U.S. patent application number 14/354958 was filed with the patent office on 2016-12-15 for lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass.
The applicant listed for this patent is JiaXing IDC Plumbing & Heating Technology Ltd., ZheJiang IDC Fluid Control Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Jiade LI.
Application Number | 20160362767 14/354958 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53493076 |
Filed Date | 2016-12-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160362767 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LI; Jiade |
December 15, 2016 |
LEAD-FREE BISMUTH-FREE SILICON-FREE BRASS
Abstract
The invention relates to a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free
brass alloy, comprising: by the total weight of the brass alloy,
60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium,
one or more element selected from the group consisting of 0.1-0.7
wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus,
0.05-0.5 wt % manganese and 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of
zinc. The brass alloy of the invention does not adopt lead, thus
avoiding lead pollution. Besides, neither bismuth nor silicon is
adopted, thus enabling the brass alloy to have an improved cutting
performance.
Inventors: |
LI; Jiade; (Yuhuan,
CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
JiaXing IDC Plumbing & Heating Technology Ltd.
ZheJiang IDC Fluid Control Co., Ltd. |
Haiyan
Yuhuan |
|
CN
CN |
|
|
Family ID: |
53493076 |
Appl. No.: |
14/354958 |
Filed: |
April 9, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
April 9, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CN2014/074942 |
371 Date: |
August 29, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B22D 21/005 20130101;
C22F 1/08 20130101; C22C 1/02 20130101; C22C 9/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C22C 9/04 20060101
C22C009/04; B22D 21/00 20060101 B22D021/00; C22C 1/02 20060101
C22C001/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 3, 2014 |
CN |
201410003372X |
Claims
1. A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent
cutting performance, characterized by comprising: by the total
weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt %
antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and a balance of zinc.
2. The brass alloy of claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese by the
total weight of the brass alloy.
3. The brass alloy of claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin,
0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron by the total
weight of the brass alloy.
4. The brass alloy of claim 3, characterized in that a total
content of manganese, aluminum, tin, phosphorus and/or boron is not
larger than 2 wt % of the total weight of the brass alloy.
5. The brass alloy of claim 4, characterized in that a total
content of manganese, aluminum, tin, phosphorus and/or boron is not
less than 0.2 wt % of the total weight of the brass alloy.
6. The brass alloy of claim 3, characterized by further comprising:
unavoidable impurities which comprise, by the total weight of the
brass alloy, 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome
and/or 0.25 wt % or less iron.
7. A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent
cutting performance, characterized by comprising: by the total
weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin,
and two or more elements selected from the group consisting of
0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and 0.05-0.5 wt %
manganese by the total weight of the brass alloy, and a balance of
zinc.
8. The brass alloy of claim 7, characterized by further comprising:
0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium and/or 0.001-0.01
wt % boron by the total weight of the brass alloy.
9. The brass alloy of claim 8, characterized by further comprising:
unavoidable impurities which comprise, by the total weight of the
brass alloy, 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome
and/or 0.25 wt % or less iron.
10. A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance, characterized by comprising: by the
total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt %
antimony and 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and one or more element
selected from the group consisting of 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum,
0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus, 0.05-0.5 wt %
manganese and 0.001-0.01 wt % boron by the total weight of the
brass alloy, and a balance of zinc.
11. The brass alloy of claim 10, characterized by further
comprising: unavoidable impurities which comprise, by the total
weight of the brass alloy, 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or
less chrome and/or 0.25 wt % or less iron.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is the U.S. national phase of International
Application No. PCT/CN2014/074942, filed on Apr. 9, 2014, which
claims the priority benefit a Chinese Patent which is application
No. 201410003372X, filed on Jan. 3, 2014. The entire contents of
which is hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Field of the Invention
[0003] The invention relates to an environmentally friendly brass
alloy, and particularly to a free cutting and dezincification
resistant brass alloy.
[0004] Background of Invention
[0005] Generally, the brass for processing is added with metallic
zinc by a percentage of 38-42%. In order to make it easy to process
brass, brass usually contains 2-3% lead to enhance strength and
processability. Lead-containing brass has excellent moldability
(making it easy to fabricate products of various shapes), cutting
performance, and abrasion resistance, so that it is widely applied
to mechanical part with various shapes, accounts for a large
proportion in the copper industry, and is well known as one of the
most important basic material in the world. However, during the
production or use of lead-containing brass, lead tends to dissolve
in the solid or gas state. Medical studies have shown that lead can
bring about substantial damage to the human hematopoietic and
nervous systems, especially children's kidneys and other organs.
Many countries in the world take the pollution and hazard caused by
lead very seriously. The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) sets
a tolerance of lead element of 0.25% or less. Organizations like
the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) of
European Union successively stipulate, restrict and prohibit the
usage of brass with a high lead content.
[0006] Furthermore, when the zinc content in brass exceeds 20 wt %,
the corrosion phenomenon of dezincification is prone to occur.
Especially when brass is exposed to the chloride rich environment,
e.g. marine environment, the occurrence of corrosion phenomenon of
dezincification may be accelerated. Dezincification may severely
destroy the structure of brass alloy, so that the surface strength
of brass products is reduced and the brass tube even perforates.
This greatly reduces the lifetime of brass products and causes
problems in application.
[0007] Therefore, there is a need to provide an alloy formula for
solving the above problems, which can replace the brass with a high
lead content, is dezincification corrosion resistant, and further
has excellent casting performance, forgeability, cutting
performance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] As known in the prior art, silicon may appear in the alloy
metallographic structure as y phase (sometimes as .kappa. phase).
In this case, silicon may replace the function of lead in the alloy
to an extent, and improve cutting performance of the alloy. Cutting
performance of the alloy increases with the content of silicon.
However, silicon has a high melting point and a low specific
gravity and is prone to be oxidized. As a result, after silicon
monomer is added into the furnace in the alloy melting process,
silicon floats on the surface of alloy. When the alloy is melt,
silicon will be oxidized into silicon oxides or other oxides,
making it difficult to produce silicon-containing copper alloy. In
case silicon is added in the form of Cu--Si alloy, the economic
cost is increased.
[0009] Bismuth can be added to replace lead for forming cutting
breakpoints in the alloy structure to improve cutting performance.
However, thermal cracking is prone to occur during forging in case
of a high bismuth content, which is not conducive for
producing.
[0010] Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide a brass
alloy which exhibits excellent performance like tensile strength,
elongation rate, dezincification resistance and cutting
performance, which is suitable for cutting processed products that
require high strength and wear resistance, and which is suitable
for constituent materials for forged products and cast products.
The brass alloy of the invention can securely replace the alloy
copper with a high lead content, and can completely meet the
demands about restrictions on lead-containing products in the
development of human society.
[0011] To achieve the above object, the inventors have proposed the
following lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy.
[0012] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 1) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony and 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and a balance of zinc.
[0013] In the inventive product 1, lead, silicon, and bismuth is
absent, the content of copper is controlled at 60-65 wt %, and a
small quantity of antimony and magnesium is added to form
intermetallic compounds with copper, so that cutting performance of
the alloy is improved and dezincification resistance of the alloy
is simultaneously improved. In other words, in the inventive
product 1, the cutting performance is improved by adding antimony
and magnesium to form .gamma. phase. The metallographic structure
of the alloy mainly comprises .alpha. phase, .beta. phase, .gamma.
phase, and soft and brittle intermetallic compounds which are
distributed in grain boundaries or grains. Copper and zinc make
main constituents of the brass alloy. By adding antimony and
magnesium, not only the cutting performance of the alloy is
improved, but also the dezincification resistance is improved.
[0014] When the content of antimony is lower than 0.01 wt %, and
the content of magnesium is lower than 0.1 wt %, the resulting
alloy has a cutting performance which is not acceptable in the
industrial production. The cutting performance of the alloy will
increase with the content of antimony and magnesium. However, when
the content antimony in the alloy is 0.15 wt % and the content of
magnesium is 0.5 wt %, improvement in the cutting performance of
the alloy reaches the saturated state.
[0015] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 2) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and
a balance of zinc.
[0016] As compared with the inventive product 1, the inventive
product 2 is further added with 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or
0.05-0.5 wt % manganese by the total weight of the brass alloy.
Although phosphorus can't form .gamma. phase, phosphorus has a
function of facilitating a good distribution of .gamma. phase for
antimony and magnesium, thus increasing cutting performance of the
alloy. Meanwhile, in case phosphorus is added, .gamma. phase will
disperse crystal grains of the primary .alpha. phase, thus
increasing casting performance and corrosion resistance of the
alloy. When the content of copper, antimony, and magnesium is 60-65
wt %, 0.01-0.15 wt %, and 0.1-0.5 wt %, respectively, and the
content of phosphorus is lower than 0.05 wt %, phosphorus can not
play its role effectively. While when the content of phosphorus is
higher than 0.3 wt %, casting performance and corrosion resistance
of the alloy will be degraded. Adding manganese helps to improve
dezincification resistance and cast flowability of the alloy. When
the content of manganese is lower than 0.05 wt %, manganese can not
play its role effectively. While when the content of manganese is
0.5 wt %, manganese can play its role to the saturation value.
[0017] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 3) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt
% tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a
balance of zinc.
[0018] As compared with the inventive product 1, the inventive
product 3 is further added with 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt
% aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or
0.001-0.01 wt % boron by the total weight of the brass alloy.
[0019] Adding tin into the alloy also intends to form y phase, thus
increasing cutting performance of the alloy. Besides, adding tin
obviously increases strength, plasticity, and corrosion resistance
the alloy. However, since adding tin may increase cost, aluminum is
added along with tin. As a result, not only cutting performance of
the alloy can be improved, but also strength, wear resistance, cast
flowability, and high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy
can be increased. In order to make a better use of the above
effects, the content of tin and aluminum is 0.05-0.5 wt % and
0.1-0.7 wt %, respectively. Meanwhile, the alloy is further added
with trace boron so as to increase corrosion resistance of the
alloy. By adding boron, it is possible to better suppress alloy
dezincification, increase the mechanical strength, and
simultaneously alter defect structure of cuprous oxide film on the
surface of copper alloy, thus forming a cuprous oxide film which is
more uniform, dense, and stain resistant. When the content of boron
is lower than 0.001 wt %, boron can't play its role as mentioned
above. While when the content of boron is higher than 0.01 wt %,
the above performance can't be further increased. Thus, the optimum
content of boron is 0.001-0.01 wt %. The content of phosphorus and
manganese has the same interval as that of the inventive product 2,
and this is based on the same reason as that of the inventive
product 2. Whether antimony, magnesium, aluminum, tin, phosphorus,
manganese and/or boron should be added depends on the requirement
for cutting performance of various products.
[0020] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 4) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt
% tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a
balance of zinc, wherein the total content of manganese, aluminum,
tin, phosphorus and/or boron is not larger than 2 wt % of the total
weight of the brass alloy.
[0021] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 5) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt
% tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a
balance of zinc, wherein the total content of manganese, aluminum,
tin, phosphorus and/or boron is 0.2-2 wt % of the total weight of
the brass alloy.
[0022] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 6) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt
% tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a
balance of zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable
impurities comprise: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.25
wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome and/or 0.25 wt % or
less iron.
[0023] As compared with the inventive product 3, the inventive
product 6 further comprises some unavoidable impurities, i.e.,
mechanical impurities of nickel, chrome and/or iron.
[0024] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 7) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, and two or more
elements selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight
of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus
and 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and a balance of zinc.
[0025] In case that neither antimony nor magnesium is present,
adding 0.05-0.5 wt % tin of the total weight of the alloy can still
meet the needs for cutting performance in the industrial
production. The content of tin to be added has the same interval as
that of the inventive product 3, and this is based on the same
reason as that of the inventive product 3. Whether aluminum,
phosphorus, and manganese should be added depends on the
requirement for cutting performance of various products. The
content to be added has the same interval as that of the inventive
product 3, and this is based on the same reason as that of the
inventive product 3.
[0026] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 8) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, and two or more
elements selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight
of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.3 wt %
phosphorus, and 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and further comprises, by
the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony,
0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance
of zinc.
[0027] Whether antimony, magnesium, aluminum, tin, phosphorus,
manganese and/or boron should be added depends on the requirement
for cutting performance of various products. The content to be
added has the same interval as that of the inventive product 3, and
this is based on the same reason as that of the inventive product
3.
[0028] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 9) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, and two or more
elements selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight
of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus
and 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and further comprises, by the total
weight of the brass alloy, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc and
unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities
comprise: 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome and/or
0.25 wt % or less iron by the total weight of the brass alloy.
[0029] As compared with the inventive product 8, the inventive
product 9 further comprises some unavoidable impurities, i.e.,
mechanical impurities of nickel, chrome and/or iron.
[0030] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 10) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony and 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and one or more element selected from the group
consisting of, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt %
aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus, 0.05-0.5 wt
% manganese and 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc.
[0031] Whether aluminum, tin, phosphorus, manganese and/or boron
should be added depends on the requirement for cutting performance
of various produc. The content to be added has the same interval as
that of the inventive product 3, and this is based on the same
reason as that of the inventive product 3.
[0032] A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with
excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the
inventive product 11) comprises: by the total weight of the brass
alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony and 0.1-0.5 wt %
magnesium, and one or more element selected from the group
consisting of, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt %
aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus, 0.05-0.5 wt
% manganese and 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc and
unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities
comprise: 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome and/or
0.25 wt % or less iron by the total weight of the brass alloy.
[0033] As compared with the inventive product 10, the inventive
product 11 further comprises some unavoidable impurities, i.e.,
mechanical impurities of nickel, chrome and/or iron.
[0034] The invention further provides a method for fabricating
brass alloy. By taking an example of the inventive product 3 as an
example, the method comprises the steps of:
[0035] 1) providing copper and manganese and heating to
1000-1050.degree. C. to form a copper-manganese alloy melt;
[0036] 2) decreasing the temperature of the copper-manganese alloy
melt to 950-1000.degree. C.;
[0037] 3) covering the surface of copper-manganese alloy melt with
a glass slagging agent;
[0038] 4) adding zinc to the copper-manganese alloy melt to form a
copper-manganese-zinc melt;
[0039] 5) deslagging the copper-manganese-zinc melt, and adding
antimony, aluminum, tin, magnesium to the brass alloy melt to form
a metal melt;
[0040] 6) elevating the temperature of the metal melt to
1000-1050.degree. C., and adding boron copper alloy, phosphorus
copper alloy to form a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass
alloy melt;
[0041] 7) discharging the brass alloy melt for casting to form the
brass alloy.
[0042] Preferably, in the above fabricating method, a
copper-manganese alloy is provided as the precursor of copper and
manganese elements.
[0043] Preferably, in the above fabricating method, the melting
furnace is a high-frequency melting furnace, and the high-frequency
melting furnace is provided with a furnace lining of graphite
crucible.
[0044] The high-frequency melting furnace has the features of a
large melting rate, a large temperature elevating rate, cleanness
without pollution, and the ability of self-stirring (i.e., under
the action of magnetic field lines) during melting.
[0045] In the invention, the lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free
brass alloy is formed by adding various constituents in respective
ratio, and then subjecting them to a process in a high-frequency
melting furnace. The resulting brass alloy has a mechanical
processability which is comparable with that of the existing
lead-containing brass, has an excellent tensile strength,
elongation rate, and dezincification resistance, and is lead-free.
As a result, the brass alloy is suitable for replacing the existing
lead-containing brass alloy and for producing parts like faucet and
sanitary ware.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0046] FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating
an example of the inventive product 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0047] The technical solutions of the invention will be described
expressly by referring to embodiments thereof.
[0048] It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to
the described exemplary embodiments. The modifications and
alterations to features of the invention as described herein, as
well as other applications of the concept of the invention (which
will occur to the skilled in the art, upon reading the present
disclosure) still fall within the scope of the invention.
[0049] In the invention, the wording "or more", "or less" in the
expression for describing values indicates that the expression
comprises the relevant values.
[0050] The dezincification corrosion resistant performance
measurement, as used herein, is performed according to AS-2345-2006
specification in the cast state, in which 12.8 g copper chloride is
added into 1000C.0 deionized water, and the object to be measured
is placed in the resulting solution for 24 hr to measure a
dezincification depth. .circleincircle. indicates a dezincification
depth of less than 100 .mu.m; o indicates a dezincification depth
between 100 .mu.m and 200 .mu.m; and indicates a dezincification
depth larger than 200 .mu.m.
[0051] The cutting performance measurement, as used herein, is
performed in the cast state, in which the same cutting tool is
adopted with the same cutting speed and feed amount. The cutting
speed is 25 m/min (meter per minute), the feed amount is 0.2 mm/r
(millimeter per number of cutting edge), the cutting depth is 0.5
mm, the measurement rod has a diameter of 20 mm, and C36000 alloy
is taken as a reference. The relative cutting rate is derived by
measuring the cutting resistance.
[0052] The relative cutting rate =cutting resistance of C36000
alloy/cutting resistance of the sample.
[0053] .circleincircle. indicates a relative cutting rate larger
than 85%; and o indicates a relative cutting rate larger than
70%.
[0054] Both the tensile strength measurement and the elongation
rate measurement, as used herein, are performed in the cast state
at room temperature as an elongation measurement. The elongation
rate refers to a ratio between the total deformation of gauge
section after elongation .DELTA.L and the initial gauge length L of
the sample in percentage: .delta.=.DELTA.L/L.times.100%. The
reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and
specification, i.e., C36000 alloy.
[0055] According to measurement, the proportions for constituents
of C36000 alloy are listed as follow, in the unit of weight
percentage (wt %):
TABLE-US-00001 copper zinc bismuth antimony manganese aluminum lead
iron Material No. (Cu) (Zn) (Bi) (Sb) (Mn) (Al) tin (Sn) (Pb) (Fe)
C36000 alloy 60.53 36.26 0 0 0 0 0.12 2.97 0.12
[0056] FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating
an example of the inventive product 3, which comprises the steps
of:
[0057] Step S100: providing copper and manganese. In this step, a
copper-manganese alloy can be provided as the precursor of copper
and manganese elements.
[0058] Step S102: heating the copper-manganese precursor alloy to
1000-1050.degree. C. to form a copper-manganese alloy melt. In this
step, the copper-manganese alloy can be added into the
high-frequency melting furnace, and heated to melt in the melting
furnace. The temperature can be elevated to 1000-1050.degree. C.,
and even up to 1100.degree. C., for 5-10 minutes, so that the
copper-manganese alloy is melt into a copper-manganese alloy melt.
With these actions, it is possible to prevent the melt copper
manganese from absorbing a lot of external gases (due to a too high
temperature), which may otherwise result in cracking in the molded
alloy.
[0059] Step S104: decreasing the temperature of the
copper-manganese alloy melt to 950-1000.degree. C. In this step,
when the temperature in the melting furnace is elevated to
1000-1050.degree. C. for a durationi of 5-10 minutes, the power
supply of the high-frequency melting furnace is turned off, so that
the temperature in the melting furnace is reduced to
950-1000.degree. C., while the copper-manganese alloy melt is
maintained in the melt state.
[0060] Step S106: covering the surface of copper-manganese alloy
melt with a glass slagging agent. In this step, the surface of
copper-manganese alloy melt is covered with the glass slagging
agent at 950-1000.degree. C. This step can effectively prevent the
melt from contacting the air, and prevent zinc to be added in the
next step from boiling and evaporating due to melting at a high
temperature of 950-1000.degree. C.
[0061] Step S108: adding zinc to the copper-manganese alloy melt to
form a copper-manganese-zinc melt. In this step, zinc is added to
the melting furnace, and is immersed into the copper-manganese
alloy melt, so that zinc is sufficiently melt in the
copper-manganese alloy melt to form a copper-manganese-zinc
melt.
[0062] Step S110: deslagging the copper-manganese-zinc melt. In
this step, the copper-manganese-zinc melt can be stirred and mixed
under the action high-frequency induction, and then the slagging
agent can be removed. Then, the copper-manganese-zinc melt is
deslagged with a deslagging agent.
[0063] Step S112: adding antimony, aluminum, tin, and magnesium to
the copper-manganese-zinc melt to form a metal melt. In this step,
copper antimony precursor alloy, copper aluminum precursor alloy,
copper tin precursor alloy, and copper magnesium alloy can be added
to the copper-manganese-zinc melt.
[0064] Step S114: elevating the temperature of the metal melt to
1000-1050.degree. C., and adding copper boron alloy and phosphorus
copper alloy to form a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass
alloy melt.
[0065] Step S116: discharging the brass alloy melt for casting to
form the brass alloy. In this step, the brass alloy melt is stirred
evenly, the discharging temperature is controlled at
1000-1050.degree. C., and finally the brass alloy melt is
discharged to casting a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass
alloy which exhibits good processability, dezincification
resistance, and mechanical performance.
[0066] Embodiment 1
[0067] Table 1-1 lists inventive products 1 with 5 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 1001-1005, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1-1 No. copper (Cu) zinc (Zn) magnesium (Mg)
antimony (Sb) 1001 62.605 36.839 0.254 0.010 1002 64.355 34.819
0.402 0.022 1003 65.000 34.198 0.100 0.150 1004 60.000 39.373 0.122
0.103 1005 61.005 38.040 0.500 0.143
[0068] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0069] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00003 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 1001 348 12
.circleincircle. .smallcircle. 1002 367 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 1003 275 21 .smallcircle. .circleincircle. 1004
281 13 .smallcircle. .smallcircle. 1005 328 15 .smallcircle.
.circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9 .circleincircle.
[0070] Embodiment 2
[0071] Table 2-1 lists inventive products 2 with 5 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 2001-2005, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2-1 magnesium antimony manganese phosphorus
No. copper (Cu) zinc (Zn) (Mg) (Sb) (Mn) (P) 2001 60.000 39.044
0.352 0.012 -- 0.300 2002 64.501 34.340 0.403 0.010 0.302 0.152
2003 63.522 35.226 0.500 0.150 0.050 -- 2004 65.000 34.144 0.220
0.132 0.252 0.050 2005 61.522 37.173 0.100 0.051 0.500 0.252
[0072] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0073] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00005 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 2001 368 12
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 2002 367 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 2003 335 21 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 2004
381 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 2005 308 15
.circleincircle. .smallcircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0074] Embodiment 3
[0075] Table 3-1 lists inventive products 3 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 3001-3008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 3-1 copper magnesium antimony aluminum
manganese phosphorus boron No. (Cu) zinc (Zn) (Mg) (Sb) (Al) tin
(Sn) (Mn) (P) (B) 3001 63.502 35.309 0.103 0.018 0.500 0.052 0.050
0.173 0.001 3002 60.000 37.758 0.500 0.047 0.522 0.500 0.051 0.252
-- 3003 65.221 33.233 0.487 0.010 0.622 0.050 0.032 0.050 0.010
3004 63.523 34.577 0.273 0.095 0.303 0.351 0.067 0.300 0.008 3005
63.210 34.673 0.100 0.032 0.700 -- 0.500 0.178 0.004 3006 65.000
33.244 0.211 0.150 0.352 0.235 0.253 -- 0.003 3007 60.351 38.339
0.195 0.111 -- 0.111 0.488 0.203 -- 3008 60.132 38.716 0.107 0.100
0.100 -- 0.231 0.210 0.002
[0076] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0077] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00007 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 3001 368 12
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 3002 357 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 3003 335 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 3004
381 11 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 3005 388 10
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 3006 363 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 3007 323 15 .circleincircle. .smallcircle. 3008
319 17 .smallcircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0078] Embodiment 4
[0079] Table 4-1 lists inventive products 4 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 4001-4008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 4-1 copper magnesium antimony manganese
aluminum phosphorus boron No. (Cu) zinc (Zn) (Mg) (Sb) (Mn) (Al)
tin (Sn) (P) (B) 4001 61.833 37.142 0.302 0.011 0.050 0.155 0.050
0.155 -- 4002 62.501 36.327 0.253 0.015 -- 0.200 0.355 0.050 0.008
4003 60.000 38.425 0.271 0.122 0.053 0.100 0.500 0.179 0.010 4004
65.000 32.643 0.500 0.010 0.253 0.534 0.454 0.300 0.005 4005 63.550
34.411 0.233 0.045 0.500 0.653 0.300 -- 0.006 4006 60.221 37.902
0.244 0.150 -- 0.700 -- 0.222 0.009 4007 62.324 35.999 0.135 0.135
0.488 -- 0.183 0.214 -- 4008 64.049 34.511 0.100 0.052 0.325 0.454
0.143 0.063 0.001
[0080] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0081] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00009 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 4001 368 12
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 4002 327 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 4003 335 21 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 4004
381 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 4005 388 10
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 4006 377 13 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 4007 301 10 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 4008
391 9 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0082] Embodiment 5
[0083] Table 5-1 lists inventive products 5 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 5001-5008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 5-1 copper magnesium antimony manganese
aluminum phosphorus boron No. (Cu) zinc (Zn) (Mg) (Sb) (Mn) (Al)
tin (Sn) (P) (B) 5001 61.800 37.014 0.231 0.023 0.054 0.100 0.500
0.066 0.010 5002 62.472 36.526 0.207 0.010 0.108 -- 0.325 0.052 --
5003 60.000 38.549 0.100 0.113 0.500 -- 0.486 0.050 -- 5004 62.731
36.021 0.137 0.141 0.192 0.118 0.050 0.194 0.005 5005 62.498 35.400
0.273 0.150 -- 0.700 0.416 -- 0.001 5006 64.032 34.578 0.186 0.013
0.067 0.328 0.377 0.104 0.004 5007 65.000 33.937 0.262 0.109 0.050
-- 0.337 0.103 -- 5008 64.855 32.526 0.500 0.072 0.452 0.676 --
0.300 0.008
[0084] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0085] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00011 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 5001 368 12
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 5002 297 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 5003 335 21 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 5004
371 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 5005 328 15
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 5006 358 13 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 5007 383 12 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 5008
385 10 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0086] Embodiment 6
[0087] Table 6-1 lists inventive products 6 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 6001-6008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 6-1 copper magnesium antimony manganese
aluminum phosphorus boron nickel chrome iron No. (Cu) zinc (Zn)
(Mg) (Sb) (Mn) (Al) tin (Sn) (P) (B) (Ni) (Cr) (Fe) 6001 61.030
37.482 0.332 0.133 -- 0.132 0.500 0.080 0.008 -- -- 0.003 6002
64.501 33.966 0.227 0.120 0.500 -- 0.076 0.050 0.009 -- 0.144 0.007
6003 63.000 35.380 0.150 0.010 0.321 0.100 0.400 0.222 0.001 0.005
0.098 0.023 6004 62.231 36.218 0.100 0.032 -- 0.602 -- 0.300 0.010
-- 0.007 -- 6005 62.875 34.945 0.432 0.088 0.431 0.540 0.050 --
0.007 0.021 -- 0.011 6006 65.000 33.696 0.378 0.117 0.311 -- 0.087
0.077 -- 0.009 0.112 0.013 6007 63.740 33.472 0.436 0.150 0.101
0.700 0.342 0.093 0.005 0.250 0.150 -- 6008 60.000 37.735 0.500
0.093 0.050 0.687 -- 0.103 0.009 0.007 -- 0.250
[0088] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0089] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00013 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 6001 355 13
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 6002 398 10 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 6003 391 11 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 6004
337 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 6005 322 16
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 6006 383 13 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 6007 337 12 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 6008
301 17 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0090] Embodiment 7
[0091] Table 7-1 lists inventive products 7 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 7001-7008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 7-1 manganese phosphorus No. copper (Cu) zinc
(Zn) (Mn) aluminum (Al) tin (Sn) (P) 7001 62.000 37.596 0.050 0.207
0.050 0.095 7002 63.431 35.903 0.223 0.332 0.109 -- 7003 61.118
38.160 0.217 0.100 0.403 -- 7004 60.000 39.525 -- 0.157 0.233 0.083
7005 63.043 35.974 0.431 -- 0.500 0.050 7006 65.000 33.620 0.500
0.541 0.337 -- 7007 62.043 36.929 0.087 0.432 0.207 0.300 7008
64.754 33.867 0.093 0.700 0.331 0.253
[0092] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0093] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00015 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 7001 311 12
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 7002 352 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 7003 365 21 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 7004
334 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 7005 295 11 .smallcircle.
.circleincircle. 7006 293 10 .smallcircle. .circleincircle. 7007
354 12 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 7008 389 10
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0094] Embodiment 8
[0095] Table 8-1 lists inventive products 8 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 8001-8008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 8-1 copper magnesium antimony manganese
aluminum phosphorus No. (Cu) zinc (Zn) (Mg) (Sb) (Mn) (Al) tin (Sn)
(P) boron (B) 8001 63.120 35.186 0.450 0.150 0.055 0.350 0.050
0.087 -- 8002 60.000 39.184 0.100 -- 0.105 0.231 0.377 -- 0.001
8003 61.157 37.521 0.243 0.050 0.374 0.100 0.094 0.050 0.009 8004
62.300 36.508 -- 0.010 -- 0.493 0.178 0.211 0.008 8005 62.138
35.691 0.500 0.130 0.109 0.700 0.203 0.300 0.007 8006 65.000 33.526
0.337 -- 0.500 0.337 0.095 0.198 0.005 8007 63.433 34.703 0.295
0.075 0.089 0.205 0.500 0.188 0.010 8008 63.064 35.416 0.250 0.053
0.050 -- 0.498 0.067 --
[0096] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0097] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00017 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 8001 374 12
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 8002 299 24 .smallcircle.
.circleincircle. 8003 310 19 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 8004
311 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 8005 399 15
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 8006 384 10 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 8007 367 11 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 8008
353 14 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0098] Embodiment 9
[0099] Table 9-1 lists inventive products 9 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 9001-9008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 9-1 copper magnesium antimony manganese
aluminum phosphorus boron nickel chrome iron No. (Cu) zinc (Zn)
(Mg) (Sb) (Mn) (Al) tin (Sn) (P) (B) (Ni) (Cr) (Fe) 9001 60.321
38.107 0.453 0.078 -- 0.293 0.085 0.056 -- -- -- 0.007 9002 61.050
37.387 0.100 0.150 0.067 -- 0.050 0.143 0.009 0.250 0.112 0.132
9003 62.223 36.093 0.118 0.053 0.500 0.100 0.055 -- 0.001 0.148
0.008 0.201 9004 62.350 36.702 0.119 -- 0.109 0.105 0.155 0.050
0.010 -- 0.150 0.250 9005 65.000 32.675 0.500 0.010 0.237 0.700
0.207 0.287 0.007 0.087 -- -- 9006 64.487 33.545 0.373 0.092 0.498
0.583 0.211 -- 0.005 -- 0.006 -- 9007 60.000 38.051 -- 0.147 --
0.473 0.500 0.300 0.004 0.009 0.103 0.113 9008 63.185 35.314 0.208
0.118 0.050 0.373 0.321 0.217 -- 0.007 0.001 0.006
[0100] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0101] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00019 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 9001 310 12
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 9002 318 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 9003 320 21 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 9004
341 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 9005 387 15
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 9006 379 13 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 9007 311 12 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 9008
386 10 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0102] Embodiment 10
[0103] Table 10-1 lists inventive products 10 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 10001-10008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 10-1 copper magnesium antimony manganese
aluminum phosphorus No. (Cu) zinc (Zn) (Mg) (Sb) (Mn) (Al) tin (Sn)
(P) boron (B) 10001 61.099 38.035 0.454 0.054 0.056 -- -- -- --
10002 62.413 36.677 0.500 0.010 0.050 -- 0.050 -- 0.008 10003
60.073 39.148 0.198 0.076 -- 0.203 -- -- -- 10004 60.000 38.183
0.231 0.075 0.432 0.100 0.310 0.067 -- 10005 60.043 37.982 0.100
0.150 0.500 0.507 0.106 0.050 0.010 10006 63.661 34.510 0.307 0.100
0.108 0.700 -- 0.203 0.009 10007 65.000 33.440 0.273 0.054 0.310
0.432 0.088 -- 0.001 10008 64.398 33.251 0.203 0.073 0.298 0.670
0.500 0.300 0.005
[0104] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0105] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00021 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 10001 301 22
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 10002 323 11 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 10003 300 20 .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
10004 311 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 10005 320 10
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 10006 379 13 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 10007 387 12 .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
10008 396 10 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0106] Embodiment 11
[0107] Table 11-1 lists inventive products 11 with 8 different
constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are
respectively numbered as 11001-11008, each constituent being in the
unit of weight percentage (wt %).
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 11-1 copper zinc magnesium antimony manganese
aluminum phosphorus boron nickel chrome iron No. (Cu) (Zn) (Mg)
(Sb) (Mn) (Al) tin (Sn) (P) (B) (Ni) (Cr) (Fe) 11001 61.113 38.185
0.105 0.130 -- -- 0.079 0.067 -- -- -- 0.021 11002 60.002 38.030
0.100 0.111 0.057 0.700 0.204 0.050 -- 0.085 0.111 0.250 11003
60.000 39.013 0.213 0.105 0.050 -- -- 0.134 0.001 0.250 -- 0.034
11004 64.322 33.670 0.322 0.010 0.107 0.455 0.500 0.233 0.007 --
0.084 -- 11005 65.000 33.355 0.206 0.059 -- 0.100 0.344 -- 0.010
0.101 0.015 0.210 11006 63.122 34.726 0.500 0.031 0.500 0.104 0.050
0.300 0.009 0.044 0.009 0.005 11007 62.397 35.662 0.493 0.044 0.432
0.233 -- -- 0.005 0.197 0.030 0.007 11008 64.920 32.869 0.405 0.150
0.210 0.653 0.133 0.095 0.008 0.007 -- --
[0108] Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification
corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation
rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the
cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a
lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e.,
C36000 alloy.
[0109] Results of the measurements about tensile strength,
elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion
resistant performance are listed as follow:
TABLE-US-00023 TENSILE DEZINCIFI- RELATIVE STRENGTH ELONGATION
CATION CUTTING No. (N/mm.sup.2) RATE (%) LAYER RATE 11001 317 13
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 11002 320 12 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 11003 305 18 .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
11004 374 13 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. 11005 378 15
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 11006 381 13 .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. 11007 369 12 .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
11008 391 10 .circleincircle. .circleincircle. C36000 alloy 394 9
.circleincircle.
[0110] As can be seen, the lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free
brass alloy of the invention can be formed by adding various
constituents in respective ratio, and then subjecting them to a
process in a high-frequency melting furnace. The resulting brass
alloy has a mechanical processability which is comparable with that
of the existing lead-containing brass, has an excellent tensile
strength, elongation rate, and dezincification resistance, and is
lead-free. As a result, the brass alloy is suitable for replacing
the existing lead-containing brass alloy and for producing parts
like faucet and sanitary ware.
[0111] Although the invention has been described with respect to
embodiments thereof, these embodiments do not intend to limit the
invention. The ordinary skilled in the art can made modifications
and changes to the invention without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention. Thus, the protection of the invention is
defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *