U.S. patent application number 15/140826 was filed with the patent office on 2016-11-10 for heat exchanger, chemical heat pump, and production method for producing heat exchanger.
This patent application is currently assigned to Ricoh Company, Ltd.. The applicant listed for this patent is Yasutomo AMAN, Masahiro MASUZAWA, Yoshifumi OHBA, Hiroko OHKURA, Yohei SHIREN, Tomiko TAKAHASHI, Kohji TSUKAHARA. Invention is credited to Yasutomo AMAN, Masahiro MASUZAWA, Yoshifumi OHBA, Hiroko OHKURA, Yohei SHIREN, Tomiko TAKAHASHI, Kohji TSUKAHARA.
Application Number | 20160327315 15/140826 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57222478 |
Filed Date | 2016-11-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160327315 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
MASUZAWA; Masahiro ; et
al. |
November 10, 2016 |
HEAT EXCHANGER, CHEMICAL HEAT PUMP, AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR
PRODUCING HEAT EXCHANGER
Abstract
A heat exchanger includes a plurality of plate fins including a
plurality of flow channels in which a heat medium flows; a
plurality of corrugated fins, the plurality of plate fins and the
plurality of corrugated fins being arranged alternately; and a
reaction portion solidified by crystallization of reaction material
slurry filling gaps between the plurality of plate fins and the
plurality of the corrugated fins, the reaction material slurry
including a reaction material that reversibly reacts with a
reaction medium in an exothermic manner and in an endothermic
manner to exchange heat with the heat medium.
Inventors: |
MASUZAWA; Masahiro;
(Kanagawa, JP) ; AMAN; Yasutomo; (Kanagawa,
JP) ; SHIREN; Yohei; (Tokyo, JP) ; OHKURA;
Hiroko; (Kanagawa, JP) ; TAKAHASHI; Tomiko;
(Kanagawa, JP) ; OHBA; Yoshifumi; (Kanagawa,
JP) ; TSUKAHARA; Kohji; (Kanagawa, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MASUZAWA; Masahiro
AMAN; Yasutomo
SHIREN; Yohei
OHKURA; Hiroko
TAKAHASHI; Tomiko
OHBA; Yoshifumi
TSUKAHARA; Kohji |
Kanagawa
Kanagawa
Tokyo
Kanagawa
Kanagawa
Kanagawa
Kanagawa |
|
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Ricoh Company, Ltd.
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
57222478 |
Appl. No.: |
15/140826 |
Filed: |
April 28, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 35/04 20130101;
F28F 1/126 20130101; Y02E 60/14 20130101; F28D 9/0043 20130101;
F28D 20/003 20130101; F28F 13/003 20130101; Y02E 60/142 20130101;
F28D 1/05366 20130101; F25B 17/08 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25B 30/04 20060101
F25B030/04; F25B 17/08 20060101 F25B017/08; F28F 3/04 20060101
F28F003/04; F28D 9/00 20060101 F28D009/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 8, 2015 |
JP |
2015-095420 |
Oct 30, 2015 |
JP |
2015-215159 |
Claims
1. A heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of plate fins including
a plurality of flow channels in which a heat medium flows; a
plurality of corrugated fins, the plurality of plate fins and the
plurality of corrugated fins being arranged alternately; and a
reaction portion solidified by crystallization of reaction material
slurry filling gaps between the plurality of plate fins and the
plurality of the corrugated fins, the reaction material slurry
including a reaction material that reversibly reacts with a
reaction medium in an exothermic manner and in an endothermic
manner to exchange heat with the heat medium.
2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the reaction
material is hemihydrate gypsum or III type anhydrous gypsum.
3. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the reaction
material slurry includes a setting retarder.
4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein the reaction
portion includes a plurality of holes.
5. A chemical heat pump comprising: a reactor including the heat
exchanger according to claim 1; a reaction medium supplying unit
configured to supply the reaction medium to the reactor; and a
reaction medium recovery unit configured to recover the reaction
medium from the reactor.
6. A production method for producing a heat exchanger in which a
plurality of plate fins including a plurality of flow channels
where a heat medium flows and a plurality of corrugated fins are
arranged alternately, the production method comprising; a slurry
making step of making reaction material slurry including a reaction
material that reversibly reacts with a reaction medium in an
exothermic manner and in an endothermic manner to exchange heat
with the heat medium; a filling step of filling gaps between the
plurality of plate fins and the plurality of corrugated fins with
the reaction material slurry; and a reaction portion forming step
of forming a reaction portion by solidifying the reaction material
slurry filling the gaps between the plurality of plate fins and the
plurality of corrugated fins.
7. The production method for producing the heat exchanger according
to claim 6, wherein the reaction material slurry is made in the
slurry making step by adding the reaction material to mixed liquid
of a setting retarder and water and mixing the reaction material
and the mixed liquid. 15
8. The production method for producing the heat exchanger according
to claim 6, wherein the reaction material slurry is made in the
slurry making step by adding water to a compound of the reaction
material and a setting retarder and mixing the water and the
compound.
9. The production method for producing the heat exchanger according
to claim 6, wherein the reaction portion forming step includes a
drying step of drying the reaction portion, and a burning step of
burning the reaction portion.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The disclosures herein generally relate to a heat exchanger,
a chemical heat pump and a production method for producing a heat
exchanger.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] In recent years, from the standpoint of energy conservation,
heat recovery systems such as chemical heat pumps that effectively
employ excessive exhaust heat are attracting attention.
[0005] Chemical heat pumps are systems that conduct supplying of
heat and accumulation (storage) of heat using an exothermic
phenomenon and an endothermic phenomenon accompanying a reversible
chemical reaction occurring between a reaction medium and a heat
accumulation material (hereinafter referred to as "reaction
material"). Typically, the chemical heat pump includes a heat
exchanger that exchanges heat with a heat medium. The heat
exchanger houses a reaction material that reacts with a reaction
medium in an exothermic manner and in an endothermic manner.
[0006] In order to improve usage efficiency of the exothermic
reaction and the endothermic reaction in the heat exchanger,
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H11-108499
discloses a configuration in which a plurality of plate fins and a
plurality of corrugated fins are layered and granulated adsorbent
materials fill space portions formed between the plate fins and the
corrugated fins. Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. H10-103811 discloses a configuration in which an
adsorbing portion, in which a plurality of adsorbing materials are
integrated with a binder, is formed between heat transmission tubes
and corrugated fins.
[0007] However, in the configuration disclosed in Japanese
Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H11-108499, contact
areas of the granulated adsorbent materials with the plate fins and
the corrugated fins are small. Thus, there is a likelihood that
reaction heat generated in the adsorbent materials is not
effectively exchanged with the heat medium via the plate fins and
the corrugated fins. Further, in the configuration disclosed in
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H10-103811,
there is a likelihood that the binder, used for integrating the
adsorbing materials, inhibits the exothermic reaction and the
endothermic reaction and an amount of reaction heat is
decreased.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] It is a general object of at least one embodiment of the
present invention to provide a heat exchanger, a chemical heat pump
and a production method for producing a heat exchanger that
substantially obviate one or more problems caused by the
limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
[0009] An embodiment provides a heat exchanger including a
plurality of plate fins including a plurality of flow channels in
which a heat medium flows; a plurality of corrugated fins, the
plurality of plate fins and the plurality of corrugated fins being
arranged alternately; and a reaction portion solidified by
crystallization of reaction material slurry filling gaps between
the plurality of plate fins and the plurality of the corrugated
fins, the reaction material slurry including a reaction material
that reversibly reacts with a reaction medium in an exothermic
manner and in an endothermic manner to exchange heat with the heat
medium.
[0010] An embodiment also provides a production method for
producing a heat exchanger in which a plurality of plate fins
including a plurality of flow channels where a heat medium flows
and a plurality of corrugated fins are arranged alternately. The
production method includes a slurry making step of making reaction
material slurry including a reaction material that reversibly
reacts with a reaction medium in an exothermic manner and in an
endothermic manner to exchange heat with the heat medium; a filling
step of filling gaps between the plurality of plate fins and the
plurality of corrugated fins with the reaction material slurry; and
a reaction portion forming step of forming a reaction portion by
solidifying the reaction material slurry filling the gaps between
the plurality of plate fins and the plurality of corrugated
fins.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating an example of an
overall configuration of a chemical heat pump according to an
embodiment;
[0012] FIG. 2 is a drawing that depicts heat accumulation operation
of the chemical heat pump;
[0013] FIG. 3 is a drawing that depicts heat radiation operation of
the chemical heat pump;
[0014] FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating an example of a
configuration of a heat exchanger according to the embodiment;
[0015] FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating another configuration
example of the heat exchanger according to the embodiment;
[0016] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a
production method for producing the heat exchanger according to the
embodiment;
[0017] FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating heat radiation
characteristics in a practical example 1;
[0018] FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating heat radiation
characteristics in a practical example 2;
[0019] FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating heat radiation
characteristics in a practical example 3;
[0020] FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating heat radiation
characteristics in a practical example 4;
[0021] FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating heat radiation
characteristics in a practical example 5;
[0022] FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating heat radiation
characteristics in a practical example 6;
[0023] FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating heat accumulation
characteristics in a practical example 7 and a practical example 8;
and
[0024] FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating heat radiation
characteristics in the practical example 7 and the practical
example 8.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0025] In the following, an embodiment of the present invention
will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0026] <Configuration and Operation of Chemical Heat Pump
10>
[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating an example of an
overall configuration of a chemical heat pump 10 according to an
embodiment.
[0028] As shown in FIG. 1, the chemical heat pump 10 includes a
reactor 100, a condenser 200, and an evaporator 300.
[0029] The reactor 100 includes a heat exchanger 110 within a body
of the reactor 100. The heat exchanger 110 houses a reaction
material that reversibly reacts with a reaction medium in an
exothermic manner and in an endothermic manner. A heat medium is
introduced (provided) to the heat exchanger 110 from a heat medium
introduction port 111. The heat medium introduced into the heat
exchanger 110 is discharged from a heat medium discharging port 112
through flow channels of the inside of the heat exchanger 110. For
example, the heat medium may be oil such as silicone oil.
[0030] The heat exchanger 110 houses the reaction material that
reacts with the reaction medium in an exothermic manner and in an
endothermic manner, to emit (transfer) heat to the heat medium by
the reaction material reacting with the reaction medium in the
exothermic manner, and to accumulate (store) heat of the heat
medium by the reaction material reacting with the reaction medium
in the endothermic manner.
[0031] Materials being able to reversibly react with the reaction
medium in the exothermic manner and in the endothermic manner such
as calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and calcium sulfate
(CaSO.sub.4) can be used as the reaction material housed in the
heat exchanger 110. In the embodiment, gypsum (calcium sulfate
(CaSO.sub.4)) is used as the reaction material. In a case in which
the reaction material is gypsum, an endothermic reaction and an
exothermic reaction expressed by the following formula (1) occur
using water (H.sub.2O) as the reaction medium.
CaSO.sub.4+0.5H.sub.20(gas)CaSO.sub.4.0.5H.sub.20+32.89 kJ/mol
(1)
[0032] When a reaction to a right direction in the formula (1)
occurs, the reaction material radiates (transfers) heat to the heat
medium in the heat exchanger 110, and the heat medium, whose
temperature is raised, is discharged from the heat exchanger 110.
Further, when a reaction to a left direction in the formula (1)
occurs, the reaction material accumulates heat transferred from the
heat medium in the heat exchanger 110, and the heat medium, whose
temperature is lowered, is discharged from the heat exchanger
110.
[0033] The condenser 200 is an example of a reaction medium
recovery unit, and includes a low temperature heat source 210
inside thereof. The condenser 200 is connected to the reactor 100
via a first connection pipe 11 and a first valve 21. The condenser
200 recovers water vapor from the reactor 100 generated by the
endothermic reaction when accumulating heat.
[0034] When the operation for accumulating heat in the chemical
heat pump 10 is performed, the endothermic reaction to the left
direction in the formula (1) proceeds, and water vapor is generated
from a hydrate of the reaction material. When such the operation
for accumulating heat is performed, as shown in FIG. 2, the first
valve 21 is opened and the condenser 200 recovers water vapor from
the reactor 100 through the first connection pipe 11. The water
vapor recovered by the condenser 200 is cooled and liquefied by the
low temperature heat source 210.
[0035] The low temperature heat source 210 includes, for example, a
pipe, in which low temperature fluid such as water flows, and a
plurality of fins arranged around the pipe. The low temperature
heat source 210 cools and liquefies water vapor recovered from the
reactor 100.
[0036] Further, the condenser 200 is connected to the evaporator
300 via a third connection pipe 13 and a third valve 23. By opening
the third valve 23 as appropriate, liquefied water is supplied to
the evaporator 300 through the third connection pipe 13.
[0037] The evaporator 300 is an example of a reaction medium
supplying unit, and includes a high temperature heat source 310
inside thereof. The evaporator 300 is connected to the reactor 100
via a second connection pipe 12 and a second valve 22. The
evaporator 300 supplies water vapor that is the reaction medium to
the reactor 100.
[0038] In the evaporator 300, water retained inside is heated by
the high temperature heat source 310, and becomes water vapor. When
the operation for radiating heat in the chemical heat pump 10 is
performed, as shown in FIG. 3, the second valve 22 is opened and
water vapor generated in the evaporator 300 is supplied to the
reactor 100 through the second connection pipe 12. When the water
vapor is supplied to the inside of the reactor 100, the exothermic
reaction to the right direction in the formula (1) proceeds, and
the reaction material radiates (transfers) heat to the heat
medium.
[0039] The high temperature heat source 310 includes, for example,
a pipe in which high temperature fluid such as water flows and a
plurality of fins arranged around the pipe. The high temperature
heat source 310 heats water retained in the evaporator 300 to
generate water vapor.
[0040] The chemical heat pump 10, which has the above described
configuration, operates such that the reaction material, housed in
the heat exchanger 110, reacts with the reaction medium in the
endothermic manner to accumulate heat of the heat medium, and the
reaction material reacts with the reaction medium in the exothermic
manner to radiate heat to the heat medium.
[0041] It should be noted that the reactor 100 may include a
plurality of the heat exchangers 110. Further, the condenser 200
and the evaporator 300 are not limited to the above described
configurations as long as the reaction medium can be supplied and
recovered between the reactor 100, and the condenser 200 and the
evaporator 300.
[0042] <Configuration of Heat Exchanger 110>
[0043] FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating an example of a
configuration of the heat exchanger 110 according to the
embodiment.
[0044] As shown in FIG. 4, the heat exchanger 110 includes the heat
medium introduction port 111, the heat medium discharging port 112,
and an introduction tank 113, a discharging tank 114, a plurality
of plate fins 115, a plurality of corrugated fins 116, and a
reaction portion 117.
[0045] In the heat exchanger 110, the introduction tank 113 and the
discharging tank 114 are disposed opposite with each other. The
plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116 are layered (arranged)
alternately between the introduction tank 113 and the discharging
tank 114. The reaction portion 117 is formed on gaps between the
plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116. For example, the
introduction tank 113, the discharging tank 114, the plate fins 115
and the corrugated fins 116 may be formed of a metallic material
such as an aluminum alloy.
[0046] The introduction tank 113 and the discharging tank 114 have
hollow box shapes, respectively. Each of the plate fins 115
includes a flow channel for the heat medium inside thereof. One end
of each of the flow channels of the plate fins 115 is in
communication with an inside space of the introduction tank 113 and
the other end of each of the flow channels of the plate fins 115 is
in communication with an inside space of the discharging tank 114.
The heat medium introduced from the heat medium introduction port
111 to the introduction tank 113 flows through the flow channels of
the plate fins 115, and is discharged from the heat medium
discharging port 112 provided on the discharging tank 114.
[0047] Each of the corrugated fins 116 having a continuous wavy
shape, in which a plate shaped member is bent, is disposed between
the plate fins 115. Each of the corrugated fins 116 contacts both
two plate fins 115 (the plate fin 115, which is provided on the
upper side of the corrugated fins 116, and the plate fin 115, which
is provided on the lower side of the corrugated fins 116) that
sandwich the corrugated fin 116 in a vertical direction shown in
FIG. 4 such that heat generated in the reaction portion 117 is
transferred to the heat medium that flows in the flow channels of
the plate fins 115.
[0048] The reaction portion 117 is formed by solidification of
reaction material slurry, which includes the reaction material that
reversibly reacts with the reaction medium in an exothermic manner
and in an endothermic manner to exchange heat with the heat medium
flowing in the plate fins 115, filling the gaps between the plate
fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116.
[0049] As described above, the reaction portion 117 is integrally
formed with the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116 by the
solidification of the reaction material slurry that fills in the
gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116. In
this way, by forming the reaction portion 117, the plate fins 115,
and the corrugated fins 116 integrally, heat generated by the
exothermic reaction and the endothermic reaction between the
reaction material and the reaction medium in the reaction portion
117 is easily transferred to the heat medium that flows in the
plate fins 115. Thus, usage efficiency of the exothermic reaction
and the endothermic reaction by the reaction material in the heat
exchanger 110 can be improved.
[0050] Here, it is preferable to use gypsum (calcium sulfate
(CaSO.sub.4)), which can be the (slurried) reaction material slurry
by being mixed with water, can fill the gaps between the plate fins
115 and the corrugated fins 116 and can be solidified, as the
reaction material used for the reaction portion 117.
[0051] Gypsum is classified into anhydrous gypsum (CaSO.sub.4),
hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO.sub.4.0.5H.sub.2O), and gypsum dihydrate
(CaSO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O). Further, anhydrous gypsum is classified
into type I, type II, and type III depending on difference of a
crystal system. In a case in which gypsum is used as the reaction
material, the exothermic reaction to the right direction in the
formula (1) occurs when type III anhydrous gypsum is hydrated and a
phase transition to hemihydrate gypsum occurs, and the endothermic
reaction to the left direction in the formula (1) occurs when
hemihydrate gypsum is dehydrated and a phase transition to type III
anhydrous gypsum occurs.
[0052] Hemihydrate gypsum has coagulable and hardenable
characteristics by a hydration reaction. Specifically, when
hemihydrate gypsum takes water into the crystals and a phase
transition to gypsum dihydrate occurs, gypsum slurry (reaction
material slurry) in which powder of hemihydrate gypsum and water
are combined is coagulated and solidified. Gypsum dihydrate becomes
type III anhydrous gypsum, for example, by burning it at about 150
degrees Celsius in a state in which the gypsum slurry is
solidified.
[0053] Here, because the phase transition from hemihydrate gypsum
to gypsum dihydrate occurs in the gypsum slurry, in which
hemihydrate gypsum and water are combined, in a short time and the
gypsum slurry becomes coagulated and hardened, there is a
likelihood that the gypsum slurry is solidified in the middle of
filling the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins
116. In order to make it easy to fill the gaps with the gypsum
slurry, which is to be coagulated in a short time, it can be
considered to enlarge the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the
corrugated fins 116. However, it is not preferable to enlarge the
gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116 because
the smaller the gaps are, the higher heat exchanging efficiency
between the reaction portion 117 and the heat medium is.
[0054] Thus, in order to delay the coagulation and the hardening of
the gypsum slurry, a setting retarder may be added to the gypsum
slurry. Using the setting retarder, a speed of taking water into
the crystals of hemihydrate gypsum is decreased and a time required
for coagulating and solidifying is prolonged. Thus, it becomes easy
to fill the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins
116 with the gypsum slurry.
[0055] For example, organic matter such funori glue
(Endocladiaceae), Chondrus, gum Arabic, gelatin and starch,
inorganic salt such as boracic acid and sodium phosphate, and
organic acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid, and succinic acid
and its alkali salt can be used as the setting retarder.
[0056] Further, a plurality of holes may be provided on the
reaction portion 117. FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating an example
of the heat exchanger 110 in which holes 118 are formed on the
reaction portion 117.
[0057] The holes 118 shown in FIG. 5 are elongated through holes
extending in an opposing direction of the introduction tank 113 and
the discharging tank 114. For example, the hole 118 can be formed,
in a state in which a plate shaped member is inserted into a cut
portion formed on the corrugated fin 116, by extracting the plate
shaped member after the reaction material slurry has filled the
gaps between the plate fin 115 and the corrugated fin 116 and
solidified.
[0058] By providing the plurality of holes 118 on the reaction
portion 117, a surface area of the reaction portion 117 can be
increased, usage efficiency of the reaction material included in
the reaction portion 117 can be improved, and the reaction proceeds
in a short time. Accordingly, heat accumulation and heat radiation
in the heat exchanger 110 can be performed in a short time.
[0059] In the heat exchanger 110, which has the above described
configuration, the heat exchange between the heat medium which
flows in the plate fins 115 and the reaction portion 117 is
performed by the reaction material, included in the reaction
portion 117, reacting with the reaction medium in the exothermic
manner and in the endothermic manner.
[0060] It should be noted a material other than gypsum may be used
as the reaction material if the material can fill the gaps between
the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116 and be
solidified.
[0061] Further, the number of holes 118 formed on the reaction
portion 117, the shape and the production method of the holes 118
are not limited to the above descriptions.
[0062] <Production Method of the Heat Exchanger 110>
[0063] Next, a production method for producing the heat exchanger
110 will be described. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an
example of the production method for producing the heat exchanger
110 according to the embodiment.
[0064] As shown in FIG. 6, in step S101, the reaction material
slurry is made first. In the embodiment, as the reaction material
slurry, hemihydrate gypsum, the setting retarder and water are
kneaded (mixed) to make the gypsum slurry. Both type .alpha. and
type .beta. may be used as hemihydrate gypsum. For example,
powdered, granular, or aggregated hemihydrate gypsum and the
setting retarder may be used.
[0065] Quantities of water and the setting retarder combined with
hemihydrate gypsum are set as appropriate in accordance with
manageability when filling the gaps between the plate fins 115 and
the corrugated fins 116 with the gypsum slurry, a time required for
filling, and density and strength after being hardened.
[0066] For example, in a case in which a hydrosoluble setting
retarder is used, the gypsum slurry is made by adding hemihydrate
gypsum to setting retarder aqueous solution that is mixed liquid of
the setting retarder and water, and kneading (mixing) the gypsum
slurry and the mixed liquid. Further, in a case in which an
insoluble setting retarder is used, the gypsum slurry is made by
adding a compound of hemihydrate gypsum and the setting retarder to
water, and kneading (mixing) the compound and the water. It should
be noted that mixing temperature, a mixing time and the like are
not limited specifically, as long as hemihydrate gypsum, the
setting retarder and water can be mixed sufficiently.
[0067] Subsequently, in step S102, the reaction material slurry
made in step S101 is poured into the gaps between the plate fins
115 and the corrugated fins 116 to fill the gaps. In order to
improve usage efficiency of the reaction material, it is preferable
to fill the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins
116 with the reaction material slurry tightly (with no gap).
[0068] In step S103, after filing the gaps between the plate fins
115 and the corrugated fins 116 with the reaction material slurry,
the reaction material slurry is left. Then, the reaction material
slurry is crystalized to be solidified to form the reaction portion
117. In other words, the reaction portion 117 is solidified by
crystallization of the reaction material slurry. In the embodiment,
when hemihydrate gypsum takes water into the crystals and the phase
transition to gypsum dihydrate occurs, the gypsum slurry is
corrugated and solidified, and the reaction portion 117 is
formed.
[0069] In step S104, the reaction portion 117 was dried, for
example, under a room temperature environment. In the embodiment,
for example, gypsum dihydrate in which water remains between
crystals in the reaction portion 117 was dried.
[0070] In step S105, the reaction portion 117 is burned, for
example, at a temperature from 100 to 200 degrees Celsius, and at
an atmospheric pressure or a reduced pressure. In the embodiment,
gypsum dihydrate becomes III type anhydrous gypsum in the reaction
portion 117.
[0071] In the heat exchanger 110, the reaction portion 117 is
formed by the above described method.
[0072] It should be noted that the production method for producing
the heat exchanger 110 is not limited to the above described
method. For example, another step may be added as appropriate, and
the fixed order may be changed.
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
[0073] Next, reaction material blocks were made under conditions of
following practical examples 1 to 6, and heat radiation
(dissipation) characteristics and the like of the respective
reaction material blocks were evaluated.
Practical Example 1
[0074] Gypsum slurry was obtained by adding 4000.0 parts by weight
of distilled water to 10,000 parts by weight of type .alpha.
hemihydrate gypsum (YG-KM, from Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.) and
mixing (kneading) them for about one minute.
[0075] A Gypsum block as a reaction material block was formed by
pouring the gypsum slurry into a mold having a predetermined size
(25 mm.times.25 mm.times.5 mm), leaving it for about 10 minutes,
and solidifying it. Anhydrous gypsum was obtained by taking out the
solidified gypsum block from the mold and drying it at 150 degrees
Celsius for 5 hours. An effective density of the gypsum block after
being dried was 1.30 g/cm.sup.3.
[0076] The dried state gypsum block made as described above was
arranged in the reactor 100 of the chemical heat pump 10, and water
vapwas supplied into the reactor 100 from the evaporator 300. When
the water vapor was supplied into the reactor 100, the exothermic
reaction to the right direction in the formula (1) proceeded, and
the gypsum block radiated heat. Heat radiation characteristics in
the practical example 1 were obtained by measuring temperature of
the gypsum block for 10 minutes from starting heat radiation. FIG.
7 shows the heat radiation characteristics in the practical example
1.
Practical Example 2
[0077] An aqueous solution of citric acid was made by adding 66.4
parts by weight of citric acid as the setting retarder to 4023.8
parts by weight of distilled water. Gypsum slurry was obtained by
adding 10,000 parts by weight of type a hemihydrate gypsum (YG-KM,
from Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.) to the made aqueous solution of
citric acid, and mixing (kneading) them for about one minute.
[0078] A Gypsum block was formed by pouring the gypsum slurry into
a mold (25 mm.times.25 mm.times.5 mm), leaving it for about 3
hours, and solidifying it. Anhydrous gypsum was obtained by taking
out the solidified gypsum block from the mold and drying it at 150
degrees Celsius for 5 hours. An effective density of the gypsum
block after being dried was 1.31 g/cm.sup.3.
[0079] Under a condition similar to the condition of the practical
example 1, heat radiation characteristics in the practical example
2 were obtained by using the gypsum block made as described above.
FIG. 8 shows the heat radiation characteristics in the practical
example 2.
Practical Example 3
[0080] An aqueous solution of magnesium acetate was made by adding
77.0 parts by weight of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate as the
setting retarder to 4026.8 parts by weight of distilled water.
Gypsum slurry was obtained by adding 10,000 parts by weight of type
a hemihydrate gypsum (YG-KM, from Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.) to the
made aqueous solution of magnesium acetate, and mixing (kneading)
them for about one minute.
[0081] A gypsum block was formed by pouring the gypsum slurry into
a mold (25 mm.times.25 mm.times.5 mm), leaving it for about 10
minutes, and solidifying it. Anhydrous gypsum was obtained by
taking out the solidified gypsum block from the mold and drying it
at 150 degrees Celsius for 5 hours. An effective density of the
gypsum block after being dried was 1.35 g/cm.sup.3.
[0082] Under a condition similar to the condition of practical
example 1, heat radiation characteristics in the practical example
3 were obtained by using the gypsum block made as described above.
FIG. 9 shows the heat radiation characteristics in the practical
example 3.
Practical Example 4
[0083] An aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogen citrate was made
by adding 105.6 parts by weight of magnesium hydrogen citrate
pentahydrate as the setting retarder to 4022.0 parts by weight of
distilled water. Gypsum slurry was obtained by adding 10,000 parts
by weight of type a hemihydrate gypsum (YG-KM, from Yoshino Gypsum
Co., Ltd.) to the made aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogen
citrate, and mixing (kneading) them for about one minute.
[0084] A Gypsum block was formed by pouring the gypsum slurry into
a mold (25 mm.times.25 mm.times.5 mm), leaving it for about 5
hours, and solidifying it. Anhydrous gypsum was obtained by taking
out the solidified gypsum block from the mold and drying it at 150
degrees Celsius for 5 hours. An effective density of the gypsum
block after being dried was 1.45 g/cm.sup.3.
[0085] Under a condition similar to the condition of practical
example 1, heat radiation characteristics in the practical example
4 were obtained by using the gypsum block made as described above.
FIG. 10 shows the heat radiation characteristics in the practical
example 4.
Practical Example 5
[0086] An aqueous solution of trimagnesium dicitrate was made by
adding 53.2 parts by weight of trimagnesium dicitrate as the
setting retarder to 4001.2 parts by weight of distilled water.
Gypsum slurry was obtained by adding 10,000 parts by weight of type
.alpha. hemihydrate gypsum (YG-KM, from Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.)
to the made aqueous solution of trimagnesium dicitrate, and mixing
(kneading) them for about one minute.
[0087] A Gypsum block was formed by pouring the gypsum slurry into
a mold (25 mm.times.25 mm.times.5 mm), leaving it for about 5
hours, and solidifying it. Anhydrous gypsum was obtained by taking
out the solidified gypsum block from the mold and drying it at 150
degrees Celsius for 5 hours. An effective density of the gypsum
block after being dried was 1.45 g/cm.sup.2.
[0088] Under a condition similar to the condition of practical
example 1, heat radiation characteristics in the practical example
5 were obtained by using the gypsum block made as described above.
FIG. 11 shows the heat radiation characteristics in the practical
example 5.
Practical Example 6
[0089] Mixed powder was made by adding 199.9 parts by weight of
calcium citrate as the setting retarder to 10,000 parts by weight
of type a hemihydrate gypsum (YG-KM, from Yoshino Gypsum Co.,
Ltd.). Gypsum slurry was obtained by adding 4028.4 parts by weight
of distilled water to the made mixed powder, and mixing (kneading)
them.
[0090] A Gypsum block was formed by pouring the gypsum slurry into
a mold (25 mm.times.25 mm.times.5 mm), leaving it for about 3
hours, and solidifying it. Anhydrous gypsum was obtained by taking
out the solidified gypsum block from the mold and drying it at 150
degrees Celsius for 5 hours. An effective density of the gypsum
block after being dried was 1.40 g/cm.sup.3.
[0091] Under a condition similar to the condition of practical
example 1, heat radiation characteristics in the practical example
6 were obtained by using the gypsum block made as described above.
FIG. 12 shows the heat radiation characteristics in the practical
example 6.
[0092] As described above, the gypsum block was formed without
using the setting retarder in the practical example 1, and the
gypsum blocks were formed using the setting retarders in the
practical examples 2 to 5. In the practical example 1 in which the
setting retarder was not used, the gypsum slurry was solidified in
a short time (about 10 minutes). On the other hand, in the
practical examples 2 to 5 in which the setting retarders were used,
a time for solidifying the gypsum slurry was prolonged to about 2
through 5 hours.
[0093] In this way, by prolonging the time for solidifying the
gypsum slurry using the setting retarder, it becomes easy to fill
the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116 of
the heat exchanger 110 with the gypsum slurry. Further, it becomes
easy to fill the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated
fins 116 of the heat exchanger 110 with the gypsum slurry tightly
(with no gaps).
[0094] Further, the effective densities of the practical examples 2
to 6, in which the setting retarders were used, were greater than
the effective density of the practical example 1 in which the
setting retarder was not used. By making the effective density
greater, the heat radiation quantity and the heat accumulation
quantity can be improved even if the same size gypsum block is
used.
[0095] Further, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, peak temperatures of the
respective practical examples 1 to 6 were about 185 degrees
Celsius. The theoretical value of reaction equilibrium temperature
when water vapor pressure 90 kPa is applied to anhydrous gypsum is
about 186.7 degrees Celsius. In each of the practical examples 1 to
6, heat was generated almost theoretically.
[0096] In the radiation characteristics of the practical examples 1
to 6, the peak temperatures, required times to reach the peak
temperatures, temperature changes after reaching the peak
temperatures and the like had no major difference. As described
above, even when the setting retarder was used, decrease of the
radiation characteristics such as decrease of the peak temperature
did not occur.
Practical Example 7
[0097] A reaction portion 117 was formed by filling the gaps
between the layered (arranged) plate fins 115 and the corrugated
fins 116 with gypsum slurry, made by using magnesium acetate
tetrahydrate as the setting retarder similar to the practical
example 3, to solidify the gypsum slurry. Further, the gypsum
slurry was dried at 150 degrees Celsius for 5 hours, and a heat
exchanger 110 of the practical example 7 having a configuration
similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 4 was made.
[0098] In a heat exchanger 110 of the practical example 7, a
clearance between the introduction tank 113 and the discharging
tank 114 was 22 cm. The plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116
were layered alternately between the introduction tank 113 and the
discharging tank 114. Each of the plate fins 115 had a length of 22
cm, a width of 2 cm, and a thickness of 2 mm. Clearances between
the plate fins 115 were 8 mm. Each of the corrugated fins 116 had a
thickness of 0.1 mm. Clearances between the corrugated fins 116
were 1.6 mm. Weight of the reaction portion 117 formed on the heat
exchanger 110 of the practical example 7 was about 1033 g.
[0099] The heat exchanger 110 of the practical example 7, including
the above described configuration, was arranged in the reactor 100
of the chemical heat pump 10, and the following heat accumulation
operation and the heat radiation operation were performed. During
the heat accumulation operation, a heat medium at 150 degrees
Celsius was introduced into the heat exchanger 110 to proceed with
an endothermic reaction in the reaction portion 117. Heat of the
heat medium was accumulated to the reaction portion 117 by the
endothermic reaction, the heat medium, whose heat was absorbed and
whose temperature was lowered, was discharged from the heat
exchanger 110.
[0100] Water vapor generated by the endothermic reaction in the
reaction portion 117 was introduced to the condenser 200 through
the first connection pipe 11 by opening the first valve 21. By
setting a water vapor pressure of the condenser 200 as 1.5 kPa,
water vapor introduced to the condenser 200 is liquefied.
[0101] During the heat radiation operation, a water vapor pressure
of the evaporator 300 was set as kPa and the second valve 22 was
opened to introduce water vapor to the reactor 100 through the
second connection pipe 12. When the water vapor was supplied to the
reactor 100, the exothermic reaction proceeded in the reaction
portion 117, and the heat medium, heated and whose temperature was
raised by the reaction portion 117, was discharged from the heat
exchanger 110.
[0102] The above described heat radiation operation was performed
for 30 minutes after the above described heat accumulation
operation was performed for 30 minutes. Then, evaluation of a heat
quantity accumulated by the heat exchanger 110 of the practical
example 7 and a heat quantity radiated (dissipated) by the heat
exchanger 110 of the practical example 7 was performed based on a
time required for reaching 70 percent of the total heat quantity.
In the heat exchanger 110 of the practical example 7, a heat
accumulation time was about 1503 seconds and a heat accumulation
speed was about 92 W. Further, a heat radiation time was about 323
seconds and a heat radiation speed was about 426 W. The generated
total heat quantity was about 196.6 kJ, the theoretical heat
quantity calculated based on a supplied quantity of anhydrous
gypsum (quantity of anhydrous gypsum filling the gaps) was about
249.54 kJ, and usage efficiency of the reaction portion in the heat
exchanger 110 in the practical example 7 was about 79 percent.
[0103] It should be noted that the heat quantity emitted from the
heat exchanger 110 can be calculated by integrating output q,
calculated by the following formula (2), by time.
q=C.times.(T.sub.in-T.sub.out).times..rho..times.f/6O (2) [0104] q:
heat output [W] [0105] T.sub.in: introduction temperature of heat
medium [degrees Celsius] [0106] T.sub.out: discharging temperature
of heat medium [degrees Celsius]
[0107] C: specific heat of heat medium [J/(kgK)]
[0108] .rho.: density of heat medium [kg/m.sup.3]
[0109] f: volume flow of heat medium [m.sup.3/min]
[0110] For example, in a case in which the heat medium is silicone
oil, C=1600 J/(kgK) and .rho.=960 kg/m.sup.3
Practical Example 8
[0111] Using gypsum slurry, made by adding magnesium acetate
tetrahydrate as the setting retarder similar to the practical
example 3, a heat exchanger 110 of the practical example 8
including a plurality of holes 118 similar to the configuration
shown in FIG. 5 was made. The holes 118 were formed one by one
between two plate fins 115. An opening portion of each of the holes
118 has a predetermined size (200 mm.times.1 mm). The holes 118
penetrate the reaction portion 117. The configuration, including
the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116, other than the
holes 118 was similar to the configuration of the practical example
7. Weight of the reaction portion 117 formed on the heat exchanger
110 of the example 8 was about 900 g.
[0112] The heat exchanger 110 of the practical example 8, including
the above described configuration, was arranged in the reactor 100
of the chemical heat pump 10, and the heat accumulation operation
and the heat radiation operation were performed similar to the
practical example 7. Then, evaluation of a heat quantity
accumulated by the heat exchanger 110 of the practical example 8
and a heat quantity radiated by the heat exchanger 110 of the
practical example 8 was performed based on a time required for
reaching 70 percent of the total heat quantity. In the heat
exchanger 110 of the practical example 8, a heat accumulation time
was about 398 seconds and a heat accumulation speed was about 317
W. Further, a heat radiation time was about 211 seconds and a heat
radiation speed was about 598 W. The generated total heat quantity
was about 180.3 kJ, the theoretical heat quantity calculated based
on a supplied quantity of anhydrous gypsum (quantity of anhydrous
gypsum filling the gaps) was about 217.41 kJ, and usage efficiency
of the reaction material in the heat exchanger 110 in the practical
example 8 was about 83 percent.
Comparative Example 1
[0113] A heat exchanger 110 of a comparative example 1 was made by
filling the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins
116 with powder of type .beta. hemihydrate gypsum (Sakura gypsum A
class, from Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.) as a reaction material. The
configuration, including the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins
116, other than the reaction portion 117 was similar to the
configuration of the practical example 7. Weight of the hemihydrate
gypsum supplied in the heat exchanger 110 of the comparative
example 1 was about 610 g.
[0114] The heat exchanger 110 of the comparative example 1,
including the above described configuration, was arranged in the
reactor 100 of the chemical heat pump 10, and the heat accumulation
operation and the heat radiation operation were performed similar
to the practical example 7. Then, evaluation of a heat quantity
accumulated by the heat exchanger 110 of the comparative example 1
and a heat quantity radiated by the heat exchanger 110 of the
comparative example 1 was performed based on a time required for
reaching 70 percent of the total heat quantity. In the heat
exchanger 110 of the comparative example 1, a heat accumulation
time was about 1320 seconds and a heat accumulation speed was about
53 W. Further, a heat radiation time was about 264 seconds and a
heat radiation speed was about 266 W. The generated total heat
quantity was about 100.3 kJ, the theoretical heat quantity
calculated based on a supplied quantity of anhydrous gypsum was
about 146.35 kJ, and usage efficiency of the reaction material in
the heat exchanger 110 in the comparative example 1 was about 69
percent.
[0115] Because the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the
corrugated fins 116 in the heat exchangers 110 of the practical
example 7 and the practical example 8 were filled with the reaction
material in the reaction material slurry state, the heat exchangers
110 of the practical example 7 and the practical example 8 include
the reaction material in the reaction portion 117 more than the
reaction material supplied, in the powder state, in the heat
exchanger 110 of the comparative example 1.
[0116] Thus, although the reaction heat quantity in the comparative
example 1 was about 100 kJ, the reaction heat quantity in the
practical example 7 was about 195 kJ and the reaction heat quantity
in the practical example 8 was about 180 kJ. That is, the reaction
heat quantity in the practical example 7 and the reaction heat
quantity in the practical example 8 were considerably increased in
comparison with the reaction heat quantity in the comparative
example 1.
[0117] Further, in the heat exchangers 110 of the practical example
7 and the practical example 8, the reaction material was supplied,
in the reaction material slurry state, into the gaps between the
plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116, and the reaction
portion 117, the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116 were
integrally formed. According to the above described configuration,
in the heat exchangers 110 of the practical example 7 and the
practical example 8, heat exchanging efficiency between the
reaction material and the heat medium was improved in comparison
with the heat exchanger 110 of the comparative example 1 in which
the reaction material was supplied in the powder state.
[0118] Thus, the usage efficiency of the reaction material in the
practical example 7 was about 79 percent and the usage efficiency
of the reaction material in the practical example 8 was about 83
percent. That is, the usage efficiencies of the practical examples
7 and 8 were considerably improved in comparison with the usage
efficiency (about 69 percent) of the reaction material in the
comparative example 1.
[0119] Further, because the holes 118 were disposed on the heat
exchanger 110 in the practical example 8, the usage efficiency of
the reaction material in the practical example 8 was improved to
about 83 percent from the usage efficiency about 79 percent in the
practical example 7.
[0120] As described above, in the heat exchangers 110 of the
practical example 7 and the practical example 8, the reaction
material was supplied, in the reaction material slurry state, into
the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116.
Thus, the heat exchangers 110 of the practical example 7 and the
practical example 8 included the reaction material in the reaction
portion 117 more than the reaction material supplied, in the powder
state, in the heat exchanger 110 of the comparative example 1 and
the gaps between the plate fins 115 and the corrugated fins 116
were reduced. As a result, heat conductivities of the heat
exchanger 110 of the practical example 7 and the practical example
8 were improved. Thus, the heat accumulation speed (about 92 W) and
the heat radiation speed (about 426 W) in the practical example 7
and the heat accumulation speed (about 317 W) and the heat
radiation speed (about 598 W) in the practical example 8 were
greater than the heat accumulation speed (about 53 W) and the heat
radiation speed (about 226 W) of the comparative example 1.
[0121] Further, because the holes 118 were formed in the heat
exchanger 110 of the practical example 8, the surface areas of the
reaction portion 117 were increased. Thus, the reaction between the
reaction material and the reaction medium proceeded in a shorter
time in comparison with the heat exchanger 110 of the practical
example 7 in which the holes 118 were not formed. Thus, in
comparison with the heat accumulation speed (about 92 W) and the
heat radiation speed (about 426 W) in the heat exchanger 110 of the
practical example 7, the heat accumulation speed (about 317 W) and
the heat radiation speed (about 598 W) in the heat exchanger 110 of
the practical example 8 were greater.
[0122] FIG. 13 shows the heat accumulation characteristics of the
heat exchangers 110 in the practical example 7 and the practical
example 8.
[0123] Further, FIG. 14 shows the heat radiation characteristics of
the heat exchangers 110 in the practical example 7 and the
practical example 8.
[0124] The heat accumulation characteristics shown in FIG. 13 and
the heat radiation (dissipation) characteristics shown in FIG. 14
are expressed by change of .DELTA.T (.DELTA.T=Tout-Tin) with
respect to time. Tin is a temperature of the heat medium at the
heat medium introduction port 111 shown in FIG. 4. Tout is a
temperature of the heat medium at the heat medium discharging port
112. .DELTA.T is the difference between Tin and Tout. It should be
noted that silicone oil was used as the heat medium, and .DELTA.T
was monitored by pouring the silicone oil into the heat exchanger
110 at the rate of 2 L per minute (2 L/min).
[0125] As shown in FIG. 13, because the holes 118 were disposed,
the heat exchanger 110 in the practical example 8 could accumulate
heat in a shorter time than the heat exchanger 110 in the practical
example 7. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, because the holes 118 were
disposed, the heat exchanger 110 in the practical example 8 could
radiate heat in a shorter time than the heat exchanger 110 in the
practical example 7 though the difference was not so remarkable as
compared to the heat accumulation operation.
[0126] The following table 1 indicates the respective
characteristics of the practical example 7, the practical example 8
and the comparative example 1.
TABLE-US-00001 PRACTICAL PRACTICAL COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7 EXAMPLE 8
EXAMPLE 1 GYPSUM 1033 g 900 g 606 g QUANTITY HEAT 323 s 211 s 264 s
RADIATION TIME HEAT 426 W 598 W 266 W RADIATION SPEED HEAT 1503 s
398 s 1320 s ACCUMULATION TIME HEAT 92 W 317 W 53 W ACCUMULATION
SPEED TOTAL HEAT 196.6 kJ 180.3 kJ 100.3 kJ RADIATION QUANTITY
USAGE 79% 83% 69% EFFICIENCY
[0127] The heat radiation time and the heat accumulation time shown
in the table 1 are times required for reaching 70 percent of the
total heat quantity. Further, the heat radiation speed and the heat
accumulation speed are values calculated based on the above
described the heat radiation time and the heat accumulation
time.
[0128] As described above, according to the embodiment of the heat
exchanger 110, because the reaction portion 117, the plate fins
115, and the corrugated fins 116 are formed integrally, the usage
efficiency of the exothermic reaction and the endothermic reaction
by the reaction material can be improved. Further, according to the
chemical heat pump 10 including the heat exchanger 110, it becomes
possible to radiate and accumulate heat more effectively.
[0129] Although the heat exchanger 110, the chemical heat pump 10,
and the production method for producing the heat exchanger 110 are
described according to the embodiment, the present invention is not
limited to the embodiment and the practical examples, but various
variations and modifications may be made without departing from the
scope of the present invention.
[0130] The present application is based on and claims the benefit
of priority of Japanese Priority Application No. 2015-095420 filed
on May 8, 2015 and Japanese Priority Application No. 2015-215159
filed on Oct. 30, 2015 with the Japanese Patent Office, the entire
contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
* * * * *