U.S. patent application number 15/122639 was filed with the patent office on 2017-03-09 for heat exchanger for low temperatures.
The applicant listed for this patent is Uponor Infra Oy. Invention is credited to Matti Jokinen, Jan Rolin, Sami Seppala.
Application Number | 20170067692 15/122639 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52991752 |
Filed Date | 2017-03-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170067692 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Rolin; Jan ; et al. |
March 9, 2017 |
Heat exchanger for low temperatures
Abstract
Heat exchanger for low temperatures. The heat exchanger
comprises a body, a tube pack fitted inside the body for
circulating a heat-transfer medium in the heat exchanger,
connections for leading the heat-transfer medium to the tube pack,
and from the tube pack, and connections for leading the
heat-transfer medium into the body and out of the body. According
to the invention, the heat exchanger's body is manufactured from
planar profile sheet. An opening is fitted to at least one long
side of the body, and is dimensioned to be large enough for the
tube pack forming at least one circuit of the heat exchanger to be
fitted inside the body through the opening, so that the tube pack
can be easily lifted out from inside the body for the replacement
of individual tubes or tube rows. A cover is arranged to cover the
opening.
Inventors: |
Rolin; Jan; (Vantaa, FI)
; Jokinen; Matti; (Vantaa, FI) ; Seppala;
Sami; (Vantaa, FI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Uponor Infra Oy |
Vantaa |
|
FI |
|
|
Family ID: |
52991752 |
Appl. No.: |
15/122639 |
Filed: |
March 4, 2015 |
PCT Filed: |
March 4, 2015 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/FI2015/050136 |
371 Date: |
August 31, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F 2225/02 20130101;
F28D 7/087 20130101; Y02P 80/10 20151101; F28F 19/02 20130101; F28F
21/06 20130101; F28F 2009/226 20130101; F28F 21/062 20130101; F25B
30/06 20130101; F28F 19/006 20130101; Y02P 80/156 20151101; F28F
9/22 20130101; F28F 9/001 20130101; F28F 2280/02 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F28D 7/08 20060101
F28D007/08; F28F 9/22 20060101 F28F009/22; F25B 30/06 20060101
F25B030/06; F28F 19/00 20060101 F28F019/00; F28F 19/02 20060101
F28F019/02; F28F 9/00 20060101 F28F009/00; F28F 21/06 20060101
F28F021/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 4, 2014 |
FI |
20145206 |
Claims
1. A heat exchanger for low temperatures comprising: a body a tube
pack fitted inside the body for circulating a first heat-exchange
medium in the heat exchanger, connections to lead the heat-transfer
medium to the tube pack and from the tube pack, an opening arranged
in at least one long side of the body, which is dimensioned to be
large enough that the tube pack forming at least one circuit of the
heat exchanger can be fitted inside the body through the opening, a
cover arranged to close the opening, and a connection for leading
the heat-transfer medium inside the body, wherein, the body of the
heat exchanger is manufactured from planar profile sheet, at least
the body is manufactured from plastic material, and the heat
exchanger further comprises a connection for leading the
heat-transfer medium from the body.
2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the tube pack
is formed of tube profiles, which are made from plastic
material.
3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the body and
tube profiles are made from polyolefins, such as polyethylene or
polypropylene or a combination of these.
4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the cover is
openable.
5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the body of the
heat exchanger is made from planar cavity-profile sheet.
6. The heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein the cavities of
the cavity-profile sheet are filled at least partly with a filler,
for example, a thermally insulating substance or a substance that
is heavier than water.
7. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein there are
protrusions on the surface of the profiles of the tubes of at least
one tube pack.
8. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the inner
surface of the tubes of the tube pack is smooth.
9. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein at least the
inner surface of the tubes of the tube pack is surfaced or mixed
with a substance that prevents dirtying.
10. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising a
longitudinal stiffener fitted to at least one long side of the
body.
11. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein at least one
tube pack of the heat exchanger comprises parallel tube rows
consisting of at least two elongated tubes arranged on top of each
other, in which the tubes on top of each other are connected
alternately at their ends in order to form a liquid channel.
12. The heat exchanger according to claim 11, wherein the parallel
tube rows are connected to two manifolds, through which the liquid
circulation of the tube rows is arranged.
13. The heat exchanger according to claim 11, wherein manifolds are
situated at both ends of the tube pack and the parallel tube rows
are connected alternately to the manifolds at different ends.
14. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the body
comprises a bottom plate, which is wider in at least one direction
than the casing formed on top of the bottom plates of the body.
15. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat
exchanger is manufactured from a weldable polymer material.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a heat exchanger for recovering
energy from energy sources that are at low temperatures. Such are,
for example, watercourses, sewage reservoirs, and similar.
[0002] With the aid of heat pumps, thermal energy even at low
temperatures, such as the heat of the ground or the heat of
watercourses, can be exploited. Other large water masses too, such
as sewage reservoirs, can be used as sources of energy. In this
connection, the term low-temperature refers to temperatures in the
order of +0.5.degree. C. . . . +10.degree. C. The energy produced
using heat pumps is usually used for heating or to produce domestic
hot water. Heat pumps can also be used for cooling, heat from the
object to be cooled, for example an apartment block, being
transferred to an object at a low temperature. In order to collect
thermal energy, a collector circuit is placed in the ground or
watercourse, and is connected either directly to the heat pump or
is connected to it through a heat exchanger, in such a way that the
heat-exchanging medium of the heat exchanger's secondary circuit
circulates in the collector circuit and the heat pump's working
heat-exchange medium in the primary circuit.
[0003] The present invention relates to a heat exchanger operating
at low temperatures, one application of which is energy-collection
and/or cooling systems based on heat pumps. In these applications,
metal-tube heat exchangers, for instance, can be used. The most
usual manufacturing materials for metal heat exchangers are
acid-resistant (HST) or stainless (RST) steel or copper. In metal
heat exchangers, the application limits the choice of the metal or
metal alloy to be used and the tube diameter is often small, being
less than 30 mm. Due to the small tube size and the labyrinthine
construction, they are difficult to clean. Sufficiently durable
metallic materials are often also expensive. For these reasons, the
life-cycle costs of metal heat exchangers become high.
[0004] Publication WO 201167457 discloses a type of heat exchanger,
in which a larger diameter tube is formed from a hollow tube
profile. In it, one heat-transfer medium is circulated in the inner
hole of the tube profile while another medium can flow inside the
larger tube formed from the profile. Alternatively, two
coaxial-tube spirals are used, which are situated at a distance
from each other, to that the heat-transfer medium can also
circulate between the coaxial spirals. In this solution, one
problem becomes the pressure resistance of the tube profile, which
restricts its use in applications in which the pressure head is
great.
[0005] Chinese utility model CN2715090 discloses a heat exchanger,
in which a spiral heat-exchanger tube is used.
[0006] Several different heat-exchanger constructions are known.
Different construction have their own advantages and weaknesses,
but a problem particularly in heat exchangers operating at low
temperatures is a small heat-transfer surface area, the importance
of which is emphasized when the temperature differences are small.
The flow resistance of the secondary circuit increases excessively
when the diameter of the heat exchanger increases, which
significantly limits the length of the heat exchanger. The
heat-transferring elements dirty easily and, when using several
circuits, each circuit needs to be separately adjusted. In tubular
heat exchangers, there is usually a cylindrical tubular body,
inside which a tube pack, consisting of several smaller tubes, is
fitted longitudinally. Examples of such constructions are in
publications U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,841 and DE 10 2010 000421.
Particularly in long heat exchangers the installation of the tube
pack inside the round external tube is difficult and servicing and
repairing the tubes is extremely laborious, or even impossible. At
low temperatures, freezing often becomes a problem. Ice blocks the
heat exchanger and prevents thermal transfer and can damage the
structures.
[0007] If several materials are used in the construction, thermal
expansions problems relate, for example, to steel-plastic
constructions, due to the different coefficients of thermal
expansion.
[0008] The invention is intended to create a more highly developed
heat exchanger than previously for transferring energy between
mediums at low temperatures.
[0009] One intention of one embodiment of the invention is to
create a heat exchanger, which can be manufactured entirely from
plastic materials.
[0010] The intention of one embodiment of the invention is to
create a heat exchanger, which is easy to manufacture and
maintain.
[0011] The intention of one embodiment is to create a heat
exchanger, which is easy to keep clean.
[0012] Further, the intention of one embodiment of the invention is
to create a heat exchanger, which has a good heat transfer
capability.
[0013] The invention is based on the casing forming body of the
heat exchanger being manufactured from planar sheet, particularly
profile sheet, and an opening being arranged in at least one side
of the body, which is dimensioned to be large enough for at least a
tube pack forming one circuit of the heat exchanger to be fitted
inside the body casing through the opening. An openable or fixed
cover is arranged to cover the opening.
[0014] According to one embodiment of the invention, at least the
body and the sheet tube profiles are manufactured from polyolefins,
such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
[0015] According to one embodiment of the invention, the profile
sheets are made from cavity profiles. The cavities of such
cavity-profile sheets can be filled at least partly with a filler,
for example, a thermally-insulating substance or a substance
heavier than water.
[0016] According to one embodiment, a stiffener is fitted to at
least one side of the body of the heat exchanger.
[0017] According to one embodiment, the body of the heat exchanger
comprises a bottom sheet, which is in at least one direction wider
than the casing formed by the body.
[0018] According to one embodiment, at least one tube pack of the
thermal-transfer circuit comprises at least two parallel tube rows
consisting of elongated tubes arranged on top of each other, which
tubes on top of each other are connected alternately at their ends,
in order to form one liquid channel.
[0019] According to one embodiment, the parallel tube rows are
connected to two manifolds, through which the liquid circulation of
the tube rows is arranged.
[0020] According to one embodiment, the manifolds are located at
each end of the tube pack.
[0021] More specifically, the heat exchanger according to the
invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing
portion of the independent Claim.
[0022] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the
dependent Claims.
[0023] Considerable advantages are gained with the aid of the
applications and embodiments of the invention.
[0024] With the aid of the invention, a heat exchanger is created,
which operates at low temperatures, in which the temperature of the
medium coming to the primary circuit, i.e., for example, the
circuit circulating from a heat pump, is Tin=-5.degree. C. . . .
-3.degree. C. and the temperature of the medium coming to the
secondary circuit is Tin=2.0.degree. C. . . . 0.5.degree. C. When
polymer materials, plastics, are used as the materials, good
chemical resistance is achieved, and, by means of a suitable
construction, good ring stiffness, so that the exchanger can be
located, for example, underground. The chemical resistance permits
energy transfer in demanding conditions, in which there are salts,
acids, hydrocarbons, and alkalis. Thus, the exchanger can be
placed, for instance, in seawater, or in various industrial process
flows, liquors, and liquids. The exchanger is particularly suitable
as the energy source of a heat-pump system, both for heating and
for cooling. Polyolefins are especially suitable for cold
conditions, because ice does not easily form on structures made
from them.
[0025] The possibility of rapid cleaning/washing has been taken
into account in the construction. There is preferably an openable
cover in the body casing of the heat exchanger, through which the
internal part of the exchanger and the heat-transfer tubes can be
cleaned and serviced. If necessary, the tube pack can be easily
lifted out from inside the body for the replacement of individual
tubes or rows of tubes. If the speed of repair is important, the
tube pack can be simply lifted out and replaced with a new one.
This feature is especially advantageous in the manufacture of the
heat exchanger, because the tube pack used for heat transfer can
simply be lifted ready-assembled into the body from above.
[0026] The properties of the body assembled from cavity-profile
sheets can be varied by filling the cavities with suitable filler.
For example, if a good thermal insulation capacity is required the
cavities can be filled with thermal insulation. If, on the other
hand, it is necessary to compensate for the buoyancy acting on the
exchanger due to groundwater or open water, the cavities can be
filled with a filler that is heavier than water, such as concrete.
The external shape of the casing can be used to anchor the heat
exchanger in the ground.
[0027] Known calculation models can be used as a point of departure
in the design of the heat exchanger.
[0028] In the following, a preferred embodiment of the present
technology is examined with the aid of examples and with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
[0029] FIG. 1 shows a side cross-section of one heat exchanger
according to the invention.
[0030] FIG. 2 shows the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 seen
from the first end.
[0031] FIG. 3 shows a side view of the heat exchanger according to
FIG. 1.
[0032] FIG. 4 shows the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 seen
from the second end.
[0033] FIG. 5 shows a top view of the heat exchanger according to
FIG. 1.
[0034] FIG. 6 shows an end view of the heat-transfer tube pack of
the embodiment of FIG. 1.
[0035] FIG. 7 shows a side view of the tube pack of FIG. 6.
[0036] FIG. 8 shows a top view of the tube pack of FIG. 6.
[0037] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the tube pack of FIG.
6.
[0038] FIG. 10 shows a side view of the tube pack in greater
detail.
[0039] The heat exchanger according to the example of FIG. 1 is
constructed in a parallelepiped- shaped box-like casing, which is
referred to hereinafter as the body 1. The body is assembled from
rectangular cavity-profile sheet, from which the exchanger's bottom
2 ends 3, 4, side walls 5, 6, and cover 7 are formed. The bottom 2,
side walls 5, 6, and cover 7 are parallel and form the long sides
of the body and their direction defines the longitudinal axis of
the body. A cavity-profile sheet consists of cavities, in this case
rectangular, separated by partitions, and two opposing surfaces.
The shape of the cavities can naturally vary, what is important is
that by means of the cavity structure a light, but relatively rigid
sheet is obtained. Thus, the material's stiffness and strength are
sufficient for manufacturing the body of the heat exchanger. The
body 1 is assembled on top of the sheet forming the bottom 2, in
such a way that the end and side walls 3, 4, 5, 6 are attached
vertically on top of the bottom 2 a short distance from the edges
of the bottom 2. Thus, the edges of the bottom 2 form an anchor
when the heat exchanger is placed inside the ground. The ends 3, 4
and side walls 5, 6 are attached, for example by welding, to the
bottom 2 and to each other at the corners. The side walls 5, 6 are
additionally supported vertically by vertical supports 8 running
transversely to the walls, which are here rectangular in
cross-section and set at right angles to the cavities of the walls.
Here, the cavities of the side walls 5, 6 run horizontally. A tube
9, which is in addition attached to the wall by an attachment plate
10, acts as a longitudinal stiffener and is fitted through the
vertical supports 8 at more or less the centre of the wall. The
tube 9 can be used as an attachment point when moving the heat
exchanger and also acts as vertical anchoring, for instance,
against the possible buoyancy of groundwater when the heat
exchanger is sunk into the ground.
[0040] A cover 7 is formed on the opposite side of the body 1 to
the bottom 2. The cavities in the cover are transverse to the
longitudinal direction of the body and stiffeners with a
rectangular cross-section are fitted to the edges of the cover 7 on
its long sides. In addition, there are maintenance/inspection
openings 11 in the cover. One essential feature of the invention is
precisely the cover 7 closing the upper part of the body. The
opening closed by the cover 7 is now formed by a rectangle
delimited by the side walls 5, 6 and the ends. Because the tube
pack 12 of the heat exchanger must fit inside the space delimited
by the walls 5, 6 and ends, it will fit through an opening
delimited by them. The opening closed by the cover 7 must large
enough and shaped in such a way that the tube pack 12, preferably
with its attachments, will fit through it. The cover 7 closes this
opening. When the heat exchanger is assembled, the tube pack is
lifted, ready assembled, through the opening and into the body,
into which it can now be easily fitted.
[0041] The cover 7 can be attached permanently in place after the
assembling of the heat exchanger, for instance by welding, but
preferably the cover is openable, so that the tube pack 12 can be
more easily cleaned in place or lifted out of the box or
container-like body 1 for maintenance or repair. Though there are
maintenance openings 11 in the tube heat exchanger, as in this
example, the tube pack 12 fills the space inside the body and it is
mainly only inspections, but not really maintenance operations that
can be made through the openings 11. Thus, it is preferable to
attach the cover 7 to the rest of the body 1 in such a way that the
cover can be opened. To attach the cover 7, for example, bolted
joints, hinge and lock structures, or, for instance, locking wedges
can be used. The joint between the cover 7 and the body 1 must
naturally be sealed, either structurally or by using a seal.
[0042] The equipment of the body 1 further includes, for instance,
water inlet and outlet connections 13, which are located at the
ends 3, 4 of the body 1, as well as some other accessories that do
not particularly relate to the invention.
[0043] A tube pack 12 consisting of heat-exchange pipework, which
is formed of several parallel tube rows 15 assembled from several
tubes 14 arranged on top of each other, is fitted inside the body
1. The tubes of the tube pack are parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the body 1.
[0044] FIG. 10 shows a side view of one such tube pack. Each of the
tubes 14 on top of each other is connected at its ends to the end
of an upper or corresponding lower tube by a butt or electrically
welded reversing piece 16, in such a way that the other end of the
upper tube 17 and lower tube 18 is open. In this way a long,
meandering liquid channel is formed, in which the direction of
travel of the liquid always changes at the ends of the tubes 14.
The free open end of the lower tube 18 of each tube row 15 is
connected by a connector tube 19 to the lower manifold 20 and the
free open end of the upper tube 17 by a connector tube 21 to the
upper manifold 22. The tube rows 15 are placed in parallel, in such
a way that the open ends of the lower 18 and upper 17 tubes of one
tube row 15 are on one side of the tube pack 12, then in the
parallel tube rows all the ends are blocked by a reversing piece 16
and the open ends on the opposite side. Thus, every second tube row
15 connects to the manifolds 20, 22 at the first end of the tube
pack 12 and every other tube row 15 parallel to them is, in turn,
connected to the manifolds 20, 22 at the other end. The liquid
circulating in the tube pack is fed from the manifolds to the tubes
14 and removed after circulating through the tube row 15 through
the second manifold. Each of the manifolds 20, 22 runs through the
side wall 5 or 6 of the body 1, thus forming inlet and outlet
connections for the circulating liquid. The circulating liquid can
be, for example, a generally used ethanol-based liquid.
[0045] Seven rectangular baffle plates 23 are located along the
length of the tube pack 12, which at the same time support and
stiffen the tube pack and, for their part, also increase the
strength of the body 1. The baffle plates are intended to create
mixing in the heat-transfer medium and thus to transfer heat as
efficiently as possible between the heat-transfer medium flowing in
the tubes 15 and the heat-transfer medium surrounding them. The
baffle plates 23 also support the heat-transfer tube pack 12 on the
inner surface of the body 1. If rectangular baffle plates 23
covering half of the tube pack are used, the distance between them
should be at least 1/5 of the inner dimension of the body, however
at least 50 mm. The maximum distance should not exceed the internal
dimension of the body 1 and, when the baffle plates 23 act as
support plates for the heat-transfer tubes, their mechanical
stresses, such as strength and vibrations must be taken into
account. More detailed instructions for the design of the heat
exchanger in this connection are available from the handbooks and
dimensioning guides of the sector.
[0046] The heat exchanger is dimensioned according to the
application. It is preferable to use polyolefins, such as
polyethylene and polypropylene, as the material of the body and
other parts of the heat exchanger, on account of their good
ice-formation-preventing properties.
[0047] The manufacturing material of the tubes 14 of the tube pack
is preferably a material, which has essentially the same thermal
expansion coefficient and chemical resistance as the corresponding
properties of the body and other parts of the heat exchanger. The
said same polyolefin materials are one advantageous example. The
shape of the cross-section of the tubes is preferably a circle, due
to ease of manufacture, but it can also be a simple equal-walled
rectangle, or an oval, or there can be longitudinal or transverse
finning or other protrusions in its internal or external surfaces
or in both, in order to increase the heat-transfer surface. The
shape of the tube profile can be chosen as desired, but in terms of
manufacturing technique the manufacture of a standard-shape profile
in the longitudinal direction is easiest. If the heat-transfer
liquid easily dirties, the surface of the tube profile is
preferably smooth and the internal surface of the profile can be
surfaced or mixed with a substance that decreases dirtying. The
internal surface of the tube profile is also preferably smooth, in
order to minimize pressure losses. It can, of course, be envisaged
that the tube profile is manufactured from a composite material of
two or more layers, if the operating conditions demand this. In
composite tubes, the layers of the layer structure can consist of
the same or different materials. One example is a plastic-metal
composite tube, and other example reinforced plastic tubes, in
which are generally an inner and outer layer of a resin-rich
material, and between them a reinforced layer to reinforce the
strong structure.
[0048] Plastic materials generally have a good chemical resistance,
so that with their aid the heat exchanger can be designed to
operate in chemically demanding applications, in which, for
example, salt content and pH set limits to the choice of
materials.
[0049] The number of tubes 14 of the heat-transfer tube pack 12 and
their placing inside the body 1 can vary. However, in order that
the heat-transfer capacity of the heat exchanger will be
sufficient, the tube rows 15 should be several, at least more than
5 and preferably more than 10 rows. The number of course varies
according to the size of the heat exchanger. The basic rule is that
the distance between the outer walls of the heat-transfer tubes
should be at least 0.25 times the tube diameter.
[0050] The liquid of the secondary circuit of the invention is
preferably water, which can be seawater, freshwater, sewage, or
industrial process water. The liquid of the primary circuit can
also be water, especially when the heat exchanger is used as a
cooler. If the heat exchanger is used with a heat pump or some
other device that circulates a refrigerant, then of course a
refrigerant suitable for the purpose must be used. The refrigerant
will then determine its suitability for the device being used.
[0051] Within the scope of the invention, it is also possible to
envisage solutions differing from the embodiments described above.
For example, it can be envisaged that the cross-section of the body
1 is rectangular, cylindrical, polygonal, or some other
cross-section. A straight parallelogram is, however, often the
cheapest to manufacture and will sufficiently withstand an external
load.
[0052] The main components of the heat exchanger are preferably
made from polyolefin plastics, but naturally other materials can be
used as required, for example seals, screws, bolts, hinge pins, and
similar made from steel, without deviating from the basic idea of
the invention.
[0053] One advantageous implementation alternative for the body is
the aforementioned cavity-profile sheet. If only weldable plastic
is used as the manufacturing material, the heat exchanger can
advantageously be manufactured by welding. If different materials
are used and welding is not possible, other construction
alternatives can be used, such as flange joints.
[0054] Instead of cavity-profile sheet, on at least one side
compact profile sheets can be used. In one embodiment, the entire
body 1 (i.e. casing) of the heat exchanger is manufactured from
such profile sheets. Their wall thickness is generally about 10-200
mm, especially about 20-100 mm.
[0055] The plastic materials can be mixed with soot, graphite,
talc, lithium, magnetite, barium sulphate, and metallic-derivative
additives.
[0056] Heat exchangers according to the present technology are
manufactured mainly for use on an industrial scale. Thus, the
length of a single heat exchanger is generally about 500-10000 mm,
especially about 1000-7500 mm, most suitably about 1000-5000 mm;
with a width of about 100-5000 mm, especially about 250-3000 mm,
and a height of about 100-5000 mm, especially about 500-3000
mm.
[0057] The diameter of the heat-transfer tubes of heat exchangers
is usually about 10-500 mm, especially about 25-300 mm, most
suitably about 30-200 mm. There are generally 10-200 heat-transfer
tubes to a heat exchanger, especially 10-100 to a heat
exchanger.
REFERENCE-NUMBER LIST
[0058] 1 body
[0059] 2 bottom
[0060] 3, 4 end walls
[0061] 5, 6 side walls
[0062] 7 cover
[0063] 8 vertical supports
[0064] 9 tube
[0065] 10 attachment plate
[0066] 11 maintenance/inspection openings
[0067] 12 tube pack
[0068] 13 water inlet and outlet connections
[0069] 14 tubes
[0070] 15 parallel tube rows
[0071] 16 reversing pieces
[0072] 17 upper tube
[0073] 18 lower tube
[0074] 19, 21 connector tube
[0075] 20, 22 manifold
[0076] 23 baffle plates
REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS
[0077] WO 201167457
[0078] CN 2715090
[0079] U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,841
[0080] DE 102010000421.
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