U.S. patent application number 15/262971 was filed with the patent office on 2016-12-29 for bolted structural connection systems.
The applicant listed for this patent is DAVIS EBERHART. Invention is credited to DAVIS EBERHART.
Application Number | 20160376811 15/262971 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51296400 |
Filed Date | 2016-12-29 |
View All Diagrams
United States Patent
Application |
20160376811 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
EBERHART; DAVIS |
December 29, 2016 |
BOLTED STRUCTURAL CONNECTION SYSTEMS
Abstract
A connector for securing rail members together to form an
assembled structure. The connector having a plurality of connector
sections, each with a formed area and a brace member extending from
the formed area, configured to be tightened together about the rail
members and inducing a hoop stress in the rail and thereby securing
the rails within the connector.
Inventors: |
EBERHART; DAVIS; (Pala
Cedro, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
EBERHART; DAVIS |
Pala Cedro |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51296400 |
Appl. No.: |
15/262971 |
Filed: |
September 12, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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14175789 |
Feb 7, 2014 |
|
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15262971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
403/171 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B 7/0486 20130101;
Y10T 29/49625 20150115; Y10T 29/49947 20150115; E04B 1/1909
20130101; E04H 1/1205 20130101; E04H 2017/1452 20130101; E04B 1/58
20130101; E04H 2017/1473 20130101; F16B 7/0493 20130101; Y10T
403/7062 20150115; E04B 2001/2421 20130101; F16B 7/044 20130101;
E04H 17/1421 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E04H 17/14 20060101
E04H017/14; E04B 1/19 20060101 E04B001/19; F16B 7/04 20060101
F16B007/04 |
Claims
1. A connector for joining a plurality of rail members, the
connector comprising: a first connector section comprising a first
formed area shaped to substantially match the peripheral shape of
the plurality of rails and a first brace member extending radially
outward from and along the first formed area, the first brace
member having a first brace aperture therethrough; a second
connector section comprising a second formed area shaped to
substantially match the peripheral shape of the plurality of rails
and a second brace member extending radially outward from and along
the second formed area, the second brace member having a second
brace aperture therethrough; the first brace aperture alignable
with the second brace aperture; the connector configured to receive
a rail member movable within the first formed area and the second
formed area, both rotationally and linearly; and the first brace
aperture and the second brace aperture configured to receive a
fastener, whereby when the fastener is tightened a hoop stress is
induced from the first and second formed areas about the plurality
of rail members sufficient to resist movement of the plurality of
rail members both linearly and rotationally.
2. The connector of claim 1, further comprising a third connector
section comprising a third formed area shaped to substantially
match the peripheral shape of the plurality of rails and a third
brace member extending radially outward from and along the third
formed area, the third brace member having a third brace aperture
therethrough; whereby the third brace aperture is alignable with at
least one of the first brace aperture and the second brace
aperture.
3. The connector of claim 2, further comprising a fourth connector
section comprising a fourth formed area shaped to substantially
match the peripheral shape of the plurality of rails and a fourth
brace member extending radially outward from and along the fourth
formed area, the fourth brace member having a fourth brace aperture
therethrough; whereby the fourth brace aperture is alignable with
at least one of the first brace aperture, the second brace
aperture, and the third brace aperture.
4. The connector of claim 1, wherein a first flange member extends
substantially perpendicular from the first brace member.
5. The connector of claim 1, wherein a second flange member extends
substantially perpendicular from the second brace member.
6. The connector of claim 2, wherein a third flange member extends
substantially perpendicular from the third brace member.
7. The connector of claim 3, wherein a fourth flange member extends
substantially perpendicular from the fourth brace member.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a continuation application of co-pending U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/175,789, filed 7 Feb. 2014, which claims
the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.
61/762,587, filed 8 Feb. 2013, and entitled "Bolted Structural
Connection Systems."
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to connectors for paneling,
fences, buildings and more particularly to connectors for quickly
erecting and building permanent/non-permanent fences and
structures.
[0003] Prior art joints and connectors have been well known and
have been used in construction projects. Examples of such
structures include fences, barriers, and frames for buildings, such
as barns or storage sheds. Generally, the connectors are designed
for quickly and easily building such structures. However, the prior
art connectors have shortcomings, such as being overly cumbersome,
having a complicated connection system, or lacking sufficient
strength required for permanent structures.
[0004] For example, FIG. 1 shows a prior art connector used for
connecting temporary fencings structures. While this type of
connector can be used to quickly erect a temporary fence, it does
not provide a solid connection for a permanent fencing structure.
In general, prior art connectors tend not to be able to
sufficiently provide resistance against forces, including moment
resistance, linear/translational, and friction forces, that act on
the joint or connector when the fence or structure is erected. That
is, when a fence or building is erected, the forces act on the
connector in opposing manners such that the connector does not
adequately provide a stable structure.
[0005] Ideal joints or connectors to overcome these issues are
metal joints that are welded joints, e.g. metal welded joints.
However, welded joints are not quickly and simply capable of
erecting a structure, as they do, in fact, require welding for
proper fastening.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention provides connectors and systems for
joining together various sections of railing, piping, or similar
materials. The connectors are capable of simulating welded joints,
yet allow for quick construction of a structure.
[0007] Moreover, the present invention provides resistance to
moments in specific axis' and translation forces between
rail-to-rail and rail-to-connector connections to cover all six
degrees of freedom. It further reduces extraneous costs for
additional bracing because it is capable of resisting forces in all
six degrees of freedom without requiring any welding performed by
expensive skilled labor.
[0008] One aspect of the invention provides a connector for joining
a plurality of rail members, the connector has a first connector
section with a first formed area shaped to substantially match the
peripheral shape of the plurality of rails and a first brace member
extending radially outward from and along the first formed area,
the first brace member having a first brace aperture therethrough,
a second connector section with a second formed area shaped to
substantially match the peripheral shape of the plurality of rails
and a second brace member extending radially outward from and along
the second formed area, the second brace member having a second
brace aperture therethrough, the first brace aperture alignable
with the second brace aperture; the connector configured to receive
a rail member movable within the first formed area and the second
formed area, both rotationally and linearly; and the first brace
aperture and the second brace aperture configured to receive a
fastener, whereby when the fastener is tightened a hoop stress is
induced from the first and second formed areas about the plurality
of rail members sufficient to resist movement of the plurality of
rail members both linearly and rotationally.
[0009] The connector may have a third connector section with a
third formed area shaped to substantially match the peripheral
shape of the plurality of rails and a third brace member extending
radially outward from and along the third formed area, the third
brace member having a third brace aperture therethrough; whereby
the third brace aperture is alignable with at least one of the
first brace aperture and the second brace aperture.
[0010] The connector may have a fourth connector section with a
fourth formed area shaped to substantially match the peripheral
shape of the plurality of rails and a fourth brace member extending
radially outward from and along the fourth formed area, the fourth
brace member having a fourth brace aperture therethrough; whereby
the fourth brace aperture is alignable with at least one of the
first brace aperture, the second brace aperture, and the third
brace aperture.
[0011] The connector may have a first flange member extending
substantially perpendicular from the first brace member, a second
flange member extending substantially perpendicular from the second
brace member, a third flange member extending substantially
perpendicular from the third brace member and/or wherein a fourth
flange member extending substantially perpendicular from the fourth
brace member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art connector.
[0013] FIG. 2A demonstrates an embodiment of a connector according
to the present invention.
[0014] FIG. 2B is another embodiment of the connector shown in FIG.
2A according to the present invention.
[0015] FIGS. 3A-3C demonstrate a third embodiment of a connector
according to the present invention comprising a plurality of
members.
[0016] FIGS. 4A-4C demonstrate a fourth embodiment of a connector
according to the present invention comprising a plurality of
members.
[0017] FIG. 5A is an exploded view of a fifth embodiment of a
connector according to the present invention comprising a plurality
of members.
[0018] FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the connector of FIG.
5A.
[0019] FIG. 6A is an exploded view of a sixth embodiment of a
connector according to the present invention.
[0020] FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the connector of FIG.
6A.
[0021] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a one-quarter member
according to the present invention.
[0022] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a biaxial member according
to the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a three-quarter member
according to the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of a
connector according to the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an eighth embodiment of a
connector according to the present invention.
[0026] FIGS. 12A-12B demonstrate perspective views of a ninth
embodiment of a connector according to the present invention.
[0027] FIG. 13 demonstrates a perspective view of a tenth
embodiment of a connector according to the present invention.
[0028] FIG. 14 demonstrates a perspective view of an eleventh
embodiment of a connector according to the present invention.
[0029] FIG. 15 demonstrates perspective views of a twelfth
embodiment of a connector according to the present invention.
[0030] FIG. 16A is an exploded view of a thirteenth embodiment of a
connector according to the present invention.
[0031] FIG. 16B is a further exploded view of a rotatable connector
according to the present invention, incorporating the connector of
FIG. 16A.
[0032] FIG. 17 illustrates a fourteenth embodiment of a connector
according to the present invention.
[0033] FIG. 18 illustrates a fifteenth embodiment of a connector
according to the present invention.
[0034] FIGS. 19-24 illustrate construction of a structure according
to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0035] Although the disclosure hereof is detailed and exact to
enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the
physical embodiments herein disclosed merely exemplify the
invention which may be embodied in other specific structures. While
the preferred embodiment has been described, the details may be
changed without departing from the invention.
[0036] As noted above, FIG. 1 shows a prior art connector 10 that
is used for connecting piping or tubing for erecting temporary
fences and structures. The connector 10 allows for the insertion of
rails or similar device (see FIG. 21 for an example of a rail) to
form a fence or frame. The connector 10 can be used for simple
constructions, which do not have large forces acting upon them.
Likewise, the connector 10 will be able to secure the fence or
frame in place, but would need additional fasteners if the
connector 10 was to be used to provide stability to a more
permanent structure.
[0037] An embodiment of a connector 100 according to the present
invention that allows for quick, sturdy erection of fences, frames,
buildings, and similar structures is shown in FIG. 2A. It has a
terminal channel 110, having a rail receiving end 112, and a
through channel 120, having a first receiving end 122 and a second
receiving end 124. Rails (not shown) may be inserted into the
channels 110 and 120 and may be limited in insertion depth due to
abutment with the connector itself or other inserted rails. The
connector 100 is capable of receiving three rails, one in each
receiving end (112, 122, and 124), or two rails wherein one of the
rails is positioned through the through channel 120 as shown in
FIG. 21. For explanatory purposes, the channels in the embodiments
disclosed herewithin are shown having a circular cross-section;
however, it should be noted that the invention is not intended to
be limited to only having channels of circular cross-sections.
[0038] Other channel cross sections include, but are not limited
to; square, rectangular, elliptical, I-beam, and angle channel to
name a few. A connector 100 according to the present invention with
channels of a rectangular cross-section is shown in FIG. 2B. It is
also within the scope of the present invention to provide
connectors with channels of more than one cross-section shape. As a
non-limiting example, a connector may have one receiving end having
a circular cross-section and another receiving end having a square
cross-section. However, for the sake of simplifying the disclosure
of the present invention, the embodiments will be described with
respect to channels having a circular cross-section.
[0039] Additionally, the connectors according to the present
invention may comprise any metals, composite materials, or polymers
having the preferred characteristics as disclosed herein.
[0040] Still referring to the connector 100 in FIG. 2A, each
channel 110 and 120 has a non-continuous periphery defining a gap G
which further defines a first section 130 and a second section 140
of the connector 100. The gap G promotes ease of rail installation
as it provides receiving ends 112, 122, and 124 having a greater
diameter than the inserted rail, and also promotes rail security by
permitting the channels 110 and 120 to be tightened around the
inserted rail (as discussed further below). Furthermore, first
section planar corner braces 150 extend between the receiving end
112 of the terminal channel 110 to the adjacent respective
receiving end 122 or 124 of the through channel 120, and extend
back to where the terminal channel 110 and the through channel 120
intersect. Additionally, second section planar corner braces 160
extend between the receiving end 112 of the terminal channel 110 to
the adjacent respective receiving end 122 or 124 of the through
channel 120, and extend back to where the terminal channel 110 and
the through channel 120 intersect.
[0041] Each corner brace 150 and 160 has a flange 154 and 164,
respectively, wherein the first section corner brace flange 154 is
positioned to the inside of the second section corner brace flange
164. This relationship between the flanges 154 and 164,
substantially prohibits any translational or rotational movement of
the first section 130 relative to the second section 140 along the
Z-axis and about the X-axis respectively.
[0042] Additionally, the flanges 154 and 164 provide added strength
to the braces 150 and 160, respectively, and thereby limit
distortion of the brace when tightened. Therefore, the flanges may
be bent in any direction or fashion known and still be within the
purview of the present invention.
[0043] Furthermore, the corner braces 150 each have an opening 158
which is in alignment with the openings 168 (hidden) of the
opposing corner braces 160. The arrangement allows for fasteners
20, e.g. nuts and bolts (shown in FIG. 21), to be inserted through
the openings 156 and 166 and tightened to provide further
reinforcement of the rails (see FIG. 21) and additional stability
to a structure (see FIG. 24).
[0044] In addition, as stated previously, the corner braces 150 and
160 exhibit limited deflection when fasteners 20 (see FIG. 21) are
tightened, providing a lock-washer-like action. For example, when
the connector 100 is tightened, the flanges 154 of the corner
braces 150 will may contact with the opposite corner braces 160,
thus creating a space (hidden) between the corner braces 150 and
160. Therefore, during tightening of the fasteners 20, the corner
braces 150 and 160 deflect towards one another. Due to the natural
desire of the material comprising the corner braces 150 and 160
wanting to retain its original shape, a force is imposed against
the fasteners 20, more specifically between the threads of a bolt
22 and a nut 24 (see FIG. 21), In the opposite direction of
tightening thus inhibiting loosening of the fasteners 20 (see FIG.
21), much the same way as a lock-washer would. Moreover, tightening
of the fasteners 20 also creates substantial clamping force which
induces a hoop stress and/or a bending, torsional, and tensile
stress in the connector as the connector channels are secured,
thereby providing an even more secure connection of the rails. It
should also be noted that channels 110 and 120, although shown in
FIG. 2A as being at a 90 degree orientation with respect to each
other, it is conceivable that the orientation with respect to each
other could be less than 90 degrees such as 60 degrees or 45
degrees to name a few. In addition, each brace 150 and 160 has been
designed to improve moment resistance about the X-axis.
[0045] Another embodiment of a connector 200 according to the
present invention is shown in FIG. 3A. The structure generally
comprises a first section 210 and a second section 220, shown in
FIGS. 3B and 3C, respectively. Each of the sections 210 and 220 has
one half of an interfacing clasp, 212 and 222, at their respective
top sides. The sections 210 and 220 may be fit together by engaging
the clasps 212 and 222 together to form the overall connector 200
of FIG. 3A. It should be understood that reference to the top of
the connector 200 is for reference only and should not limit the
connector 200 to any spatial arrangement.
[0046] The connector 200 provides a first channel 230, a second
channel 240, and a third channel 250 for receiving three different
rails (not shown) for use in constructing a frame structure.
Furthermore, the channels 230, 240, and 250 have receiving ends
232, 242, and 252, respectively, for receiving the rails. The
inserted rails may be limited in insertion depth due to abutment
with the connector itseif or other inserted rails.
[0047] Referring further to FIGS. 3A-3C, the connector 200 also
comprises planar corner braces 260 and 270, which are substantially
similar to the corner braces 150 and 160 of the embodiment shown in
FIG. 2A. Each corner brace 260 and 270 has a flange 264 and 274,
respectively, wherein the first section corner brace flange 264 is
positioned to the inside of the second section corner brace flange
274 when assembled. This relationship between the flanges 264 and
274 substantially prohibits any translational movement of the first
section 210 relative to the second section 220.
[0048] Additionally, each of the braces 260 and 270 has an opening
268 and 278, respectively, which aligns with the opening of the
opposing brace when assembled. As mentioned above in the
description of the connector 100 in FIG. 2A, the arrangement allows
for further fasteners 20, e.g. nuts 24 and bolts 22, (see FIG. 21)
to be inserted through the openings to provide a second level of
connectivity for further reinforcement of the rails (see FIG. 21)
and additional stability to a structure (see FIG. 24).
[0049] Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, the first
channel 230 is not axially aligned with the second channel 240.
This arrangement may be preferred when building a structure in
which 90 degree wall corners are not desired; however, this
embodiment should not be viewed as limiting. A connector having a
first channel and a second channel aligned axially is also within
the scope of this invention.
[0050] Additionally, another embodiment as shown in FIGS. 4A-4C is
a connector 280 having a first section 282, forming an interior
corner member, and a second section 284, forming an exterior corner
member. When combined, they create a corner connector having a
first channel 286 perpendicular to a second channel 288, but
otherwise having the same features as that of the embodiment in
FIGS. 3A-3C. Therefore, it is within the purview of the current
invention to have a connector employing the aforementioned features
such as the clasps (212 and 222 as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C) and the
corner braces (260 and 270 as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C) wherein a
first channel is disposed from a second channel at any angle from
90 to 180 degrees. It is also conceivable for the angle to be less
than 90 degrees.
[0051] Another embodiment 700 of a connector according to the
present invention is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. As shown in FIG. 5A,
an obtuse member 710, having a first half 712 and a second half
716, incorporates a male clasp 714 at the top of the first half 712
and a female clasp 718 at the top of the second half 716. These
types of clasps are sometimes referred to as over/under clasps.
Additionally, at the bottom of the member 710 there is a brace 720
extending through the first half 712 and continuing through the
second half 716. The brace 720 has at least one hole 722 located in
each of the first half 712 and the second half 716 for inserting
fasteners 20. Furthermore, at the bottom of the brace 720 on the
first half 712, the brace 720 has an internal flange 724, and at
the bottom of the brace 720 on the second half 716, the brace 720
has an external flange 726. The connector 700 is formed by joining
two of the obtuse members 710 together, with the male clasp 714 of
the first half 712 of one obtuse member 710 mating with the female
clasp 718 of the second half 716 of an opposing obtuse member.
Moreover, the internal flange 724 of the first half 712 of one of
the obtuse members 710 is positioned to the inside of the external
flange 726 of the second half 716 of the opposing obtuse member,
much in the same way as other embodiments described above.
Fasteners 20 may be used to further secure the connector 700.
[0052] The connector 700 as depicted is capable of securing two
rails (not shown) at an obtuse angle relative to one another. It is
within the purview of the present invention to secure two rails in
any angle from 90 to 180 degrees relative to one another, with
members having the same interfacing means as shown and described.
It is also conceivable for the angle to be less than 90 degrees.
For example, the connector 730 in FIG. 6B, comprised of two
interfacing right-angle members 732 (shown in FIG. 6A),
demonstrates a connector according to the present invention that is
capable of securing two rails at a 90 degree angle relative to one
another and using the same interfacing means as connector 700.
[0053] Additionally, it should be understood that reference to the
top and the bottom of any member herein described is for reference
only and should not limit it to any specific spatial arrangement.
Additionally, the location of the male clasp 714, the female clasp
718, the external flange 726, and the internal flange 724 should
not be considered limited as to their locations by this
description. Any arrangement which allows these elements to mate
with their respective counterpart as described should be considered
within the scope of the present invention.
[0054] FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a component 300 (hereinafter
the "one-quarter member"). The one-quarter member 300 has two
semicircular areas 310 and 320 along the X-axis and Z-axis,
respectively, and one quarter-circular area 330 along the Y-axis.
The one-quarter member 300 also utilizes planar corner braces 340
located between each semicircular area 310 and 320 and the
quarter-circular area 330. Wherein each corner brace 340 has a hole
350 for a fastener 20 (see FIG. 21). Furthermore, the corner braces
340 either have an internal flange 342 or an external flange 344.
Although the illustration shows the corner braces with internal
flanges 342 and external flanges 344 in certain locations, this
should not be viewed as limiting.
[0055] FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of another component 400
(hereinafter the "biaxial member") according to the present
invention. The biaxial member 400 has four semicircular areas 410,
420, 430, and 440, wherein two (410 and 430) are oppositely
disposed along the X-axis and two (420 and 440) are oppositely
disposed along the Z-axis. The biaxial member 400 also has four
planar corner braces 450 positioned between the semicircular areas
410, 420, 430, and 440 substantially similar to the corner braces
discussed supra. Each corner brace 450 has either an internal
flange 452 or an external flange 454 similar to the flanges
discussed above. Each corner brace 450 has a hole 460 for the
insertion of a fastener 20 (see FIG. 23B). The illustration as
depicted in FIG. 8 should not be viewed as limiting in regards to
the location of the internal flanges 452 and external flanges 454;
they may be adjacent as well as opposite one another. Component 400
is designed in such a way that it can be used as shown in FIGS. 12A
and 12B in combination with two one-quarter members 300 or it can
be used by utilizing two component 400s as shown in FIG. 11
(discussed in more detail below). The external flanges 454 fit over
the internal flanges 452 as disclosed in embodiments discussed
above.
[0056] FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of another component 500
(hereinafter the "three-quarter member"). The three-quarter member
500 has two semicircular areas 510 and 520 along the X-axis and
Z-axis, respectively, and one three-quarter-circular area 530 along
the Y-axis. The three-quarter member 500 also utilizes planar
corner braces 540 extending between the semicircular areas 510 and
520 and the three-quarter-circular area 530, each having an opening
550 for a bolt 22 (see FIG. 23C). Wherein the corner braces 540
either have an internal flange 542 or an external flange 544.
Although the illustration shows the corner braces with internal
flanges 542 and external flanges 544 in certain locations, this
should not be viewed as limiting.
[0057] Additionally it is further contemplated that the above
disclosed components of FIGS. 7-9 may be designed to create rail
channels having different orientations with respect to each other
depending on the specific requirements of the connector. For
example, when constructing a building it may be preferable to have
connectors having channels designed at right angles; however, when
constructing iivestock fences for instance, it may be preferable to
have rails that form obtuse angles so that the structure is not
square or rectangular in shape, in which case it would be more
advantageous to use connectors having rail channels similar in
orientation to those of the connector shown in FIG. 3A.
[0058] Furthermore, the component members of FIGS. 7-9 may be
assembled to create connectors of varying capacities as shown in
FIGS. 10-13. Additionally, these connectors may be used in
combination with rails to create a structure as further described
below and shown in FIGS. 19-24. However, the use of the connectors
should not be considered limited to the type of structure shown.
Other uses include, but are not limited to, fences, corrals,
shelving, decking, construction building blocks, industrial
building blocks, freeway/transportation systems, and play
structures.
[0059] Moreover, the present invention provides resistance to
moment and translation forces between rail-to-rail and
rail-to-connector connections to cover all six degrees of freedom.
Looking to FIG. 10, the six degrees of freedom consist of three
moments around the x, y and z axes (Mx, My, and Mz) and three
translations along the x, y and z axes (Rx, Ry, and Rz).
[0060] In order to adequately resist the aforementioned forces, the
rail connector members must fit tightly to the rail. The present
invention contains bolted clamp features (comprising corner braces,
flanges, and fasteners) positioned to provide equally displaced
force on the outside of the rails. As a connector is tightened, the
mechanical advantage of the fastener and the positioning of the
flanges allow the connector to pull tight, generating large hoop
stresses and providing resistance to translation and/or moment
forces in all six degrees of freedom. Additionally, because the
channels of the connectors are long compared to the rail diameter,
the connectors provide an advantageous aspect ratio and the
corresponding line contacts are long, promoting overall joint
stability.
[0061] Still looking at FIG. 10 wherein a corner connector 600 is
shown. The corner connector 600 combines a one-quarter member 300
with a three-quarter member 500 to form a connector 600 having a
terminal channel 602 along the X-axis, a terminal channel 606 along
the Z-axis, and a through channel 610 along the Y-axis. Terminal
channels 602 and 606 each have a receiving end 604 and 608,
respectively, for inserting rails (see FIG. 23C). The through
channel 610 has a first receiving end 612 and a second receiving
end 614. Inserted rails are limited in insertion depth due to
abutment with the connector itself or other inserted rails. It is
conceived that the through channel 610 may house one continuous
rail therethrough or two conjoining rails, wherein one rail is
inserted in the first receiving end 612 and the other rail is
inserted in the second receiving end 614.
[0062] FIG. 11 depicts a four-way connector 620 which is a
combination of two biaxial members 400 (shown in FIG. 8). The
four-way connector 620 provides a through channel 622 along the
X-axis and a through channel 630 along the Y-axis. The X-axis
through channel 622 has a first receiving end 624 and a second
receiving end 626. Additionally, the Y-axis through channel 630 has
a first receiving end 632 and a second receiving end 634. Inserted
rails are limited in insertion depth due to abutment with the
connector itself or with other inserted rails. It should be
understood that either one of the two channels 622 or 630 may house
a continuous rail while the other houses two conjoining rails, or,
in the alternative, both channels 622 and 630 may each house two
conjoining rails.
[0063] FIGS. 12A and 12B show a five-way connector 640. The
five-way connector 640 is a combination of one biaxial member 400
and two one-quarter members 300. It has a through channel 642 along
the X-axis, having a first receiving end 644 and a second receiving
end 646; a through channel 648 along the Y-axis, having a first
receiving end 650 and a second receiving end 652; and a terminal
channel 654 along the Z-axis having a receiving end 656. All of the
channels 642, 648, and 654 are capable of receiving a rail (not
shown). Inserted rails may be limited in insertion depth due to
abutment with the connector itself or with other inserted rails. It
is conceived that either one of the two through channels 642 or 648
may house a continuous rail while the other through channel houses
two conjoining rails. In the alternative, it is also possible for
both through channels 642 and 648 to house two conjoining rails
each.
[0064] Moving now to FIG. 13, In which a six-way connector 660 is
depicted. The six-way connector 660 is a combination of four
one-quarter members 300 and provides a through channel 662 along
the X-axis having a first receiving end 664 and a second receiving
end 666; a through channel 668 along the Y-axis having a first
receiving end 670 and a second receiving end 672; and a through
channel 674 along the Z-axis having a first receiving end 676 and a
second receiving end 678. All of the channels are capable of
receiving a rail (not shown). Inserted rails may be limited in
insertion depth due to abutment with the connector itself or with
other inserted rails. It is conceived that any one of the three
through channels 662, 668, or 674 may house a continuous rail while
the other through channels house two conjoining rails,
respectively. In the alternative, it is also possible for all three
channels 662, 668, and 674 to house two conjoining rails each.
[0065] FIG. 14 shows a uniaxial connector 680. The uniaxial
connector 680 has a first receiving end 682 and a second receiving
end 684. It may be used to conjoin two rails (not shown) along the
same axis and employs the same brace and internal/external flange
relationship as disclosed above with its internal flange 686 and
external flange 688 creating a clamping stress in the connector as
the connector 680 is secured against the rails with fasteners (not
shown) inserted and tightened in holes 690 and 692.
[0066] Further illustrated in FIG. 15 is another embodiment
according to the present invention. Angle connector 800 has a
through channel 802 along the X-axis having a first receiving end
804 and a second receiving end 806. Angled terminal channel 810,
having a receiving end 812, extends at angle .theta. from the
through channel 802. Additionally, there is an obtuse angle brace
with internal flange 820 with holes 822 which interfaces with an
obtuse angle brace with external flange 824 with holes 826.
Moreover, the angle connector 800 has an acute angle brace with
internal flange 830 with hole 832 which interfaces with an acute
angle brace with external flange 834 with hole 836. As described
before, fasteners (not shown) may be inserted through holes 822,
826, 832, and 836 and tightened to create a clamping stress in the
connector.
[0067] FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate another embodiment of the
present invention in which a swivel connector 900 provides infinite
swivel adjustment between two rails (not shown) incorporating the
over/under clasp as described above for connector 700; however, any
clasp herein described or equivalent may be employed.
[0068] FIG. 16A illustrates one of the two securing members 910 of
the swivel connector 900. The securing member 910 has an outer
element 912 having a circular profile as to fit around a rail (not
shown) and a swivel element 920. On one end of the outer element
912 is a male clasp 914, and on the other end is a flange 916
having at least one hole 918 for a fastener 20. The swivel element
920 has a relatively flat profile. It has a female clasp 922 on one
end and a flange 924 having at least one hole 926 on the other end
for a fastener 20. The outer element 912 attaches to the swivel
element 920 through the mating of the male clasp 914 and the female
clasp 922, and insertion and tightening of a fastener 20 through
the holes 918 and 926. In the alternative, the outer element 912
may have a female clasp and the swivel element 920 may have a male
clasp.
[0069] Additionally, the swivel element 920 has an opening 928 in a
base portion 930 for the placement of a hub 932. The hub 932
provides both a connection point and a swivel point between two
mating securing members 910, thus providing a connector 900 which
provides infinite swivel. Tightening of the fasteners 20 not only
secures the rails (not shown) into their respective securing member
910 but also applies pressure to the hub 932, thereby prohibiting
rotation of the securing members 910.
[0070] The hub may be comprised of material which provides both
strength and the ability to rotate the securing members 910
relative to one another. One such material is 1008 cold rolled
steel; however, other metals or composite materials having the
preferred characteristics are also within the scope of the present
invention.
[0071] Now looking to FIG. 17 in which pivot connector 940
according to the present invention is shown. The pivot connector
940 has a channel member 942 pivotally mounted to a collar member
958. The channel member 942 has a channel 944 and a first brace 946
and a second brace 950 facing the first brace 946, each extending
along the channel 944 and continuing around the back 952 of the
channel 944. The first brace 946 is shown with a flange 948
extending perpendicular to the first brace 946 and in the direction
of the second brace 950. Additionally, both the first brace 946 and
the second brace 950 have holes or apertures 954 therethrough which
may receive fasteners 20 (as shown in FIG. 16A). Furthermore, the
portions of the first and second braces 946 and 950 at the back 952
of the channel 944 each comprise a curved track 956 having
approximately a 45.degree. bend.
[0072] Further, the collar member 958 comprises a band 960 and two
pivot members 962. Each pivot member 962 comprises a curved track
964 which is alignable with the channel member curved track 956.
The pivot member curved track 964 also has a curve covering
approximately a 45.degree. bend. Therefore, the channel member 942
is capable of rotating a total of approximately 90.degree. relative
to the collar member 958.
[0073] Moreover, a fastener 20 (as shown in FIG. 16A) may be
received through the curved tracks, 956 and 964, and tightened to
secure the preferred position of the channel member 942 relative to
the collar member 958, and further providing additional clamping
stress in the connector to secure the rails 34, 36, 38 (as shown in
FIG. 23A).
[0074] FIG. 18 illustrates a base member 980 according to the
present invention. The base member 980 comprises a base plate 982
and a channel 986. The base plate 982 is positioned on one end of
the channel 986 and extends radially substantially about the
periphery of the channel 986. The base plate 980 further comprises
apertures 984 to receive fasteners 20 (not shown here) which may be
used to secure the base member 980 to a surface 30 (shown in FIG.
22).
[0075] The channel 986 comprises a first brace 988 and a second
brace 994 facing the first brace 988, both extending radially
outward from and along the channel 986. As shown here, each brace
988 and 994 comprise a flange 990 and 996, respectively. The
flanges 990 and 996 extend perpendicular to the respective braces
990 and 996 and in the direction of the other brace 988 or 994.
Additionally, the first brace 988 and the second brace 994 comprise
apertures 992 to receive fasteners 20 (as shown in FIG. 16A).
[0076] Further, a gap G extends between the first brace 988 and the
second brace 994 and through the base plate 982. The gap 998
further permits the base plate 982 to conform to the shape of a
rail 36, 38 or an upstanding pole 34 (see FIG. 23A) as the
fasteners 20 (as shown in FIG. 16A) are tightened.
[0077] As shown, the present invention provides a connector that
can have various designs and arrangements to receive varying
numbers of rails at varying angles. The connectors help to provide
resistance to moment forces and provide resistance to translation
forces between the rails as well as between the rails and the
connectors by inducing clamping stress in the connector. This
provides a more structurally sound arrangement compared to prior
art devices.
[0078] FIGS. 19-24 illustrate use of the aforementioned connectors
in the construction of a structure. FIG. 20 shows a surface 30 for
constructing a building 40 (shown completed in FIG. 24) using
connectors of the present invention. Holes 32 are placed in a
surface 30 at predetermined distances apart for placement of
upstanding poles 34, as shown in FIG. 20. In the alternative, the
base connector 980 may be secured to the surface 30 in any manner
known in the art and the upstanding poles may be received within
the base connector channel 986. Once the upstanding poles 34 are in
position, horizontal rails 36 can be placed upon the upstanding
poles 34, as shown in FIG. 22. The horizontal rails 36 are used as
the frame for an eventual roof structure 42 (shown in FIG. 24).
[0079] The horizontal rails 36 are affixed with a connector 100
designed according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 21.
The horizontal rails 36 are inserted through the through channel
120 within each of the connectors 100, and the terminal channels
110 of the connectors 100 are placed upon the upstanding poles 34.
The connectors 100 can then be clamped with further securing means
20, e.g. nuts 24 and carriage bolts 22. Upon securing the
connectors together, large forces and clamping stresses are
produced providing a very secure joint. In a similar way the joint
is also secured from sliding or turning in all degrees of
freedom.
[0080] FIG. 23A shows the addition of further rails 38 to the
structure 40, with the additional rails 38 being used as sidewall
structures. The rails 38 are attached similarly as previously
described, with the rails 38 being inserted into a respective
channel located in the connector. For instance, FIG. 23B
illustrates the use of a four-way connector 620 and FIG. 23C
depicts the use of a corner connector 600. Furthermore, once the
rails 34, 36, and 38 are situated as desired, the connectors may be
tightened with the fastening means 20.
[0081] After the frame has been constructed, the building may be
finished by attaching siding 44 to the walls and the roof, as shown
in FIG. 24.
[0082] It is fully conceivable that after a structure 40 has been
erected, changes or additions may be needed. The component designs
of the present invention fully allow for this. For instance, it may
be desired to add on to the structure 40 of FIG. 24 by adding
another structure wherein the two structures share a common wall.
Looking to FIGS. 21B and 21C for easier explanation, if it is
desired to have two structures sharing a common wall one would
remove the three-quarter members 500 from the corner connectors 600
at the back of the structure 40 by removing the fastening means 20,
then install a biaxial member 400 and another one-quarter member
300 to create a five-way connector 640. And it is further conceived
that a six-way connector 660 may be used at this joint if it is
desired to add another wall extending from the rear of the
structure 40. During this procedure, external structural support
(not shown) may be needed to maintain structural integrity.
[0083] As is evident by the various connectors that are
incorporated within the scope of the present invention, the
structures that the connectors can be used with include numerous
designs of buildings, as well as fencing structures, and other
upstanding structures. For example, the connectors, along with the
corresponding rail system could be used for livestock fencing.
[0084] The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the
principles of the invention. Furthermore, since numerous
modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in
the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact
construction and operation shown and described. While the preferred
embodiment has been described, the details may be changed without
departing from the invention.
* * * * *