U.S. patent application number 14/826816 was filed with the patent office on 2017-02-16 for three-dimensional target for conducted electrical weapons.
The applicant listed for this patent is Raptor Enterprises, Inc.. Invention is credited to James McGovern.
Application Number | 20170045338 14/826816 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57994237 |
Filed Date | 2017-02-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170045338 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
McGovern; James |
February 16, 2017 |
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TARGET FOR CONDUCTED ELECTRICAL WEAPONS
Abstract
A humanoid-shaped target for a conducted electrical weapon
includes a target body having a three-dimensional shape that
represents a corresponding portion of a human body. The target body
is configured to receive and stop incoming projectiles from the
conducted electrical weapon and to retain the incoming projectiles
at least partially within an interior volume of the target body.
The target body includes an electrically-conductive material
configured to conduct an electric current provided by the conducted
electrical weapon between the incoming projectiles when the
incoming projectiles are retained at least partially within the
interior volume of the target body. In some embodiments, the target
body includes multiple target zones arranged adjacent to each other
along an outer surface of the target body. The multiple target
zones may have differing material properties (e.g., differing
densities and/or differing electrical conductivities).
Inventors: |
McGovern; James; (Milton,
WI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Raptor Enterprises, Inc. |
Janesville |
WI |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
57994237 |
Appl. No.: |
14/826816 |
Filed: |
August 14, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41J 1/01 20130101; F41H
13/0012 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F41J 1/10 20060101
F41J001/10 |
Claims
1. A humanoid-shaped target for a conducted electrical weapon, the
target comprising: a target body having a three-dimensional shape
that represents a corresponding portion of a human body; the target
body configured to receive and stop incoming projectiles from the
conducted electrical weapon and to retain the incoming projectiles
at least partially within an interior volume of the target body;
the target body comprising a target zone having an outer surface
made of an electrically-conductive material such that substantially
an entire surface area of the target zone is
electrically-conductive, wherein the electrically-conductive
material is configured to conduct an electric current provided by
the conducted electrical weapon between the incoming projectiles
when the incoming projectiles strike substantially any location
along the outer surface of the target zone and are retained at
least partially within the interior volume of the target body.
2. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 1, wherein the target body
is a three-dimensional molding of the corresponding portion of the
human body.
3. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 1, wherein the
electrically-conductive material is a urethane foam.
4. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 1, wherein the target body
comprises a torso portion having a three-dimensional shape that
represents a human torso.
5. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 4, wherein the target body
further comprises one or more arm portions having three-dimensional
shapes that represent human arms, the arm portions being releasably
coupled to the torso portion and repositionable relative to the
torso portion.
6. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 4, wherein the target body
further comprises a head portion having a three-dimensional shape
that represents a human head, the head portion being releasably
coupled to the torso portion and repositionable relative to the
torso portion.
7. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 4, wherein the target body
further comprises a legs portion having a three-dimensional shape
that represents human legs, the legs portion being releasably
coupled to the torso portion and repositionable relative to the
torso portion.
8. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 1, wherein the target body
represents an entirety of the human body, the target body
comprising: a torso portion having a three-dimensional shape that
represents a human torso; one or more arm portions having
three-dimensional shapes that represent human arms; a head portion
having a three-dimensional shape that represents a human head; and
a legs portion having a three-dimensional shape that represents
human legs.
9. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 1, wherein the target body
comprises multiple target zones arranged adjacent to each other
along an outer surface of the target body, each of the target zones
comprising one or more layers that extend into the interior volume
of the target body; wherein the multiple target zones have
differing material properties comprising at least one of differing
densities and differing electrical conductivities.
10. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 1, further comprising a
support structure coupled to the target body and configured to
maintain the target body in an upright position during use.
11. The humanoid-shaped target of claim 10, wherein the support
structure comprises one or more stakes that penetrate at least
partially into the interior volume of target body.
12. A target for a conducted electrical weapon, the target
comprising: a target body having a three-dimensional shape; the
target body configured to receive and stop incoming projectiles
from the conducted electrical weapon and to retain the incoming
projectiles at least partially within an interior volume of the
target body; the target body comprising a target zone having an
outer surface made of an electrically-conductive material such that
substantially an entire surface area of the target zone is
electrically-conductive, wherein the electrically-conductive
material is configured to conduct an electric current provided by
the conducted electrical weapon between the incoming projectiles
when the incoming projectiles strike substantially any location
along the outer surface of the target zone and are retained at
least partially within the interior volume of the target body.
13. The target of claim 12, wherein the target body comprises
multiple target zones arranged adjacent to each other along an
outer surface of the target body, each of the target zones
comprising one or more layers that extend into the interior volume
of the target body; wherein the multiple target zones have
differing material properties comprising at least one of differing
densities and differing electrical conductivities.
14. The target of claim 13, wherein the multiple target zones have
differing electrical conductivities, the multiple target zones
comprising: a first target zone that comprises the
electrically-conductive material and is configured to conduct the
electric current provided by the conducted electrical weapon; and a
second target zone that does not comprise the
electrically-conductive material and is not configured to conduct
the electric current provided by the conducted electrical
weapon.
15. The target of claim 14, wherein the first target zone comprises
multiple overlapping layers having differing electrical
conductivities, the multiple layers comprising: a first layer that
comprises the electrically-conductive material and is configured to
conduct the electric current provided by the conducted electrical
weapon; and a second layer that does not comprise the
electrically-conductive material and is not configured to conduct
the electric current provided by the conducted electrical
weapon.
16. The target of claim 13, wherein the multiple target zones have
differing densities.
17. The target of claim 16, wherein at least one of the multiple
target zones comprises multiple overlapping layers having differing
densities.
18. The target of claim 12, wherein the target body comprises
multiple overlapping layers having differing electrical
conductivities, the multiple layers comprising: a first layer that
comprises the electrically-conductive material and is configured to
conduct the electric current provided by the conducted electrical
weapon; and a second layer that does not comprise the
electrically-conductive material and is not configured to conduct
the electric current provided by the conducted electrical
weapon.
19. The target of claim 12, wherein the target body comprises
multiple overlapping layers having differing densities.
20. The target of claim 12, wherein the target body has a humanoid
shape that represents a corresponding portion of a human body, the
target body comprising at least one of: a torso portion having a
three-dimensional shape that represents a human torso; one or more
arm portions having three-dimensional shapes that represent human
arms; a head portion having a three-dimensional shape that
represents a human head; and a legs portion having a
three-dimensional shape that represents human legs.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to a practice
target for conducted electrical weapons. More particularly, the
present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional humanoid-shaped
target that conducts electric current for use in training with
conducted electrical weapons.
[0002] Conducted electrical weapons (sometimes called electroshock
weapons, electronically controlled weapons, or electronically
controlled devices) are incapacitant weapons that can incapacitate
a subject without causing significant harm. Examples of conducted
electrical weapons include TASERS, stun guns, electric shock prods,
stun shields, and the like. Conducted electrical weapons generally
work by delivering an electric shock to the subject which disrupts
superficial muscle functions. This effect is known as neuromuscular
incapacitation.
[0003] The human nervous system communicates using electrical
impulses. The central nervous system (e.g., the brain and spinal
cord) processes information from the body and makes decisions. The
peripheral nervous system includes sensory nerves and motor nerves.
Sensory nerves carry sensory information (e.g., temperature, touch,
etc.) from the body to the central nervous system. Motor nerves
carry commands from the central nervous system to the muscles to
control movement, which can be an involuntary response to sensory
information. For example, a person may have an involuntary reaction
to pull his or her hand away from a hot object. Conducted
electrical weapons typically cause neuromuscular incapacitation by
stimulating both the sensory and motor nerves. This causes a
subject to be unable to control muscle functions, thereby
incapacitating the subject. Neuromuscular incapacitation is not
dependent upon pain and is effective on subjects with a high level
of pain tolerance.
[0004] Some conducted electrical weapons (e.g., TASERS) include a
handheld housing that contains an energy source (e.g., a battery)
and can be used to fire tethered projectiles toward a subject. When
the projectiles embed in the subject, the subject's body completes
the electric circuit. High voltage, low current, electric pulses
are then delivered to the subject through thin flexible wires. The
electric current flows into the subject through one of the wires
and then back to the energy source through the other wire. If the
tethered projectiles miss the subject, the electric current may arc
between the projectiles rather than flowing through the subject's
body. Some conducted electrical weapons emit a sound or tone when a
successful hit is achieved, which is measured by the electrical
resistance between the tethered projectiles. The electrical
resistance will be low if a hit is successful (since the electric
current will flow through the subject's body) and high if the hit
is unsuccessful (since the electric current will arc through the
air).
[0005] Training with a conducted electrical weapon can be difficult
since conventional training targets are not electrically
conductive. Therefore, even when a successful hit on a training
target is achieved, the conducted electrical weapon may not
register a hit and the electric current may arc through the air.
Some two-dimensional training targets include a flexible sheet of
electrically conductive material behind a paper sheet. However,
such two-dimensional training targets do not adequately represent
an actual human subject.
SUMMARY
[0006] One implementation of the present disclosure is a
humanoid-shaped target for a conducted electrical weapon. The
target includes a target body having a three-dimensional shape that
represents a corresponding portion of a human body. The target body
is configured to receive and stop incoming projectiles from the
conducted electrical weapon and to retain the incoming projectiles
at least partially within an interior volume of the target body.
The target body includes an electrically-conductive material
configured to conduct an electric current provided by the conducted
electrical weapon between the incoming projectiles when the
incoming projectiles are retained at least partially within the
interior volume of the target body.
[0007] In some embodiments, the target body is a three-dimensional
molding of the corresponding portion of the human body. In some
embodiments, the electrically-conductive material is a urethane
foam.
[0008] In some embodiments, the target body includes a torso
portion having a three-dimensional shape that represents a human
torso. In some embodiments, the target body further includes one or
more arm portions having three-dimensional shapes that represent
human arms. The arms portions may be releasably coupled to the
torso portion and repositionable relative to the torso portion. In
some embodiments, the target body further includes a head portion
having a three-dimensional shape that represents a human head. The
head portion may be releasably coupled to the torso portion and
repositionable relative to the torso portion. In some embodiments,
the target body further includes a legs portion having a
three-dimensional shape that represents human legs, the legs
portion may be releasably coupled to the torso portion and
repositionable relative to the torso portion.
[0009] In some embodiments, the target body represents an entirety
of the human body. The target body may include a torso portion
having a three-dimensional shape that represents a human torso, one
or more arm portions having three-dimensional shapes that represent
human arms, a head portion having a three-dimensional shape that
represents a human head, and a legs portion having a
three-dimensional shape that represents human legs.
[0010] In some embodiments, the target body includes multiple
target zones arranged adjacent to each other along an outer surface
of the target body. Each of the target zones may include one or
more layers that extend into the interior volume of the target
body. The multiple target zones may have differing material
properties (e.g., differing densities and/or differing electrical
conductivities).
[0011] In some embodiments, the target includes a support structure
coupled to the target body and configured to maintain the target
body in an upright position during use. The support structure may
include one or more stakes that penetrate at least partially into
the interior volume of target body.
[0012] Another implementation of the present disclosure is a target
for a conducted electrical weapon. The target includes a target
body having a three-dimensional shape. The target body is
configured to receive and stop incoming projectiles from the
conducted electrical weapon and to retain the incoming projectiles
at least partially within an interior volume of the target body.
The target body includes an electrically-conductive material
configured to conduct an electric current provided by the conducted
electrical weapon between the incoming projectiles when the
incoming projectiles are retained at least partially within the
interior volume of the target body.
[0013] In some embodiments, the target body includes multiple
overlapping layers having differing electrical conductivities. The
multiple layers may include a first layer that includes the
electrically-conductive material and is configured to conduct the
electric current provided by the conducted electrical weapon. The
multiple layers may further include a second layer that does not
comprise the electrically-conductive material and is not configured
to conduct the electric current provided by the conducted
electrical weapon. In some embodiments, the target body includes
multiple overlapping layers having differing densities.
[0014] In some embodiments, the target body includes multiple
target zones arranged adjacent to each other along an outer surface
of the target body. Each of the target zones may include one or
more layers that extend into the interior volume of the target
body. The multiple target zones may have differing material
properties (e.g., differing densities and/or differing electrical
conductivities).
[0015] In some embodiments, the multiple target zones have
differing electrical conductivities. The multiple target zones may
include a first target zone that includes the
electrically-conductive material and is configured to conduct the
electric current provided by the conducted electrical weapon. The
multiple target zones may further include a second target zone that
does not include the electrically-conductive material and is not
configured to conduct the electric current provided by the
conducted electrical weapon.
[0016] In some embodiments, the first target zone includes multiple
overlapping layers having differing electrical conductivities. The
multiple layers may include a first layer that includes the
electrically-conductive material and is configured to conduct the
electric current provided by the conducted electrical weapon. The
multiple layers may further include a second layer that does not
comprise the electrically-conductive material and is not configured
to conduct the electric current provided by the conducted
electrical weapon.
[0017] In some embodiments, the multiple target zones have
differing densities. In some embodiments, at least one of the
multiple target zones includes multiple overlapping layers having
differing densities.
[0018] In some embodiments, the target body has a humanoid shape
that represents a corresponding portion of a human body. The target
body may include at least one of a torso portion having a
three-dimensional shape that represents a human torso, one or more
arm portions having three-dimensional shapes that represent human
arms, a head portion having a three-dimensional shape that
represents a human head, and a legs portion having a
three-dimensional shape that represents human legs.
[0019] The foregoing is a summary and thus by necessity contains
simplifications, generalizations, and omissions of detail.
Consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the
summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way
limiting. Other aspects, inventive features, and advantages of the
devices and/or processes described herein, as defined solely by the
claims, will become apparent in the detailed description set forth
herein and taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a humanoid-shaped
three-dimensional target for a conducted electrical weapon,
according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0021] FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a rear elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of another humanoid-shaped
three-dimensional target for a conducted electrical weapon,
according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 4 with the head removed, according to an exemplary
embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 6 is a front elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 4 with the head and arms removed, according to an
exemplary embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another humanoid-shaped
three-dimensional target for a conducted electrical weapon with
multiple target zones, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0027] FIG. 8 is a front elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 7, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0028] FIG. 9 is a rear elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 7, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0029] FIG. 10 is a front elevation view of another humanoid-shaped
three-dimensional target for a conducted electrical weapon with
multiple target zones, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0030] FIG. 11 is a front elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 10 with the head removed, according to an exemplary
embodiment.
[0031] FIG. 12 is a front elevation view of the humanoid-shaped
target of FIG. 10 with the head and arms removed, according to an
exemplary embodiment.
[0032] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a single-layer material
which may be used in the humanoid-shaped targets of FIGS. 1-12,
according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0033] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the single-layer
material taken along the line A-A in FIG. 13, according to an
exemplary embodiment.
[0034] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a dual-layer material which
may be used in the humanoid-shaped targets of FIGS. 1-12, according
to an exemplary embodiment.
[0035] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the dual-layer material
taken along the line B-B in FIG. 15, according to an exemplary
embodiment.
[0036] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a triple-layer material
which may be used in the humanoid-shaped targets of FIGS. 1-12,
according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0037] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the triple-layer
material taken along the line C-C in FIG. 17, according to an
exemplary embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] Referring generally to the FIGURES, a three-dimensional
target for conducted electrical weapons is shown, according to
various exemplary embodiments. The target may have a humanoid shape
or represent a portion of a human body. For example, the target may
include a three-dimensional representation (e.g., a foam molding)
of a human torso, legs, arms, head, and/or other parts of a human
body. In some embodiments, the target includes multiple
three-dimensional pieces (e.g., a torso piece, leg pieces, arm
pieces, a head piece, etc.) that can be assembled to form the
humanoid-shaped target or a portion thereof. The pieces may be
configured to attach to each other in multiple different
orientations to allow the target to be arranged in different
postures or positions. The target may be free-standing or may be
coupled to a support structure (e.g., a stand that rests on the
ground, a stake inserted into the ground, etc.) to maintain the
target in an upright position.
[0039] Advantageously, the target is configured for training with
conducted electrical weapons. For example, the target may be made
of an electrically-conductive material (e.g., a urethane foam) that
conducts an electric current provided by a TASER or other conducted
electrical weapon. The electrical conductivity of the target may
allow the conducted electrical weapon to register a successful hit
and may allow the electric current to flow through the body of the
target rather than arcing through the air. The target may be
configured to receive and quickly stop incoming projectiles from
the conducted electrical weapon and may allow the projectiles to be
removed without requiring any sort of lubricant or removal device.
The density of the target may be similar to the density of one or
more parts of an actual human so as to closely simulate projectile
penetration on a human subject. The target may be outfitted with
clothing or other accessories (e.g., belts, helmets, armor, etc.)
to more closely simulate an actual human subject.
[0040] In some embodiments, the target is made entirely of the same
electrically-conductive material. In other embodiments, the target
includes multiple layers or zones that vary in material density
and/or electrical conductivity. For example, the target may include
a core made of a conductive and dense material (e.g., configured to
simulate human tissue) and an outer layer made of a non-conductive
and relatively less dense material (e.g., configured to simulate
clothing). In other embodiments, the core is made of a
non-conductive material and the outer layer is made of a conductive
material. In some embodiments, the target includes three or more
layers. For example the target may include an inner core, a middle
layer, and an outer layer. Each of the layers may be made of a
different material or combination of materials with different
densities, electrical conductivities, and/or other material
properties. In some embodiments, the outer layer is made of a
self-healing material (e.g., small cell cellular plastic or rubber,
open cell styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) foam, open cell styrene,
etc.).
[0041] In some embodiments, the target includes a plurality of
target zones at different locations along the target. For example,
a first target zone may be located at the upper torso of the target
and a second target zone may be located at the thighs of the
target. Different zones may be made of different materials and/or
different layers of materials that have different material
properties. Some of the target zones may be
electrically-conductive, whereas other target zones may be
non-conductive. Advantageously, this feature allows the conducted
electrical weapon to register a hit only when the tethered
projectiles successfully strike an electrically-conductive zone. In
some embodiments, the locations of the electrically-conductive
zones correspond to locations of a human subject at which a
conducted electrical weapon would be most effective (e.g., upper
chest, thighs, upper back, calves, forearms, etc.), whereas the
locations of the non-conductive zones correspond to locations at
which a conducted electrical weapon would be less effective or
which would typically be blocked by clothing or other accessories
(e.g., feet, knees, belt, lower torso, etc.). These and other
features of the target are described in greater detail below.
[0042] Before discussing further details of the target, it should
be noted that references to "front," "back," "rear," "upper,"
"bottom," "right," "left," and the like are used in this
description to identify the sides and/or surfaces of the target as
they are oriented in the FIGURES. The words "inwardly" and
"outwardly" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively,
the approximate center of the target and/or designated parts
thereof. These terms are not meant to limit the elements which they
describe, as the elements may be oriented differently in various
implementations.
[0043] Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, a three-dimensional target 10
for conducted electrical weapons is shown, according to an
exemplary embodiment. Target 10 is shown having a humanoid shape
and may be the approximate size of a human (e.g., between five and
six feet tall). According to the embodiment illustrated, target 10
has been formed into the approximate size and shape of an adult
male human. In other embodiments, target 10 may be formed into the
approximate size and shape of an adult female human, an adolescent
human, a small human, or any other humanoid shape and/or size.
According to various alternative embodiments, target 10 may have an
animal shape (e.g., a deer, a wolf, a bear, a dog, etc.) or may
have any of a variety of geometric shapes and/or sizes (e.g., a
cube, a sphere, a cylinder, etc.).
[0044] Target 10 is shown to include a torso portion 12, a right
arm portion 14, a left arm portion 16, a head portion 18, and a
legs portion 20. In some embodiments, portions 12-20 are integrally
formed as a one-piece unitary body. For example, the entirety of
target 10 may be a unitary piece of molded foam (e.g., urethane
foam). In other embodiments, target 10 may be formed from a
plurality of sections that can be coupled together to define the
overall shape of target 10. For example, torso portion 12, right
arm portion 14, left arm portion 16, head portion 18, and legs
portion 20 may be separate sections that are molded separately and
configured to attach to one another. In some embodiments, one or
more of portions 12-20 may be omitted or target 10 may include more
or different body sections than portions 12-20.
[0045] In some embodiments, portions 12-20 can attach to one
another in a multiple different orientations to allow target 10 to
be arranged in different postures or positions. For example, arm
portions 14-16, head portion 18, and/or legs portion 20 may be
configured to pivot relative to torso portion 12 and/or may be
coupled to torso portion 12 in multiple different orientations. In
some embodiments, target 10 includes joints that allow portions
12-20 to move or rotate relative to each other in a manner that
simulates movement of an actual human body. For example, legs
portion 20 may rotate relative to torso portion 12 at hip joints
and may bend at knee joints (e.g., hinge joints). Arm portions
14-16 may pivot relative to torso portion 12 at shoulder joints
(e.g., ball and socket joints) and may bend at elbow joints (e.g.,
hinge joints). Head portion 18 may rotate relative to torso portion
12 at a neck joint. Target 10 may include fasteners or other
coupling features configured to secure arm portions 14-16, head
portion 18, and legs portion 20 in a particular position or
orientation relative to torso portion 12.
[0046] Portions 12-20 may be coupled together using any known or
otherwise suitable manner. For example, mechanical fasteners,
adhesives, welding, a dovetail and/or a tongue-and-groove type
coupling arrangement may be provided. In some embodiments, portions
12-20 are held in place by an interference fit, one or more
fasteners or one or more support rods which extend through two or
more of portions 12-20. For example, portions 12-20 may be held in
place by one or more removable support rods which extend through
support rod apertures formed in portions 12-20. Such support rods
may extend entirely through one or more of portions 12-20 or only
partially into portions 12-20. Such support rods may be hollow or
solid, and made of any appropriate rigid or semi-rigid material,
such as plastic. Forming the support rods of a material such as a
low density polyethylene may provide the desired rigidity while not
damaging a projectile should the penetrate into target 10 to such a
depth as to contact the support rods. Further, such support rods
may be pointed, or slightly pointed, at one end thereof, to
facilitate inserting the support rods through the support rod
apertures.
[0047] Target 10 is shown to include a structure that assists in
supporting target 10 in a desired (e.g., upright, etc.) use
position. In some embodiments, the support structure includes one
or more mounting rods or stakes 24. Stakes 24 may extend from the
bottom of legs portion 20 or may otherwise be coupled to legs
portion 20 (e.g., fastened to the sides of legs portion 20). Stakes
24 may be tubular members made of a strong rigid material, such as
metal (e.g., aluminum, steel, etc.) and may be molded into legs
portion 20 during the process of forming legs portion 20. Target 10
may be mounted in position for use by driving stakes 24 into the
ground or by driving separate stakes into the ground and attaching
stakes 24 thereto (e.g., by placing open ends of stakes 24 over
exposed ends of the stakes that have been inserted into the ground,
etc.). In other embodiments, stakes 24 may be secured to a support
panel 22 that rests on top of the ground, as shown in FIGS.
1-3.
[0048] Advantageously, target 10 is configured specifically for use
with a conducted electrical weapon 30 (e.g., a TASER, a stun gun,
an electric shock prod, a stun shield, etc.). For example, target
10 may be made of an electrically-conductive material (e.g., a
urethane foam) that conducts an electric current provided by
conducted electrical weapon 30. Of course, other suitable foam or
other electrically-conductive materials may be used to form target
10. Target 10 may be configured to receive and quickly stop
incoming projectiles 34 from conducted electrical weapon 30 and may
allow projectiles 34 to be removed without requiring any sort of
lubricant or removal device. The density of target 10 may be
similar to the density of one or more parts of an actual human so
as to closely simulate the penetration of projectiles 34 on a human
subject. The humanoid shape of target 10 allows target to be
outfitted with clothing or other accessories (e.g., belts, helmets,
armor, etc.) to more closely simulate an actual human subject.
[0049] In FIG. 1, conducted electrical weapon 30 is shown as a
handheld TASER, as may be sold by TASER International, Inc.
Conducted electrical weapon 30 may include a handheld housing that
contains an energy source (e.g., a battery) and can be used to fire
tethered projectiles 34 toward target 10. When projectiles 34 embed
in target 10, the electrically-conductive material from which
target 10 is formed may complete the electric circuit. High
voltage, low current, electric pulses may be delivered to target 10
through thin flexible wires 32. The electric current flows into
target 10 through one of wires 32, through target 10, and back to
conducted electrical weapon 30 through the other wire 32. The
electrical conductivity of target 10 may allow conducted electrical
weapon 30 to register a successful hit and may allow the electric
current to flow through the body of target 10 rather than arcing
through the air.
[0050] In some embodiments, target 10 includes multiple layers or
that vary in material density and/or electrical conductivity. For
example, target 10 may include a core made of a conductive and
dense material (e.g., configured to simulate human tissue) and an
outer layer made of a non-conductive and relatively less dense
material (e.g., configured to simulate clothing). In other
embodiments, the core is made of a non-conductive material and the
outer layer is made of a conductive material. In some embodiments,
target 10 includes three or more layers. For example target 10 may
include an inner core, a middle layer, and an outer layer. Each of
the layers may be made of a different material or combination of
materials with different densities, electrical conductivities,
and/or other material properties. In some embodiments, the outer
layer is made of a self-healing material (e.g., small cell cellular
plastic or rubber, open cell styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) foam,
open cell styrene, etc.). Several examples of layered and
non-layered materials from which target 10 may be constructed are
described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 13-18.
[0051] Referring now to FIGS. 4-6, another three-dimensional target
110 for conducted electrical weapons is shown, according to an
exemplary embodiment. Target 110 may include some or all of the
features of target 10, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
For example, target 110 is shown having a partial humanoid shape
and may have components that are approximately the same size as an
average-sized human. According to the embodiment illustrated,
target 110 has been formed into the approximate size and shape of
the upper body of an adult male human (i.e., shaped like a human
torso, head, and/or arms). In other embodiments, target 110 may be
formed into the approximate size and shape of the upper body of an
adult female human, an adolescent human, a small human, or any
other humanoid shape and/or size. According to various alternative
embodiments, target 110 may have an animal shape (e.g., a deer, a
wolf, a bear, a dog, etc.) or may have any of a variety of
geometric shapes and/or sizes (e.g., a cube, a sphere, a cylinder,
etc.).
[0052] Target 110 is shown to include a torso portion 112, a right
arm portion 114, a left arm portion 116, and a head portion 118. In
some embodiments, portions 112-118 are integrally formed as a
one-piece unitary body. For example, the entirety of target 110 may
be a unitary piece of molded foam (e.g., urethane foam). In other
embodiments, target 110 may be formed from a plurality of sections
that can be coupled together to define the overall shape of target
110. For example, torso portion 112, right arm portion 114, left
arm portion 116, and head portion 118 may be separate sections that
are molded separately and configured to attach to one another. In
some embodiments, one or more of portions 112-118 may be omitted or
target 110 may include more or different body sections than
portions 112-118. For example, FIG. 4 shows target 110 with head
portion 118 omitted and FIG. 5 shows target 110 with both head
portion 118 and arm portions 114-116 omitted.
[0053] In some embodiments, portions 112-118 can attach to one
another in a multiple different orientations to allow target 110 to
be arranged in different postures or positions. For example, arm
portions 114-116 and/or head portion 118 may be configured to pivot
relative to torso portion 112 and/or may be coupled to torso
portion 112 in multiple different orientations. In some
embodiments, target 110 includes joints that allow portions 112-118
to move or rotate relative to each other in a manner that simulates
movement of an actual human body. For example, arm portions 114-116
may pivot relative to torso portion 112 at shoulder joints (e.g.,
ball and socket joints) and may bend at elbow joints (e.g., hinge
joints). Head portion 118 may rotate relative to torso portion 112
at a neck joint. Target 110 may include fasteners or other coupling
features configured to secure arm portions 114-116 and head portion
118 in a particular position or orientation relative to torso
portion 112.
[0054] Portions 112-118 may be coupled together using any known or
otherwise suitable manner. For example, mechanical fasteners,
adhesives, welding, a dovetail and/or a tongue-and-groove type
coupling arrangement may be provided. In some embodiments, portions
112-118 are held in place by an interference fit, one or more
fasteners or one or more support rods which extend through two or
more of portions 112-118. For example, portions 112-118 may be held
in place by one or more removable support rods which extend through
support rod apertures formed in portions 112-118. Such support rods
may extend entirely through one or more of portions 112-118 or only
partially into portions 112-118. Such support rods may be hollow or
solid, and made of any appropriate rigid or semi-rigid material,
such as plastic. Forming the support rods of a material such as a
low density polyethylene may provide the desired rigidity while not
damaging a projectile should the penetrate into target 110 to such
a depth as to contact the support rods. Further, such support rods
may be pointed, or slightly pointed, at one end thereof, to
facilitate inserting the support rods through the support rod
apertures.
[0055] Target 110 is shown to include a structure that assists in
supporting target 110 in a desired (e.g., upright, etc.) use
position. In some embodiments, the support structure includes one
or more mounting rods or stakes 124. According to the embodiment
illustrated, a stake 124 may extend from the bottom of torso
portion 112 or may otherwise be coupled to torso portion 112 (e.g.,
fastened to the side or back of torso portion 112). Stake 124 may
be a tubular member made of a strong rigid material, such as metal
(e.g., aluminum, steel, etc.) and may be molded into torso portion
112 during the process of forming torso portion 112. Target 110 may
be mounted in position for use by driving stake 124 into the ground
or by driving a separate stake into the ground and attaching stake
124 thereto (e.g., by placing an open end of stake 124 over an
exposed ends of the stake that have been inserted into the ground,
etc.). In other embodiments, stake 124 may be secured to a support
panel 122 that rests on top of the ground, as shown in FIGS.
4-6.
[0056] Advantageously, target 110 is configured specifically for
use with a conducted electrical weapon (e.g., a TASER, a stun gun,
an electric shock prod, a stun shield, etc.). For example, target
110 may be made of an electrically-conductive material (e.g., a
urethane foam) that conducts an electric current provided by a
conducted electrical weapon (e.g., conducted electrical weapon 30,
shown in FIG. 1). Of course, other suitable foam or other
electrically-conductive materials may be used to form target 110.
Target 110 may be configured to receive and quickly stop incoming
projectiles 34 from conducted electrical weapon 30 and may allow
projectiles 34 to be removed without requiring any sort of
lubricant or removal device. The density of target 110 may be
similar to the density of one or more parts of an actual human so
as to closely simulate the penetration of projectiles 34 on a human
subject.
[0057] When projectiles 34 embed in target 110, the
electrically-conductive material from which target 110 is formed
may complete the electric circuit. High voltage, low current,
electric pulses may be delivered to target 110 through thin
flexible wires 32. The electric current flows into target 110
through one of wires 32, through target 10, and back to conducted
electrical weapon 30 through the other wire 32. The electrical
conductivity of target 110 may allow conducted electrical weapon 30
to register a successful hit and may allow the electric current to
flow through the body of target 110 rather than arcing through the
air. The humanoid shape of target 110 allows target to be outfitted
with clothing or other accessories (e.g., belts, helmets, armor,
etc.) to more closely simulate an actual human subject.
[0058] In some embodiments, target 110 includes multiple layers or
that vary in material density and/or electrical conductivity. For
example, target 110 may include a core made of a conductive and
dense material (e.g., configured to simulate human tissue) and an
outer layer made of a non-conductive and relatively less dense
material (e.g., configured to simulate clothing). In other
embodiments, the core is made of a non-conductive material and the
outer layer is made of a conductive material. In some embodiments,
target 110 includes three or more layers. For example target 110
may include an inner core, a middle layer, and an outer layer. Each
of the layers may be made of a different material or combination of
materials with different densities, electrical conductivities,
and/or other material properties. In some embodiments, the outer
layer is made of a self-healing material (e.g., small cell cellular
plastic or rubber, open cell styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) foam,
open cell styrene, etc.). Several examples of layered and
non-layered materials from which target 110 may be constructed are
described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 13-18.
[0059] Referring now to FIGS. 7-9, another three-dimensional target
210 for conducted electrical weapons is shown, according to an
exemplary embodiment. Target 210 may include some or all of the
features of target 10, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
For example, target 210 is shown having a humanoid shape and may be
the approximate size of a human (e.g., between five and six feet
tall). According to the embodiment illustrated, target 210 has been
formed into the approximate size and shape of an adult male human.
In other embodiments, target 210 may be formed into the approximate
size and shape of an adult female human, an adolescent human, a
small human, or any other humanoid shape and/or size. According to
various alternative embodiments, target 210 may have an animal
shape (e.g., a deer, a wolf, a bear, a dog, etc.) or may have any
of a variety of geometric shapes and/or sizes (e.g., a cube, a
sphere, a cylinder, etc.).
[0060] Target 210 is shown to include a torso portion 212, a right
arm portion 214, a left arm portion 216, a head portion 218, and a
legs portion 220. In some embodiments, portions 212-220 are
integrally formed as a one-piece unitary body. For example, the
entirety of target 210 may be a unitary piece of molded foam (e.g.,
urethane foam). In other embodiments, target 210 may be formed from
a plurality of sections that can be coupled together to define the
overall shape of target 210. For example, torso portion 212, right
arm portion 214, left arm portion 216, head portion 218, and legs
portion 220 may be separate sections that are molded separately and
configured to attach to one another. In some embodiments, one or
more of portions 212-220 may be omitted or target 210 may include
more or different body sections than portions 212-220.
[0061] In some embodiments, portions 212-220 can attach to one
another in a multiple different orientations to allow target 210 to
be arranged in different postures or positions. For example, arm
portions 214-216, head portion 218, and/or legs portion 220 may be
configured to pivot relative to torso portion 212 and/or may be
coupled to torso portion 212 in multiple different orientations. In
some embodiments, target 210 includes joints that allow portions
212-220 to move or rotate relative to each other in a manner that
simulates movement of an actual human body. For example, legs
portion 220 may rotate relative to torso portion 212 at hip joints
and may bend at knee joints (e.g., hinge joints). Arm portions
214-216 may pivot relative to torso portion 212 at shoulder joints
(e.g., ball and socket joints) and may bend at elbow joints (e.g.,
hinge joints). Head portion 218 may rotate relative to torso
portion 212 at a neck joint. Target 210 may include fasteners or
other coupling features configured to secure arm portions 214-216,
head portion 218, and legs portion 220 in a particular position or
orientation relative to torso portion 212.
[0062] Portions 212-220 may be coupled together using any known or
otherwise suitable manner. For example, mechanical fasteners,
adhesives, welding, a dovetail and/or a tongue-and-groove type
coupling arrangement may be provided. In some embodiments, portions
212-220 are held in place by an interference fit, one or more
fasteners or one or more support rods which extend through two or
more of portions 212-220. For example, portions 212-220 may be held
in place by one or more removable support rods which extend through
support rod apertures formed in portions 212-220. Such support rods
may extend entirely through one or more of portions 212-220 or only
partially into portions 212-220. Such support rods may be hollow or
solid, and made of any appropriate rigid or semi-rigid material,
such as plastic. Forming the support rods of a material such as a
low density polyethylene may provide the desired rigidity while not
damaging a projectile should the penetrate into target 210 to such
a depth as to contact the support rods. Further, such support rods
may be pointed, or slightly pointed, at one end thereof, to
facilitate inserting the support rods through the support rod
apertures.
[0063] Target 210 is shown to include a structure that assists in
supporting target 210 in a desired (e.g., upright, etc.) use
position. In some embodiments, the support structure includes one
or more mounting rods or stakes 224. Stakes 224 may extend from the
bottom of legs portion 220 or may otherwise be coupled to legs
portion 220 (e.g., fastened to the sides of legs portion 220).
Stakes 224 may be tubular members made of a strong rigid material,
such as metal (e.g., aluminum, steel, etc.) and may be molded into
legs portion 220 during the process of forming legs portion 220.
Target 210 may be mounted in position for use by driving stakes 224
into the ground or by driving separate stakes into the ground and
attaching stakes 224 thereto (e.g., by placing open ends of stakes
224 over exposed ends of the stakes that have been inserted into
the ground, etc.). In other embodiments, stakes 224 may be secured
to a support panel 222 that rests on top of the ground, as shown in
FIGS. 7-9.
[0064] Advantageously, target 210 is configured specifically for
use with a conducted electrical weapon (e.g., a TASER, a stun gun,
an electric shock prod, a stun shield, etc.). For example, target
210 may be made of an electrically-conductive material (e.g., a
urethane foam) that conducts an electric current provided by a
conducted electrical weapon (e.g., conducted electrical weapon 30,
shown in FIG. 1). Of course, other suitable foam or other
electrically-conductive materials may be used to form target 210.
Target 210 may be configured to receive and quickly stop incoming
projectiles 34 from conducted electrical weapon 30 and may allow
projectiles 34 to be removed without requiring any sort of
lubricant or removal device. The density of target 210 may be
similar to the density of one or more parts of an actual human so
as to closely simulate the penetration of projectiles 34 on a human
subject.
[0065] When projectiles 34 embed in target 210, the
electrically-conductive material from which target 210 is formed
may complete the electric circuit. High voltage, low current,
electric pulses may be delivered to target 210 through thin
flexible wires 32. The electric current flows into target 210
through one of wires 32, through target 10, and back to conducted
electrical weapon 30 through the other wire 32. The electrical
conductivity of target 210 may allow conducted electrical weapon 30
to register a successful hit and may allow the electric current to
flow through the body of target 210 rather than arcing through the
air. The humanoid shape of target 210 allows target to be outfitted
with clothing or other accessories (e.g., belts, helmets, armor,
etc.) to more closely simulate an actual human subject.
[0066] In some embodiments, target 210 includes multiple layers or
that vary in material density and/or electrical conductivity. For
example, target 210 may include a core made of a conductive and
dense material (e.g., configured to simulate human tissue) and an
outer layer made of a non-conductive and relatively less dense
material (e.g., configured to simulate clothing). In other
embodiments, the core is made of a non-conductive material and the
outer layer is made of a conductive material. In some embodiments,
target 210 includes three or more layers. For example target 210
may include an inner core, a middle layer, and an outer layer. Each
of the layers may be made of a different material or combination of
materials with different densities, electrical conductivities,
and/or other material properties. In some embodiments, the outer
layer is made of a self-healing material (e.g., small cell cellular
plastic or rubber, open cell styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) foam,
open cell styrene, etc.). Several examples of layered and
non-layered materials from which target 210 may be constructed are
described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 13-18.
[0067] Still referring to FIGS. 7-9, target 210 is shown to include
a plurality of target zones 230-242. Target zones 230-242 are shown
to include an upper chest target zone 230, brachial plexus target
zones 232, forearm target zones 234, pelvic target zone 236, thigh
target zones 238, an calf target zones 240, and an upper back
target zone 242. In some embodiments, target zones 230-242 are
visually distinguishable from each other and/or from the remainder
of target 210. For example, target zones 230-242 may be visually
separated by markings (e.g., solid or broken lines) along an outer
surface of target 210 or may have a different color, pattern, or
other visual characteristic relative to each other and/or the
remainder of target 210. The markings may be formed by painting or
otherwise applying a mark to the outer surfaces of target 210 or by
molding or otherwise forming a three-dimensional ridge or groove in
target 210 to define the markings. In some embodiments, one or more
of target zones 230-242 is provided with a bulls eye or other
target mark.
[0068] Target zones 230-242 may be made of different materials
and/or different layers of materials that have different material
properties (e.g., density, electrical conductivity, etc.) relative
to each other and/or relative to the remainder of target 210. In
some embodiments, one or more of target zones 230-242 is
electrically-conductive (i.e., includes an electrically-conductive
material or layer), whereas the remainder of target 210 is not
electrically-conductive (i.e., does not include an
electrically-conductive material or layer). Advantageously, this
feature allows conducted electrical weapon 30 to register a hit
only when the tethered projectiles 34 successfully strike an
electrically-conductive target zone. In some embodiments, the
locations of the electrically-conductive target zones correspond to
locations of a human subject at which conducted electrical weapon
30 would be most effective (e.g., upper chest, brachial plexus,
forearms, pelvis, thighs, calves, etc.), whereas the locations of
the non-conductive zones correspond to locations at which conducted
electrical weapon 30 would be less effective or locations that
would typically be blocked by clothing or other accessories (e.g.,
feet, knees, belt, lower torso, etc.).
[0069] In some embodiments, the density of target 210 is
substantially constant throughout target 210. In other embodiments,
the density of target 210 varies in different locations. For
example, target zones 230-242 may have different densities relative
to each other and/or relative to the remainder of target 210. In
some embodiments, target zones 230-242 are made of a relatively
more dense material relative to the remainder of target 210.
Advantageously, this feature allows target zones 230-242 to be more
durable and deteriorate less rapidly relative to the remainder of
target 210.
[0070] In some embodiments, one or more of target zones 230-242 is
configured to be removable from target 210. For example, one or
more of target zones 230-242 may be repositionable and/or
replaceable target inserts, similar to the target insert described
in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/447,786, filed Apr. 16,
2012, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. As
such, after a target zone becomes excessively damaged (e.g., due to
repeated projectile strikes), the damaged target zone may be
replaced with a new target zone. Advantageously, this feature
allows target 210 to be restored to a useful condition without
requiring replacement of the entire target 210.
[0071] Referring now to FIGS. 10-12, another three-dimensional
target 310 for conducted electrical weapons is shown, according to
an exemplary embodiment. Target 310 may include some or all of the
features of target 110, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
For example, target 310 is shown having a partial humanoid shape
and may have components that are approximately the same size as an
average-sized human. According to the embodiment illustrated,
target 310 has been formed into the approximate size and shape of
the upper body of an adult male human (i.e., shaped like a human
torso, head, and/or arms). In other embodiments, target 310 may be
formed into the approximate size and shape of the upper body of an
adult female human, an adolescent human, a small human, or any
other humanoid shape and/or size. According to various alternative
embodiments, target 310 may have an animal shape (e.g., a deer, a
wolf, a bear, a dog, etc.) or may have any of a variety of
geometric shapes and/or sizes (e.g., a cube, a sphere, a cylinder,
etc.).
[0072] Target 310 is shown to include a torso portion 312, a right
arm portion 314, a left arm portion 316, and a head portion 318. In
some embodiments, portions 312-318 are integrally formed as a
one-piece unitary body. For example, the entirety of target 310 may
be a unitary piece of molded foam (e.g., urethane foam). In other
embodiments, target 310 may be formed from a plurality of sections
that can be coupled together to define the overall shape of target
310. For example, torso portion 312, right arm portion 314, left
arm portion 316, and head portion 318 may be separate sections that
are molded separately and configured to attach to one another. In
some embodiments, one or more of portions 312-318 may be omitted or
target 310 may include more or different body sections than
portions 312-318. For example, FIG. 11 shows target 310 with head
portion 318 omitted and FIG. 12 shows target 310 with both head
portion 318 and arm portions 314-316 omitted.
[0073] In some embodiments, portions 312-318 can attach to one
another in a multiple different orientations to allow target 310 to
be arranged in different postures or positions. For example, arm
portions 314-316 and/or head portion 318 may be configured to pivot
relative to torso portion 312 and/or may be coupled to torso
portion 312 in multiple different orientations. In some
embodiments, target 310 includes joints that allow portions 312-318
to move or rotate relative to each other in a manner that simulates
movement of an actual human body. For example, arm portions 314-316
may pivot relative to torso portion 312 at shoulder joints (e.g.,
ball and socket joints) and may bend at elbow joints (e.g., hinge
joints). Head portion 318 may rotate relative to torso portion 312
at a neck joint. Target 310 may include fasteners or other coupling
features configured to secure arm portions 314-316 and head portion
318 in a particular position or orientation relative to torso
portion 312.
[0074] Portions 312-318 may be coupled together using any known or
otherwise suitable manner. For example, mechanical fasteners,
adhesives, welding, a dovetail and/or a tongue-and-groove type
coupling arrangement may be provided. In some embodiments, portions
312-318 are held in place by an interference fit, one or more
fasteners or one or more support rods which extend through two or
more of portions 312-318. For example, portions 312-318 may be held
in place by one or more removable support rods which extend through
support rod apertures formed in portions 312-318. Such support rods
may extend entirely through one or more of portions 312-318 or only
partially into portions 312-318. Such support rods may be hollow or
solid, and made of any appropriate rigid or semi-rigid material,
such as plastic. Forming the support rods of a material such as a
low density polyethylene may provide the desired rigidity while not
damaging a projectile should the penetrate into target 310 to such
a depth as to contact the support rods. Further, such support rods
may be pointed, or slightly pointed, at one end thereof, to
facilitate inserting the support rods through the support rod
apertures.
[0075] Target 310 is shown to include a structure that assists in
supporting target 310 in a desired (e.g., upright, etc.) use
position. In some embodiments, the support structure includes one
or more mounting rods or stakes 324. According to the embodiment
illustrated, a stake 324 may extend from the bottom of torso
portion 312 or may otherwise be coupled to torso portion 312 (e.g.,
fastened to the side or back of torso portion 312). Stake 324 may
be a tubular member made of a strong rigid material, such as metal
(e.g., aluminum, steel, etc.) and may be molded into torso portion
312 during the process of forming torso portion 312. Target 310 may
be mounted in position for use by driving stake 324 into the ground
or by driving a separate stake into the ground and attaching stake
324 thereto (e.g., by placing an open end of stake 324 over an
exposed ends of the stake that have been inserted into the ground,
etc.). In other embodiments, stake 324 may be secured to a support
panel 322 that rests on top of the ground, as shown in FIGS.
10-12.
[0076] Advantageously, target 310 is configured specifically for
use with a conducted electrical weapon (e.g., a TASER, a stun gun,
an electric shock prod, a stun shield, etc.). For example, target
310 may be made of an electrically-conductive material (e.g., a
urethane foam) that conducts an electric current provided by a
conducted electrical weapon (e.g., conducted electrical weapon 30,
shown in FIG. 1). Of course, other suitable foam or other
electrically-conductive materials may be used to form target 310.
Target 310 may be configured to receive and quickly stop incoming
projectiles 34 from conducted electrical weapon 30 and may allow
projectiles 34 to be removed without requiring any sort of
lubricant or removal device. The density of target 310 may be
similar to the density of one or more parts of an actual human so
as to closely simulate the penetration of projectiles 34 on a human
subject.
[0077] When projectiles 34 embed in target 310, the
electrically-conductive material from which target 310 is formed
may complete the electric circuit. High voltage, low current,
electric pulses may be delivered to target 310 through thin
flexible wires 32. The electric current flows into target 310
through one of wires 32, through target 10, and back to conducted
electrical weapon 30 through the other wire 32. The electrical
conductivity of target 310 may allow conducted electrical weapon 30
to register a successful hit and may allow the electric current to
flow through the body of target 310 rather than arcing through the
air. The humanoid shape of target 310 allows target to be outfitted
with clothing or other accessories (e.g., belts, helmets, armor,
etc.) to more closely simulate an actual human subject.
[0078] In some embodiments, target 310 includes multiple layers or
that vary in material density and/or electrical conductivity. For
example, target 310 may include a core made of a conductive and
dense material (e.g., configured to simulate human tissue) and an
outer layer made of a non-conductive and relatively less dense
material (e.g., configured to simulate clothing). In other
embodiments, the core is made of a non-conductive material and the
outer layer is made of a conductive material. In some embodiments,
target 310 includes three or more layers. For example target 310
may include an inner core, a middle layer, and an outer layer. Each
of the layers may be made of a different material or combination of
materials with different densities, electrical conductivities,
and/or other material properties. In some embodiments, the outer
layer is made of a self-healing material (e.g., small cell cellular
plastic or rubber, open cell styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) foam,
open cell styrene, etc.). Several examples of layered and
non-layered materials from which target 310 may be constructed are
described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 13-18.
[0079] Still referring to FIGS. 10-12, target 310 is shown to
include a plurality of target zones 330-334. Target zones 330-334
are shown to include an upper chest target zone 330, brachial
plexus target zones 332, and forearm target zones 334. In some
embodiments, target 310 further includes an upper back target zone
(not shown). In some embodiments, target zones 330-334 are visually
distinguishable from each other and/or from the remainder of target
310. For example, target zones 330-334 may be visually separated by
markings (e.g., solid or broken lines) along an outer surface of
target 310 or may have a different color, pattern, or other visual
characteristic relative to each other and/or the remainder of
target 310. The markings may be formed by painting or otherwise
applying a mark to the outer surfaces of target 310 or by molding
or otherwise forming a three-dimensional ridge or groove in target
310 to define the markings. In some embodiments, one or more of
target zones 330-334 is provided with a bulls eye or other target
mark.
[0080] Target zones 330-334 may be made of different materials
and/or different layers of materials that have different material
properties (e.g., density, electrical conductivity, etc.) relative
to each other and/or relative to the remainder of target 310. In
some embodiments, one or more of target zones 330-334 is
electrically-conductive (i.e., includes an electrically-conductive
material or layer), whereas the remainder of target 310 is not
electrically-conductive (i.e., does not include an
electrically-conductive material or layer). Advantageously, this
feature allows conducted electrical weapon 30 to register a hit
only when the tethered projectiles 34 successfully strike an
electrically-conductive target zone. In some embodiments, the
locations of the electrically-conductive target zones correspond to
locations of a human subject at which conducted electrical weapon
30 would be most effective (e.g., upper chest, brachial plexus,
forearms, back, etc.), whereas the locations of the non-conductive
zones correspond to locations at which conducted electrical weapon
30 would be less effective or locations that would typically be
blocked by clothing or other accessories (e.g., feet, knees, belt,
lower torso, etc.).
[0081] In some embodiments, the density of target 310 is
substantially constant throughout target 310. In other embodiments,
the density of target 310 varies in different locations. For
example, target zones 330-334 may have different densities relative
to each other and/or relative to the remainder of target 310. In
some embodiments, target zones 330-334 are made of a relatively
more dense material relative to the remainder of target 310.
Advantageously, this feature allows target zones 330-334 to be more
durable and deteriorate less rapidly relative to the remainder of
target 310.
[0082] In some embodiments, one or more of target zones 330-334 is
configured to be removable from target 310. For example, one or
more of target zones 330-334 may be repositionable and/or
replaceable target inserts, similar to the target insert described
in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/447,786. As such, after a
target zone becomes excessively damaged (e.g., due to repeated
projectile strikes), the damaged target zone may be replaced with a
new target zone. Advantageously, this feature allows target 310 to
be restored to a useful condition without requiring replacement of
the entire target 310.
[0083] Referring now to FIGS. 13-18, several examples of layered
and non-layered materials 400-600 from which targets 10, 110, 210,
and 310 may be constructed are shown, according to an exemplary
embodiment. Materials 400-600 may be used for some or all of
targets 10, 110, 210, and 310. In some embodiments, targets 10,
110, 210, and 310 are constructed from a single layered or
non-layered material 400-600. In other embodiments, different
portions and/or target zones of targets 10, 110, 210, and 310 are
constructed from different materials 400-600. For example, target
zones 230-242 and 330-334 may be constructed from one of materials
400-600, whereas the remainder of targets 210 and 310 may be
constructed from a different material 400-600. As another example,
some portions of targets 10, 110, 210, and 310 (e.g., torso, head,
arms, legs, etc.) may be constructed from one of materials 400-600,
whereas other portions of targets 10, 110, 210, and 310, may be
constructed from a different material 400-600. It is contemplated
that materials 400-600 may be combined in any manner to form
targets 10, 110, 210, and 310.
[0084] Referring particularly to FIGS. 13-14, a non-layered
material 400 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG.
13 is a perspective view of material 400, whereas FIG. 14 is a
cross-sectional view of material 400 taken along line A-A shown in
FIG. 13. Material 400 is shown to include a single layer 402 which
extends from the surface 410 of material 400 inward. In some
embodiments, layer 402 is made of an electrically-conductive
material such as urethane foam. Of course, other suitable foam or
other electrically-conductive materials may be used to form layer
402. In some embodiments, material 400 is configured to absorb
moisture from the air (i.e., through surface 410) and retain the
moisture within layer 402. Retaining moisture within layer 402 may
improve the electrical conductivity of layer 402 and may facilitate
an electric current passing through layer 402.
[0085] As shown in FIG. 14, material 400 may receive incoming
projectiles 34 from a conducted electrical weapon. Material 400 be
configured to quickly stop projectiles 34 and may allow projectiles
34 to be pulled out or otherwise removed from material 400 without
requiring any sort of lubricant or removal device. For example,
material 400 may have a density sufficient to stop projectiles 34
prior to leads 36 fully penetrating surface 410 such that the wide
ends of barbs 38 do not penetrate surface 410. This may allow
projectiles 34 to be pulled out of material 400 without causing
barbs 38 to tear or create a larger hole in surface 410.
[0086] Referring now to FIGS. 15-16, a layered material 500 is
shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 15 is a
perspective view of material 500, whereas FIG. 16 is a
cross-sectional view of material 500 taken along line B-B shown in
FIG. 15. Material 500 is shown to include an inner layer 502 and an
outer layer 504 between layer 502 and surface 510. Layers 502-504
may be made of materials that have different densities and/or
electrical conductivities. In some embodiments, inner layer 502 is
made of an electrically-conductive material (e.g., as urethane
foam), whereas outer layer 504 is made of a
non-electrically-conductive material. Such a configuration may
allow the conducted electrical weapon 30 to register a successful
hit only if leads 36 penetrate sufficiently to make electrical
contact with inner layer 502. In other embodiments, outer layer 504
is made of an electrically-conductive material, whereas inner layer
502 is made of a non-electrically-conductive material. Such a
configuration may allow most of the target (i.e., inner layer 502)
to be made of a non-conductive material (which may be less
expensive or more durable than urethane foam) while still providing
an electrically-conductive layer 504 for use with a conducted
electrical weapon. In some embodiments, layers 502-504 are both
electrically-conductive.
[0087] In some embodiments, material 500 is configured to absorb
moisture from the air (i.e., through surface 510) and retain the
moisture within one or more of layers 502-504. In some embodiments,
inner layer 502 is treated with moisture when material 500 is
fabricated such that the moisture is absorbed within inner layer
502. Outer layer 504 may then be applied to seal in the moisture
and to prevent the moisture from escaping material 500. In some
embodiments, outer layer 504 is made of a self-healing material
(e.g., small cell cellular plastic or rubber, open cell styrene
butadiene rubber (SBR) foam, open cell styrene, etc.). For example,
outer layer 504 may be a coated liner having self-healing
properties, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
13/891,930, filed May 10, 2013, the entirety of which is
incorporated by reference herein.
[0088] In some embodiments, layers 502-504 are made of materials
that have different densities. For example, inner layer 502 may be
more or less dense than outer layer 504. In some embodiments, inner
layer 502 is made of a dense material (e.g., configured to simulate
human tissue), whereas outer layer 504 is made of a relatively less
dense material (e.g., configured to simulate clothing). In other
embodiments, outer layer 504 is made of a dense material, whereas
inner layer 502 is made of a relatively less dense material.
[0089] As shown in FIG. 16, material 500 may receive incoming
projectiles 34 from a conducted electrical weapon. Material 500 be
configured to quickly stop projectiles 34 and may allow projectiles
34 to be pulled out or otherwise removed from material 500 without
requiring any sort of lubricant or removal device. For example, one
or more of layers 502-504 may have a density sufficient to stop
projectiles 34 prior to leads 36 fully penetrating surface 510 such
that the wide ends of barbs 38 do not penetrate surface 510. This
may allow projectiles 34 to be pulled out of material 500 without
causing barbs 38 to tear or create a larger hole in surface
510.
[0090] Referring now to FIGS. 17-18, a layered material 600 is
shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 17 is a
perspective view of material 600, whereas FIG. 18 is a
cross-sectional view of material 600 taken along line C-C shown in
FIG. 17. Material 600 is shown to include an inner layer 602, a
middle layer 604, and an outer layer 606. Layers 602-606 may be
made of materials that have different densities and/or electrical
conductivities. In some embodiments, one or more of inner layer 602
and middle layer 604 is made of an electrically-conductive material
(e.g., as urethane foam), whereas outer layer 606 is made of a
non-electrically-conductive material. Such a configuration may
allow the conducted electrical weapon 30 to register a successful
hit only if leads 36 penetrate sufficiently to make electrical
contact with inner layer 602 and/or middle layer 604. In other
embodiments, only middle layer 604 is made of an
electrically-conductive material, whereas inner layer 602 and outer
layer 606 are made of non-electrically-conductive materials. Such a
configuration may allow most of the target to be made of a
non-conductive material (which may be less expensive or more
durable than urethane foam) while still providing an
electrically-conductive layer 604 for use with a conducted
electrical weapon. It is contemplated that any combination of
electrically-conductive and non-electrically-conductive layers may
be provided.
[0091] In some embodiments, material 600 is configured to absorb
moisture from the air (i.e., through surface 610) and retain the
moisture within one or more of layers 602-606. In some embodiments,
inner layer 602 and/or middle layer 604 is treated with moisture
when material 600 is fabricated such that the moisture is absorbed
within inner layer 602 and/or middle layer 604. Outer layer 606 may
then be applied to seal in the moisture and to prevent the moisture
from escaping material 600. In some embodiments, outer layer 606 is
made of a self-healing material (e.g., small cell cellular plastic
or rubber, open cell styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) foam, open cell
styrene, etc.). For example, outer layer 606 may be a coated liner
having self-healing properties, as described in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/891,930.
[0092] In some embodiments, layers 602-606 are made of materials
that have different densities. In some embodiments, inner layer 602
is made of a dense material (e.g., configured to simulate human
tissue), middle layer 604 is made of a relatively less dense
material (e.g., configured to simulate human skin), and outer layer
606 is made of a cloth or fabric material (e.g., configured to
simulate clothing). In other embodiments, outer layer 606 is made
of a dense material, whereas inner layer 602 and middle layer 504
are made of relatively less dense materials. It is contemplated
that any combination of material densities may be used for layers
602-606.
[0093] As shown in FIG. 18, material 600 may receive incoming
projectiles 34 from a conducted electrical weapon. Material 600 be
configured to quickly stop projectiles 34 and may allow projectiles
34 to be pulled out or otherwise removed from material 600 without
requiring any sort of lubricant or removal device. For example, one
or more of layers 602-606 may have a density sufficient to stop
projectiles 34 prior to leads 36 fully penetrating surface 620 such
that the wide ends of barbs 38 do not penetrate surface 610. This
may allow projectiles 34 to be pulled out of material 600 without
causing barbs 38 to tear or create a larger hole in surface
610.
[0094] The construction and arrangement of the target as shown in
the exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a
few implementations of the present disclosure have been described
in detail, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will
readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g.,
variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions
of the various elements, mounting arrangements, use of materials,
colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the
novel teachings and advantages of the described subject matter. For
example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of
multiple parts or elements. The elements and assemblies may be
constructed from any of a wide variety of materials that provide
sufficient strength or durability, in any of a wide variety of
colors, textures, and combinations. The order or sequence of any
process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to
alternative embodiments. All such modifications are intended to be
included within the scope of the present disclosure. Other
substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in
the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the preferred
and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of
the described subject matter.
[0095] While this description contains many specific implementation
details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope
of any disclosures or of what may be claimed, but rather as
descriptions of features specific to the exemplary embodiments
described herein. In certain instances, well-known or conventional
details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the
description.
[0096] References to "some embodiments," "one embodiment," "an
exemplary embodiment," and/or "various embodiments" in the present
disclosure can be, but not necessarily are, references to the same
embodiment. Such references should be interpreted to mean at least
one of the embodiments. Certain features that are described in the
context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in
combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features
that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also
be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any
suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be
described above as acting in certain combinations and even
initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed
combination may in some cases be excised from the combination, and
the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or
variation of a subcombination.
[0097] Alternative language and synonyms may be used for anyone or
more of the terms discussed herein. No special significance should
be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed
herein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one
or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The
use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples
of any terms discussed herein is illustrative only, and is not
intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the disclosure
or of any exemplified term. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited
to various embodiments given in this specification.
[0098] As used herein, the term "exemplary" means an example,
instance, or illustration. Any implementation or design described
as exemplary is not necessarily preferred or advantageous over
other implementations or designs. Rather, use of the term exemplary
is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner.
[0099] As used herein, the terms "approximately," "about,"
"substantially," and similar terms are intended to have a broad
meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of
ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this
disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in
the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to
allow a description of certain features described and claimed
without restricting the scope of these features to the precise
numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be
interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential
modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and
claimed are considered to be within the scope of the invention as
recited in the appended claims.
[0100] As used herein, the term "coupled" means the joining of two
members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be
stationary in nature or moveable in nature. Such joining may be
achieved with the two members or the two members and any additional
intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary
body with one another or with the two members or the two members
and any additional intermediate members being attached to one
another. Such joining may be permanent in nature or alternatively
may be removable, releasable, or reversible in nature.
* * * * *