U.S. patent application number 15/179520 was filed with the patent office on 2016-12-15 for friction reducing oil additive and method of mixing.
The applicant listed for this patent is Harold Shaub. Invention is credited to Harold Shaub.
Application Number | 20160362626 15/179520 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57516367 |
Filed Date | 2016-12-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160362626 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shaub; Harold |
December 15, 2016 |
FRICTION REDUCING OIL ADDITIVE AND METHOD OF MIXING
Abstract
A nano-fluid mixture of an ILSAC GF-5 resource-conserving motor
oil (API SN) of 10W-30 viscosity mixed with a quantity of closed
faceted non-shells carbon, formed by moving amorphous carbon
through a plasma arc providing a heat greater than 5000.degree. C.,
and a non-ionic surfactant having a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide
chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group, then mixing
this nano-dispersant mixture with an ester of glycerol providing at
least one free hydroxyl group, provides a friction-reducing oil
additive beyond the friction reduction experienced by any of these
elements alone or in other combinations.
Inventors: |
Shaub; Harold; (Coppell,
TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Shaub; Harold |
Coppell |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
57516367 |
Appl. No.: |
15/179520 |
Filed: |
June 10, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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62174361 |
Jun 11, 2015 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 161/00 20130101;
C10N 2020/06 20130101; C10M 2209/103 20130101; C10M 2201/041
20130101; C10N 2070/02 20200501; C10M 2209/104 20130101; C10N
2030/54 20200501; C10N 2040/25 20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101;
C10N 2070/00 20130101; C10M 2207/046 20130101; C10M 2207/289
20130101; C10M 2209/104 20130101; C10M 2209/108 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 125/02 20060101
C10M125/02; C10M 141/02 20060101 C10M141/02; C10M 171/06 20060101
C10M171/06 |
Claims
1. A friction-reducing oil additive comprising: closed faceted
nano-shells of carbon, providing an empty inner core; a nonionic
surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain and an
aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group; a lubricating carrier oil
comprised of a resource-conserving oil of SAC GF-5 quality; and, an
ester of glycerol providing at least one free alcohol group.
2. The friction-reducing oil additive of claim 1 wherein the closed
faceted nano-shells of carbon, providing an empty inner core, are
formed by heating an amorphous carbon in a plasma arc having a
temperature higher than 5000.degree. C.
3. The friction-reducing oil additive of claim 1 wherein the
non-ionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide
chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group has a chemical
formula of C.sub.14H.sub.22O(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.n (where
n=9-10).
4. The friction-reducing oil additive of claim 1 wherein the ester
of glycerol providing at least one free alcohol group is glycerol
mono-oleate.
5. A method for manufacture of a friction-reducing oil additive
comprising the steps of: gathering a quantity of amorphous carbon
powder; heating the amorphous carbon powder in a plasma arc to form
a nano-engineered carbon(NEC); mixing the NEC, with a nonionic
surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain and an
aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group; adding a lubricating carrier
oil comprised of a resource-conserving oil of ILSAC GF-5 quality,
to form a nano-engineered-dispersion (NED); and blending a glycerol
mono oleate (GMO) with the NED to form the friction-reducing oil
additive combining 55% by volume of the NED with 45% by volume of
the GMO to form the active friction-reducing nano-fluid oil
additive.
6. A friction-reducing oil additive comprising: a nano-engineered
carbon stream formed by moving amorphous carbon through a
continuous heating in a plasma arc having a temperature higher than
5000.degree. C. forming a plurality of closed faceted shells,
providing an empty inner core, having an outer diameter correlated
to a diameter of the starting amorphous carbon material; a nonionic
surfactant having a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain and an
aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group having a chemical formula of
C.sub.14H.sub.22O(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.n (where n=9-10); a
lubricating carrier oil of a resource-conserving SAE 10W-30 oil, of
ILSAC GF-5 quality, combined to produce a nano-engineered
dispersion (NED); a glycerol mono o oleate to form an active
friction educing additive. The 55 Vol % of NED and 45 Vol % of GMO
provide 0.2 wt. % of NEC and 2.0 wt. % of GMO, respectively, to 5
quarts of engine oil, when 8 ounces of the friction reducing
additive is added to the 5 quarts of engine oil.
7. A method for manufacture of a friction-reducing oil additive
comprising the steps of: gathering a quantity of amorphous carbon
powder having a particle size of between 2 to 5 nm; heating the
amorphous carbon powder in a plasma arc to least 5000.degree. C. to
form a nano-engineered carbon(NEC); mixing the NEC, with a nonionic
surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain arid an
aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group, having a chemical formula of
C.sub.14H.sub.22O(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.n (where n=9-10); adding a
lubricating carrier oil of a resource-conserving SAE 10W-30 oil of
ILSAC GF-5 quality, to form a nano-engineered-dispersion (NED);
blending the NED with a glycerol mono oleate (GMO) to form an
active friction reducing additive to form a blend of 55 Vol % of
the NED and 45 Vol % of GMO thereby providing 0.2 wt. % of NEC and
2.0 wt. % of GMO when 8 ounces of friction reducing additive are
added to 5 quarts of engine oil.
Description
[0001] The present disclosure relates to an oil additive and a
method for mixing such oil additive; specifically, this disclosure
relates to an oil additive which combines nano-sized carbon
particles in a carrier oil and a non-ionic surfactant which when
combined with an ester of glycerol having at least one hydroxyl
group provides a substantial decrease in friction, greater than the
resource conserving baseline reference oil alone.
BACKGROUND
[0002] It has long been appreciated that friction-reducing motor
oil additives could substantially increase the efficiency of all
engines permitting less wear and greater fuel efficiency. Motor
oils have been developed over time with certain friction modifiers
that allow them to surpass earlier oils in friction reduction and
fuel economy benefits
[0003] For example, ASTM 7589 defines the Sequence VID Engine Test
for Fuel Economy of motors oils which has determined that an ILSAC
GF-5 (API SN) motor oil reduces friction, thereby providing lower
fuel consumption over 100 hours of testing. U.S. Pat. No. 4,105,571
(Aug. 8, 1978) describes the friction reduction of adding an ester
of polycarboxylic acid and a glycol to a zinc dihydroxocarbyl
ditihiophosphate and an ashless dispersant containing a high
molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon oil solubilizing group
thereto and wherein the zinc or ester component are predispersed
prior to adding them to the lubricating composition. U.S. Pat. No.
5,282,990 (Feb. 1, 1994) also describes a friction reducing motor
oil additive adding a blend of amine/amide and ester/alcohol
friction modifying agents, by reacting (a) a carboxylic acid, such
as oleic acid and/or isostearic acid with an amine, such as
diethylene triamine or tetra ethylene pentane, and (b) glycerine
mono oleate and/or glycerine monoricinoleate.
[0004] New technology has recently opened the door to many
additional friction reducing elements such as onion-like
nano-carbons, nano-carbon tubes, graphene sheets and other
additives which have increased the friction reduction in some oils.
See, for example, Alazemi et al.'s paper, "Ultrasmooth
Submicrometer Carbon Spheres as Lubricant Additives for Friction
and Wear Reduction", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
accepted for publication Feb. 17, 2015, pages A-H; and, Matsumoto
et al. "Friction reducing properties of onion-like carbon based
lubricant under high contact pressure." Tribology-Materials,
Surfaces & Interfaces, Vol. 6, No. 3 (September 2012), pp.
116-120.
[0005] Applicants have discovered an improved engine oil additive
that increases the friction reduction capability of the most modern
resource-conserving motor oils utilizing nano-engineered carbon
particles, differing from the ultra smooth carbon spheres of the
Alazemi et al. article and the onion-like carbon particles of the
Matsumoto et al. article, with a non-ionic surfactant carried in an
resource-conserving oil.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0006] A friction-reducing oil additive of the present application
comprises closed faceted nano-shells of carbon, providing an empty
inner core; a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic
polyethylene oxide chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic
group; a lubricating carrier oil comprised of a resource-conserving
oil of ILSAC GF-5 quality; and, an ester of glycerol providing at
least one free alcohol group. The closed faceted nano-shells of
carbon of this additive provides an empty inner core, formed by
heating a quantity of amorphous carbon in a plasma arc having a
temperature higher than 5000.degree. C. which is mixed with a
non-ionic surfactant providing a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide
chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group having a
chemical formula of C.sub.14H.sub.22O(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.n (where
n=9-10). This mixture of closed faced nano-shells of carbon and
non-ionic surfactant is then added to a carrier oil to produce a
nano-engineered dispersion(NED).The NED is then combined with an
ester of glycerol, commonly known as glycerol mono-oleate, to form
the friction reducing oil additive of the present application.
[0007] A method for manufacture of a friction-reducing oil additive
comprises the steps of gathering a quantity of amorphous carbon
powder; heating the amorphous carbon powder in a plasma arc to form
a nano-engineered carbon (NEC); mixing the NEC, after heating in
the plasma arc, with a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic
polyethylene oxide chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic
group; adding a lubricating carrier oil comprised of a
resource-conserving oil of ILSAC GF-5 quality, to form a
nano-engineered-dispersion (NED); and then blending a glycerol mono
oleate (GMO) with the NED to form the friction-reducing oil
additive combining 55% by volume of the NED with 45% by volume of
the GMO to form the active friction reducing nano-fluid oil
additive.
[0008] More specifically, this friction-reducing oil additive
comprises a nano-engineered carbon stream formed by moving
amorphous carbon through a continuous heating in a plasma arc
having a temperature higher than 5000.degree. C. forming a
plurality of closed faceted shells, providing an empty inner core,
having an outer diameter correlated to a diameter of the starting
amorphous carbon material; a nonionic surfactant that has a
hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon
lipophilic group having a chemical formula of
C.sub.14H.sub.22O(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.n (where n=9-10); a
lubricating carrier oil of a resource-conserving SAE 10W-30 oil, of
ILSAC GF-5 quality, combined to produce a nano-engineered
dispersion (NED); a glycerol mono oleate to form an active friction
reducing additive. The 55 Vol % of NEI) and 45 Vol % of GMO provide
0.2 wt. % of NEC and 2.0 wt. % of GMO, respectively, to 5 quarts of
engine oil, when 8 ounces of the friction reducing additive is
added to the 5 quarts of engine oil. The quantity of amorphous
carbon powder provides a particle size of between 2 to 5 nm; which
is then heated in a plasma arc to least 5000.degree. C. to form a
nano-engineered carbon (NEC); this NEC is mixed with a nonionic
surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain and an
aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic group, having a chemical formula of
C.sub.14H.sub.22O(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.n (where n=9-10); which is
then added to a lubricating carrier oil of a resource-conserving
SAE10W-30 oil of ILSAC GF-5 quality, to form a
nano-engineered-dispersion (NED); blending the NEI) with a glycerol
mono oleate (GMO) to form an active friction reducing additive to
form a blend of Vol % of the NED and 45 Vol % of GMO thereby
providing 0.2 wt. % of NEC and 2.0 wt. % of GMO to 5 quarts of
engine oil when 8 ounces of the 55 Vol %/45 Vol % blend is added to
the engine oil.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
Summary of Method of Manufacture
[0009] This friction-reducing oil additive provides a synergistic
effect: of increasing the friction-reducing character of the
component lubricants in a new and unique manner. The conversion of
the amorphous carbon to a highly graphitized three-dimensional
closed structure, often with an empty inner core, is accomplished
by passing a sufficient quantity of amorphous carbon through an arc
which is maintained at a heat higher than 5000.degree. C. producing
concentric shells with outer diameters correlated to the diameter
of the starting amorphous carbon particles. These nano-engineered
carbon particles (NEC) differ from carbon nano-onions or onion-like
carbons, which are concentric spheres often completely filled to
the core. Spacing between layers is less than in the onion-like
structures due to imposed spherical strain.
[0010] These forms of onion-like carbon are typically formed in a
high temperature vacuum furnace process, with temperatures set to
exceed 1700.degree. C. to effect the conversion. This batch process
is exceedingly slow, with long temperature cycle times and meager
production rates. The new process of passing the amorphous carbon
particles through an arc with a temperature in excess of
5000.degree. C. permits the continuous production of NEC. The use
of the plasma arc allows phase diverging electrode configuration
that is self stabilizing, low maintenance and scalable for
efficient manufacturing of the friction-reducing oil additive of
the present application.
[0011] These closed-shell nano-carbon faceted shells can be the
primary base material for manufacturing of the nano-fluid
dispersion forming the first part of the friction-reducing oil
additive. The nano-particles formed by this process are smaller
than 100 nm in diameter and, when combined with a non-ionic
surfactant having a chemical formula of
C.sub.14H.sub.22O(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.n (where n=9-10), sometimes
identified as Triton X-100, a registered trademark of Rohm &
Haas Co., form a nano-fluid which is combined with an SAE 10W-30
carrier lubricating oil having an ILSAC GF-5 or better quality
rating, also identified as API SN, resource-conserving oil
providing a nano-engineered dispersion (NED) of 0.2 wt % when 8
ounces of NED are added to 5 quarts of engine oil, which exhibits
increased lubricity in bench friction tests. This NED alone
provides additional friction reduction of 12.5% over the engine oil
alone.
[0012] As previously described, U.S. Pat. No. 4,105,571 (Aug. 8,
1978), a lubricating compound which imparts reduced engine friction
and improved fuel economy can be formed from an ester of
polycarboxylic acid and a glycol. The polar functionality present
in the reaction product of the polycarboxylic acid and the glycol
is also present in glycerol mono oleate (GMO) described above. The
GMO, at 2.0 wt. %, was tested in the same reference SAE 5W-30 ILSAC
GF-5 engine oil, using the same bench friction tests described
above. This test indicated that this mixture provided an additional
15.0% friction reduction benefit: relative to the resource
conserving, ILSAC GE-5, SAE 5W-30 reference oil.
[0013] When both the NED and the GMO are combined in the ratio of
55 vol % NED to 45 vol % of GMO, the additional friction reduction
increases to 20.0%.
Demonstration of Friction Reduction by Bench Testing
[0014] Applicant has tested the claimed composition of motor oil
additive using the SRV(R) Test System 20 mm 52100 Steel Ball/Steel
Disk MO step4 conditions. Using a commercial SAE 5W-30 oil
providing friction modifiers is a ILSAC GF-5 quality oil satisfying
the Sequence VII) Test, ASTM D7589. The first test was the pure SAE
5W-30, ILSAC GF-5, resource-conserving reference oil as a baseline.
Next, the reference oil plus the NED (providing a 0.2 wt % of the
NEC) described herein was tested resulting in a 12.5% increase in
friction reduction, as measured by the area under the curve by
plotting the coefficient of friction versus time resulting from the
load test run by the Optimal Instruments SRV (R) Tribometer.
Following that test, 2.0 wt. % of GMO in baseline reference oil was
tested and exhibited a 15% increase in friction reduction. When the
two anti-friction additives were mixed together (0.2 wt.% of NEC
and 2.0 wt. % of GMO), and tested in the baseline reference oil, a
20% additional friction reduction was experienced, suggesting the
synergistic effect of adding these two anti-friction elements to
the reference oil.
[0015] To verify that the increase in total weight for both
additives was not less successful, the NED in combination with the
ILSAC GF-5 motor oil was increased to provide a 2.2 wt % of the NEC
in the mixture resulting in only a 6.6% increase in friction
reduction. When the GMO in combination with the ILSAC GF-5 motor
oil was increased to 2.2 wt %, the test indicated only a 5%
increase in friction reduction, suggesting that an increase in the
addition of either NED or GMO neither added to the friction
reducing properties of the two elements when used in the specific
combination suggested herein.
[0016] It is believed that any mono ester of glycerol containing at
least one free hydroxyl group and could also be constructed by a
mixture of mono and di-esters of glycerol as a source of the
friction-reducing properties as long as at least one free hydroxyl
group is available to the combined composition.
[0017] As might he evident to one skilled in this art, various
modifications or enhancements to the invention can be made or
followed in light of the foregoing disclosure without departing
from the scope of the invention in the claims as set: forth
herein.
* * * * *