U.S. patent application number 14/792929 was filed with the patent office on 2017-01-12 for mating sensor device for livestock.
The applicant listed for this patent is Pablo Rafael Torres. Invention is credited to Pablo Rafael Torres.
Application Number | 20170006836 14/792929 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57705892 |
Filed Date | 2017-01-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170006836 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Torres; Pablo Rafael |
January 12, 2017 |
Mating Sensor Device for Livestock
Abstract
A device and method detects the orientation of a copulating
livestock to indicate when the copulating livestock is mounted over
a recipient livestock. A mounting base attaches the device over the
dorsal spine and in the middle line of the back of the copulating
livestock. The copulating livestock orients its dorsal spinal cord
at about 45.degree. incline while copulating with the recipient
livestock. A tilt sensor detects the angle of inclination in
relation to gravity or a predetermined reference angle. The
copulation angle is generally greater than 45.degree.. A counting
apparatus registers the count every time the copulation angle is
detected. A transmitter sends the count data to a remote data
storage for analysis of copulating patterns. A solar panel provides
renewable energy to recharge a battery. A control portion controls
the device with a power switch and a reset switch. A camera and
light provide more efficient analysis.
Inventors: |
Torres; Pablo Rafael;
(Buenosaires, AR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Torres; Pablo Rafael |
Buenosaires |
|
AR |
|
|
Family ID: |
57705892 |
Appl. No.: |
14/792929 |
Filed: |
July 7, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61D 17/004 20130101;
A01K 29/005 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01K 29/00 20060101
A01K029/00 |
Claims
1. A device for managing livestock husbandry, the device comprises:
a mounting base, the mounting base defined by a mounting surface
and an exterior surface; a tilt sensor, the tilt sensor configured
to detect a reference angle and a copulation angle, wherein the
copulation angle is at least 45 degrees of deviation from the
reference angle; a counting apparatus, the counting apparatus
configured to register a count of the copulation angle; a
transmitter, the transmitter configured to transmit the count of
the copulation angle to a remote data storage portion; a reset
switch, the reset switch configured to reset the counting
apparatus; a power switch, the power switch configured to power on
and power off the device; a battery, the battery configured to
generate power for the device; and a solar panel, the solar panel
configured to generate renewable energy for recharging the
battery.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is attached over the
dorsal spine and in the middle line of the back of a copulating
livestock.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the mounting surface of the
mounting base is defined by a ridged texture configured to create
frictional attachment with the skin of the copulating livestock for
inhibiting slippage of the device.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein the mounting base comprises at
least one strap, the at least one strap configured to fasten the
device to the copulating livestock.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the at least one strap is
arranged to cross over a forelimb armpit and over the dorsal spine
and in the middle line of the back of the copulating livestock.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the at least one strap is two
straps that are elastic and adjustable.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the copulation angle is the angle
formed by the copulating livestock mounting a recipient
livestock.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the reference angle is the angle
formed by the copulating livestock oriented substantially parallel
with a ground surface.
9. The device of claim 8, further including a light, the light
configured to illuminate the area proximal to the copulating
livestock.
10. The device of claim 9, further including a camera, the camera
configured to capture an image of the area proximal to the
copulating livestock.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein the copulating livestock
includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
a bull, a ram, a buck, a stallion, and a dog.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the recipient livestock
includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
a cow, a castrated bull, an ewe, a nannie, a mare, and a bitch.
13. The device of claim 1, wherein the mounting base is glued to
the dorsal area of a male copulating animal.
14. The device of claim 1, further including a control portion, the
control portion including at least one member selected from the
group consisting of: a button, a switch, a display screen, an
antenna, and an alarm, wherein the alarm operatively connects to
the control portion, the alarm configured to indicate an event by
the copulating livestock, misalignment of the at least one
dispenser, and nonoperation of the tilt sensor.
15. The device of claim 1, further including a tracking portion,
the tracking portion configured to track the position of the device
with a global positioning system or a radio frequency system.
16. A device for managing livestock husbandry, the device
comprises: a mounting base, the mounting base defined by a mounting
surface and an exterior surface; a tilt sensor, the tilt sensor
configured to detect a reference angle and a copulation angle,
wherein the copulation angle is at least 45 degrees of deviation
from the reference angle; a counting apparatus, the counting
apparatus configured to register a count of the copulation angle; a
reset switch, the reset switch configured to reset the counting
apparatus; a power switch, the power switch configured to power on
and power off the device; a battery, the battery configured to
generate power for the device.
17. The device of claim 16, wherein the copulation angle is the
angle formed by the copulating livestock mounting a recipient
livestock.
18. The device of claim 16, wherein the reference angle is the
angle formed by the copulating livestock oriented substantially
parallel with a ground surface.
19. The device of claim 16, further including a solar panel, the
solar panel configured to generate renewable energy for recharging
the battery.
20. A method for managing livestock husbandry, the method
comprising: providing a device for monitoring copulation patterns
of a copulation livestock in relation to a recipient livestock;
attaching the device with at least one strap over the dorsal spine
and in the middle line of the back of the copulating livestock;
detecting a copulation angle and a reference angle of the
copulating livestock with a tilt sensor, wherein the copulation
angle is the angle formed by the copulating livestock mounting a
recipient livestock, wherein the reference angle is the angle
formed by the copulating livestock oriented substantially parallel
with a ground surface; registering a count of the copulation angle
with a counting apparatus; transmitting the count of the copulation
angle to a remote data storage portion with a transmitter; tracking
a position of the device through a tracking portion; collecting
renewable energy through a solar panel for powering the device; and
operating the device through a control portion.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] It is known that, livestock are domesticated animals raised
in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food,
fiber, and labor. Common types of livestock include, cows, goats,
sheep, chickens, and horses. Livestock are generally raised for
profit, and thus are a valuable commodity to be protected against
disease, sickness, and theft. The inventor was familiar with
livestock, and in particular animal husbandry, which is a component
of modern agriculture. The inventor was very interested in breeding
patterns of the livestock.
[0002] The inventor was aware that livestock are generally kept in
an enclosure, are fed by human-provided food, and are intentionally
bred. However, the inventor was also aware that some livestock are
not enclosed, but rather, allowed to breed freely. The inventor
knew that in large open ranges the livestock may be only
occasionally inspected or yarded in round-ups for counting and
assessing the health of the livestock. Often, herding dogs or
cowboys could be used for mustering the livestock. But this could
be costly, especially for ranches ranging thousands of acres.
Nonetheless, the inventor knew that whether fenced up, or free to
roam over wide ranges, livestock was susceptible to disease and
health concerns.
[0003] The inventor observed livestock operations and observed some
common problems. The largest problem seen by the inventor was that
the breeding, or more specifically, copulating patterns of the
livestock was difficult to monitor. This was made more difficult
when the livestock roamed over large ranges.
[0004] The inventor was aware that more than 90% of the cow's
fertilization from a bull in the United States was performed
through natural breeding. Through routine observation, the inventor
recognized that at the beginning of the mating season, the bulls
were routinely checked for mating and fertility capacities. The
veterinarian or farmer selected the bulls for a determined herd
that was in good reproductive conditions.
[0005] Through research and conversation with farmers and
veterinarians, the inventor discerned that determining when a bull
copulates over a cow is an indication of oestrus, which is
important to determine the fertile period when cows may be
artificially inseminated. Additionally, the health of the bull or a
cow can be determined based on the copulation pattern, so as to
cull out the weaker livestock that are not reproducing
efficiently.
[0006] However, the inventor quickly learned that once the bulls
are put with the cows, they are seldom checked for their ability to
mate appropriately. This was chiefly due to the difficulty to
follow or closely check the bulls under forage conditions and also
because there is a natural tendency that the bull to mate early in
the morning. Another factor is the great amount of time needed to
check multiple bulls at the same time.
[0007] The inventor recognized that there would have to be a means
to detect every time the bull copulated with the cow, so as to
better manage the reproduction patterns. The inventor observed the
copulation and noted that during copulation, the bull lifts the
trunk and anterior part while keeping the substantial portion of
the weight of the body over the rear legs. This inclined lift is
made along a forward movement and so the bull is positioned over
the back of the cow. The inventor also saw that at the time of
thrust or just before it, the bull moved forward with the
necessarily curving of the spine which is maximum in the dorsal
spine area. This produced an angle in the dorsal spine of at least
45.degree.. The inventor decided that by detecting this 45.degree.
angle, the moment of copulation could be determined.
[0008] The inventor researched and learned that a tilt sensor could
detect when an angle was changed from a reference, or horizontal
angle, to the 45.degree. angle. The inventor decided to develop a
device that could mount a tilt sensor on the dorsal spine area of
the bull. The device mounted onto the bull, forming a secure
covering for protecting the tilt sensor. However, the device was
disturbed while attached to the bull. Other animals, fences, posts,
and trees would knock it from its place on the bull. The inventor
added elastic straps and an uneven mounting surface to further
secure the device to the back of the bull.
[0009] However, the inventor soon learned that the number of times
that the bull copulated was not known. The inventor integrated a
counting apparatus into the device. The inventor operatively
connected the counting apparatus to the tilt sensor, such that
every time the tilt sensor detected the bull in a 45.degree. angle,
the counting apparatus registered a count. The inventor then
continued enhancing the device by including a transmitter that
transmitted the count data to a remote data storage. In this
manner, analysis of the breeding habits was facilitated.
[0010] However, the inventor soon realized that the battery that
powered the device would die quickly and negate all the advantages
of managing the breeding patterns. The inventor was aware that
portable solar cell electricity chargers have been developed to
receive and convert sunlight into electrical energy. The inventor
also knew that livestock chiefly remained outside under the sun.
The inventor decided to integrate a solar panel into the device,
such that it could operate for extended period of times (a year or
longer) without battery replacement or power outages.
[0011] The inventor further modified the device by providing a
remote processor that could operatively communicate with the
device. And since the device was now operable remotely, the
inventor decided to integrate a tracking processor and chip in the
apparatus. In this way, the device could be remotely operated and
the livestock could be remotely tracked. The inventor finally took
the step of including a gyroscope to the tracking chip so that it
would be apparent if the livestock fell to its side, such as in an
accident or death. The inventor also developed a livestock breeding
management method based on the device.
[0012] Managing livestock for breeding purposes has been performed
in the past, yet none with the present characteristics of the
present invention. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,490; Chinese
CN102870739; and U.S. 20090283050.
[0013] For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for a device and
method for managing livestock breeding patterns by detecting a
mounting or bulling position by a copulating livestock over a
recipient livestock that correlates with copulation behavior.
SUMMARY
[0014] The present invention describes a device and method for
managing livestock husbandry; and specifically a device and method
for managing copulation habits of livestock by detecting, counting,
and transmitting a mounting or bulling position by a copulating
livestock over a recipient livestock. In some embodiments, the
device and method may detect the orientation of a copulating
livestock to indicate that the livestock is in a mounting position
over a recipient livestock. Those skilled in the art will recognize
that a copulating livestock that has its dorsal spinal cord
inclined at about 45.degree. while copulating. This 45.degree.
copulation angle is not produced at other physiological movements
of the animal such as walking, running, eating, standing up or
lying down. Thus, the 45.degree. angle provides an accurate
indication that copulation is occurring.
[0015] In some embodiments, the device may detect the orientation
of a copulating livestock to indicate when the copulating livestock
is mounted over a recipient livestock. A mounting base attaches the
device over the dorsal spine and in the middle line of the back of
the copulating livestock. The copulating livestock orients its
dorsal spinal cord at about 45.degree. incline while copulating
with the recipient livestock. A tilt sensor detects the angle of
inclination in relation to gravity or a predetermined reference
angle. The copulation angle is generally greater than 45.degree.,
while the reference angle is generally horizontal with a ground
surface, i.e., about 0.degree..
[0016] A counting apparatus registers the count every time the
copulation angle is detected by the tilt sensor. A transmitter
sends the count data to a remote data storage for analysis of
copulating patterns. A solar panel provides renewable energy to
recharge a battery. A control portion directly or remotely controls
the device with a power switch and a reset switch.
[0017] In some embodiments, the device provides a copulation
detecting means that attaches directly to the copulating livestock.
The device detects when and how many times a copulating livestock,
such as a bull, lifts to a copulating position, i.e., 45.degree.,
to cover a recipient livestock, such as a cow. Thus, the device is
a physical piece of hardware that attaches in the vicinity of the
dorsal spinal cord, such as at a midpoint of the back of the
livestock.
[0018] The device comprises a tilt sensor that detects the angle of
inclination of the livestock in relation to gravity or a
predetermined reference plane, depending on the type of tilt sensor
being used. The tilt sensor registers a count every time the
copulating livestock lifts to the copulation angle. This
registration for each time the livestock lifts to the copulation
angle is performed with a counting apparatus. Thus, the counting
apparatus counts the number of times the copulating livestock forms
the generally 45.degree. angle, which indicates that copulation is
occurring at that specific moment.
[0019] The counting apparatus may then transmit the count data to a
remote data storage for analysis. A transmitter may be used for
this function. In one embodiment, the device perpetually monitors
and counts the mating activities of the copulating livestock 24
hours a day, during an entire mating season.
[0020] Those skilled in the art, in light of the present teachings,
will recognize that determining when a bull copulates over a cow is
an indication of oestrus, which is important to determine the
fertile period when cows may be artificially inseminated.
Additionally, the health of the bull or a cow can be determined
based on the copulation pattern, so as to cull out the weaker
livestock that are not reproducing efficiently. The device and
method may also be efficacious for tracking interactive behavioral
patterns and location of the livestock.
[0021] Consequentially, the device minimizes time and costs
associated with managing the breeding habits of livestock,
especially over large areas or with large numbers of livestock. It
is also significant to note that the device may be attached to a
female cow, since the cow also mounts other cows or castrated
bulls. Thus, the device is not limited to bulls or male
livestock.
[0022] The device includes a mounting base that rests flush with
the livestock. The mounting base utilizes at least one strap to
attach proximally to the withers of the livestock in a disposition
that minimizes movement and slippage by the device, but also
optimizes accurate measurements by the tilt sensor.
[0023] In one embodiment, the mounting base of the device positions
directly on the skin of a copulating livestock, over the dorsal
spine and in the middle line of the back. Those skilled in the art
will recognize that this position is directly above the spinous
apofisis of the dorsal spine. However, in other embodiments, the
device may be positioned at the neck, tail, or sides of the
copulating livestock. It is significant to note that the placement
of the device is less consequential than the accurate reading by
the tilt sensor.
[0024] The device attaches to the copulating livestock through a
pair of elastic and adjustable straps that extend from the mounting
base. Each elastic strap crosses over a forelimb armpit and over
the back of the copulating livestock before securing to the device.
In some embodiments, the device may have a bottom surface with an
uneven ridges for frictionally engaging the copulating livestock
and further minimizing slippage. In this manner, the device is
securely retained in place.
[0025] This disposition of the device helps ensure retention of the
device directly over the dorsal spine and in the middle line of the
back/vertebrae. Additionally, since the device is primarily
positioned directly above the median line of the vertebral column,
rather than the sides, front, or rear of the copulating livestock;
accidental engagements with other livestock, trees, fences, and
scratching posts is minimized. Furthermore, the disposition of the
device on the back of the copulating livestock does not interfere
with free walking, lying down, eating, drinking, or mating by the
copulating livestock.
[0026] In some embodiments, the device may include a control
portion that helps control the device. The control portion provides
switches and displays for monitoring the device and the copulating
livestock. The control portion may be attached directly on the
device, or may be at a remote data storage portion for remote
control of the device. The control portion may include, without
limitation, a button, a switch, a display screen, an antenna, and
an alarm. In one possible embodiment, the alarm is configured to
indicate an event, such as actions by the copulating livestock,
misalignment of the device, and nonoperation of the tilt
sensor.
[0027] In some embodiments, the control portion may further include
a power switch to turn on and off the device. The power switch may
be utilized to save energy to a display screen and to the tilt
sensor, and thus may only be visible when set to an on position. A
reset switch may also be used to reset a counting apparatus that
registers the number of times the copulating livestock inclines to
the copulation angle. Additional switches may be used to calibrate
the tilt sensor, including the sensitivity and the reference plane
thereof. The power switch and the reset switch may be operated
remotely. The power switch and the reset switch may also be
optional.
[0028] The device may also be powered by a battery. The battery may
include a rechargeable battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, or any
voltaic cell known in the art. In another embodiment, a solar cell
generates electricity for the battery and/or the device. The solar
cell provides renewable energy for recharging a power source in the
device. The solar cell is configured to orient upwardly relative to
the back of the livestock to minimize damage from other livestock
and objects, and optimize the capturing of sunlight. The use of the
solar cell allows the device to function for long periods of time
without intervention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that
livestock on large ranches may travel long distances for long
durations. The use of renewable energy, such as that provided by a
solar cell helps reduce maintenance costs for the device and
method, as a whole.
[0029] In one alternative embodiment, the device may include a
tracking portion that tracks both the position of the livestock in
a predetermined area, and the orientation of the livestock. The
position of the livestock may be useful for herd management. For
example, monitoring a stray animal from the herd. The tracking
portion may utilize any tracking device known in the art to monitor
the position of the livestock, including, without limitation, GPS,
Wi-Fi system, and radio frequency instruments.
[0030] A tracking processor, a tracking chip, and an antenna may be
used inside the device to operate the tracking portion. Similarly
to the position of the livestock, the orientation of the livestock
may be useful for determining the effects of the medication and the
general health of the livestock. For example, a livestock that is
oriented on its side may indicate a sick or dead livestock. A
gyroscope and various modifications thereof may be effective for
indicating the orientation of the livestock.
[0031] In some embodiments, the device and method enables both
direct and remote operation and monitoring of the device. The
device may be operated directly through a control portion, which
includes a display screen, the power switch, and the reset switch.
The control portion enables direct functional operation of the
device, including, without limitation, powering on and off the
device, adjusting the reference angle and sensitivity of the tilt
sensor, setting the sensitivity of the tracking portion, adjusting
the parameters of a tracking range, and setting alarms to indicate
various events with the livestock, such as lack of a predetermined
number of copulations in a period of time.
[0032] The display screen serves to display the results of these
functions, including data that indicates the intervals at which the
device tilts at the copulation angle. In one embodiment, the device
may also be controlled through a remote processor, whereby
generally the same functions are possible as with the more directly
operated control portion on the device. In another embodiment, an
alarm on the device indicates to the remote processor when the tilt
sensor is flawed or nonoperational.
[0033] One objective of the present invention is to provide a
device that detects copulation patterns of livestock.
[0034] Yet another objective is to provide a mounting base that
securely mounts the device on the back of the livestock.
[0035] Another objective is to provide at least one strap that
holds the device in a position on the back, such that the device is
not disturbed by inadvertent engagement with other livestock or
objects.
[0036] Another objective is to provide a tilt sensor that detects
the reference angle and the copulation angle.
[0037] Yet another objective is to monitor the tilt sensor and
alert when the tilt sensor is flawed.
[0038] Yet another objective is to generate an accurate count every
time the livestock lifts to the copulation angle.
[0039] Yet another objective is to monitor the orientation of the
livestock to determine if the livestock is sick or dead.
[0040] Yet another objective is to power the device with a
renewable energy source, such as solar energy.
[0041] Yet another objective is to provide a device for management
of livestock husbandry that attaches directly on livestock and that
requires minimal time and effort to operate.
[0042] Yet another objective is to provide an inexpensive to
implement device and method for management of livestock husbandry
that is adaptable across a variety of livestock.
DRAWINGS
[0043] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the
present invention will become better understood with regard to the
following description, appended claims, and drawings where:
[0044] FIG. 1 is a side view of a copulating livestock mounting a
recipient livestock while in the copulation angle and while wearing
a device for management of livestock husbandry;
[0045] FIG. 2 is a top view of an exemplary device for management
of livestock husbandry;
[0046] FIG. 3 is a flowchart diagram of an exemplary method for
management of livestock husbandry; and
[0047] FIG. 4 a block diagram depicting an exemplary client/server
system which may be used by an exemplary web-enabled/networked
embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION
[0048] One embodiment, referenced in FIGS. 1-4, illustrates a
device 100 and method 300 for managing livestock husbandry; and
more specifically, a device 100 and method 300 for detecting,
counting, and transmitting data that indicates a mounting or
bulling position by a copulating livestock 200 over a recipient
livestock 202. In some embodiments, the device 100 is configured to
detect the orientation of a copulating livestock 200 to indicate
when the copulating livestock 200 is mounted over a recipient
livestock 202. In this manner, the breeding and interaction
patterns by the livestock 200, 202 may more efficiently be
collected and analyzed.
[0049] In some embodiments, the copulating livestock 200 may
include, without limitation, a bull, a ram, a buck, a stallion, and
a dog. The recipient livestock 202 may include, without limitation,
a cow, a castrated bull, an ewe, a nannie, a mare, and a bitch. The
device 100 may be utilized with a single animal, a herd of
livestock, or a herd leader, such as a bull.
[0050] As referenced in FIG. 1, a mounting base 102 attaches the
device 100 over the dorsal spine and in the middle line of the back
of the copulating livestock 200. During copulation, the copulating
livestock 200 orients its dorsal spinal cord at about 45.degree.
incline while mounted over the recipient livestock 202. Those
skilled in the art will recognize that a copulating livestock 200
that has its dorsal spinal cord inclined at about 45.degree. is
generally copulating. This copulation angle 206 is generally not
produced at other physiological movements of the animal such as
walking, running, eating, standing up or lying down. Thus, the
45.degree. angle provides an accurate indication that copulation is
occurring.
[0051] A tilt sensor 104 detects the angle of inclination in
relation to gravity or a predetermined reference angle 204. The
tilt sensor 104 detects when the device 100 on the back of the
copulating livestock 200 moves from the reference angle 204 to the
copulation angle 206, which is generally greater than 45.degree.. A
counting apparatus 110 registers the count every time the
copulation angle 206 is detected. A transmitter (not shown) sends
the count data to a remote data storage (not shown) for analysis of
copulating patterns. A battery 112 powers the device 100. A solar
panel 114 provides renewable energy to recharge the battery 112. A
control portion 116 directly or remotely controls the device 100
with a power switch 108 and a reset switch 106.
[0052] In some embodiments, the device 100 provides a copulation
detecting means that attaches directly to the copulating livestock
200. The device 100 detects when and how many times a copulating
livestock 200, such as a bull, lifts to a copulating position,
i.e., 45.degree., to cover a recipient livestock 202, such as a cow
(FIG. 1). Thus, the device 100 is a physical piece of hardware that
attaches in the vicinity of the dorsal spinal cord, such as at a
midpoint of the back of the livestock.
[0053] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the device 100 comprises a tilt
sensor 104 that detects the angle of inclination of the copulating
livestock 200 in relation to gravity or a predetermined reference
angle 204.
[0054] The copulation angle 206 is the angle formed by the
copulating livestock 200 mounting a recipient livestock 202. The
reference angle 204 is the angle formed by the copulating livestock
200 oriented substantially parallel with a ground surface. In one
embodiment, the copulation angle is at least 45 degrees of
deviation from the reference angle 204. Thus, the tilt sensor 104
detects both the reference angle 204 and the copulation angle 206
in determining whether the copulation is occurring.
[0055] Turning now to FIG. 2, the tilt sensor 104 is operatively
connected to a counting apparatus 110. The counting apparatus 110
registers a count every time the copulating livestock 200 lifts to
the copulation angle 206. Thus, the counting apparatus 110 counts
the number of times the copulating livestock 200 forms the
generally 45.degree. copulation angle 206, which indicates that
copulation is occurring at that specific moment. The counting
apparatus 110 may then transmit the copulation count data to a
remote data storage for analysis of livestock patterns and
habits.
[0056] A transmitter (not shown) sends the count data to a remote
data storage (not shown) for analysis of copulating patterns. The
transmitter may include a radio frequency apparatus. The
radiofrequency apparatus may send a signal to a receptive device
located on the recipient livestock 202 to identify the copulating
livestock 200 and the recipient livestock 202 that are breeding. In
one embodiment, the device 100 perpetually monitors and counts the
mating activities of the livestock 200, 202 twenty-four hours a
day, during an entire mating season.
[0057] In one exemplary embodiment of operation of the device 100,
the copulating livestock 200 lifts the trunk and anterior part
while keeping the substantial portion of the weight of the body
over the rear legs. This inclined lift is made along a forward
movement and so the copulating livestock 200 is positioned over the
back of the recipient livestock 202. At the time of thrust or just
before it, the copulating livestock 200 moves forward with the
necessarily curving of the spine which is maximum in the dorsal
spine area. This produces the copulation angle 206 of the dorsal
spine of at least 45.degree.. The tilt sensor 104 detects this
inclination to at least 45.degree. and registers it with a counting
apparatus 110. The tilt sensor 104 may automatically power on when
the horizontal disposition of the device 100 is altered by at least
45.degree.. It is significant to note that occasionally, the
copulating livestock 200 may jump over a fence, causing the tilt
sensor 104 to erroneously detect the copulation angle 206. However,
this false reading is generally not a common occurrence.
[0058] Those skilled in the art, in light of the present teachings,
will recognize that determining when a bull copulates over a cow is
an indication of oestrus, which is important to determine the
fertile period when cows may be artificially inseminated.
Additionally, the health of the bull or a cow can be determined
based on the copulation pattern, so as to cull out the weaker
livestock that are not reproducing efficiently. The device 100 may
also be efficacious for tracking interactive behavioral patterns
and location of the livestock.
[0059] Consequentially, the device 100 minimizes time and costs
associated with managing the breeding habits of livestock,
especially over large areas or with large numbers of livestock. It
is also significant to note that the device 100 may be attached to
a female cow, since the cow also mounts other cows or castrated
bulls. Thus, the device 100 is not limited to bulls or male
livestock.
[0060] As referenced in FIG. 2, the device 100 includes a mounting
base 102 that rests flush on the back of the copulating livestock
200. The mounting base 102 utilizes at least one strap to attach
proximally to the back of the livestock in a disposition that
minimizes movement and slippage by the device 100, but also
optimizes accurate measurements by the tilt sensor 104. The
mounting base 102 may include a cube shape, a rectangular shape, or
an elongated planar shape. In any case, the mounting base 102 is
configured to rest comfortably on the dorsal area above the back of
the copulating livestock 200. In one embodiment, the mounting base
102 includes a mounting surface having ridged or textured
characteristics that inhibit slippage from the skin and fur of the
copulating livestock 200. In one embodiment, an adhesive may be
used on the mounting surface to restrict slippage and movement of
the device 100.
[0061] In one embodiment, the mounting base 102 of the device 100
positions directly on the skin of a copulating livestock 200, over
the dorsal spine and in the middle line of the back. Those skilled
in the art will recognize that this position is directly above the
spinous apofisis of the dorsal spine. However, in other
embodiments, the device 100 may be positioned at the neck, tail, or
sides of the copulating livestock 200. It is significant to note
that the placement of the device 100 is less consequential than the
accurate reading by the tilt sensor 104.
[0062] The device 100 attaches to the copulating livestock 200
through a pair of elastic and adjustable straps that extend from
the mounting base 102. Each elastic strap crosses over a forelimb
armpit and over the back of the copulating livestock 200 before
securing to the device 100. In some embodiments, the device 100 may
have a bottom surface with an uneven ridges for frictionally
engaging the copulating livestock 200 and further minimizing
slippage. In this manner, the device 100 is securely retained in
place.
[0063] In another embodiment of the device 100, the mounting base
102 shall be glued to the dorsal area of the male copulating
animal. The glue shall be any affixing material that is known in
the art of gluing an item to hair.
[0064] This disposition of the device 100 helps ensure retention of
the device 100 directly over the dorsal spine and in the middle
line of the back/vertebrae. Additionally, since the device 100 is
primarily positioned directly above the median line of the
vertebral column, rather than the sides, front, or rear of the
copulating livestock 200; accidental engagements with other
livestock, trees, fences, and scratching posts is minimized.
Furthermore, the disposition of the device 100 on the back of the
copulating livestock 200 does not interfere with free walking,
lying down, eating, drinking, or mating by the copulating livestock
200.
[0065] In some embodiments, the device 100 may include a control
portion 116 that helps control the device 100. The control portion
116 provides switches and displays for monitoring the device 100
and the copulating livestock 200. The control portion 116 may be
attached directly on the device 100, or may be at a remote data
storage portion for remote control of the device 100. The control
portion 116 may include, without limitation, a button, a switch, a
display screen, an antenna, and an alarm. In one possible
embodiment, the alarm is configured to indicate an event, such as
actions by the copulating livestock 200, misalignment of the device
100, and nonoperation of the tilt sensor 104.
[0066] In some embodiments, the control portion 116 may further
include a power switch 108 to turn on and off the device 100. The
power switch 108 may be utilized to save energy to a display screen
and to the tilt sensor 104, and thus may only be visible when set
to an on position. A reset switch 106 may also be used to reset a
counting apparatus 110 that registers the number of times the
copulating livestock 200 inclines to the copulation angle 206.
Additional switches may be used to calibrate the tilt sensor 104,
including the sensitivity and the reference plane thereof. The
power switch 108 and the reset switch 106 may be operated remotely.
The power switch 108 and the reset switch 106 may also be
optional.
[0067] In one alternative embodiment, the device includes a
microprocessor to perform data analysis or to perform certain
statistics as needed by the user. In another embodiment, the device
includes a light to show when the copulating livestock 200 mounts
so as to be seen from far in the dark. In yet another alternative
embodiment, the device includes a camera to enable visual
monitoring of the copulating livestock 200 either passively or from
a remote location.
[0068] The device 100 may also be powered by a battery 112. The
battery 112 may include a rechargeable battery 112, a
nickel-cadmium battery 112, or any voltaic cell known in the art.
In another embodiment, a solar panel 114 generates electricity for
the battery 112 and/or the device 100. The solar panel 114 provides
renewable energy for recharging a power source in the device 100.
The solar panel 114 is configured to orient upwardly relative to
the back of the copulating livestock 200 to minimize damage from
other livestock and objects, and optimize the capturing of
sunlight.
[0069] The use of the solar panel 114 allows the device 100 to
function for long periods of time without intervention. Those
skilled in the art will recognize that livestock 200, 202 on large
ranches may travel long distances for long durations. The use of
renewable energy, such as that provided by the solar panel 114
helps reduce maintenance costs for the device 100, as a whole.
[0070] In one alternative embodiment, the device 100 may include a
tracking portion (not shown) that tracks both the position of the
livestock 200, 202 in a predetermined area, and the orientation of
the livestock 200, 202. The position of the livestock 200, 202 may
be useful for herd management. For example, monitoring a stray
animal from the herd. The tracking portion may utilize any tracking
instruments known in the art to monitor the position of the
livestock, including, without limitation, GPS, Wi-Fi system, and
radio frequency instruments.
[0071] A tracking processor, a tracking chip, and an antenna may be
used to operate the tracking portion. Similarly to the position of
the livestock 200, 202, the orientation of the livestock 200, 202
may be useful for determining the effects of the medication and the
general health of the livestock 200, 202. For example, a livestock
200, 202 that is oriented on its side may indicate a sick or dead
livestock. A gyroscope and various modifications thereof may be
effective for indicating the orientation of the livestock 200,
202.
[0072] In some embodiments, the device 100 enables both direct and
remote operation and monitoring of the livestock 202, 202. The
device 100 may be operated directly through a control portion 116,
which includes a display screen, a power switch 108, and a reset
switch 106. The control portion 116 enables direct functional
operation of the device 100, including, without limitation,
powering on and off the device 100, adjusting the reference angle
204 and sensitivity of the tilt sensor 104, setting the sensitivity
of the tracking portion, adjusting the parameters of a tracking
range, and setting alarms to indicate various events with the
copulating livestock 200, such as lack of a predetermined number of
copulations in a period of time.
[0073] The display screen serves to display the results of these
functions, including data that indicates the intervals at which the
device 100 tilts at the copulation angle 206. In one embodiment,
the device 100 may also be controlled through a remote processor,
whereby generally the same functions are possible as with the more
directly operated control portion 116 on the device 100. In another
embodiment, an alarm on the device 100 indicates to the remote
processor when the tilt sensor 104 is flawed or nonoperational.
[0074] FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for managing livestock
copulation patterns. The method 300 detects the orientation of a
copulating livestock 200 to indicate when the copulating livestock
200 is mounted over a recipient livestock 202. An initial Step 302
includes providing a device 100 for monitoring copulation patterns
of a copulation livestock in relation to a recipient livestock 202.
In some embodiments, the device 100 provides a copulation detecting
means that attaches directly to the copulating livestock 200. The
device 100 detects when and how many times a copulating livestock
200, such as a bull, lifts to a copulating position, i.e.,
45.degree., to cover a recipient livestock 202, such as a cow (FIG.
1). Thus, the device 100 is a physical piece of hardware that
attaches in the vicinity of the dorsal spinal cord, such as at a
midpoint of the back of the livestock.
[0075] A Step 304 may include attaching the device 100 with at
least one strap over the dorsal spine and in the middle line of the
back of the copulating livestock 200. The device 100 attaches to
the copulating livestock 200 through a pair of elastic and
adjustable straps that extend from the mounting base 102. Each
elastic strap crosses over a forelimb armpit and over the back of
the copulating livestock 200 before securing to the device 100.
[0076] A Step 306 comprises detecting a copulation angle 206 and a
reference angle 204 of the copulating livestock 200 with a tilt
sensor 104. The copulation angle 206 is the angle formed by the
copulating livestock 200 mounting a recipient livestock 202. The
reference angle 204 is the angle formed by the copulating livestock
200 oriented substantially parallel with a ground surface. In one
embodiment, the copulation angle is at least 45 degrees of
deviation from the reference angle 204. Thus, the tilt sensor 104
detects both the reference angle 204 and the copulation angle 206
in determining whether the copulation is occurring.
[0077] In some embodiments, the method 300 may include a Step 308
of registering a count of the copulation angle 206 with a counting
apparatus 110.
[0078] A Step 310 includes transmitting the count of the copulation
angle 206 to a remote data storage portion with a transmitter. The
tilt sensor 104 is operatively connected to a counting apparatus
110. The counting apparatus 110 registers a count every time the
copulating livestock 200 lifts to the copulation angle 206. Thus,
the counting apparatus 110 counts the number of times the
copulating livestock 200 forms the generally 45.degree. copulation
angle 206, which indicates that copulation is occurring at that
specific moment.
[0079] In some embodiments, a Step 312 may include tracking a
position of the device 100 through a tracking portion. The device
100 may include a tracking portion that tracks both the position of
the livestock 200, 202 in a predetermined area, and the orientation
of the livestock 200, 202. The position of the livestock 200, 202
may be useful for herd management. For example, monitoring a stray
animal from the herd, or monitoring a herd that has broken through
a fence. The tracking portion may utilize any tracking device 100
known in the art to monitor the position of the livestock 200, 202,
including, without limitation, a global positioning system, Wi-Fi
system, and radio frequency instruments. A tracking processor, a
tracking chip, and an antenna may be integrated with the tracking
portion to enhance the tracking function. In one embodiment, a
smart phone may be operable to download a software application that
enables tracking and other general functions of the device 100.
[0080] In some embodiments, a Step 314 comprises collecting
renewable energy through a solar panel 114 for powering the device
100. In some embodiments, the device 100 may be powered by a
portable solar panel 114 that integrates into the device 100 from
the power reception panel. The solar panel 114 provides renewable
energy for recharging a power source, such as a battery 112, in the
device 100. The solar panel 114 is configured to orient upwardly
relative to the back of the copulating livestock 200 to minimize
damage from other livestock and objects, and optimize the capturing
of sunlight. The use of the solar panel 114 allows the device 100
to function for long periods of time without intervention.
[0081] A final Step 316 includes operating the device 100 through a
control portion 116 and a remote processor. The method 300 enables
both direct and remote operation and monitoring of the device 100.
The device 100 may be operated directly through a control portion
116, which includes a display screen, a map, and various buttons
and switches. The control portion 116 enables direct functional
operation of the device 100, including, without limitation,
powering on and off the device 100, adjusting the tilt sensor 104,
setting the sensitivity of the tracking portion, adjusting the
parameters of a tracking range, and setting alarms to indicate
various events. The display screen serves to display the results of
these functions.
[0082] In one embodiment, the device 100 may also be controlled
through a remote processor, which provides generally the same
functions as with the more directly operated control portion 116 on
the device 100. The remote processor may include, without
limitation, a computer, a server, a database, a cloud, and a
network. In another embodiment, an alarm on the control portion 116
indicates an event to the remote processor.
[0083] FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary
client/server system which may be used by an exemplary
web-enabled/networked embodiment of the present invention.
[0084] A communication system 400 includes a multiplicity of
clients with a sampling of clients denoted as a client 402 and a
client 404, a multiplicity of local networks with a sampling of
networks denoted as a local network 406 and a local network 408, a
global network 410 and a multiplicity of servers with a sampling of
servers denoted as a server 412 and a server 414.
[0085] Client 402 may communicate bi-directionally with local
network 406 via a communication channel 416. Client 404 may
communicate bi-directionally with local network 408 via a
communication channel 418. Local network 406 may communicate
bi-directionally with global network 410 via a communication
channel 420. Local network 408 may communicate bi-directionally
with global network 410 via a communication channel 422. Global
network 410 may communicate bi-directionally with server 412 and
server 414 via a communication channel 424. Server 412 and server
414 may communicate bi-directionally with each other via
communication channel 424. Furthermore, clients 402, 404, local
networks 406, 408, global network 410 and servers 412, 414 may each
communicate bi-directionally with each other.
[0086] In one embodiment, global network 410 may operate as the
Internet. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that
communication system 400 may take many different forms.
Non-limiting examples of forms for communication system 400 include
local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wired
telephone networks, wireless networks, or any other network
supporting data communication between respective entities.
[0087] Clients 402 and 404 may take many different forms.
Non-limiting examples of clients 402 and 404 include personal
computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones and
smartphones.
[0088] Client 402 includes a CPU 426, a pointing device 428, a
keyboard 430, a microphone 432, a printer 434, a memory 436, a mass
memory storage 438, a GUI 440, a video camera 442, an input/output
interface 444 and a network interface 446.
[0089] CPU 426, pointing device 428, keyboard 430, microphone 432,
printer 434, memory 436, mass memory storage 438, GUI 440, video
camera 442, input/output interface 444 and network interface 446
may communicate in a unidirectional manner or a bi-directional
manner with each other via a communication channel 448.
Communication channel 448 may be configured as a single
communication channel or a multiplicity of communication
channels.
[0090] CPU 426 may be comprised of a single processor or multiple
processors. CPU 426 may be of various types including
micro-controllers (e.g., with embedded RAM/ROM) and microprocessors
such as programmable devices (e.g., RISC or SISC based, or CPLDs
and FPGAs) and devices not capable of being programmed such as gate
array ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) or general
purpose microprocessors.
[0091] As is well known in the art, memory 436 is used typically to
transfer data and instructions to CPU 426 in a bi-directional
manner. Memory 436, as discussed previously, may include any
suitable computer-readable media, intended for data storage, such
as those described above excluding any wired or wireless
transmissions unless specifically noted. Mass memory storage 438
may also be coupled bi-directionally to CPU 426 and provides
additional data storage capacity and may include any of the
computer-readable media described above. Mass memory storage 438
may be used to store programs, data and the like and is typically a
secondary storage medium such as a hard disk. It will be
appreciated that the information retained within mass memory
storage 438, may, in appropriate cases, be incorporated in standard
fashion as part of memory 436 as virtual memory.
[0092] CPU 426 may be coupled to GUI 440. GUI 440 enables a user to
view the operation of computer operating system and software. CPU
426 may be coupled to pointing device 428. Non-limiting examples of
pointing device 428 include computer mouse, trackball and touchpad.
Pointing device 428 enables a user with the capability to maneuver
a computer cursor about the viewing area of GUI 440 and select
areas or features in the viewing area of GUI 440. CPU 426 may be
coupled to keyboard 430. Keyboard 430 enables a user with the
capability to input alphanumeric textual information to CPU 426.
CPU 426 may be coupled to microphone 432. Microphone 432 enables
audio produced by a user to be recorded, processed and communicated
by CPU 426. CPU 426 may be connected to printer 434. Printer 434
enables a user with the capability to print information to a sheet
of paper. CPU 426 may be connected to video camera 442. Video
camera 442 enables video produced or captured by user to be
recorded, processed and communicated by CPU 426.
[0093] CPU 426 may also be coupled to input/output interface 444
that connects to one or more input/output devices such as such as
CD-ROM, video monitors, track balls, mice, keyboards, microphones,
touch-sensitive displays, transducer card readers, magnetic or
paper tape readers, tablets, styluses, voice or handwriting
recognizers, or other well-known input devices such as, of course,
other computers.
[0094] Finally, CPU 426 optionally may be coupled to network
interface 446 which enables communication with an external device
such as a database or a computer or telecommunications or internet
network using an external connection shown generally as
communication channel 416, which may be implemented as a hardwired
or wireless communications link using suitable conventional
technologies. With such a connection, CPU 426 might receive
information from the network, or might output information to a
network in the course of performing the method steps described in
the teachings of the present invention.
[0095] While the inventor's above description contains many
specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the
scope, but rather as an exemplification of several preferred
embodiments thereof. Many other variations are possible. For
example, the shape and dimensions of the dispenser 206 may vary
without affecting the objective of the apparatus 200. Accordingly,
the scope should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated,
but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
* * * * *