U.S. patent application number 15/111330 was filed with the patent office on 2016-11-17 for intermediate film for laminated glass, laminated glass and method for fitting laminated glass.
The applicant listed for this patent is SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Izumi Matsumoto, Daisuke Nakajima, Kouhei Yamaguchi, Masaki Yamamoto.
Application Number | 20160332424 15/111330 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53757193 |
Filed Date | 2016-11-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160332424 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yamaguchi; Kouhei ; et
al. |
November 17, 2016 |
INTERMEDIATE FILM FOR LAMINATED GLASS, LAMINATED GLASS AND METHOD
FOR FITTING LAMINATED GLASS
Abstract
There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass which
is high in heat shielding properties. The interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention includes an
infrared ray reflection layer which reflects infrared rays, a first
resin layer which is arranged on a first surface side of the
infrared ray reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic resin
and a second resin layer which is arranged on a second surface side
of the infrared ray reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic
resin, and the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm of the first resin layer is higher by 10% or more than
the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm
of the second resin layer.
Inventors: |
Yamaguchi; Kouhei;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) ; Yamamoto; Masaki;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) ; Nakajima; Daisuke;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) ; Matsumoto; Izumi;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. |
Osaka-city, Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Family ID: |
53757193 |
Appl. No.: |
15/111330 |
Filed: |
January 30, 2015 |
PCT Filed: |
January 30, 2015 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2015/052773 |
371 Date: |
July 13, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 17/10165 20130101;
B32B 17/1022 20130101; B32B 17/10018 20130101; B32B 17/10633
20130101; B32B 27/08 20130101; B32B 2367/00 20130101; B32B 27/20
20130101; B32B 2307/304 20130101; B32B 27/22 20130101; B32B
17/10504 20130101; B32B 17/10688 20130101; B32B 27/306 20130101;
B32B 2264/102 20130101; B32B 17/10614 20130101; B32B 17/10761
20130101; B32B 2419/00 20130101; B32B 17/10651 20130101; B32B
17/10678 20130101; B32B 2605/00 20130101; B32B 17/10201 20130101;
B32B 17/10036 20130101; B32B 2307/416 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B32B 17/10 20060101
B32B017/10 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 31, 2014 |
JP |
2014-016453 |
Jan 31, 2014 |
JP |
2014-016454 |
Claims
1. An interlayer film for laminated glass, comprising an infrared
ray reflection layer which reflects infrared rays; a first resin
layer which is arranged on a first surface side of the infrared ray
reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic resin, and a second
resin layer which is arranged on a second surface side opposite to
the first surface of the infrared ray reflection layer and contains
a thermoplastic resin, and the infrared ray transmittance in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first resin layer being higher
by 10% or more than the infrared ray transmittance in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the second resin layer.
2. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to
2100 nm of the first resin layer is higher by 30% or more than the
infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of
the second resin layer.
3. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the infrared ray reflection layer is a resin film with
metal foil, a multilayer laminated film in which a metal layer and
a dielectric layer are formed on a resin layer, a multilayer resin
film or a liquid crystal film.
4. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein at least one among the first resin layer and the second
resin layer contains an adhesive force regulating agent.
5. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 4,
wherein both of the first resin layer and the second resin layer
contain an adhesive force regulating agent.
6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the second resin layer contains metal oxide particles.
7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 6,
wherein the metal oxide particles are tin-doped indium oxide
particles or tungsten oxide particles.
8. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the second resin layer contains at least one kind among a
phthalocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound and an
anthracyanine compound.
9. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the thermoplastic resin in the first resin layer is a
polyvinyl acetal resin and the thermoplastic resin in the second
resin layer is a polyvinyl acetal resin.
10. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the first resin layer contains a plasticizer and the second
resin layer contains a plasticizer.
11. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
herein the first resin layer contains an ultraviolet ray shielding
agent.
12. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the second resin layer contains an ultraviolet ray
shielding agent.
13. Laminated glass, comprising a first laminated glass member, a
second laminated glass member and an interlayer film for laminated
glass according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer film for
laminated glass is arranged between the first laminated glass
member and the second laminated glass member, the first laminated
glass member is arranged on the outside of the first resin layer in
the interlayer film for laminated glass, and the second laminated
glass member is arranged on the outside of the second resin layer
in the interlayer film for laminated glass.
14. The laminated glass according to claim 13, wherein the infrared
ray transmittance in the wavelength of 760 to 2100 nm of the first
laminated glass member is higher than the infrared ray
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the second
laminated glass member.
15. The laminated glass according to claim 14, wherein the infrared
ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first
laminated glass member is higher by 10% or more than the infrared
ray transmittance in the wavelength of 760 to 2100 nm of the second
laminated glass member.
16. A method for fitting laminated glass according to claim 14 for
a building or a vehicle into an opening part between an outer space
and an inner space into which heat rays are made incident from the
outer space, comprising the step of fitting the laminated glass
into the opening part so that the first laminated glass member is
positioned at the outer space side and the second laminated glass
member is positioned at the inner space side.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for
laminated glass used for laminated glass of automobiles, buildings
and the like. Moreover, the present invention relates to laminated
glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated glass and a
method for fitting laminated glass.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Since laminated glass generates only a small amount of
scattering glass fragments even when subjected to external impact
and broken, laminated glass is excellent in safety. As such, the
laminated glass is widely used for automobiles, railway vehicles,
aircraft, ships, buildings and the like. The laminated glass is
produced by sandwiching an interlayer film for laminated glass
between a pair of glass plates. Such laminated glass used for the
opening part of vehicles and buildings is required to have high
heat shielding properties.
[0003] The energy amount of an infrared ray with a wavelength
greater than or equal to 780 nm which is longer than that of
visible light is small as compared with an ultraviolet ray.
However, the thermal action of infrared rays is large, and when
infrared rays are absorbed into a substance, heat is released from
the substance. As such, infrared rays are generally called heat
rays. Thus, in order to enhance the heat shielding properties of
laminated glass, it is necessary to sufficiently cut off infrared
rays.
[0004] As an interlayer film including heat shielding particles for
effectively cutting off the infrared rays (heat rays), the
following Patent Document 1 discloses an interlayer film including
tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) or antimony-doped
tin oxide particles (ATO particles). The following Patent Document
2 discloses an interlayer film including tungsten oxide
particles.
RELATED ART DOCUMENT
Patent Document
[0005] Patent Document 1: WO 2001/025162 A1
[0006] Patent Document 2: WO 2005/087680 A1
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0007] In recent years, laminated glass prepared with an interlayer
film is required to achieve both high heat shielding properties and
high visible light transmittance (Visible Transmittance) at the
same time. That is, with regard to the laminated glass, it is
necessary to enhance the heat shielding properties while
maintaining the visible light transmittance high.
[0008] However, there are cases where high heat shielding
properties and high visible light transmittance cannot be achieved
at the same time by the conventional laminated glass such as those
described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide an
interlayer film for laminated glass which is high in heat shielding
properties, laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for
laminated glass and a method for fitting laminated glass.
[0010] An object of the present invention with limitation is to
provide an interlayer film for laminated glass which is high in
heat shielding properties and is high in visible light
transmittance, and an object of the present invention with
limitation is to provide laminated glass prepared with the
interlayer film for laminated glass and a method for fitting
laminated glass.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0011] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there
is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass including an
infrared ray reflection layer which reflects infrared rays, a first
resin layer which is arranged on a first surface side of the
infrared ray reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic resin,
and a second resin layer which is arranged on a second surface side
opposite to the first surface of the infrared ray reflection layer
and contains a thermoplastic resin, and the infrared ray
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first
resin layer being higher by 10% or more than the infrared ray
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the second
resin layer.
[0012] The infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to
2100 nm of the first resin layer is preferably higher by 30% or
more than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm of the second resin layer.
[0013] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film for laminated
glass according to the present invention, the infrared ray
reflection layer is a resin film with metal foil, a multilayer
laminated film in which a metal layer and a dielectric layer are
formed on a resin layer, a multilayer resin film or a liquid
crystal film.
[0014] It is preferred that at least one among the first resin
layer and the second resin layer contain an adhesive force
regulating agent. It is more preferred that both of the first resin
layer and the second resin layer contain an adhesive force
regulating agent.
[0015] In another specific aspect of the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention, the second
resin layer contains metal oxide particles.
[0016] In yet another specific aspect of the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention, the metal oxide
particles are tin-doped indium oxide particles or tungsten oxide
particles.
[0017] In a different specific aspect of the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention, the second
resin layer contains at least one kind among a phthalocyanine
compound, a naphthalocyanine compound and an anthracyanine
compound.
[0018] In a different specific aspect of the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention, the
thermoplastic resin in the first resin layer is a polyvinyl acetal
resin and the thermoplastic resin in the second resin layer is a
polyvinyl acetal resin.
[0019] In a further different specific aspect of the interlayer
film for laminated glass according to the present invention, the
first resin layer contains a plasticizer and the second resin layer
contains a plasticizer.
[0020] In another specific aspect of the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention, the first resin
layer contains an ultraviolet ray shielding agent.
[0021] In yet another specific aspect of the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention, the second
resin layer contains an ultraviolet ray shielding agent.
[0022] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there
is provided laminated glass including a first laminated glass
member, a second laminated glass member and an interlayer film for
laminated glass described above, wherein the interlayer film for
laminated glass is arranged between the first laminated glass
member and the second laminated glass member, the first laminated
glass member is arranged on the outside of the first resin layer in
the interlayer film for laminated glass, and the second laminated
glass member is arranged on the outside of the second resin layer
in the interlayer film for laminated glass.
[0023] In a specific aspect of the laminated glass according to the
present invention, the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength
of 780 to 2100 nm of the first laminated glass member is higher
than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to
2100 nm of the second laminated glass member.
[0024] In a specific aspect of the laminated glass according to the
present invention, the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength
of 780 to 2100 nm of the first laminated glass member is higher by
10% or more than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength
of 780 to 2100 nm of the second laminated glass member.
[0025] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there
is provided a method for fitting the above-described laminated
glass for a building or a vehicle into an opening part between an
outer space and an inner space into which heat rays are made
incident from the outer space, including the step of fitting the
laminated glass into the opening part so that the first laminated
glass member is positioned at the outer space side and the second
laminated glass member is positioned at the inner space side.
Effect of the Invention
[0026] Since the interlayer film for laminated glass according to
the present invention allows the first resin layer, the infrared
ray reflection layer and the second resin layer to be superposedly
arranged in this order and the infrared ray transmittance in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first resin layer is higher by
10% or more than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength
of 780 to 2100 nm of the second resin layer, it is possible to
enhance the heat shielding properties of laminated glass prepared
with the interlayer film for laminated glass.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away sectional view showing an
interlayer film for laminated glass in accordance with one
embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] FIG. 2 is a partially cut-away sectional view showing
laminated glass prepared with an interlayer film for laminated
glass in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention.
MODE (S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0029] Hereinafter, the present invention will be elucidated by
describing specific embodiments and examples of the present
invention with reference to the drawings.
[0030] FIG. 1 shows laminated glass prepared with an interlayer
film for laminated glass in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention schematically represented as a partially cut-away
sectional view.
[0031] An interlayer film 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a multilayer
interlayer film. The interlayer film 1 is used for obtaining
laminated glass. The interlayer film 1 is an interlayer film for
laminated glass. The interlayer film 1 is provided with an infrared
ray reflection layer 2, a first resin layer 3 arranged on a first
surface 2a side of the infrared ray reflection layer 2 and a second
resin layer 4 arranged on a second surface 2b side opposite to the
first surface 2a of the infrared ray reflection layer 2. The first
resin layer 3 is layered on the first surface 2a of the infrared
ray reflection layer 2. The second resin layer 4 is layered on the
second surface 2b of the infrared ray reflection layer 2. The
infrared ray reflection layer 2 is an intermediate layer and has
heat ray reflecting performance. In the present embodiment, the
first and second resin layers 3 and 4 are surface layers. The
infrared ray reflection layer 2 is arranged between the first and
second resin layers 3 and 4. The infrared ray reflection layer 2 is
sandwiched between the first and second resin layers 3 and 4.
Accordingly, the interlayer film 1 has a multilayer structure in
which the first resin layer 3, the infrared ray reflection layer 2
and the second resin layer 4 are layered in this order.
[0032] In this connection, other layers may be arranged between the
infrared ray reflection layer 2 and the first resin layer 3 and
between the infrared ray reflection layer 2 and the second resin
layer 4, respectively. It is preferred that the first resin layer 3
and the second resin layer 4 each be directly layered on the
infrared ray reflection layer 2. Examples of another layer include
a layer containing a thermoplastic resin such as a polyvinyl acetal
resin, a layer containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene
naphthalate and the like, and a layer formed of an inorganic
compound such as metal foil. In the case where such other layers
are included, only one kind of the layer may be included and two or
more kinds of different layers may be included.
[0033] The infrared ray reflection layer reflects infrared rays.
The infrared ray reflection layer is not particularly limited as
long as the layer has infrared ray reflecting performance. Because
the infrared ray reflection layer is allowed to be excellent in
infrared ray reflecting performance, it is preferred that the
infrared ray reflection layer have a characteristic having the
infrared ray transmittance of less than or equal to 40% in at least
one wavelength within the range of 800 to 2000 nm. In this
connection, the infrared ray transmittance of an infrared ray
reflection layer used in the example described below satisfies the
above-mentioned preferred condition. In at least one wavelength
within the range of 800 to 2000 nm, the infrared ray transmittance
is more preferably less than or equal to 30% and further preferably
less than or equal to 20%.
[0034] Examples of the infrared ray reflection layer include a
resin film with metal foil, a multilayer laminated film in which a
metal layer and a dielectric layer are formed on a resin layer, a
film containing graphite, a multilayer resin film, a liquid crystal
film, and the like. These films have infrared ray reflecting
performance.
[0035] It is especially preferred that the infrared ray reflection
layer be a resin film with metal foil, a film containing graphite,
a multilayer resin film or a liquid crystal film. These films are
highly excellent in infrared ray reflecting performance.
Accordingly, by the use of these films, it is possible to obtain
laminated glass in which the heat shielding properties are further
enhanced and high visible light transmittance can be maintained
over a longer period of time. The infrared ray reflection layer may
be a resin film with metal foil, a multilayer resin film or a
liquid crystal film.
[0036] The resin film with metal foil is provided with a resin film
and metal foil layered on the outer surface of the resin film.
Examples of the material for the resin film include a polyethylene
terephthalate resin, a polyethylene naphthalate resin, a polyvinyl
acetal resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, an
ethylene-acryl copolymer resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyvinyl
alcohol resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a
polyimide resin and the like. Examples of the material for the
metal foil include aluminum, copper, silver, gold, palladium, an
alloy containing these metals, and the like.
[0037] The multilayer laminated film in which a metal layer and a
dielectric layer are formed on a resin layer is a multilayer
laminated film in which metal layers and dielectric layers are
alternately layered in an arbitrary number of layers on a resin
layer (resin film).
[0038] Examples of the material for the resin layer (resin film) in
the multilayer laminated film include the same material as the
material for the resin film in the resin film with metal foil.
Examples of the material for the resin layer (resin film) in the
multilayer laminated film include polyethylene, polypropylene,
polylactic acid, poly(4-methylpentene-1), polyvinylidene fluoride,
a cyclic polyolefin, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride,
polyvinyl alcohol, a polyamide such as nylon 6, 11, 12 and 66,
polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate,
polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide,
polyetherimide and the like. Examples of the material for the metal
layer in the multilayer laminated film include the same material as
the material for the metal foil in the resin film with metal foil.
On both sides or on one side of the metal layer, a coat layer of a
metal or a mixed oxide can be provided. Examples of the material
for the coat layer include ZnO, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Ga.sub.2O.sub.3,
InO.sub.3, MgO, Ti, NiCr, Cu and the like.
[0039] Examples of the material for the dielectric layer in the
multilayer laminated film include indium oxide and the like.
[0040] The multilayer resin film is a laminated film in which
plural resin films are layered. Examples of the material for the
multilayer resin film include the same material as the material for
the resin layer (resin film) in the multilayer laminated film. The
number of laminations of resin films in the multilayer resin film
is greater than or equal to 2, may be greater than or equal to 3,
and may be greater than or equal to 5. The number of laminations of
resin films in the multilayer resin film may be less than or equal
to 1000, may be less than or equal to 100, and may be less than or
equal to 50.
[0041] The multilayer resin film may be a multilayer resin film in
which two or more kinds of thermoplastic resin layers having a
different optical property (refractive index) are alternately or
randomly layered in an arbitrary number of layers. Such a
multilayer resin film is constituted so that desired infrared ray
reflecting performance is attained.
[0042] Examples of the liquid crystal film include a film prepared
by layering cholesteric liquid crystal layers which reflect light
with an arbitrary wavelength in an arbitrary number of layers. Such
a liquid crystal film is constituted so that desired infrared ray
reflecting performance is attained.
[0043] The infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to
2100 nm of the first resin layer is higher by 10% or more than the
infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of
the second resin layer. Accordingly, considering from a different
point of view, the infrared ray absorptance of the first resin
layer is lower than the infrared ray absorptance of the second
resin layer.
[0044] Laminated glass prepared with an interlayer film has
hitherto been sometimes low in heat shielding properties and
sometimes high in Tts (Total solar energy transmitted through a
glazing). Furthermore, with regard to the conventional laminated
glass, there is a problem that achieving both low Tts and high
visible light transmittance (Visible Transmittance) at the same
time is difficult.
[0045] In contrast, since the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention is provided with the infrared
ray reflection layer, and furthermore, first and second resin
layers are arranged on both sides of the infrared ray reflection
layer and the infrared ray transmittance of the first resin layer
is higher than the infrared ray transmittance of the second resin
layer, it is possible to enhance the heat shielding properties of
laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass according to the present invention. Furthermore, it is
possible to enhance the visible light transmittance of laminated
glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention. In the present invention, it is
possible to obtain laminated glass which is low in Tts serving as
an index of heat shielding properties, and furthermore, it is
possible to obtain laminated glass which is high in visible light
transmittance as described above. For example, it is possible to
make the Tts of laminated glass less than or equal to 60% and make
the visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 65%.
Furthermore, it is also possible to make the Tts less than or equal
to 55%, it is also possible to make the Tts less than or equal to
50%, and furthermore, it is possible to make the visible light
transmittance greater than or equal to 70%.
[0046] Moreover, since the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention is provided with the
above-described configuration, it is possible to obtain laminated
glass which is low in Tds (direct solar energy transmitted through
a glazing) serving as an index of heat shielding properties. For
example, it is possible to make the Tds of laminated glass less
than or equal to 50%, it is also possible to make the Tds less than
or equal to 45%, it is also possible to make the Tds less than or
equal to 41%, and furthermore, it is possible to make the Tds less
than or equal to 40%.
[0047] The first resin layer transmits a relatively large quantity
of infrared rays. As such, most of the infrared rays transmitted
through the first resin layer reach the infrared ray reflection
layer. Since the infrared ray reflection layer reflects infrared
rays, infrared rays which have reached the infrared ray reflection
layer are reflected by the infrared ray reflection layer. Moreover,
because the infrared ray transmittance of the first resin layer is
high, most of the infrared rays reflected by the infrared ray
reflection layer are transmitted through the first resin layer. As
a result, a rise in the temperature of an interlayer film at the
time when infrared rays are made incident into the interlayer film
can be suppressed. As such, the heat shielding properties of the
interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present
invention are enhanced, and furthermore, high visible light
transmittance can be maintained over a long period of time since
the interlayer film for laminated glass is excellent in light
resistance. Moreover, by fitting laminated glass prepared with the
interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present
invention into an opening part of a building or a vehicle, a rise
in the temperature of an inner space of a building or a vehicle can
be effectively suppressed.
[0048] On the other hand, if the first resin layer and the infrared
ray reflection layer transmit a part of infrared rays at all, the
transmitted infrared rays reach the second resin layer. Since the
infrared ray transmittance of the second resin layer is relatively
low, the second resin layer effectively cuts off the transmission
of infrared rays. As such, the quantity of heat rays passing
through the whole interlayer film can be reduced. This also enables
the heat shielding properties of the interlayer film for laminated
glass according to the present invention to be enhanced, and by
fitting laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to the present invention into an opening
part of a building or a vehicle, a rise in the temperature of an
inner space of a building or a vehicle can be effectively
suppressed.
[0049] Moreover, as a result of allowing the quantity of infrared
rays which reach the second resin layer to be reduced, the
deterioration of the second resin layer can be suppressed and the
light resistance of the interlayer film as a whole is enhanced. As
such, high visible light transmittance can be maintained over a
long period of time. Furthermore, in the case where the second
resin layer contains a heat shielding compound such as heat
shielding particles, the deterioration of the heat shielding
compound can also be suppressed and high heat shielding properties
can be maintained over a long period of time.
[0050] Since the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of
780 to 2100 nm of the first resin layer is higher by 10% or more
than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to
2100 nm of the second resin layer, it is preferred that the first
resin layer and the second resin layer be different from each other
in composition. In this connection, even when the first resin layer
and the second resin layer are the same as each other in
composition, by making the thickness of the first resin layer
thinner than the thickness of the second resin layer, it is
possible to make the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength
of 780 to 2100 nm of the first resin layer higher than the infrared
ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the second
resin layer.
[0051] When the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm of the first resin layer is defined as Tx1 and the
infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of
the second resin layer is defined as Tx2, Tx1 is higher by 10% or
more than Tx2. Because the heat shielding properties of laminated
glass are further enhanced, it is preferred that Tx1 be higher by
20% or more than Tx2, it is more preferred that Tx1 be higher by
25% or more than Tx2 and it is further preferred that Tx1 be higher
by 30% or more than Tx2. Although the upper limit of a value of
(Tx1-Tx2) is not particularly limited, because the transparency of
laminated glass is further enhanced, it is preferred that (Tx1-Tx2)
be less than or equal to 70%, it is more preferred that (Tx1-Tx2)
be less than or equal to 60%, it is further preferred that
(Tx1-Tx2) be less than or equal to 50% and it is especially
preferred that (Tx1-Tx2) be less than or equal to 40%. For the
purpose of further enhancing the heat shielding properties and
transparency of laminated glass, the preferred lower limit of Tx1
is 60%, the preferred upper limit thereof is 90%, the more
preferred lower limit thereof is 65%, the more preferred upper
limit thereof is 85%, the further preferred lower limit thereof is
70%, the further preferred upper limit thereof is 80% and the
especially preferred lower limit thereof is 75%. Moreover, for the
purpose of further enhancing the heat shielding properties and
transparency of laminated glass, the preferred lower limit of Tx2
is 18%, the more preferred lower limit thereof is 20%, the
preferred upper limit thereof is 75%, the further preferred lower
limit thereof is 25%, the more preferred upper limit thereof is
65%, the especially preferred lower limit thereof is 30%, the
further preferred upper limit thereof is 55%, the most preferred
lower limit thereof is 35% and the especially preferred upper limit
thereof is 50%.
[0052] In this connection, the infrared ray transmittance Tx1 or
Tx2 in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first resin layer or
the second resin layer is measured in the following manner.
[0053] A first resin layer or a second resin layer is interposed
between two sheets of clear glass (2.5 mm in thickness) to prepare
laminated glass. Weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm
among weighting factors in the range of 300 to 2100 nm shown in
Appendix Table 2 in JIS R3106 (1998) are used, and each of
weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm is divided by the
total value of weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm to
obtain a newly normalized weighting factor of the infrared ray
transmittance in the range of 780 to 2100 nm. Then, the spectral
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a sheet of
laminated glass is obtained in accordance with JIS R3106 (1998)
using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available from Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation). The spectral transmittance obtained
is multiplied by the newly normalized weighting factor to calculate
the infrared ray transmittance Tx1 or Tx2 in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm as a weighted average.
[0054] The first resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin. It is
more preferred that the thermoplastic resin in the first resin
layer be a polyvinyl acetal resin. It is preferred that the first
resin layer contain a plasticizer, and it is more preferred that
the first resin layer contain a polyvinyl acetal resin and a
plasticizer. It is preferred that the first resin layer contain an
ultraviolet ray shielding agent, and it is preferred that the first
resin layer contain an oxidation inhibitor.
[0055] The second resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin. It is
more preferred that the thermoplastic resin in the second resin
layer be a polyvinyl acetal resin. It is preferred that the second
resin layer contain a plasticizer, and it is more preferred that
the second resin layer contain a polyvinyl acetal resin and a
plasticizer. It is preferred that the second resin layer contain an
ultraviolet ray shielding agent, and it is preferred that the
second resin layer contain an oxidation inhibitor.
[0056] It is preferred that the second resin layer contain a heat
shielding compound. By allowing the heat shielding compound to be
contained in the second resin layer, the infrared ray transmittance
of the first resin layer becomes higher than the infrared ray
transmittance of the second resin layer. The first resin layer may
contain a heat shielding compound. Moreover, when the content (% by
weight) of the heat shielding compound in the first resin layer is
smaller than the content (% by weight) of the heat shielding
compound in the second resin layer, it is easy to make the infrared
ray transmittance of the first resin layer higher than the infrared
ray transmittance of the second resin layer. Examples of the heat
shielding compound include heat shielding particles such as metal
oxide particles, at least one kind of ingredient among a
phthalocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound and an
anthracyanine compound (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as
Ingredient X), and the like. In this connection, the heat shielding
compound means a compound capable of absorbing infrared rays. In
the case where a plurality of heat shielding compounds are
contained in the first resin layer or the second resin layer, the
total content (% by weight) of the heat shielding compound in the
first resin layer is preferably smaller than the total content (%
by weight) of the heat shielding compound in the second resin
layer, more preferably smaller by 0.05% by weight or more, further
preferably smaller by 0.1% by weight or more, especially preferably
smaller by 0.2% by weight or more and most preferably smaller by
0.4% by weight or more. Furthermore, because the heat shielding
properties are further enhanced, it is preferred that the
difference between the total content (% by weight) of the heat
shielding compound in the second resin layer and the total content
(% by weight) of the heat shielding compound in the first resin
layer be less than or equal to 2% by weight.
[0057] Hereinafter, the details of materials constituting the first
and second resin layers will be described.
[0058] (Thermoplastic Resin)
[0059] The first and second resin layers contain a thermoplastic
resin. The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited. As the
thermoplastic resin, a conventionally known thermoplastic resin can
be used. One kind of the thermoplastic resin may be used alone, and
two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination. The
thermoplastic resin in the first resin layer and the thermoplastic
resin in the second resin layer may be the same as or different
from each other.
[0060] Examples of the thermoplastic resin include a polyvinyl
acetal resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, an
ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, a polyurethane resin, a
polyvinyl alcohol resin, and the like. Thermoplastic resins other
than these may be used.
[0061] It is preferred that the thermoplastic resin be a polyvinyl
acetal resin. By using a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
together, the adhesive force of each of the first and second resin
layers to a laminated glass member and another layer such as an
infrared ray reflection layer is further enhanced.
[0062] For example, the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced by
acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde. For example, the
polyvinyl alcohol can be produced by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
The saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol generally lies
within the range of 70 to 99.8% by mole.
[0063] The average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol
is preferably greater than or equal to 200, more preferably greater
than or equal to 500, preferably less than or equal to 5000, more
preferably less than or equal to 4000, further preferably less than
or equal to 3500, especially preferably less than or equal to 3000
and most preferably less than or equal to 2500. When the average
polymerization degree is greater than or equal to the above lower
limit, the penetration resistance of laminated glass is further
enhanced. When the average polymerization degree is less than or
equal to the above upper limit, formation of an interlayer film is
facilitated. In this connection, the average polymerization degree
of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method in accordance
with JIS K6726 "Testing methods for polyvinyl alcohol".
[0064] The number of carbon atoms of the acetal group contained in
the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited. The
aldehyde used at the time of producing the polyvinyl acetal resin
is not particularly limited. It is preferred that the number of
carbon atoms of the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin be 3
or 4. When the number of carbon atoms of the acetal group in the
polyvinyl acetal resin is greater than or equal to 3, the glass
transition temperature of the interlayer film is sufficiently
lowered.
[0065] The aldehyde is not particularly limited. In general, an
aldehyde with 1 to 10 carbon atoms is suitably used as the
above-mentioned aldehyde. Examples of the aldehyde with 1 to carbon
atoms include propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde,
n-valeraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde,
n-octylaldehyde, n-nonylaldehyde, n-decylaldehyde, formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and the like. Of these,
propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde
or n-valeraldehyde is preferred, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde
or isobutyraldehyde is more preferred, and n-butyraldehyde is
further preferred. One kind of the aldehyde may be used alone, and
two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0066] The content ratio of the hydroxyl group (the amount of
hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably
greater than or equal to 15% by mole, more preferably greater than
or equal to 18% by mole, further preferably greater than or equal
to 20% by mole, especially preferably greater than or equal to 28%
by mole, preferably less than or equal to 40% by mole, more
preferably less than or equal to 35% by mole and further preferably
less than or equal to 32% by mole. When the content ratio of the
hydroxyl group is greater than or equal to the above lower limit,
the adhesive force of the interlayer film is further enhanced.
Moreover, when the content ratio of the hydroxyl group is less than
or equal to the above upper limit, the flexibility of the
interlayer film is enhanced and the handling of the interlayer film
is facilitated.
[0067] The content ratio of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl
acetal resin is a value expressing the mole fraction determined by
dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group
is bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain
in terms of percentage. For example, the amount of ethylene groups
to which the hydroxyl group is bonded can be measured in accordance
with JIS K6726 "Testing methods for polyvinyl alcohol" to be
determined.
[0068] The acetylation degree (the amount of acetyl groups) of the
polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably greater than or equal to 0.1%
by mole, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.3% by mole,
further preferably greater than or equal to 0.5% by mole,
preferably less than or equal to 30% by mole, more preferably less
than or equal to 25% by mole, further preferably less than or equal
to 20% by mole, especially preferably less than or equal to 15% by
mole and most preferably less than or equal to 3% by mole. When the
acetylation degree is greater than or equal to the above lower
limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a
plasticizer is enhanced. When the acetylation degree is less than
or equal to the above upper limit, with regard to the interlayer
film and laminated glass, the moisture resistance thereof is
enhanced.
[0069] The acetylation degree is a molar fraction, represented in
percentage, obtained by dividing a value obtained by subtracting
the amount of ethylene groups to which the acetal group is bonded
and the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group is
bonded from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain
by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. For
example, the amount of ethylene groups to which the acetal group is
bonded can be measured in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing
methods for polyvinyl butyral".
[0070] The acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin (the
butyralization degree in the case of a polyvinyl butyral resin) is
preferably greater than or equal to 60% by mole, more preferably
greater than or equal to 63% by mole, preferably less than or equal
to 85% by mole, more preferably less than or equal to 75% by mole
and further preferably less than or equal to 70% by mole. When the
acetalization degree is greater than or equal to the above lower
limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a
plasticizer is enhanced. When the acetalization degree is less than
or equal to the above upper limit, the reaction time required for
producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
[0071] The acetalization degree is a molar fraction, represented in
percentage, obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to
which the acetal group is bonded by the total amount of ethylene
groups in the main chain.
[0072] The acetalization degree can be calculated by a method in
accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral".
[0073] In this connection, it is preferred that the content ratio
of the hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl groups), the
acetalization degree (the butyralization degree) and the
acetylation degree be calculated from the results measured by a
method in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral". In the case where the polyvinyl acetal resin is a
polyvinyl butyral resin, it is preferred that the content ratio of
the hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl groups), the
acetalization degree (the butyralization degree) and the
acetylation degree be calculated from the results measured by a
method in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral".
[0074] (Plasticizer)
[0075] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the adhesive force
of an interlayer film, it is preferred that the first resin layer
contain a plasticizer, and it is preferred that the second resin
layer contain a plasticizer. In the case where the thermoplastic
resin in each of the first and second resin layers is a polyvinyl
acetal resin, it is especially preferred that each of the first and
second resin layers contain a plasticizer.
[0076] The plasticizer is not particularly limited. As the
plasticizer, a conventionally known plasticizer can be used. One
kind of the plasticizer may be used alone, and two or more kinds
thereof may be used in combination.
[0077] Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester
plasticizers such as a monobasic organic acid ester and a polybasic
organic acid ester, phosphate plasticizers such as an organic
phosphate plasticizer and an organic phosphite plasticizer, and the
like. Of these, organic ester plasticizers are preferred. It is
preferred that the plasticizer be a liquid plasticizer.
[0078] The monobasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited
and examples thereof include a glycol ester obtained by the
reaction of a glycol and a monobasic organic acid, an ester of
triethylene glycol or tripropylene glycol and a monobasic organic
acid, and the like. Examples of the glycol include triethylene
glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and the like.
Examples of the monobasic organic acid include butyric acid,
isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, hepthylic acid,
n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n-nonylic acid, decylic acid,
and the like.
[0079] The polybasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited
and examples thereof include an ester compound of a polybasic
organic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure
of 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the polybasic organic acid
include adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid and the like.
[0080] The organic ester plasticizer is not particularly limited
and examples thereof include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol
dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol
di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl
sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene
glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol
di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate,
dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
diethylene glycol dicaprylate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate,
hexyl cyclohexyl adipate, a mixture of heptyl adipate and nonyl
adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, heptyl nonyl
adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified sebacic acid alkyd, a
mixture of a phosphoric acid ester and an adipic acid ester, and
the like. Organic ester plasticizers other than these may be
used.
[0081] The organic phosphate plasticizer is not particularly
limited and examples thereof include tributoxyethyl phosphate,
isodecylphenylphosphate, triisopropylphosphateandthelike.
[0082] It is preferred that the plasticizer be a diester
plasticizer represented by the following formula (1).
##STR00001##
[0083] In the foregoing formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent an
organic group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents an ethylene
group, an isopropylene group or an n-propylene group, and p
represents an integer of 3 to 10. It is preferred that R1 and R2 in
the foregoing formula (1) each be an organic group with 5 to 10
carbon atoms, and it is more preferred that R1 and R2 each be an
organic group with 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0084] It is preferred that the plasticizer include at least one
kind among triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) and
triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), and it is more
preferred that the plasticizer include triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylhexanoate.
[0085] The content of the plasticizer is not particularly limited.
In each of the first and second resin layers, relative to 100 parts
by weight of the thermoplastic resin, the content of the
plasticizer is preferably greater than or equal to 25 parts by
weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 30 parts by
weight, further preferably greater than or equal to 35 parts by
weight, preferably less than or equal to 75 parts by weight, more
preferably less than or equal to 60 parts by weight, further
preferably less than or equal to 50 parts by weight and especially
preferably less than or equal to 40 parts by weight. When the
content of the plasticizer is greater than or equal to the above
lower limit, the penetration resistance of laminated glass is
further enhanced. When the content of the plasticizer is less than
or equal to the above upper limit, the transparency of the
interlayer film is further enhanced.
[0086] (Heat Shielding Compound)
[0087] Ingredient X:
[0088] It is preferred that the second resin layer contain a heat
shielding compound. It is preferred that the second resin layer
contain at least one kind of Ingredient X among a phthalocyanine
compound, a naphthalocyanine compound and an anthracyanine
compound. It is preferred that the second resin layer contain at
least one kind of Ingredient X among a phthalocyanine compound, a
naphthalocyanine compound and an anthracyanine compound or contain
heat shielding particles described below. The first resin layer may
contain the Ingredient X. The Ingredient X is a heat shielding
compound. By allowing the Ingredient X to be used in at least one
layer among the interlayer film as a whole, infrared rays (heat
rays) can be effectively cut off. By allowing the Ingredient X to
be contained in the second resin layer, infrared rays can be
further effectively cut off.
[0089] The Ingredient X is not particularly limited. As the
Ingredient X, conventionally known phthalocyanine compound,
naphthalocyanine compound and anthracyanine compound can be used.
One kind of the Ingredient X may be used alone, and two or more
kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0090] Examples of the Ingredient X include phthalocyanine, a
derivative of phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine, a derivative of
naphthalocyanine, anthracyanine, a derivative of anthracyanine, and
the like. It is preferred that each of the phthalocyanine compound
and the derivative of phthalocyanine have a phthalocyanine
skeleton. It is preferred that each of the naphthalocyanine
compound and the derivative of naphthalocyanine have a
naphthalocyanine skeleton. It is preferred that each of the
anthracyanine compound and the derivative of anthracyanine have an
anthracyanine skeleton.
[0091] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding
properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, it is
preferred that the Ingredient X be at least one kind selected from
the group consisting of phthalocyanine, a derivative of
phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine and a derivative of
naphthalocyanine, and it is more preferred that the Ingredient X be
at least one kind among phthalocyanine and a derivative of
phthalocyanine.
[0092] From the viewpoints of effectively enhancing the heat
shielding properties and maintaining the visible light
transmittance at a higher level over a long period of time, it is
preferred that the Ingredient X contain vanadium atoms or copper
atoms. It is preferred that the Ingredient X contain vanadium atoms
and it is also preferred that the Ingredient X contain copper
atoms. It is more preferred that the Ingredient X be at least one
kind among phthalocyanine containing vanadium atoms or copper atoms
and a derivative of phthalocyanine containing vanadium atoms or
copper atoms. From the viewpoint of still further enhancing the
heat shielding properties of the interlayer film and the laminated
glass, it is preferred that the Ingredient X have a structural unit
in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a vanadium atom.
[0093] In the case where the first resin layer or the second resin
layer contains the Ingredient X, in 100% by weight of each of the
first and second resin layers, the content of the Ingredient X is
preferably greater than or equal to 0.001% by weight, more
preferably greater than or equal to 0.005% by weight, further
preferably greater than or equal to 0.01% by weight, especially
preferably greater than or equal to 0.02% by weight, preferably
less than or equal to 0.2% by weight, more preferably less than or
equal to 0.1% by weight, further preferably less than or equal to
0.05% by weight, especially preferably less than or equal to 0.04%
by weight and most preferably less than or equal to 0.02% by
weight. When the content of the Ingredient X in each of the first
and second resin layers is greater than or equal to the above lower
limit and less than or equal to the above upper limit, the heat
shielding properties are sufficiently enhanced and the visible
light transmittance is sufficiently enhanced. For example, it is
possible to make the visible light transmittance greater than or
equal to 70%.
[0094] Heat Shielding Particles:
[0095] It is preferred that the second resin layer contain heat
shielding particles. The first resin layer may contain heat
shielding particles. The heat shielding particle is a heat
shielding compound. By allowing a heat shielding compound to be
used in at least one layer among the interlayer film as a whole,
infrared rays (heat rays) can be effectively cut off. By allowing
heat shielding particles to be contained in the second resin layer,
infrared rays can be further effectively cut off.
[0096] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding
properties of laminated glass, it is more preferred that the heat
shielding particles be metal oxide particles. It is preferred that
the heat shielding particle be a particle (a metal oxide particle)
formed from an oxide of a metal. One kind of the heat shielding
particles may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be
used in combination.
[0097] The energy amount of an infrared ray with a wavelength
greater than or equal to 780 nm which is longer than that of
visible light is small as compared with an ultraviolet ray.
However, the thermal action of infrared rays is large, and once
infrared rays are absorbed into a substance, heat is released from
the substance. As such, infrared rays are generally called heat
rays. By the use of the heat shielding particles, infrared rays
(heat rays) can be effectively cut off. In this connection, the
heat shielding particle means a particle capable of absorbing
infrared rays.
[0098] Specific examples of the heat shielding particles include
metal oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles,
indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide
particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO
particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles),
aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped
titanium oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles,
cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten
oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped
indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide
particles and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, lanthanum
hexaboride (LaB.sub.6) particles, and the like. Heat shielding
particles other than these may be used. Of these, since the heat
ray shielding function is high, preferred are metal oxide
particles, more preferred are ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO
particles, ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles, and
especially preferred are ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles.
In particular, since the heat ray shielding function is high and
the particles are readily available, preferred are tin-doped indium
oxide particles (ITO particles), and also preferred are tungsten
oxide particles.
[0099] The tungsten oxide particles are generally represented by
the following formula (X1) or the following formula (X2). In the
interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present
invention, the tungsten oxide particles represented by the
following formula (X1) or the following formula (X2) are suitably
used.
W.sub.yO.sub.z Formula (X1)
[0100] In the foregoing formula (X1), W represents tungsten, O
represents oxygen, and y and z satisfy the relation of
2.0<z/y<3.0.
M.sub.xW.sub.yO.sub.z Formula (X2)
[0101] In the foregoing formula (X2), M represents at least one
kind of element selected from the group consisting of H, He, an
alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth element, Mg,
Zr, Cr, Mn Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al,
Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V,
Mo, Ta and Re, W represents tungsten, 0 represents oxygen, and x, y
and z satisfy the relations of 0.001.ltoreq.x/y 1 and
2.0<z/y.ltoreq.3.0.
[0102] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding
properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, it is
preferred that the tungsten oxide particles be metal-doped tungsten
oxide particles. Examples of the "tungsten oxide particles" include
metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. Specifically, examples of the
metal-doped tungsten oxide particles include sodium-doped tungsten
oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles,
thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten
oxide particles, and the like.
[0103] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding
properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, cesium-doped
tungsten oxide particles are especially preferred. From the
viewpoint of still further enhancing the heat shielding properties
of the interlayer film and laminated glass, it is preferred that
the cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles be tungsten oxide
particles represented by the formula: Cs.sub.0.33WO.sub.3.
[0104] The average particle diameter of the heat shielding
particles is preferably greater than or equal to 0.01 more
preferably greater than or equal to 0.02 preferably less than or
equal to 0.1 .mu.m and more preferably less than or equal to 0.05
.mu.m. When the average particle diameter is greater than or equal
to the above lower limit, the heat ray shielding properties are
sufficiently enhanced. When the average particle diameter is less
than or equal to the above upper limit, the dispersibility of heat
shielding particles is enhanced.
[0105] The "average particle diameter" refers to the volume average
particle diameter. The average particle diameter can be measured
using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus ("UPA-EX150"
available from NIKKISO CO., LTD.), or the like.
[0106] In the case where the first resin layer or the second resin
layer contains the heat shielding particles, in 100% by weight of
each of the first and second resin layers, the content of the heat
shielding particles is preferably greater than or equal to 0.01% by
weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight,
further preferably greater than or equal to 1% by weight,
especially preferably greater than or equal to 1.5% by weight,
preferably less than or equal to 6% by weight, more preferably less
than or equal to 5.5% by weight, further preferably less than or
equal to 4% by weight, especially preferably less than or equal to
3.5% by weight and most preferably less than or equal to 3.0% by
weight. When the content of the heat shielding particles is greater
than or equal to the above lower limit and less than or equal to
the above upper limit, the heat shielding properties are
sufficiently enhanced and the visible light transmittance is
sufficiently enhanced.
[0107] In the case where the first resin layer or the second resin
layer contains the heat shielding particles, it is preferred that
each of the first and second resin layers contain the heat
shielding particles in a proportion greater than or equal to 0.1
g/m.sup.2 and less than or equal to 12 g/m.sup.2. In the case where
the proportion of the heat shielding particles lies within the
above-mentioned range, the heat shielding properties are
sufficiently enhanced and the visible light transmittance is
sufficiently enhanced. The proportion of the heat shielding
particles is preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 g/m.sup.2,
more preferably greater than or equal to 0.8 g/m.sup.2, further
preferably greater than or equal to 1.5 g/m.sup.2, especially
preferably greater than or equal to 3 g/m.sup.2, preferably less
than or equal to 11 g/m.sup.2, more preferably less than or equal
to 10 g/m.sup.2, further preferably less than or equal to 9
g/m.sup.2 and especially preferably less than or equal to 7
g/m.sup.2. When the proportion is greater than or equal to the
above lower limit, the heat shielding properties are further
enhanced. When the proportion is less than or equal to the above
upper limit, the visible light transmittance is further
enhanced.
[0108] (Ultraviolet Ray Shielding Agent)
[0109] It is preferred that the first resin layer contain an
ultraviolet ray shielding agent. It is preferred that the second
resin layer contain an ultraviolet ray shielding agent. It is more
preferred that both of the first resin layer and the second resin
layer contain an ultraviolet ray shielding agent. By the use of an
ultraviolet ray shielding agent, even when the interlayer film and
the laminated glass are used for a long period of time, the visible
light transmittance becomes further difficult to be lowered. One
kind of the ultraviolet ray shielding agent may be used alone, and
two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0110] The ultraviolet ray shielding agent includes an ultraviolet
ray absorber. It is preferred that the ultraviolet ray shielding
agent be an ultraviolet ray absorber.
[0111] Examples of a common ultraviolet ray shielding agent which
is heretofore widely known include a metal-based ultraviolet ray
shielding agent, a metal oxide-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent, a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet ray shielding agent (a
benzotriazole compound), a benzophenone-based ultraviolet ray
shielding agent (a benzophenone compound), a triazine-based
ultraviolet ray shielding agent (a triazine compound), a malonic
acid ester-based ultraviolet ray shielding agent (a malonic acid
ester compound), an oxanilide-based ultraviolet ray shielding agent
(an oxanilide compound), a benzoate-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent (a benzoate compound) and the like.
[0112] Examples of the metal-based ultraviolet ray shielding agent
include platinum particles, particles in which the surface of
platinum particles is coated with silica, palladium particles,
particles in which the surface of palladium particles is coated
with silica, and the like. It is preferred that the ultraviolet ray
shielding agent not be heat shielding particles.
[0113] Examples of the metal oxide-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide and the
like. Furthermore, as the metal oxide-based ultraviolet ray
shielding agent, the surface thereof may be coated. Examples of a
coating material for the surface of the metal oxide-based
ultraviolet ray shielding agent include an insulating metal oxide,
a hydrolyzable organosilicon compound, a silicone compound and the
like.
[0114] Examples of the insulating metal oxide include silica,
alumina, zirconia and the like. For example, the insulating metal
oxide has a band-gap energy greater than or equal to 5.0 eV.
[0115] Examples of the benzotriazole-based ultraviolet ray
shielding agent include benzotriazole-based ultraviolet ray
shielding agents such as
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin P" available
from BASF Japan Ltd.),
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 320"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.),
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole
("Tinuvin 326" available from BASF Japan Ltd.) and
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-amylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 328"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.). It is preferred that the
benzotriazole-based ultraviolet ray shielding agent be a
benzotriazole-based ultraviolet ray shielding agent containing
halogen atoms, and it is more preferred that the ultraviolet ray
shielding agent be a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent containing chlorine atoms, since those are excellent in
ultraviolet ray absorbing performance.
[0116] Examples of the benzophenone-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent include octabenzone ("Chimassorb 81" available from BASF
Japan Ltd.) and the like.
[0117] Examples of the triazine-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent include
2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl)oxy]-phenol
("Tinuvin 1577FF" available from BASF Japan Ltd.) and the like.
[0118] Examples of the malonic acid ester-based ultraviolet ray
shielding agent include dimethyl-2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)malonate,
tetraethyl-2,2-(1,4-phenylenedimethylidyne)bismalonate,
2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)malonate
and the like.
[0119] Examples of a commercial product of the malonic acid
ester-based ultraviolet ray shielding agent include Hostavin B-CAP,
Hostavin PR-25 and Hostavin PR-31 (any of these is available from
Clariant Japan K.K.).
[0120] Examples of the oxanilide-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent include a kind of oxalic acid diamide having a substituted
aryl group and the like on the nitrogen atom such as
N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-5-t-butylphenyl)oxalic acid diamide,
N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)oxalic acid diamide and
2-ethyl-2'-ethoxy-oxanilide ("Sanduvor VSU" available from Clariant
Japan K.K.).
[0121] Examples of the benzoate-based ultraviolet ray shielding
agent include
2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
("Tinuvin 120" available from BASF Japan Ltd.) and the like.
[0122] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, in
order to suppress the lowering invisible light transmittance
thereof after the lapse of time, it is preferred that the
ultraviolet ray shielding agent be
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole
("Tinuvin 326" available from BASF Japan Ltd.) or
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-amylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 328"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.), and the ultraviolet ray shielding
agent may be
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole.
[0123] In the case where each of the first and second resin layers
contains the ultraviolet ray shielding agent, in 100% by weight of
each of the first and second resin layers, the content of the
ultraviolet ray shielding agent is preferably greater than or equal
to 0.1% by weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.2% by
weight, further preferably greater than or equal to 0.3% by weight,
especially preferably greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight,
preferably less than or equal to 2.5% by weight, more preferably
less than or equal to 2% by weight, further preferably less than or
equal to 1% by weight and especially preferably less than or equal
to 0.8% by weight. When the content of the ultraviolet ray
shielding agent is greater than or equal to the above lower limit
and less than or equal to the above upper limit, the lowering in
visible light transmittance after the lapse of time is further
suppressed. In particular, by allowing the content of the
ultraviolet ray shielding agent to be greater than or equal to 0.2%
by weight in 100% by weight of each of the first and second resin
layers, with regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, the
lowering invisible light transmittance thereof after the lapse of
time can be significantly suppressed. Furthermore, when the content
of the ultraviolet ray shielding agent in 100% by weight of the
second resin layer is greater than the content of the ultraviolet
ray shielding agent in 100% by weight of the first resin layer,
with regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, the
lowering in visible light transmittance thereof after the lapse of
time can be further significantly suppressed.
[0124] (Oxidation Inhibitor)
[0125] It is preferred that the first resin layer contain an
oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that the second resin layer
contain an oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that both of the
first resin layer and the second resin layer contain an oxidation
inhibitor. One kind of the oxidation inhibitor may be used alone,
and two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0126] Examples of the oxidation inhibitor include a phenol-based
oxidation inhibitor, a sulfur-based oxidation inhibitor, a
phosphorus-based oxidation inhibitor and the like. The phenol-based
oxidation inhibitor is an oxidation inhibitor having a phenol
skeleton. The sulfur-based oxidation inhibitor is an oxidation
inhibitor containing a sulfur atom. The phosphorus-based oxidation
inhibitor is an oxidation inhibitor containing a phosphorus
atom.
[0127] It is preferred that the oxidation inhibitor be a
phenol-based oxidation inhibitor or a phosphorus-based oxidation
inhibitor.
[0128] Examples of the phenol-based oxidation inhibitor include
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA),
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol,
stearyl-.beta.-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate,
2,2'-methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-butylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis-(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol),
4,4'-butylidene-bis-(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol),
1,1,3-tris-(2-methyl-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane,
tetrakis[methylene-3-(3',5'-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane,
1,3,3-tris-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenol)butane,
1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,
bis(3,3'-t-butylphenol)butyric acid glycol ester,
bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzenepropanoic
acid)ethylenebis(oxyethylene), and the like. One kind or two or
more kinds among these oxidation inhibitors are suitably used.
[0129] Examples of the phosphorus-based oxidation inhibitor include
tridecyl phosphite, tris(tridecyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite,
trinonylphenyl phosphite, bis(tridecyl)pentaerithritol diphosphite,
bis(decyl)pentaerithritol diphosphite,
tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite,
bis(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl ester phosphorous acid,
tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite,
2,2-methylenebis(4,6-di-t-butyl-1-phenyloxy)
(2-ethylhexyloxy)phosphorus, and the like. One kind or two or more
kinds among these oxidation inhibitors are suitably used.
[0130] Examples of a commercial product of the oxidation inhibitor
include "IRGANOX 245" available from BASF Japan Ltd., "IRGAFOS 168"
available from BASF Japan Ltd., "IRGAFOS 38" available from BASF
Japan Ltd., "Sumilizer BHT" available from Sumitomo Chemical Co.,
Ltd. "Irganox 1010" available from Nihon Ciba-Geigy K.K., and the
like.
[0131] In the case where each of the first and second resin layers
contains the oxidation inhibitor, in 100% by weight of each of the
first and second resin layers, the content of the oxidation
inhibitor is preferably greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight,
preferably less than or equal to 2% by weight and more preferably
less than or equal to 1.8% by weight. When the content of the
oxidation inhibitor is greater than or equal to the above lower
limit, with regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, high
visible light transmittance thereof is maintained over a longer
period of time. When the content of the oxidation inhibitor is less
than or equal to the above upper limit, an effect commensurate with
the addition of an oxidation inhibitor becomes easy to be
attained.
[0132] (Adhesive Force Regulating Agent)
[0133] It is preferred that at least one among the first resin
layer and the second resin layer contain an adhesive force
regulating agent. It is preferred that the first resin layer
contain an adhesive force regulating agent. It is preferred that
the second resin layer contain an adhesive force regulating agent.
It is more preferred that both of the first resin layer and the
second resin layer contain an adhesive force regulating agent. By
the use of an adhesive force regulating agent, the adhesivity
between the interlayer film and a sheet of glass is controlled, and
laminated glass which is excellent in penetration resistance is
obtained. Furthermore, by allowing an adhesive force regulating
agent to be contained in the first resin layer and the second resin
layer, in the case where a falling-ball test as the test for
penetration resistance is performed, an effect of enabling glass
fragments of laminated glass to become smaller in size is exerted.
In particular, when the adhesive force regulating agent is a metal
salt, glass fragments of laminated glass become further smaller in
size. One kind of the adhesive force regulating agent may be used
alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0134] The adhesive force regulating agent is not particularly
limited, it is preferred that the adhesive force regulating agent
be a metal salt, and it is preferred that the adhesive force
regulating agent be at least one kind of metal salt selected from
the group consisting of an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth
metal salt and an Mg salt. It is preferred that the metal salt
contain at least one kind of metal among K and Mg. It is more
preferred that the metal salt be an alkali metal salt of an organic
acid with 2 to 16 carbon atoms or an alkaline earth metal salt of
an organic acid with 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and it is further
preferred that the metal salt be a magnesium carboxylate with 2 to
16 carbon atoms or a potassium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon
atoms. Although the magnesium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms
and the potassium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms are not
particularly limited, examples thereof include magnesium acetate,
potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate,
magnesium 2-ethylbutanoate, potassium 2-ethylbutanoate, magnesium
2-ethylhexanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, and the like.
[0135] The content of the adhesive force regulating agent is not
particularly limited. In each of the first resin layer and the
second resin layer, with regard to the content of the adhesive
force regulating agent relative to 100 parts by weight of the
thermoplastic resin, the preferred lower limit is 0.0005 part by
weight and the preferred upper limit is 0.05 part by weight. When
the content of the adhesive force regulating agent is greater than
or equal to 0.0005 part by weight, the penetration resistance of
laminated glass is enhanced. When the content of the adhesive force
regulating agent is less than or equal to 0.05 part by weight, the
transparency of the interlayer film for laminated glass is further
enhanced. The more preferred lower limit of the content of the
adhesive force regulating agent is 0.002 part by weight and the
more preferred upper limit thereof is 0.02 part by weight.
Moreover, in a surface layer which is brought into contact with a
laminated glass member in the case where each of the first and
second resin layers has a two or more-layered structure, and in
each of the first and second resin layers in the case where each of
the first and second resin layers has a single-layer structure,
with regard to the content of the adhesive force regulating agent
relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin, the
preferred lower limit is 0.0005 part by weight and the preferred
upper limit is 0.05 part by weight.
[0136] Because the moisture resistance of the first resin layer is
enhanced, it is preferred that the total of the contents of the
alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal and Mg in each of the first
and second resin layers be less than or equal to 300 ppm. For
example, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal and Mg may be
contained as metals derived from an adhesive force regulating agent
mentioned above and may be contained as metals derived from a
neutralizing agent used at the time of synthesizing a polyvinyl
acetal resin. It is more preferred that the total of the contents
of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal and Mg in each of the
first and second resin layers be less than or equal to 200 ppm, it
is further preferred that the total thereof be less than or equal
to 150 ppm, and it is especially preferred that the total thereof
be less than or equal to 100 ppm. Moreover, in a surface layer
which is brought into contact with a laminated glass member in the
case where each of the first and second resin layers has a two or
more-layered structure, and in each of the first and second resin
layers in the case where each of the first and second resin layers
has a single-layer structure, it is preferred that the total of the
contents of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal and Mg be
less than or equal to 300 ppm, it is more preferred that the total
thereof be less than or equal to 200 ppm, it is further preferred
that the total thereof be less than or equal to 150 ppm, and it is
especially preferred that the total thereof be less than or equal
to 100 ppm. Moreover, in a surface layer which is brought into
contact with a laminated glass member in the case where each of the
first and second resin layers has a two or more-layered structure,
and in each of the first and second resin layers in the case where
each of the first and second resin layers has a single-layer
structure, it is preferred that the total content of Mg be less
than or equal to 300 ppm, it is more preferred that the content
thereof be less than or equal to 200 ppm, it is further preferred
that the content thereof be less than or equal to 150 ppm, and it
is especially preferred that the content thereof be less than or
equal to 100 ppm.
[0137] (Other Ingredients)
[0138] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the
present invention may include additives such as a light stabilizer,
a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, a dye, a
moisture-resistance improving agent and a fluorescent brightening
agent, as necessary. One kind of these additives may be used alone,
and two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0139] (Other Details of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass)
[0140] It is preferred that the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention be arranged between a first
laminated glass member and a second laminated glass member to be
used.
[0141] It is preferred that the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention be used for obtaining laminated
glass which is fitted into an opening part between an outer space
(first space) and an inner space (second space) into which heat
rays are made incident from the outer space for a building or a
vehicle. In this case, it is preferred that, among the first and
second resin layers, the first resin layer be arranged so as to be
positioned at the outer space side.
[0142] The thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
From the viewpoint of the practical aspect and the viewpoint of
sufficiently enhancing the heat shielding properties, the thickness
of the interlayer film is preferably greater than or equal to 0.1
mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, preferably
less than or equal to 3 mm and more preferably less than or equal
to 1.5 mm. When the thickness of the interlayer film is greater
than or equal to the above lower limit, the penetration resistance
of laminated glass is enhanced.
[0143] The thickness of the infrared ray reflection layer is
preferably greater than or equal to 0.01 mm, more preferably
greater than or equal to 0.04 mm, further preferably greater than
or equal to 0.07 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.3 mm, more
preferably less than or equal to 0.2 mm, further preferably less
than or equal to 0.18 mm and especially preferably less than or
equal to 0.16 mm. When the thickness of the infrared ray reflection
layer is greater than or equal to the above lower limit, the heat
shielding properties of laminated glass are further enhanced. When
the thickness of the infrared ray reflection layer is less than or
equal to the above upper limit, the transparency of laminated glass
is further enhanced.
[0144] The thickness of each of the first and second resin layers
is preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 mm, more preferably
greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, further preferably greater than or
equal to 0.25 mm, especially preferably greater than or equal to
0.3 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1.0 mm, more preferably
less than or equal to 0.6 mm, still more preferably less than or
equal to 0.5 mm, further preferably less than or equal to 0.45 mm
and especially preferably less than or equal to 0.4 mm. When the
thickness of the first or second resin layer is greater than or
equal to the above lower limit, the penetration resistance of
laminated glass is further enhanced. When the thickness of the
first or second resin layer is less than or equal to the above
upper limit, the transparency of laminated glass is further
enhanced.
[0145] The production method of the interlayer film for laminated
glass according to the present invention is not particularly
limited. As the production method of the interlayer film, a
conventionally known method can be used. Examples thereof include a
production method of kneading respective ingredients described
above and forming the kneaded product into an interlayer film, and
the like. A production method of extrusion-molding is preferred
because the method is suitable for continuous production. In
particular, it is preferred that the first and second resin layers
be formed by extrusion molding.
[0146] The method for kneading is not particularly limited.
Examples of this method include a method using an extruder, a
plastograph, a kneader, a banbury mixer, a calender roll, or the
like. Of these, a method using an extruder is preferred and a
method using a twin screw extruder is more preferred because the
methods are suitable for continuous production.
[0147] In this connection, at the time of obtaining the interlayer
film for laminated glass according to the present invention, a
first resin layer, an infrared ray reflection layer and a second
resin layer are separately prepared, after which the first resin
layer, the infrared ray reflection layer and the second resin layer
may be layered to obtain an interlayer film, and the layering
method is not particularly limited. Examples of the layering method
include a heat lamination method and the like.
[0148] Moreover, a first resin layer, an infrared ray reflection
layer and a second resin layer may be layered by coextrusion to
obtain an interlayer film. Moreover, a first resin layer and an
infrared ray reflection layer may be coextruded to prepare a
coextruded product and a second resin layer may be layered on the
infrared ray reflection layer side of the coextruded product to
obtain an interlayer film. A second resin layer and an infrared ray
reflection layer may be coextruded to prepare a coextruded product
and a first resin layer may be layered on the infrared ray
reflection layer side of the coextruded product to obtain an
interlayer film.
[0149] Moreover, by allowing compositions for forming first and
second resin layers to be coated on surfaces of the infrared ray
reflection layer, the first and second resin layers may be formed
to obtain an interlayer film.
[0150] Because the interlayer film is allowed to be excellent in
production efficiency, it is preferred that respective polyvinyl
acetal resins contained in the first resin layer and the second
resin layer be the same as each other, and it is more preferred
that respective polyvinyl acetal resins contained therein be the
same as each other and respective plasticizers contained therein be
the same as each other.
[0151] (Laminated Glass)
[0152] The laminated glass according to the present invention is
provided with a first laminated glass member, a second laminated
glass member and an interlayer film arranged between the first and
second laminated glass members. The interlayer film is the
above-described interlayer film for laminated glass. The first
laminated glass member is arranged on the outside of the first
resin layer in the interlayer film for laminated glass. The second
laminated glass member is arranged on the outside of the second
resin layer in the interlayer film for laminated glass.
[0153] It is preferred that the laminated glass according to the
present invention be laminated glass which is fitted into an
opening part between an outer space and an inner space into which
heat rays are made incident from the outer space for a building or
a vehicle. In this case, it is preferred that, among the first and
second laminated glass members, the first laminated glass member be
arranged so as to be positioned at the outer space side.
[0154] FIG. 2 shows an example of laminated glass prepared with an
interlayer film for laminated glass in accordance with one
embodiment of the present invention represented as a sectional
view.
[0155] Laminated glass 11 shown in FIG. 2 is provided with an
interlayer film 1 and first and second laminated glass members 21
and 22. The interlayer film 1 is sandwiched between the first and
second laminated glass members 21 and 22. The first laminated glass
member 21 is layered on a first surface 1a of the interlayer film
1. The second laminated glass member 22 is layered on a second
surface 1b opposite to the first surface is of the interlayer film
1. The first laminated glass member 21 is layered on an outer
surface 3a of a first resin layer 3 in the interlayer film 1. The
second laminated glass member 22 is layered on an outer surface 4a
of a second resin layer 4 in the interlayer film 1.
[0156] It is preferred that the infrared ray transmittance in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first laminated glass member be
higher than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm of the second laminated glass member. In this case, the
first laminated glass member transmits a relatively large quantity
of infrared rays. Furthermore, most of the infrared rays
transmitted through the first laminated glass member are also
transmitted through the first resin layer. As such, most of the
infrared rays transmitted through the first laminated glass member
and the first resin layer reach the infrared ray reflection layer.
Infrared rays which have reached the infrared ray reflection layer
are reflected by the infrared ray reflection layer. Moreover,
because the infrared ray transmittance of the first laminated glass
member and the first resin layer is high, most of the infrared rays
reflected by the infrared ray reflection layer are transmitted
through the first resin layer and the first laminated glass member.
As a result, a rise in the temperature of laminated glass at the
time when infrared rays are made incident into the laminated glass
can be suppressed. As such, the heat shielding properties of the
laminated glass are enhanced, and furthermore, high visible light
transmittance can be maintained over a long period of time since
the laminated glass is excellent in light resistance. Moreover, by
fitting the laminated glass into an opening part of a building or a
vehicle, a rise in the temperature of an inner space of a building
or a vehicle can be effectively suppressed.
[0157] On the other hand, if the first laminated glass member, the
first resin layer and the infrared ray reflection layer transmit a
part of infrared rays at all, the transmitted infrared rays reach
the second resin layer. Since the infrared ray transmittance of the
second resin layer is relatively low, the second resin layer
effectively cuts off the transmission of infrared rays.
Furthermore, since the infrared ray transmittance of the second
laminated glass member is also relatively low, the second laminated
glass member effectively cuts off the transmission of infrared
rays. As such, the quantity of heat rays passing through the
laminated glass as a whole can be reduced. This also enables the
heat shielding properties of laminated glass to be enhanced, and by
fitting the laminated glass into an opening part of a building or a
vehicle, a rise in the temperature of an inner space of a building
or a vehicle can be effectively suppressed.
[0158] When the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm of a first laminated glass member is defined as Ty1 and
the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm
of a second laminated glass member is defined as Ty2, as mentioned
above, it is preferred that Ty1 be higher than Ty2. Because the
heat shielding properties of laminated glass are further enhanced,
it is preferred that Ty1 be higher by 10% or more than Ty2, it is
more preferred that Ty1 be higher by 15% or more than Ty2 and it is
further preferred that Ty1 be higher by 20% or more than Ty2.
Although the upper limit of a value of (Ty1-Ty2) is not
particularly limited, because the transparency of laminated glass
is further enhanced, it is preferred that (Ty1-Ty2) be less than or
equal to 50%, it is more preferred that (Ty1-Ty2) be less than or
equal to 40%, it is further preferred that (Ty1-Ty2) be less than
or equal to 30% and it is especially preferred that (Ty1-Ty2) be
less than or equal to 25%. For the purpose of further enhancing the
heat shielding properties and transparency of laminated glass, the
preferred lower limit of Ty1 is 50%, the preferred upper limit
thereof is 90%, the more preferred lower limit thereof is 55%, the
more preferred upper limit thereof is 88%, the further preferred
lower limit thereof is 60% and the further preferred upper limit
thereof is 86%. Moreover, for the purpose of further enhancing the
heat shielding properties and transparency of laminated glass, the
preferred lower limit of Ty2 is 40%, the preferred upper limit
thereof is 88%, the more preferred lower limit thereof is 45%, the
more preferred upper limit thereof is 86%, the further preferred
lower limit thereof is 55%, the further preferred upper limit
thereof is 70%, the especially preferred lower limit thereof is 60%
and the especially preferred upper limit thereof is 65%.
[0159] When the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm of the whole layer composed of a first laminated glass
member and a first resin layer is defined as T1 and the infrared
ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the whole
layer composed of a second laminated glass member and a second
resin layer is defined as T2, it is preferred that Ti be higher
than T2. In this case, the heat shielding properties of laminated
glass are enhanced. Because the heat shielding properties of
laminated glass are further enhanced, it is preferred that T1 be
higher by 10% or more than T2, it is more preferred that Tl be
higher by 15% or more than T2, it is more preferred that TI be
higher by 20% or more than T2, it is still more preferred that T1
be higher by 30% or more than T2, it is further preferred that T1
be higher by 40% or more than T2, it is still further preferred
that Tl be higher by 50% or more than T2 and it is especially
preferred that T1 be higher by 60% or more than T2. Although the
upper limit of a value of (T1-T2) is not particularly limited,
because the transparency of laminated glass is further enhanced, it
is preferred that (T1-T2) be less than or equal to 90%, it is more
preferred that (T1-T2) be less than or equal to 85% and it is
further preferred that (T1-T2) be less than or equal to 80%.
[0160] In this connection, the infrared ray transmittance T1 in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the whole layer composed of a first
laminated glass member and a first resin layer is measured in the
following manner.
[0161] Laminated glass in which a first laminated glass member, a
first resin layer and a sheet of clear glass (2.5 mm in thickness)
are layered in this order is prepared. Weighting factors in the
range of 780 to 2100 nm among weighting factors in the range of 300
to 2100 nm shown in Appendix Table 2 in JIS R3106 (1998) are used,
and each of weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm is
divided by the total value of weighting factors in the range of 780
to 2100 nm to obtain a newly normalized weighting factor of the
infrared ray transmittance in the range of 780 to 2100 nm. Then,
the spectral transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a
sheet of laminated glass is obtained in accordance with JIS R3106
(1998) using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available from Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation). The spectral transmittance obtained
is multiplied by the newly normalized weighting factor to calculate
the infrared ray transmittance T1 in the wavelength of 780 to 2100
nm.
[0162] Moreover, the infrared ray transmittance T2 in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the whole layer composed of a
second laminated glass member and a second resin layer is measured
in the following manner.
[0163] Laminated glass in which a second laminated glass member, a
second resin layer and a sheet of clear glass (2.5 mm in thickness)
are layered in this order is prepared. Weighting factors in the
range of 780 to 2100 nm among weighting factors in the range of 300
to 2100 nm shown in Appendix Table 2 in JIS R3106 (1998) are used,
and each of weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm is
divided by the total value of weighting factors in the range of 780
to 2100 nm to obtain a newly normalized weighting factor of the
infrared ray transmittance in the range of 780 to 2100 nm. Then,
the spectral transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a
sheet of laminated glass is obtained in accordance with JIS R3106
(1998) using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available from Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation). The spectral transmittance obtained
is multiplied by the newly normalized weighting factor to calculate
the infrared ray transmittance T2 in the wavelength of 780 to 2100
nm.
[0164] Examples of the first and second laminated glass members
include a glass plate and a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film
and the like. As the laminated glass, laminated glass in which an
interlayer film is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film
or the like, as well as laminated glass in which an interlayer film
is sandwiched between two glass plates, is included. Laminated
glass is a laminate provided with a glass plate, and it is
preferred that at least one glass plate be used. It is preferred
that each of the first and second laminated glass members be a
glass plate or a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film and the
interlayer film include at least one glass plate as the first or
second laminated glass member. It is especially preferred that both
of the first and second laminated glass members be glass
plates.
[0165] Examples of the glass plate include a sheet of inorganic
glass and a sheet of organic glass. Examples of the inorganic glass
include float plate glass, heat ray-absorbing plate glass, heat
ray-reflecting plate glass, polished plate glass, figured glass,
net-reinforced plate glass, wired plate glass, green glass and the
like. The organic glass is synthetic resin glass substituted for
inorganic glass. Examples of the organic glass include a
polycarbonate plate, a poly(meth)acrylic resin plate, and the like.
Examples of the poly(meth)acrylic resin plate include a polymethyl
(meth)acrylate plate, and the like.
[0166] It is preferred that the first laminated glass member and
the second laminated glass member be each a sheet of clear glass or
a sheet of heat ray-absorbing plate glass. Because the infrared ray
transmittance is enhanced and the heat shielding properties of
laminated glass are further enhanced, it is preferred that the
first laminated glass member be a sheet of clear glass. Because the
infrared ray transmittance is lowered and the heat shielding
properties of laminated glass are further enhanced, it is preferred
that the second laminated glass member be a sheet of heat
ray-absorbing plate glass. It is preferred that the heat
ray-absorbing plate glass be green glass. It is preferred that the
first laminated glass member be a sheet of clear glass and the
second laminated glass member be a sheet of heat ray-absorbing
plate glass. The heat ray-absorbing plate glass is heat
ray-absorbing plate glass in accordance with SIS R3208.
[0167] Although the thickness of the first or second laminated
glass member is not particularly limited, the thickness is
preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm and preferably less than
or equal to 5 mm. In the case where the laminated glass member is a
glass plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably greater
than or equal to 1 mm and preferably less than or equal to 5 mm. In
the case where the laminated glass member is a PET film, the
thickness of the PET film is preferably greater than or equal to
0.03 mm and preferably less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
[0168] The production method of the laminated glass is not
particularly limited. For example, the interlayer film mentioned
above is sandwiched between the first and second laminated glass
members, and the air remaining between the first or second
laminated glass member and the interlayer film is removed by
allowing the members to pass through a pressing roll or by putting
the members into a rubber bag and allowing the contents to be
sucked under reduced pressure. Afterward, the members are
preliminarily bonded together at about 70 to 110.degree. C. to
obtain a laminate. Next, by putting the laminate into an autoclave
or by pressing the laminate, the members are press-bonded together
at about 120 to 150.degree. C. and under a pressure of 1 to 1.5
MPa. In this way, laminated glass can be obtained.
[0169] The laminated glass can be used for automobiles, railway
vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings and the like. It is preferred
that the laminated glass be laminated glass for building or for
vehicles, and it is more preferred that the laminated glass be
laminated glass for vehicles. The interlayer film and the laminated
glass can also be used for applications other than these
applications. The interlayer film and the laminated glass can be
used for a windshield, side glass, rear glass or roof glass of an
automobile and the like. Since the interlayer film and the
laminated glass are high in heat shielding properties and high in
visible light transmittance, the interlayer film and the laminated
glass are suitably used for automobiles.
[0170] From the viewpoint of obtaining laminated glass further
excellent in transparency, the visible light transmittance of
laminated glass is preferably higher than or equal to 60%, more
preferably higher than or equal to 65% and further preferably
higher than or equal to 70%. The visible light transmittance of
laminated glass can be measured in accordance with JIS R3211
(1998). The visible light transmittance of laminated glass obtained
by sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass according to
the present invention between two sheets of green glass with a
thickness of 2 mm in accordance with JIS R3208 is preferably higher
than or equal to 60%, more preferably higher than or equal to 65%
and further preferably higher than or equal to 10%. The visible
light transmittance of laminated glass obtained by sandwiching the
interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present
invention between two sheets of clear glass with a thickness of 2
mm is preferably higher than or equal to 60%, more preferably
higher than or equal to 65% and further preferably higher than or
equal to 70%.
[0171] From the viewpoint of obtaining laminated glass further
excellent in heat shielding properties, the Tts of laminated glass
obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention between two sheets of green
glass with a thickness of 2 mm in accordance with JIS R3208 is
preferably lower than or equal to 60%, more preferably lower than
or equal to 55%, further preferably lower than or equal to 53%,
especially preferably lower than or equal to 51% and most
preferably lower than or equal to 50%. From the viewpoint of
obtaining laminated glass further excellent in heat shielding
properties, the Tts of laminated glass obtained by sandwiching the
interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present
invention between two sheets of clear glass with a thickness of 2
mm is preferably lower than or equal to 60%, more preferably lower
than or equal to 55%, further preferably lower than or equal to
53%, especially preferably lower than or equal to 51% and most
preferably lower than or equal to 50%. The Tts is measured in
accordance with ISO 13837.
[0172] From the viewpoint of obtaining laminated glass further
excellent in heat shielding properties, the Tds of laminated glass
obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention between two sheets of green
glass with a thickness of 2 mm in accordance with JIS R3208 is
preferably lower than or equal to 50%, more preferably lower than
or equal to 45%, further preferably lower than or equal to 43% and
especially preferably lower than or equal to 41%. From the
viewpoint of obtaining laminated glass further excellent in heat
shielding properties, the Tds of laminated glass obtained by
sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass according to
the present invention between two sheets of clear glass with a
thickness of 2 mm is preferably lower than or equal to 50%, more
preferably lower than or equal to 45%, further preferably lower
than or equal to 43% and especially preferably lower than or equal
to 41%. The Tds is measured in accordance with ISO 13837.
[0173] The infrared ray transmittance (Tir) is determined by
measuring a value of infrared ray transmittance and normalizing the
value with weighting factors described in JIS Z8722 and JIS
R3106.
[0174] Specifically, the infrared ray transmittance in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a first resin layer, a second resin
layer or the like is measured in the following manner.
[0175] A first resin layer or a second resin layer (an object to be
measured for the infrared ray transmittance) and the like are
interposed between two sheets of clear glass (2.5 mm or 2 mm in
thickness) to prepare laminated glass. Weighting factors in the
range of 780 to 2100 nm among weighting factors in the range of 300
to 2100 nm shown in Appendix Table 2 in JIS R3106 (1998) are used,
and each of weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm is
divided by the total value of weighting factors in the range of 780
to 2100 nm to obtain a newly normalized weighting factor of the
infrared ray transmittance in the range of 780 to 2100 nm. Then,
the spectral transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a
sheet of laminated glass is obtained in accordance with JIS R3106
(1998) using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available from Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation). The spectral transmittance obtained
is multiplied by the newly normalized weighting factor to calculate
the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100
nm.
[0176] The haze value of laminated glass is preferably lower than
or equal to 2%, more preferably lower than or equal to 1%, further
preferably lower than or equal to 0.5% and especially preferably
lower than or equal to 0.4%. The haze value of laminated glass can
be measured in accordance with JIS K6714.
[0177] (Method for Fitting Laminated Glass)
[0178] The method for fitting laminated glass according to the
present invention is a method for fitting the above-described
laminated glass for a building or a vehicle into an opening part
between an outer space and an inner space into which heat rays are
made incident from the outer space.
[0179] Specifically, the laminated glass is fitted into an opening
part so that the first laminated glass member is positioned at the
outer space side and the second laminated glass member is
positioned at the inner space side. That is, the laminated glass is
fitted so that an arrangement order of the outer space/a first
laminated glass member/(another layer/)a first resin layer/(another
layer/)an infrared ray reflection layer/(another layer/)a second
resin layer/(another layer/)a second laminated glass member/the
inner space is attained. Preferably, it is preferred that an
arrangement order of the outer space/a first laminated glass
member/a first resin layer/(another layer/)an infrared ray
reflection layer/(another layer/)a second resin layer/a second
laminated glass member/the inner space be attained, it is preferred
that an arrangement order of the outer space/a first laminated
glass member/(another layer/)a first resin layer/an infrared ray
reflection layer/a second resin layer/(another layer/)a second
laminated glass member/the inner space be attained, and it is
preferred that an arrangement order of the outer space/a first
laminated glass member/a first resin layer/an infrared ray
reflection layer/a second resin layer/a second laminated glass
member/the inner space be attained. In the above-mentioned
arrangement forms, the case where another member is arranged
between the outer space and the first laminated glass member is
included, and the case where another member is arranged between the
inner space and the second laminated glass member is included.
[0180] In the layered structure, each of another layer mentioned
above and another member mentioned above may be present or may be
absent. Sunlight containing heat rays is made incident into
laminated glass from an outer space, and the sunlight containing
heat rays, which has passed through the laminated glass, is led to
an inner space. In the case where laminated glass is fitted into an
opening part as mentioned above, the outer surface of the first
laminated glass member constitutes the incident face for heat rays.
Moreover, heat rays are made incident into the first resin layer
earlier than the second resin layer.
[0181] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more
detail with reference to examples. The present invention is not
limited only to the following examples.
[0182] The following materials were used to form first and second
resin Layers.
[0183] Thermoplastic Resin:
[0184] Polyvinyl butyral resins PVB1 to PVB7 (any of these is a
polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) acetalized with n-butyraldehyde)
shown in the following Table 1 were prepared.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Content Kind of ratio of thermo- Average
hydroxyl Acetylation Butyralization plastic polymerization group
degree degree resin degree (mol %) (mol %) (mol %) PVB1 1700 30.5 1
68.5 PVB2 1700 19 20 61 PVB3 1700 16.5 0.5 83 PVB4 1700 38.5 1 60.5
PVB5 3000 22 13 65 PVB6 3000 19 20 61 PVB7 3000 16.5 0.5 83
[0185] Plasticizer:
[0186] 3GO (triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate)
[0187] Other Ingredients:
[0188] T-326 (an ultraviolet ray shielding agent,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
"Tinuvin 326" available from BASF Japan Ltd.)
[0189] BHT (an oxidation inhibitor, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol)
[0190] ITO (ITO particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles)
[0191] CWO (CWO particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide
(Cs.sub.0.33WO.sub.3) particles)
[0192] 43V (Ingredient X, a phthalocyanine compound, "NIR-43V"
available from YAMADA CHEMICAL CO., LTD. which contains a vanadium
atom as the central metal)
[0193] A metal salt (an adhesive force regulating agent, magnesium
acetate tetrahydrate)
[0194] Moreover, the following infrared ray reflection layers were
prepared.
[0195] XIR-75 (a resin film with metal foil, "XIR-75" available
from Southwall Technologies Inc.)
[0196] A multilayer film (3M, a multilayer resin film, "Multilayer
Nano 80S" .RTM. available from 3M Japan Limited)
[0197] Moreover, the following laminated glass members (sheets of
glass) were prepared.
[0198] Clear glass (300 cm in longitudinal length by 300 cm in
transversal length by 2 mm in thickness)
[0199] Green glass (heat ray-absorbing plate glass in accordance
with JIS R3208, 300 cm in longitudinal length by 300 cm in
transversal length by 2 mm in thickness)
[0200] Light green glass (heat ray-absorbing plate glass in
accordance with JIS R3208, 300 cm in longitudinal length by 300 cm
in transversal length by 2 mm in thickness)
[0201] Dark green glass (heat ray-absorbing plate glass in
accordance with JIS R3208, 300 cm in longitudinal length by 300 cm
in transversal length by 2 mm in thickness)
[0202] UV green glass (heat ray-absorbing plate glass in accordance
with JIS R3208, 300 cm in longitudinal length by 300 cm in
transversal length by 2 mm in thickness)
[0203] (Preparation of Resin Layer A1)
[0204] To 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB1),
40 parts by weight of a plasticizer (3GO), 0.8 part by weight of an
ultraviolet ray shielding agent (T-326), 0.2 part by weight of an
oxidation inhibitor (BHT) and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate in an
amount that the metal element concentration becomes 45.6 ppm in the
resulting resin layer A1 were added and thoroughly kneaded with a
mixing roll to obtain a composition.
[0205] The composition obtained was extruded by an extruder to
obtain a single-layered resin layer A1 with a thickness of 380
.mu.m.
[0206] (Preparation of Resin Layers A2 to A7)
[0207] Single-layered resin layers A2 to A7 with a thickness of 380
.mu.m were obtained in the same manner as that for the resin layer
A1 except that the kind of ingredients to be blended and the
blending amount thereof were set to those listed in the following
Table 2.
[0208] (Preparation of Resin Layer A8)
[0209] To 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB1),
40 parts by weight of a plasticizer (3GO), 0.2 part by weight of an
ultraviolet ray shielding agent (T-326), 0.2 part by weight of an
oxidation inhibitor (BHT) and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate in an
amount that the metal element concentration becomes 45.6 ppm in the
resulting resin layer A8 were added and thoroughly kneaded with a
mixing roll to obtain a composition.
[0210] The composition obtained was extruded by an extruder to
obtain a resin layer A8 having a dividedly dyed part (a shaded
part) with a thickness of 760 .mu.m.
[0211] (Preparation of Resin Layer A9)
[0212] To 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB1),
40 parts by weight of a plasticizer (3GO), 0.2 part by weight of an
ultraviolet ray shielding agent (T-326), 0.2 part by weight of an
oxidation inhibitor (BHT) and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate in an
amount that the metal element concentration becomes 45.6 ppm in the
resulting resin layer A9 were added and thoroughly kneaded with a
mixing roll to obtain a composition.
[0213] The composition obtained was extruded by an extruder to
obtain a resin layer A9 having a wedge shape.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Composition of first resin layer PVB 3GO
T-326 BHT Metal Kind of first Parts by Parts by Parts by Parts by
salt resin layer Kind weight weight weight weight ppm A1 PVB1 100
40 0.8 0.2 45.6 A2 PVB1 100 36 0.2 0.2 45.6 A3 PVB1 100 36 0.8 0.2
45.6 A4 PVB1 100 40 0.2 0.2 45.6 A5 PVB2 100 36 0.8 0.2 45.6 A6
PVB3 100 36 0.8 0.2 45.6 A7 PVB4 100 36 0.8 0.2 45.6 A8 PVB1 100 40
0.2 0.2 45.6 A9 PVB1 100 40 0.2 0.2 45.6
[0214] (Preparation of Resin Layer A10)
[0215] To 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB1),
40 parts by weight of a plasticizer (3GO) and magnesium acetate
tetrahydrate in an amount that the metal element concentration
becomes 45.6 ppm in the resulting surface layer (an amount that the
metal element concentration becomes 36.48 ppm in the resulting
resin layer A10) were added and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing
roll to obtain a composition for the surface layer. To 100 parts by
weight of a polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB5), 60 parts by weight of a
plasticizer (3GO) was added and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing
roll to obtain a composition for the core layer. The composition
for the surface layer and the composition for the core layer were
coextruded by an extruder to obtain a multi-layered resin layer A10
with a thickness of 500 The resin layer A10 obtained has a layered
structure with a stack of a surface layer (200 .mu.m in
thickness)/a core layer (100 .mu.m in thickness)/a surface layer
(200 .mu.m in thickness).
[0216] (Preparation of Resin Layers all to A14)
[0217] Three-layered resin layers A11 to A14 with a thickness of
500 .mu.m were prepared in the same manner as that for the resin
layer A10 except that the kind of ingredients to be blended and the
content thereof were set to those listed in the following Table
3
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Composition of first resin layer Surface
layer Core layer PVB 3GO T-326 BHT Metal PVB 3GO T-326 BHT Kind of
first Parts by Parts by Parts by Parts by salt Parts by Parts by
Parts by Parts by resin layer Kind weight weight weight weight ppm
Kind weight weight weight weight A10 PVB1 100 40 -- -- 45.6 PVB5
100 60 -- -- A11 PVB2 100 40 -- -- 45.6 PVB5 100 60 -- -- A12 PVB3
100 40 -- -- 45.6 PVB5 100 60 -- -- A13 PVB1 100 40 -- -- 45.6 PVB6
100 60 -- -- A14 PVB1 100 40 -- -- 45.6 PVB7 100 60 -- --
[0218] (Preparation of Resin Layers A15 to A17)
[0219] Single-layered resin layers A15 to A17 with a thickness of
380 .mu.m were obtained in the same manner as that for the resin
layer A1 except that the kind of ingredients to be blended and the
blending amount thereof were set to those listed in the following
Table 4.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Composition of first resin layer PVB 3GO
T-326 BHT Metal Kind of first Parts by Parts by Parts by Parts by
salt resin layer Kind weight weight weight weight ppm A15 PVB1 100
36 0.2 0.2 25.6 A16 PVB1 100 36 0.2 0.2 65.6 A17 PVB1 100 36 0.2
0.2 --
[0220] (Preparation of Resin Layers A18 to A20)
[0221] Three-layered resin layers A18 to A20 with a thickness of
500 .mu.m were prepared in the same manner as that for the resin
layer A10 except that the kind of ingredients to be blended and the
content thereof were set to those listed in the following Table
5.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Composition of first resin layer Surface
layer Core layer PVB 3GO T-326 BHT Metal PVB 3GO T-326 BHT Kind of
first Parts by Parts by Parts by Parts by salt Parts by Parts by
Parts by Parts by resin layer Kind weight weight weight weight ppm
Kind weight weight weight weight A18 PVB1 100 40 -- -- 25.6 PVB5
100 60 -- -- A19 PVB1 100 40 -- -- 65.6 PVB5 100 60 -- -- A20 PVB1
100 40 -- -- -- PVB5 100 60 -- --
[0222] (Preparation of Resin Layer B1)
[0223] To 40 parts by weight of a plasticizer (3GO), heat shielding
particles (ITO) in an amount that the content thereof in the
resulting resin layer B1 becomes 0.4% by weight and an Ingredient X
(43V) in an amount that the content thereof in the resulting resin
layer B1 becomes 0.008% by weight were added and mixed to obtain a
plasticizer dispersion.
[0224] To 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB1)
the whole amount of the plasticizer dispersion, 0.8 part by weight
of an ultraviolet ray shielding agent (1-326), 0.2 part by weight
of an oxidation inhibitor (BHT) and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate
in an amount that the metal element concentration becomes 94.3 ppm
in the resulting resin layer B1 were added and thoroughly kneaded
with a mixing roll to obtain a composition.
[0225] The composition obtained was extruded by an extruder to
obtain a single-layered resin layer B1 with a thickness of 380
.mu.m.
[0226] (Preparation of Resin Layers B2 to B21)
[0227] Single-layered resin layers B2 to B21 with a thickness of
380 .mu.m were prepared in the same manner as that for the resin
layer B1 except that the kind of ingredients to be blended and the
content thereof were set to those listed in the following Table
6.
[0228] In this connection, in the foregoing Tables 2 to 5 and the
following Table 6, the amounts of 3GO, T-326 and BHT blended refer
to the blending amounts thereof (parts by weight) relative to 100
parts by weight of the polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). The amounts
of ITO, CWO and 43V blended refer to the blending amounts thereof
(% by weight) in 100% by weight of the resin layer. The amount of a
metal salt blended refers to the metal element (Mg) concentration
in the resin layer. Moreover, with regard to each of the alkali
metal, the alkaline earth metal and Mg, the total content thereof
in the first and second resin layers was determined to be less than
or equal to 150 ppm.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Composition of second resin layer PVB1 3GO
T-326 BHT ITO CWO 43V Metal Kind of second Parts by Parts by Parts
by Parts by % by % by % by salt resin layer weight weight weight
weight weight weight weight ppm B1 100 40 0.8 0.2 0.4 -- 0.008 94.3
B2 100 40 0.8 0.2 0.2 -- -- 94.3 B3 100 40 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.006
94.3 B4 100 40 0.8 0.2 0.8 -- 0.012 94.3 B5 100 40 0.8 0.2 0.28
0.048 0.012 94.3 B6 100 36 0.8 0.4 0.8 -- 0.009 94.3 B7 100 36 0.8
0.4 1.17 -- 0.009 94.3 B8 100 36 0.8 0.4 0.7 -- 0.007 94.3 B9 100
36 0.8 0.4 1.32 -- 0.014 94.3 B10 100 36 0.8 0.4 1.67 -- 0.018 94.3
B11 100 36 0.8 0.4 0.8 -- 0.009 74.3 B12 100 36 0.8 0.4 0.8 --
0.009 114.3 B13 100 36 0.8 0.4 0.8 -- 0.009 -- B14 100 36 0.8 0.2
0.833 -- 0.009 94.3 B15 100 36 0.8 0.2 0.66 0.01 0.009 94.3 B16 100
36 0.8 0.2 0.51 0.02 0.009 94.3 B17 100 36 0.8 0.2 0.28 0.04 0.009
94.3 B18 100 36 0.8 0.2 0.72 -- 0.01 94.3 B19 100 36 0.8 0.2 0.22
0.04 0.01 94.3 B20 100 36 0.8 0.2 0.64 -- 0.011 94.3 B21 100 36 0.8
0.2 0.2 0.04 0.011 94.3
Example 1
(1) Preparation of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass
[0229] As an infrared ray reflection layer, XIR-75 (a resin film
with metal foil, "XIR-75" available from Southwall Technologies
Inc.) was prepared.
[0230] The XIR-75 prepared was used as an infrared ray reflection
layer and the infrared ray reflection layer was sandwiched between
a resin layer A1 obtained and a resin layer B1 obtained to obtain
an interlayer film.
[0231] (2) Preparation of Laminated Glass
[0232] The interlayer film obtained was cut into a size of 30 cm in
longitudinal length by 30 cm in transversal length. Moreover, two
sheets of clear glass (30 cm in longitudinal length by 30 cm in
transversal length by 2.5 mm in thickness) were prepared. The
interlayer film obtained was sandwiched between the two sheets of
clear glass, held in place for 30 minutes at 90.degree. C. and
pressed under vacuum with a vacuum laminator to obtain a laminate.
With regard to the laminate, interlayer film portions protruded
from the glass plate were cut away to obtain a sheet of laminated
glass.
Examples 2 to 47
[0233] Interlayer films and sheets of laminated glass were prepared
in the same manner as that in Example 1 except that the kind of
first and second resin layers, the kind of an infrared ray
reflection layer and the kind of first and second laminated glass
members were set to those listed in the following Table 7.
Comparative Example 1
[0234] Without using an infrared ray reflection layer, a resin
layer A1 obtained and a resin layer B5 obtained were layered to
obtain an interlayer film. A sheet of laminated glass was obtained
in the same manner as that in Example 1 except that the interlayer
film obtained was used and the first and second laminated glass
members were changed to sheets of green glass.
Comparative Example 2
[0235] The same infrared ray reflection layer as that in Example 1
was sandwiched between a resin layer A1 obtained and a resin layer
A1 obtained to obtain an interlayer film. A sheet of laminated
glass was obtained in the same manner as that in Example 1 except
that the interlayer film obtained was used.
Comparative Example 3
[0236] As an infrared ray reflection layer, a multilayer film (3M,
a multilayer resin film, "Multilayer Nano 80S" available from 3M
Japan Limited) was prepared.
[0237] The multilayer film prepared was used alone as an infrared
ray reflection layer and the infrared ray reflection layer was
sandwiched between a resin layer A1 obtained and a resin layer A1
obtained to obtain an interlayer film. A sheet of laminated glass
was obtained in the same manner as that in Example 1 except that
the interlayer film obtained was used.
Comparative Example 4
[0238] As an infrared ray reflection layer, a multilayer film (3M,
a multilayer resin film, "Multilayer Nano 80S" available from 3M
Japan Limited) was prepared.
[0239] The multilayer film prepared was used alone as an infrared
ray reflection layer and the infrared ray reflection layer was
sandwiched between a resin layer A1 obtained and a resin layer A1
obtained to obtain an interlayer film. A sheet of laminated glass
was obtained in the same manner as that in Example 1 except that
the interlayer film obtained was used and the first and second
laminated glass members were changed to sheets of green glass.
Comparative Example 5
[0240] Without using an infrared ray reflection layer, a resin
layer A1 obtained and a resin layer B1 obtained were layered to
obtain an interlayer film. A sheet of laminated glass was obtained
in the same manner as that in Example 1 except that the interlayer
film obtained was used.
[0241] (Evaluation)
[0242] (1) Measurement of Visible Light Transmittance (a Light Y
Value, A-Y (380 to 780 nm))
[0243] The laminated glass obtained was measured for the visible
light transmittance in the wavelength of 380 to 780 nm in
accordance with JIS R3211 (1998) using a spectrophotometer
("U-4100" available from Hitachi High-Technologies
Corporation).
[0244] (2) Measurement of Tds (Direct Solar Energy Transmitted
Through a Glazing)
[0245] The laminated glass obtained was measured for the Tds in the
wavelength of 300 to 2500 nm in accordance with ISO 13837 using a
spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available from Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation).
[0246] (3) Measurement of Tts (Total Solar Energy Transmitted
Through a Glazing)
[0247] The transmittance/reflectance in the wavelength of 300 to
2500 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available
from Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) in accordance with ISO
13837 to calculate the Tts.
[0248] (4) Penetration Resistance
[0249] The penetration resistance was judged according to the
following criteria.
[0250] The surface temperature of the sheet of laminated glass (30
cm in longitudinal length by 30 cm in transversal length) obtained
was adjusted to 23.degree. C. Then, in accordance with JIS R3212, a
hard sphere with a mass of 2260 g and a diameter of 82 mm was
dropped at the center part of each of six sheets of laminated glass
from a height of 5 m. In the case where the hard sphere does not
penetrate through each of all the six sheets of laminated glass
within 5 seconds after the hard sphere has collided therewith, the
laminated glass is acceptable (Circle). In the case where sheets of
laminated glass through each of which the hard sphere does not
penetrate within 5 seconds after the hard sphere has collided
therewith are three or less sheets, the laminated glass is not
acceptable (X mark). In the case where sheets of laminated glass
through each of which the hard sphere does not penetrate are four
sheets, separately, six sheets of laminated glass are evaluated for
the penetration resistance. In the case where sheets of laminated
glass through each of which the hard sphere does not penetrate are
five sheets, separately, one sheet of laminated glass is
additionally tested. In the case where the hard sphere does not
penetrate through the sheet of laminated glass within 5 seconds
after the hard sphere has collided therewith, the laminated glass
is acceptable. In the same manner, a hard sphere with a mass of
2260 g and a diameter of 82 mm was dropped at the center part of
each of six sheets of laminated glass from a height of 5 m, 6 m or
7 m to evaluate the penetration resistance of laminated glass. In
this connection, with regard to Examples 36 to 39 in which a resin
layer containing no metal salt is used, as compared with other
examples, there is a tendency that the size of glass fragments
becomes large. In this connection, in all of the examples and
comparative examples, respective sheets of laminated glass were
determined to be acceptable (Circle) even in the case where the
height from which the hard sphere is dropped was 5 m, 6 m or 7
m.
[0251] The layered configuration of laminated glass and evaluation
results are shown in the following Tables 7 and 8. When the
infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of
the first resin layer is defined as Tx1 and the infrared ray
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the second
resin layer is defined as Tx2, the relationship between Tx1 and Tx2
is described in the column of "Resin layer" of the infrared ray
transmittance of the following Table 8. When the infrared ray
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first
laminated glass member is defined as Ty1 and the infrared ray
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the second
laminated glass member is defined as Ty2, the relationship between
Ty1 and Ty2 is described in the column of "Laminated glass member"
of the infrared ray transmittance of the following Table 8.
[0252] In this connection, the infrared ray transmittance Tx1 or
Tx2 in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a first resin layer or a
second resin layer was measured in the following manner. A first
resin layer or a second resin layer was interposed between two
sheets of clear glass (2.5 mm in thickness) to prepare laminated
glass. Weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm shown in
Appendix Table 2 in JIS R3106 (1998) were used and normalized as
new weighting factors for the infrared ray transmittance. Then, the
spectral transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a
sheet of laminated glass was obtained in accordance with JIS R3106
(1998) using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available from Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation). The spectral transmittance obtained
was multiplied by the newly normalized weighting factor to
calculate the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780
to 2100 nm. That is, weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100
nm among weighting factors in the range of 300 to 2100 nm shown in
Appendix Table 2 in JIS R3106 (1998) were used, and each of
weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm was divided by the
total value of weighting factors in the range of 780 to 2100 nm to
obtain a newly normalized weighting factor of the infrared ray
transmittance in the range of 780 to 2100 nm. Then, the spectral
transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of a sheet of
laminated glass was obtained in accordance with JIS R3106 (1998)
using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" available from Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation). The spectral transmittance obtained
was multiplied by the newly normalized weighting factor to
calculate the infrared ray transmittance Tx1 or Tx2 in the
wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm. Similarly, a first laminated glass
member or a second laminated glass member as a glass plate-made
single plate was measured for the infrared ray transmittance Ty1 or
Ty2 in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm.
[0253] Moreover, in Example 18 where a resin layer A9 having a
wedge shape is used, a portion with a thickness of 760 .mu.m of the
resin layer A9 having a wedge shape was measured for the Tx1, A-Y,
Tds and Tts.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Layered configuration Evaluation First
Infrared Second Pene- laminated First ray Second laminated tration
glass resin reflection resin glass A-Y Tds Tts resis- member layer
layer layer member (%) (%) (%) tance Ex. 1 Clear A1 XIR-75 B1 Clear
72.6 41.0 50.4 .largecircle. Ex. 2 Clear A1 XIR-75 B2 Green 70.0
24.8 49.6 .largecircle. Ex. 3 Clear A1 3M B3 Clear 76.6 39.2 50.4
.largecircle. Ex. 4 Clear A1 3M B4 Green 76.1 38.6 49.9
.largecircle. Ex. 5 Green A1 3M B3 Green 71.5 35.9 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 6 Clear A1 3M B6 Green 75.9 37.6 49.1
.largecircle. Ex. 7 Clear A2 3M B6 Green 77.1 38.0 49.0
.largecircle. Ex. 8 Clear A3 3M B6 Green 77.7 40.0 50.5
.largecircle. Ex. 9 Clear A4 3M B6 Green 77.8 40.2 50.8
.largecircle. Ex. 10 Clear A5 3M B6 Green 77.9 40.3 50.7
.largecircle. Ex. 11 Clear A6 3M B6 Green 77.8 40.2 50.8
.largecircle. Ex. 12 Clear A7 3M B6 Green 77.7 39.7 50.5
.largecircle. Ex. 13 Clear A2 3M B7 Green 75.4 36.7 48.2
.largecircle. Ex. 14 Clear A2 3M B8 Green 79.2 41.0 51.7
.largecircle. Ex. 15 Clear A2 3M B9 Green 76.7 37.7 49.2
.largecircle. Ex. 16 Clear A2 3M B10 Green 73.7 34.2 46.6
.largecircle. Ex. 17 Clear A8 3M B6 Green 77.7 40.0 50.7
.largecircle. Ex. 18 Clear A9 3M B6 Green 77.8 38.4 49.5
.largecircle. Ex. 19 Clear A10 3M B6 Green 78.1 39.0 50.1
.largecircle. Ex. 20 Clear A11 3M B6 Green 77.8 40.2 51.0
.largecircle. Ex. 21 Clear A12 3M B6 Green 77.9 40.3 51.0
.largecircle. Ex. 22 Clear A13 3M B6 Green 77.8 40.2 50.9
.largecircle. Ex. 23 Clear A14 3M B6 Green 78.1 39.5 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 24 Clear A3 3M B6 Light green 77.5 39.0 52.2
.largecircle. Ex. 25 Clear A3 3M B6 Dark green 72.8 34.6 49.1
.largecircle. Ex. 26 Clear A3 3M B6 UV green 74.7 36.6 47.8
.largecircle. Ex. 27 Light green A3 3M B6 Light green 73.5 34.7
49.1 .largecircle. Ex. 28 Clear A15 3M B6 Green 77.1 38.0 49.0
.largecircle. Ex. 29 Clear A16 3M B6 Green 77.1 38.0 49.0
.largecircle. Ex. 30 Clear A18 3M B6 Green 78.1 39.0 50.1
.largecircle. Ex. 31 Clear A19 3M B6 Green 78.1 39.0 50.1
.largecircle. Ex. 32 Clear A1 3M B11 Green 77.1 38.0 49.0
.largecircle. Ex. 33 Clear A1 3M B12 Green 77.1 38.0 49.0
.largecircle. Ex. 34 Clear A10 3M B11 Green 78.1 39.0 50.1
.largecircle. Ex. 35 Clear A10 3M B12 Green 78.1 39.0 50.1
.largecircle. Ex. 36 Clear A17 3M B6 Green 77.1 38.0 49.0
.largecircle. Ex. 37 Clear A20 3M B6 Green 78.1 39.0 50.1
.largecircle. Ex. 38 Clear A1 3M B13 Green 77.1 38.0 49.0
.largecircle. Ex. 39 Clear A10 3M B13 Green 78.1 39.0 50.1
.largecircle. Ex. 40 Clear A2 3M B14 Green 76.9 39.1 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 41 Clear A2 3M B15 Green 76.8 39.2 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 42 Clear A2 3M B16 Green 76.6 39.1 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 43 Clear A2 3M B17 Green 76.2 39.1 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 44 Clear A2 3M B18 Green 77.0 39.2 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 45 Clear A2 3M B19 Green 76.1 39.2 50.4
.largecircle. Ex. 46 Clear A2 3M B20 Green 76.9 39.1 50.3
.largecircle. Ex. 47 Clear A2 3M B21 Green 75.9 39.0 50.2
.largecircle. Comp. Ex. 1 Green A1 -- B5 Green 74.9 41.4 56.1
.largecircle. Comp. Ex. 2 Clear A1 XIR-75 A1 Clear 75.6 47.5 55.1
.largecircle. Comp. Ex. 3 Clear A1 3M A1 Clear 83.1 54.5 61.6
.largecircle. Comp. Ex. 4 Green A1 3M A1 Green 75.6 45.7 57.0
.largecircle. Comp. Ex. 5 Clear A1 -- B1 Clear 85.2 60.9 69.7
.largecircle.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Resin layer Laminated glass member Tx1 Tx2
Tx1 - Ty1 Ty2 Ty1 - (%) (%) Tx2 (%) (%) Ty2 Ex. 1 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1
49.8 26.3 Ty1 = Ty2 85.3 85.3 0.0 Ex. 2 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1 57.1 19
Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 3 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1 27.7 48.4 Ty1 =
Ty2 85.3 85.3 0.0 Ex. 4 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1 39.3 36.8 Ty1 > Ty2
85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 5 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1 27.7 48.4 Ty1 = Ty2 61.1
61.1 0.0 Ex. 6 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1 40.3 35.8 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1
24.2 Ex. 7 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 40.3 36 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2
Ex. 8 Tx1 > Tx2 75.9 40.3 35.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 9
Tx1 > Tx2 76.2 40.3 35.9 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 10 Tx1
> Tx2 75.9 40.3 35.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 11 Tx1 >
Tx2 75.9 40.3 35.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 12 Tx1 > Tx2
75.9 40.3 35.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 13 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3
38.3 38 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 14 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 41.3
35 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 15 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 37.3 39 Ty1
> Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 16 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 36.3 40 Ty1 >
Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 17 Tx1 > Tx2 76.2 40.3 35.9 Ty1 > Ty2
85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 18 Tx1 > Tx2 76.2 40.3 35.9 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3
61.1 24.2 Ex. 19 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1
24.2 Ex. 20 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2
Ex. 21 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex.
22 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 23
Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 24 Tx1
> Tx2 75.9 40.3 35.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 57.5 27.8 Ex. 25 Tx1 >
Tx2 75.9 40.3 35.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 55.5 29.8 Ex. 26 Tx1 > Tx2
75.9 40.3 35.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 56.0 29.3 Ex. 27 Tx1 > Tx2 75.9
40.3 35.6 Ty1 = Ty2 57.5 57.5 0.0 Ex. 28 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 40.3 36
Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 29 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 40.3 36 Ty1
> Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 30 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 >
Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 31 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2
85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 32 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 40.3 36 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3
61.1 24.2 Ex. 33 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 40.3 36 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1
24.2 Ex. 34 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2
Ex. 35 Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex.
36 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 40.3 36.0 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 37
Tx1 > Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 38 Tx1
> Tx2 76.3 40.3 36.0 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 39 Tx1 >
Tx2 75.8 40.3 35.5 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 40 Tx1 > Tx2
76.3 42.0 34.3 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 41 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3
42.2 34.1 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 42 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 42.1
34.2 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 43 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 42.1 34.2
Ty1 > Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 44 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 43.9 32.4 Ty1
> Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 45 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 44.0 32.3 Ty1 >
Ty2 85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 46 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 45.5 30.8 Ty1 > Ty2
85.3 61.1 24.2 Ex. 47 Tx1 > Tx2 76.3 44.7 31.6 Ty1 > Ty2 85.3
61.1 24.2 Comp. Ex. 1 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1 40.8 35.3 Ty1 = Ty2 61.1
61.1 0.0 Comp. Ex. 2 Tx1 = Tx2 76.1 76.1 0.0 Ty1 = Ty2 85.3 85.3
0.0 Comp. Ex. 3 Tx1 = Tx2 76.1 76.1 0.0 Ty1 = Ty2 85.3 85.3 0.0
Comp. Ex. 4 Tx1 = Tx2 76.1 76.1 0.0 Ty1 = Ty2 61.1 61.1 0.0 Comp.
Ex. 5 Tx1 > Tx2 76.1 49.8 26.3 Ty1 = Ty2 85.3 85.3 0.0
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
[0254] 1: Interlayer film [0255] 1a: First surface [0256] 1b:
Second surface [0257] 2: Infrared ray reflection layer [0258] 2a:
First surface [0259] 2b: Second surface [0260] 3: First resin layer
[0261] 3a: Outer surface [0262] 4: Second resin layer [0263] 4a:
Outer surface [0264] 11: Laminated glass [0265] 21: First laminated
glass member [0266] 22: Second laminated glass member
* * * * *