U.S. patent application number 15/212881 was filed with the patent office on 2017-01-19 for device for treating, in particular cooling, bulk material using a gas.
This patent application is currently assigned to Claudius Peters Projects GmbH. The applicant listed for this patent is Claudius Peters Projects GmbH. Invention is credited to Reiner FRUEHLING.
Application Number | 20170016674 15/212881 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53835232 |
Filed Date | 2017-01-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170016674 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
FRUEHLING; Reiner |
January 19, 2017 |
DEVICE FOR TREATING, IN PARTICULAR COOLING, BULK MATERIAL USING A
GAS
Abstract
A device for treating bulk material with a gas, the device
including a grate through which gas can flow from an under-grate
space to the upper side and which conveys a layer of bulk material
in a conveying direction from a loading end to a discharge end. The
grate has a plurality of mutually adjacent rows, each of which
includes at least one bar that is elongate in the conveying
direction and may be moved alternately back and forth in the
conveying direction. Driving is controlled such that the forward
stroke of the at least one bar of two adjacent rows takes place at
the same time, while the rearward stroke of the at least one bar of
two adjacent rows takes place at different times.
Inventors: |
FRUEHLING; Reiner; (Hamburg,
DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Claudius Peters Projects GmbH |
Buxtehude |
|
DE |
|
|
Assignee: |
Claudius Peters Projects
GmbH
Buxtehude
DE
|
Family ID: |
53835232 |
Appl. No.: |
15/212881 |
Filed: |
July 18, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F27D 2015/0233 20130101;
F27D 2015/0226 20130101; F27D 2015/024 20130101; F27D 15/022
20130101; F27D 2015/0246 20130101; F27D 2003/0092 20130101; F27D
17/004 20130101; F27D 15/0213 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F27D 15/02 20060101
F27D015/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 17, 2015 |
EP |
15177296.9 |
Claims
1. A device for treating bulk material with a gas, the device
comprising a grate through which gas can flow from an under-grate
space to an upper side and which is configured to convey the bulk
material in a conveying direction from a loading end to a discharge
end, wherein the grate comprises a plurality of mutually adjacent
rows, each row comprising at least one bar that is elongate in the
conveying direction and is configured to be moved alternately back
and forth in the conveying direction, wherein the grate is
configured to be controlled such that the forward stroke of the at
least one bar of two adjacent rows takes place at the same time and
the rearward stroke of the at least one bar of two adjacent rows
takes place at different times, wherein the grate includes, in the
conveying direction on at least one side, a row of at least one
unmoving adapter for increasing the grate width, and wherein gas
can flow through the at least one adapter from the under-grate
space to the upper side.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the row of at least one unmoving
adapter is less wide than a row comprising at least one bar.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the width of the row of at least
one adapter is less than 70% of the width of the row comprising at
least one bar.
4. The device of claim 1, comprising a superstructure that reaches
over the grate in a direction transverse to the conveying
direction, wherein the at least one adapter is fixedly secured to
the superstructure.
5. The device of claim 1, comprising a sealing device disposed
between the row of at least one unmoving adapter and an adjacent
row of bars.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the sealing device includes, on a
side of the at least one adapter adjacent to the bar, a
longitudinal gutter that is set back from an upper side of the
adapter and with which an elongate strip of the adjacent bar
engages.
7. The device of claim 5, wherein the sealing device is
ventilated.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein an upper side of the at least one
adapter comprises at least one recess that is configured to hold
bulk material.
9. The device of claim 2, wherein the width of the row of at least
one adapter is less than 50% of the width of the row comprising at
least one bar.
10. The device of claim 2, wherein the width of the row of at least
one adapter is less than 30% of the width of the row comprising at
least one bar.
11. The device of claim 6, wherein the elongate strip is an angled
strip.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of EP Application No.
15177296.9, filed on Jul. 17, 2015, the entire contents of which is
incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to a device for treating, in
particular cooling, bulk material using a gas.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In order to treat bulk material using a gas, it is known to
convey a bed of bulk material continuously over a grate. During
this, the gas passes through the grate and then flows through the
bed of bulk material. This type of treatment of bulk material using
gas is frequently found for example when cooling cement clinker
using air.
[0004] For conveying the bulk material over the grate, so-called
reciprocating grates are known, which comprise overlapping rows of
grate plates that are alternately unmoving in the conveying
direction and moved back and forth in the conveying direction. A
cooler of this type is described in DE-A-37 34 043.
[0005] Also known in the prior art are so-called moving floor
coolers, in which the grate comprises a plurality of bars that are
elongate in the conveying direction and are moved forward in the
conveying direction at the same time and then back again at
different times. During this, the bars move on rollers that are
arranged on a steel substructure. It is also possible to provide on
the steel substructure--and hence below the grate--air baffles or
air chambers, by means of which flow through the grate and through
the bulk material lying thereon can be made to differ over the
width and/or length of the cooler. Examples of coolers of this type
can be found inter alia in DK-A-1999/1403, U.S. Pat. No. 2,240,590
or DE-A-196 51 741.
[0006] In both the above-mentioned types of cooler construction,
there is always provided a housing by means of which the space
above the grate is separated from the surrounding area. As a
result, the gas flowing through the bed of bulk material may be
collected and supplied to a further use. In the case of a cooler
for hot cement clinker, the correspondingly collected, heated
cooling air may be used for example for the upstream kiln, for
pre-heating the raw material and/or for power generation.
[0007] The upper parts of bulk material coolers, which delimit the
space above the grate, typically comprise a steel casing, against
the inner side of which masonry or another fire-resistant layer is
constructed. A corresponding protective layer is required to
protect the steel casing from wear.
[0008] In the case of a complete new construction of a cooler, the
upper part may be erected such that the dimensions correspond to
the grate and the substructure below it. Since a corresponding
complete new construction of a cooler is costly, the possibility is
frequently considered of obtaining parts--in particular the upper
part--of an old, already existing bulk material cooler and of
equipping it with a new grate and where appropriate a new grate
substructure. Because of the improved wear properties, in this case
reciprocating grate coolers are frequently to be converted into
moving floor coolers.
[0009] Because of the prerequisites of manufacturing technology,
and in order to avoid costly customized manufacture, however, the
bars of a moving floor cooler typically have standardized (at least
the manufacturer's own) dimensions, in particular a standardized
width. The steel substructure is also adjusted to this standardized
bar width, as a result of which a low-cost modular substructure
system is made possible.
[0010] If an existing bulk material cooler upper part is to be
equipped with a new moving floor cooler, the problem frequently
occurs that the internal width of the upper part does not
correspond to a whole number of multiples of the standard width of
bars. To solve this problem, according to the prior art a moving
floor cooler having a bar width that is adjusted to the existing
upper part can be manufactured, although this means a costly
customized manufacture. As an alternative, it is known to reduce
the internal width of the upper part by constructing additional
masonry or another fire-resistant layer such that this dimension
corresponds to a multiple of a standard width for bars. However, a
solution of this type is complex and moreover results in a grate
surface area of the new moving floor cooler that is smaller than
the original reciprocating grate cooler.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] An object of the invention is to provide a device for
treating, in particular cooling, bulk material using a gas in which
the disadvantages known from the prior art--in particular in
connection with converting a reciprocating grate cooler into a
moving floor cooler--no longer occur, or occur only to a reduced
extent.
[0012] Accordingly, embodiments of the invention relate to a device
for treating, in particular cooling, bulk material using a gas,
which has a grate through which gas can flow from an under-grate
space to the upper side and which conveys a layer of the bulk
material in a conveying direction, from a loading end to a
discharge end, wherein the grate has a plurality of mutually
adjacent rows of in each case at least one bar that is elongate in
the conveying direction and may be moved alternately back and forth
in the conveying direction and whereof driving is controlled such
that the forward stroke of the in each case at least one bar of two
adjacent rows takes place at the same time, while the rearward
stroke of the in each case at least one bar of two adjacent rows
takes place at different times, wherein, for increasing the grate
width, the grate includes in the conveying direction on at least
one side in each case a row of at least one unmoving adapter,
wherein gas can flow through the at least one adapter from the
under-grate space to the upper side.
[0013] As a result of the row, provided according to the invention,
of at least one adapter on one or--preferably--on both sides of the
grate, the grate can also have a width that does not correspond to
a multiple of the width of the rows of bars. Consequently, any
already existing bulk material cooler upper parts may be equipped
with a moving floor cooler without this necessitating a customized
manufacture of bars or structural measures in order to alter the
internal width of a bulk material cooler upper part. Since the at
least one adapter that is provided according to the invention is
moreover unmoving--so, unlike the bars, is not moved back and
forth--it is also possible to make use of a standardized grate
substructure that is adjusted to bars of standardized width. Here
too, costly customized manufacture may thus be avoided. In the
context of the invention, the expression "standardized" should be
understood in broad terms. Thus, the expression is not restricted
to standards drawn up by national or international organizations
but also includes for example the manufacturer's own and thus where
appropriate manufacturer-specific standard dimensions of
components, and so on.
[0014] According to the invention, the adapter provided is
gas-permeable from the underside to its upper side and so gas--for
example cooling air--can flow through it from the under-grate
space. The upper side of the adapter may for this purpose--where
appropriate in a manner similar to the upper side of the bars--be
provided with a plurality of gas passage openings. The expression
"under-grate space" indicates the region below the grate, that is
to say below the bars and the at least one adapter.
[0015] Because, according to the invention, a through-flow of gas
is made possible in the region of the at least one adapter in a
manner comparable to that of the bars of the grate, the gas can
effectively flow through--and thus for example cool--bulk material
that lies on the at least one adapter. By comparison with a moving
floor cooler without any adapters--for which for example the
internal dimension of a bulk material cooler upper part has been
made smaller--the effective grate cooler surface area is thus
larger.
[0016] During operation of the device according to the invention,
there is moreover formed, in the bulk material layer above the at
least one adapter that bears against the unmoving wall laterally
delimiting the grate, a wedge-shaped region in which the bulk
material remains virtually unmoving. This wedge-shaped region thus
provides an intrinsic protection against wear for the wall, since
direct contact between the wall and the moving bulk material is
avoided.
[0017] Typically, a row of adapters includes a plurality of
adapters arranged one after the other in the conveying direction,
wherein the individual adapters may be of the same construction.
The same applies to rows of bars, in which a plurality of bars that
are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction and are
preferably of the same construction may be provided. The bars of
different rows of bars are likewise preferably of the same
construction as one another. This allows the number of different
structural elements for a device according to the invention to be
markedly reduced, which simplifies and is favourable for
manufacture.
[0018] In order to keep the proportion of bulk material that lies
on the at least one adapter and may remain unmoving in the device
according to the invention as low as possible, it is preferable for
a row comprising at least one adapter to be less wide than any row
comprising at least one bar. In particular, the width of a row
comprising at least one adapter may be less than 70%, preferably
less than 50%, further preferably less than 30% of the width of a
row comprising at least one bar. The at least one adapter that is
provided according to the invention is thus narrower than a
bar.
[0019] The at least one adapter may be the result of a customized
manufacture that is made for a particular, already existing bulk
material cooler upper part. Since it is possible otherwise to make
use of standardized bars and a standardized substructure adjusted
thereto in the device according to the invention, however, a device
according to the invention is still lower-cost than a moving floor
cooler which as a whole is the result of customized manufacture
(for example because it has a special bar width).
[0020] It is furthermore preferable if the device has a
superstructure that reaches over the grate in a direction
transverse to the conveying direction, and the at least one adapter
is fixedly secured to the superstructure. The superstructure may be
in particular a where appropriate already existing bulk material
cooler upper part. The superstructure also typically forms the
walls that laterally delimit the grate. Because the at least one
adapter is directly secured to the superstructure, the adapter is
arranged unmoving without the need for additional securing devices.
In particular, there is thus no need for the grate substructure
that is provided for the bars to be constructed to receive and
secure adapters. Rather, it is possible to make use of a standard,
for example a modular, grate substructure, since the at least one
adapter that is additionally provided according to the invention
can be secured separately therefrom.
[0021] Between the row of at least one unmoving adapter and the row
of bars adjacent thereto, a sealing device is preferably provided.
By means of a sealing device of this type, it is possible to avoid
bulk material passing through the gap required for relative
movement between the adapter and the adjacent bar and into the
under-grate space.
[0022] It is particularly preferable if the sealing device
includes, on the side of at least one adapter adjacent to the bar,
a longitudinal gutter that is set back from the upper side of the
adapter and with which an elongate strip of the adjacent bar
engages. The desired sealing can be achieved as a result of a
comparatively simple and thus fail-safe construction of this kind.
The strip on the above-described bar may preferably take the form
of an angled strip, wherein one limb of the angled strip may then
form at least one part of the upper side of the bar on which the
bulk material lies. Because the part of the sealing device that
comes into direct contact with the bulk material layer is arranged
on the bar and is thus moved therewith, a corresponding sealing
device does not in practice enlarge the unmoving region at the edge
of the grate beyond the upper side of the at least one adapter.
[0023] The sealing device may preferably be ventilated. This means
that gas from the under-grate space may flow through the sealing
device to the upper side of the grate. As a result of a gas flow of
this type, the penetration of bulk material into the sealing device
and the possibility of a residue of material falling through the
grate can be reduced.
[0024] It is preferable if the upper side of the at least one
adapter has at least one recess that holds material. In the event
of the bulk material cooling, material that has already cooled can
accumulate in a recess of this type and thus prevent direct contact
between the adapter and bulk material that is still hot. In other
words, an intrinsic protection against wear can be achieved for the
at least one adapter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] The invention will now be described by way of example using
advantageous embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings,
in which:
[0026] FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a device according to
the invention for treating bulk material using gas;
[0027] FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the grate of the
device from FIG. 1;
[0028] FIG. 3 shows a section through the device according to FIG.
1;
[0029] FIG. 4 shows a detail of FIG. 3, on a larger scale; and
[0030] FIG. 5 shows a schematic three-dimensional illustration of
the detail from FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a device 1
according to the invention for treating bulk material using gas.
This device 1 is a bulk material cooler, in which hot cement
clinker coming from a kiln 90 is cooled using cooling air. FIG. 3
shows the section A-A from FIG. 1.
[0032] The cement clinker or bulk material coming from the kiln 90
falls through a loading shaft 2, first onto a loading section 3 of
the device 1, and because of the inclined arrangement of the
loading section 3 from there onto a grate 4. The grate 4 is
ventilated from the under-grate space 5, that is to say that
cooling air flows from the under-grate space 5 through the grate 4
and bulk material lying thereon before it is guided away--having
been heated by the hot bulk material--through air outlets 6'
arranged in the superstructure 6 of the device 1, and where
appropriate is fed to a further use (power generation, for
pre-heating, etc.). As can be seen in FIG. 3, the superstructure 6
reaches over the grate 4 in a direction transverse to the conveying
direction 80.
[0033] The bulk material to be cooled is conveyed through the grate
4 in the conveying direction (indicated by the arrow 80) from the
loading section 3 to the discharge end 7 of the device and from
there is transported away by way of conveyor belts 91. As explained
in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2, the grate 4 for this
purpose takes the form of a moving floor.
[0034] FIG. 2 shows a schematic and simplified plan view of the
loading section 3 and the grate 4 of the device 1 from FIG. 1. The
loading section 3 includes a plurality of static tiles 8 over which
the bulk material falling thereon slides towards the grate 4. The
grate 4 includes a plurality of mutually adjacent rows 10 which
each include a plurality of elongate bars 11 arranged one after the
other in the conveying direction. Gas can flow through the bars 11.
In other words, the bars 11 are formed such that cooling air can
flow from the under-grate space 5 through the bars 11 and into the
bulk material lying on the bars 11. For this purpose, the bars 11
have gas passage openings on their upper side, which bears the bulk
material, although these are not illustrated in FIG. 2 for reasons
of clarity. Provided in the under-grate space 5 is a substructure 9
on which the rows 10 of bars 11 are mounted. The under-grate space
5 may be divided into chambers in the longitudinal direction (that
is to say parallel to the conveying direction 80) and/or in the
transverse direction, in order to provide different ventilation
zones over the length and/or width.
[0035] The rows 10 of bars 11 may each be moved back and forth in
the conveying direction 80, wherein the bars 11 of a row 10 are
connected to one another such that they are moved together. Driving
(not illustrated) of the rows 10 of bars 11 is controlled such that
the forward stroke of the bars 11 of two adjacent rows 10 takes
place at the same time, while the rearward stroke of the bars 11 of
two adjacent rows 10 takes place at different times. As a result of
this movement scheme, conveying of the bulk material in the
conveying direction 80 is achieved by the moving floor principle.
As can be seen directly in the scheme according to FIG. 2, the
grate 4 includes only bars 11 in three different dimensions,
although the width of all the bars 11 in a direction transverse to
the conveying direction 80 is identical. By using correspondingly
standardized bars 11, the corresponding region of the grate 4 can
be manufactured at low cost, another reason for this being the
possibility of making use of a standardized substructure 9 and
drive.
[0036] On each of the two sides of the rows 10 of bars 11 there is
provided a row 12 of adapters 13, the width of the adapters 13 in a
direction transverse to the conveying direction 80 being less than
half the width of the bars 11. The adapters 13 are unmoving and so,
unlike the bars 11, in particular cannot be moved back and forth in
the conveying direction. Gas may flow from the under-grate space 5
to the upper side through the adapters 13, however, similarly to
the bars 11. For this purpose, the adapters 13 may have gas passage
openings on their upper side, but for reasons of clarity these are
not illustrated in FIG. 2.
[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates the region around a row 12 of adapters 13
from FIG. 3 in detail. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the adapter 13 of
the row 12--as indeed all the other adapters of this row 12--is
fixedly secured to the superstructure 6. As a result, the adapters
13 are on the one hand secured to be unmoving, and on the other
hand there is no need to adjust the substructure 9 for the purpose
of securing adapters 13 thereto, so use may be made of a
standardized substructure 9.
[0038] Provided between the row 12 of adapters 13 and the row 10 of
bars 11 adjacent thereto is a sealing device 14. The sealing device
14 includes, on the side of the adapter 13 adjacent to the bar 11,
a longitudinal gutter 15 that is set back from the upper side of
the adapter 13 and with which a likewise elongate angled strip 16
of the adjacent bar 11 engages (cf. also FIG. 5). It is possible
for air to flow through the labyrinthine gap that is thus produced
from the under-grate space 5, for the purpose of ventilating the
sealing device 14, as a result of which the possibility that bulk
material will penetrate into the sealing device 14 can be
reduced.
[0039] FIG. 5 schematically illustrates, in a three-dimensional
view, a section of the grate 4 in the region of an adapter 13 of
the row 12. As illustrated, the adapter 13 has two recesses 17 in
which bulk material can be held in order in this way to obtain an
intrinsic protection against wear. The already mentioned gas
passage openings 18 are arranged in the base of the recesses.
[0040] It can likewise be seen in FIG. 5 that the bars 11 also have
recesses 19 of this type, on the base whereof the gas passage
openings 20 are arranged.
* * * * *