U.S. patent application number 15/355706 was filed with the patent office on 2017-03-09 for method and apparatus for accommodating higher order modulation in wireless communication.
This patent application is currently assigned to InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc.. Invention is credited to Paul Marinier, Diana Pani, Benoit Pelletier.
Application Number | 20170070378 15/355706 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40251860 |
Filed Date | 2017-03-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170070378 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Pelletier; Benoit ; et
al. |
March 9, 2017 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACCOMMODATING HIGHER ORDER MODULATION IN
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Abstract
A method and apparatus for reconfiguring a wireless
transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are directed to receiving an active
set update message indicating that a mode of operation allowing a
certain modulation scheme is enabled or disabled and performing at
least one of: performing a MAC reset procedure, updating a set of
reference enhanced transport format combination indicators
(E-TFCIs) and associated power offsets, determining actions related
to E-DPCCH boosting, modifying information related to an enhanced
dedicated channel (E-DCH), and modifying an index that indicates an
E-DCH transport block size table. The update message includes at
least one modified information element (IE).
Inventors: |
Pelletier; Benoit; (Roxboro,
CA) ; Pani; Diana; (Montreal, CA) ; Marinier;
Paul; (Brossard, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc. |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
InterDigital Patent Holdings,
Inc.
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
40251860 |
Appl. No.: |
15/355706 |
Filed: |
November 18, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14934967 |
Nov 6, 2015 |
9537703 |
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15355706 |
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14099224 |
Dec 6, 2013 |
9215584 |
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14934967 |
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13449548 |
Apr 18, 2012 |
8630265 |
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14099224 |
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12191115 |
Aug 13, 2008 |
8233451 |
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13449548 |
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60955527 |
Aug 13, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 1/0039 20130101;
H04L 27/34 20130101; H04L 1/0017 20130101; H04L 1/0025 20130101;
H04L 1/1812 20130101; H04L 1/0003 20130101; H04W 72/04 20130101;
H04W 8/22 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04L 27/34 20060101
H04L027/34; H04L 1/00 20060101 H04L001/00 |
Claims
1-50. (canceled)
51. A method for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to act
upon receiving an active set update message, the method comprising:
receiving the active set update message indicating whether to
operate in a modulation mode; in response to the active set update
message, indicating to one or more lower layers to operate in or
stop the modulation mode; and determining an enhanced dedicated
channel (E-DCH) transport format combinations indicator (E-TFCI)
transport block size table based on whether an E-TFCI table index
information element (IE) is included in the active set update
message.
52. The method of claim 51, further comprising determining whether
to perform a media access control (MAC) reset based on whether a
MAC reset IE is included in the active set update message.
53. The method of claim 51, wherein a modulation mode IE in the
active set update message indicates whether to operate in or stop
the modulation mode.
54. The method of claim 53, wherein the E-TFCI table index IE is
included in the modulation mode IE.
55. The method of claim 51, wherein the modulation mode is
16-symbol quadrature amplitude modulation (16 QAM).
56. The method of claim 51, wherein the active set update message
comprises information enabling the WTRU to update an active set
which indicates one or more active cells available to the WTRU for
communication.
57. The method of claim 51, wherein the determining comprises:
identifying the E-TFCI transport block size table based on a value
of the E-TFCI table index IE increased by 2 on a condition that the
WTRU is operating in the modulation mode.
58. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a
processor; and a memory adapted to store instructions that, when
executed by the processor, cause the WTRU to: receive an active set
update message that indicates whether to operate in a modulation
mode; in response to the active set update message, indicate to one
or more lower layers to operate in or stop the modulation mode; and
determine an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) transport format
combinations indicator (E-TFCI) transport block size table based on
whether an E-TFCI table index information element (IE) is included
in the active set update message.
59. The WTRU of claim 58, wherein when executed by the processor,
the instructions further cause the WTRU to determine whether to
perform a media access control (MAC) reset based on whether a MAC
reset IE is included in the active set update message.
60. The WTRU of claim 58, wherein a modulation mode IE in the
active set update message indicates whether to operate in or stop
the modulation mode.
61. The WTRU of claim 60, wherein the E-TFCI table index IE is
included in the modulation mode IE.
62. The WTRU of claim 58, wherein the modulation mode is 16-symbol
quadrature amplitude modulation (16 QAM).
63. The WTRU of claim 58, wherein the active set update message
comprises information that enables the WTRU to update an active set
which indicates one or more active cells available to the WTRU for
communication.
64. The WTRU of claim 58, wherein the E-TFCI transport block size
table is determined based on a value of the E-TFCI table index IE
increased by 2 on a condition that the WTRU is operating in the
modulation mode.
65. A method for reconfiguring a wireless transmit/receive unit
(WTRU) via an active set update message, the method comprising:
generating the active set update message that indicates to the WTRU
whether to operate in a modulation mode; and determining whether to
include an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) transport format
combinations indicator (E-TFCI) table index information element
(IE) in the active set update message, wherein an inclusion of the
E-TFCI table index IE indicates to the WTRU which E-TFCI transport
block size table to use.
66. The method of claim 65, further comprising at least one of:
determining whether to include a media access control (MAC) reset
IE in the active set update message, wherein an inclusion of the
MAC reset IE indicates to the WTRU to reset a MAC entity; or
determining whether to include an E-TFCI Boost IE in the active set
update message, wherein the E-TFCI Boost IE indicates whether to
modify an E-TFCI threshold, and wherein boosting of an enhanced
dedicated physical control channel (E-DPCCH) is enabled on a
condition that an E-TFCI value exceeds the E-TFCI threshold.
67. The method of claim 65, wherein a modulation mode IE in the
active set update message indicates to the WTRU whether to operate
in the modulation mode.
68. The method of claim 67, wherein the E-TFCI table index IE is
included in the modulation mode IE.
69. The method of claim 65, wherein the modulation mode is
16-symbol quadrature amplitude modulation (16 QAM).
70. The method of claim 65, wherein the active set update message
comprises information enabling the WTRU to update an active set
which indicates one or more active cells available to the WTRU for
communication.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/955,527, filed on Aug. 13, 2007, which is
incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] This application is related to wireless communications.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Higher-order modulation for the uplink (UL) has been
introduced for some wireless communication networks. One example is
Release 7 of the High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) specifications. In
these specifications, for example, a user equipment (UE) may
operate (or not) in the 16-symbol quadrature amplitude modulation
(16 QAM) mode. When the UE operates in the 16 QAM mode, it has to
utilize one of several newly defined enhanced dedicated channel
(E-DCH) transport block tables appropriate for transmitting at data
rates up to the maximum rates allowed by 16 QAM operation. When the
UE does not operate in the 16 QAM mode, it has to utilize one of
the original E-DCH transport block tables.
[0004] In practical deployments, not all cells of a radio network
are necessarily upgraded at the same time to support a new feature
such as 16 QAM operation. Therefore, it is likely that in initial
deployment, some cells in the network will support the feature and
other will not. As the UE moves within the network, it will have to
add cells to and remove cells from its active set that may or may
not support 16 QAM operation. A cell that supports 16 QAM operation
can properly receive signals from a UE not operating in 16 QAM
mode. However, a cell not supporting 16 QAM operation can not
properly receive signals from a UE operating in 16 QAM mode. For
this reason, a modification to the active set update procedure has
been introduced whereby the network can signal to the UE whether it
should start or stop 16 QAM operation. The network would typically
signal to the UE to stop 16 QAM operation when a cell not
supporting 16 QAM operation is added to the active set, and may
signal to the UE to start 16 QAM operation when all cells in its
active set support it.
[0005] Although this modification allows the network to signal the
start or stop of 16 QAM operation to the UE, the UE still does not
have all the information it needs to properly switch between the
two modes of operation. When switching operation, the UE cannot use
some E-DCH configuration parameters as they are currently
defined.
[0006] Additionally, when these parameters are changed, the
enhanced media access control (MAC-e) needs to flush the UL hybrid
automatic repeat request (HARQ) buffers which contain MAC-e PDUs
with the old enhanced transport format combination index (E-TFCI)
tables.
[0007] However, the current active set update procedure does not
have any provisions to change the above mentioned E-DCH
configuration parameters. Some of the parameters, such as
E-DPCCH/DPCCH power offset and Reference E-TFCI, may be changed
with the active set update but only when a serving E-DCH cell
change occurs. However, starting and stopping of 16 QAM operations
may also occur when adding a new cell to the E-DCH active set
without changing the serving cell.
[0008] The absence of this signaling in the active set update
procedure prevents proper transitioning between 16 QAM mode and
non-16 QAM (normal) mode when a cell is added or removed from the
(E-DCH) active set or when the E-DCH serving cell is modified. By
providing the mechanisms for proper transition between 16 QAM mode
and non-16 QAM mode resulting from an active set update procedure,
the embodiments to be described herein allow a reduction in
re-configuration delays and a reduction of signaling overhead
(power and bandwidth).
SUMMARY
[0009] A method and apparatus are disclosed for reconfiguring a
wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The method comprises
receiving an active set update message indicating that a mode of
operation allowing a certain modulation scheme is enabled or
disabled; and performing at least one of: performing a MAC reset
procedure, updating a set of reference enhanced transport format
combination indicators (E-TFCIs) and associated power offsets,
determining actions related to E-DPCCH boosting, modifying
information related to an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH), and
modifying an index that indicates an E-DCH transport block size
table. The update message includes at least one modified
information element (IE).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following
description, given by way of example in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 shows a signaling diagram for an active set update
message for higher order modulation.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a wireless
transmit/receive unit (WTRU).
[0013] FIGS. 3A and 3B are a flowchart of an embodiment of a method
for reconfiguring a WTRU in response to an update message.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] When referred to hereafter, the terminology "wireless
transmit/receive unit (WTRU)" includes but is not limited to a user
equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber
unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant
(PDA), a computer, or any other type of user device capable of
operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter,
the terminology "base station" includes but is not limited to a
Node-B, a site controller, an access point (AP), or any other type
of interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless
environment.
[0015] A method and wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are
disclosed that enable re-configuring E-DCH transmission parameters
when 16 QAM operations are started or stopped following an active
set update procedure.
[0016] FIG. 1 is an example of a signaling diagram which summarizes
events occurring as a WTRU moves between cells which employ
different modulation modes for communication. As a specific
example, FIG. 1 shows a case where a WTRU moves from a cell in
which 16 QAM modulation is available toward a cell where this
modulation scheme is not available. In FIG. 1, time progresses from
top to bottom. Four vertical lines indicate status of four
entities: the WTRU 105, a Node B 110 not providing 16 QAM, a Node B
115 providing 16 QAM, and a radio network controller (RNC) 120
interacting with both Node Bs 110 and 115. Horizontal arrows show
interactions between these entities.
[0017] At time 125 the WTRU is operating using 16 QAM in
communication with Node B 115. At time 130 the RNC senses that the
WTRU is approaching the cell of Node B 110 which does not provide
16 QAM. The RNC transmits an active set update message to the WTRU
at time 130 for the purpose of updating an active set in the WTRU.
The active set determines with which cells the WTRU can properly
communicate. The WTRU receives the message and responds to it at
time 140 by reconfiguring itself so that it can communicate with
Node B 110 without using 16 QAM since, Node B 110 does not support
this particular modulation scheme. At time 135 the updating of the
active set and reconfiguring of the WTRU is complete.
[0018] FIGS. 3A and 3B show an embodiment of a method for
reconfiguring a WTRU in response to receiving an update message.
The update message may contain newly defined information elements
(IEs) for controlling update procedures. The WTRU acts on these IEs
if certain conditions are met.
[0019] The active set update message is received at 300. The update
procedure may include resetting a media access control (MAC),
updating a set of reference enhanced transport format combination
indicators (E-TFCIs) and associated power offsets, modifying
information related to a dedicated channel (DCH), and modifying an
index that indicates a transport block size table. Each of these
will now be described in detail. The WTRU is assumed to be
communicating within a wireless network.
[0020] First to be described is the procedure of resetting a MAC.
In order to clear the buffers and start using the new E-DCH
configuration, a MAC-es/e reset may be performed during the active
set update procedure when a change of available modulation occurs,
such as from 16 QAM being available to not being available or
vice-versa. This may be described as a change from 16 QAM mode to
non-16 QAM mode or vice-versa. The network signals the WTRU through
an information element (IE) included in the active set update
message. The IE is included if MAC-es/e reset is to be performed.
The WTRU may receive the message with this IE at 300. This
particular IE may be included in the active set update message
itself. It may be included in the root of the message or within an
already included IE, such as an E-DCH reconfiguration info IE, or
somewhere within the branching ("arborescence") of included IEs, or
in a newly introduced group of IEs that are present when the WTRU
supports, for example, 16 QAM. The latter case is shown in FIG. 3A,
and an example of a newly introduced IE designated UL 16 QAM
Configuration is shown in 310. Details of the UL 16 QAM
Configuration IE and its included sub-IEs are presented in Table 4
below.
[0021] Referring to FIG. 3A, the WTRU checks the active set update
message, received at 300, for the presence of the UL 16 QAM
Configuration IE, 310. If the UL 16 QAM Configuration IE is not
included in the message at 310 and if the WTRU is operating in 16
QAM modulation mode, the WTRU behavior is unspecified, 305.
[0022] If the UL 16 QAM Configuration IE is present, the WTRU
checks if this IE includes a MAC-es/e reset indicator, 315. If this
reset indicator is present the WTRU performs a reset of MAC-es/e
entity, 330. The reset may be performed according to the standard
3GPP TS 25.321, version 7.5.0 or later. If the reset indicator is
not present and the WTRU starts or stops 16 QAM mode operation, the
WTRU behavior is unspecified, 325.
[0023] If the UL 16 QAM Configuration IE is found to be included in
310 but this IE does not include an IE called UL 16 QAM Settings,
an indication may be sent to lower layers in the WTRU to stop any
operation in 16 QAM mode, 320.
[0024] Alternatively, the WTRU may perform a MAC-es/e reset if the
UL 16 QAM Configuration IE is present, and may not perform a
MAC-es/e reset if this IE is not present.
[0025] Alternatively, the WTRU may perform MAC-es/e reset if 16 QAM
mode operation is started or stopped.
[0026] Next to be described is updating a set of reference enhanced
transport format combination indicators (E-TFCIs) and associated
power offsets. In general, a TFCI allows receiving layers to
identify a currently valid Transport Format Combination and hence
enables a receiver to decode, de-multiplex and deliver received
data. The WTRU may update reference E-TFCIs and associated power
offsets even if the E-DCH serving cell is not changed by the active
set update procedure. When 16 QAM mode is started or stopped, the
reference E-TFCI and associated power offsets are updated
accordingly.
[0027] Again, new IEs may be defined for this purpose. These IEs,
referred to in the following description, are described in Tables
1-4 below. Referring to FIG. 3B and Tables 1-4, if the E-TFCI Boost
IE is included anywhere in the active set update message at 300,
this IE is acted upon, 350. If the E-DPCCH/DPCCH Power Offset IE is
included anywhere in the active set update message at 300, this IE
is acted upon, 360. If the Reference E-TFCIs IE is included
anywhere in the active set update message at 300, this IE is acted
upon, and any sub-IEs in it are acted upon 355. If the E-TFCI Boost
IE and Reference E-TFCIs IE are both included in the update message
(350 and 355), and if a reference E-TFCI has a value less than or
equal to a value of the E-TFCI Boost IE, and if the Reference
E-TFCI PO has a value equal to one or more predetermined values,
then the behavior of the WTRU is left unspecified 365. In the
particular example of Tables 2 and 3, the predetermined values used
for both reference E-TFCI PO IEs are 30 and 31.
[0028] Note that this Reference E-TFCI PO IE is distinct from an
existing IE of the same name within the E-DCH reconfiguration
information IE (Table 2). The two Reference E-TFCI PO IEs may
contain the same information but should never be present
simultaneously.
[0029] Again, the IEs may be present in the active set update
message itself. Alternatively, they may be included in the root of
the message or in one of the included IEs, or somewhere within the
branching of included IEs. The WTRU starts using the new IEs at the
activation time. If the new IE is not included the WTRU may keep
using an existing reference E-TFCI and power offsets with the
indices now pointing to the new E-DCH Transport Block Size table.
Alternatively, if the new IE is not included, the WTRU behavior is
unspecified. Other parameters that are not listed above may need to
be modified when 16 QAM operations are started or stopped. This may
be achieved by the same or similar method as that described
above.
[0030] Next to be described is modifying an index that indicates a
transport block size. In current specifications, there are two sets
of E-DCH Transport Block Size tables specified for 2 ms transport
time interval (TTI): two tables (2 ms TTI E-DCH Transport Block
Size Table 0 and 1) for QPSK operations and two tables for 16 QAM
operations (2 ms TTI E-DCH Transport Block Size Table 2 and 3).
Referring to FIG. 3B, the WTRU receives the table index 0 or 1 in
the E-DCH Transport Block Size table index IE 370 which, in turn,
is contained in the active set update message, 300. If the WTRU is
operating in 16 QAM mode the WTRU automatically adds 2 to the table
index, thereby indicating that the 16 QAM tables are to be used,
375. In this case, indices in the Scheduling Grant (SG) table may
refer to Scheduling Grant Table 2 in the standard 3GPP TS 25.321,
version 7.5.0 or later.
[0031] It may be desirable to change the E-DCH Transport Block Size
table index during an active set update procedure resulting in a
change of 16 QAM operations, an operation that is not possible in
current specifications.
[0032] Various alternatives may be implemented, each alternative
affecting where the above procedures get executed in the active set
update procedure--that is, where in the active set update message
the IEs are located relative to existing IEs.
[0033] In a first alternative, IEs may be added as part of the
E-DCH reconfiguration information IE. Specifically, IEs for the MAC
es/e reset indicator and E-TFCI boost may be added to the E-DCH RL
Info new serving cell sub IE, and IEs for E-DPCCH/DPCCH power
offset and Reference E-TFCIs and its related sub IEs may be added
to the E-DCH RL Info other cells IE.
[0034] In a second alternative, the added IEs above are added as
part of the E-DCH reconfiguration information IE. The difference in
this alternative is that the IEs MAC es/e reset indicator, E-TFCI
boost, and E-TFCI BetaED Switch above are added to the root of the
E-DCH reconfiguration information, while the other IEs for
E-DPCCH/DPCCH power offset and Reference E-TFCIs and its related
sub IEs are added under the E-DCH RL Info other cells sub IE.
[0035] In a third alternative, an E-DCH Info IE is added to the
active set update message, optionally adding conditions to ensure
no ambiguity results from having the same IE repeated at different
places within the active set update message branching.
[0036] In a fourth alternative, a new IE is created that contains
all other new IEs and is added to the active set update message.
This IE may always be present, or it may be present only if 16 QAM
is supported by the UE, or only present if the 16 QAM operation is
stopped or started.
[0037] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a WTRU 200 configured for
implementing the methods described above. WTRU 200 includes a radio
resource control (RRC) unit 210 in communication with a Media
Access Control (MAC) unit 220 and with a physical layer (PHY) unit
230. Physical layer unit 230 may embody the Layer 1 (L1) known in
certain models of wireless communications.
[0038] RRC unit 210 receives an update message. The message may
come from a radio network controller (RNC, not shown in FIG. 2)
such as feature 120 in FIG. 1. RRC unit 210 processes the message
and responds by interacting with MAC unit 220 and PHY unit 230 to
reconfigure WTRU 200 in response to the message, according to the
method described above.
[0039] Tables 1-4 show details of new and modified IEs according to
the above descriptions.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Active Set Update Information Type and
Semantics Element/Group name Need Multi reference description
Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UL 16QAM configuration
OP UL 16QAM REL-7 configuration 10.3.6.69c E-DCH reconfiguration OP
E-DCH This IE is not present REL-7 information same serving
reconfiguration if the serving E-DCH cell information cell is
changed with same this message. serving cell 10.3.6.69b E-TFCI
boost OP Integer E-TFCI threshold REL-7 (0 . . . 127) beyond which
boosting of E- DPCCH is enabled E-TFCI BetaED Switch OP Enumerated
E-TFCI threshold REL-7 (etfci-0, etfci- used for the 128)
computation of the gain factor .beta..sub.ed according to 3GPP TS
25.214 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 E-DCH reconfiguration information
Information Element/Group Type and Semantics name Need Multi
reference description Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>>Reference MP Integer Refer to REL-6 E-TFCI PO (0 . . . 29)
quantization of the power offset in 3GPP TS 25.213 (30, 31) Values
30 and 31 REL-7 are only used for E-TFCI > ETFCI Boost . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 E-DCH reconfiguration information same
serving cell Information Element/Group Type and Semantics name Need
Multi reference description Version E-DPCCH/DPCCH power offset OP
Integer (0 . . . 8) This IE is not REL-7 present if the serving
E-DCH cell is changed with this message. Refer to quantization of
the power offset in 3GPP TS 25.213 Reference E-TFCIs OP 1 to 8 This
IE is not REL-7 present if the serving E-DCH cell is changed with
this message. See 3GPP TS 25.214. >Reference E-TFCI MP Integer
REL-7 (0 . . . 127) >Reference E-TFCI PO MP Integer Refer to
REL-7 (0 . . . 29) quantization of the power offset in 3GPP TS
25.213 (30, 31) Values 30 and 31 REL-7 are only used for E-TFCI
> ETFCI Boost
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 UL 16QAM configuration Information
Element/Group Type and Semantics name Need Multi reference
description Version UL 16QAM settings OP UL 16QAM Presence of this
REL-7 settings IE indicates that 10.3.6.86a the UE should operate
in 16QAM mode; absence indicates that the UE is not to operate in
16QAM mode. MAC-es/e reset indicator OP Enumerated TRUE Indicates
REL-7 (true) the MAC-es/e entity needs to be reset. E-TFCI table
index OP Integer (0 . . . 1) Indicates which REL-7 standardised E-
TFC1 TB size table shall be used. See Note 1. Note 1: If the UE is
operating in 16QAM mode, the value of "E-TFCI table index" is
increased by 2, and indices in the SG-Table refer to Scheduling
Grant Table 2 in [15].
[0040] Although features and elements are described above in
particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone
without the other features and elements or in various combinations
with or without other features and elements. The methods or flow
charts provided herein may be implemented in a computer program,
software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable storage
medium for execution by a general purpose computer or a processor.
Examples of computer-readable storage mediums include a read only
memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache
memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as
internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and
optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks
(DVDs).
[0041] Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general
purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional
processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a
DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific
Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state
machine.
[0042] A processor in association with software may be used to
implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless
transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base
station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. The
WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in
hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module,
a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a
microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a
keyboard, a Bluetooth.RTM. module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio
unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic
light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a
media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser,
and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band
(UWB) module.
* * * * *