U.S. patent application number 15/225849 was filed with the patent office on 2017-02-02 for device, system and method for noninvasively monitoring physiological parameters.
The applicant listed for this patent is G MEDICAL INNOVATION HOLDINGS LTD.. Invention is credited to Shiri CARMIELLI, Yaron CHEN, Tzur DI-CORI, NIR GEVA, Yacov GEVA, Rafi HEUMANN, Noam RACHELI, Nimrod ROSPSHA.
Application Number | 20170027521 15/225849 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57886221 |
Filed Date | 2017-02-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170027521 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GEVA; NIR ; et al. |
February 2, 2017 |
DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR NONINVASIVELY MONITORING
PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Abstract
A system for monitoring vital signs, configured to be used in
conjunction with a computerized mobile device, the system
including: a cover sensor assembly adapted to be operably engaged
with the computerized mobile device, the cover sensor assembly
having integrated therein at least one physiological sensor; a
physiological data acquisition module configured to generate a
physiological parameter measurement descriptive of a physical
stimulus received by the at least one physiological sensor; and a
validation module configured to control a validity status of the
physiological parameter measurement.
Inventors: |
GEVA; NIR; (Ness Ziona,
IL) ; GEVA; Yacov; (London, GB) ; HEUMANN;
Rafi; (Raanana, IL) ; CARMIELLI; Shiri;
(Nes-Ziona, IL) ; RACHELI; Noam; (Hadera, IL)
; ROSPSHA; Nimrod; (Rishon Lezion, IL) ; CHEN;
Yaron; (Hod Hasharon, IL) ; DI-CORI; Tzur;
(Modiin, IL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
G MEDICAL INNOVATION HOLDINGS LTD. |
Mosta |
|
MT |
|
|
Family ID: |
57886221 |
Appl. No.: |
15/225849 |
Filed: |
August 2, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62200072 |
Aug 2, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 5/0024 20130101;
A61B 5/04087 20130101; A61B 5/6815 20130101; A61B 2562/222
20130101; A61B 5/4848 20130101; A61B 5/6816 20130101; A61B 5/0086
20130101; A61N 1/37252 20130101; A61B 5/0006 20130101; A61B 5/024
20130101; A61B 5/02416 20130101; A61B 5/145 20130101; A61B 5/0402
20130101; A61B 5/4836 20130101; A61B 5/02438 20130101; A61N 1/36025
20130101; A61N 1/0484 20130101; A61B 5/0008 20130101; A61B 5/7221
20130101; A61B 5/14551 20130101; A61B 5/20 20130101; A61B 5/021
20130101; A61B 5/14552 20130101; A61B 5/6843 20130101; A61N 1/0456
20130101; A61N 1/36021 20130101; A61B 5/0404 20130101; A61B 5/6898
20130101; A61B 5/02055 20130101; A61B 5/04085 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 5/00 20060101
A61B005/00; A61B 5/024 20060101 A61B005/024; A61B 5/16 20060101
A61B005/16; A61B 5/021 20060101 A61B005/021; A61B 5/145 20060101
A61B005/145; A61B 5/01 20060101 A61B005/01; A61B 5/0402 20060101
A61B005/0402 |
Claims
1. A system for monitoring vital signs, configured to be used in
conjunction with a computerized mobile device, the system
comprising: a cover sensor assembly adapted to be operably engaged
with the computerized mobile device, said cover sensor assembly
having integrated therein at least one physiological sensor; a
physiological data acquisition module configured to generate a
physiological parameter measurement descriptive of a physical
stimulus received by said at least one physiological sensor and a
validation module configured to control a validity status of said
physiological parameter measurement,
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one
validation sensor, positioned so as to be used in conjunction with
said at least one physiological sensor and configured to provide
validation data to said validation module to determine said
validity status of said physiological parameter Measurement.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said at least one validation
sensor configured to sense Whether said at least one physiological
sensor is positioned to receive said physical stimulus in a valid
manner.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein said at least one physiological
sensor is a photoplethysmograph sensor and said at least one
validation sensor is selected from a group of sensors including: a
pressure sensor, a position sensor, a capacitance sensor, a
conductance sensor.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one physiological
sensor is selected from the group including: a temperature sensor,
a heart rate sensor, an ECG sensor, a photoplethysmograph sensor, a
blood pressure sensor and a blood composition sensor.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one validation
sensor is selected from a group of sensors including: a pressure
sensor, a force sensor, a temperature sensor, an impedance sensor,
a capacitance sensor, a torque sensor, an accelerometer, a
barometer, a light sensor, proximity sensor, a position sensor, a
conductance sensor and a humidity sensor.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one physiological
Sensor includes a capacitive sensor.
7. The system of claim 3, wherein said at least one validation
sensor is integrated into said cover sensor assembly.
8. The system of claim 3, wherein said at least one validation
sensor includes a plurality of said validation sensors, at least
one of which is integrated into the computerized mobile device
operably engaged with said cover sensor assembly.
9. The system of claim 3, wherein said at least one validation
sensor includes a plurality of said validation sensors, at least
one of said plurality of validation sensors is integrated into said
cover sensor assembly and at least one of said plurality of
validation sensors is integrated into the computerized mobile
device operably engaged with said cover sensor assembly.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one physiological
sensor includes a plurality of said physiological sensors, at least
one of which is integrated in the computerized mobile device.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein said at least one physiological
sensor includes a capacitive touch screen of the computerized
mobile device.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one physiological
or is built into a location on said cover sensor assembly selected
from the group comprising: a backside, a front side and a
sidewall.
13. The system of claim 7, wherein said at least one validation
sensor is built into a location on said cover sensor assembly
selected from the group comprising a backside, a front side and a
sidewall.
14. A system for monitoring vital signs, configured to be used in
conjunction with a computerized mobile device, the system
comprising: a cover sensor assembly adapted to be operably engaged
with the computerized mobile device, said cover sensor assembly
having integrated therein an array of conductive elements, each of
said conductive elements being electrically isolated from other
said conductive elements, such that when a sub-group of said
conductive elements are electrically coupled together said
sub-group operates as a first physiological sensor; and a
physiological data acquisition module configured to generate data
descriptive of a physical stimulus received by said first
physiological sensor.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein a second sub-group of said
conductive elements operate as a second physiological sensor when
said second sub-group of conductive sensors are electrically
coupled together and said physiological data acquisition module is
further adapted to generate data descriptive of physical stimuli
received by said first physiological sensor and said second
physiological sensor.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein a third sub-group of said
conductive elements operate as a third physiological sensor when
said third sub-group of conductive sensors are electrically coupled
together and said physiological data acquisition module is further
adapted to generate data descriptive of physical stimuli received
by said first, second and third physiological sensors.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein said array of conductive
elements is a line-column array.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein said conductive elements are
hexagonal in shape and arranged in a grid formation such that at
least one side of each of said hexagonal shaped conductive elements
abuts a side of another of said hexagonal shaped conductive
elements in said grid formation.
19. A system for monitoring vital signs, configured to be used in
conjunction with a computerized mobile device, the system
comprising: a cover sensor assembly adapted to be operably engaged
with the computerized mobile device, said cam sensor assembly
having integrated therein an electrical connector port, said
electrical connector port having a male-shaped end and a
female-shaped end, said male-shaped end adapted to engage a power
port of the computerized mobile device and said female-shaped end
adapted to receive an external power coupling, said electrical port
having a connected state and a disconnected state, wherein in said
connected state, said cover sensor assembly is electrically coupled
with the computerized mobile device and in said disconnected state,
said cover sensor assembly is electrically disconnected from said
computerized mobile device; said electrical connector port
transforming from said connected state to said disconnected state
when said external power coupling is inserted in said female-shaped
end of said electrical connector port.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein said electrical connector port
comprises: two power pins and two data pins; wherein said external
power coupling, when inserted in said electrical connector port,
causes said two power pins to disengage from power couplings of
said cover assembly in said electrical connector port, such that
said electrical connector port is electrically disconnected from
said external power coupling while adapted to be in electrical
communication with the computerized mobile device.
Description
FIELD
[0001] Embodiments disclosed herein relate in general to the
monitoring of physiological parameters of the human body and,
particularly, to the noninvasive monitoring of such physiological
parameters.
BACKGROUND
[0002] A relatively high proportion of the human population suffers
from various long term medical conditions such as high blood
pressure, cardiac arrhythmia and/or diabetes. These conditions are
factors in increased risk of stroke, and yet, many of those
suffering from such conditions are not treated properly due to lack
of awareness or difficulties in diagnosis. Moreover, large parts of
the population live with symptoms which may be indicative of
increased likelihood of health conditions such as cardiac ischemia
that may lead to Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) and other
harmful events.
[0003] The monitoring of physiological parameters may provide
insight to symptoms and can uncover conditions that may develop
into adverse health conditions. The description above is presented
as a general overview of related art in this field and should not
be construed as an admission that any of the information it
contains constitutes prior art against the present patent
application.
SUMMARY
[0004] According to the present invention there is provided a
system for monitoring vital signs, configured to be used in
conjunction with a computerized mobile device, the system
including: a cover sensor assembly adapted to be operably engaged
with the computerized mobile device, the cover sensor assembly
having integrated therein at least one physiological sensor; a
physiological data acquisition module configured to generate a
physiological parameter measurement descriptive of a physical
stimulus received by the at least one physiological sensor; and a
validation module configured to control a validity status of the
physiological parameter measurement.
[0005] According to further features in preferred embodiments of
the invention described below the system further includes at least
one validation sensor, positioned so as to be used in conjunction
with the at least one physiological sensor and configured to
provide validation data to the validation module to determine the
validity status of the physiological parameter measurement.
[0006] According to still further features in the described
preferred embodiments the at least one validation sensor configured
to sense whether the at least one physiological sensor is
positioned to receive the physical stimulus in a valid manner.
[0007] According to still further features the at least one
physiological sensor is a photoplethysmograph sensor and the at
least one validation sensor is selected from a group of sensors
including: a pressure sensor, a position sensor, a capacitance
sensor, a conductance sensor.
[0008] According to still further features the at least one
physiological sensor is selected from the group including: a
temperature sensor, a heart rate sensor, an ECG Sensor, a
photoplethys-mograph sensor, a blood pressure sensor and a blood
composition sensor.
[0009] According to still further features the at least one
validation sensor is selected from a group of sensors including: a
pressure sensor, a force sensor, a temperature sensor, an impedance
sensor, a capacitance sensor, a torque sensor, an accelerometer, a
barometer, a light sensor, proximity sensor, a position sensor, a
conductance sensor and a humidity sensor.
[0010] According to still further features the at least one
validation sensor is integrated into the cover sensor assembly.
[0011] According to still further features the at least one
validation sensor includes a plurality of the validation sensors
and at least one of the plurality of validation sensors is
integrated into the computerized mobile device operably engaged
with the cover sensor assembly. Alternatively, at least one of the
plurality of validation sensors is integrated into the cover sensor
assembly and at least one of the plurality of validation sensors is
integrated into the computerized mobile device operably engaged
with the cover sensor assembly.
[0012] According to still further features the at least one
physiological sensor includes a plurality of the physiological
sensors and at least one of the plurality of physiological sensors
is integrated in the computerized mobile device.
[0013] According to still further features the at least one
physiological sensor and/or at least one validation sensor is built
into a location on the cover sensor assembly selected from the
group including: a backside, a front side and a sidewall.
[0014] According to still further features the at least one
physiological sensor includes a capacitive sensor.
[0015] According to still further features at least one
physiological sensor includes a capacitive touch screen of the
computerized mobile device.
[0016] According to another embodiment there is provided a system
for monitoring vital signs, configured to be used in conjunction
with a computerized mobile device, the system including: a cover
sensor assembly adapted to be operably engaged with the
computerized mobile device, the cover sensor assembly having
integrated therein an array of conductive elements, each of the
conductive elements being electrically isolated from other the
conductive elements, such that when a sub-group of the conductive
elements are electrically coupled together the sub-group operates
as a first physiological sensor; and a physiological data
acquisition module configured to generate data descriptive of a
physical stimulus received by the first physiological sensor.
[0017] According to still further features a second sub-group of
the conductive elements operate as a second physiological sensor
when the second sub-group of conductive sensors are electrically
coupled together and the physiological data acquisition module is
further adapted to generate data descriptive of physical stimuli
received by the first physiological sensor and the second
physiological sensor.
[0018] According to still further features a third sub-group of the
conductive elements operate as a third physiological sensor when
the third sub-group of conductive sensors are electrically coupled
together and the physiological data acquisition module is further
adapted to generate data descriptive of physical stimuli received
by the first, second and third physiological sensors.
[0019] According to still further features the array of conductive
elements is a line-column array. Alternatively the conductive
elements are hexagonal in shape and arranged in a grid formation
such that at least one side of each of the hexagonal shaped
conductive elements abuts a side of another of the hexagonal shaped
conductive elements in the grid formation.
[0020] According to another embodiment there is provided a system
for monitoring vital signs, configured to be used in conjunction
with a computerized mobile device, the system including:
[0021] a cover sensor assembly adapted to be operably engaged with
the computerized mobile device, the cover sensor assembly having
integrated therein an electrical connector port, the electrical
connector port having a male-shaped end and a female-shaped end,
the male-shaped end adapted to engage a power port of the
computerized mobile device and the female-shaped end adapted to
receive an external power coupling, the electrical port having a
connected state and a disconnected state, wherein in the connected
state, the cover sensor assembly is electrically coupled with the
computerized mobile device and in the disconnected state, the cover
sensor assembly is electrically disconnected from the computerized
mobile device; the electrical connector port transforming from the
connected state to the disconnected state when the external power
coupling is inserted in the female-shaped end of the electrical
connector port.
[0022] According to still further features the electrical connector
port comprises: two power pins and two data pins; wherein the
external power coupling, when inserted in the electrical connector
port, causes the two power pins to disengage from power couplings
of the cover assembly in the electrical connector port, such that
the electrical connector port is electrically disconnected from the
external power coupling while adapted to be in electrical
communication with the computerized mobile device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0023] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown
in the figures may not necessarily been drawn to scale. For
example, the dimensions of sonic of the elements may be exaggerated
relative to other elements for clarity of presentation.
Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures
to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are
listed below.
[0024] FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagram illustration of a
system for monitoring physiological parameters of a user, according
to an embodiment;
[0025] FIG. 1B is a schematic back-view illustration of a sensor
assembly installed and operably engaging with a computerized mobile
device to form a system for monitoring physiological parameters,
according to an embodiment;
[0026] FIG. 1C is another schematic back-view illustration of the
sensor assembly and operably engaging with the computerized mobile
device, according to an embodiment;
[0027] FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective front-view illustration
of the sensor assembly and operably engaging with the computerized
mobile device, according to an embodiment;
[0028] FIG. 2B is another schematic perspective front-view
illustration of the sensor assembly and operably engaging with the
computerized mobile device, according to an embodiment;
[0029] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary sensor
electrode array;
[0030] FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram illustration of an
embodiment of the system; and
[0031] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustration of a method for
measuring and monitoring physiological parameters of a user.
[0032] FIG. 6A-C show a switch/disconnecting mechanism for
disconnecting sensor electronics;
[0033] FIG. 6D-G show other switch/disconnecting mechanisms;
[0034] FIG. 7 is a diagram of an embodiment of the cover assembly
including capacitance sensors;
[0035] FIG. 8A-C show embodiments of the cover assembly coupled to
a mobile computing device with a capacitive touch screen;
[0036] FIG. 9A-9C show embodiments of an exemplary temperature
sensor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] The following description of a device, system and method for
monitoring human physiological parameters is given with reference
to particular examples, with the understanding that the device,
system and method is not limited to these examples.
[0038] Referring to FIGS. 1A-1C and FIGS. 2A-2B, an exemplary
embodiment of a monitoring system 1000 for monitoring physiological
parameters may include a cover sensor assembly 1100 that can be
operably engaged with a computerized mobile device 1200. Monitoring
system 1000 may be operative to enable the implementation of a
monitoring method, process and/or operation for monitoring
physiological parameters of a user of the system.
[0039] The term "user" as used herein may refer to a human
individual. Such method, process and/or operation may herein be
implemented by a "Monitoring Engine", and may be schematically
illustrated as a block referenced by alphanumeric label "1500". The
term "engine" as used herein may also relate to and/or include a
module and/or a computerized application.
[0040] The term "engine" may comprise one or more computer modules,
wherein a module may be a self-contained hardware (HW) and/or
software (SW) component that interfaces with a larger system (see
e.g. Alan Freedman, The Computer Glossary 268, 8.sup.th ed., 1998).
Such module may be embodied by a circuit or a controller programmed
to cause the system to implement a method, process and/or operation
as disclosed herein.
[0041] A module may comprise a machine and/or machine-executable
instructions. For example, a module may be implemented as a HW
circuit comprising, e.g., custom very large scale integration
(VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductor devices
such as logic gates, transistors, or other discrete components. A
module may also be implemented in programmable HW devices such as
field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic,
programmable logic devices or the like.
[0042] In an embodiment, monitoring engine 1500 may include a
physiological data acquisition module 1510 that generates data
("phy-data") descriptive of a physical stimulus received by a
physiological parameter sensor 1140 and which relates to a
physiological parameter of a user being monitored, and a validation
module 1520 that may determine the status of the validity of the
generated phy-data. In an embodiment, monitoring engine 1500 may
provide the user only with physiological parameter information for
which it is determined by validation module 1520 that the mentioned
information is valid.
[0043] In an embodiment, monitoring engine 1500 enables monitoring
system 1000 to collect and analyze data descriptive of values of a
plurality of physiological parameters over time, display graphs to
show trends in physiological parameter values and, optionally,
alert the user and/or a third party in the event values of a
physiological parameter deviate from a normal range (e.g., below or
a above a threshold value). Changes in physiological parameters may
be displayed to the user of the monitoring system substantially in
real-time. In an embodiment, monitoring engine 1500 of system 1000
may automatically analyze and cause the system to provide feedback
relating to the physiological information acquired.
[0044] Acquisition module 1510 may comprise physiological sensors
1110 that are integrated into cover sensor assembly 1100 (FIG. 1B)
and, optionally, in mobile device 1200. Further, validation module
1520 may comprise validation sensors 1120 included in cover sensor
assembly 1100 and, optionally in mobile device 1200 (FIG. 1B).
[0045] In an embodiment, the sensors of, or comprised in, cover
sensor assembly 1100 may be shielded from electromagnetic radiation
that may be emitted by mobile device 1200 in order to reduce or
eliminate electromagnetic interference to which the sensors of
cover sensor assembly 1100 might otherwise be subjected to. The
sensors of cover sensor assembly 1100 may thus be operative to
measure physiological parameters even during transmission from, and
reception of, communication signals by mobile device 1200, for
example, When surfing the Web with the mobile device and/or during
a telephone call conducted using mobile device 1200.
[0046] The expression "measuring physiological parameters" as well
as grammatical variations thereof may also encompass the meaning of
the term "estimating values of physiological parameters".
[0047] A computerized mobile device may, for example, refer to a
multifunction mobile end-user device, also known as "cellphone" or
"smartphone" a tablet computer, a mini-tablet computer, a personal
digital assistant, a handheld computer, and/or a notebook
computer.
[0048] Cover sensor assembly 1100 may include a cover 1105 suitable
to cover or encase, at least partially, mobile device 1200. Cover
1105 has a backside shown schematically in FIGS. 1B-1C, and a front
side shown schematically in FIGS. 2A-2B for covering mobile device
1200. Cover 1105 may include a sidewall body portion extending from
the edge of the front side to the edge of the cover's backside. In
an embodiment, the cover's backside may cover the back of mobile
device 1200. The front side may have the form of a rim or frame
which, when cover 1105 is installed, rims at least a sufficient
portion of the front side of mobile device 1200 so that the device
is, at least partially, framed by the cover's backside and rim,
coupling the cover to the mobile device. Cover 1105 may be
installable on mobile devices 1200 having various shapes and forms.
The cover may be sturdy and inflexible or elastically flexible.
[0049] Cover sensor assembly 1100 further includes one or more
physiological parameter sensors 1110 at the cover's front side
(e.g., sensors 1110A-1110E shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C) and one or
more physiological parameter sensors at the cover's backside (e.g.,
sensors 1110Fa and 1110F shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) for determining
a present value of one or more physiological parameters. One or
more physiological sensors or interfaces may be located at the
sidewall of cover 1105 such as, for example, a "blood-composition"
sensor 1110G for measuring glucose and/or cholesterol
concentration. Optionally, "blood-composition" sensor 1110G may be
operative to determine the blood type sampled by a strip 1111G.
Monitoring system 1000 may be operative to enable, for example,
transmission of blood-related information including, e.g., glucose
level, cholesterol level and/or blood type to a third party, e.g.,
as outlined herein below in more detail. The transmission of
information to a third party may occur responsive to the pressing
or engaging of a button 1190 (also referred to as a "panic button")
which may be provided by cover sensor assembly 1100 and/or mobile
device 1200.
[0050] In an embodiment, responsive to engaging panic button 1190,
an alarm message is issued to a third party. In an embodiment,
monitoring engine 1500 may be configured to filter out unwanted or
inadvertent pressing of the panic button, to avoid or reduce the
likelihood of false alarms. However, the panic button may be
operational even if, for example, mobile device 1200 is in sleep
mode, turned off, or locked.
[0051] In an embodiment, physiological and/or validation sensors
1110 and/or 1120 may be included in and/or constitute a part of the
backside and the front side of cover 1105. For example,
physiological sensors 1110A-1110E (FIGS. 1B and 1C), can be
included in or constitute a part of the backside of cover 1105,
while sensors 1110Fa and 1110F (FIGS. 2A and 2B) may be included in
or constitute apart of the front side of cover 1105. Furthermore,
physiological and/or validation sensors 1110 and/or 1120 may be
included in and/or constitute a part of the cover's sidewall like.
e.g., sensor 1110G.
[0052] A physiological parameter sensor may in some instances be
referred to as "physiological sensor" or "cover physiological
sensor".
[0053] Cover sensor assembly 1100 may further include one or more
validation sensors 1120 at the backside, front side and sidewall of
cover 1105. Validation sensors 1120 are positioned so that they can
be used in conjunction with physiological parameter sensors 1110
for controlling the validity status of a physiological parameter
measurement. For example, the readings of one or more of validation
sensors 1120 may be used for determining whether the at least one
validation criterion or the conditions for displaying the user with
physiological parameter information is/are met. In an embodiment,
the readings of a plurality of validation sensors 1120 may be
combined together in order to get indication that the physiological
measurement will be reliable. The combination, for example, can be
defined as using several sensors for indicating that the user holds
the device still (threshold over the accelerometer readings), that
the user places a finger on a correct position (using conductive
sensors), and/or that the pressure of the finger over the sensor is
in a correct range (threshold over pressure sensor readings). In an
embodiment, the readings of a plurality of validation sensors 1120
may be compared against each other to determine different
weightings or to discard readings of physiological sensors 1110 or,
in an embodiment to automatically toggle. between physiological
sensors 1110 acquiring the same physiological parameter. For
instance, monitoring engine 1500 may toggle between the reading of
acquiring ECG signals and impedance measurements.
[0054] In an embodiment, while a user engages a body portion with
one or more of the physiological sensors 1110 for determining a
present value of a physiological parameter over time, validation
sensors 1120 may provide the user with an output indicative of
whether the conditions for validly measuring the physiological
parameter are met. In another embodiment, only validated
information may be displayed to the user. In an embodiment,
validation sensors 1120 may be employed for providing instructions
to the user on how to engage with physiological sensors 1110 in
order to obtain validated values of physiological parameters.
[0055] In an embodiment, cover 1105 may include all hardware and/or
software required for determining values of physiological
parameters and for validating whether the conditions for
determining whether a physiological parameter or parameters as/are
met. In an embodiment, monitoring engine 1500 may be configured so
that mobile device 1200 may only be operative to display to the
user physiological information validated by validation module 1520.
Accordingly, in an embodiment, mobile device 1200 may be free of
physiological and validation sensors 1110 and 1120, which may all
be comprised in cover sensor assembly 1100. The expression
"displaying information" as well as grammatical variations thereof
may, for example, include auditory and/or visual display of
information to the user of monitoring system 1000 via, e.g., a
speaker (not shown) and/or a screen of mobile device 1200,
respectively. The displayed physiological information is
descriptive of a physical stimulus to which a physiological sensor
was subjected and which relates to a physiological parameter of the
user.
[0056] When sensor cover assembly 1100 is installed, i.e., operably
engaged, physiological sensors 1110 and/or validation sensors 1120
may be communicably coupled with mobile device 1200, e.g., via a
communication module (not shown). Communication module may include
I/O device drivers (not shown) and/or network interface drivers
(not shown) for enabling the transmission and/or reception of data
using wired and/or wireless components (not shown). A device driver
may, for example, interface with a keypad, a USB port and/or with
an audio jack. A network interface driver may for example execute
protocols for the Internet, or an Intranet, Wide Area Network
(WAN), Local Area Network (LAN) employing, e.g., Wireless Local
Area Network (WLAN)), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Personal
Area Network (PAN), extranet, 2G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G including for
example Mobile WIMAX or Long Term Evolution (LTE) advanced,
Bluetooth.RTM., ZigBee.TM., near field communication (NFC), optical
(e.g., IR) communication and/or any other current or future
communication network, standard, and/or system.
[0057] In an embodiment, at least one of the physiological sensors
1110 may comprise an electrode 1111 on the back of cover 1105. For
instance, physiological sensors 1110B-1101D may comprise electrodes
1111B-111D, respectively, incorporated in mobile device cover 1105
for determining values of bio-impedance parameters, as outlined
herein. In an embodiment, a physiological sensor 11103.sub.2 may
cover a corner section of cover 1105. In a further example,
external validation sensor 1120 may, for example, include a
pressure sensor, a force sensor, a temperature sensor, an impedance
sensor and/or a capacitance sensor, e.g., located on the back of
cover 1105. In an embodiment, electrodes of physiological Sensors
1110B to 1110D for example may have a multi-layer coating to ensure
sufficiently high conductivity without requiring additional
moistening of the electrodes; An electrode may for example be a dry
electrode with silver or silver chloride coating.
[0058] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the term
"front" used herein may refer to the side of mobile device which
includes a display, whereas the term "back" may refer to the side
of mobile device 1200 which does not have a display. More,
specifically, backside of covet 1105 may, when installed, be turned
outwardly, i.e., engageable by the user without requiring removal
of cover 1105 from mobile device 1200.
[0059] Non-limiting examples of physiological sensors 1110 that may
be employed by cover sensor assembly 1100 may include an oxygen
saturation sensor e.g., for measuring peripheral capillary oxygen
saturation (SpO.sub.2) and/or for measuring heart rate (both
embodied, e.g., by physiological sensor 1110A); a sensor array
(e.g., physiological sensors 1110B-1110D) for determining body
composition (total body water, for example, to derive body
fat/adiposity and/or fat-free mass) and/or cardiac activity for
obtaining for instance an electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography
(EMG) and/or Electroencephalography (EEG). An EEG signal may be
obtained by operably coupling electrodes (not shown) with mobile
device 1200.
[0060] As shown schematically in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a non-contact or
contact-based temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa for measuring
body and/or skin temperature, may be located at the front side of
cover 1105. As will be outlined herein below in more detail,
temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa may be used in conjunction with
a temperature validation sensor 1120F.
[0061] A non-contact temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa may for
example be embodied by an infrared radiation (IR) sensor. Such
IR-based temperature sensor may comprise a lens or lens arrangement
(not shown) for focusing IR radiation onto a detector (not shown)
of the IR sensor. The detector converts at least some of the
incident energy to an electrical or optical signal that can be
represented in units of temperature after being compensated for
ambient temperature variation. The measured IR part of
Electromagnetic Spectrum may for example span from 0.7 .mu.m to 20
.mu.m wavelengths.
[0062] A contact-based temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa may be
embodied by a thermocouple-based temperature sensor.
[0063] By operably positioning for example temperature sensor 1110F
and 1110Fa relative to tissue of a body portion of the user like,
e.g., the user's forehead or neck an instant value of the user's
skin temperature may be determined. For instance, value indicative
of the user's skin temperature may be obtained by positioning an
IR-based temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa such that its detector
faces tissue of the user's forehead or neck; or by engaging a
contact-based temperature sensor with tissue of the user's forehead
or neck.
[0064] An estimate about core body temperature may be obtained by
sliding temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa over various regions of
the user's body and by selecting the maximum value from the
obtained measurements. The maximum value may be considered to be
the core body temperature.
[0065] Moreover, in an embodiment, and as schematically shown in
FIGS. 1C and 2B cover sensor assembly 1100 may further comprise a
sensor 1110G which may have an interface at the sidewall of cover
1105 for allowing receipt of test strips 1111H for the determining
glucose and/or cholesterol level in blood and/or blood type for
example. Monitoring System 1000 may for example be operative to
determine both glucose and cholesterol level from a single test
strip via the same interface or via respective glucose- and
cholesterol-reading interfaces. In the latter case, by engaging the
test strip only once with the sensor, the user may obtain readings
both for his/her glucose and the LDL cholesterol level.
[0066] In an embodiment, monitoring engine 1500 may be operative to
determine the type of test strip engaged with physiological sensor
1110G (glucose or cholesterol test strip) and provide a
corresponding output.
[0067] The sensor used for glucose measurement may be based on
conversion of glucose concentration into a voltage or current
signal. Accordingly, the strips may be operative to allow
amperometry. In an embodiment, the part of sensor for glucose
measurement may comprise a platinum and silver electrode forming
part of an electric circuit where hydrogen peroxide is
electrolyzed. The hydrogen peroxide is produced as a result of the
oxidation of glucose on a glucose oxide membrane. The current
through the circuit provides a measurement of the concentration of
hydrogen peroxide which, in turn, provides an indication of the
glucose concentration on the blood sample of the test strip.
[0068] In an embodiment, physiological sensors 1110 may further be
operative to obtain values relating to levels of hematocrite,
noninvasive glucose, noninvasive blood pressure, blood flow
velocity and/or body impedance analyzer. In an embodiment, blood
pressure trend may be determined based on pulse transient time
(PTT) using signals obtained from the photoplethysmograph and ECG
signals.
[0069] In an embodiment, some physiological and/or validation
sensor 1110 and/or 1120 of cover sensor assembly 1100 may further
comprise one or more accelerometers, gyroscopes, torque sensors for
measuring a twisting and/or bending force applied on cover 1105
and/or mobile device 1200, barometers, proximity sensors,
altimeters, magnetometers, light sensors, touch screen sensors,
receivers of a Global Positioning System, a temperature sensor, a
barometer, a humidity sensor and/or a front and/or back camera. In
an embodiment, an accelerometer may be employed to implement a fall
detector, i.e., a detector which identifies an impact by mobile
device and/or cover sensor assembly.
[0070] In a further example, monitoring system 1000 may include it
physiological and/or validation sensor which may be comprised in
computerized mobile device 1200. A physiological and/or validation
sensor of mobile device 1200 may for example be implemented by the
mobile device's inertial sensor and/or by a non-inertial sensor. An
inertial sensor may include, for example, an accelerometer, and/or
a gyroscope and/or a torque sensor. Non-inertial sensors of mobile
device 1200 may include, for example, one or more barometers,
proximity sensors, altimeters, magnetometers, light sensors, touch
screen sensors, receivers of a Global Positioning System, a
temperature sensor, a barometer, a torque sensor for measuring a
twisting and/or bending force applied on the mobile device, a
humidity sensor and/or a front and/or back camera.
[0071] It should be noted that a division made herein of sensors as
either being comprised by cover sensor assembly 1100 or comprised
by mobile device 1200 should by no means to be construed as
limiting. Accordingly, in an embodiment, a first sensor of a
plurality of sensors with a particular analogous or identical
functionality may be included in mobile device 1200, while a second
sensor of the plurality of sensors with the particular
functionality may additionally be included or be part of cover
sensor assembly 1100. In an embodiment, a sensor which may herein
be referred to or listed as being external of mobile device 1200
may in an alternative embodiment be included in mobile device 1200,
and vice versa. However, as already indicated herein, in an
embodiment, mobile device 1200 may be free of physiological and
validation sensors 1110 and 1120, which may all be comprised in
cover sensor assembly 1100.
[0072] In an embodiment, physiological sensor 1110A, comprised by
cover sensor assembly 1100, for the measurement of oxygen
saturation sensor and/or heart rate may be implemented by a
photoplethysmograph comprising a light-source-photodetector
assembly for the emission of light (e.g., at a wavelength or a
plurality of wavelengths ranging from 600 nm to 1300 nm) and the
detection of light reflected by a body extremity (e.g., a finger)
of the user, respectively. In an embodiment, reflectance technique
may be employed for the measurement of oxygen saturation sensor
and/or heart/pulse rate for example. Correspondingly, the light
source and the photo detector are positioned on the same surface,
e.g., on the back of cover 1105.
[0073] As already briefly mentioned herein, physiological sensors
1110B-1110D may include metallic pads or electrodes. In an
embodiment, two of sensors 1110B-1110D may be employed for
determining body composition by measuring an electrical parameter
(e.g., impedance or conductivity) between two tissue areas of the
human body that are positioned distally from one another.
Accordingly, determining body composition may be performed based on
the principles of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA).
[0074] For example, a user may bring a tissue area of a finger of a
palm (e.g., the index finger) in contact with a first electrode of
physiological sensor 1110B and, at the same time, a toe of a foot
with a second electrode, of physiological sensor 1110C for
determining the value of an electrical parameter that is indicative
of the impedance imposed by the human body between the two areas to
derive body fat concentration. More specifically, body composition
may be determined by injecting a small current (e.g., ranging from
0.4-0.8 mA) alternating current into the tissue. The measured
voltage difference is translated into impedance. The measured
voltage and, hence, the impedance, depends on many factors
including, for example, frequency of the alternating current (e.g.,
40-50 kHz), and the weight, gender, height, age of person for which
impedance is measured. The above-noted factors impact the
resistance of the tissues themselves and the tissue reactance due
to the capacitance of membranes, tissue interfaces and non-ionic
tissues. The measured resistance may be considered to be
approximately equivalent to the resistance of muscle tissue.
[0075] In an embodiment, physiological sensors 1110B-1110D each
comprising a metallic contact may additionally or alternative be
employed to monitor, based on measuring bio-potential, electrical
body activity to obtain ECG, EMG and/or EEG signals. In order
obtain ECG readings for example, physiological sensors 1110B-1110D
can be brought into contact with Limbs for obtaining "limb leads"
or "augmented limb leads". For example, a finger of one of the
user's two hands may be in contact with the electrode of a first
physiological sensor 1110B, while the finger of the user's other
hand may be in contact with the electrode of a second physiological
sensor 1110C, and a third finger of either one of the user's hands
may be set to be in contact with the electrode of a third
physiological sensor 1110D at the same time, for example, to
generate contact in approximate accordance with the so-called
"Eindhoven triangle" for Obtaining ECG readings, e.g., for
extracting heart rate and/or detecting cardiac arrhythmias
including, for example, Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Pause and/or
Atrial Fibrillation (AF). In some embodiments, heart rate
variability parameter may be determined. In an embodiment,
impedance measurement may be performed, for example, using two of
physiological sensors 1110B-1110D) in that the user concurrently
engages a finger of his/her hand and a finger of her/her foot with
respective different sensors 1110.
[0076] EMG signals may also be obtained via the electrodes of
physiological sensors 1110B-1110D. For example, EMG signals of the
user's flexor carpi muscle group between two fingers of one of
his/her hands may be obtained when the user places the
corresponding two neighboring fingers on the metallic pads of two
of physiological sensors physiological sensors 1110B-1110D.
[0077] Additional reference is made to FIG. 3. In another
embodiment, sensors 1110B'-1110D' may each be implemented as part
of a sensor electrodes array (not shown). The sensor electrode
array may for example comprise a plurality of individual conductive
elements 1112 in a column-row "electrode-pixel" arrangement.
Alternatively, the array of conductive elements 1112 may be
arranged according to a pixel grid of hexagonal shaped conductive
elements 1112. In either case, the electrode-pixels may each be
electrically (e.g., galvanically) isolated from one another so that
by simultaneously touching any two or three regions of the sensor
electrode array by respective two or three different body portions
(e.g., fingers 2000A and 2000B) of the same user, the pixel array
may enable deriving information about body composition and/or its
electrical activity. Each region may comprise a set of a plurality
of conductive elements 1112. Hence, a first body portion and second
body portion touching such sensor electrode array "creates"
respective physiological sensors 1110B' and 1110C' (shaded
conductive elements), wherein each such sensor comprises a
plurality of electrodes of the sensor electrode array. Non-shaded
elements are not engaged by the user's finger 2000A and 2000B.
Conductive elements 1112 are operably coupled with a processor
comprised in cover sensor assembly 1100 for continuously measuring
conduction and control creation of different physiological sensors
1110B-1110D. Specific reference to a processor comprised in cover
sensor assembly 1100 will be made with respect to FIG. 4.
[0078] in summary, the cover sensor assembly has an array of
conductive elements integrated therein, each of the conductive
elements being electrically isolated from other conductive
elements, such that when a sub-group of the conductive elements are
electrically coupled together (e.g. with a finger 2000A) the
sub-group operates as a first physiological sensor 1110B'. The
physiological data acquisition module is configured to generate
data descriptive of a physical stimulus received by the first
physiological sensor.
[0079] A second sub-group of conductive elements operate as a
second physiological sensor 1110C' when the second sub-group of
conductive sensors are electrically coupled together (e.g. with a
finger 2000B) and the physiological data acquisition module is
further adapted to generate data descriptive of physical stimuli
received by the first physiological sensor 1110B' and the second
physiological sensor 1110C'. Optionally, a third finger (not shown)
can form a third sub-group which operates as a third physiological
sensor 1110D'.
[0080] Validation Sensors:
[0081] As already briefly outlined herein, cover sensor assembly
1100 may comprise validation sensors 1120 for controlling the
validity status of a physiological parameter measurement executed
by physiological sensors 1110. For the everyday user who is not a
medical professional, one of the biggest problems is the incorrect
use of medical devices. For that reason, devices intended for
domestic use need to be "idiot proof". The apparatus of the
immediate system not only provides the physiological sensors
integrated into a smartphone cover (jacket) but also includes
validation sensors 1120 which are additional sensors to ensure that
the user is placing his or her fingers in the correct position,
applying the correct amount of pressure, that the fingers or hands
are not sweaty etc. Non-limiting examples of such validation
sensors 1120 may include a pressure sensor, a force sensor, a
temperature sensor, an impedance sensor, a capacitance, torque
sensor, an accelerometer, a barometer, a light sensor and/or a
humidity sensor.
[0082] Reverting to FIGS. 1B and 1C, photoplethysmograph sensor
1110A of cover sensor assembly 100 may for example be employed in
conjunction with a validation sensor embodied by a pressure sensor
1120A which may be located next to the photoplethysmograph sensor
so that one area of the user's finger may operable engage with
photoplethysmograph sensor 1110A for taking the SpO.sub.2,
measurement for example, while concurrently applying pressure on
pressure sensor 11120A (e.g., in that another area of the same
finger may concurrently engage with a pressure sensor or a pressure
sensor is located beneath sensor 1110A so that placing a finger
onto sensor 1110A causes the sensor to be pressed against the
pressure sensor). In an embodiment, pressure sensor 1120A may be
located beneath photoplethysmograph sensor. In either embodiment,
it is assumed that the magnitude of the pressure applied by the
finger onto photoplethysmograph sensor 1110A may be substantially
the same as the pressure applied by the finger onto pressure sensor
I120A.
[0083] In an embodiment, the pressure that may be requested to be
applied by the user may, for example, be positive
(P.sub.finger>0 mmHg) but less than the user's diastolic
pressure (e.g., <30 mmHg or <60 mmHg). In an embodiment, the
applied pressure may be 80% or less than a Gold Standard diastolic
pressure.
[0084] In an embodiment, the cover sensor assembly 1100 with one or
more validation sensors 1120 can be operably engaged with a
computerized mobile device 1200. Monitoring system 1000 may be
operative to enable the implementation of a monitoring method,
process and/or operation by providing a visual aid for ensuring the
correct positioning of the relevant body part in conjunction with
the physiological sensor 1110. The validation sensor(s) 1120
provides sensor data such as pressure, light, temperature etc.
which is processed and visually displayed on the display of the
mobile device in an instructive manner. For example, an application
on the mobile device displays a red to green scale with a pointer
that indicates the right amount of pressure (e.g. when the pointer
is in the green area) or the wrong amount of pressure (e.g. when
the pointer is in the red area) so the user can see if he or she is
applying the correct amount of pressure.
[0085] In an embodiment, in addition to ensuring that the pressure
applied by a user's finger lies within a specified range, the
position of a user's finger relative to the photoplethysmograph
shall be substantially identical for repeated measurements to
eliminate or reduce deviations in repeated measurements due to
different positioning of a user's finger relative to the
photoplethysmograph. In an embodiment, photoplethysmograph sensor
1110A may thus be employed in conjunction with a validation sensor
embodied by a position sensor arrangement 1120B which is configured
to sense the position and orientation of the body portion (e.g., a
finger) that is brought into contact with photoplethysmograph
sensor 1110A relative to the position sensor arrangement 1120B.
[0086] The operating principles of such position sensor arrangement
1120B may for example be based on measuring electrical parameters
such as impedance and/or capacitance of a body. Each one of one or
more position sensor arrangements 1120B may for example comprise a
plurality of impedance or capacitance sensor elements 1120B
surrounding or encircling a respective one or more physiological
sensors 1110A-1110D and, optionally a corresponding validation
sensor. For example, a plurality of sensor elements 1120B of a
given position sensor arrangement 1120B may encircle physiological
sensor 1110B. Measurement of impedance or capacitance by an
"encircling" sensor element may be indicative of contact being made
by human tissue with such sensor element. Conversely, not measuring
impedance or capacitance may be indicative that human tissue does
not make contact with such "encircling" sensor element.
Accordingly, based on for example impedance and/or capacitance
readings, information about the position of a user's body portion
(e.g., finger) with respect to physiological sensor 1110B may be
derived.
[0087] In an embodiment, photoplethysmograph sensor 1110A may be
employed in conjunction with a validation sensor embodied by a
temperature sensor (not shown), e.g., to correct for variations in
oxygen saturations readings that may be influenced by the
temperature of the tissue area that engages with
photoplethysmograph sensor 1110A.
[0088] In an embodiment, photoplethysmograph sensor 1110A may be
employed in conjunction with a validation sensor embodied by a
light sensor (not shown), e.g., for sensing the amount of ambient
light. For example, if the photoplethysmograph sensor 1110A is
exposed to too much light, as sensed by the light sensor, then
photoplethysmograph sensor 1110A will not take the reading. In some
embodiments, an application running on the computerized mobile
device 1200 operably engaged with the cover sensor assembly 1100,
will display a notification and/or set of instructions for
correctly positioning the applicable. For example, the user is
instructed to reposition the finger over the photoplethysmograph
sensor 1110A, which in turn properly covers the tight sensor, so
that no ambient light interferes with the measurement.
[0089] In an embodiment, sensors 1110B-1101D that are operative to
measure electrical body activity to obtain ECG, EMG and/or EEG
signals may for example be employed in conjunction with validation
sensors that are embodied by conductance sensors to determine
validity of the obtained ECG, EMG and/or EEG signals. Such
conductance sensors may determine skin humidity, size of contact
area between biological tissue and the electrode, and/or the
magnitude of the pressure applied by the user's body portion (e.g.,
a finger) that is in contact with the electrode included in sensors
1110B-1110D.
[0090] Reverting to FIGS. 2A and 2B, monitoring engine 1500 may
ensure correct positioning of a temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa
relative to tissue of the body portion, e.g., by providing
corresponding instructions to the user thereof.
[0091] In some embodiments, with respect to IR-based temperature
sensor 1110F and 1110Fa, monitoring engine 1500 may be operative to
determine whether tissue comprises sufficiently high density of
blood cells to ensure reliable temperature measurement. During
temperature measurement, the signal obtained indicative of the
temperature is analyzed by monitoring engine 1500 to provide an
accurate estimation of core temperature (while the skin temperature
is being measured).
[0092] Temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa may be employed in
conjunction with a temperature validation sensor 1120F and 1110Fa
to ensure that the positioning requirements of IR- or contact-based
temperature sensor 1110F and 1110Fa and the tissue area based on
which the body or skin temperature is measured are met.
[0093] Temperature validation sensor 1120F may for example be
embodied by a Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor that works
together with an IR temperature sensor to ensure that the finger or
hand is not wet or sweaty, both of which can cause the IR sensor to
return a wrong measurement.
[0094] Temperature validation sensor 1120F may, for example, be
embodied by a contact sensor and/or a proximity sensor. The
operating principles of such contact sensor may, for example, be
based on electrical parameters such as determining impedance and/or
capacitance between electrical contacts (not shown). In yet another
example, proximity sensors can measure the angle of the finger (or
other body part) in frictional engagement with the IR sensor to
ensure that the finger is flat on the sensor and not at an angle
(which would skew the temperature reading).
[0095] Reference is now made briefly to FIGS. 9A-C. FIG. 9A is an
exemplary temperature sensor 1110H that may be integrated into
cover sensor assembly 1100. The temperature sensor 1110H, in an
exemplarily embodiment, is housed in a housing H that includes an
IR sensor 1110H for sensing a body temperature as discussed above.
In addition to the IR sensor 1110H, housing H further includes two
proximity sensors 1120C which are located, for example, one on each
side of the IR sensor. The proximity sensors act as validity
sensors that ensure that the desired body part (e.g. finger) is
positioned flush (flat) against the IR sensor 1110H and not at an
angle.
[0096] Each of the proximity sensors 1120C measures the distance
between the sensor and the sensed surface. In FIG. 9B, the housing
of the temperature sensor 1110H is erroneously set at an angle with
the target surface as opposed to being flush (flat) against the
surface. If the temperature reading is taken when the IR sensor is
the depicted angle, the sensor reading will not properly reflect
the physiological data of the user. Proximity sensor one
1120C.sub.1 measures a distance d1 between the sensor and the
surface. Proximity sensor two 1120C.sub.2 measures a distance d2
between the sensor and the surface. If d1 is greater or smaller
than d2, by at least a predetermined amount, the processor in the
cover sensor assembly is able to determine that the IR sensor 1110H
is not totally flat or sufficiently flat against the target
surface, as desired. In one embodiment, the device will not take a
reading in such a situation. In another embodiment, the device with
additionally or alternatively provide a notification that the
device is not correctly positioned.
[0097] FIG. 9C illustrates the temperature sensor 1110H of FIGS. 9A
and 98 perpendicular to a surface S, but spaced apart from that
surface. Proximity sensors one 1120C.sub.1 and two 1120C.sub.2 each
provide a proximity sensor reading corresponding to the distance
between the respective proximity sensor and the surface. If the
sensor values are equal to each other then the device is determined
to be at the appropriate angle. If the sensor values are within a
predetermined range, then the sensor is close enough to the target
surface S to receive the desired reading. Potentially, the target
surface S may be uneven, even to a slight degree. As such, when the
processor 1130 compares the sensor readings of proximity sensor one
1120C.sub.1 with the readings of proximity sensor two 1120C.sub.2,
the processor allows for a slight, predetermined discrepancy
between the sensor data values.
[0098] Prior to a first use, temperature sensors 1110F and 1110Fa
may be calibrated per user for human skin emission and per body
portion (e.g., oral temperature or blood temperature). The
calibration will have to be done during a clinical study that
should include subjects with body temperature value that shall
cover substantially all the physiological body temperature
range.
[0099] In an embodiment, monitoring system 1000 may be configured
to process only data descriptive of values received from
physiological sensors 1110 (e.g., pholoplethysmograph sensor 1110A,
bio-potential measurement sensors 1110B-1110D) for which it is
determined, based on the validation sensor(s), that the values of
the physiological parameters is valid. In an embodiment, system
1000 may provide an output to the user which is indicative of
whether the determined value(s) is/are valid or not. Optionally,
the output may indicate the user that measurements have to be
repeated. Preferably, the output is indicated on a display of the
computerized mobile device 1200 operably engaged with the cover
assembly 1100 as discussed above. Alternatively or additionally,
cover assembly 110 may include one or more LEDs configured to
indicate whether the reading was successful/valid (e.g. a green LED
lighting up) or not successful/valid (e.g. a red LED lighting
up).
[0100] In an embodiment, the values for a plurality of different
parameters may be determined from a single sensor position. For
instance, photoplethysmograph 1110A may be employed for the
measurement of a heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and/or
systolic pressure. In an embodiment, heart rate values measured
from photoplethysmograph 1110A may be compared with heart rate
values derived from ECG waveforms. In an embodiment, depending on a
determined degree of validity, heart rate measured from
photoplethysmograph 1110A may be displayed to the user, or heart
rate derived from ECG signals may be displayed to the user. In an
embodiment, depending on a determined degree of validity, different
weightings may be assigned to heart rate derived from
photoplethysmograph 1110A and to heart rate derived from ECG
signals to obtain the most reliable results.
[0101] In an embodiment, one or more hardware components may be
shared by a physiological sensor and a validation sensor. For
instance, electrodes of sensors 1110A and 1110B may be employed for
bioimpedance measurements and, at the same time, for determining
conductance between the body portions that are in engagement with
physiological sensors 1110A and 1110B for determining whether the
contact made meets the requirements that ensure valid determination
of physical parameters values.
Stress Indication:
[0102] In an embodiment, system 1000 may be operative to provide
the user with an indication of his/her stress level, which May
herein be referred to as a stress indicator value (SI). The SI
value may be obtained, for example, by determining the
instantaneous values for a plurality of physiological parameters,
during a monitored time period (e.g., 30 seconds) having the same
monitoring start time stamp (e.g., 11:00 AM). Physiological
parameters values that may be determined for deriving the SI value
of a user may include, for example, bioimpedance, skin temperature,
heart rate and/or a user's cardiac activity parameters represented
by an ECG signal over a period of time. The determined
physiological parameter values may be fused to obtain a value which
may be indicative of the user's level of stress during the said
monitoring time period. As used herein, "fusion" may be exemplarily
performed by a supervised machine learning algorithm in order to
find the relation between two or more measured or calculated
parameter(s) and stress response.
[0103] In an embodiment, a biofeedback procedure may be carried out
in order to determine a user's SI value. The biofeedback procedure
may include subjecting the user to a stimulating or, conversely,
soothing input aimed at exciting or relaxing the user,
respectively. Such input may herein also be referred to as
"biofeedback input". The user's individual response to the
biofeedback input may be determined, e.g., by determining a
variation in the value of one or more physiological parameters. A
variation may be determined by measuring the magnitude in drop or
increase of a physiological parameter value. Based on a measured
variation in the physiological values responsive to such
biofeedback input, the user's SI value may be determined.
[0104] In an embodiment, a variation in a physiological parameter
value responsive to a biofeedback input may be compared against a
variation in a physiological parameter value of other users that
were subjected to the same biofeedback input and/or against a
variation in a physiological parameter value of the same user in
different test occasions. A soothing biofeedback input may for
example include a series of images, a video and/or audio considered
to have a relaxing effect on humans. Conversely, a stimulating
biofeedback input may include a serious of images, a video and/or
audio considered to have an exciting effect on humans.
[0105] In an embodiment, data descriptive of the responses of a
user to biofeedback inputs may be accumulated to obtain or "learn"
a personalized stress-response profile of the user. The user's
stress-response profile may serve as a basis or reference for
determining the user's SI value.
[0106] For example: the user may several times (e.g., sequentially)
be exposed to a biofeedback test comprising subjecting the user to
a plurality of stimuli which are each supposed to calm the user.
Such calm-inducing stimuli may comprise calming music, relaxation
exercise instructions (e.g., breathing slowly). In addition, after
completing subjecting the calming-stimuli, the user may be
subjected to stimuli that are supposed to increase the user's
stress level. Such stress-inducing stimuli may comprise challenging
the user with an unsolvable mathematical problem. The user's
physiological response may then be classified or grouped according
to whether the biofeedback test included subjecting the user to
calming or stress-inducing stimuli to obtain two sets of data
descriptive of the user's response to such calm-inducing and
stress-inducing stimuli, respectively. Based on the two sets of
data, a stimuli-response or biofeedback profile of the user may be
derived. A stress "spot" measurement can be indicative of the
user's stress level with reference to the user's stimuli-response
or biofeedback profile.
[0107] In an embodiment, data descriptive of the individual
responses of a plurality of users' responses to biofeedback inputs
may be accumulated to obtain or "learn" a personalized
stress-response profile for each one of the plurality of users. The
personalized stress-responsive profiles Of a respective plurality
of users may serve as a basis for determining a stress-response
profile norm (e.g., expressed by normalized Gaussian distributions
in variations respective of physiological parameter values). A
user's individual response stress profile) may be compared against
the normalized stress-response profile for determining the user's
SI value.
[0108] In an embodiment, a user's response to calm- and
stress-inducing stimuli may be acquired via a microphone (not
shown) comprised in cover sensor assembly 1100 and/or mobile device
1200. For example, an utterance of the user may be received by such
microphone and converted into electrical or optical signals
descriptive of the utterance. These utterance-related signals may
then be processed by monitoring engine 1500 to determine a value
related to the utterance, wherein the value is descriptive of a
psychological stress level of the user.
[0109] In an embodiment, monitoring system 1000 may be operative to
function as a lie detector. For example, based on measured
physiological parameters like, e.g., heart rate, skin conductivity,
photoplethysmograph signal amplitude and the like, monitoring
engine 1500 may determine a score which may be indicative of the
likelihood that an individual being examined is lying or not. For
instance, increased skin conductivity may be indicative of
excessive sweating Which, in turn, may be considered as an
indication that the individual is lying. Analogously, a comparably
increased heart rate may as well provide an indication that the
individual is lying. Conversely, unsubstantial changes or decrease
heart rate and/or skin conductivity may be indicative that the
individual is truthful.
[0110] In an embodiment, measured physiological parameters like,
e.g., body temperature, optionally in combination with heart rate,
may provide an indication about the likelihood of ovulation in a
female user.
Electrical Isolation between Mobile Device and Sensors during
Charging:
[0111] Reference is now made to FIGS. 6A-6C. According to an
embodiment, monitoring system 1000 may be configured so that while
an internal power unit (not shown) of mobile device 1200 is charged
by an external power supply (not shown), sensor assembly 1100 is
electrically isolated from the external power supply to avoid
electrocution of a user who might accidentally or intentionally
touch an electrode of sensor assembly 1100. For example, when in an
operable configuration that allows determining physiological
parameter values, i.e., monitoring system 1000 is in "an operating
mode", an electrical switch (not shown) of monitoring system 1000
is in a first position, providing electrical contact between the
sensors of cover sensor assembly 1100 and the internal power unit
(not shown) of mobile device 1200. In this way, the internal power
unit may for example power the components of mobile device 1200 as
well as components of cover sensor assembly 1100.
[0112] However, when mobile device 1200 is electrically connected
to an external power supply, the switch may, in an embodiment, be
set by the power supply cable (not shown) into another,
"disconnected", position. The switch thus acts as a "disconnector".
In the other position, the electrical components of mobile device
1200 (the internal power unit) may be disconnected and hence
electrically isolated from the electrical components of cover
sensor assembly 1100. Therefore, during the charging of internal
power unit of mobile device 1200 by the external power supply,
physiological sensors 1110 may be electrically isolated from the
external power supply (not shown). In disconnected state, the
switch may provide electrical isolation of up to 4000 Volt for
example. In an embodiment, the switch or connector may be comprised
in cover sensor assembly 1100.
[0113] Exemplarily, the disconnection operation referred to above
may be performed by a disconnector 3000, shown in FIGS. 6A-6C.
Disconnector 3000 is operable to provide electrical isolation
between PCB contacts row `A` (3000e) and row (3000d). When the
disconnector is in an extended position (as in FIG. 5B), contacts
3000e are electrically connected to contacts 3000d through flexible
contacts 3000a. When an electric plug (of a power line for example)
is inserted and pushes a "fork" or trowel 3000c, flexible contacts
3000a which are held in a chassis 3000b are lifted and disconnected
from contacts 3000d.
[0114] For example, a disconnector such as disconnector 3000 can be
used instead of large isolation components (such as optocouplers)
in a medical application where an isolation of 4 kV is needed
between a power line and any device in physical contact with a
human body.
[0115] In an embodiment, the electrical current required to operate
the electronic components of cover sensor assembly 1100 may for
example be 30 mA or less. In an embodiment, as indicated herein,
the electrical current for powering the electronic components of
cover sensor assembly 1100 may be fed from power module 1180 of
cover sensor assembly 1100 and/or power module 1280 of mobile
device 1200.
[0116] An alternative embodiment is depicted in FIGS. 6D-6G. In the
depicted embodiment, the switch or connector (referred to herein as
coupler 3100) may be comprised in cover sensor assembly 1100. In
most handheld mobile devices today, the power port is also the data
port. The power cord can either be plugged into a dedicated energy
source such as a wall socket or into a combination energy and data
source, such as a desktop or laptop computer where the handheld
device draws power from the mains or battery of the larger
computing device and can also communicate data between the
devices.
[0117] As such, a connector or switch for a dual purpose
input/output (I/O) port must be capable of disconnecting the
sensors from the energy source while at the same time allowing the
data connectors to remain coupled.
[0118] In one exemplary embodiment, the cover assembly includes an
I/O coupler 3100 that connects to, or otherwise makes electrical
contact with a power/data port of the computerized mobile device
(e.g. the I/O port of mobile device 1200 depicted in FIG. 8C). Two
common examples of computerized mobile devices are smartphones such
as an iPhone.RTM. and a Samsung.RTM. device running an Android.TM.
operating system. The iPhone includes a dock connector or Apple
Lightning.RTM. connector port while most current Samsung
smartphones have a micro-USB port.
[0119] In one exemplary embodiment, cover assembly 1100 includes an
adaptor which is adapted to electrically couple the cover assembly
1100 to computerized mobile device 1200 via the I/O port. The
adaptor (e.g. coupler 3100) may be a male connector (plug) that
enters the female port (socket) of computerized mobile device 1200.
Cover assembly 1100 can draw power from the battery of computerized
mobile device 1200 as well as being in electronic data
communication with the device.
[0120] In the same or other embodiment, the adaptor [further] has a
female connector (socket) on the external side of the cover
assembly 1100. The female connector serves as an extension port for
the integral mobile device I/O port and provides the same data and
power functionalities to computerized mobile device 1200 as the
mobile device's I/O port. A power/data cable is inserted into the
socket end of the adaptor and facilitates both power and data
connectivity to the computerized mobile device 1200. Innovatively
coupler 3100 servers as a power switch or "decoupler" between the
power/data cable and cover assembly 1100.
[0121] As shown in FIG. 6D, a connector head 60 is coupled to a
power/data cord (not shown). The connector head 60 is depicted
proximal to coupler 3100. In FIG. 6E, connector head 60 enters into
the female, socket side of coupler 3100 and comes into contact with
connector pins 1-4. Connector pins 1-4 are merely an exemplary
arrangement of Connectors that include both data and power
connectors. Exemplarily, connector pins 1-4 are compatible with a
Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector that also has four connector
pins. Many different types of connectors and adaptors exist, but
generally all the dual power and data connectors have one power
pin, at least two data pins and a ground pin. Exemplarily, pin 1 of
coupler 3100 is a power pin. Pin 2 is the ground (GND) pin. Pin 3
is a data plus (D+) pin and Pin 4 is a data minus (D-) data
pin.
[0122] Coupler 3100 has a "coupled state" and a "de-coupled state".
In the coupled state, cover assembly 1100 is in electrical
communication with computerized mobile device 1200 via both the
power pins and the data pins. The coupler is depicted in the
coupled state in FIG. 6D. In FIG. 6E, coupler 3100 is in the
de-coupled state whereby power pins 1 and 2 are in a raised
position and data pins 3 and 4 are in the straight, coupled
position.
[0123] Power pins 1 and 2 (live and ground) are flexible and
moveable. The pins are set on a rotatable axis that is biased to
the coupled position so that when the power cable is not connected,
the cover assembly is able to draw power from the mobile computing
device as well as communicate data between the two devices. In FIG.
6E power/data cable head 60 is inserted into the socket end of
coupler 3100 and mechanically biases the power pins to the raised
(de-coupled) position. In the raised position, the power pins
couple the power cable to the computerized mobile device 1200 while
de-coupling the power cable from cover assembly 1100. FIG. 6F
depicts the interaction between coupler 3100 and power/data cable
head 60 with directing arrows indicating the various directions in
which the components move. Head 60 is inserted into coupler 3100.
The front edge of the cable forces the back edge of the connecting
pin down such that the front end of the pin rises (as shown in FIG.
6E). Pins 3 and 4 are soldered in place and do not rise up. FIG. 6G
depicts an alternative embodiment wherein pins 1 and 2 are soldered
to solder pads 3102 and 3104 and pins 3 and 4 are moveable. In the
depicted configuration, the back ends of the pins include
displaceable humps 3106 which are adapted to be depressed when head
60 is inserted into coupler 3100.
Multiple Types of Analyses for Single Blood Strip
[0124] A "blood-composition" sensor 1110G operative to determine
the blood type sampled by a strip 1111. The Monitoring system is
operative to enable, among other functions, transmission of
blood-related information including, for e.g., glucose level,
cholesterol level and/or blood type to a third party. The
innovative Monitoring System can determine both glucose and
cholesterol level from a single test strip via the same interface,
such that by engaging the test strip only once with the sensor, the
user obtains readings both for his/her glucose and LDL cholesterol
levels. As used herein, the glucose test is used as an exemplary
blood test that is representative of all the types of blood strip
tests that function by using amperometry. As used herein, the
cholesterol blood strip test is used as an exemplary blood strip
test that functions by using optical components to analyze the
blood sample on the test strip. Therefore, the use of a glucose
strip test herein is intended to relate to all blood strip tests
that use amperometry and a cholesterol blood strip test as Used
herein, is intended to relate to all blood strip tests that employ
optical analysis of the blood sample on the strip.
[0125] The immediate device can read glucose strips, cholesterol
strips and innovative, combination strips for both glucose and
cholesterol. The monitoring engine is able to determine the type of
test strip engaged with physiological sensor (glucose, cholesterol
or combination test strip) and provide a corresponding output.
[0126] The sensor used for glucose measurement can be based on
conversion of glucose concentration into a voltage or current
signal. Accordingly, the strips are operative to allow amperometry.
In an embodiment, the part of sensor for glucose measurement can
comprise a platinum and silver electrode firming part of an
electric circuit where hydrogen peroxide is electrolyzed. The
hydrogen peroxide is produced as a result of the oxidation of
glucose on a glucose oxide membrane. The current through the
circuit provides a measurement of the concentration of hydrogen
peroxide which, in turn, provides an indication of the glucose
concentration on the blood sample of the test strip.
[0127] Cholesterol test results are based on the Meter reading
light reflected off a test strip that has changed color after blood
has been places on the strip. The deeper the color is, the higher
the cholesterol level. The Meter converts this reading into a
Cholesterol result and displays it.
[0128] Individual glucose monitors and Cholesterol monitors are
both known in the art. A multi -test monitor device, as disclosed
herein, which includes both the glucose and cholesterol testing
capabilities, is not known in the art. The immediate applications
discloses a multi-test monitoring device that is capable of
measuring a first measurement (e.g. a glucose test), a second
measurement (e.g. a cholesterol test) or a both a first and a
second measurement in a single device from a single strip. The type
of measurement performed by the device is dependent on the type of
strip (e.g. a glucose strip, a cholesterol strip or glucose and
cholesterol strip) inserted in the monitoring device.
[0129] A multi-functional blood test strip monitor obviates the
need for multiple monitors, as is the case to date. A Glucose
monitor cannot simply be used as a cholesterol monitor by changing
the type of test strip, as the two types of tests use different
electronic components. The Glucose test uses amperometry and the
cholesterol test uses a light source and optical element (e.g.
photodetector). The innovative mechanism incorporated into the
device cover includes both sets of components and an electronic or
mechanical mechanism for differentiating between the different
types of strips.
[0130] Capacitive Electrode Regions
[0131] Reference is now made to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a diagram of an
embodiment of the cover assembly including capacitance sensors.
According to an embodiment, monitoring system 1000 may comprise a
cover sensor assembly 1100A which includes physiological sensors
1110I-K that are integrated into the backside of cover 1105. Cover
sensor assembly 1100A is adapted to provide an
electro-physiological monitoring function for, among other things,
stress, body fat, heart rate, ECG etc. In preferred embodiments of
the invention the cover sensor assembly 1100A includes
physiological sensors 1110 that may be embodied by capacitive
coupled sensors 1110I-K as opposed to resistive contact electrodes
which are also known as (among other names) galvanic skin response
(GSR) electrodes that are in galvanic contact with the user's body
(see FIG. 1B). Cover sensor assembly 1100A of the immediate
innovation includes two, three or four separate sensor regions
Z1-Z4 for the user to place a finger on each of the regions. The
sensors measure capacitance and derive various physiological
parameters (HR, ECG, etc.) from the measurements.
[0132] Capacitance sensors are preferable over galvanic sensors as
capacitance sensors do not need to be in direct contact with the
skin of the user. As such, the high impedance of the skin does not
affect the sensors' measurements as there is no need for direct
contact with the skin. Furthermore, capacitance sensors are less
sensitive to body motion at the monitoring area and muscle
movement, both of which insert extraneous "noise" into the signals
measured with galvanic electrodes.
[0133] The sensor network also overcomes further problems such as
pressure. If a user provides too much pressure on a galvanic
sensor, the signal is distorted and unwanted "noise" enters the
signal. The signal captured by capacitive coupled sensors is not
distorted by pressure.
[0134] Galvanic electrodes are unsightly as they are made from
metallic, biocompatible materials. Heavy metals are not permissible
and silver blackens over time. On the other hand, capacitive
sensors do not need to be visible at all so that the cover can be
regular plastic, covering over the electrodes.
[0135] Capacitive electrodes have been used for reading vital signs
such as ECG, HR etc. Use of such electrodes in mobile device covers
which are attached to the mobile device and in communication with
the device, are not known. Regions Z1-Z4 provide large areas for
the user to place his or her fingers without the need to take
special care with the exact placement of the fingers (as is the
case with galvanic electrodes). This helps the product to be "idiot
proof".
[0136] In an embodiment, Region 1 Z1 and Region 2 Z2 include
capacitive electrodes 1110I and 1110J which are installed under
backside of plastic cover 1105. In an embodiment, cover sensor
assembly 1100A includes Regions 1-3 Z1-Z3. Each of the regions has
one of capacitive electrodes 1110I, 1110J or 1110K installed
there-under. In an embodiment, the Regions are demarcated on the
plastic, silicone or rubberized cover 1105. In a similar manner to
method described above with reference to FIGS. 1B-1C, for example,
a finger of one of the user's two hands may be in contact with the
Region 1 Z1, while the finger of the user's other hand may be in
contact with Region 2 Z2, and--in embodiments with a third region a
third linger of either one of the user's hands may be set to be in
contact with Region 3 Z3 at the same time, for example, to generate
contact in approximate accordance with the so-called "Eindhoven
triangle" for obtaining ECG readings, e.g., for extracting heart
rate and/or detecting cardiac arrhythmias including, for example,
Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Pause and/or Atrial Fibrillation (AF). In
some embodiments, heart rate variability parameter may be
determined.
[0137] Capacitive Electrode Zones on a Touch Screen
[0138] Referring to FIGS. 8A-8C, an exemplary embodiment of a
monitoring system 1000 for monitoring physiological parameters may
include a cover assembly 1100B that can be operably engaged with a
computerized mobile device 1200. Computerized mobile device 1200
includes a touch-screen display and/or touch screen input area user
interface 1270 that includes a capacitive touch screen. In
preferred embodiments, the capacitive touch screen of the mobile
device is operable coupled to the cover assembly via a wired
connection.
[0139] FIG. 8B illustrates an isometric view of the back panel of
the cover assembly 1100B. Cover assembly 1800 includes hardware
and/or software encased in a housing H1 which is built into or
operationally coupled to the inner surface of the cover assembly.
The housing H1 of the cover assembly is depicted in phantom lines,
as it is not readily visible from the depicted angle.
[0140] FIG. 8C illustrates an isometric view of a computerized
mobile device 1200, including a capacitive touch screen user
interface 1270, encased in cover assembly 1100B and operationally
engaged therewith. Cover assembly 1100B uses the capacitive touch
screen 1270 of the mobile device to sense physiological signals.
Cover assembly 1110B includes a processor 1130, memory 1140,
assembly monitoring engine 1150 communication module 1160 and, in
some embodiments, a power module 1180. Most or all of the
aforementioned components are housed in housing H1. Touch screen
1270 of the mobile device 1200 is used to provide capacitive
coupled electrodes. Exemplarily, a software application is
installed on computerized mobile device 1200. The application
includes code stored in memory 1240 for computer-readable
instructions that instruct the processor 1230 to display a user
guide for placing the desired body parts in the desired positions
on the capacitive touch screen 1270.
[0141] FIG. 8A illustrates an exemplary embodiment of system 1000
utilizing the capacitive touch screen for sensing physiological
parameters. Exemplarily, the touch screen display 1270 shows two
equal circles, spaced apart on the screen with the helpful
instructions and arrows indicating that the user place his or her
fingers on the circles. In some embodiments (not shown), the user
is instructed to place a third finger on a third circle (not
shown).
[0142] In other embodiments, the user is instructed to place a
third finger on a physiological sensor integrated in cover assembly
1100B. Exemplarily, the third sensor may be integrated in the back
panel of the cover assembly, in a similar manner to that which was
discussed for cover assembly 1100A. Alternatively, the third sensor
may be integrated into a corner of the cover assembly 1100B in a
similar manner to sensor 1110B.sub.2 discussed above with reference
to FIG. 1C, or integrated in a sidewall body portion of cover
1105.
[0143] Preferably, the user places a finger from each hand on one
of the circles to receive a desired reading as discussed elsewhere.
In some embodiments, use of a third finger, from either of the two
hands, is employed to generate contact in approximate accordance
with the so-called "Eindhoven triangle" for obtaining ECG readings
which is discussed above.
[0144] Additional reference is made to FIG. 4. Cover sensor
assembly 1100 may include, in some embodiments, in addition to
cover 1105, a physiological and/or a validation sensor 1110 and/or
1120, also a processor 1130; a sensor assembly memory 1140, a
sensor assembly communication module 1160, a sensor assembly user
interface 1170, and sensor assembly a power module 1180 for
powering the various components of cover sensor assembly 1100.
Computerized mobile device 1200 may include a processor 1230, a
memory 1240, a mobile device communication module 1260, a mobile
device user interface 1270, and a mobile device power module 1280
for powering the various components of computerized mobile device
1200.
[0145] In some embodiments, mobile device power module 1280 may
power components of cover sensor assembly 1100 in which case, for
example, cover sensor assembly may not employ power module 1180. In
some other embodiments, sensor assembly power module 1180 may power
components of computerized mobile device 1200.
[0146] Monitoring system 1000 may further include a monitoring
server 1300, which may include a server processor 1330, a server
memory 1340, a server communication module 1360, a server user
interface 1370, and a server power module 1380, for powering the
various components of monitoring server 1300. Monitoring server
1300 may for example relate to one or more servers, storage
systems, cloud-based systems and/or services.
[0147] The various components of cover sensor assembly 1100,
computerized mobile device 1200 and monitoring server 1300 may
communicate with each other over one or more communication buses
(not shown) and/or signal lines (not shown). Cover sensor assembly
1100 and computerized mobile device 1200 may communicate with
monitoring server 1300 over a communication network 190
(schematically shown in FIG. 3).
[0148] The term "processor" as used herein may additionally or
alternatively refer to a controller. Such processor may relate to
various types of processors and/or processor architectures
including, for example, embedded processors, communication
processors, graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated computing,
soft-core processors and/or embedded processors.
[0149] According to some embodiments, assembly memory 1140, mobile
device memory 1240 and server memory 1340 may include one or more
types of computer-readable storage media. Assembly memory 1140,
mobile device memory 1240 and server memory 1340 may include
transactional memory and/or long-term storage memory facilities and
May function as file storage, document storage, program storage, or
as a working memory. The latter may for example be in the form of a
static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory
(DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), cache or flash memory. As working
memory assembly memory 1140, mobile device memory 1240 and/or
server memory 1340 may, for example, process temporally-based
instructions. As long-tem memory, assembly memory 1140 mobile
device memory 1240 and/or server memory 1340 may for example
include a volatile or non-volatile computer storage medium, a hard
disk drive, a solid state drive, a magnetic storage medium, a flash
memory and/or other storage facility. A hardware memory facility
may for example store a fixed information set (e.g., software code)
including, but not limited to, a file, program, application, source
code, object code, and the like.
[0150] Assembly communication module 1160, mobile device
communication module 1260 and Server communication module 1360 may
for example include I/O device drivers (not shown) and network
interface drivers (not shown) for enabling the transmission and/or
reception of signals carrying data over network 190. A device
driver may for example, interface with a keypad or to a USB port. A
network interface driver may for example execute protocols for the
Internet, or an Intranet, Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area
Network (LAN) employing, e.g., Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)),
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Personal Area Network (PAN),
extranet, 2G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G including for example Mobile WIMAX or
Long Term Evolution (LTE) advanced, and/or any other current or
future communication network, standard, and/or system.
[0151] Memory assembly memory 1140, mobile device memory 1240
and/or server memory 1340 may include instruction which, when
executed, for example, by the respective sensor assembly processor
1130 and/or mobile device processor 1230 and/or server processor
1330, may cause the execution of the method, process and/or
operation for monitoring physiological parameters of a user. Such
method, process and/or operation may herein be implemented by
monitoring engine 1500, e.g., as outlined herein above. According
to some embodiments, some implementations and/or portions and/or
processes and/or elements and/or functions of monitoring engine
1500 may be implemented by cover sensor assembly 1100, some of the
monitoring engine 1500 may be implemented by mobile device 1200,
and/or some may be implemented by monitoring server 1300.
Respective implementations and/or portions and/or processes and/or
elements and/or functions of monitoring engine 1500 may herein be
referenced by labels 1150, 1250 and 1350 denoting "assembly
monitoring engine", "mobile device monitoring engine" and "server
monitoring engine", respectively, causing cover sensor assembly
1100, mobile device 1200 and/or monitoring server 1300 to operate
as disclosed herein.
[0152] To simplify the discussion that follows, methods and
processes disclosed herein may be outlined herein in conjunction
with monitoring engine 1500. Monitoring engine 1500 may be realized
by one or more hardware, software and/or hybrid hardware/software
modules, e.g., as outlined herein.
[0153] In an embodiment, validated physiological information may be
transmitted in parallel to mobile device 1200 and server 1300.
Monitoring system 1000 may include a communication layer for
connecting an authentication layer for protecting data descriptive
of the user's ID user and for securely transmitting data
descriptive of physiological information to server 1300.
[0154] Monitoring system 1000 may allow uploading of data to server
1300 from millions of mobile devices having cover sensor assembly
installed. Monitoring system 1000 may further include a web-portal
which allows users to track the data collected by their personal
cover sensor assembly, a CRM system to support customer and service
provider interfaces (like doctors, and health services). Server
1300 may be operative to analyze the uploaded data, provide the
user with trends related to his/her health and alerts in case the
system detects problem.
[0155] Further referring to FIG. 5, a method for monitoring
physiological parameters may include, as indicated by box 510,
subjecting a physiological sensor to a sensor stimuli relating to
physiological information about a user of a monitoring system and
generating data ("physiological data") descriptive of the sensor
stimuli. For example, monitoring system 1000 may receive such
physiological data from the user via one or more of physiological
sensors 1110A-1110G.
[0156] In an embodiment, the method may further include, as
indicated by box 520, determining if the conditions are met for
displaying to the user the physiological information, e.g., by
employing one or more of validation sensors 1120.
[0157] In an embodiment, the method may include, as indicated by
box 530, displaying the user of the monitoring system the
physiological information if the conditions are met.
[0158] The various features and steps discussed above, as well as
other known equivalents for each such feature or step, can be mixed
and matched by one of ordinary skill in this art to perform methods
in accordance with principles described herein. Although the
disclosure has been provided in the context of certain embodiments
and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art
that the disclosure extends beyond the specifically described
embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and
obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, the
disclosure is not intended to be limited by the specific
disclosures of embodiments herein. For example, any digital
computer engine (exemplified herein as monitoring engine 1500) can
be configured or otherwise programmed to implement a method
disclosed herein, and to the extent that a particular digital
computer system is configured to implement such a method, it is
within the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Once a digital
computer system is programmed to perform particular functions
pursuant to computer-executable instructions from program software
that implements a method disclosed herein, it in effect becomes a
special purpose computer particular to an embodiment of the method
disclosed herein. The techniques necessary to achieve this are well
known to those skilled in the art and thus are not further
described herein. The methods and/or processes disclosed herein may
be implemented as a computer program product such as, for example,
a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier, for
example, in a non-transitory computer-readable or non-transitory
machine-readable storage device and/or in a propagated signal, for
execution by or to control the operation of, a data processing
apparatus including, for example, one or more programmable
processors and/or one or more computers. The terms "non-transitory
computer-readable storage device" and "non-transitory
machine-readable storage device" encompasses distribution media,
intermediate storage media, execution memory of a computer, and any
other medium or device capable of storing for later reading by a
computer program implementing embodiments of a method disclosed
herein. A computer program product can be deployed to be executed
on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed
across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication
network.
[0159] In the discussion, unless otherwise stated, adjectives such
as "substantially" and "about" that modify a condition or
relationship characteristic of a feature or features of an
embodiment of the invention, are to be understood to mean that the
condition or characteristic is defined to within tolerances that
are acceptable for operation of the embodiment for an application
for which it is intended.
[0160] Positional terms such as "upper", "lower" "right", "left",
"bottom", "below", "lowered", "low", "top", "above", "elevated",
"high", "vertical" and "horizontal" as well as grammatical
variations thereof as may be used herein do not necessarily
indicate that, for example, a "bottom" component is below a "top"
component, or that a component that is "below" is indeed "below"
another component or that a component that is "above" is indeed
"above" another component as such directions, components or both
may be flipped, rotated, moved in space, placed in a diagonal
orientation or position, placed horizontally or vertically, or
similarly modified. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the
terms "bottom", "below", "top" and "above" may be used herein for
exemplary purposes only, to illustrate the relative positioning or
placement of certain components, to indicate a first and a second
component or to do both.
[0161] "Coupled with" means indirectly or directly "coupled
with".
[0162] Where applicable, although state diagrams, flow diagrams or
both may be used to describe embodiments, the technique is not
limited to those diagrams or to the corresponding descriptions. For
example, flow need not move through each illustrated box or state,
or in exactly the same order as illustrated and described.
* * * * *