U.S. patent application number 14/844794 was filed with the patent office on 2017-01-05 for molded mascara brush head with rake-like teeth.
The applicant listed for this patent is ELC MANAGEMENT LLC. Invention is credited to Herve F. Bouix, Christophe Jacob.
Application Number | 20170000242 14/844794 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57608902 |
Filed Date | 2017-01-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170000242 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Jacob; Christophe ; et
al. |
January 5, 2017 |
Molded Mascara Brush Head With Rake-Like Teeth
Abstract
A cosmetic package is provided with an applicator brush head
that has rake-like teeth extending from the core of the brush head.
Each tooth has a flexible vertical post extending from the brush
core to a horizontal beam. Several tines extend vertically from the
beam to free ends. When the brush is drawn through a wiper in the
product vial, the flexible vertical post allows the rake teeth to
bend such that the tines pick up cosmetic product deposited at or
near the core of the brush. As the brush head leaves the wiper, the
rake-like teeth return to an upright position carrying the cosmetic
product at or near the free ends of the tines.
Inventors: |
Jacob; Christophe;
(Roussillon, FR) ; Bouix; Herve F.; (New York,
NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ELC MANAGEMENT LLC |
Melville |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
57608902 |
Appl. No.: |
14/844794 |
Filed: |
September 3, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62186720 |
Jun 30, 2015 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A46D 1/0292 20130101;
A46B 9/028 20130101; A46B 2200/1053 20130101; A45D 40/267 20130101;
A46D 1/0253 20130101; A46B 9/021 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A45D 40/26 20060101
A45D040/26; A46B 9/02 20060101 A46B009/02 |
Claims
1. A cosmetic package comprising: a vial having a neck defining an
opening into a product reservoir, a wiper secured in the opening,
the wiper having a wiper orifice defining a first cross-sectional
dimension, and an applicator having a handle, a stem rod connected
to and depending from the handle, the stem rod extending from the
handle to a support end, and a brush head having: a core with a
proximal end connected to the support end of the stem rod, the core
extending from the proximal end to a distal end, a longitudinal
axis defined through the core from the proximal end to the distal
end, the core having a second cross-sectional dimension that is
less than the first cross-sectional dimension of the wiper orifice
such that a deposit of cosmetic product remains at or near the core
when the brush head is withdrawn from the product reservoir through
the wiper, and a plurality of rake-like teeth secured to the core,
each of the teeth comprising: a post having an inner end secured to
the core, the post extending radially outwardly from the core in a
direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core to an
outer end; a beam secured to the outer end of the post, the beam
generally perpendicular to the post, or at an angle relative to the
longitudinal axis of the core of from 1.degree. to 30.degree.; and
at least two tines, each tine having a first end secured to the
beam and each tine extending generally perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the core to a free end; wherein the plurality
of rake-like teeth define a third cross-sectional dimension for the
brush head that is larger than the first cross-sectional dimension
of the wiper orifice, and the post of each of the plurality of the
teeth is flexible to permit the teeth to bend as the brush head is
withdrawn from the product reservoir through the wiper orifice such
that the at least two tines of each of the plurality of teeth pick
up cosmetic product from the deposit at or near the core and retain
the cosmetic product as the teeth return to an upright
position.
2. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the handle is a cap for
the vial.
3. The cosmetic package of claim 2 further comprising an internal
thread in the cap and a cooperating external thread on the neck for
securing the cap to the vial.
4. The cosmetic package of claim 1 further comprising a plurality
of single shaft teeth, each having a root end secured to the core
and each extending out from the core to a free tip.
5. The cosmetic package of claim 4 wherein the plurality of single
shaft teeth extend from the distal end of the core at an angle of
from about 0 degrees to 90 degrees relative to the longitudinal
axis of the core.
6. The cosmetic package of claim 4 wherein each of the plurality of
single shaft teeth extends radially from the core between the
proximal and distal ends of the core at locations between adjacent
ones of the plurality of rake teeth.
7. The cosmetic package of claim 6 wherein each of the plurality of
rake-like teeth are arranged in a first row along the length of the
core, and the plurality of single shaft teeth are arranged in a
second row along the length of the core.
8. The cosmetic package of claim 7 further comprising a plurality
of first rows of rake-like teeth and a plurality of second rows of
single shaft teeth, and each of the plurality of first rows of
rake-like teeth alternates with each of the plurality of second
rows of single shaft teeth.
9. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the at least two tines
comprises two to six tines.
10. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the at least two tines
comprises three tines.
11. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the at least two tines
comprises four tines.
12. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the at least two tines
comprises five tines.
13. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the beam is curved.
14. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the at least two tines
comprises three or more tines.
15. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the beam is secured to
the outer end of the post at an angle relative to the longitudinal
axis of the core of from 5.degree. to 20.degree..
16. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the beam is secured to
the outer end of the post at an angle relative to the longitudinal
axis of the core of from 10.degree. to 15.degree..
17. The cosmetic package of claim 1 wherein the beam is secured to
the outer end of the post at an angle relative to the longitudinal
axis of the core of 13.81.degree..
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims priority from U.S.
Provisional Application No. 62/186,720, filed Jun. 30, 2015.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention is a cosmetic applicator, more
precisely a molded applicator brush. In particular, the present
invention is directed to a cosmetic applicator brush for the
application of mascara products to eyelashes or brow cosmetic
products to eyebrows.
[0004] Description of the Prior Art
[0005] Molded cosmetic applicator brushes comprising several rows
of fine plastic teeth, tines or bristles are well known. Many of
these molded brushes include rows comprising a plurality of fine
teeth, tines or bristles along the longitudinal axis of the brush
core, the rows arranged radially, in a circular duplication of from
4 to 12 rows around the core. Generally, the profile or the design
of these teeth, tines or bristles is the same along the length of
the brush. Also, these teeth, tines or bristles each have a
circular or semi-circular cross-section which is perpendicular to
the core of the brush. Many of these standard molded brushes have
generally straight teeth.
[0006] A problem with the prior art molded brushes is that a
majority of the cosmetic product loaded on the brush tends to be
accumulated at or close to the core of the brush after the brush is
withdrawn from the product vial through a wiper. Yet, cosmetic
application, particularly to hair and lashes is better accomplished
if the majority of cosmetic product, e.g., mascara or eyebrow
cosmetic, is loaded on the molded applicator at or near the surface
of the brush defined by the free ends of the teeth, tines or
bristles that make up the brush. However, with present applicator
and vial designs, as the applicator is withdrawn from the vial, it
passes through a wiper. The wiper removes excess cosmetic product
near the free ends of the teeth, tines or bristles, i.e., near the
surface of the brush defined by the free ends of the teeth, tines
or bristles, and pushes the remaining product on the applicator
away from the free ends toward the core of the applicator, i.e., at
or near the base of the teeth, tines or bristles. Thus, as a
conventional brush is withdrawn through a wiper, the majority of
cosmetic product, e.g., mascara, is deposited and located near the
core of the brush and not at the tips of the teeth, tines or
bristles of the brush where it would be readily available for
application. It is also known that lashes may not easily penetrate
the surface of the brush to pass between the teeth, tines or
bristles to access the cosmetic product loaded at or near the core
of the brush.
[0007] Accordingly, there is a need for an applicator that retains
and carries more cosmetic product at or near the relative surface
of the applicator, i.e., at or near the free ends of the teeth,
tines or bristles, after passing through the wiper.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] It is an object of the invention to provide a molded
cosmetic applicator brush which carries more cosmetic product at or
near the surface of the applicator, i.e., at or near the free ends
of the teeth, tines or bristle after passing through the vial
wiper.
[0009] It is a further object of this invention to provide a molded
cosmetic applicator brush that loads combs, separates and increases
the volume of cosmetic delivered on the eyelashes.
[0010] It is a further object of this invention to provide an
increased make-up definition and an increased appearance of volume
(a "volumizing effect") for each lash or brow. The "teeth" of this
brush are new and have a unique design.
[0011] A cosmetic package is provided with an applicator brush head
that has rake-like teeth extending from the core of the brush head.
Each tooth has a flexible vertical post extending from the brush
core to a horizontal beam. Several tines extend vertically from the
beam to free ends. When the brush is drawn through a wiper in the
product vial, the flexible vertical post allows the rake teeth to
bend such that the tines pick up cosmetic product deposited at or
near the core of the brush. As the brush head leaves the wiper, the
rake-like teeth return to an upright position carrying the cosmetic
product at or near the free ends of the tines.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 is an front elevation view of a cosmetic package of
the present invention including an applicator illustrated in a
position withdrawn from and above a cosmetic product vial;
[0013] FIG. 2 is a bottom, front and right side perspective view of
a brush head portion of the cosmetic applicator shown in FIG.
1;
[0014] FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the brush head
portion shown in FIG. 2;
[0015] FIGS. 4-6 are right, back and left elevation views of the
brush head portion shown in FIG. 2.
[0016] FIG. 7 is a detail elevation view of a single shaft tooth of
the present invention;
[0017] FIG. 8 is a detail elevation view of a `rake` tooth of the
present invention;
[0018] FIG. 9 is a bottom plan view of the brush head portion shown
in FIG. 2,
[0019] FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the brush head portion shown
in FIG. 2;
[0020] FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view of the brush head
portion being drawn through a wiper in the product vial;
[0021] FIGS. 12-13 are front and left side elevation views of a
second embodiment of the brush head portion of the invention, rear
and right elevation views, respectively, being mirror images
thereof;
[0022] FIG. 14 is a detail elevation view of the rake tooth of the
second embodiment shown in FIGS. 12-13;
[0023] FIG. 15 is a detail elevation view of a rake tooth of a
third embodiment of the invention; and
[0024] FIGS. 16-17 are front and left side elevation views of the
third embodiment of the brush head portion of the invention, rear
and right elevation views, respectively, being mirror images
thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0025] Referring now to FIGS. 1-10, a cosmetic package 1 (FIG. 1)
is shown with a cosmetic applicator 2 in a position withdrawn from
and above a cosmetic product vial 10. The applicator includes a
brush head 4, a stem rod 6 and a handle 8 that also serves as a cap
for the vial 10. The stem rod 6 is connected to and depends from
the handle 8. The stem rod 6 extends from the handle 8 to a support
end 30. The vial 10 has a neck 12 defining an opening 13 into a
product reservoir 17 (see FIG. 11) with a screw thread 14
externally thereon. A wiper 26 is secured in the neck opening 13 of
the neck 12. The wiper 26 has a wiper orifice 28 defining a first
cross-sectional dimension 32. The handle 8 can also serve as a cap
for the vial 10. For this purpose, the handle/cap may be secured to
the neck 12 of the vial 10 by suitable means for securing, such as,
for example, the external screw thread 14 on the neck cooperating
with an internal screw thread 15 in the handle 8.
[0026] Referring now to FIGS. 2-3, the brush head 4 has a core 18
with a proximal end 19 connected and secured to the support end 30
of the stem rod 6. The core 18 extends to a distal end 21. A
longitudinal axis 23 is defined through the core from the proximal
end 19 to the distal end 21. The core 18 has a second
cross-sectional dimension 34 that is less than the first
cross-sectional dimension 32 of the wiper orifice 28 such that a
deposit of cosmetic product remains at or near the core 18 when the
brush head 4 is withdrawn from the product reservoir 17 through the
wiper 26.
[0027] A plurality of rake-like teeth 16 are secured to the core 18
and extend radially therefrom. As shown in FIGS. 2-3 and 8
(illustrating a single tooth of the plurality of teeth), each of
the plurality of rake-like teeth 16 has a single post 20 with an
inner end 25 connected to the core 18, the post 20 extending
radially outwardly from the core 18 in a direction perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis 23 of the core 18 to an outer end 27. A
transverse beam 22 is connected to the outer end 27 of the post 20.
A long axis 45 of the beam 22 is generally perpendicular to the
post 20. At least two tines 24 are connected to the beam 22. Each
tine 24 has a first end 29 connected to the beam 22 and each tine
24 extends generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 23 of
the core to a free end 31. Accordingly, the vertical post 20
supports the generally horizontal transverse beam 22 which in turn
supports the plurality of vertical tines 24. In the first
embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-10, the transverse beam 22 is
slightly angled from a perpendicular position with respect to post
20, or, correspondingly, slightly angled from a parallel position
with the longitudinal axis 23 of the core 18 of brush head 4. The
preferred angle 46 of the beam 22 relative to the longitudinal axis
23 of the core 18 is from 1.degree. to 30.degree., more preferred
from 5.degree. to 20.degree. and most preferred from 10.degree. to
15.degree.. As illustrated in the figures, the angle is
13.81.degree.. However, the beam 22 may also be exactly
perpendicular to the post 20, i.e., exactly parallel with the
longitudinal axis 23 of the core 18 of brush head 4. The beam 22
may be straight or may be curved in any plane (see, for example,
FIG. 15, reference number 222). In the first embodiment
illustrated, five tines 24 are supported on the beam 22. However,
the plurality of tines 24 may include as few as two (2) tines 24 or
more than five (5) tines 24, or any number in between. Preferably,
but not necessarily, the beam 22 may have an average length ranging
from about 1 mm to about 8 mm; more preferably from about 4 mm to
about 5 mm and most preferably from about 2 mm to about 3 mm.
[0028] Preferably, but not necessarily, each post 20 has an average
height ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm. More preferably,
each post 20 has an average height ranging from about 3 mm to about
5 mm and most preferably, each post 20 has an average height
ranging from about 1.5 mm to about 3 mm.
[0029] Preferably, but not necessarily, the tines 24 have an
average height ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, more
preferably from about 2 mm to about 3 mm and most preferably from
about 1 mm to about 1.5 mm.
[0030] The average cross-sectional diameter of the teeth preferably
ranges from about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, more preferably from about
0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, and most preferably from about 0.3 mm to
about 0.9 mm.
[0031] The tines 24 may be straight or curved. The tines 24 may be
perpendicular with respect to the beam 22, i.e., parallel to a long
axis of the post 20. Alternatively, the tines 24 may be angled in
any direction with respect to the beam 22 or post 20.
[0032] The plurality of rake-like teeth 16 define a third
cross-sectional dimension 36 for the brush head that is larger than
the first cross-sectional dimension 32 of the wiper orifice 28. The
post 20 of each of the plurality of the teeth 16 is flexible to
permit the teeth 16 to bend as the brush head 4 is withdrawn from
the product reservoir 17 through the wiper orifice 28 such that the
tines 24 load cosmetic product from that deposited at or near the
core 18 and retains the loaded cosmetic product as the teeth 16
return to an upright position.
[0033] This is illustrated in FIG. 11, a cross-sectional view of
the brush head 4 partially withdrawn through the wiper 26. To
accommodate the passage of the larger diameter brush head 4 through
the smaller diameter of the wiper orifice 28, the posts 20 of the
teeth 16 are provided with a degree of flexibility to allow the
teeth 16 to bend as the brush head 4 passes through the wiper (see
FIG. 11). The teeth 16 bend towards the core 18 as the brush head 4
passes through wiper 26, and return to an upright position after
exiting the wiper 26. The smaller diameter of the orifice 28 of the
wiper 26 removes excess product from the brush head 4 as the
applicator 2 is drawn out of the vial 10, but the orifice 28 is
dimensioned to leave a deposit of cosmetic product at or near the
core 18 of the brush head 4. As noted above, the orifice 28 of the
wiper 26 pushes the teeth 16 toward the core 18 as the brush head
moves through the wiper 26. When the teeth 16 are pushed toward the
core 18, the tines 24 on the beam 22 dip into the cosmetic product
deposited at or near the core 18. The tines 24 pick up a supply of
cosmetic product from the deposit at or near the core 18. As the
teeth 16 return to the upright position by way of plastic memory,
the tines 24 carry this supply of cosmetic product from the core 18
such that cosmetic product in good amount is available near the
surface of the brush, i.e., near the free ends 31 of the tines 24.
In this way, cosmetic product supply is best located for improved
application to lashes or other surfaces.
[0034] The applicator 2, including the core 18 and teeth 16, may be
molded as a unitary body from a suitable plastic material, or the
handle 8, stem rod 6 and brush head 4 may be molded separately of
different materials and assembled by conventional means, such as,
for example, gluing, bonding, press-fit or friction fit, welding,
sonic welding, over-molding, etc. Preferably, the brush head 4 with
rake-like teeth 16 comprising a core 18, post 20, beam 22 and tines
24 is molded as a unitary body from a single material such as, for
example, any suitable plastic material. Preferred materials are,
for example, polymers including silicone elastomers, thermoplastic
elastomers (e.g., styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block
copolymer--SEBS), vinyl elastomers (EVA), thermoplastic polyester
elastomers (e.g., Hytrel.RTM. from DuPont de Nemours),
thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (pelethane.RTM. from Dow
Plastic), Nitrile or EPDM. Hardness of the material is preferably
from about 35 MPa (35 Shore D Hytrel.RTM. from DuPont de Nemours)
to about 1180 MPa (82 Shore D Hytrel.RTM. from DuPont de Nemours).
More preferably, tensile modulus ranges from about 95 MPa (45 Shore
D Hytrel.RTM. from DuPont de Nemours) to about 570 MPa (72 Shore D
Hytrel.RTM. from DuPont de Nemours). Most preferably, tensile
modulus ranges from about 200 MPa (55 Shore D Hytrel.RTM. from
DuPont de Nemours) to about 280 MPa (63 Shore D Hytrel.RTM. from
DuPont de Nemours), i.e., materials compounded to provide a degree
of flexibility to the post 20 of the teeth 16. Alternatively, the
applicator 2 is molded from the plastic material by any suitable
molding means, such as, for example, casting or injection molding.
The resulting cosmetic applicator brush has excellent loading,
combing, separating and volumizing properties when used on the
eyelashes or eyebrows. It provides a high degree of make-up
definition and an increased volumizing effect by delivering larger
quantities of makeup product, such as mascara, to lashes or
brows.
[0035] The brush head 4 may also include a plurality of single
shaft teeth 38 each having a root end 40 secured to the core 18,
and each extending out from the core to a free tip 42. Each of the
plurality of single shaft teeth 38 extends radially from the core
18 between the proximal and distal ends, 19, 21, respectively, of
the core 18 at locations between adjacent ones of the plurality of
rake-like teeth 16. The single shaft teeth 38 may be straight to
wavy as shown. Each of the plurality of rake-like teeth 16 may be
arranged in a first row along the length of the core 18, and each
of the plurality of single shaft teeth 38 may be arranged in a
second row along the length of the core. A plurality of first rows
of rake-like teeth and a plurality of second rows of single shaft
teeth may be provided on the brush head, and each row of the
plurality of first rows of rake-like teeth alternates with a row of
the plurality of second rows of single shaft teeth (see FIGS.
9-10). The rows of single shaft teeth 38 provide improved combing
and doctoring capability to the brush head 4.
[0036] Additional single shaft teeth 44 may be secured to the
distal end 21 of the core 18 and extend outwardly from the distal
end 21. The additional single shaft teeth 44 extend from the distal
end of the core at an angle of from about 0 degrees to about 90
degrees relative to the longitudinal axis 23 of the core 18.
[0037] Referring now to FIGS. 12-14, a second embodiment is
illustrated with a brush head 104 having rake-like teeth 116. The
second embodiment includes rake-like teeth 116 with a single post
120 with an inner end 125 for connected to the core 118. The post
120 extends radially outwardly from the core 118 in a direction
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 123 of the core 118 to an
outer end 127. A transverse beam 122 is connected to the outer end
127 of the post 120. A long axis of the beam 122 is generally
perpendicular to the post 120. Three tines 124 are connected to the
beam 122. Each tine 124 has a first end 129 connected to the beam
122 and each tine 124 extends generally perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis 123 of the core to a free end 131.
[0038] Referring now to FIGS. 15-17, a third embodiment is
illustrated with a brush head 204 having rake-like teeth 216. The
third embodiment includes rake-like teeth 216 with a single post
220 with an inner end 225 for connected to the core 218. The post
220 extends radially outwardly from the core 218 in a direction
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 223 of the core 118 to an
outer end 127. A transverse beam 222 is connected to the outer end
227 of the post 220. A long axis of the beam 222 is generally
perpendicular to the post 220, but the beam 222 is convexly curved
relative to the axis 223. The beam 222 could similarly be concavely
curved (not shown) relative to the axis 223. Five tines 224 are
connected to the beam 222, but the curved beam 222 could support
any suitable number of tines. Each tine 224 has a first end 229
connected to the beam 222 and each tine 224 extends generally
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 223 of the core to a free
end 231.
[0039] The objective of this invention is to load cosmetic product
on the tines 24, 124, 224, and in particular near the free ends 31,
131, 231, of the tines. This is accomplished by providing the
flexibility to the post 20, 120, 220 of the rake-like teeth 16,
116, 216. The beam 22, 122, 222, may be straight or curved in any
plane, and may be symmetric or asymmetric relative to the position
on the outer end 27, 127, 227, of the post 20, 120, 220.
[0040] Adjacent tines 24 on the beam 22 may be the same height from
the first end to the free end or may vary in height along the
length of the beam. For example, in the first and second
embodiment, adjacent tines 24, 124, respectively, vary in height
along the length of the respective beam 22, 122. In the third
embodiment, the five adjacent tines 224 each have the same height
along the length of the beam 222, but as the beam is convexly
curved relative to the axis 223, the free ends 231 of adjacent
tines 224 are at different relative heights with respect to the
core of the brush.
[0041] As noted above, as a conventional brush is withdrawn through
a wiper, the greatest quantity of cosmetic product, e.g., mascara,
is deposited and located near the core of the brush and not at the
tips of the bristles of the brush. It is known that lashes may not
easily penetrate the outer surface of a brush applicator between
the bristles to access the cosmetic product loaded at or near the
core of the brush.
[0042] The present invention overcomes this shortcoming in the
prior art by providing a brush head with rake-like teeth that bend
and scoop up cosmetic product from near the core as the brush is
withdrawn from the vial through the wiper opening. During the
wiping process, i.e., when the brush head 4 is withdrawn through
the wiper 26, the wiper orifice 28 displaces the flexible rake-like
teeth 16 toward the center of the brush, towards the core 18 of the
brush. In the displaced position, the tines 24 of the teeth 16 load
or pickup product from the deposit near the core and carry it to
the surface of the brush as the teeth return to an upright position
by the plastic memory of the underlying material. The cosmetic
loaded at or near the free ends 31 of the tines 24 is more readily
available for delivery and release upon application to, for
example, eyelashes.
[0043] Because the present invention loads a majority of cosmetic
product at or near the free ends of the tines 24, 124, 224, it
provides a high degree of product delivery to lashes and hair,
resulting in a volumizing effect upon delivery. The brush provides
a high loading on the eyelashes and then a high volumizing make-up
result. The rake-like teeth allows loading and delivery of cosmetic
product such as, for example, mascara, that is substantially better
than loading and delivery by conventional teeth, tines or bristles.
Each rake-like tooth 16 acts as a tank or reservoir holding a
supply of cosmetic product to be delivered upon application to
lashes or hair. This applicator can be used for mascara, eyelash or
eyebrow treatment, or for other eyelash or eyebrow products.
[0044] It is understood that various modifications and changes in
the specific form and construction of the various parts can be made
without departing from the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *