laterally on plane 345; as time
progresses after initial detonation and collapse of EW liner 305,
and at some elongation length and time after collapse the higher
velocity rod and spade jet will break free of the collapsed liner
mass. The remaining liner mass becomes a lower velocity slug 350
represented by slug separation area 347.
[0147] FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line 6-6
of FIG. 3 that further illustrate the embodiment of FIG. 1 with an
elevated view of collapse plane 345, the inside liner surface 317
and EW liner wing 325B. That is, the orientation of HE 315, axis
337 and horizontal plane 345 in FIG. 3B being the same as in FIG.
6; with the aft head height HE section A 338 and forward vertical
line 314, full circumference conical HE section B 339 located
between aft vertical line 314 and forward vertical line 313, and HE
section C with wing explosive 340A and 340B forward of vertical
line 313. The FIG. 6 cross-sectional cut taken along line 6-6 of
FIG. 3 is coincident with vertical collapse plane 345 which
intersects the axis of symmetry 337 that extends longitudinally
through the middle of device 300 from the aft detonator holder 335
to the fore base end 320B of EW liner 305. FIG. 6 further clarifies
how body 310, 310D and parabolic flat face 310F contain HE billet
315 and provide mounting surfaces for EW liner 305.
[0148] As shown in FIG. 6, the Axilinear shaped charge device 300
consists of a body 310, EW liner 305, high explosive (HE) billet
315, having an axisymmetric aft area with detonator 336, detonator
holder 335, detonation initiation point 307, and liner apex 308,
and a axisymmetric as well as planar symmetric (Axilinear) fore
area that consists of liner extended wings 325A and 325B and liner
base ends 320A and 325B. Initiation of the HE billet of this novel
device can be achieved by any suitable readily available detonation
initiation devices.
[0149] Device 300 is axisymmetric or symmetrical about a
longitudinal axis 337 from the aft end near detonator 336 to the
middle liner wing vertex 332A and 332B of the EW liner 305; forward
of wing vertex 332A and 332B device 300 is Axilinear with two
symmetrical curved extended wings 325A and 325B being axisymmetric
with axis 337 and also planar symmetric about two central
perpendicular reference planes, a horizontal plane in the 3 and 9
o'clock positions, and a vertical plane in the 12 and 6 o'clock
positions.
[0150] Vertical line 313 of FIG. 3B share the same longitudinal
position with HE 313 in FIG. 6. Vertical line 313 is longitudinally
located at wing vertex of FIG. 4. The vertical 12 and 6 o'clock
reference plane (FIG. 2 vertical plane 246) is coincident with axis
337 and passes through the middle of each extended wing 325A and
325B, the parabolic faces 330A and 330B are planar symmetric or
mirrored about this plane. The horizontal 3 and 9 o'clock reference
plane (FIG. 2 horizontal collapse plane 245) is coincident with
axis 337 and passes through each wing vertex 332A and 332B, this
plane is also known as the wing collapse plane and the wings 325A
and 325B are planar symmetric or mirrored about this plane. The jet
produced by detonating an Axilinear shaped charge device 300 is
axisymmetric for the forward rod portion of the jet and planar
symmetric for the aft portion, this aft spade portion of the jet
being shaped somewhat like a linear shaped charge jet, thusly named
Axilinear.
[0151] The Axilinear shaped charge device 300 is shown with a
conical EW liner 305, other geometrical shaped (i.e. hemispherical,
tulip, or trumpet) hollow cavity formed liners with extended liner
wings can also be used. EW liner 305 has a full circumference
axisymmetric conical profile section 322 with included angle A that
is longitudinally between aft apex 308 and middle liner wing vertex
332A and 332B, and a Axilinear partial circumference wing section
333 toward the fore end with two symmetrically opposing conical
fluted wing extensions 325a and 325B with included angle A that
extend longitudinally from the middle liner wing vertex 332A and
332B to the forward liner base ends 320A and 320B.
[0152] The forward liner wing extensions 325A and 325B are
symmetrical to each other and positioned one hundred and eighty
degrees apart, opposing each other planar symmetrically about the
horizontal plane and is axisymmetric about longitudinal axis 337 of
the device. The absence of liner wall material on opposing sides of
the wing section 333 at the forward base end of the liner forms two
parabolic faces 330A and 330B that are parallel and symmetric with
each other about longitudinal axis 337 and the vertical plane. Both
liner parabolic faces 330A and 330B have a vertex at wing vertex
332A and 332B and open toward the base ends 320A and 320B with
parabolic end points at the wing arc ends 321A and 321B. Forward
body face 310E is located at wing vertex 332A and 332B, and fills
the face hollow concavity 310F.
[0153] EW liner 305 maintains its conical profile and liner wall
309 thickness profile from aft end apex 308 of the full
circumference conical section 322 to wing vertex 332 and continues
with the same profile to the fore end of the extended wings 325A
and 325B at the base ends 320A and 320B of the partial
circumference wing section 333. Liner wall 309 transitions from a
full circumference conical profile at wing vertex 332A and 332 B
into 180 degree symmetrically opposing wing like or fluted
extensions 325A and 325B that extend from the full circumference
conical profile section 322 at wing vertex 332A and 332B to the
base end 320A and 320B of the liner.
[0154] The liner wing extensions 325A and 325B shown in FIG. 6
retain the same curvature, included angle A, and wall 309 thickness
profile as the full conical profile section 322 portion of the
liner; but the extended wings 325A and 325B could also have a
larger or smaller included angle A and wall thickness 309 than the
conical section 322, as long as they maintain planar symmetry to
one another. Being planar symmetric and having partial
circumference conical curvature allows the wing-like extensions or
flutes 325A and 325B to converge at very high pressures on the
collapse plane, raising the temperature and ductility of the
converging wing material to the required level for Munroe
jetting.
[0155] HE billet 315 can be pressed, cast or hand packed from any
commercially available high order explosive. HE billet 315 is in
intimate contact with the outer liner surface 316 of EW liner 305
from the aft apex 308 to the forward wing vertex 332A and 332B of
the conical profile section 322 and from the wing vertex 332A and
332B to the base ends 320A and 320B and wing arc ends 321A and 321B
of the wing section 333. HE billet 315 has three distinct sections,
a head height or aft HE section "A" 338 as measured longitudinally
between HE initiation point 307 and liner apex 308, a mid-section
or full conic HE section "B" 339 as measured longitudinally from
apex 308 to wing vertex 332A and 332B, that fully encompasses the
liner conical section 322, and forward HE section "C" that contains
two partial circumference wing HE sections 340A and 340B as
measured longitudinally from wing vertex 332A and 332B to base ends
320A and 320B that conform to the shape of the liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B.
[0156] HE section A 338 can be lengthened or shortened
longitudinally by increasing or decreasing the length of body 310,
greater head height gives a flatter detonation wave before it comes
in contact with the liner. Flatter detonation waves at time of
liner impact typically increase jet tip velocity and target
penetration, head height optimization is a balance between jet
performance and minimizing the explosive charge. The optimum head
height can be determined by computer code and live testing to
obtain the least amount HE volume needed to efficiently obtain
maximum jet mass, velocity and target penetration. A typical head
height for a conical lined shaped charge would be 1/2 inch space
permitting.
[0157] The shape and volume of HE section B 139 is defined by the
area between the inside surface 312 of body 310 and outside surface
316 of EW liner 305 from aft apex 308 to forward body face 310E
located at wing vertex 332A and 332B, and makes a full
circumference or revolution around liner section 322. The shape and
volume of the two symmetrical wing HE sections 340A and 340B of HE
section C 340 are defined by the area between the inside surface
312 of body 310 and outside surface 316 of EW liner 305 from aft
wing vertex 332A and 332B to forward base ends 320A and 320B, and
are partial circumference volumes about each wing between the wing
arc end points 321A and 321B. HE billet 315 can have a
super-caliber diameter (i.e. larger than the liner base diameter)
necessary for full convergence of the base end of the liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B to obtain maximum velocity and mass of the
spade jet.
[0158] The forward section C 333 consists of two less than full
circumference liner walls 309 extending beyond the end of section B
322, creating partial conical or curved wing extensions 325A and
325B, wing vertices 332A and 332B and parabolic faces 330A and 330B
that are symmetrically one hundred and eighty degrees apart. The
wing vertex 332A and 332B and flat parabolic faces 330A and 330B
are formed from the absence of material on two symmetrically
opposing sides of the base end of the conical profile. The wing
extensions 325A and 325B create an axisymmetric and planar
symmetric opposing partial radial hollow concavities on the inside
liner wall surface 317; HE detonation pressures on these
concavities provides a partial radial convergence and work into the
liner material to cause it to rise in temperature and ductility
causing plastic flow and hydrodynamic jetting.
[0159] The collapse of the wing extensions 325A and 325B of section
C 333 produces a wide planar symmetric stretching non round spade
shaped jet which cuts a deep slot rather than a round hole; the
mass, width, length, stretch rate, velocity, and time of flight of
the spade jet is directly proportional to the liner wall length of
section C 333, included angle A, and liner wall 309 thickness of
section C 333. If section C 333 is shortened and the overall length
"L" is unchanged section B 322 will become longer. Increasing the
length of section B 322 will increase the rod jet length, mass and
penetration depth, and will decrease the length, width, mass and
penetration depth of the spade jet; length adjustments to sections
B and C work in concert, when the rod jet is lengthened the spade
jet will be shortened and vice versa shortening the rod jet will
lengthen the spade jet.
[0160] During collapse of the liner full conical section 322, liner
material radially converges along the longitudinal axis 337 into a
rod jet from the detonation of HE section A 338 and HE section B
339; the collapse of full conical section 322 is followed by the
collapse of the extended liner wings 325A and 325B of the partial
circumference section 333 into a spade jet from the detonation of
wing HE sections 340A and 340B of HE section C. Wing HE sections
340A and 340B are coupled to the outer liner surface 316 of each
wing from the aft wing vertex 332A and 332B to the forward wing
base ends 320A and 320B and the wing arc ends 321A to 321B.
[0161] The radial curvature of the opposing liner wing extensions
325A and 325B provides the radial material convergence during
collapse needed to raise the temperature and pressure of the
collapsed liner material, to the required level for plastic flow
and Monroe jetting to occur, this increases the ductility allowing
for longer jet breakup length. During collapse the full conical
section 322 of the liner will form an axisymmetric rod jet along
the longitudinal axis 337 followed by the concave liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B being driven to a common collapse plane by
HE 340A and 340B, the colliding wing extensions material will form
into a high velocity flat planar symmetric spade shape jet.
[0162] As the collapsed wing extensions material moves forward
along longitudinal axis 337 it also spreads laterally outward
forming the spade shaped jet along the horizontal collapse plane.
The formation of the spade jet is due to the absence of liner
material, explosive and confinement on the liner sides with the two
flat parabolic faces 330A and 330B that are adjacent to and ninety
degrees out of phase from the flutes or wing extensions 325A and
325B. The orientation of device 300 can be rotated about axis 337
and the spade jet orientation will rotate equally in the same
direction, if device 300 is rotated 45 degrees clockwise about axis
337 the collapse plane will also rotate 45 degrees clockwise and
the spade jet will stretch longitudinally forward on axis 337 and
laterally along the rotated collapse plane.
[0163] The EW liner 305 is the working material of the shaped
charge and is mounted to body 310 at the forward end of device 300,
at the base ends 320A and 320B of the liner wing extensions 325A
and 325B; and adjacent to the wings the liner parabolic faces 330A
and 330B are mounted to the body 310 parabolic faces 310F. Body 310
consist of four distinct areas, a aft cylindrical area 310C that
provides mounting for an initiation device that is coupled to the
aft end of HE 315, followed by a boat tailed area 310B that
contains the HE section A 338, followed by cylindrical area 310A
that contains HE section B 339 that is coupled to the full conical
liner section 322; and HE section C containing wing sections 340A
and 304B that are coupled to the extended wings of liner section
333, and body area 310D at the forward end of cylindrical section
310A that transitions from a cylindrical shape into two parallel
flat parabolic faces 310F that are planar symmetric to each other
and are coupled to the parabolic liner faces 330A and 330B.
[0164] Body area 310D has two functions, it provides two opposing
side mounting faces 310F for the liner extended wings and also has
flat faces 310E that is the forward containment boundary of HE
section 339; this boundary is located at wing vertex 332A and 332B,
and is also the liner wing transition point from the full
circumference conical section 322 to the extended wing section 333.
The containment of HE pressures during the detonation time period
by body area 310D is important for proper collapse of the wings and
spade jet formation. Shape charge liners for the most part are made
from copper but liners may be made from most any metal, ceramic,
powdered metals, tungsten, silver, copper, glass or combination of
many materials. Body 310 would typically be made from aluminum or
steel but could be made of almost any metal or plastic as long as
it provides the correct amount of tamping for proper jet formation
and desired jet velocity during the detonation of HE billet
315.
[0165] The EW liner 305 is a modified cone or other shape with two
distinct geometrical sections, the aft end of the liner is a full
conical profile section 322 with an apex 308, followed by the
forward end wing section 333 with two liner wing extensions 325A
and 325B that extend forward from the full conical or other shape
profile section 322 at wing vertex 332A and 332B to the wing base
ends 320A and 320B at the fore end of EW liner 305. The liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B maintain the same included angle A liner
wall 309 thickness profile and curvature of the full conical
profile section 322.
[0166] The included angle A of EW liner 305 needed to obtain Munroe
effect jetting should be from 36 to 120 degrees. The jet velocity
achieved from a shaped charge is dependent on the liner wall 309
thickness and included angle A of the liner; a narrower included
angle results in a faster less massive jet, and a wider included
angle results in a slower more massive jet. Jet velocities can vary
from 4 to 10 km/s depending on the type and quality of liner
material, included angle A of the liner, liner wall 309 thickness,
the charge to mass ratio of HE to liner, bulk density of the liner,
surface finish of the liner wall, and body geometries; very small
changes of any of these variables can make large differences in jet
velocity and trajectory.
[0167] The HE billet 315 is contained between the inner surface 312
of body 310 and the outer surface 316 of the EW liner 305. HE
billet 315 provides the energy to collapse the EW liner 305,
increasing the ductility of the EW liner 305 material, causing it
to form a compound jet in the shape of a very high speed rod jet
from the full conical section 322 material followed by a flattened
spade shaped jet from the liner wing section 333 material; the
spade jet is slower than the rod jet from conical section 322 but
much faster than a typical "V" shaped liner found in common linear
shaped charge because of the cavity of the wing section 333.
[0168] Body 310 provides a mounting surface for EW liner 305 which
is held to body 310 at the liner base ends 320A and 320B and at the
parabolic faces 330A and 330B. The base end of EW liner 305 does
not form a full circumference; it consists of two opposing concave
surfaces or wing extensions 325A and 325B and the corresponding
wing base ends 320A and 320B at the forward end of the liner. Body
310 also serves as a containment vessel for the delicate HE billet
315 and protects it from damage or impact by supporting the outer
diameter of HE billet 315. Body 310 also provides tamping for the
HE billet 315 depending on body wall 306 thickness and material
density, HE tamping can be increased or decreased if needed to
improve jet performance or reduce total HE mass.
[0169] The purpose of removing the base end material on
symmetrically opposing sides of EW liner 305 and creating the
wing-like extensions 325A and 325B is twofold. The first purpose is
to form the partial circumference conical wing-like extensions or
flutes 325A and 325B and when collapsed converge to form the flat
aft spade shaped portion of the jet; the flattened spade jet
spreads laterally and erodes an elongated slot in target material.
The second purpose being to allow for close lateral proximity of
multiple adjacent devices resulting in multiple tightly spaced rod
and intersecting spade jet perforations, creating a large coupled
slotted target perforation.
[0170] Since the EW liner 305 material is not being confined along
the two removed portions of the liner at parabolic faces 330A and
330B, the collapse of the wing-like extensions or flutes 325A and
325B will produce a flat jet, much like a linear shaped charge, but
at a much higher velocity, stretching laterally and longitudinally.
The transition from the conical profile section 322 to the
remaining wing-like extensions or flutes 325A and 325B of EW liner
305 is very gradual so as to maintain continuity between the rod
and spade portions of the jet.
[0171] The shaped charge body 310 has a frustoconical or boat
tailed portion 310B near the aft end of the shaped charge device
300 that begins at detonator holder 335 and increases in diameter
longitudinally to about the apex 308 of EW liner 305. The
cylindrical portion 310A of the body 310 begins at about the apex
308 of the EW liner 305 and extends longitudinally to the forward
end of device 300. The forward end of cylindrical portion 310A has
two planar symmetrical 310D portions, each with a cylindrical outer
face 310G, an inner parabolic flat face 310F and internal flat face
310E. The two internal parabolic flat faces 310F of the body begin
at the liner wing vertex 332A and 332B and end at wing arc ends
321A and 321B; faces 310F are symmetrical and parallel to each
other, and perpendicular with the wing collapse plane that is
centrally located and collinear with longitudinal axis 337 between
the two flat faces 310F.
[0172] Flat faces 310F and faces 310E of the shaped charge body
310D help confine the wing HE 340A and 340B portion of HE billet
315 by providing cavity closure between the flat faces 310F and the
liner parabolic faces 330A and 330B on each side of the wing-like
extensions or flutes 325A and 325B of the EW liner 305. The body
310 preferably tapers or boat tails smaller in some manner toward
the rearward end 310B from aft of the liner apex 308 toward the
detonator holder 335 minimizing the overall mass of HE billet 315,
reducing the amount of explosive by boat tailing body 310 increases
the charge efficiency without affecting the liner collapse
performance, and reduces unwanted collateral target damage from
excessive explosive mass.
[0173] The invention described and depicted herein produces a two
part stretching jet, the forward portion is a rod like asymmetric
jet and the aft portion is spread into a sheet like planar
symmetric shape reminiscent of the jetting of a linear shaped
charge. In order to achieve the greatest jet length and penetration
depth the jetting process of a shaped charge requires the liner
material to reach a high temperature during collapse, which allows
plastic flow of the collapsed liner material and produces a long
stretching jet. Since jet length and penetration are directly
proportional it is reasonable to make the greatest effort to
provide the longest and most robust jet possible.
[0174] The above description of the directions of the shaped charge
body and liner can be reversed whereby the axisymmetric jet is aft
of the spade jet, there can be multiple sections alternating from
axisymmetric and planar symmetric sections that produce alternating
spade rod spade rod jet. The sections making up a liner do not have
to have the same internal angle, thickness profile or material. The
internal angles of these sections can vary from 36 degrees to 120
degrees and still produce Munroe jetting, that is to say a ductile
jet having a velocity gradient from tip to tail. The arc length of
each wing as encompassed by radial lines radiating from the central
axis and intersecting each cord end of the arc of the wing can vary
from 90 to 140 degrees.
[0175] An apex 308 toward the aft end of the full circumference
conical section "B" 322, and a partial circumference wing section
"C" 333 with base ends 320A and 320B, liner wing extensions 325A
and 325B, and wing base arc ends 321A and 321B toward the forward
end of EW liner 300. The liner wing extensions 325A and 325B extend
or protrude in a forward direction from section A 322 beginning at
wing vertex 332A and 332B and ending at the base ends 320A and
320B. Wing vertex 332A and 332B are positioned longitudinally at
vertical line 313 where the liner transitions from the full
circumference conical section B 322 into a partial circumference
conical or other shape wing section C 333. Liner wall 309 of
section B 322 and section C 333 can vary in thickness, curvature,
and included angle A can be increased or decreased to achieve
desired rod and spade jet velocities and mass.
[0176] The conical section B 322 and wing section C 333 share a
common longitudinal symmetrical axis 337, section C 333 also has a
horizontal collapse plane 345 in the 3 to 9 o'clock position and
vertical plane 346 in the 12 to 6 o'clock position they are
perpendicular to each other and intersect each other at symmetrical
axis 337. Section B 322 is axisymmetric or symmetrical about axis
337 in all radial planes for 360 degrees, whereas section C 333 has
two parabolic faces 330A and 330B that are planar symmetric about
vertical plane 346; and two extended wings 325A and 325B that are
planar symmetric about horizontal plane 345 and also axisymmetric
between the wing arc ends 321A and 321B about axis 337. The EW
liner 300 is a modified hollow cone, but could also be other
relative hollow shapes (i.e. hemisphere, trumpet, tulip), having
two opposing equal sections removed at the base end of the liner,
creating two extended wings like 325A and 325B and two parabolic
faces like 330A and 330B.
[0177] The absence of the two opposing equal liner wall sections at
the liner base end creates two equal 180 degree opposed liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B or flutes. The included angle A of the
hollow conical liner and the longitudinal length of the full
section B 322 portion of the liner determines the longitudinal wing
length from wing vertex 332A and 332B to the base end 320A and 320B
of the extended wings 325A and 325B or fluted portions of the liner
and thusly the amount of the liner wall 309 material that is
dedicated to producing the spade or flattened portion of the jet.
The longitudinal length of section B 322 and the extended wings
325A and 325B or flutes can be increased or decreased to achieve
the desired ratio of rod to spade length of the jet created from EW
liner 300. The thickness of the liner wall 309 can gradually
increase or decrease from the apex 308 to the base end 320A and
320B or anywhere along the wall length; a tapering liner wall 309
thickness will help balance the liner to HE mass ratio as the liner
cone diameter increases toward the base end 320A and 320B.
[0178] After the collapse of full conical section B 322 by HE
section B into a rod jet the curved wing-like extensions or flutes
325A and 325B of wing section C 333 are driven to horizontal plane
345 and symmetrical axis 337 of the EW liner 305 by the HE section
C with wing explosive 340A and 340B, the colliding material forms a
flat blade shape jet instead of a round jet because of the lack of
liner material and HE confinement on the flat faced sides 310F that
are ninety degrees out of phase from the wing-like extensions or
flutes 325A and 325B. The transition from conical section B 322 to
wing section C 333 is gradual which allows the spade jet to stay
connected to the forward rod jet as both portions of the jet
stretch longitudinally forward along axis 337; and because of the
lack of liner confinement on the two opposing parabolic faces 310F
the spade jet will widen laterally on horizontal plane 345 as it
stretches longitudinally forward with the forward rod jet.
[0179] Vertical plane 345 is the convergence plane where the
explosively driven liner material of the 180 degree opposing
concave liner wing extensions 325A and 325B (only one wing 325B can
be viewed from the FIG. 6 cross sectional elevated view) of EW
liner 305 will converge and form spade jet 342 of FIG. 7. The liner
wing extensions 325A and 325B are planar symmetric to each other
about vertical plane 345, and the orientation of the resultant
spade jet 342 of FIG. 7, at a given time post detonation, is
correctly oriented to represent the collapse of the EW liner 305
from the view point of FIG. 6. The jet consists of a slug 350, slug
separation area 347, spade jet tail 349, spade jet 342, spade/rod
jet transition point 348, rod jet 343, and jet tip 344. This
depiction of the jet is at a finite time after the detonation of
the device, since the jet has a velocity gradient from tip to tail
the longer the time of flight after detonation the longer will be
the resulting jet.
[0180] In the singular use of the Axilinear device 300, HE billet
315 detonation is initiated at initiation point 307, the HE billet
315 detonation wave advances from HE section A 338 forward to HE
section B 339 toward the front of the device collapsing the EW
liner 305 full conical section B 322 forming rod jet 343 followed
by the collapse of extended wings 325A and 325B of section C 333 by
the detonation of HE section C wing explosive 340A and 340B forming
the wide flattened spade jet 342.
[0181] After the collapse of full conical section B 322 by HE
section B into a rod jet the curved wing-like extensions or flutes
325A and 325B of wing section C 333 are driven to horizontal plane
345 and symmetrical axis 337 of the EW liner 305 by the HE section
C with wing explosive 340A and 340B, the colliding material forms a
flat blade shape jet instead of a round jet because of the lack of
liner material and HE confinement on the flat faced sides 310F that
are ninety degrees out of phase from the wing-like extensions or
flutes 325A and 325B. The transition from conical section B 322 to
wing section C 333 is gradual which allows the spade jet to stay
connected to the forward rod jet as both portions of the jet
stretch longitudinally forward along axis 337; and because of the
lack of liner confinement on the two opposing parabolic faces 310F
the spade jet will widen laterally on horizontal plane 345 as it
stretches longitudinally forward with the forward rod jet.
[0182] The horizontal plane 345 of the wing section C 333 is seen
as a horizontal longitudinal line that is coincident with
symmetrical axis 337 in FIG. 4. Horizontal plane 345 is where the
liner material of the two 180 degree opposing extended axisymmetric
and planar symmetric wing extensions 325A and 325B of EW liner 305
will converge from the detonation pressures of HE section C with
wing explosive 340A and 340B forming the spade jet 342 shown in
FIG. 5. Horizontal plane 345 also represents the orientation and
direction of the wide lateral cross-section of spade jet 342, which
are coplanar and coincident to each other. The liner wing
extensions 325 of FIG. 4 and the view of jet 301 of FIG. 5 are
correctly oriented to each other to represent the collapse of the
EW liner 305 from this viewpoint, the spade jet 342 is seen as a
thin section along symmetrical axis 337 and horizontal plane 345
that decreases in thickness from the aft end spade jet tail 349 to
the forward end rod/spade transition point 348 where it is
connected to the aft end of rod jet 343. Jet 301 would form within
the hollow cavity of EW liner 305 of device 300 and at some time
after liner collapse would eventually stretch past the base end
325A and 325B, it is shown in FIG. 5 fully outside of and to the
right of the device for easier viewing.
[0183] Body 310 contains and protects HE billet 315 and provides a
mounting surface for EW liner 305 at its base ends 320A and 320B.
The HE billet 315 detonation is initiated by any suitable
commercially available detonator 336 on the device symmetrical axis
337 at initiation point 307. With respect to the longitudinal
symmetrical axis 337 of device 300, the liner full circumference
conical section B 322 is aft of wing vertex 332A and the liner wing
section C 333 is forward of the wing vertex 332A. The jet 301
produced by device 300 has three distinct regions and shapes; a
high velocity 7-9 km/s round axisymmetric rod jet 343 with forward
jet tip 344 and aft rod/spade jet transition point 348, followed by
a lower velocity 4-7 km/s planar symmetric flattened spade jet 342
mid-section and jet tail 349, followed by the slug separation area
347 and a low velocity 1/2 km/s slug 350.
[0184] The forward axisymmetric rod jet 343 in FIG. 5 is formed
from the conical section B 322 of EW liner 305 that starts at apex
308 and ends at the wing vertex 332A of the parabolic flat face
330A. At wing vertex 332A the conical section B 322 of the liner
transitions into the wing section C 333 with two opposing concave
liner wing extensions 325A and 325B or flutes, formed due to the
liner side truncation. The aft spade jet 342 is formed from the
collapse of the liner wing section C 333 opposing liner wing
extensions 325A and 325B portions of EW liner 305. The aft spade
jet 342 being flat and wide, similar to a conventional linear
shaped charge jet but more massive, directionally controllable and
at a much higher velocity, thus the Axilinear name. The amount of
liner material designated to the aft and forward portions of the
combination spade and rod jet can be adjusted by shortening or
lengthening conical section B 322 and wing section C 333 of EW
liner 305 to give differing lengths and widths of rod and spade
shaped jet sections.
[0185] In FIG. 7, the jet 301 consists of an aft slug 350, spade
jet tail 349, spade jet 342, rod/spade jet transition point 348,
rod jet 343, and forward jet tip 344. Jet and slug velocities,
angle of projection, thickness, spade blade width and length of
both jet sections can vary depending on device design. The forward
longitudinal velocity of jet 301 is greatest at jet tip 344 and has
a velocity gradient from the forward end jet tip 344 to the aft end
spade jet tail 349. Jet 301 velocity and the velocity gradient are
factors of device design, type of explosive, and the type of
material used to make EW liner. Amongst many other design factors
of device reducing the liner included angle A will increase jet
velocity and the velocity gradient. The jet velocity gradient and
material ductility directly affects the stretch rate of jet 301 and
ultimately the length and width of both the rod jet 343 and spade
jet 342 portions of jet 301, higher velocity gradients will result
in a thinner and longer jet. This depiction of the jet is at a
finite time after the detonation of device. The jet at an earlier
time frame after detonation of HE billet would be shorter in length
and thicker, at a later time it would have stretched forward
becoming longer and thinner because of the velocity gradient and
ductile stretching of the EW liner material.
[0186] The longitudinal depiction of jet 301 in FIG. 5 has the
forward jet tip 344 and rod jet 343 on the right hand side of aft
spade jet 342 with a middle jet transition point 348. The jet
transition point 348 is where the material contributed to rod jet
343 from the collapse of the conical section B ends and the spade
jet 342 material contributed by the collapse of wing section C 333
begins. The FIG. 5 jet orientation is an edge view of spade jet 342
and collapse plane 345 which is the thinnest cross-section of the
spade and the result of the liner wings of FIG. 3 being in the 6
and 12 o'clock positions. The spade portion of jet 301 in FIG. 5 is
slightly thicker at the aft end jet tail 349 with a thinning
cross-section toward the foreword end jet transition point 348 this
is due to stretching from a higher velocity forward end, matching
the rod jet thickness due to the longitudinal jet stretch rate.
[0187] The jet 301 is formed from the collapse of EW liner caused
by a detonation shock wave and converging pressure toward
symmetrical axis from detonating HE billet, which travels
longitudinally from aft HE initiation point to forward base ends of
device. As the detonation wave created from detonating HE billet
progresses from the aft end HE section A forward to HE section B of
device it first collapses the section B of EW liner starting at
apex and continuing forward to vertex creating the rod jet 343
portion of jet 301, the collapse and jetting from section B of the
liner resembles that of a typical axisymmetric conical lined shaped
charge. As the detonation wave moves forward of wing vertex the HE
section C wing explosive 340A and 340B collapse the extended wings
of section C starting at vertex and ending at base end forming the
spade jet 342 portion of jet 301. Both rod and spade portions of
jet 301 stretch and elongate longitudinally forward along axis and
spade portion 342 also widens laterally on plane 345; as time
progresses after initial detonation and collapse of EW line, and at
some elongation length and time after collapse the higher velocity
rod and spade jet will break free of the collapsed liner mass. The
remaining liner mass becomes a lower velocity slug 350 represented
by slug separation area 347.
[0188] FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 illustrate a target 400 with a hole
profile made by the combination rod/spade jet from the detonation
of Axilinear device of FIG. 6. The vertical elongated hole 425
shown in FIG. 8 on target surface 440 is made by the spade portion
of the jet and the circular deep perforation 430 is made by the rod
portion of the jet following detonation of an Axilinear device of
FIG. 6. Elongated hole 425 will be wider by a factor of two or
greater, than the charge diameter CD of the FIG. 1 embodiment when
detonated at a given optimal 2-3 CD standoff from target surface
440. The bottom face 428 of elongated slot 425 is where the spade
jet hydrodynamic penetration stops and the circular deep
perforation 430 is centered on the bottom face 428. Multiple
Axilinear devices can also be combined into a circular, polygonal,
linear, splined or other patterned array to produce very large
connected target penetrations.
[0189] FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 9-9 of
FIG. 8 that further illustrates the wide elongated hole 425 in
target material 420 made by the spade jet that is proceeded by a
large deep circular hole 430 at its center made by the rod jet.
Vertical line 9-9 is coplanar with the collapse plane of the
extended wing portion of the FIG. 6 embodiment. FIG. 10 is a
horizontal sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 8 that
further illustrates the cavities made by the jet of the embodied
FIG. 1 device in target 400, in this section view we see the narrow
view of the slot made by the spade jet followed by the deep hole
430 made by the rod jet. Line 10-10 is perpendicular to the
collapse plane of the spade jet. Longer or shorter standoffs of the
FIG. 1 embodied device with the target surface 440 will lengthen or
shorten the slot 425 width and depth. The cavity in target 400 is
what would be expected if the target material 420 was a metal or
other material with properties similar to metal, much larger
cavities with many surrounding fractures would be expected in a
masonry or rock like material.
[0190] FIGS. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 show some possible
variations of the FIG. 2 Axilinear liner embodiment that can be
implemented in the FIG. 1 embodied device 100 to modify the spade
jet width, length, velocity and mass.
[0191] FIG. 12 is a base end view of EW liner 500 a diverging
variation with diverging extended wings. FIG. 13 is a vertical
sectional view taken along line 13-13 of FIG. 12 illustrating the
diverging extended wings 525A and 525B with an included angle B of
the partial circumference wing section 533 being greater than
included angle A of the full circumference conical section 522.
FIG. 14 further clarifies the construction of the diverging EW
liner 500. EW Linear 500 has all the main features and
characteristics of the FIG. 2 embodiment with the addition of a
diverging wing section 533 that has a included angle B wider than
the conical section 522 included angle
[0192] EW Linear 500 has a full conical section 522 with an aft
apex 508, included angle A, conical length L2 and forward wing apex
532A at vertical line 513. Namely, EW Liner 501 has a full conical
section 522 with an aft apex 508, included angle A, conical length
L2 and forward wing apex 532A at vertical line 513. Wing section
533 begins at vertical line 513 with two extended wings 525A and
525B protruding forward, flat parabolic faces 530A and 530B, wing
length L1, and forward base ends 520A and 520B. The liner wall 509
transition at radial line 513 from the aft axisymmetric conical
section 522 portion of the EW liner 500 to the remaining forward
axisymmetric and planar symmetric wing section 533 is a gradual
transition of the two sections at radial line 513 so as to maintain
jet continuity between the rod and spade jets. The purpose of
diverging wings is to decrease the velocity of the spade portion of
the jet and increase its mass. EW liner 500 wings included angle B
can be between 30 and 120 degrees and still produce viable spade
jetting.
[0193] FIGS. 15, 16, and 17 illustrate a EW liner 501 variation
with converging extended wings 525A and 525B with an section 533
with an included angle B less than included angle A of conical
section 522. FIG. 15 is a base end view of the EW liner 501
converging variation with converging extended wings 525A and 525B.
FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 16-16 of FIG.
15 illustrating the converging extended wings 525A and 525B with an
included angle B of the partial circumference wing section 533
being less than included angle A of the full circumference conical
section 522. FIG. 17 further clarifies the construction of the
converging EW liner 501.
[0194] EW Liner 501 has all the main features and characteristics
of the FIG. 2 embodiment except having a narrower included angle B
of a converging wing section 533 than the conical section 522
included angle A. Namely, EW Liner 501 has a full conical section
522 with an aft apex 508, included angle A, conical length L2 and
forward wing apex 532A at vertical line 513. Wing section 533
begins at vertical line 513 with two extended wings 525A and 525B
protruding forward, flat parabolic faces 530A and 530B, wing length
L1, and forward base ends 520A and 520B. The liner wall 509
transition at vertical line 513 from the aft axisymmetric conical
section 522 portion of the EW liner 501 to the remaining forward
axisymmetric and planar symmetric wing section 533 is a gradual
transition of the two sections at radial line 513 so as to maintain
jet continuity between the rod and spade jets. The purpose of
diverging wings is to increase the velocity of the spade portion of
the jet and decrease its mass. EW liner 501 wings included angle B
can be between 30 and 120 degrees and still produce viable spade
jetting.
[0195] FIG. 18-21 illustrate an alternative embodiment of a liner
variation liner 1500 that is placed into a shaped charge device
housing, body, explosive billet, and detonator as described and
shown above with respect to FIG. 1, 3A-B, 4, 6 (and related
figures), including all components, configurations, and possible
modifications and variations thereof. Namely, each shaped charge
device is configured in a manner where each shaped charge "a shaped
charge" is an explosive device, having a shaped liner, driven by a
similarly shaped mating explosive billet, having an initiation
device, the necessary containment, confinement and retention of the
liner to the explosive billet.
[0196] The result of detonation of this device is a high speed
stream of material produced from the convergence of the liner
driven by the explosive. This is commonly known as the Munroe
Effect. The shape and size of this stream of material commonly
called a jet, is dependent on the starting shape and size of the
liner and explosive billet.
[0197] Half pipe liner 1500 has a parabolic apex or pole 1505
toward the aft end, a "V" notch 1515 on each side of the concave
wings 1510 toward the fore end, and liner base end 1520 on each
wing. Liner 1500 resembles two angled half sections of thin walled
pipe butted together at the apex or pole 1505 and when properly
driven by a high explosive will produce a spade shaped stretching
Munroe jet that erodes a deep elongated hole in a target.
[0198] Liner 1500 has two planer symmetric opposing equal wing 1510
sections of material at the aft base end of the liner, and two 180
degree opposed "V" shaped notches 1515. The absence of the material
in the V notches 1515 at the liner base end creates two equal 180
degree opposed liner concave extended wings 1510. Liner wall
thickness of shaped charges are scaled to the overall diameter of
the device, the liner wall 1525 should increase in thickness as the
device diameter increases and decrease in thickness as the device
diameter decreases.
[0199] Shaped charges have varying wall thicknesses and profiles
depending on the desired effect on a target. The liner wall 1525
can vary or taper in thickness from the aft apex 1505 to the
forward base end 1520 and can be thicker near the base end but can
also be thinner at the base end 1520 than apex 1505 if needed, wall
thickness and taper is application dependent. Liner 1500 could be
made from many profiles including cones, tulips, trumpets,
hemispherical, or other shapes to accomplish desired effects on
targets.
[0200] The half pipe line 1500 produces a purely planar symmetric
jet by convergence of symmetric opposing equal wing 1510 section
and the opposed "V" shaped notches 1515 on the sides of the liner
1500, which produces a planar symmetric stretching wide and round
jet which cuts a slot rather than a round hole as produced by the
rod portion of the jet.
[0201] More particularly, the half pipe liner 1500 can be
implemented with the non-liner components of the shape charge unit
shown and described in FIG. 1, 3A-B, 4, 6 (and related figures),
where the shaped charge device 100 consist of a body 110, EW liner
105, high explosive (HE) billet 115, having an axisymmetric aft
area with detonator 136, detonator holder 135, detonation
initiation point 107. Initiation of the HE billet of this novel
device can be achieved by any suitable readily available detonation
initiation devices.
[0202] The half pipe liner 1500 can be implemented with the
non-liner components of the shape charge unit shown and described
in FIG. 1, 3A-B, 4, 6 (and related figures), where HE billet 115
can be pressed, cast or hand packed from any commercially available
high order explosive. HE billet 115 is in intimate contact with the
outer liner surface 116 of liner 1500. HE billet 115 has three
distinct sections, a head height or aft HE section "A" 138 as
measured longitudinally between HE initiation point 107 and liner
apex 1505, a mid-section or parabolic HE section "B" 139 as
measured longitudinally from apex 1505 to wing vertex 1515 that
fully encompasses the liner parabolic section, and forward HE
section "V" that contains two partial circumference wing HE
sections 1510 as measured longitudinally from wing vertex 1515 to
forward base ends 1520 the liner wing extensions.
[0203] HE section A 138 can be lengthened or shortened
longitudinally by increasing or decreasing the length of body 110,
greater head height gives a flatter detonation wave before it comes
in contact with the liner. Flatter detonation waves at time of
liner impact typically increase jet tip velocity and target
penetration, head height optimization is a balance between jet
performance and minimizing the explosive charge. The optimum head
height can be determined by computer code and live testing to
obtain the least amount HE volume needed to efficiently obtain
maximum jet mass, velocity and target penetration. A typical head
height for a conical lined shaped charge would be 1/2 inch space
permitting.
[0204] The half pipe liner 1500 can be implemented with the
non-liner components of the shape charge unit shown and described
in FIG. 1, 3A-B, 4, 6 (and related figures), where the shape and
volume of HE section B 139 is defined by the area between the
inside surface 112 of body 110 and outside surface 116 of EW liner
105 from aft apex 108 to forward body face 110E located at wing
vertex 1515 (second winged section), and makes a full circumference
or revolution around a first parabolic liner section. The shape and
volume of the two symmetrical wing HE sections 1510 of HE section C
is defined by the area between the inside surface of body 110 and
outside surface 116 of liner 1500. HE billet 115 can have a
super-caliber diameter (i.e. larger than the liner base diameter)
necessary for full convergence of the base end of the liner wing
extensions to obtain maximum velocity and mass of the spade
jet.
[0205] The wing extensions 1510 create a planar symmetric opposing
partial radial hollow concavities on the inside liner wall surface;
and as the HE billet detonates, the pressures on these concavities
provides a partial radial convergence and work into the liner
material to cause it to rise in temperature and ductility causing
plastic flow and hydrodynamic jetting. The collapse of the wing
extensions 1510 produces a wide planar symmetric spade shaped jet
which cuts a deep slot rather than a round hole; the mass, width,
length, stretch rate, velocity, and time of flight of the spade jet
is directly proportional to the liner wall length included angle C,
and liner wall thickness. If section C is shortened and the overall
length "L" is unchanged section B will become longer. Increasing
the length of section B will increase the rod jet length, mass and
penetration depth, and will decrease the length, width, mass and
penetration depth of the spade jet; length adjustments to sections
B and C work in concert, when the rod jet is lengthened the spade
jet will be shortened and vice versa shortening the rod jet will
lengthen the spade jet.
[0206] As the collapsed wing extensions material moves forward
along longitudinal axis it also spreads laterally outward forming
the spade shaped jet along the horizontal collapse plane. The
formation of the spade jet is due to the absence of liner material,
explosive and confinement on the liner sides with the two flat
parabolic faces that are adjacent to and ninety degrees out of
phase from the flutes or wing extensions 1510. The orientation of
liner 1500 can be rotated about axis and the spade jet orientation
will rotate equally in the same direction. For example, if the
liner 1500 is rotated 45 degrees clockwise about the axis, the
collapse plane will also rotate 45 degrees clockwise and the spade
jet will stretch longitudinally forward on axis and laterally along
the rotated collapse plane.
[0207] The included angle C of liner 1500 is needed to obtain
Munroe effect jetting should be from 36 to 120 degrees. The jet
velocity achieved from a shaped charge is dependent on the liner
wall 109 thickness and included angle C of the liner; a narrower
included angle results in a faster less massive jet, and a wider
included angle results in a slower more massive jet. Jet velocities
can vary from 4 to 10 km/s depending on the type and quality of
liner material, included angle A of the liner, liner wall 109
thickness, the charge to mass ratio of HE to liner, bulk density of
the liner, surface finish of the liner wall, and body geometries;
very small changes of any of these variables can make large
differences in jet velocity and trajectory.
[0208] The half pipe liner 1500 can be implemented with the
non-liner components of the shape charge unit shown and described
in FIG. 1, 3A-B, 4, 6 (and related figures), where the HE billet
115 is contained between the inner surface 112 of body 110 and the
outer surface 116 of the EW liner 105. HE billet 115 provides the
energy to collapse the EW liner 105, increasing the ductility of
the EW liner 105 material, causing it to form a compound jet in the
shape of a very high speed rod jet from the full conical section
122 material followed by a flattened spade shaped jet from the
liner wing section 133 material; the spade jet is slower than the
rod jet from conical section 122 but much faster than a typical "V"
shaped liner found in common linear shaped charge because of the
cavity of the wing section 133.
[0209] The invention described and depicted herein produces a
portion that is spread into a sheet like planar symmetric shape
reminiscent of the jetting of a linear shaped charge. In order to
achieve the greatest jet length and penetration depth the jetting
process of a shaped charge requires the liner material to reach a
high temperature during collapse, which allows plastic flow of the
collapsed liner material and produces a long stretching jet. Since
jet length and penetration are directly proportional it is
reasonable to make the greatest effort to provide the longest and
most robust jet possible.
[0210] The material of liner 1500 during collapse will produce a
spade shaped jet, and the absence of explosive forces and material
confinement about the "V" notches 1515 will force the liner
material of the liner wall 1525 to spread much wider than the
un-notched aft portion of the liner. Curvature of the liner concave
flutes 1510 provides the necessary ductility to form a high speed
stretching spade shaped jet from the collapsed liner material. This
jet being spade shaped, stretching and high speed, produces a deep
elongated hole in the target. Angle C of the liner walls can be
between 36 and 120 degrees depending on desired jet
characteristics.
[0211] It is also possible, the inventor that multiple follow on
devices of the same size can be sequentially delivered into the
hole, in a semi-infinite target, and their cumulative penetrations
are taken advantage of, to extend this hole to extreme depths in
any direction such as in oil well stimulation. Each time a charge
is detonated in a hole such as oil or gas bearing formations the
shock and concussion from the explosive will fracture the formation
around it. Further as the high pressure gasses from the explosive
dissipate a low pressure volume is created in the perforation hole
inviting the formation pressure into the hole and clearing the hole
surface of any debris or coating.
[0212] Shaped charge liners come in many shapes, angles and sizes,
the disclosure in this patent application intends this wide variety
of options (as shown in figure section) as part and parcel of the
claims of this application. The liner 1500 embodiment can be used
in a single device or an array of devices in a linear or peripheral
path, which can be circular, polygonal, linear or a curved spline.
The liner array can be made of individual devices as shown in FIG.
1 and FIG. 5 or a single liner array as shown in the FIG. 11 linear
array and the FIG. 13 circular array. While the invention has been
particularly shown and described with respect to preferred
embodiments, it will be readily understood that minor changes in
the details of the invention may be made without departing from the
spirit of the invention. Having described the invention, we
claim:
* * * * *