U.S. patent application number 15/259105 was filed with the patent office on 2016-12-29 for hepmc.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Andre CHIEFFI, Jiten Odhavji DIHORA, Julian David MARTIN, Johan SMETS.
Application Number | 20160376535 15/259105 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43531260 |
Filed Date | 2016-12-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160376535 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
CHIEFFI; Andre ; et
al. |
December 29, 2016 |
HEPMC
Abstract
The present application relates to high efficiency particles and
compositions, such as consumer products, comprising such high
efficiency particles as well as processes for making and using such
high efficiency particles and compositions comprising such high
efficiency particles. Such high efficiency particles and
compositions provide enhanced benefit agent delivery to a situs
that is treated with such high efficiency particles and
compositions.
Inventors: |
CHIEFFI; Andre; (Tynemouth,
GB) ; MARTIN; Julian David; (Newcastle upon Tyne,
GB) ; SMETS; Johan; (Lubbeek, BE) ; DIHORA;
Jiten Odhavji; (Liberty Township, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Procter & Gamble Company |
Cincinnati |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
43531260 |
Appl. No.: |
15/259105 |
Filed: |
September 8, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14660995 |
Mar 18, 2015 |
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15259105 |
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12939721 |
Nov 4, 2010 |
9011887 |
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14660995 |
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61258900 |
Nov 6, 2009 |
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61258874 |
Nov 6, 2009 |
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61311928 |
Mar 9, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/276 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 1/12 20130101; C11D
11/0017 20130101; B01J 13/22 20130101; A23L 27/72 20160801; B01J
13/06 20130101; C11D 3/3703 20130101; A61K 8/8152 20130101; A61Q
5/02 20130101; A61K 8/731 20130101; A61K 8/11 20130101; C11D 3/505
20130101; C11D 3/225 20130101; C11D 17/06 20130101; A01N 25/28
20130101; A23P 10/30 20160801; A61K 8/585 20130101; A61K 8/8147
20130101; C11B 9/0023 20130101; C11D 3/001 20130101; C11D 3/373
20130101; A61K 2800/412 20130101; C11D 3/2044 20130101; A61Q 19/00
20130101; C09B 67/0097 20130101; C11D 17/0039 20130101; C11D 1/29
20130101; A61P 31/04 20180101; C11B 9/00 20130101; C11D 3/3723
20130101 |
International
Class: |
C11D 17/00 20060101
C11D017/00; C11B 9/00 20060101 C11B009/00; C11D 3/37 20060101
C11D003/37; C11D 3/22 20060101 C11D003/22; C11D 3/50 20060101
C11D003/50; C11D 11/00 20060101 C11D011/00 |
Claims
1. An encapsulate comprising a core, a shell having an inner and
outer surface and a coating, said shell encapsulating said core,
said coating coating the outer surface of said shell, said coating
comprising a cationic polymer and an anionic polymer.
2. The encapsulate of claim 1, wherein: a) said cationic polymer
comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of a
quaternary ammonium, a protonated primary amine, a protonated
secondary amine, a protonated tertiary amine and combinations
thereof; and b) said anionic polymer comprising a moiety selected
from the group consisting of an unprotonated carboxylic group, an
unprotonated alcohol group, an unprotonated thiol group, an
unprotonated primary amine, an unprotonated secondary amine and
combinations thereof.
3. The encapsulate of claim 1, wherein: a) said cationic polymer
comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: (i) a
protein; (ii) a polysaccharide; (iii) a polyamide; (iv) a
poly(metha)acrylamide; (v) a polyether; (vi) a polyester; (vii) a
polyoxymethylene; (viii) a silicone; (ix) a polyurethane; (x) a
polyvinylether; (xi) a polyethylene (propylene) oxide; (xii) a
polyvinyl alcohol; (xiii) a polyvinyl acetate; (xiv) a polyvinyl
formal; (xv) a polyvinyl butyral; (xvi) a polyvinylmethylether;
(xvii) a polyvinylpyrrolidone; (xviii) a polyvinylmethyl
oxazolidone; (xix) a polyvinylamine; (xx) a polyvinylpyridine;
(xxi) a polyimidazoline; (xxii) a poly(diallyldimethylammonium
chloride) (DAMAC); (xxiii)
poly(N,N-dimethyl-3,5-methylenepiperidimium chloride); (xxiv)
copolymers of polyvinylamine and polvyinylalcohol (xxi) oligimers
of amines, in one aspect a diethylenetriamine, ethylene diamine,
bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, N,N-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)methylamine,
tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and mitures thereof; (xxv) a
polyethyleneimime (xxvi) a derivatized polyethyleneimine, in one
aspect an ethoxylated polyethyleneimine; (xxvii) a cationic
surfactant, in one aspect; (xxviii) a polymeric compound
comprising, at least two moieties selected from the moieties
consisting of a carboxylic acid moiety, an amine moiety, a hydroxyl
moiety, and a nitrile moiety on a backbone of polybutadiene,
polyisoprene, polybutadiene/styrene, polybutadiene/acrylonitrile,
carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene/acrylonitrile or combinations
thereof; and (xxiv) mixtures and/or co-polymers thereof; and b)
said anionic polymer comprises a material selected from the group
consisting of comprising a material selected from the group
consisting of: (i) a protein; (ii) a polysaccharide; (iii) a
polyamide; (iv) a poly(metha)acrylamide; (v) a polyether; (vi) a
polyester; (vii) a polyoxymethylene; (viii) a silicone; (ix) a
polyurethane; (x) a polyvinylether; (xi) a polyethylene (propylene)
oxide; (xii) a polyvinyl alcohol; (xiii) a polyvinyl acetate; (xiv)
a polyvinyl formal; (xv) a polyvinyl butyral; (xvi) a
polyvinylmethylether; (xvii) a polyvinylpyrrolidone; (xviii) a
polyvinylmethyl oxazolidone; (xix) a polyvinylamine; (xx) a
polyvinylpyridine; (xxii) a polyacrylate, (xxiii) copolymers of
polyvinylamine and polvyinylalcohol (xxiv) a polymeric compound
comprising, at least two moieties selected from the moieties
consisting of a carboxylic acid moiety, an amine moiety, a hydroxyl
moiety, and a nitrile moiety on a backckbone of polybutadiene,
polyisoprene, polybutadiene/styrene, polybutadiene/acrylonitrile,
carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene/acrylonitrile or combinations
thereof; and (xxv) mixtures and/or co-polymers thereof.
4. The encapsulate of claim 1 wherein: a) said cationic polymer
comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a poly
peptide; a starch, a guar, a cellulose and mixtures thereof; and b)
said anionic polymer comprises a material selected from the group
consisting of: a poly peptide; a starch, a guar, a cellulose and
mixtures thereof.
5. The encapsulate of claim 1 wherein: a) said cationic polymer
comprises hydroxyl ethyl cellulose; and b) said anionic polymer
comprises carboxyl methyl cellulose.
6. The encapsulate of claim 1 wherein; a) said core comprises a
material selected from the group consisting of perfumes;
brighteners; dyes; insect repellants; silicones; waxes; flavors;
vitamins; fabric softening agents; skin care agents in one aspect,
paraffins; enzymes; anti-bacterial agents; bleaches; sensates; and
mixtures thereof; b) said shell comprises a material selected from
the group consisting of polyethylenes; polyamides; polystyrenes;
polyisoprenes; polycarbonates; polyesters; polyacrylates;
aminoplasts, in one aspect said aminoplast comprises a polyureas,
polyurethane, and/or polyureaurethane, in one aspect said polyurea
comprises polyoxymethyleneurea and/or melamine formaldehyde;
polyolefins; polysaccharides, in one aspect alginate and/or
chitosan; gelatin; shellac; epoxy resins; vinyl polymers; water
insoluble inorganics; silicone; and mixtures thereof.
7. The encapsulate of claim 5 wherein said core comprises
perfume.
8. The encapsulate of claim 7 wherein said shell comprises melamine
formaldehyde and/or cross linked melamine formaldehyde.
9. The encapsulate of claim 1, said encapsulate comprising, based
on total encapsulate weight, from about 0.1% to about 80% of said
coating.
10. The encapsulate of claim 1, wherein the ratio of said cationic
polymer to said anionic polymer is from about 99.95:0.05 to about
0.05:99.95.
11. The encapsulate of claim 8, said encapsulate comprising, based
on total encapsulate weight, from about 1% to about 25% of said
coating and the ratio of said cationic polymer to said anionic
polymer being from about 5:1 to about 1:5.
12. An agglomerate comprising the encapsulate of claim 1
13. A consumer product comprising the encapsulate of claim 1 and an
adjunct ingredient.
14. The consumer product of claim 13, said consumer product being a
cleaning and/or treatment composition.
15. The consumer product of claim 13, said consumer product being a
laundry detergent and/or fabric softener.
16. A solid detergent comprising the agglomerate of claim 12 and an
adjunct ingredient.
17. A method of cleaning or treating a situs comprising optionally
washing and/or rinsing said situs, contacting said situs with the
composition of claim 1 and optionally washing and/or rinsing said
situs.
18. A process of making a coated encapsulate comprising: a)
combining an encapsulate, a plasticizer, a coating material
comprising a cationic polymer and an anionic polymer and,
optionally, a binder and/or chelant to form a mixture; b) combining
said mixture with said dusting agent to form a material; and c)
removing a sufficient amount of said plasticizer from said material
to yield a product comprising, based on total product weight from
about 1% to about 50% plasticizer.
19. A process of making a coated encapsulate according to claim 18
wherein: a) said encapsulate comprises a core comprising perfume;
b) said plasticizer comprises water; c) said cationic polymer
comprises a polysaccharide; d) an anionic polymer comprises a
polysaccharide; and e) said dusting agent comprises silica.
20. A process of making a coated encapsulate according to claim 18
wherein: a) said cationic polymer comprises hydroxyl ethyl
cellulose and b) an anionic polymer comprises carboxyl methyl
cellulose.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present application relates to high efficiency particles
and compositions, such as consumer products, comprising such high
efficiency particles as well as processes for making and using such
high efficiency particles and compositions comprising such high
efficiency particles.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Benefit agents, such as perfumes, silicones, waxes, flavors,
vitamins and fabric softening agents, are expensive and/or
generally less effective when employed at high levels in consumer
products, for example, personal care compositions, cleaning
compositions, and fabric care compositions. As a result, there is a
desire to maximize the effectiveness of such benefit agents. One
method of achieving such objective is to improve the delivery
efficiencies of such benefit agents. Unfortunately, it is difficult
to improve the delivery efficiencies of benefit agents as such
agents may be lost do to the agents' physical or chemical
characteristics, or such agents may be incompatible with other
compositional components or the situs that is treated.
[0003] One method of improving the delivery efficiency of a benefit
agent is to encapsulate such benefit agent. While such efforts may
improve the delivery efficiency of the benefit agent, further
delivery efficiency improvements are desired as encapsulated
benefit agents may be lost before or after they are applied to the
situs of interest due to factors such as mechanical or chemical
interactions, for example the action of wash and or rinse liquors,
and/or charge interactions. Accordingly, there is a need for a
benefit agent containing delivery particle and compositions
comprising same that provide improved benefit agent delivery
efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present application relates to high efficiency particles
and compositions, such as consumer products, comprising such high
efficiency particles as well as processes for making and using such
high efficiency particles and compositions comprising such high
efficiency particles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
[0005] As used herein "consumer product" means baby care, beauty
care, fabric & home care, family care, feminine care, health
care, snack and/or beverage products or devices generally intended
to be used or consumed in the form in which it is sold. Such
products include but are not limited to diapers, bibs, wipes;
products for and/or methods relating to treating hair (human, dog,
and/or cat), including, bleaching, coloring, dyeing, conditioning,
shampooing, styling; deodorants and antiperspirants; personal
cleansing; cosmetics; skin care including application of creams,
lotions, and other topically applied products for consumer use
including fine fragrances; and shaving products, products for
and/or methods relating to treating fabrics, hard surfaces and any
other surfaces in the area of fabric and home care, including: air
care including air fresheners and scent delivery systems, car care,
dishwashing, fabric conditioning (including softening and/or
freshing), laundry detergency, laundry and rinse additive and/or
care, hard surface cleaning and/or treatment including floor and
toilet bowl cleaners, and other cleaning for consumer or
institutional use; products and/or methods relating to bath tissue,
facial tissue, paper handkerchiefs, and/or paper towels; tampons,
feminine napkins; products and/or methods relating to oral care
including toothpastes, tooth gels, tooth rinses, denture adhesives,
tooth whitening; over-the-counter health care including cough and
cold remedies, pain relievers, RX pharmaceuticals, pet health and
nutrition; processed food products intended primarily for
consumption between customary meals or as a meal accompaniment
(non-limiting examples include potato chips, tortilla chips,
popcorn, pretzels, corn chips, cereal bars, vegetable chips or
crisps, snack mixes, party mixes, multigrain chips, snack crackers,
cheese snacks, pork rinds, corn snacks, pellet snacks, extruded
snacks and bagel chips); and coffee.
[0006] As used herein, the term "cleaning and/or treatment
composition" is a subset of consumer products that includes, unless
otherwise indicated, beauty care, fabric & home care products.
Such products include, but are not limited to, products for
treating hair (human, dog, and/or cat), including, bleaching,
coloring, dyeing, conditioning, shampooing, styling; deodorants and
antiperspirants; personal cleansing; cosmetics; skin care including
application of creams, lotions, and other topically applied
products for consumer use including fine fragrances; and shaving
products, products for treating fabrics, hard surfaces and any
other surfaces in the area of fabric and home care, including: air
care including air fresheners and scent delivery systems, car care,
dishwashing, fabric conditioning (including softening and/or
freshing), laundry detergency, laundry and rinse additive and/or
care, hard surface cleaning and/or treatment including floor and
toilet bowl cleaners, granular or powder-form all-purpose or
"heavy-duty" washing agents, especially cleaning detergents;
liquid, gel or paste-form all-purpose washing agents, especially
the so-called heavy-duty liquid types; liquid fine-fabric
detergents; hand dishwashing agents or light duty dishwashing
agents, especially those of the high-foaming type; machine
dishwashing agents, including the various tablet, granular, liquid
and rinse-aid types for household and institutional use; liquid
cleaning and disinfecting agents, including antibacterial hand-wash
types, cleaning bars, mouthwashes, denture cleaners, dentifrice,
car or carpet shampoos, bathroom cleaners including toilet bowl
cleaners; hair shampoos and hair-rinses; shower gels, fine
fragrances and foam baths and metal cleaners; as well as cleaning
auxiliaries such as bleach additives and "stain-stick" or pre-treat
types, substrate-laden products such as dryer added sheets, dry and
wetted wipes and pads, nonwoven substrates, and sponges; as well as
sprays and mists all for consumer or/and institutional use; and/or
methods relating to oral care including toothpastes, tooth gels,
tooth rinses, denture adhesives, tooth whitening.
[0007] As used herein, the term "fabric and/or hard surface
cleaning and/or treatment composition" is a subset of cleaning and
treatment compositions that includes, unless otherwise indicated,
granular or powder-form all-purpose or "heavy-duty" washing agents,
especially cleaning detergents; liquid, gel or paste-form
all-purpose washing agents, especially the so-called heavy-duty
liquid types; liquid fine-fabric detergents; hand dishwashing
agents or light duty dishwashing agents, especially those of the
high-foaming type; machine dishwashing agents, including the
various tablet, granular, liquid and rinse-aid types for household
and institutional use; liquid cleaning and disinfecting agents,
including antibacterial hand-wash types, cleaning bars, car or
carpet shampoos, bathroom cleaners including toilet bowl cleaners;
and metal cleaners, fabric conditioning products including
softening and/or freshing that may be in liquid, solid and/or dryer
sheet form; as well as cleaning auxiliaries such as bleach
additives and "stain-stick" or pre-treat types, substrate-laden
products such as dryer added sheets, dry and wetted wipes and pads,
nonwoven substrates, and sponges; as well as sprays and mists. All
of such products which are applicable may be in standard,
concentrated or even highly concentrated form even to the extent
that such products may in certain aspect be non-aqueous.
[0008] As used herein, articles such as "a" and "an" when used in a
claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or
described.
[0009] As used herein, the terms "include", "includes" and
"including" are meant to be non-limiting.
[0010] As used herein, the term "solid" includes granular, powder,
bar and tablet product forms.
[0011] As used herein, the term "fluid" includes liquid, gel, paste
and gas product forms.
[0012] As used herein, the term "situs" includes paper products,
fabrics, garments, hard surfaces, hair and skin.
[0013] Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels
are in reference to the active portion of that component or
composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual
solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially
available sources of such components or compositions.
[0014] All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless
otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated
based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated.
[0015] It should be understood that every maximum numerical
limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower
numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were
expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given
throughout this specification will include every higher numerical
limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly
written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this
specification will include every narrower numerical range that
falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower
numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
High Efficiency Encapsulates
[0016] In one aspect, an encapsulate comprising a core, a shell
having an inner and outer surface and a coating, said shell
encapsulating said core, said coating coating the outer surface of
said shell, said coating comprising a cationic polymer and an
anionic polymer is disclosed.
[0017] In one aspect of said encapsulate said cationic polymer may
comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of a
quaternary ammonium, a protonated primary amine, a protonated
secondary amine, a protonated tertiary amine and combinations
thereof; and said anionic polymer may comprise a moiety selected
from the group consisting of an unprotonated carboxylic group, an
unprotonated alcohol group, an unprotonated thiol group, an
unprotonated primary amine, an unprotonated secondary amine and
combinations thereof.
[0018] In one aspect of said encapsulate said cationic polymer may
comprise a material selected from the group consisting of:
[0019] (i) a protein, for example a poly peptide;
[0020] (ii) a polysaccharide, said polysaccharide may comprise a
material selected from the group consisting of starch, guar,
cellulose and mixtures thereof, in one aspect said cellulose may
comprise hydroxyl ethyl cellulose
[0021] (iii) a polyamide;
[0022] (iv) a poly(metha)acrylamide;
[0023] (v) a polyether;
[0024] (vi) a polyester;
[0025] (vii) a polyoxymethylene;
[0026] (viii) a silicone;
[0027] (ix) a polyurethane;
[0028] (x) a polyvinylether;
[0029] (xi) a polyethylene (propylene) oxide;
[0030] (xii) a polyvinyl alcohol;
[0031] (xiii) a polyvinyl acetate;
[0032] (xiv) a polyvinyl formal;
[0033] (xv) a polyvinyl butyral;
[0034] (xvi) a polyvinylmethylether;
[0035] (xvii) a polyvinylpyrrolidone;
[0036] (xviii) a polyvinylmethyl oxazolidone;
[0037] (xix) a polyvinylamine;
[0038] (xx) a polyvinylpyridine;
[0039] (xxi) a polyimidazoline;
[0040] (xxii) a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (DAMAC);
[0041] (xxiii) poly(N,N-dimethyl-3,5-methylenepiperidimium
chloride);
[0042] (xxiv) copolymers of polyvinylamine and polvyinylalcohol
[0043] (xxi) oligimers of amines, in one aspect a
diethylenetriamine, ethylene diamine, bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine,
N,N-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)methylamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and
mixtures thereof;
[0044] (xxv) a polyethyleneimime
[0045] (xxvi) a derivatized polyethyleneimine, for example, an
ethoxylated polyethyleneimine;
[0046] (xxvii) a cationic surfactant, suitable cationic surfactants
are disclosed below;
[0047] (xxviii) a polymeric compound comprising, at least two
moieties selected from the moieties consisting of a carboxylic acid
moiety, an amine moiety, a hydroxyl moiety, and a nitrile moiety on
a backbone of polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene/styrene,
polybutadiene/acrylonitrile, carboxyl-terminated
polybutadiene/acrylonitrile or combinations thereof; and
[0048] (xxiv) mixtures and/or co-polymers of (i)-(xxviii); and
b) said anionic polymer may comprise a material selected from the
group consisting of:
[0049] (i) a protein, for example, a poly peptide;
[0050] (ii) a polysaccharide, in one aspect, said polysaccharide
may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of
starch, guar, cellulose and mixtures thereof, in one aspect said
cellulose comprises carboxyl methyl cellulose
[0051] (iii) a polyamide;
[0052] (iv) a poly(metha)acrylamide;
[0053] (v) a polyether;
[0054] (vi) a polyester;
[0055] (vii) a polyoxymethylene;
[0056] (viii) a silicone;
[0057] (ix) a polyurethane;
[0058] (x) a polyvinylether;
[0059] (xi) a polyethylene (propylene) oxide;
[0060] (xii) a polyvinyl alcohol;
[0061] (xiii) a polyvinyl acetate;
[0062] (xiv) a polyvinyl formal;
[0063] (xv) a polyvinyl butyral;
[0064] (xvi) a polyvinylmethylether;
[0065] (xvii) a polyvinylpyrrolidone;
[0066] (xviii) a polyvinylmethyl oxazolidone;
[0067] (xix) a polyvinylamine;
[0068] (xx) a polyvinylpyridine;
[0069] (xxii) a polyacrylate,
[0070] (xxiii) copolymers of polyvinylamine and
polvyinylalcohol
[0071] (xxiv) a polymeric compound that may comprise, at least two
moieties selected from the moieties consisting of a carboxylic acid
moiety, an amine moiety, a hydroxyl moiety, and a nitrile moiety on
a backckbone of polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene/styrene,
polybutadiene/acrylonitrile, carboxyl-terminated
polybutadiene/acrylonitrile or combinations thereof; and
(xxv) mixtures and/or co-polymers of (i)-(xxiv).
[0072] In one aspect of said encapsulate said cationic polymer may
comprise a material selected from the group consisting of a poly
peptide, a starch, a guar, a cellulose and mixtures thereof; and
said anionic polymer may comprise a material selected from the
group consisting of: a poly peptide, a starch, a guar, a cellulose
and mixtures thereof.
[0073] In one aspect of said encapsulate, said cationic polymer may
comprise hydroxyl ethyl cellulose; and said anionic polymer may
comprise carboxyl methyl cellulose.
[0074] In one aspect of said encapsulate, said core may comprise a
material selected from the group consisting of perfumes;
brighteners; dyes; insect repellants; silicones; waxes; flavors;
vitamins; fabric softening agents; skin care agents in one aspect,
paraffins; enzymes; anti-bacterial agents; bleaches; sensates; and
mixtures thereof; and said shell may comprise a material selected
from the group consisting of polyethylenes; polyamides;
polystyrenes; polyisoprenes; polycarbonates; polyesters;
polyacrylates; aminoplasts, in one aspect said aminoplast may
comprise a polyureas, polyurethane, and/or polyureaurethane, in one
aspect said polyurea may comprise polyoxymethyleneurea and/or
melamine formaldehyde; polyolefins; polysaccharides, in one aspect
said polysaccharide may comprise alginate and/or chitosan; gelatin;
shellac; epoxy resins; vinyl polymers; water insoluble inorganics;
silicone; and mixtures thereof.
[0075] In one aspect of said encapsulate, said core may comprise
perfume.
[0076] In one aspect of said encapsulate, said shell may comprise
melamine formaldehyde and/or cross linked melamine
formaldehyde.
[0077] In one aspect of said encapsulate, said encapsulate may
comprise, based on total encapsulate weight, from about 0.1% to
about 80% of said coating, from about 1% to about 25% of said
coating, or even from about 5% to about 10% of said coating.
[0078] In one aspect of said encapsulate, the ratio of said
cationic polymer to said anionic polymer may be from about
99.95:0.05 to about 0.05:99.95, from about 9:1 to about 1:9, from
about 5:1 to about 1:5, from about 2:1 to about 1:2, or even about
1:1.
[0079] In one aspect of said encapsulate, said encapsulate
comprising, based on total encapsulate weight, from about 1% to
about 25% of said coating and the ratio of said cationic polymer to
said anionic polymer being from about 5:1 to about 1:5.
[0080] Suitable cationic surfactants may comprise, as the principal
active, compounds of the following formula:
{R.sub.4-m--N.sup.+--[X--Y--R.sup.1].sub.m}X.sup.- (1)
wherein each R comprises either hydrogen, a short chain
C.sub.1-C.sub.6, in one aspect a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or
hydroxyalkyl group, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl,
hydroxyethyl, and the like, poly(C.sub.2-3 alkoxy), polyethoxy,
benzyl, or mixtures thereof; each X is independently (CH.sub.2)n,
CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)-- or CH--(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--; each Y may
comprise --O--(O)C--, --C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or --C(O)--NR--;
each m is 2 or 3; each n is from 1 to about 4, in one aspect 2; the
sum of carbons in each R.sup.1, plus one when Y is --O--(O)C-- or
--NR--C(O)--, may be C.sub.12-C.sub.22, or C.sub.14-C.sub.20, with
each R.sup.1 being a hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl group;
and X.sup.- may comprise any softener-compatible anion. In one
aspect, the softener-compatible anion may comprise chloride,
bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate. In
another aspect, the softener-compatible anion may comprise chloride
or methyl sulfate.
[0081] A second type of cationic surfactant may have the
formula:
[R.sub.4-m--N.sup.+--R.sup.1.sub.m]X.sup.- (2)
wherein each R, R.sup.1, m and X.sup.- have the same meanings as
before.
[0082] Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants that may
comprise Formula (1) are N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl
ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl
ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N-(2 hydroxyethyl)
N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate.
[0083] Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants that may
comprise Formula (2) include dialkylenedimethylammonium salts such
as dicanoladimethylammonium chloride,
di(hard)tallowdimethylammonium chloride dicanoladimethylammonium
methylsulfate. An example of commercially available
dialkylenedimethylammonium salts usable in the present invention is
dioleyldimethylammonium chloride available from Witco Corporation
under the trade name Adogen.RTM. 472 and dihardtallow
dimethylammonium chloride available from Akzo Nobel Arquad
2HT75.
[0084] In one aspect, suitable polyamines include Lupasol.RTM. WF,
SK, PS, PO100, P, HF, G500, G35, G20 water free, G20, G100, FG, FC,
and PR8515 products supplied by BASF of Ludwigshaven, Germany. In
another aspect, suitable polymeric materials encompass amine
terminated, epoxy terminated, or vinyl terminated polymers.
Suitable molecular weights for these polymers range from about
1,000 to about 10,000,000. In one aspect, the suitable polymers may
have molecular weights that range from about 1,000 to about
10,000,000 or from about 2,000 to about 50,000. Suitable polymeric
materials are available from NOVEON (Cleveland, Ohio U.S.A) and
SARTOMER (Philadelphia, Pa. U.S.A.). Such materials include HYCAR@
materials CTB 2000x162, CTBNX 1300x18, CTBNX 1300x9, CTBN 1300x8,
CTBN 1300x31, ATB 2000x173, ATBN 1300x21, ATBN 1300x16, ATBN
1300x45, ATBN 1300x35, ATBN 1300x42, VTB 2000x168, VTBNX1300x33,
VTBNX1300x43, ETBN 1300x40, and ETBN 1300x44 from NOVEON or Emerald
Performance Materials of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio U.S.A. and
Krasol.RTM. LBH 5000 from SARTOMER.
[0085] Suitable capsules that can be turned into the high
efficiency encapsules disclosed herein can be made in accordance
with Applicants' teaching including but not limited to Applicants'
examples, the teaching of USPA 2008/0305982 A1 and/or USPA
2009/0247449 A1. Alternatively, suitable capsules can be purchased
from Appleton Papers Inc. of Appleton, Wis. USA.
[0086] In addition, the materials for making the aforementioned
encapsulates can be obtained from CP Kelco Corp. of San Diego,
Calif., USA; BASF AG of Ludwigshafen, Germany; Rhodia Corp. of
Cranbury, N.J., USA; Hercules Corp. of Wilmington, Del., USA;
Agrium Inc. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, ISP of New Jersey U.S.A.,
Akzo Nobel of Chicago, Ill., USA; Stroever Shellac Bremen of
Bremen, Germany; Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Mich., USA; Bayer
AG of Leverkusen, Germany; Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, Mo.,
USA
Process of Making Encapsulates
[0087] In one aspect, the encapsulates that are disclosed herein
may be made in accordance with Applicants' teachings including, but
not limited to, Applicants' examples.
[0088] In one aspect, a process of making a coated encapsulate that
may comprise:
[0089] a) combining an encapsulate, a plasticizer, a coating
material that may comprise a cationic polymer and an anionic
polymer and, optionally, a binder and/or chelant to form a
mixture;
[0090] b) combining said mixture with said dusting agent to form a
material; and
[0091] c) removing a sufficient amount of said plasticizer from
said material to yield a product that may comprise, based on total
product weight from about 1% to about 50% plasticizer is
disclosed.
[0092] In one aspect of said process:
[0093] a) said encapsulate may comprise a core comprising
perfume;
[0094] b) said plasticizer may comprise water;
[0095] c) said cationic polymer may comprise a polysaccharide;
[0096] d) an anionic polymer may comprise a polysaccharide; and
[0097] e) said dusting agent may comprise silica.
[0098] In one aspect of said process said cationic polymer may
comprise hydroxyl ethyl cellulose and an anionic polymer may
comprise carboxyl methyl cellulose.
Agglomerate
[0099] In one aspect, an agglomerate that may comprise any of the
capsules disclosed herein is disclosed. Such agglomerate may be
made by any suitable agglomerating technique including, but not
limited to, the techniques disclosed Applicants' examples and USPA
2009/0209661 A1.
Consumer Product
[0100] In one aspect, a consumer product comprising any of the
capsules disclosed herein and/or agglomerates comprising such
encapsulates as well as an adjunct ingredient is disclosed.
[0101] In one aspect of said consumer product, said consumer
product may be a cleaning and/or treatment composition.
[0102] In one aspect of said consumer product, said consumer
product may be a laundry detergent and/or fabric softener.
[0103] In one aspect of said consumer product, said consumer
product may be solid detergent that may comprise any agglomerate
disclosed herein and an adjunct ingredient.
[0104] In one aspect, the agglomerated encapsulates (agglomerate)
disclosed herein are suitable for use in consumer products,
cleaning and treatment compositions and fabric and hard surface
cleaning and/or treatment compositions, detergents, and highly
compacted consumer products, including highly compacted fabric and
hard surface cleaning and/or treatment compositions, for example
highly compacted detergents that may be solids or fluids, at
levels, based on total consumer product weight, from about 0.001%
to about 20%, from about 0.01% to about 10%, from about 0.05% to
about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 2%.
[0105] In addition to the encapsulates disclosed herein, certain
perfume delivery systems may be used in the aforementioned
compositions. Methods of making such perfume delivery systems and
methods of making such perfume delivery systems are disclosed in
USPA 2007/0275866 A1. Such perfume delivery systems include:
Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD), Molecule-Assisted Delivery (MAD),
Fiber-Assisted Delivery (FAD), Amine Assisted Delivery (AAD),
Cyclodextrin Delivery System (CD), Starch Encapsulated Accord
(SEA), Inorganic Carrier Delivery System (ZIC), Pro-Perfume (PP).
Such perfume delivery systems may be used in any combination in any
type of consumer product, cleaning and/or treatment composition,
fabric and hard surface cleaning and/or treatment composition,
detergent, and highly compact detergent.
Adjunct Materials
[0106] For the purposes of the present invention, the non-limiting
list of adjuncts illustrated hereinafter are suitable for use in
the instant compositions and may be desirably incorporated in
certain embodiments of the invention, for example to assist or
enhance performance, for treatment of the substrate to be cleaned,
or to modify the aesthetics of the composition as is the case with
perfumes, colorants, dyes or the like. It is understood that such
adjuncts are in addition to the components that are supplied via
Applicants' encapsulates and agglomerates. The precise nature of
these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof,
will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature
of the operation for which it is to be used. Suitable adjunct
materials include, but are not limited to, surfactants, builders,
chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants,
enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach
activators, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil
removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors,
dyes, additional perfume and perfume delivery systems, structure
elasticizing agents, fabric softeners, carriers, hydrotropes,
processing aids and/or pigments. In addition to the disclosure
below, suitable examples of such other adjuncts and levels of use
are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,576,282, 6,306,812 B1 and 6,326,348
B1 that are incorporated by reference.
[0107] Each adjunct ingredients is not essential to Applicants'
compositions. Thus, certain embodiments of Applicants' compositions
do not contain one or more of the following adjuncts materials:
bleach activators, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye
transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme
stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing
agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents,
brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, additional perfumes and
perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, fabric
softeners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids and/or pigments.
However, when one or more adjuncts are present, such one or more
adjuncts may be present as detailed below:
[0108] Surfactants--The compositions according to the present
invention can comprise a surfactant or surfactant system wherein
the surfactant can be selected from nonionic and/or anionic and/or
cationic surfactants and/or ampholytic and/or zwitterionic and/or
semi-polar nonionic surfactants. The surfactant is typically
present at a level of from about 0.1%, from about 1%, or even from
about 5% by weight of the cleaning compositions to about 99.9%, to
about 80%, to about 35%, or even to about 30% by weight of the
cleaning compositions.
[0109] Builders--The compositions of the present invention can
comprise one or more detergent builders or builder systems. When
present, the compositions will typically comprise at least about 1%
builder, or from about 5% or 10% to about 80%, 50%, or even 30% by
weight, of said builder. Builders include, but are not limited to,
the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of
polyphosphates, alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth and alkali
metal carbonates, aluminosilicate builders polycarboxylate
compounds. ether hydroxypolycarboxylates, copolymers of maleic
anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether,
1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene-2,4,6-trisulphonic acid, and
carboxymethyl-oxysuccinic acid, the various alkali metal, ammonium
and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well
as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid,
oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic
acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
[0110] Chelating Agents--The compositions herein may also
optionally contain one or more copper, iron and/or manganese
chelating agents. If utilized, chelating agents will generally
comprise from about 0.1% by weight of the compositions herein to
about 15%, or even from about 3.0% to about 15% by weight of the
compositions herein.
[0111] Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents--The compositions of the
present invention may also include one or more dye transfer
inhibiting agents. Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibiting
agents include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone
polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of
N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and
polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof. When present in the
compositions herein, the dye transfer inhibiting agents are present
at levels from about 0.0001%, from about 0.01%, from about 0.05% by
weight of the cleaning compositions to about 10%, about 2%, or even
about 1% by weight of the cleaning compositions.
[0112] Dispersants--The compositions of the present invention can
also contain dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials
are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the
polycarboxylic acid may comprise at least two carboxyl radicals
separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
[0113] Enzymes--The compositions can comprise one or more detergent
enzymes which provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care
benefits. Examples of suitable enzymes include, but are not limited
to, hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases,
lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases,
keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases,
ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases,
.beta.-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase,
laccase, and amylases, or mixtures thereof. A typical combination
is a cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like protease,
lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with amylase.
[0114] Enzyme Stabilizers--Enzymes for use in compositions, for
example, detergents can be stabilized by various techniques. The
enzymes employed herein can be stabilized by the presence of
water-soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the
finished compositions that provide such ions to the enzymes.
[0115] Catalytic Metal Complexes--Applicants' compositions may
include catalytic metal complexes. One type of metal-containing
bleach catalyst is a catalyst system comprising a transition metal
cation of defined bleach catalytic activity, such as copper, iron,
titanium, ruthenium, tungsten, molybdenum, or manganese cations, an
auxiliary metal cation having little or no bleach catalytic
activity, such as zinc or aluminum cations, and a sequestrate
having defined stability constants for the catalytic and auxiliary
metal cations, particularly ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,
ethylenediaminetetra (methyl-enephosphonic acid) and water-soluble
salts thereof. Such catalysts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
4,430,243.
[0116] If desired, the compositions herein can be catalyzed by
means of a manganese compound. Such compounds and levels of use are
well known in the art and include, for example, the manganese-based
catalysts disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,576,282.
[0117] Cobalt bleach catalysts useful herein are known, and are
described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,597,936 and 5,595,967.
Such cobalt catalysts are readily prepared by known procedures,
such as taught for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,597,936, and
5,595,967.
[0118] Compositions herein may also suitably include a transition
metal complex of a macropolycyclic rigid ligand--abbreviated as
"MRL". As a practical matter, and not by way of limitation, the
compositions and cleaning processes herein can be adjusted to
provide on the order of at least one part per hundred million of
the benefit agent MRL species in the aqueous washing medium, and
may provide from about 0.005 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 0.05
ppm to about 10 ppm, or even from about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, of
the MRL in the wash liquor.
[0119] Suitable transition-metals in the instant transition-metal
bleach catalyst include manganese, iron and chromium. Suitable MRL'
s herein are a special type of ultra-rigid ligand that is
cross-bridged such as
5,12-diethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexa-decane.
[0120] Suitable transition metal MRLs are readily prepared by known
procedures, such as taught for example in WO 00/32601, and U.S.
Pat. No. 6,225,464.
Method of Use
[0121] Certain of the consumer products disclosed herein can be
used to clean or treat a situs inter alia a surface or fabric.
Typically at least a portion of the situs is contacted with an
embodiment of Applicants' composition, in neat form or diluted in a
liquor, for example, a wash liquor and then the situs may be
optionally washed and/or rinsed. In one aspect, a situs is
optionally washed and/or rinsed, contacted with a particle
according to the present invention or composition comprising said
particle and then optionally washed and/or rinsed. In one aspect, a
method of cleaning or treating a situs comprising optionally
washing and/or rinsing said situs, contacting said situs with the
composition selected from the compositions and mixtures thereof
disclosed herein and optionally washing and/or rinsing said situs
is disclosed. For purposes of the present invention, washing
includes but is not limited to, scrubbing, and mechanical
agitation. The fabric may comprise most any fabric capable of being
laundered or treated in normal consumer use conditions. Liquors
that may comprise the disclosed compositions may have a pH of from
about 3 to about 11.5. Such compositions are typically employed at
concentrations of from about 500 ppm to about 15,000 ppm in
solution. When the wash solvent is water, the water temperature
typically ranges from about 5.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C.
and, when the situs comprises a fabric, the water to fabric ratio
is typically from about 1:1 to about 30:1.
EXAMPLES
[0122] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
Example 1
80% Core/20 wt % Wall Melamine based Polyurea Capsule
[0123] A first mixture is prepared by combining 208 grams of water
and 5 grams of alkyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (Polysciences,
Inc. of Warrington, Pa., USA). This first mixture is adjusted to pH
5.0 using acetic acid. 125 grams of the capsule core material
comprising a fragrance oil is added to the first mixture at a
temperature of 45.degree. C. to form an emulsion. The ingredients
to form the capsule wall material are prepared as follows: 9 grams
of a corresponding capsule wall material copolymer pre-polymer
(butylacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer) and 90 grams of water are
combined and adjusted to pH 5.0. To this mixture is added 28 grams
of a partially methylated methylol melamine resin solution ("Cymel
385", 80% solids, Cytec). This mixture is added to the above
described fragrance oil-in-water emulsion with stirring at a
temperature of 45 degrees Centigrade. High speed blending is used
to achieve a volume-mean particle size of 15 micron. The
temperature of the mixture is gradually raised to 65 degrees
Centigrade, and is maintained at this temperature overnight with
continuous stirring to initiate and complete encapsulation. To form
the acrylic acid-alkyl acrylate copolymer capsule wall, the alkyl
group can be selected from ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl,
cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or other alkyl groups having from one to
about sixteen carbons, preferably one to eight carbons.
Example 2
Agglo with CMC CatHEC
[0124] A 9 kg aliquot of perfume microcapsule slurry of Examples 1
or 2 is mixed using a Eurostar mixer (IKA) with a R1382 attachment
at a constant speed of 200 RPM. To the aliquot 300 g of
carboxymethyl cellulose (CP Kelco) and 300 g of CatHEC (DOW) is
added while mixing using the Eurostar mixer with same attachment
and speed as described above. The slurry is mixed for a total of
two hours or until a uniform paste is formed.
Example 3
Agglo with CMC and CatHEC Containing Chelant
[0125] A 9 kg aliquot of perfume microcapsule slurry of Examples 1
or 2 is mixed using a Eurostar mixer (IKA) with a R1382 attachment
at a constant speed of 200 RPM. To the aliquot, 5.4 g of
ethylenediaminedisuccinicacid (EDDS), followed by 300 g of
carboxymethyl cellulose (CP Kelco) and 300 g of CatHEC (DOW) is
added while mixing using the Eurostar mixer with same attachment
and speed as described above. The slurry is mixed for a total of
two hours or until a uniform paste is formed.
Example 4
[0126] A 9 kg aliquot of perfume microcapsule slurry of Examples 2
is mixed using a Eurostar mixer (IKA) with a R1382 attachment at a
constant speed of 200 RPM. To the aliquot 500 g of carboxymethyl
cellulose (CP Kelco) is added while mixing using the Eurostar mixer
with same attachment and speed as described above. The slurry is
mixed for a total of two hours or until a uniform paste is
formed.
Example 5
[0127] 1.28 kg of precipitated silica Sipernat.RTM. 22S (Degussa)
is added to a F-20 paddle mixer (Forberg). The mixer is run
initially for 5 seconds to distribute the silica evenly on the base
of the mixer. The mixer is stopped and 8.25 kg of paste, made
according to Example 3 or 4, is evenly distributed onto the powder.
The mixer is then run at 120 rpm for a total of 30 seconds.
Following mixing, the wet particles are dumped out of the mixer and
screened using a 2000 micron sieve to remove the oversize. The
product passing through the screen is dried in 500 g batches in a
CDT 0.02 fluid bed dryer (Niro) to a final moisture content of 20
wt % measured by Karl Fischer. The dryer is operated at an inlet
temperature of 140.degree. C. and air velocity of 0.68 m/s.
Examples 6-13
[0128] Examples of laundry detergent compositions comprising the
perfume composition are included below.
TABLE-US-00001 % w/w of laundry detergent compositions Raw material
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Linear alkyl benzene sulphonate 7.1 6.7 11.0
10.6 6.9 4.5 10.1 8.9 Sodium C.sub.12-15 alkyl ethoxy 3.5 0.0 1.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 sulphate having a molar average degree of
ethoxylation of 3 Acrylic Acid/Maleic Acid 3.6 1.8 4.9 2.0 1.0 1.6
3.9 2.3 Copolymer Sodium Alumino Silicate 4.0 0.5 0.8 1.4 16.3 0.0
17.9 2.4 (Zeolite 4A) Sodium Tripolyphosphate 0.0 17.5 0.0 15.8 0.0
23.3 0.0 0.0 Sodium Carbonate 23.2 16.8 30.2 17.3 18.4 9.0 20.8
30.0 Sodium Sulphate 31.4 29.4 35.5 7.2 26.3 42.8 33.2 28.3 Sodium
Silicate 0.0 4.4 0.0 4.5 0.0 6.1 0.0 4.6 C.sub.14-15 alkyl
ethoxylated alcohol 0.4 2.6 0.8 2.5 3.1 0.3 3.8 0.4 having a molar
average degree of ethoxylation of 7 Sodium Percarbonate 16.0 0.0
8.4 20.4 13.1 3.6 0.0 7.0 Sodium Perborate 0.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 Tetraacetylethylenediamine 2.2 1.7 0.0 4.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.8
(TAED) Calcium Bentonite 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 Citric
acid 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.0 Protease (84 mg active/g) 0.14
0.12 0.0 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.08 Amylase (22 mg active/g) 0.10
0.11 0.0 0.10 0.10 0.0 0.14 0.08 Lipase (11 mg active/g) 0.70 0.50
0.0 0.70 0.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cellulase (2.3 mg active/g) 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18 0.0 Benefit agent composition 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7
0.3 0.7 1.2 of Example 3 Water & Miscellaneous Balance to
100%
The equipment and materials described in Examples 1 through to 19
can be obtained from the following: IKA Werke GmbH & Co. KG,
Staufen, Germany; CP Kelco, Atlanta, United States; Forberg
International AS, Larvik, Norway; Degussa GmbH, Dusseldorf,
Germany; Niro A/S, Soeberg, Denmark; Baker Perkins Ltd,
Peterborough, United Kingdom; Nippon Shokubai, Tokyo, Japan; BASF,
Ludwigshafen, Germany; Braun, Kronberg, Germany; Industrial
Chemicals Limited, Thurrock, United Kingdom; Primex ehf,
Siglufjordur, Iceland; ISP World Headquarters; Polysciences, Inc.
of Warrington, Pa., United States; Cytec Industries Inc., New
Jersey, United States; International Specialty Products, Wayne,
N.J., United States; P&G Chemicals Americas, Cincinnati, Ohio,
United States; Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, Mo., United States,
Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Mich., USA
[0129] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".
[0130] All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the
Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference;
the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission
that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the
extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document
conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a
document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition
assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
[0131] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *