U.S. patent application number 15/109655 was filed with the patent office on 2016-11-10 for ejectors and methods of manufacture.
This patent application is currently assigned to CARRIER CORPORATION. The applicant listed for this patent is Carrier Corporation. Invention is credited to Kenneth E. CRESSWELL, J. Michael GRIFFIN, Alexander LIFSON, Steven A. LOZYNIAK, Thomas D. RADCLIFF, Zuojun SHI, Parmesh VERMA.
Application Number | 20160327319 15/109655 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52440909 |
Filed Date | 2016-11-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160327319 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LOZYNIAK; Steven A. ; et
al. |
November 10, 2016 |
Ejectors and Methods of Manufacture
Abstract
An ejector has: a motive flow inlet (40); a secondary flow inlet
(42); an outlet (44); a motive nozzle (204); a diffuser (118); and
a control needle (132) shiftable between a first position and a
second position. The ejector comprises: an inlet body (210; 400)
bearing the motive flow inlet and the secondary flow inlet; a
diffuser body (212) forming the diffuser and bearing the outlet; a
motive nozzle insert (204) forming the motive nozzle in a
compartment (240) in the inlet body; and a needle guide insert
(270) in the motive nozzle insert.
Inventors: |
LOZYNIAK; Steven A.; (South
Windsor, CT) ; LIFSON; Alexander; (Manlius, NY)
; SHI; Zuojun; (Marcellus, NY) ; VERMA;
Parmesh; (South Windsor, CT) ; CRESSWELL; Kenneth
E.; (Cazenovia, NY) ; GRIFFIN; J. Michael;
(Allentown, PA) ; RADCLIFF; Thomas D.; (Vernon,
CT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Carrier Corporation |
Farmington |
CT |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
CARRIER CORPORATION
Farmington
CT
|
Family ID: |
52440909 |
Appl. No.: |
15/109655 |
Filed: |
January 20, 2015 |
PCT Filed: |
January 20, 2015 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2015/011941 |
371 Date: |
July 4, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61933766 |
Jan 30, 2014 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 9/08 20130101; F25B
2341/001 20130101; F04F 5/46 20130101; F05D 2260/601 20130101; F25B
41/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25B 41/00 20060101
F25B041/00 |
Claims
1. An ejector comprising: a motive flow inlet (40); a secondary
flow inlet (42); an outlet (44); a motive nozzle (204); a diffuser
(118); and a control needle (132) shiftable between a first
position and a second position, wherein the ejector comprises: an
inlet body (210; 400) bearing the motive flow inlet and the
secondary flow inlet; a diffuser body (212) forming the diffuser
and bearing the outlet; a motive nozzle insert (204) forming the
motive nozzle in a compartment (240) in the inlet body; and a
needle guide insert (270) in the motive nozzle insert.
2. The ejector of claim 1 wherein: the needle guide insert (270) is
brazed to the motive nozzle insert.
3. The ejector of claim 2 wherein: the motive nozzle insert is
brazed to the compartment.
4. The ejector of claim 1 wherein: the inlet body is a first piece;
and the diffuser body is a second piece.
5. The ejector of claim 1 wherein: the inlet body is metallic; and
the diffuser body is metallic.
6. The ejector of claim 1 wherein: the inlet body is threaded to
the diffuser body.
7. An ejector comprising: a motive flow inlet (40); a secondary
flow inlet (42); an outlet (44); a motive nozzle (204); and a
diffuser (118), wherein the ejector comprises: an inlet body (210;
400) bearing the motive flow inlet and the secondary flow inlet; a
diffuser body (212) forming the diffuser and bearing the outlet;
and a motive nozzle insert (204) forming the motive nozzle in a
compartment (240) in the inlet body, said compartment having a
downstream-facing surface (258) abutting an upstream facing surface
(252) of the motive nozzle insert, an upstream end of the motive
nozzle insert being within the compartment.
8. The ejector of claim 7 further comprising: a control needle
(132) shiftable between a first position and a second position; and
a needle guide insert (270) in the motive nozzle insert.
9. The ejector of claim 8 wherein: the needle guide insert (270) is
brazed to the motive nozzle insert.
10. The ejector of claim 7 wherein: the motive nozzle insert is
brazed to the compartment.
11. The ejector of claim 7 wherein: the inlet body is a first
piece; and the diffuser body is a second piece.
12. The ejector of claim 7 wherein: the inlet body is metallic; and
the diffuser body is metallic.
13. The ejector of claim 7 wherein: the inlet body is threaded to
the diffuser body.
14. A method for manufacturing an ejector, the ejector comprising:
a motive flow inlet (40); a secondary flow inlet (42); an outlet
(44); a motive nozzle (204); a diffuser (118); an inlet body (210;
400) bearing the motive flow inlet and the secondary flow inlet; a
diffuser body (212) forming the diffuser and bearing the outlet;
and a motive nozzle insert (204) forming the motive nozzle in a
compartment (240) in the inlet body, the method comprising:
inserting the motive nozzle insert (204) into the compartment from
an opening in a downstream end (232) of the inlet body; mating the
diffuser body to the downstream end of the inlet body.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein: the ejector further comprises:
a control needle (132) shiftable between a first position and a
second position; and a needle guide insert (270) in the motive
nozzle insert; and the method further comprises: inserting the
needle guide insert into the motive nozzle insert
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising: brazing the needle
guide insert to the motive nozzle insert.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein: the mating the diffuser body to
the downstream end of the inlet body comprises threading.
18. The method of claim 14 further comprising: brazing the motive
nozzle insert to the inlet body.
19. The ejector of claim 1 wherein: the needle guide insert has a
central bore (278) for passing and guiding the needle and a
plurality of off-center bores (280) for passing motive flow.
20. The ejector of claim 7 wherein: the motive nozzle insert is
press-fit into the compartment.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] Benefit is claimed of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No.
61/933,766, filed Jan. 30, 2014, and entitled "Ejectors and Methods
of Manufacture", the disclosure of which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety as if set forth at length.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present disclosure relates to refrigeration. More
particularly, it relates to ejector refrigeration systems.
[0003] Earlier proposals for ejector refrigeration systems are
found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,836,318 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,277,660. FIG.
1 shows one basic example of an ejector refrigeration system 20.
The system includes a compressor 22 having an inlet (suction port)
24 and an outlet (discharge port) 26. The compressor and other
system components are positioned along a refrigerant circuit or
flowpath 27 and connected via various conduits (lines). A discharge
line 28 extends from the outlet 26 to the inlet 32 of a heat
exchanger (a heat rejection heat exchanger in a normal mode of
system operation (e.g., a condenser or gas cooler)) 30. A line 36
extends from the outlet 34 of the heat rejection heat exchanger 30
to a primary inlet (liquid or supercritical or two-phase inlet) 40
of an ejector 38. The ejector 38 also has a secondary inlet
(saturated or superheated vapor or two-phase inlet) 42 and an
outlet 44. A line 46 extends from the ejector outlet 44 to an inlet
50 of a separator 48. The separator has a liquid outlet 52 and a
gas outlet 54. A suction line 56 extends from the gas outlet 54 to
the compressor suction port 24. The lines 28, 36, 46, 56, and
components therebetween define a primary loop 60 of the refrigerant
circuit 27. A secondary loop 62 of the refrigerant circuit 27
includes a heat exchanger 64 (in a normal operational mode being a
heat absorption heat exchanger (e.g., evaporator)). The evaporator
64 includes an inlet 66 and an outlet 68 along the secondary loop
62. An expansion device 70 is positioned in a line 72 which extends
between the separator liquid outlet 52 and the evaporator inlet 66.
An ejector secondary inlet line 74 extends from the evaporator
outlet 68 to the ejector secondary inlet 42.
[0004] In the normal mode of operation, gaseous refrigerant is
drawn by the compressor 22 through the suction line 56 and inlet 24
and compressed and discharged from the discharge port 26 into the
discharge line 28. In the heat rejection heat exchanger, the
refrigerant loses/rejects heat to a heat transfer fluid (e.g.,
fan-forced air or water or other fluid). Cooled refrigerant exits
the heat rejection heat exchanger via the outlet 34 and enters the
ejector primary inlet 40 via the line 36.
[0005] The exemplary ejector 38 (FIG. 2) is formed as the
combination of a motive (primary) nozzle 100 nested within an outer
member 102. The primary inlet 40 is the inlet to the motive nozzle
100. The outlet 44 is the outlet of the outer member 102. The
primary refrigerant flow 103 enters the inlet 40 and then passes
into a convergent section 104 of the motive nozzle 100. It then
passes through a throat section 106 and an expansion (divergent)
section 108 through an outlet (exit) 110 of the motive nozzle 100.
The motive nozzle 100 accelerates the flow 103 and decreases the
pressure of the flow. The secondary inlet 42 forms an inlet of the
outer member 102. The pressure reduction caused to the primary flow
by the motive nozzle helps draw the secondary flow 112 into the
outer member. The outer member includes a mixer having a convergent
section 114 and an elongate throat or mixing section 116. The outer
member also has a divergent section or diffuser 118 downstream of
the elongate throat or mixing section 116. The motive nozzle outlet
110 is positioned within the convergent section 114. As the flow
103 exits the outlet 110, it begins to mix with the flow 112 with
further mixing occurring through the mixing section 116 which
provides a mixing zone. Thus, respective primary and secondary
flowpaths extend from the primary inlet and secondary inlet to the
outlet, merging at the exit. In operation, the primary flow 103 may
typically be supercritical upon entering the ejector and
subcritical upon exiting the motive nozzle. The secondary flow 112
is gaseous (or a mixture of gas with a smaller amount of liquid)
upon entering the secondary inlet port 42. The resulting combined
flow 120 is a liquid/vapor mixture and decelerates and recovers
pressure in the diffuser 118 while remaining a mixture. Upon
entering the separator, the flow 120 is separated back into the
flows 103 and 112. The flow 103 passes as a gas through the
compressor suction line as discussed above. The flow 112 passes as
a liquid to the expansion valve 70. The flow 112 may be expanded by
the valve 70 (e.g., to a low quality (two-phase with small amount
of vapor)) and passed to the evaporator 64. Within the evaporator
64, the refrigerant absorbs heat from a heat transfer fluid (e.g.,
from a fan-forced air flow or water or other liquid) and is
discharged from the outlet 68 to the line 74 as the aforementioned
gas.
[0006] Use of an ejector serves to recover pressure/work. Work
recovered from the expansion process is used to compress the
gaseous refrigerant prior to entering the compressor. Accordingly,
the pressure ratio of the compressor (and thus the power
consumption) may be reduced for a given desired evaporator
pressure. The quality of refrigerant entering the evaporator may
also be reduced. Thus, the refrigeration effect per unit mass flow
may be increased (relative to the non-ejector system). The
distribution of fluid entering the evaporator is improved (thereby
improving evaporator performance). Because the evaporator does not
directly feed the compressor, the evaporator is not required to
produce superheated refrigerant outflow. The use of an ejector
cycle may thus allow reduction or elimination of the superheated
zone of the evaporator. This may allow the evaporator to operate in
a two-phase state which provides a higher heat transfer performance
(e.g., facilitating reduction in the evaporator size for a given
capability).
[0007] The exemplary ejector may be a fixed geometry ejector or may
be a controllable ejector. FIG. 2 shows controllability provided by
a needle valve 130 having a needle 132 and an actuator 134. The
actuator 134 shifts a tip portion 136 of the needle into and out of
the throat section 106 of the motive nozzle 100 to modulate flow
through the motive nozzle and, in turn, the ejector overall.
Exemplary actuators 134 are electric (e.g., solenoid or the like).
The actuator 134 may be coupled to and controlled by a controller
140 which may receive user inputs from an input device 142 (e.g.,
switches, keyboard, or the like) and sensors (not shown). The
controller 140 may be coupled to the actuator and other
controllable system components (e.g., valves, the compressor motor,
and the like) via control lines 144 (e.g., hardwired or wireless
communication paths). The controller may include one or more:
processors; memory (e.g., for storing program information for
execution by the processor to perform the operational methods and
for storing data used or generated by the program(s)); and hardware
interface devices (e.g., ports) for interfacing with input/output
devices and controllable system components.
SUMMARY
[0008] One aspect of the disclosure involves an ejector having: a
motive flow inlet; a secondary flow inlet; an outlet; a motive
nozzle; a diffuser; and a control needle shiftable between a first
position and a second position. The ejector comprises: an inlet
body bearing the motive flow inlet and the secondary flow inlet; a
diffuser body forming the diffuser and bearing the outlet; a motive
nozzle insert forming the motive nozzle in a compartment in the
inlet body; and a needle guide insert in the motive nozzle
insert.
[0009] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the needle guide insert is brazed to the motive nozzle
insert.
[0010] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the motive nozzle insert is brazed to the
compartment.
[0011] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the inlet body is a first piece and the diffuser body
is a second piece.
[0012] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the inlet body is metallic and the diffuser body is
metallic.
[0013] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the inlet body is threaded to the diffuser body.
[0014] Another aspect of the disclosure involves an ejector having:
a motive flow inlet; a secondary flow inlet; an outlet; a motive
nozzle; and a diffuser. The ejector comprises: an inlet body
bearing the motive flow inlet and the secondary flow inlet; a
diffuser body forming the diffuser and bearing the outlet; and a
motive nozzle insert forming the motive nozzle in a compartment in
the inlet body, said compartment having a downstream-facing surface
abutting an upstream facing surface of the motive nozzle
insert.
[0015] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the ejector further comprises: a control needle
shiftable between a first position and a second position; and a
needle guide insert in the motive nozzle insert.
[0016] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the needle guide insert is brazed to the motive nozzle
insert.
[0017] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the motive nozzle insert is brazed to the
compartment.
[0018] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the inlet body is a first piece and the diffuser body
is a second piece.
[0019] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the inlet body is metallic and the diffuser body is
metallic.
[0020] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the inlet body is threaded to the diffuser body.
[0021] Another aspect of the disclosure involves a method for
manufacturing an ejector, the ejector having: a motive flow inlet;
a secondary flow inlet; an outlet; a motive nozzle; a diffuser; an
inlet body bearing the motive flow inlet and the secondary flow
inlet; a diffuser body forming the diffuser and bearing the outlet;
and a motive nozzle insert forming the motive nozzle in a
compartment in the inlet body. The method comprises inserting the
motive nozzle insert into the compartment from an opening in a
downstream end of the inlet body and mating the diffuser body to
the downstream end of the inlet body.
[0022] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the ejector further comprises: a control needle
shiftable between a first position and a second position; and a
needle guide insert in the motive nozzle insert; and the method
further comprises inserting the needle guide insert into the motive
nozzle insert
[0023] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the method further comprises brazing the needle guide
insert to the motive nozzle insert.
[0024] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the mating the diffuser body to the downstream end of
the inlet body comprises threading.
[0025] In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing
embodiments, the method further comprises: brazing the motive
nozzle insert to the inlet body.
[0026] The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the
accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,
objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and
drawings, and from the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art ejector
refrigeration system.
[0028] FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view of a prior art
ejector.
[0029] FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view of an ejector.
[0030] FIG. 4 is a partial exploded axial sectional view of the
ejector of FIG. 3.
[0031] FIG. 5 is an end view of a needle guide of the ejector of
FIG. 3.
[0032] FIG. 6 is an axial sectional view of an alternate inlet body
for the ejector of FIG. 3.
[0033] Like reference numbers and designations in the various
drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] FIG. 3 shows an ejector 200 comprising a body assembly, 202,
including a motive nozzle insert 204 within main portions of the
body. General features of an ejector shared with the ejector 38
above are referenced with the same reference numerals.
[0035] The exemplary body assembly 202 includes a proximal or
upstream portion 210 and a distal or downstream portion 212. As is
discussed further below, the exemplary portion 210 defines an inlet
body bearing the motive flow inlet 40 and the secondary flow inlet
42. The exemplary portion 202 forms a diffuser body forming the
diffuser and the outlet 44. As is discussed further below, the
exemplary diffuser body 212 also forms at least a portion of the
mixer convergent section 114 and the mixing section 116.
[0036] The exemplary inlet body 210 also includes a mounting
feature 220 for mounting the needle actuator 134. The exemplary
mounting feature 220 is an internally threaded bore.
[0037] FIG. 4 shows the inlet body 210 as having a first end 230, a
second end 232, and a lateral perimeter 234 between the ends. In
the exemplary implementation, the ports 40 and 42 are in the
lateral perimeter 234. A compartment 240 extends inward from the
second end 232 and is in communication with the ports 40 and 42.
The exemplary compartment is stepped, having a relatively wide or
broad downstream portion 242 at the end 232 tapering/narrowing
inward/upstream with an angled shoulder 244 leading to narrow
portion having sequential sections 246, 248, and 250 leading to the
bore 220.
[0038] As is discussed further below, the motive nozzle insert 204
is at least partially accommodated in and mounted to the
compartment 240. The motive nozzle insert 204 extends from a first
or upstream end 252 to a downstream end 254 providing the outlet
110. A cylindrical base or mounting portion 256 extends downstream
from the end 252 and is dimensioned to be received in the
compartment section 246. In the exemplary implementation, the end
252 may abut a shoulder 258 separating the compartment sections 248
and 250. The insert 204 may be secured (e.g., press-fit or brazed
in place. Downstream of the mounting portion 256, the exemplary
nozzle has a short straight portion 260 extending to a tapering
portion 264 externally tapering to the downstream end 254 and
forming the convergent and divergent portions of the motive
nozzle.
[0039] An interior surface of the nozzle insert 204 within the
portions 256 and 260 is essentially cylindrical and accommodates a
needle guide 270. The exemplary needle guide 270 (FIG. 5) is formed
as an apertured disk extending between first and second ends/faces
272 and 274 (FIG. 4) and having a cylindrical perimeter 276. For
passing and guiding the needle, the exemplary guide 270 has a
central bore 278. For passing motive flow, the exemplary guide has
a plurality of off-center bores 280. The guide 270 may be secured
(e.g., press-fit or brazed) into the motive nozzle. Such
press-fitting or brazing may be performed prior to installation of
the motive nozzle into the inlet body. The exemplary diffuser body
212 extends from an upstream end 300 to a downstream end 302. At
the upstream end, a shoulder 304 separates a boss 306 from a main
lateral surface 308. The exemplary boss 306 is dimensioned to be
received in the portion 242 of the compartment 240 and secured
thereto. Exemplary securing is via threaded interaction of an
internal thread 320 along the compartment portion 242 and an
external thread 322 along the boss. To seal this threaded
engagement, one or both of the shoulder 304 and downstream end 232
may bear grooves 324 for retaining O-ring seals 326 (FIG. 3).
Alternative implementations involve welded, brazed, or press-fit
interactions of the inlet body 210 and the diffuser body 212.
[0040] FIG. 6 shows an alternate inlet body 400 wherein the
actuator mounting feature 402 is an externally threaded boss
contrasted with the internally threaded feature 220 of FIG. 4.
[0041] In the exemplary mechanical assembly of the actuator body,
the needle and actuator may be installed as a unit. Such
installation may occur after mechanical assembly of the ejector to
associated conduits of the vapor compression system.
[0042] Exemplary materials for the inlet body 210 and outlet body
212, insert 204, and guide 270, are metals or alloys (e.g.,
stainless steels, brass, aluminum and its alloys, and/or titanium
and its alloys).
[0043] The use of "first", "second", and the like in the
description and following claims is for differentiation within the
claim only and does not necessarily indicate relative or absolute
importance or temporal order. Similarly, the identification in a
claim of one element as "first" (or the like) does not preclude
such "first" element from identifying an element that is referred
to as "second" (or the like) in another claim or in the
description.
[0044] Where a measure is given in English units followed by a
parenthetical containing SI or other units, the parenthetical's
units are a conversion and should not imply a degree of precision
not found in the English units.
[0045] One or more embodiments have been described. Nevertheless,
it will be understood that various modifications may be made. For
example, when applied to an existing basic system, details of such
configuration or its associated use may influence details of
particular implementations. Accordingly, other embodiments are
within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *