U.S. patent application number 15/019701 was filed with the patent office on 2017-01-05 for methods and compositions to produce rice resistant to accase inhibitors.
The applicant listed for this patent is RICETEC AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT. Invention is credited to Federico Cuevas, Steven Griffin, Melissa Hinga, Melissa Shannon Moon, Russell D. Rasmussen.
Application Number | 20170002375 15/019701 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47556173 |
Filed Date | 2017-01-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170002375 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hinga; Melissa ; et
al. |
January 5, 2017 |
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO PRODUCE RICE RESISTANT TO ACCASE
INHIBITORS
Abstract
Mutant rice resistant/tolerant to ACCase inhibiting herbicides,
in particular FOP herbicides, are listed in Table 1. The ACCase
inhibiting herbicides used for selection include quizalofop. An
exemplary mutant rice tolerant to an ACCase herbicide is disclosed,
with a rice genome having G2096S or the equivalent, in the carboxyl
transferase domain of the ACCase coding gene, using the Black-Grass
numbering system. This mutation shows differential response to FOPs
vs. DIMs herbicides, and a greater differential with comparable
non-resistant rice lines. Methods to control weeds and methods to
produce herbicide resistant rice including transgenic rice, are
disclosed.
Inventors: |
Hinga; Melissa; (League
City, TX) ; Griffin; Steven; (Alvin, TX) ;
Moon; Melissa Shannon; (Pearland, TX) ; Rasmussen;
Russell D.; (League City, TX) ; Cuevas; Federico;
(League City, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
RICETEC AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
VADUZ |
|
LI |
|
|
Family ID: |
47556173 |
Appl. No.: |
15/019701 |
Filed: |
February 9, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13554675 |
Jul 20, 2012 |
9370149 |
|
|
15019701 |
|
|
|
|
61541832 |
Sep 30, 2011 |
|
|
|
61510585 |
Jul 22, 2011 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12Y 604/01002 20130101;
C12N 15/8274 20130101; A01H 5/10 20130101; C12N 15/8241 20130101;
A01N 37/46 20130101; C12N 9/93 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C12N 15/82 20060101
C12N015/82; C12N 9/00 20060101 C12N009/00 |
Claims
1. An herbicide resistant rice plant comprising a DNA sequence
comprising a plastidic carboxyl transferase domain of an ACCase
coding gene which confers resistance to an ACCase inhibiting
herbicide, wherein the herbicide is selected from the
aryloxyphenoxypropanoates ("FOPs") class of ACCase inhibiting
herbicides, a rice plant with a nucleotide sequence as in positions
1680-1682 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the codon equivalent.
2. The rice plant of claim 1 wherein the aryloryphenoryproponates
herbicide is selected from the group consisting of quizalofop,
clodinafop-propargyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and combinations
thereof.
3. An herbicide resistant/tolerant rice plant derived from a
representative sample of seed selected from the group consisting of
seeds deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-12933, ATCC Accession
No. PTA-13619 and combinations thereof.
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. A tissue culture produced from protoplasts or cells from the
rice plant of claim 1 wherein said cells or protoplasts of the
tissue culture are produced from a plant part selected from the
group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, cotyledon, hypocotyl,
meristematic cells, roots, root tips, pistils, anthers, flowers,
stems, glumes and panicles.
7. A rice plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 6.
8. A method of producing a herbicide resistant rice plant of claim
1, wherein the method comprises transforming a rice plant with a
transgene, wherein the transgene confers resistance to an herbicide
in the aryloxyphenoxypropanoates ("FOPs") class of ACCase
inhibitors, and the transgene has a nucleic acid sequence that is
the coding equivalent of SEQ ID NO: 1 and wherein resistance is due
to a substitution in the amino acid sequence of ACCase at position
464 of SEQ ID NO: 7, corresponding to position 2096 of the full
length BlackGrass amino acid sequence.
9. The method of producing a herbicide resistant rice of claim 8,
wherein the nucleic acid molecule having SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a
codon in position 1680-1682 that encodes an amino acid substitution
that makes the ACCase enzyme resistant to inhibitors, and further
comprises promoters, terminators, selectable markers, or other
domains of the ACCase coding gene, necessary to encode an ACCase
enzyme resistant to herbicides.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the mutation associated with
resistance encodes an amino acid substitution G to S at an amino
acid positions corresponding to 2096 of the full length BlackGrass
ACCase amino acid sequence for ACCase.
11. (canceled)
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of copending U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/554,675, filed Jul. 20, 2012, which claims
priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/510,585, filed
Jul. 22, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/541,832,
filed Sep. 30, 2011. The disclosures set forth in the referenced
applications are incorporated herein by reference in their
entireties.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Novel rice plants are described and disclosed that are
characterized by tolerance/resistance to herbicides that are ACCase
inhibitors and exhibit other characteristics beneficial to rice
crops. Methods to control weeds by use of herbicide resistant rice
in fields, and methods to produce herbicide resistant rice using
e.g. transgenes encoding for a mutant ACCase enzyme, are also
disclosed. The disclosures set forth in the referenced applications
are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
SEQUENCE LISTING
[0003] The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which
has been submitted in ASCII format via EFS-Web and is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created
on Jul. 20, 2012, is named 119566_SEQ_ST25.txt and is 32,768 bytes
in size.
Value of Rice Crops
[0004] Rice is an ancient agricultural crop and is today one of the
principal food crops of the world. There are two cultivated species
of rice: Oryza sativa L., the Asian rice, and Oryza glaberrima
Steud., the African rice. The Asian species constitutes virtually
all of the world's cultivated rice and is the species grown in the
United States. Three major rice producing regions exist in the
United States: the Mississippi Delta (Arkansas, Mississippi,
northeast Louisiana, southeast Missouri), the Gulf Coast (southwest
Louisiana, southeast Texas), and the Central Valleys of
California.
[0005] Rice is one of the few crops that can be grown in a shallow
flood as it has a unique structure allowing gas exchange through
the stems between the roots and the atmosphere. Growth in a shallow
flood results in the best yields and is the reason that rice is
usually gown in heavy clay soils or soils with an impermeable hard
pan layer just below the soil surface. These soil types are usually
either not suitable for other crops or at the best the crops yield
poorly.
[0006] The constant improvement of rice is imperative to provide
necessary nutrition for a growing world population. A large portion
of the world population consumes rice as their primary source of
nutrition. Rice improvement is carried out through conventional
breeding practices and by recombinant genetic techniques. Though
appearing straight forward to those outside this discipline, crop
improvement requires keen scientific and artistic skill.
[0007] Although specific breeding objectives vary somewhat in the
different rice producing regions, increasing yield is a primary
objective in all programs.
[0008] Plant breeding begins with the analysis and definition of
strengths and weaknesses of the current cultivars, followed by the
establishment of program goals, to address the latter including the
definition of specific breeding objectives. The goal is to combine
in a single cultivar an improved combination of desirable traits
from the parental sources. These important traits may include
higher yield, resistance to environmental stress, diseases and
insects, better stems and roots, tolerance to low temperatures,
better agronomic characteristics, and grain quality.
[0009] The breeder initially selects and crosses two or more
parental lines, followed by selection among the many new genetic
combinations. The breeder can theoretically generate billions of
new and different genetic combinations via crossing. The breeder
has no direct control at the cellular level; therefore, two
breeders will never develop the same line, or even very similar
lines, having the same rice traits.
[0010] Pedigree breeding is used commonly for the improvement of
self-pollinating crops such as rice. Two parents which possess
favorable, complementary traits are crossed to produce an F.sub.1
generation. One or both parents may themselves represent an F.sub.1
from a previous cross. Subsequently a segregating population is
produced, growing the seeds resulting from selfing one or several
F.sub.1s if the two parents are pure lines, or by directly growing
the seed resulting from the initial cross if at least one of the
parents is an F.sub.1. Selection of the best individuals may begin
in the first segregating population or F.sub.2; then, beginning in
the F.sub.3, the best individuals in the best families are
selected. "Best" is defined according to the goals of a particular
breeding program e.g., to increase yield, resist diseases. Overall
a multifactorial approach is used to define "best" because of
genetic interactions. A desirable gene in one genetic background
may differ in a different background. In addition, introduction of
the gene may disrupt other favorable genetic characteristics.
Replicated testing of families can begin in the F.sub.4 generation
to improve the effectiveness of selection for traits with low
heritability. At an advanced stage of inbreeding (i.e., F.sub.6 and
F.sub.7), the best lines or mixtures of phenotypically similar
lines are tested for potential release as new parental lines.
[0011] Backcross breeding has been used to transfer genes for a
highly heritable trait into a desirable homozygous cultivar or
inbred line which is the recurrent parent. The source of the trait
to be transferred is called the donor parent. The resulting plant
is expected to have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g.,
cultivar) and the desirable trait transferred from the donor
parent. After the initial cross, individuals possessing the
phenotype of the donor parent are selected and repeatedly crossed
(backcrossed) to the recurrent parent. The process is used to
recover all of the beneficial characteristics of the recurrent
parent with the addition of the new trait provided by the donor
parent.
[0012] Promising advanced breeding lines are thoroughly tested and
compared to appropriate standards in environments representative of
the commercial target area(s) for at least three or more years. The
best lines are candidates for new commercial varieties or parents
of hybrids; those still deficient in a few traits may be used as
parents to produce new populations for further selection.
[0013] These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing
and distribution, usually take from 8 to 12 years from the time the
first cross is made and may rely on the development of improved
breeding lines as precursors. Therefore, development of new
cultivars is a time-consuming process that requires precise forward
planning, efficient use of resources, and a minimum of changes in
direction.
[0014] The improvement of rice through breeding is restricted to
the natural genetic variation in rice and hybridizing species, such
as wild rice. The introduction of new variation in a breeding
program is usually through the crossing program as described, such
as pedigree or backcross breeding. However, occasionally natural
mutations are found that result in the introduction of new traits
such as disease resistance or height changes. Breeders have also
developed new traits by inducing mutations (small changes in the
DNA sequence) into a rice genome. Commonly, EMS or sodium azide
plus MNU are used as mutagenic agents. These chemicals randomly
induce single base changes in DNA, usually of G and C changed to A
and T. Most of these changes have no effect on the crop as they
fall either outside the gene coding regions or don't change the
amino acid sequence of the gene product.
[0015] The breeder has no direct control of mutation sites in the
DNA sequence. The identification of useful changes is due to the
random possibility that an effective mutation will be induced and
that the breeder will be able to select that mutation. Seeds are
treated with the mutagenic chemical and immediately planted to grow
and produce M2 seed. The M2 seed will carry numerous new
variations; therefore, no two experiments will produce the same
combinations. Among these variations new traits previously not
existing in rice and unavailable for selection by a plant breeder
may be found and used for rice improvement.
[0016] To find new traits the breeder must use efficient and
strategic selection strategies as the process is completely random
and has an extremely low frequency of useful new combinations.
Among thousands of induced new genetic variants there may be only
one with a desirable new trait. An optimal selection system will
screen through thousands of new variants and allow detection of a
few or even a single plant that might carry a new trait. After
identifying or finding a possible new trait the breeder must
develop a new cultivar by pedigree or backcross breeding and
extensive testing to verify the new trait and cultivar exhibits
stable and heritable value to rice producers.
[0017] Using recombinant genetic techniques, nucleic acid molecules
with mutations, that encode improved characteristics in rice, may
be introduced into rice with commercially suitable genomes. After a
mutation is identified, it may be transferred into rice by
recombinant techniques.
Applications of Herbicide Resistance Patents in Rice
[0018] Weeds in crops compete for resources and greatly reduce the
yield and quality of the crop. Weeds have been controlled in crops
through the application of selective herbicides that kill the weeds
but do not harm the crop. Usually selectivity of the herbicides is
based on biochemical variations or differences between the crop and
the weeds. Some herbicides are non-selective, meaning they kill all
or almost all plants. Non-selective or broad spectrum herbicides
can be used in crops if new genes are inserted that express
specific proteins that convey tolerance or resistance to the
herbicide. Resistance to herbicides has also been achieved in crops
through genetic mutations that alter proteins and biochemical
processes. These mutations may arise in nature, but mostly they
have been induced in crops or in vitro in tissue cultures.
Unfortunately in some instances, especially with repeated use of a
particular herbicide, weeds have developed resistance through the
unintended selection of natural mutations that provide resistance.
When weeds become resistant to a particular herbicide, that
herbicide is no longer useful for weed control. The development of
resistance in weeds is best delayed through alternating the use of
different modes of action to control weeds, interrupting
development of resistant weeds.
[0019] Rice production is plagued by a particularly hard to control
weed called red rice. The difficulty arises because red rice is so
genetically similar to cultivated rice (they occasionally cross
pollinate) that there are no selective herbicides available that
target red rice, yet do not harm the cultivated rice. Control is
currently provided in commercial rice production through the
development of mutations found in rice that render rice resistant
to broad spectrum herbicides e.g. imidazolinone and sulfonylurea
herbicides.
[0020] Finding new mutations in rice that makes it resistant to
herbicides, and to combinations of herbicides with alternative
modes of action would greatly benefit rice production. Obtaining
and incorporating genes for herbicide resistance into rice genomes
with additional favorable characteristics and alternative
resistances is challenging, unpredictable, time consuming and
expensive, but necessary to meet the world's increasing food
needs.
SUMMARY
[0021] Described herein are distinctive rice lines with unique
resistances to herbicides with alternative modes of action. These
rice lines should extend the useful life of several herbicides due
to being able to rotate the kinds of herbicides applied in grower's
fields thus slowing the development of weed resistance. Several
methods are possible to deploy these resistances into hybrids or
varieties for weed control, as well as options for hybrid seed
production. The rice lines described herein represent new methods
for weed control in rice and can be deployed in any of many
possible strategies to control weeds and provide for long-term use
of this and other weed control methods. In particular, mutant rice
tolerant to ACCase inhibiting herbicides is disclosed. These are
plants with defined amino acid sequences.
[0022] For example, rice with the ACCase mutant G2096S is already
agronomically adapted and through breeding or backcrossing as
described herein, will provide herbicide resistance in commercially
suitable biological material.
[0023] A mutant rice tolerant to an ACCase inhibitor herbicide is
disclosed that has a mutation G2096S in the carboxyl transferase
coding region of the ACCase gene, using the Black Grass (Alopecurus
myosuroides) numbering system. The mutation makes the
acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme tolerant/resistant to ACCase
inhibitors used as herbicides.
[0024] Cells derived from herbicide resistant seeds, plants grown
from such seeds and cells derived from such plants, progeny of
plants grown from such seed and cells derived from such progeny are
within the scope of this disclosure. The growth of plants produced
from deposited seed, and progeny of such plants will typically be
resistant/tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting
herbicides at levels of herbicide that would normally inhibit the
growth of a corresponding wild-type plant.
[0025] A method for controlling growth of weeds in vicinity to rice
plants is also within the scope of the disclosure. One example of
such methods is applying one or more herbicides to the weeds and to
the rice plants at levels of herbicide that would normally inhibit
the growth of a rice plant. For example, at least one herbicide
inhibits acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity. Such methods may
be practiced with any herbicide that inhibits acetyl-Coenzyme A
carboxylase activity and any resistant rice mutation, e.g., the
three embodiments disclosed herein.
[0026] A method for growing herbicide-tolerant rice plants include
(a) planting resistant rice seeds; (b) allowing the rice seeds to
sprout; (c) applying one or more herbicides to the rice sprouts at
levels of herbicide that would normally inhibit the growth of a
rice plant. For example, at least one of the herbicides inhibits
acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase. Such methods may be practiced with
any herbicide that inhibits acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase
activity.
[0027] Methods of producing herbicide-tolerant rice plants that may
also use a transgene. One example of such a method is transforming
a cell of a rice plant with a transgene, wherein the transgene
encodes an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme that confers
tolerance in resulting rice plant to at least one herbicide
selected from the group consisting of aryloxyphenoxypropionate
herbicides, cyclohexanedione herbicides, phenypyrazoline herbicides
or combinations thereof. Any suitable cell may be used in the
practice of these methods, for example, the cell may be in the form
of a callus. An embodiment of a transgenic is one comprising a
mutation in a nucleic acid encoding ACCase, from G to S in position
2096 (Black Grass numbering system).
[0028] A recombinant, mutagenized, synthetic, and/or isolated
nucleic acid molecule including a nucleotide sequence encoding a
mutagenized acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of a plant rice, in which
the amino acid sequence of the mutagenized acetyl-Coenzyme A
carboxylase differs from an amino acid sequence of an
acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the corresponding wild-type plant,
are within the scope of the disclosure.
[0029] Different mutations in the ACCase encoding gene are often
associated with resistance to specific types of ACCase inhibiting
herbicides (FOPS), (DIMS). The specificity of different mutations
thus offers the possibility of developing multiple modes of action
for weed control in rice.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] FIG. 1 shows surviving plants in quizalofop sprayed row
11USAG51477 marked with a flag.
[0031] FIG. 2 shows quizalofop survivors following
transplanting.
[0032] FIG. 3 shows a 11USAG52084-2 rice plant with seed set.
[0033] FIG. 4 shows DNA sequence for the carboxyl transferease
coding region in the ACCase coding gene; a single nucleotide change
from G2096S is identified in the mutant line ML0831265-01493 which
is identified as 09PM72399. FIG. 4 discloses SEQ ID NOS 2-4,
respectively, in order of appearance.
[0034] FIG. 5 shows comparison of protein sequences for the
carboxyl transferase region of the ACCase gene; line with code
09PM72399 is the line ML0831265-01493; this line shows a change of
a single amino acid at position 2096, relative to Black-Grass;
R0146 is the original line treated with a mutagen to produce the
mutation population. FIG. 5 discloses SEQ ID NOS 5-7, respectively,
in order of appearance.
[0035] FIG. 6 shows results of plants from ML0831265-01493 at
different application rates of quizalofop herbicide.
[0036] FIG. 7 shows results of plants from ML0831265-01493 with
application of different ACCase type herbicides.
[0037] FIG. 8 is the mutant nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) that
encodes an ACCase enzyme with S instead of G at position 2096
(Black Grass number system).
[0038] FIG. 9 shows a comparison of % injury after contact with
FOP's ACCase inhibiting herbicides in (a) rice plants with a G2096S
mutation; and (b) rice plants without the mutation, with a
published comparison for a different mutation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] Rice, Oryza sativa L., is an important and valuable field
crop. Thus, a continuing goal of rice breeders is to develop stable
and high yielding rice cultivars that are agronomically sound.
Growers are constantly expecting increasing yields from new
varieties and hybrids as a way to increase their economic
condition. In addition on a population level increasing yields is
necessary due to expanding nutritional needs but limited production
resources. To accomplish this goal, the rice breeder must select
and develop rice plants possessing required traits and superior
yields.
[0040] Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) enzymes
synthesize malonyl-CoA as the start of the de novo fatty acid
synthesis pathway in plant chloroplasts. ACCase in grass
chloroplasts is a multifunctional, nuclear-genome-encoded, very
large, single polypeptide, transported into the plastid via an
N-terminal transit peptide. The active form in grass chloroplasts
is a homodimeric protein.
[0041] ACCase enzymes in grasses are inhibited by three classes of
herbicidal active ingredients. The two most prevalent classes are
aryloxyphenoxypropanoates ("FOPs") and cyclohexanediones ("DIMs").
In addition to these two classes, a third class phenylpyrazolines
("DENs") has been described.
[0042] Certain mutations in the carboxyl transferase region of the
ACCase enzyme results in grasses becoming resistant to ACCase
herbicides. In the weed Black-Grass at least five mutations have
been described which provide resistance to FOP or DIM class of
ACCase herbicides. Some mutations rendering ACCase enzymes
resistant to these herbicides may be associated with decreased
fitness.
Mutation Population and Establishment
[0043] A mutation breeding program was initiated to develop
proprietary herbicide tolerant lines. A permanent mutant population
was created by exposing approximately 10,000 seeds (estimated by
the average weight of a kernel) of three lines including P1003,
R0146, and P1062 to mutagens sodium azide (AZ) and
methyl-nitrosourea (MNU). The treated seeds were space planted.
Individual plants were harvested creating 8,281 mutation lines. The
mutation lines have been maintained as a permanent mutant
population for trait screening.
Herbicide Screening
[0044] The permanent mutant population was screened with quizalofop
herbicide. Applicants planted 2,735 M2 progeny rows from R0146,
3,774 M2 progeny rows from P1003 and 655 M2 progeny rows from P1062
in two replications with an estimated 250,000 plants total in each
replication. Quizalofop was applied with a rate of 15 oz/acre
(115.59 gmai/ha) to the first replication 27 days after planting.
Plants were at the 3-4 leaf stage and were actively growing when
herbicide was applied. The field was flushed the day after
application. After about 9 days surviving plants were found in four
different progeny rows showing an estimated mutation rate of 0.006%
(FIGS. 1-3).
Protein Sequence Comparison on Lines Showing Resistance to ACCase
Herbicides
[0045] A portion of the gene that codes for the plastidic ACCase
protein was sequenced from all the plants that survived application
of quizalofop. Only the carboxyl transferase coding region of the
gene was sequenced (FIG. 4). All of the plants deriving from line
ML0831265-01493 had a mutation in the DNA sequence that caused an
amino acid change in the ACCase protein. One DNA base was changed
in the codon for amino acid 2096 relative to numbering in
Black-Grass. (Gen Bank CAC84161.1, denoted as "Am") (FIG. 5). In
both rice and Black-Grass the amino acid at position 2096 is
glycine. A resistant mutation in Black-Grass changes the amino acid
at this position to alanine. The mutation found in rice surviving
quizalofop application with designation ML0831265-01493 changes the
DNA codon for amino acid 2096 from GGC to AGC causing a serine to
be inserted in position 2096 instead of glycine. The mutant line
showed resistance to quizalofop in the first screening of the
mutant population. Later screening with quizalofop confirmed the
resistance to FOPs. The surviving mutant lines were susceptible to
DIM type ACCase inhibiting herbicides.
[0046] None of the other lines from the mutant population that
survived screening with quizalofop carried a mutation in the
carboxyl transferase region of the ACCase coding gene however they
have been confirmed to carry resistance to quizalofop herbicide.
The resistance in these lines is likely derived from changes
outside the carboxyl transferase region of ACCase or could be
derived from a different type of resistant mechanism
Resistant Plants
[0047] After herbicide treatment, the surviving plants before
transplanting were green and healthy looking whereas all
surrounding plants within the row and in adjacent rows were dead.
The plants after transplanting were maintained and harvested. The
progeny were maintained, tested, and developed as a source of
herbicide resistance in production rice (Table 1). This trait is
backcrossed or bred into proprietary rice lines and used to develop
new varieties or hybrids that will provide producers with an
alternative mode of action to control weeds in rice. Affording this
opportunity to growers is of great value both in providing high
yields and in extending the useful life of currently used weed
control technologies. These herbicide resistant lines can be
tracked through the simple application of herbicides to growing
plants or through molecular techniques. As the full sequence of the
mutation lines is known including the causal mutation for herbicide
resistance, molecular markers can be designed, such as single
nucleotide polymorphic markers, for the selection of plants and
lines carrying the resistance. These markers along with herbicide
bioassays facilitate the development of at least FOP type of ACCase
herbicide resistance in rice.
[0048] Selection of herbicide resistant rice in a breeding program
is accomplished by spraying the progeny material with herbicide in
a bioassay to observe material inheriting the resistance.
Alternatively line ML0831265-01493 may be selected by sequencing
the gene region containing the mutation or by creating a single
nucleotide polymorphic marker to detect the mutation.
Production of Hybrid Rice Tolerant/Resistant to ACCase
Inhibitor
[0049] The practical development of the trait for weed control in
rice based on the application of ACCase FOP type of herbicides is
now possible. Previously these herbicides had no application in
rice because they killed the rice plants. Any of the rice lines
described is suitable to be developed into a rice cultivar or
hybrid and used in rice production as a weed control method. The
resistant trait was demonstrated to be fully heritable allowing for
breeding and development.
[0050] The trait was demonstrated to survive and produce normal
seed set after application of FOP herbicides at rates that normally
kill rice. In addition the trait was amendable to application with
multiple FOP herbicides. The level of herbicide resistance is such
to allow complete control of red rice and other grass type
weeds.
[0051] The trait is fully selectable with either an herbicide
bioassay or a molecular marker allowing selection and breeding
strategies to develop new rice cultivars and hybrids with FOP
herbicide resistance. The resistance provided in line
ML0831265-01493 is due to a single gene acting partially dominantly
or fully dominantly making it ideally suited to be backcrossed into
current commercial cultivars Alternatively the line
ML0831265-01493, though lacking some key quality characteristics
for some markets, is still agronomically suitable to be used as a
parent line in a pedigree breeding program. Alternatively the line
if crossed with certain female lines may be used to directly
produce hybrid seed carrying herbicide resistance, as described
herein.
[0052] Suitable lines that upon conversion with genes disclosed
herein produce commercial rice resistant to ACCase inhibiting
herbicides rice seeds deposited in the ATCC as PTA-8504, PTA-8505,
PTA-836 and PTA-6795. Conversion may be by breeding or recombinant
methods.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Results of Quizalofop Herbicide Rate Response of ML0831265-01493
Plants
[0053] Rice lines with the G2096S mutation were tested for level of
resistance to quizalofop herbicide (Assure II.RTM.) by testing a
series of different application rates of the herbicide. The
herbicide rate treatments were as shown in FIG. 6. All treatments
were applied at the 2-3 leaf stage. The plots were evaluated
twenty-one days after application. The spray was applied in a
volume of 10 gal/acre and with 1% Crop Oil Concentrate. The
treatments were evaluated as the percent injury compared to an
unsprayed control plot.
[0054] The source of the G2096S mutation was line ML0831265-01493.
A sample of seed from ML0831265-01493 is deposited with the ATCC.
This line is like R0146 except that it has resistance to some
ACCase herbicides due to a mutation causing an amino acid change to
serine instead of glycine at position 2096 in the ACCase gene.
[0055] Four different selections of ML0831265-01493 all with the
G2096S mutation were replicated three times in each treatment and
tested along with the non-mutant R0146 line. The results are based
on scoring twenty-one days after herbicide application.
Example 2
Results of ACC Inhibitor Herbicide Rate Response of Rice Lines with
the G2096S Mutation
[0056] Rice lines (ML0831265-01493) with the G2096S mutation were
tested for response to different ACCase inhibiting herbicides. A
set of herbicides (FIG. 7) were selected and applied to three rice
lines with the G2096S mutation along with the non-mutated original
variety R0146. The response of R0146 and the mutated line is shown
in FIG. 7. The rate of herbicide application is twice the level of
the labeled rate except for quizalofop and clethodim, which was
twice the rate selected as a rate satisfactory to kill rice.
[0057] All treatments were applied at the 2-3 leaf stage about 20
days after seeds were planted. The plots were evaluated twenty-one
days after application. The spray was applied in a volume of 10
gal/acre and with 1% Crop Oil Concentrate. The treatments were
evaluated as the percent injury compared to an unsprayed control
plot.
[0058] A sample of seed from ML0831265-01493 is deposited with the
ATCC. This line is similar to R0146 except that it has resistance
to some ACCase herbicides due to a mutation causing an amino acid
change to serine instead of glycine at position 2096 in the ACCase
gene.
[0059] Three different selections of ML0831265-01493 all with the
G2096S mutation were replicated two or three times in each
treatment and tested along with the non-mutant R0146 line. The
results are based on scoring twenty-one days after herbicide
application.
[0060] Different mutations in the ACCase encoding gene are often
associated with resistance to specific types of ACCase inhibiting
herbicides (FOPS), (DIMS). The specificity of different mutations
thus offers the possibility of developing multiple modes of action
for weed control in rice. For example, FIG. 9 shows that the G2096S
mutation disclosed herein conveys greater tolerance in rice to two
common FOP type of ACCase inhibiting herbicides than an alternative
recently published mutation. The different response of rice line
ML0831265-01493 to FOP herbicides shows that commercial development
of this line or essentially similar lines provides a new mode of
action for weed control not currently available from other
sources.
Example 3
Mutant Rice Line ML0831265-01493 Shows No Apparent Differences from
Non-Mutated R0146 Rice in Characteristics Other than ACCase
Inhibitor Resistant Rice
[0061] In research plots the mutant line ML0831265-01493 was
observed side by side with the original non-mutant line R0146. No
observable differences were identified. The plants showed the same
growth pattern. The health and robustness of the plants also
appeared similar without any detectable differences. Some
characteristics where measured also showed new significant
differences between the mutant line ML0831265-01493 and the
unmutated line R0146 (Table 2). The G2096S mutation in line
ML0831265-01493 shows no negative effects on the normal growth or
fitness of the plants.
Example 4
Development of DNA Markers to Select Plants with the Mutation
[0062] DNA markers allow selection for certain traits without
having to observe the phenotype. In the instance of line
ML0831265-01493 the mutation causing the resistance is known
including the specific DNA sequence and surrounding sequence.
Knowing the sequence allows the design, making, and use of any
marker system that will detect single nucleotide polymorphisms.
[0063] In most single nucleotide detection assays a primer is
labeled with a specific fluorescent dye and synthesized based on
the DNA sequence to anneal with one nucleotide at the mutation
site. A second primer is also made carrying a second fluorescent
dye of a different color to anneal with the alternative nucleotide
at the mutation site. Both primers are then allowed to anneal with
a sample of DNA from an individual plant. After washing only the
primers which have an annealing match remain in the sample. The
fluorescence is measured and based on the color detected the
nucleotide at the mutation site is determined. A single color
indicates the sample was homozygous for either the non-mutant type
or the mutant type, depending on the color detected, and detection
of both colors indicates the sample was heterozygous.
[0064] Applying single nucleotide markers for the mutation allows
selection for herbicide resistance without having to observe
effects of herbicide application on the plants. Testing by either
molecular marker or phenotyping is required until a new line is
proven to be homozygous for the mutation. Molecular markers show if
a line or plant is homozygous or heterozygous allowing detection of
homozygosity one generation earlier than is possible with observing
the effect of applying herbicides.
Example 5
Integration of ACCase Resistance into Commercial Lines
[0065] Plants are grown from line ML0831265-01493 with the G2096S
mutation (donor parent) and plants from the recurrent parent, which
in this example is P1233. The P1233 plants are emasculated
following standard crossing procedures and pollinated with pollen
from plants of line ML0831265-01493. 2-4 inches of leaf material of
individual plants are collectively used to make the crosses and to
analyze the plants with molecular markers to identify a set of
polymorphic markers. It is best to identify approximately 100
polymorphic markers evenly spaced across the rice genome. Harvest
F1 seed from the P1233 plants, which was used as the female parent
in the cross.
[0066] F1 seeds and the recurrent parent line, P1233 are planted
and grown again. The F1 seedlings are sprayed with herbicide to
verify successful crossing occurred from the herbicide resistant
donor parent. Those plants not inheriting resistance will die. In
addition the plants could also be tested with a few of the
polymorphic markers to verify they were true F1 plants, i.e.
received markers from both parents, the crossing process is
repeated by using the resistant F1 plants as the male or pollen
donor parent to plants from line P1233 emasculated and used as the
female parent. After seeds mature the BC1F1 seed is harvested.
[0067] The BC1F1 seeds and the recurrent parent line, P1233 are
planted and grown. The BC1F1 seedlings are sprayed with herbicide
to identify those that inherited the herbicide tolerance mutation
from the donor parent. Leaf tissue is collected from tolerant
seedlings and submitted to the lab for analysis with polymorphic
markers. Five plants are selected that show the highest portion of
the line P1233 genome based on the marker analysis. They are used
as a pollen donor onto emasculated plants of line P1233. After
seeds mature, the BC2F1 seed is harvested.
[0068] The BC2F1 and the recurrent parent line, P1233 are planted
and grown. The BC2F1 seedlings are sprayed with herbicide to
identify those that inherited the herbicide tolerance mutation from
the donor parent. Leaf tissue is collected from the tolerant
seedlings and submitted to the lab for analysis with all unfixed
(segregating) markers. Five plants are selected that show more than
95% recovery of the P1233 genome and these are allowed to self
pollinate. The backcrossing step is repeated if no individuals show
at least 95% recovery of the P1233 genome. BC2F2 seed is harvested
from individual self pollinating plants.
[0069] At least 24 individual BC2F2 seeds from each plant are
planted and grown. Leaf tissue is collected; DNA is extracted and
sequenced to identify individuals that carry the G2096S mutation in
homozygous condition. The plants are allowed to self pollinate. The
BC2F3 seed from these plants is harvested and identified as a new
herbicide tolerant line of P1233. Lines or progeny rows are grown
in head rows and selections for the best row are made to advance to
hybrid crossing and yield trials.
[0070] The same process may also be followed to develop other lines
that carry resistance to ACCase FOP type herbicides. The recurrent
parent is chosen as an S-line to develop resistance in a female
parent used in hybrid production. Alternatively resistance may be
developed in more than one recurrent parent. One recurrent parent
line is the male line used in a hybrid and the other is the female
line used in the hybrid to make a hybrid that carried the
resistance (G2096S mutation) in a homozygous condition. Other
examples of recurrent parents may be lines carrying current
commercial traits such as other herbicide resistances or even
transgenic traits. Other parents could be derived from other
screenings of mutant lines and selected to combine multiple traits
into a single line.
Example 6
Development of New Commercial Lines with Resistance to ACCase Type
FOP Herbicides
[0071] Resistance in rice to ACCase FOP type herbicides is
developed in either hybrid parent lines or varieties through a
breeding approach. A careful analysis of the line ML0831265-01493
for inherent strengths and weakness is done to identify lines that
will correct the weaknesses in line ML0831265-01493. Line
ML0831265-01493 carrying the herbicide resistance as the male
parent is used so that simple bioassays (spraying the plants with
the herbicides and observing those that live as individuals that
inherited the resistance) can be applied to verify successful
crosses.
[0072] After selecting one or more appropriate parents a cross is
first made to one selected line. Crosses with other parents could
be made in later generations to contribute additional traits or
genetic variation. In this example the development process will
involve only one cross to P1003 to improve the weak characteristics
of the mutant line ML0831265-01493. Other parents are chosen from a
mutant population carrying resistance to an alternative herbicide
allowing multiple herbicides to be used for weed control in rice
production. Parents are also selected that carry an already
developed and commercialized herbicide resistance or transgenic
trait.
[0073] In the first step the selected parent line P1003 is
emasculated being used as the female and considered as providing
unique characteristics and that when recombined with line
ML0831265-01493 will lead towards development of a new variety or
parent line for hybrids. Pollen from the mutant line carrying the
G2096S mutation ML0831265-01493 is used to pollinate the
emasculated plants of line P1003. The F1 seed is harvested and
planted. If desired an additional cross could be made to either of
the parent lines or to another parent for the purpose of
introducing other characteristics and genetic variation.
[0074] Growing the F1 seed and applying herbicide is done to verify
the cross was successful. The surviving plants should be true F1
and are allowed to self to produce F2 seed. The F2 seed will then
be planted and again sprayed to identify plants inheriting the
herbicide resistance. The plants remaining alive should be either
homozygous or heterozygous for the resistant trait. If other traits
are of interest they should also be evaluated at this stage for
inheritance in the F2 plants. Select among the F2 plants surviving
the herbicide treatment and allow them to self pollinate to produce
F3 seed. Harvest F3 seed from individual plants and maintain as an
individual F3 family.
[0075] The F3 families are then planted as rows and again herbicide
applied to identify the F2 plants and F3 families which are
homozygous for the herbicide resistance. Selections are made among
the F3 families that are homozygous for the herbicide resistance
for other traits and characteristics of interest. F4 seed is
harvested from the selected rows.
[0076] The F4 seed is used directly in yield trials to develop a
new variety or test cross to select parents to produce hybrid seed
for testing in yield trials. Selections are made among the lines in
the yield trials for yield and other target traits and
characteristics such as quality. The F4 seed should also be
increased to F5 at which selections for target traits can also be
made. The F5 seed should be used again in test crosses for yield
trials with hybrid seeds as well as being put directly into yield
trials if a variety is to be developed.
[0077] After yield trials, including multi-location and replicated
testing, and full testing of the trait response, a final selection
is made to identify one or a few lines to release as a coded line.
These lines are then used for seed increase and release as either a
new variety or a parent in a hybrid.
Example 7
Herbicide Resistance Deployed in Hybrids
[0078] The herbicide resistance described in line ML0831265-01493
is likely either dominant or partially dominant. The resistant
event is deployed in a hybrid by being integrated into the male
parent, the female parent or both parents. Any combination is
developed for successfully controlling weeds in rice with an ACCase
FOP type of herbicide. Through following the process of the
examples above parent lines are developed to carry the ACCase
herbicide resistance. These parent lines are then used in a hybrid
seed production system to produce hybrid seed carrying the ACCase
resistance to FOP type of herbicides. The seed production process
involves planting the female line in rows next to the male lines.
The female lines are male sterile so as to prevent self
pollination. The female lines then are pollinated by the male lines
and harvested to produce F1 seed. The F1 seed is hybrid seed and is
planted by growers to produce rice grain. In the situation where a
variety is developed, the seed is planted in isolation and then
harvested to sell to growers to produce rice grain.
[0079] In preparation to produce either hybrid or variety seed from
selected lines carrying the ACCase resistance derived from
ML0831265-01493 lines must first be purified, extensively tested,
and increased.
[0080] In the example of producing hybrid seed with resistance to
ACCase FOP type of herbicides the resistance may be provided in the
male parent, the female parent or both parents. Providing the
resistance in both parents could be necessary to have a high enough
level of resistance to prevent herbicide damage to the rice when
herbicide is applied. However, a more suitable delivery mechanism
in hybrids is if the resistance can be provided in either only the
female or only the male parent.
[0081] By providing the resistance in only the male parent offers a
process to eliminate any female selfed seed in a growers field.
With resistance being only provided from the male parent then when
a grower applies herbicide to his field all of the female selfed
plants will be susceptible to the herbicide and thus killed. The
grower's field is chemically rogued and results in a pure stand of
hybrid plants.
[0082] It is also possible to provide ACCase resistance to FOP
herbicides through combining with other traits. For example
resistance to herbicides with alternative modes of action or other
traits such as insect resistance, drought tolerance. Combining with
other traits could be either by conventional or transgenic
methods.
[0083] In one example ACCase resistance is integrated into the
female parent and an alternative herbicide resistance is integrated
into the male parent. The seed is resistant to both herbicides and
a grower may use either or both herbicides for weed control.
Alternatively only one type of resistance is delivered in a single
hybrid. Both systems as well as other strategies all provide
growers with additional options for controlling weeds and will
likely extend the useful life of the herbicides. In the case of
deploying in only one parent or only one hybrid any red rice that
develops resistance through outcrossing will only inherit one type
of resistance and will still be controllable through application of
an herbicide with an alternative mode of action.
Example 8
Seed Production
[0084] The herbicide resistance may be used for production of
hybrid seed. As an example, if the female parent is developed with
resistance to ACCase FOP type herbicide through inheritance from
line ML0831265-01493 then the herbicide could be used in seed
production to eliminate the male parent. By deploying into the
female parent, making it resistant, then the herbicide is applied
to the seed production field to kill the male plants before setting
seed but after pollination. In this way the male parent is
prevented from setting seed and allows seed production fields to be
harvested as a bulk instead of only harvesting the female rows. In
addition the purity of hybrid seed may also be verified through
deploying the resistances in only one parent. Any selfed seed of
the other parent are killed by application of the herbicide.
DEPOSIT INFORMATION
[0085] A deposit of the RiceTec, Inc. ML0831265-01493 disclosed
above and recited in the appended claims has been made with the
American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 10801 University
Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110. The date of deposit was May 30,
2012. All restrictions will be removed upon granting of a patent,
and the deposit is intended to meet all of the requirements of 37
C.F.R. .sctn..sctn.1.801-1.809. The ATCC Accession Number is
PTA-12933. The deposit will be maintained in the depository for a
period of thirty years, or five years after the last request, or
for the enforceable life of the patent, whichever is longer, and
will be replaced as necessary during that period.
[0086] A deposit of the RiceTec, Inc. seeds designated
ML0831265-02283 disclosed above and recited in the appended claims
has been made with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC),
10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110. The date of
deposit was Mar. 19, 2013. All restrictions will be removed upon
granting of a patent, and the deposit is intended to meet all of
the requirements of 37 C.F.R. .sctn..sctn.1.801-1.809. The ATCC
Accession Number is PTA-13619. The deposit will be maintained in
the depository for a period of thirty years, or five years after
the last request, or for the enforceable life of the patent,
whichever is longer, and will be replaced as necessary during that
period.
[0087] While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have
been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize
certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations
thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended
claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include
all such modifications, permutations, additions and
sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.
DEFINITIONS
[0088] In the description and tables which follow, a number of
terms are used. In order to provide a clear and consistent
understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope
to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided:
[0089] Allele. Allele is any one of many alternative forms of a
gene, all of which generally relate to one trait or characteristic.
In a diploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a given gene
occupy corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
[0090] Backcrossing. Process of crossing a hybrid progeny to one of
the parents, for example, a first generation hybrid F1 with one of
the parental genotypes of the F1 hybrid.
[0091] Blend. Physically mixing rice seeds of a rice hybrid with
seeds of one, two, three, four or more of another rice hybrid, rice
variety or rice inbred to produce a crop containing the
characteristics of all of the rice seeds and plants in this
blend.
[0092] Cell. Cell as used herein includes a plant cell, whether
isolated, in tissue culture or incorporated in a plant or plant
part.
[0093] Cultivar. Variety or strain persisting under
cultivation.
[0094] Embryo. The embryo is the small plant contained within a
mature seed.
[0095] Essentially all the physiological and morphological
characteristics. A plant having essentially all the physiological
and morphological characteristics of the hybrid or cultivar, except
for the characteristics derived from the converted gene.
[0096] Grain Yield. Weight of grain harvested from a given area.
Grain yield could also be determined indirectly by multiplying the
number of panicles per area, by the number of grains per panicle,
and by grain weight.
[0097] Locus. A locus is a position on a chromosome occupied by a
DNA sequence; it confers one or more traits such as, for example,
male sterility, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, disease
resistance, waxy starch, modified fatty acid metabolism, modified
phytic acid metabolism, modified carbohydrate metabolism and
modified protein metabolism. The trait may be, for example,
conferred by a naturally occurring gene introduced into the genome
of the variety by backcrossing, a natural or induced mutation, or a
transgene introduced through genetic transformation techniques. A
locus may comprise one or more alleles integrated at a single
chromosomal location.
[0098] Plant. As used herein, the term "plant" includes reference
to an immature or mature whole plant, including a plant from which
seed or grain or anthers have been removed. Seed or embryo that
will produce the plant is also considered to be the plant.
[0099] Plant Part. As used herein, the term "plant part" (or a rice
plant, or a part thereof) includes protoplasts, leaves, stems,
roots, root tips, anthers, seed, grain, embryo, pollen, ovules,
cotyledon, hypocotyl, glumes, panicles, flower, shoot, tissue,
cells, meristematic cells and the like.
[0100] Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). Genetic loci that controls to
some degree numerically measurable traits that are usually
continuously distributed.
[0101] Regeneration. Regeneration refers to the development of a
plant from tissue culture.
[0102] Single Gene Converted (Conversion). Single gene converted
(conversion) includes plants developed by a plant breeding
technique called backcrossing wherein essentially all of the
desired morphological and physiological characteristics of an
inbred are recovered, while retaining a single gene transferred
into the inbred via crossing and backcrossing. The term can also
refer to the introduction of a single gene through genetic
engineering techniques known in the art.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Rice lines derived from the surviving plants
in the permanent mutant population confirmed to carry resistance to
quizalofop herbicide. The ATCC accession number is shown for the
line with the mutation in the carboxyl transferase region of the
ACCase gene and one of the other resistant lines. The ATCC
accession number is pending for the other line. ATCC Accession
Mutation in CT Designation No. domain ML0831265-01493 PTA-12933
G2096S ML0831265-02283 PTA-13619 None ML0831265-00776 pending
none
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison of the mutant line
ML0831265-01493 with the original unmutated line R0146 showing high
similarity between the two lines. Days to Thousand 50% Plant height
Sheath Kernel Yield/ Line/source Head Type cm Pubescence Color Awns
Weight, g plant, g R0146 87 Erect 93 Pubescent Green None 22.4
unknown 11AG52084-2 88 Erect 92 Pubescent Green None 21.6 7.8 g
Sequence CWU 1
1
712501DNAOryza sativa 1cctgttctgc taggaataat agaactacat actgctatga
ttttccactg gtgagttgac 60tgctccctta tattcaatgc attaccatag caaattcata
ttcgttcatg ttgtcaaaat 120aagccgatga aaattcaaaa ctgtaggcat
ttgaaactgc agtgaggaag tcatggtcct 180ctagtacctc tggtgcttct
aaaggtgttg aaaatgccca atgttatgtt aaagctacag 240agttggtatt
tgcggacaaa catgggtcat ggggcactcc tttagttcaa atggaccggc
300ctgctgggct caatgacatt ggtatggtag cttggacctt gaagatgtcc
actcctgaat 360ttcctagtgg tagggagatt attgttgttg caaatgatat
tacgttcaga gctggatcat 420ttggcccaag ggaagatgca ttttttgaag
ctgttaccaa cctagcctgt gagaagaaac 480ttcctcttat ttatttggca
gcaaattctg gtgctcgaat tggcatagca gatgaagtga 540aatcttgctt
ccgtgttggg tggtctgatg atggcagccc tgaacgtggg tttcagtaca
600tttatctaag cgaagaagac tatgctcgta ttggcacttc tgtcatagca
cataagatgc 660agctagacag tggtgaaatt aggtgggtta ttgattctgt
tgtgggcaag gaagatggac 720ttggtgtgga gaatatacat ggaagtgctg
ctattgccag tgcttattct agggcatata 780aggagacatt tacacttaca
tttgtgactg gaagaactgt tggaatagga gcttatcttg 840ctcgacttgg
catccggtgc atacagcgtc ttgaccagcc tattattctt acaggctatt
900ctgcactgaa caagcttctt gggcgggaag tgtacagctc ccacatgcag
ttgggtggtc 960ccaaaatcat ggcaactaat ggtgttgtcc atcttactgt
ttcagatgac cttgaaggcg 1020tttctaatat attgaggtgg ctcagttatg
ttcctgccta cattggtgga ccacttccag 1080taacaacacc gttggaccca
ccggacagac ctgttgcata cattcctgag aactcgtgtg 1140atcctcgagc
ggctatccgt ggtgttgatg acagccaagg gaaatggtta ggtggtatgt
1200ttgataaaga cagctttgtg gaaacatttg aaggttgggc taagacagtg
gttactggca 1260gagcaaagct tggtggaatt ccagtgggtg tgatagctgt
ggagactcag accatgatgc 1320aaactatccc tgctgaccct ggtcagcttg
attcccgtga gcaatctgtt cctcgtgctg 1380gacaagtgtg gtttccagat
tctgcaacca agactgcgca ggcattgctg gacttcaacc 1440gtgaaggatt
acctctgttc atcctcgcta actggagagg cttctctggt ggacaaagag
1500atctttttga aggaattctt caggctggct cgactattgt tgagaacctt
aggacataca 1560atcagcctgc ctttgtctac attcccatgg ctgcagagct
acgaggaggg gcttgggttg 1620tggttgatag caagataaac ccagaccgca
ttgagtgcta tgctgagagg actgcaaaaa 1680gcaatgttct ggaaccgcaa
gggttaattg agatcaagtt caggtcagag gaactccagg 1740attgcatgag
tcggcttgac ccaacattaa ttgatctgaa agcaaaactc gaagtagcaa
1800ataaaaatgg aagtgctgac acaaaatcgc ttcaagaaaa tatagaagct
cgaacaaaac 1860agttgatgcc tctatatact cagattgcga tacggtttgc
tgaattgcat gatacatccc 1920tcagaatggc tgcgaaaggt gtgattaaga
aagttgtgga ctgggaagaa tcacgatctt 1980tcttctataa gagattacgg
aggaggatct ctgaggatgt tcttgcaaaa gaaattagag 2040ctgtagcagg
tgagcagttt tcccaccaac cagcaatcga gctgatcaag aaatggtatt
2100cagcttcaca tgcagctgaa tgggatgatg acgatgcttt tgttgcttgg
atggataacc 2160ctgaaaacta caaggattat attcaatatc ttaaggctca
aagagtatcc caatccctct 2220caagtctttc agattccagc tcagatttgc
aagccctgcc acagggtctt tccatgttac 2280tagataaggt aattagctta
ctgatgctta tataaattct ttttcattac atatggctgg 2340agaactatct
aatcaaataa tgattataat tccaatcgtt ctttttatgc cattatgatc
2400ttctgaaatt tccttctttg gacacttatt cagatggatc cctctagaag
agctcaactt 2460gttgaagaaa tcaggaaggt ccttggttga atcatatgat g
250122501DNAOryza sativa 2cctgttctgc taggaataat agaactacat
actgctatga ttttccactg gtgagttgac 60tgctccctta tattcaatgc attaccatag
caaattcata ttcgttcatg ttgtcaaaat 120aagccgatga aaattcaaaa
ctgtaggcat ttgaaactgc agtgaggaag tcatggtcct 180ctagtacctc
tggtgcttct aaaggtgttg aaaatgccca atgttatgtt aaagctacag
240agttggtatt tgcggacaaa catgggtcat ggggcactcc tttagttcaa
atggaccggc 300ctgctgggct caatgacatt ggtatggtag cttggacctt
gaagatgtcc actcctgaat 360ttcctagtgg tagggagatt attgttgttg
caaatgatat tacgttcaga gctggatcat 420ttggcccaag ggaagatgca
ttttttgaag ctgttaccaa cctagcctgt gagaagaaac 480ttcctcttat
ttatttggca gcaaattctg gtgctcgaat tggcatagca gatgaagtga
540aatcttgctt ccgtgttggg tggtctgatg atggcagccc tgaacgtggg
tttcagtaca 600tttatctaag cgaagaagac tatgctcgta ttggcacttc
tgtcatagca cataagatgc 660agctagacag tggtgaaatt aggtgggtta
ttgattctgt tgtgggcaag gaagatggac 720ttggtgtgga gaatatacat
ggaagtgctg ctattgccag tgcttattct agggcatata 780aggagacatt
tacacttaca tttgtgactg gaagaactgt tggaatagga gcttatcttg
840ctcgacttgg catccggtgc atacagcgtc ttgaccagcc tattattctt
acaggctatt 900ctgcactgaa caagcttctt gggcgggaag tgtacagctc
ccacatgcag ttgggtggtc 960ccaaaatcat ggcaactaat ggtgttgtcc
atcttactgt ttcagatgac cttgaaggcg 1020tttctaatat attgaggtgg
ctcagttatg ttcctgccta cattggtgga ccacttccag 1080taacaacacc
gttggaccca ccggacagac ctgttgcata cattcctgag aactcgtgtg
1140atcctcgagc ggctatccgt ggtgttgatg acagccaagg gaaatggtta
ggtggtatgt 1200ttgataaaga cagctttgtg gaaacatttg aaggttgggc
taagacagtg gttactggca 1260gagcaaagct tggtggaatt ccagtgggtg
tgatagctgt ggagactcag accatgatgc 1320aaactatccc tgctgaccct
ggtcagcttg attcccgtga gcaatctgtt cctcgtgctg 1380gacaagtgtg
gtttccagat tctgcaacca agactgcgca ggcattgctg gacttcaacc
1440gtgaaggatt acctctgttc atcctcgcta actggagagg cttctctggt
ggacaaagag 1500atctttttga aggaattctt caggctggct cgactattgt
tgagaacctt aggacataca 1560atcagcctgc ctttgtctac attcccatgg
ctgcagagct acgaggaggg gcttgggttg 1620tggttgatag caagataaac
ccagaccgca ttgagtgcta tgctgagagg actgcaaaag 1680gcaatgttct
ggaaccgcaa gggttaattg agatcaagtt caggtcagag gaactccagg
1740attgcatgag tcggcttgac ccaacattaa ttgatctgaa agcaaaactc
gaagtagcaa 1800ataaaaatgg aagtgctgac acaaaatcgc ttcaagaaaa
tatagaagct cgaacaaaac 1860agttgatgcc tctatatact cagattgcga
tacggtttgc tgaattgcat gatacatccc 1920tcagaatggc tgcgaaaggt
gtgattaaga aagttgtgga ctgggaagaa tcacgatctt 1980tcttctataa
gagattacgg aggaggatct ctgaggatgt tcttgcaaaa gaaattagag
2040ctgtagcagg tgagcagttt tcccaccaac cagcaatcga gctgatcaag
aaatggtatt 2100cagcttcaca tgcagctgaa tgggatgatg acgatgcttt
tgttgcttgg atggataacc 2160ctgaaaacta caaggattat attcaatatc
ttaaggctca aagagtatcc caatccctct 2220caagtctttc agattccagc
tcagatttgc aagccctgcc acagggtctt tccatgttac 2280tagataaggt
aattagctta ctgatgctta tataaattct ttttcattac atatggctgg
2340agaactatct aatcaaataa tgattataat tccaatcgtt ctttttatgc
cattatgatc 2400ttctgaaatt tccttctttg gacacttatt cagatggatc
cctctagaag agctcaactt 2460gttgaagaaa tcaggaaggt ccttggttga
atcatatgat g 250132501DNAOryza sativa 3cctgttctgc taggaataat
agaactacat actgctatga ttttccactg gtgagttgac 60tgctccctta tattcaatgc
attaccatag caaattcata ttcgttcatg ttgtcaaaat 120aagccgatga
aaattcaaaa ctgtaggcat ttgaaactgc agtgaggaag tcatggtcct
180ctagtacctc tggtgcttct aaaggtgttg aaaatgccca atgttatgtt
aaagctacag 240agttggtatt tgcggacaaa catgggtcat ggggcactcc
tttagttcaa atggaccggc 300ctgctgggct caatgacatt ggtatggtag
cttggacctt gaagatgtcc actcctgaat 360ttcctagtgg tagggagatt
attgttgttg caaatgatat tacgttcaga gctggatcat 420ttggcccaag
ggaagatgca ttttttgaag ctgttaccaa cctagcctgt gagaagaaac
480ttcctcttat ttatttggca gcaaattctg gtgctcgaat tggcatagca
gatgaagtga 540aatcttgctt ccgtgttggg tggtctgatg atggcagccc
tgaacgtggg tttcagtaca 600tttatctaag cgaagaagac tatgctcgta
ttggcacttc tgtcatagca cataagatgc 660agctagacag tggtgaaatt
aggtgggtta ttgattctgt tgtgggcaag gaagatggac 720ttggtgtgga
gaatatacat ggaagtgctg ctattgccag tgcttattct agggcatata
780aggagacatt tacacttaca tttgtgactg gaagaactgt tggaatagga
gcttatcttg 840ctcgacttgg catccggtgc atacagcgtc ttgaccagcc
tattattctt acaggctatt 900ctgcactgaa caagcttctt gggcgggaag
tgtacagctc ccacatgcag ttgggtggtc 960ccaaaatcat ggcaactaat
ggtgttgtcc atcttactgt ttcagatgac cttgaaggcg 1020tttctaatat
attgaggtgg ctcagttatg ttcctgccta cattggtgga ccacttccag
1080taacaacacc gttggaccca ccggacagac ctgttgcata cattcctgag
aactcgtgtg 1140atcctcgagc ggctatccgt ggtgttgatg acagccaagg
gaaatggtta ggtggtatgt 1200ttgataaaga cagctttgtg gaaacatttg
aaggttgggc taagacagtg gttactggca 1260gagcaaagct tggtggaatt
ccagtgggtg tgatagctgt ggagactcag accatgatgc 1320aaactatccc
tgctgaccct ggtcagcttg attcccgtga gcaatctgtt cctcgtgctg
1380gacaagtgtg gtttccagat tctgcaacca agactgcgca ggcattgctg
gacttcaacc 1440gtgaaggatt acctctgttc atcctcgcta actggagagg
cttctctggt ggacaaagag 1500atctttttga aggaattctt caggctggct
cgactattgt tgagaacctt aggacataca 1560atcagcctgc ctttgtctac
attcccatgg ctgcagagct acgaggaggg gcttgggttg 1620tggttgatag
caagataaac ccagaccgca ttgagtgcta tgctgagagg actgcaaaag
1680gcaatgttct ggaaccgcaa gggttaattg agatcaagtt caggtcagag
gaactccagg 1740attgcatgag tcggcttgac ccaacattaa ttgatctgaa
agcaaaactc gaagtagcaa 1800ataaaaatgg aagtgctgac acaaaatcgc
ttcaagaaaa tatagaagct cgaacaaaac 1860agttgatgcc tctatatact
cagattgcga tacggtttgc tgaattgcat gatacatccc 1920tcagaatggc
tgcgaaaggt gtgattaaga aagttgtgga ctgggaagaa tcacgatctt
1980tcttctataa gagattacgg aggaggatct ctgaggatgt tcttgcaaaa
gaaattagag 2040ctgtagcagg tgagcagttt tcccaccaac cagcaatcga
gctgatcaag aaatggtatt 2100cagcttcaca tgcagctgaa tgggatgatg
acgatgcttt tgttgcttgg atggataacc 2160ctgaaaacta caaggattat
attcaatatc ttaaggctca aagagtatcc caatccctct 2220caagtctttc
agattccagc tcagatttgc aagccctgcc acagggtctt tccatgttac
2280tagataaggt aattagctta ctgatgctta tataaattct ttttcattac
atatggctgg 2340agaactatct aatcaaataa tgattataat tccaatcgtt
ctttttatgc cattatgatc 2400ttctgaaatt tccttctttg gacacttatt
cagatggatc cctctagaag agctcaactt 2460gttgaagaaa tcaggaaggt
ccttggttga atcatatgat g 250142501DNAOryza sativa 4cctgttctgc
taggaataat agaactacat actgctatga ttttccactg gtgagttgac 60tgctccctta
tattcaatgc attaccatag caaattcata ttcgttcatg ttgtcaaaat
120aagccgatga aaattcaaaa ctgtaggcat ttgaaactgc agtgaggaag
tcatggtcct 180ctagtacctc tggtgcttct aaaggtgttg aaaatgccca
atgttatgtt aaagctacag 240agttggtatt tgcggacaaa catgggtcat
ggggcactcc tttagttcaa atggaccggc 300ctgctgggct caatgacatt
ggtatggtag cttggacctt gaagatgtcc actcctgaat 360ttcctagtgg
tagggagatt attgttgttg caaatgatat tacgttcaga gctggatcat
420ttggcccaag ggaagatgca ttttttgaag ctgttaccaa cctagcctgt
gagaagaaac 480ttcctcttat ttatttggca gcaaattctg gtgctcgaat
tggcatagca gatgaagtga 540aatcttgctt ccgtgttggg tggtctgatg
atggcagccc tgaacgtggg tttcagtaca 600tttatctaag cgaagaagac
tatgctcgta ttggcacttc tgtcatagca cataagatgc 660agctagacag
tggtgaaatt aggtgggtta ttgattctgt tgtgggcaag gaagatggac
720ttggtgtgga gaatatacat ggaagtgctg ctattgccag tgcttattct
agggcatata 780aggagacatt tacacttaca tttgtgactg gaagaactgt
tggaatagga gcttatcttg 840ctcgacttgg catccggtgc atacagcgtc
ttgaccagcc tattattctt acaggctatt 900ctgcactgaa caagcttctt
gggcgggaag tgtacagctc ccacatgcag ttgggtggtc 960ccaaaatcat
ggcaactaat ggtgttgtcc atcttactgt ttcagatgac cttgaaggcg
1020tttctaatat attgaggtgg ctcagttatg ttcctgccta cattggtgga
ccacttccag 1080taacaacacc gttggaccca ccggacagac ctgttgcata
cattcctgag aactcgtgtg 1140atcctcgagc ggctatccgt ggtgttgatg
acagccaagg gaaatggtta ggtggtatgt 1200ttgataaaga cagctttgtg
gaaacatttg aaggttgggc taagacagtg gttactggca 1260gagcaaagct
tggtggaatt ccagtgggtg tgatagctgt ggagactcag accatgatgc
1320aaactatccc tgctgaccct ggtcagcttg attcccgtga gcaatctgtt
cctcgtgctg 1380gacaagtgtg gtttccagat tctgcaacca agactgcgca
ggcattgctg gacttcaacc 1440gtgaaggatt acctctgttc atcctcgcta
actggagagg cttctctggt ggacaaagag 1500atctttttga aggaattctt
caggctggct cgactattgt tgagaacctt aggacataca 1560atcagcctgc
ctttgtctac attcccatgg ctgcagagct acgaggaggg gcttgggttg
1620tggttgatag caagataaac ccagaccgca ttgagtgcta tgctgagagg
actgcaaaaa 1680gcaatgttct ggaaccgcaa gggttaattg agatcaagtt
caggtcagag gaactccagg 1740attgcatgag tcggcttgac ccaacattaa
ttgatctgaa agcaaaactc gaagtagcaa 1800ataaaaatgg aagtgctgac
acaaaatcgc ttcaagaaaa tatagaagct cgaacaaaac 1860agttgatgcc
tctatatact cagattgcga tacggtttgc tgaattgcat gatacatccc
1920tcagaatggc tgcgaaaggt gtgattaaga aagttgtgga ctgggaagaa
tcacgatctt 1980tcttctataa gagattacgg aggaggatct ctgaggatgt
tcttgcaaaa gaaattagag 2040ctgtagcagg tgagcagttt tcccaccaac
cagcaatcga gctgatcaag aaatggtatt 2100cagcttcaca tgcagctgaa
tgggatgatg acgatgcttt tgttgcttgg atggataacc 2160ctgaaaacta
caaggattat attcaatatc ttaaggctca aagagtatcc caatccctct
2220caagtctttc agattccagc tcagatttgc aagccctgcc acagggtctt
tccatgttac 2280tagataaggt aattagctta ctgatgctta tataaattct
ttttcattac atatggctgg 2340agaactatct aatcaaataa tgattataat
tccaatcgtt ctttttatgc cattatgatc 2400ttctgaaatt tccttctttg
gacacttatt cagatggatc cctctagaag agctcaactt 2460gttgaagaaa
tcaggaaggt ccttggttga atcatatgat g 25015674PRTOryza sativa 5Met Asp
Arg Pro Ala Gly Leu Asn Asp Ile Gly Met Val Ala Trp Thr 1 5 10 15
Leu Lys Met Ser Thr Pro Glu Phe Pro Ser Gly Arg Glu Ile Ile Val 20
25 30 Val Ala Asn Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ala Gly Ser Phe Gly Pro Arg
Glu 35 40 45 Asp Ala Phe Phe Glu Ala Val Thr Asn Leu Ala Cys Glu
Lys Lys Leu 50 55 60 Pro Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ala Asn Ser Gly Ala
Arg Ile Gly Ile Ala 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Val Lys Ser Cys Phe Arg Val
Gly Trp Ser Asp Asp Gly Ser 85 90 95 Pro Glu Arg Gly Phe Gln Tyr
Ile Tyr Leu Ser Glu Glu Asp Tyr Ala 100 105 110 Arg Ile Gly Thr Ser
Val Ile Ala His Lys Met Gln Leu Asp Ser Gly 115 120 125 Glu Ile Arg
Trp Val Ile Asp Ser Val Val Gly Lys Glu Asp Gly Leu 130 135 140 Gly
Val Glu Asn Ile His Gly Ser Ala Ala Ile Ala Ser Ala Tyr Ser 145 150
155 160 Arg Ala Tyr Lys Glu Thr Phe Thr Leu Thr Phe Val Thr Gly Arg
Thr 165 170 175 Val Gly Ile Gly Ala Tyr Leu Ala Arg Leu Gly Ile Arg
Cys Ile Gln 180 185 190 Arg Leu Asp Gln Pro Ile Ile Leu Thr Gly Tyr
Ser Ala Leu Asn Lys 195 200 205 Leu Leu Gly Arg Glu Val Tyr Ser Ser
His Met Gln Leu Gly Gly Pro 210 215 220 Lys Ile Met Ala Thr Asn Gly
Val Val His Leu Thr Val Ser Asp Asp 225 230 235 240 Leu Glu Gly Val
Ser Asn Ile Leu Arg Trp Leu Ser Tyr Val Pro Ala 245 250 255 Tyr Ile
Gly Gly Pro Leu Pro Val Thr Thr Pro Leu Asp Pro Pro Asp 260 265 270
Arg Pro Val Ala Tyr Ile Pro Glu Asn Ser Cys Asp Pro Arg Ala Ala 275
280 285 Ile Arg Gly Val Asp Asp Ser Gln Gly Lys Trp Leu Gly Gly Met
Phe 290 295 300 Asp Lys Asp Ser Phe Val Glu Thr Phe Glu Gly Trp Ala
Lys Thr Val 305 310 315 320 Val Thr Gly Arg Ala Lys Leu Gly Gly Ile
Pro Val Gly Val Ile Ala 325 330 335 Val Glu Thr Gln Thr Met Met Gln
Thr Ile Pro Ala Asp Pro Gly Gln 340 345 350 Leu Asp Ser Arg Glu Gln
Ser Val Pro Arg Ala Gly Gln Val Trp Phe 355 360 365 Pro Asp Ser Ala
Thr Lys Thr Ala Gln Ala Leu Leu Asp Phe Asn Arg 370 375 380 Glu Gly
Leu Pro Leu Phe Ile Leu Ala Asn Trp Arg Gly Phe Ser Gly 385 390 395
400 Gly Gln Arg Asp Leu Phe Glu Gly Ile Leu Gln Ala Gly Ser Thr Ile
405 410 415 Val Glu Asn Leu Arg Thr Tyr Asn Gln Pro Ala Phe Val Tyr
Ile Pro 420 425 430 Met Ala Ala Glu Leu Arg Gly Gly Ala Trp Val Val
Val Asp Ser Lys 435 440 445 Ile Asn Pro Asp Arg Ile Glu Cys Tyr Ala
Glu Arg Thr Ala Lys Gly 450 455 460 Asn Val Leu Glu Pro Gln Gly Leu
Ile Glu Ile Lys Phe Arg Ser Glu 465 470 475 480 Glu Leu Gln Asp Cys
Met Ser Arg Leu Asp Pro Thr Leu Ile Asp Leu 485 490 495 Lys Ala Lys
Leu Glu Val Ala Asn Lys Asn Gly Ser Ala Asp Thr Lys 500 505 510 Ser
Leu Gln Glu Asn Ile Glu Ala Arg Thr Lys Gln Leu Met Pro Leu 515 520
525 Tyr Thr Gln Ile Ala Ile Arg Phe Ala Glu Leu His Asp Thr Ser Leu
530 535 540 Arg Met Ala Ala Lys Gly Val Ile Lys Lys Val Val Asp Trp
Glu Glu 545 550 555 560 Ser Arg Ser Phe Phe Tyr Lys Arg Leu Arg Arg
Arg Ile Ser Glu Asp 565 570 575 Val Leu Ala Lys Glu Ile Arg Ala Val
Ala Gly Glu Gln Phe Ser His 580 585 590 Gln Pro Ala Ile Glu Leu Ile
Lys Lys Trp Tyr Ser Ala Ser His Ala 595 600 605 Ala Glu Trp Asp Asp
Asp Asp Ala Phe Val Ala Trp Met Asp Asn Pro 610 615 620 Glu Asn Tyr
Lys Asp Tyr Ile Gln Tyr Leu Lys Ala Gln Arg Val Ser 625 630 635 640
Gln Ser Leu Ser Ser Leu Ser Asp Ser Ser Ser Asp Leu Gln Ala Leu 645
650 655 Pro Gln Gly Leu Ser Met Leu Leu Asp Lys Val Ile Ser Leu Leu
Met 660 665 670 Leu Ile 6674PRTOryza sativa 6Met Asp Arg Pro Ala
Gly Leu Asn Asp Ile Gly Met Val Ala Trp Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Met
Ser Thr Pro Glu Phe Pro Ser Gly Arg Glu Ile Ile Val 20 25 30 Val
Ala Asn Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ala Gly Ser Phe Gly Pro Arg Glu 35 40
45 Asp Ala Phe Phe Glu Ala Val Thr Asn Leu Ala Cys Glu Lys Lys Leu
50 55 60 Pro Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ala Asn Ser Gly Ala Arg Ile
Gly Ile Ala 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Val Lys Ser Cys Phe Arg Val Gly Trp
Ser Asp Asp Gly Ser 85 90 95 Pro Glu Arg Gly Phe Gln Tyr Ile Tyr
Leu Ser Glu Glu Asp Tyr Ala 100 105 110 Arg Ile Gly Thr Ser Val Ile
Ala His Lys Met Gln Leu Asp Ser Gly 115 120 125 Glu Ile Arg Trp Val
Ile Asp Ser Val Val Gly Lys Glu Asp Gly Leu 130 135 140 Gly Val Glu
Asn Ile His Gly Ser Ala Ala Ile Ala Ser Ala Tyr Ser 145 150 155 160
Arg Ala Tyr Lys Glu Thr Phe Thr Leu Thr Phe Val Thr Gly Arg Thr 165
170 175 Val Gly Ile Gly Ala Tyr Leu Ala Arg Leu Gly Ile Arg Cys Ile
Gln 180 185 190 Arg Leu Asp Gln Pro Ile Ile Leu Thr Gly Tyr Ser Ala
Leu Asn Lys 195 200 205 Leu Leu Gly Arg Glu Val Tyr Ser Ser His Met
Gln Leu Gly Gly Pro 210 215 220 Lys Ile Met Ala Thr Asn Gly Val Val
His Leu Thr Val Ser Asp Asp 225 230 235 240 Leu Glu Gly Val Ser Asn
Ile Leu Arg Trp Leu Ser Tyr Val Pro Ala 245 250 255 Tyr Ile Gly Gly
Pro Leu Pro Val Thr Thr Pro Leu Asp Pro Pro Asp 260 265 270 Arg Pro
Val Ala Tyr Ile Pro Glu Asn Ser Cys Asp Pro Arg Ala Ala 275 280 285
Ile Arg Gly Val Asp Asp Ser Gln Gly Lys Trp Leu Gly Gly Met Phe 290
295 300 Asp Lys Asp Ser Phe Val Glu Thr Phe Glu Gly Trp Ala Lys Thr
Val 305 310 315 320 Val Thr Gly Arg Ala Lys Leu Gly Gly Ile Pro Val
Gly Val Ile Ala 325 330 335 Val Glu Thr Gln Thr Met Met Gln Thr Ile
Pro Ala Asp Pro Gly Gln 340 345 350 Leu Asp Ser Arg Glu Gln Ser Val
Pro Arg Ala Gly Gln Val Trp Phe 355 360 365 Pro Asp Ser Ala Thr Lys
Thr Ala Gln Ala Leu Leu Asp Phe Asn Arg 370 375 380 Glu Gly Leu Pro
Leu Phe Ile Leu Ala Asn Trp Arg Gly Phe Ser Gly 385 390 395 400 Gly
Gln Arg Asp Leu Phe Glu Gly Ile Leu Gln Ala Gly Ser Thr Ile 405 410
415 Val Glu Asn Leu Arg Thr Tyr Asn Gln Pro Ala Phe Val Tyr Ile Pro
420 425 430 Met Ala Ala Glu Leu Arg Gly Gly Ala Trp Val Val Val Asp
Ser Lys 435 440 445 Ile Asn Pro Asp Arg Ile Glu Cys Tyr Ala Glu Arg
Thr Ala Lys Gly 450 455 460 Asn Val Leu Glu Pro Gln Gly Leu Ile Glu
Ile Lys Phe Arg Ser Glu 465 470 475 480 Glu Leu Gln Asp Cys Met Ser
Arg Leu Asp Pro Thr Leu Ile Asp Leu 485 490 495 Lys Ala Lys Leu Glu
Val Ala Asn Lys Asn Gly Ser Ala Asp Thr Lys 500 505 510 Ser Leu Gln
Glu Asn Ile Glu Ala Arg Thr Lys Gln Leu Met Pro Leu 515 520 525 Tyr
Thr Gln Ile Ala Ile Arg Phe Ala Glu Leu His Asp Thr Ser Leu 530 535
540 Arg Met Ala Ala Lys Gly Val Ile Lys Lys Val Val Asp Trp Glu Glu
545 550 555 560 Ser Arg Ser Phe Phe Tyr Lys Arg Leu Arg Arg Arg Ile
Ser Glu Asp 565 570 575 Val Leu Ala Lys Glu Ile Arg Ala Val Ala Gly
Glu Gln Phe Ser His 580 585 590 Gln Pro Ala Ile Glu Leu Ile Lys Lys
Trp Tyr Ser Ala Ser His Ala 595 600 605 Ala Glu Trp Asp Asp Asp Asp
Ala Phe Val Ala Trp Met Asp Asn Pro 610 615 620 Glu Asn Tyr Lys Asp
Tyr Ile Gln Tyr Leu Lys Ala Gln Arg Val Ser 625 630 635 640 Gln Ser
Leu Ser Ser Leu Ser Asp Ser Ser Ser Asp Leu Gln Ala Leu 645 650 655
Pro Gln Gly Leu Ser Met Leu Leu Asp Lys Val Ile Ser Leu Leu Met 660
665 670 Leu Ile 7674PRTOryza sativa 7Met Asp Arg Pro Ala Gly Leu
Asn Asp Ile Gly Met Val Ala Trp Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Met Ser Thr
Pro Glu Phe Pro Ser Gly Arg Glu Ile Ile Val 20 25 30 Val Ala Asn
Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ala Gly Ser Phe Gly Pro Arg Glu 35 40 45 Asp
Ala Phe Phe Glu Ala Val Thr Asn Leu Ala Cys Glu Lys Lys Leu 50 55
60 Pro Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ala Asn Ser Gly Ala Arg Ile Gly Ile Ala
65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Val Lys Ser Cys Phe Arg Val Gly Trp Ser Asp Asp
Gly Ser 85 90 95 Pro Glu Arg Gly Phe Gln Tyr Ile Tyr Leu Ser Glu
Glu Asp Tyr Ala 100 105 110 Arg Ile Gly Thr Ser Val Ile Ala His Lys
Met Gln Leu Asp Ser Gly 115 120 125 Glu Ile Arg Trp Val Ile Asp Ser
Val Val Gly Lys Glu Asp Gly Leu 130 135 140 Gly Val Glu Asn Ile His
Gly Ser Ala Ala Ile Ala Ser Ala Tyr Ser 145 150 155 160 Arg Ala Tyr
Lys Glu Thr Phe Thr Leu Thr Phe Val Thr Gly Arg Thr 165 170 175 Val
Gly Ile Gly Ala Tyr Leu Ala Arg Leu Gly Ile Arg Cys Ile Gln 180 185
190 Arg Leu Asp Gln Pro Ile Ile Leu Thr Gly Tyr Ser Ala Leu Asn Lys
195 200 205 Leu Leu Gly Arg Glu Val Tyr Ser Ser His Met Gln Leu Gly
Gly Pro 210 215 220 Lys Ile Met Ala Thr Asn Gly Val Val His Leu Thr
Val Ser Asp Asp 225 230 235 240 Leu Glu Gly Val Ser Asn Ile Leu Arg
Trp Leu Ser Tyr Val Pro Ala 245 250 255 Tyr Ile Gly Gly Pro Leu Pro
Val Thr Thr Pro Leu Asp Pro Pro Asp 260 265 270 Arg Pro Val Ala Tyr
Ile Pro Glu Asn Ser Cys Asp Pro Arg Ala Ala 275 280 285 Ile Arg Gly
Val Asp Asp Ser Gln Gly Lys Trp Leu Gly Gly Met Phe 290 295 300 Asp
Lys Asp Ser Phe Val Glu Thr Phe Glu Gly Trp Ala Lys Thr Val 305 310
315 320 Val Thr Gly Arg Ala Lys Leu Gly Gly Ile Pro Val Gly Val Ile
Ala 325 330 335 Val Glu Thr Gln Thr Met Met Gln Thr Ile Pro Ala Asp
Pro Gly Gln 340 345 350 Leu Asp Ser Arg Glu Gln Ser Val Pro Arg Ala
Gly Gln Val Trp Phe 355 360 365 Pro Asp Ser Ala Thr Lys Thr Ala Gln
Ala Leu Leu Asp Phe Asn Arg 370 375 380 Glu Gly Leu Pro Leu Phe Ile
Leu Ala Asn Trp Arg Gly Phe Ser Gly 385 390 395 400 Gly Gln Arg Asp
Leu Phe Glu Gly Ile Leu Gln Ala Gly Ser Thr Ile 405 410 415 Val Glu
Asn Leu Arg Thr Tyr Asn Gln Pro Ala Phe Val Tyr Ile Pro 420 425 430
Met Ala Ala Glu Leu Arg Gly Gly Ala Trp Val Val Val Asp Ser Lys 435
440 445 Ile Asn Pro Asp Arg Ile Glu Cys Tyr Ala Glu Arg Thr Ala Lys
Ser 450 455 460 Asn Val Leu Glu Pro Gln Gly Leu Ile Glu Ile Lys Phe
Arg Ser Glu 465 470 475 480 Glu Leu Gln Asp Cys Met Ser Arg Leu Asp
Pro Thr Leu Ile Asp Leu 485 490 495 Lys Ala Lys Leu Glu Val Ala Asn
Lys Asn Gly Ser Ala Asp Thr Lys 500 505 510 Ser Leu Gln Glu Asn Ile
Glu Ala Arg Thr Lys Gln Leu Met Pro Leu 515 520 525 Tyr Thr Gln Ile
Ala Ile Arg Phe Ala Glu Leu His Asp Thr Ser Leu 530 535 540 Arg Met
Ala Ala Lys Gly Val Ile Lys Lys Val Val Asp Trp Glu Glu 545 550 555
560 Ser Arg Ser Phe Phe Tyr Lys Arg Leu Arg Arg Arg Ile Ser Glu Asp
565 570 575 Val Leu Ala Lys Glu Ile Arg Ala Val Ala Gly Glu Gln Phe
Ser His 580 585 590 Gln Pro Ala Ile Glu Leu Ile Lys Lys Trp Tyr Ser
Ala Ser His Ala 595 600 605 Ala Glu Trp Asp Asp Asp Asp Ala Phe Val
Ala Trp Met Asp Asn Pro 610 615 620 Glu Asn Tyr Lys Asp Tyr Ile Gln
Tyr Leu Lys Ala Gln Arg Val Ser 625 630 635 640 Gln Ser Leu Ser Ser
Leu Ser Asp Ser Ser Ser Asp Leu Gln Ala Leu 645 650 655 Pro Gln Gly
Leu Ser Met Leu Leu Asp Lys Val Ile Ser Leu Leu Met 660 665 670 Leu
Ile
* * * * *