U.S. patent application number 15/210531 was filed with the patent office on 2016-11-03 for method for enabling a wireless device for geographically preferential services.
The applicant listed for this patent is Jasper Technologies, Inc.. Invention is credited to Scott Barkley, Daniel Collins, Amit Gupta, Jack McGwire, Jahangir Mohammed.
Application Number | 20160323731 15/210531 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51165514 |
Filed Date | 2016-11-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160323731 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Mohammed; Jahangir ; et
al. |
November 3, 2016 |
METHOD FOR ENABLING A WIRELESS DEVICE FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY
PREFERENTIAL SERVICES
Abstract
Disclosed is system comprising: a server platform operative to
communicate with a wireless communication network; and data storage
coupled to the server platform to store a plurality of business
rules, wherein the server platform is operative to: generate a
first provision instruction to provision a Policy and Charging
Rules Function (PCRF) with a first rule set associated with a first
set of business rules for wireless usage incurred by a mobile
terminal operating in the wireless communication network; generate
a first billing instruction based on the first set of business
rules and a first data type determined by a packet gateway that
inspects packet data communicated to or from the mobile
terminal.
Inventors: |
Mohammed; Jahangir;
(Saratoga, CA) ; Gupta; Amit; (Livermore, CA)
; Collins; Daniel; (McKinney, TX) ; Barkley;
Scott; (San Mateo, CA) ; McGwire; Jack;
(Sunnyvale, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Jasper Technologies, Inc. |
Santa Clara |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51165514 |
Appl. No.: |
15/210531 |
Filed: |
July 14, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14807776 |
Jul 23, 2015 |
9398169 |
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15210531 |
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14622535 |
Feb 13, 2015 |
9094538 |
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14807776 |
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14460201 |
Aug 14, 2014 |
8958773 |
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14622535 |
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14213482 |
Mar 14, 2014 |
8818331 |
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14460201 |
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13911438 |
Jun 6, 2013 |
8725140 |
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14213482 |
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13413516 |
Mar 6, 2012 |
8478238 |
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13911438 |
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13341800 |
Dec 30, 2011 |
8917611 |
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14213482 |
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12652694 |
Jan 5, 2010 |
8325614 |
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14213482 |
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61794198 |
Mar 15, 2013 |
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61567017 |
Dec 5, 2011 |
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61501131 |
Jun 24, 2011 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 12/00405 20190101;
H04W 88/02 20130101; H04W 88/16 20130101; H04L 63/0853 20130101;
H04M 15/725 20130101; H04W 4/50 20180201; H04M 15/61 20130101; H04M
15/8038 20130101; H04W 12/00514 20190101; H04M 2215/2026 20130101;
H04M 15/8083 20130101; H04M 15/66 20130101; H04W 12/06 20130101;
H04M 15/70 20130101; H04M 15/8033 20130101; H04W 4/24 20130101;
H04M 15/715 20130101; H04M 2215/208 20130101; H04W 4/60 20180201;
H04M 15/80 20130101; H04M 15/58 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 4/24 20060101
H04W004/24; H04M 15/00 20060101 H04M015/00; H04W 4/00 20060101
H04W004/00; H04L 29/06 20060101 H04L029/06 |
Claims
1. A system comprising: a server platform operative to communicate
with a wireless communication network; and data storage coupled to
the server platform to store a plurality of business rules, wherein
the server platform is operative to: generate a first provision
instruction to provision a Policy and Charging Rules Function
(PCRF) with a first rule set associated with a first set of
business rules for wireless usage incurred by a mobile terminal
operating in the wireless communication network; generate a first
billing instruction based on the first set of business rules and a
first data type determined by a packet gateway that inspects packet
data communicated to or from the mobile terminal, wherein the first
billing instruction indicates a first party to be billed and a
first billing rate for the wireless usage of the mobile terminal;
detect that a transition condition has occurred in a lifecycle of
the mobile terminal; generate a second provision instruction to
provision the PCRF with a second rule set associated with a second
set of business rules for the wireless usage of the mobile
terminal; and generate a second billing instruction based on the
second set of business rules and a second data type determined by
the packet gateway that inspects the packet data, wherein the
second billing instruction indicates a second party to be billed
and a second billing rate for the wireless usage of the mobile
terminal.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation and claims the benefit of
priority for U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/807,776 filed on
Jul. 23, 2015 and is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 14/622,535 filed on Feb. 13, 2015 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.
9,094,538 on Jul. 28, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/460,201 filed on Aug. 14, 2014 and issued
as U.S. Pat. No. 8,958,773 on Feb. 17, 2015, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/213,482 filed
Mar. 14, 2014 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,818,331 on Aug. 26,
2014, which claims the priority of Provisional Patent Application
No. 61/794,198 filed on Mar. 15, 2013, the entire contents of which
are incorporated herein by reference. U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 14/213,482 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 13/911,438 filed on Jun. 6, 2013 and issued as U.S. Pat.
No. 8,725,140 on May 13, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/413,516 filed on Mar. 6, 2012
and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,478,238 on Jul. 2, 2013 which is
based upon and claims the benefit of priority for prior Provisional
Patent Application No. 61/567,017 filed on Dec. 5, 2011. U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 14/213,482 is also a
continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/341,800
filed Dec. 30, 2011 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,917,611 on Dec.
23, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/501,131 filed on Jun. 24, 2011, a
continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/652,694
filed Jan. 5, 2010 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,325,614 on Dec. 4,
2012.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Embodiments of the invention relate to services provided to
consumers and operators of wireless networks.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The continued evolution of wireless network technology
allows consumers today to communicate with each other by voice,
data and text messaging through highly sophisticated network
architectures. A consumer can make a phone call, download data and
send text messages using a single wireless communication device,
such as a feature phone, smartphone, tablet, or Blackberry, etc.
Typically, a consumer enters a network operator or third party
retail store/storefront, selects a wireless device such as a
smartphone, activates the smartphone, purchases a service plan from
a network operator. For example, in order to activate the
smartphone, a salesperson in the storefront may have to install an
inactive SIM card into the smartphone, and then coordinate with the
network operator to activate the SIM card in accordance with the
parameters associated with the chosen service plan. All the while,
the consumer is expending time, energy, and expense while the
network operator is incurring overhead costs associated with
providing the storefront and employing the sales force in order to
provide the customer service required for the sales and activation
of the smartphone. Subsequently, should the consumer allow his
service plan to lapse and become inactivate, for whatever reason,
and then decide to re-institute his/her service, this entire
scenario must be repeated, incurring additional time and expense on
the part of both the consumer and network operator. Thus, the
conventional operator's system for managing usage, offers, pricing
and policy is inflexible and cannot easily adapt to the consumers'
needs.
[0004] Depending on technology, a wireless device may or may not
require a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). Technologies such as
IS95 CDMA and variants thereof do not require a SIM. Devices that
use such standards consider the wireless service subscription to be
associated with the device itself. Other wireless technologies,
such as those based on GSM and UMTS, use a SIM. The SIM is inserted
into the wireless device. The SIM contains the identity of the
subscriber and other subscription related information. Therefore,
the subscription and the device are separate. It is possible to
move a SIM from one device to another and the subscription moves
with it. Service usage is associated with the SIM. Therefore, it is
possible to make a call with a given device and SIM, then move the
SIM to a second device and make a second call. Both calls will be
associated with the same subscriber and with the same phone number
and will be billed to the same customer.
[0005] Initially, the SIM was a credit-card sized card that could
easily be moved from device to device. However, for many years,
SIMs have been much smaller (approx 1 cm.times.2 cm or less) and
have been inserted in a wireless device in a manner that is not
convenient to remove (e.g. behind the device battery). More
recently, SIMs may take the form of a soldered-on chip that is not
removable at all.
[0006] Moreover, recent developments have dictated that the
subscription information or subscriber-specific information is not
all stored on the SIM. For example, in GSM-based technologies such
as UMTS and LTE, the use of data services must be associated with a
subscribed service called an access point name (APN). A given user
can use data services only if the user requests an APN that is
stored against the subscriber's profile in the network. But the APN
is not defined on the SIM. The APN is specified on the device.
There are many other items of subscriber-specific data that reside
on the device rather than the SIM, including for example, contact
lists, email configurations, text message configurations and
Virtual Private Network (VPN) settings.
[0007] Therefore, the SIM no longer contains all the subscription
information to enable a user to access all provided services, and
the SIM is no longer easily portable between devices. Effectively,
the SIM and device are firmly linked and it is only the combination
that fully identifies a subscriber and his/her subscribed
services.
[0008] When a user wishes to change to a new device, it is
necessary to transfer subscription information from the old
device/SIM combination to the new device/SIM combination. In some
cases today, the user will move the old SIM to the new device. In
such a case, the device must be configured with non-SIM-stored
subscription information (e.g. APN). In some other cases today, the
user may be provided with a new SIM as well as a new device. In
those cases, the network operator makes changes in the network to
assign the new SIM to the subscriber (e.g. the subscriber phone
number is assigned to the new SIM). Other personal information
stored on the old SIM may be lost or must be manually transferred
from one SIM to the other. In addition, the device must be
configured correctly--e.g. with the appropriate APN.
[0009] It should be noted that, besides the purchase of a new
device, there are many situations where a user may wish to use a
different device with a given subscription, or use a given device
with different subscriptions.
[0010] For example, if USER A has a device that is out of battery
power, he may wish to borrow a device from USER B and easily
configure USER B's device to provide the services subscribed by
USER A.
[0011] There are cases where a given user may have different
subscriptions and may want a single device to be configured to act
in accordance with one subscription or another on demand. For
example, imagine a business traveler that has wireless service
subscriptions in different countries so that he can use one
wireless service provider in one country and another wireless
service provider in a second country, and avoid roaming charges.
Today, such travelers typically have either two devices and two
SIMs, or one device with two SIMs and will change the SIM in the
device as needed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The present invention is illustrated by way of example and
not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in
which like references indicate similar elements and in which:
[0013] FIG. 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of network
architecture in which a Core Service Platform (CSP) system may
operate.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a diagram of one embodiment of a deployment model
for a CSP system.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram of one embodiment of a mobile
communication device.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram of one embodiment of a computer
system.
[0017] FIG. 5 is an overview of CSP system integration according to
one embodiment of the invention.
[0018] FIG. 6 is an overview with further details of CSP system
integration according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0019] FIG. 7 is an embodiment of integration between a CSP system
and an operator network.
[0020] FIG. 8 is an embodiment of network signal flow.
[0021] FIG. 9 is another embodiment of network signal flow.
[0022] FIG. 10 is an embodiment of integration between a CSP system
and a wireless communication device.
[0023] FIG. 11 is an embodiment of a display screen of a CSP device
application (CDA) that shows a "My Account" feature.
[0024] FIG. 12 is an embodiment of a display screen of a CDA that
shows a "Tell a Friend" feature.
[0025] FIG. 13 is an embodiment of a display screen of a CDA that
shows a "Diagnostic Help" feature.
[0026] FIG. 14 is an embodiment of a display screen of a CDA that
shows a "Contextual Help" feature.
[0027] FIG. 15A is an embodiment of a display screen of a CDA that
shows a "Usage Alert" feature.
[0028] FIG. 15B is an embodiment of a display screen of a CSP
device application that shows a "Roaming Alert" feature.
[0029] FIG. 15C is an embodiment of a display screen of a device
that allows a subscriber to enter a code.
[0030] FIG. 16 is an embodiment of a display screen of CSP operator
Web applications.
[0031] FIG. 17A is an embodiment of Custom Relationship Management
(CRM) integration.
[0032] FIG. 17B is an embodiment of a process for publishing
offer/policy from a CSP system to an operator.
[0033] FIG. 18A is an embodiment of provisioning/order entry
integration.
[0034] FIG. 18B is an embodiment of a process for
provisioning/order entry integration.
[0035] FIG. 19 is an embodiment of billing integration.
[0036] FIG. 20 is an embodiment of reporting integration.
[0037] FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a self-provisioning
wireless system.
[0038] FIG. 22A illustrates an example of authentication data
structures in one embodiment.
[0039] FIG. 22B illustrates an example of authentication data
structures in another embodiment.
[0040] FIG. 23 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for acquiring wireless service from a wireless network.
[0041] FIG. 24A illustrates an embodiment of a process for
provisioning or authentication of a wireless terminal in a network
system.
[0042] FIG. 24B illustrates another embodiment of a process for
provisioning or authentication of a wireless terminal in a network
system.
[0043] FIG. 25 illustrates an embodiment of a process for
self-provisioning or authentication, of a wireless terminal in a
network system.
[0044] FIG. 26 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for acquiring wireless service from a wireless network.
[0045] FIG. 27 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a
system for mobile data communication provisioning.
[0046] FIG. 28 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for mobile data communication provisioning.
[0047] FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
state definition.
[0048] FIG. 30 illustrates an embodiment of a state transition rule
definition.
[0049] FIG. 31 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of
states of a channel sale model for provisioning and the transitions
between the states.
[0050] FIG. 32 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of
states of a retail sale model for provisioning and the transitions
between the states.
[0051] FIG. 33 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for provisioning wireless communication.
[0052] FIG. 34A is an embodiment of a wireless network architecture
in which a global platform provider operates.
[0053] FIGS. 34B and 34C are two examples of IMSI switching when a
mobile device roams from a home network to a visited network.
[0054] FIG. 35 illustrates an overview of IMSI provisioning and
management.
[0055] FIG. 36 illustrates an embodiment of a process for
activating a mobile device having a bootstrap IMSI.
[0056] FIG. 37 illustrates a process for performing IMSI
switching.
[0057] FIG. 38 illustrates an embodiment of a process for operating
the mobile device after IMSI switching.
[0058] FIG. 39 illustrates an embodiment of a process for operating
the mobile device as a roaming device after IMSI switching.
[0059] FIG. 40 illustrates an embodiment of a process for
performing another IMSI switching.
[0060] FIG. 41 illustrates an embodiment for implementation of a
Geo-Fence.
[0061] FIG. 42 illustrates the types of services that OnStar in
combination with a wireless network operator may deliver to a
consumer.
[0062] FIG. 43 illustrates an example of a lifecycle of a mobile
terminal, such as a mobile device or a motor vehicle equipped with
wireless communication capabilities according one embodiment.
[0063] FIG. 44 illustrates an embodiment of a breakdown of
wholesale vs. retail usage.
[0064] FIG. 45 illustrates an embodiment of an application level
differentiation and pricing.
[0065] FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of real-time retail usage
and policy integration.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] In the following description, numerous specific details are
set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the
invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other
instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not
been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of
this description. It will be appreciated, however, by one skilled
in the art, that the invention may be practiced without such
specific details. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the
included descriptions, will be able to implement appropriate
functionality without undue experimentation.
[0067] Wireless communications services are provided to subscribers
by a Mobile Network Operator (MNO). In most cases, the wireless
network operator owns and operates the wireless network
infrastructure, including cell sites, switches, routers,
transmission equipment, subscriber databases, provisioning systems
and charging systems. In some cases, however, service is provided
by a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO). A typical MVNO does
not provide cell sites and transmission equipment and may provide
only a subset of other functions such as subset of databases,
charging systems and provisioning systems. For those functions that
an MVNO does not provide directly, the MVNO gains access to
corresponding functions provided by a traditional (not virtual)
Mobile Network Operator. In the case of both a MNO and MVNO, the
operator will have access to a provisioning and charging system.
The provisioning system updates subscriber databases and other
network systems in accordance with services and features to be
assigned to a subscriber. The charging system charges the customer
for those services and features in accordance with the customer's
subscribed tariff.
[0068] When a subscriber wishes to avail of services, those
services are provisioned through the Operator's provisioning
system. In the case where a subscriber wishes to use a specific
device and SIM, the operator's provisioning system provisions the
SIM data against the subscriber record in the subscriber database,
and also provisions the device with the subscriber's profile,
including operator-specific and subscriber-specific settings, as
needed. Provisioning these operator-specific and
subscriber-specific settings may be done through an Over-The-Air
(OTA) Channel to the device. These settings may include devices
settings for data access (e.g. APN), specific operator short codes
for premium SMS services, voice mail numbers, customer care number,
contact address book, subscriber profile for email access,
iTunes.RTM. profile, customized browser settings, ringtone
settings, etc. A subscriber can already have his subscriber profile
including these settings stored on his device. When the subscriber
acquires a new device, borrows a device (e.g., when his own device
has a dead battery), or otherwise switch from one existing
subscription to another existing subscription, the provisioning
system described herein can retrieve these settings from a database
and provision these settings to the subscriber's device (e.g., new
or borrowed device).
[0069] Embodiments of the invention allow a user to enter secure
information into a device and have that device act in accordance
with one subscription or another as needed, all without the need
for swapping SIMs or other device manipulation. Embodiments of the
invention allow a user to enter secure information into a device
and for that device to assume all necessary subscription
information to provide all subscribed services, all without the
need for swapping SIMs or other device manipulation. According to
embodiments of the invention, a given user can use any device and
SIM and have that device and SIM combination be provisioned to
provide all of that subscriber's services. The subscriber may enter
a specific code to the device, which indicates that the device and
its embedded SIM are to be provisioned to provide all of the
services that the subscriber has subscribed to. The specific code
includes an identifier for the subscriber, such as a telephone
number, account number, social security number or other subscriber
identifier.
[0070] An example of a device display screen 1550 that allows a
subscriber to enter a code is shown in FIG. 15C. The specific code
may include parameters associated with the usage of the device and
SIM by the subscriber. For example, the code may limit the user to
the usage of the device and SIM for only a specific period of time,
after which the device and SIM revert to their previous provisioned
state. In another embodiment, the specific code may limit the usage
of the SIM and device to only a specific location or geographic
area. For example, a user may be able to use a device and SIM with
his own subscription and services only within a Mobile Network
Operator retail outlet in a try-before-you buy scenario.
[0071] In alternative embodiments, rather than such usage
parameters being entered jointly with the code that identifies the
subscriber, the parameters may be entered separately and/or
individually. For example, the user may select the parameters from
a menu of options on a graphical user interface (GUI) of a mobile
device.
[0072] The specific code may also include security credentials that
can be used to verify that the subscriber in question is allowed to
use the device and SIM in question. In one embodiment, the security
credentials may be provided by the Mobile Network Operator, for
example, in the case where a user has purchased the phone. In
another embodiment, the security credentials may be provided by an
existing user of the device and SIM (e.g. in the case where USER A
lends a device and SIM to USER B). The security credentials, if
any, may be provided by any other authorized entity, such as an
enterprise communications manager. The security credentials may be
entered jointly with the subscriber identifier or may be entered
separately
[0073] In one embodiment, the display screen of FIG. 15C appears on
the device when a soft key or a function of a device application
(e.g., the Core Services Platform Device Application (CDA) to be
described below) is activated. In one embodiment, when a user
(i.e., a borrower) borrows the device from a subscriber (i.e., a
lender), a "lending phone function" provided by the device allows
the user to input his code, where the code is linked to the user's
subscriber profile stored in a database. In a scenario where the
user has his own device (e.g., with a dead battery) and
subscription, his subscriber profile can be resident on this own
device. The "lending phone function" may be activated only with the
subscriber's permission (i.e., a lender); e.g., and when the user
(i.e., a borrower) enters a valid passcode. The device then sends
the code and the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
stored on the borrowed device to a provisioning system, such as the
Core Services Platform (CSP) and/or the global platform for the
SIMs to be described below. The provisioning system uses the IMSI
from the lender's phone and the code to retrieve the user's
subscriber profile (including the operator-specific and the
user-specific settings) from the CSP databases and the home
location register (HLR), provisions the user's subscriber profile
(including the operator-specific and the user-specific settings) to
the borrowed device, and suspends the subscriber's service.
[0074] In an alternative embodiment, when the user enters his code
into the device, the device sends the code to the CSP along with a
request for a new IMSI. The CSP then locates the user's subscriber
profile in CSP databases and the HLR, sends the IMSI to the device
via an OTA channel, and provisions the user's subscriber profile
(including the operator-specific and the user-specific settings) to
the device.
[0075] In one scenario, a pool of mobile devices may be shared by a
team of users that work for a company; e.g., a sales and management
team of 20 people that travel worldwide. In an effort to reduce
costs and be more efficient, the company may have only 5
top-of-the-line mobile devices that are distributed as a loaner on
an as needed basis. Each member of the team is given a personal
code. When team members check out the devices for business
purposes, they can input their personal codes to have the devices
personalized to each one of them with their subscriber profiles.
The company can also subscribe to a Mobile Broadband (MBB) platform
so that the usage of team members is segregated and tracked per SIM
and the company is able to account for the activities of each team
member. As described previously in the above alternative
embodiment, when a team member enters his code into the device, the
device sends the code to the CSP along with a request for an IMSI.
The CSP then locates the member's subscriber profile in the CSP
databases and the HLR, and provisions an IMSI and the member's
subscriber profile (including the operator-specific and the
user-specific settings) to the device. As the team member travels
around the world, the provisioning system can re-IMSI the mobile
device (that is, provision a different IMSI) for the best rate
plans to minimize roaming charges.
[0076] The scenarios described above can be analogously applied to
a new mobile device acquired by a subscriber who has a previous
device and SIM combination. When the subscriber acquires a new
mobile device, the provisioning system may remove the subscriber's
services from the previous device and SIM combination such that the
subscriber may use only one device and SIM combination at a time.
Alternatively, the provisioning system may provision subscriber
databases and service platforms to allow for the subscriber to use
either device and SIM combination, including both at the same time.
For example, a subscriber who has a previous device and SIM
acquires a new device. The new device has been provisioned a new
IMSI. When the subscriber enters his code into the new device, the
new device sends the code and the new IMSI to the CSP. The CSP then
retrieves the subscriber's profile (including the operator-specific
and the user-specific settings) from the CSP databases and the HLR
using the new IMSI and the code, and provisions the retrieved
information to the new device.
[0077] In one embodiment, the CSP retrieves or maintains the
subscriber profiles in the CSP databases. For example, the CSP may
offer a promotion to a subscriber to upgrade to a new phone/tablet
and sends a promotional code. In anticipation, or as a matter of
course, the CSP retrieves or maintains this subscriber profile
(which is also resident on the subscriber's current device) in the
CSP databases. Then upon receipt of the code and the IMSI from the
new device, the CSP provisions network elements and sends the
subscriber profile over the air to the new device.
[0078] The specific code, associated security credentials, and
other information described above may be passed from the device via
a specific channel to the provisioning system of the network
operator. The provisioning channel may use any of a number of
transport mechanisms, including GPRS, UMTS, LTE, SMS, USSD,
circuit-switched data or DTMF. The provisioning system verifies the
subscriber identity, the subscriber credentials and the services
and features to be provisioned. The provisioning system then
provisions the approved services against the subscriber, SIM and
device in question. The provisioning system does this through
updating subscriber databases, service platforms and by updating
the SIM and/or the device through OTA provisioning. The OTA
provisioning may be performed through any of a number of channels
including SMS, USSD, GPRS, UMTS, HSPA, LTE.
[0079] In the event that the subscriber is to be allowed to use the
device and SIM combination for a limited period of time, the
provisioning system may start a timer associated with the
provisioning of services against the device and SIM combination.
When that timer expires, the provisioning system may remove the
subscriber's services from the device and SIM combination. The
provisioning system may send an alert to the subscriber in advance
of removing the subscriber's services. The subscriber may receive
the alert via the GUI on the device. The device may employ a
specialized on-device application to enable such functionality. For
example, the device may employ a Core Services Platform Device
Application (CDA) as further described in detail below. The
provisioning system may offer the subscriber the opportunity to
extend the subscriber's services against the device and SIM
combination. For example, the subscriber may have been given the
device and SIM on a trial basis and may be given the opportunity to
purchase the device and SIM upon expiry of the trial, or subscribe
to a specific contract term at the end of the trial.
[0080] In the event of the expiry of any temporary usage period for
the subscriber to use the device and SIM combination, then the
provisioning system may re-provision the device and SIM combination
to its provisioned state that existed prior to the start of the
temporary usage period.
[0081] Embodiments of the invention describe a system and method
that may include receiving a code provided by a user through a GUI
of the wireless device to be used for activating services on the
wireless device. An activation message including the user-provided
code may then be transmitted over a management or provisioning
channel available to inactive, unprovisioned, or previously
provisioned inactive wireless devices for delivery to a
provisioning server for use in activating or re-activating services
on the wireless device.
[0082] In one or more embodiments, the services requested to be
activated include services for a new unprovisioned wireless device
or an existing out-of-service previously provisioned wireless
device. In one or more embodiments, the services requested to be
activated may also include the addition or purchasing of services
including data package upgrades, voice plan upgrades, and any
additional service upgrades for wireless devices that have already
been activated.
[0083] In a typical consumer interaction with a conventional
network operator/carrier infrastructure, a consumer enters a
network operator or third party retail storefront, interacts with a
salesperson, and selects a wireless device such as a smartphone for
activation and purchase. Next, the salesperson must activate the
smartphone by inserting an inactive SIM card into the smartphone,
and then coordinate with the network operator to activate the SIM
card in accordance with the parameters associated with a chosen
service plan.
[0084] In order to provision the device, the retail
representative/salesperson takes the consumer to a terminal. The
salesperson logs into the store's activation program. The
salesperson asks the consumer for personal information, e.g. name,
address, phone number, date of birth, etc. and enters that
information into the terminal. The salesperson asks for financial
information and enters that information into the activation system
and performs a credit check. The store's activation program
performs a credit check and provides a score back to the
salesperson. Based upon this score, the salesperson tells the
Customer what type of postpaid plans they can select from, how much
discount they can get on the smartphone or tells them they cannot
select a postpaid phone and offers then a prepaid plan. The
salesperson reviews the available offers and services with the
consumer and confirms the offer they want. The salesperson enters
offer information into the store's activation system. The store
activation system provides the salesperson details on the selected
offers and services. The salesperson explains the payment terms to
the Customer. The salesperson asks for payment information for the
offers selected and enters this payment information into the
store's activation system. The salesperson asks the consumer if
they want to pay for the phone or add it to their monthly bill. If
the former, the salesperson collects and processes payment for the
phone. The salesperson coordinates with the network operator to
activate the SIM card in accordance with the parameters associated
with a chosen service plan. Upon successful payment, the
salesperson provides the consumer (now a Customer) with the
purchased phone and activated SIM card. The salesperson places the
activated SIM card into the phone and gives it to the Customer. The
Customer takes the phone and leaves the store with an activated
handset.
[0085] An embodiment of the invention describes an improved
consumer experience wherein the consumer may self-activate and
provision a wireless or mobile device such as a smartphone or a
tablet by him or herself. This self-activation or automatic
activation and provisioning is made possible by the use of a
combination of an activation ready SIM card and a Customer System
embodied as a network server in communication with the carrier
network. An activation ready SIM card allows the wireless/mobile
device to have a limited connectivity with the Customer System
and/or carrier network for the purpose of provisioning the device
to allow carrier network connectivity for combinations of voice,
data, and text messaging. Once provisioned, the SIM transitions
from an activation ready state to an activated state that allows
the combinations of voice, data, and text messaging connectivity
according to a selected service plan.
[0086] In one embodiment, the consumer can perform the
self-activation or automatic activation and provisioning by
utilizing a GUI in combination with a mobile device application. In
one embodiment mobile device application is referred to as CDA. In
one embodiment, the consumer may first attempt to utilize voice,
data, and/or text messaging services in his/her newly acquired
mobile device and subsequently receive a prompt via the device GUI
to initiate an activation sequence. The activation sequence may
simply comprise inputting a code into the GUI.
[0087] In one embodiment, the consumer can acquire the mobile
device with a pre-installed activation ready SIM card from a
storefront and perform the activation and provisioning him/herself
or with the assistance of a salesperson. In an alternative
embodiment, the consumer can be shipped the mobile device with a
pre-installed activation ready SIM card via postal or standard
delivery service and perform the activation and provisioning
himself without the assistance of a salesperson.
[0088] In one embodiment, a Core Services Platform (CSP) may be
used as an alternative to the Customer System. In an alternative
embodiment, a Mobile Broadband (MBB) server may be used as an
alternative to the Customer System. In yet another embodiment, an
Enterprise Services Platform (ESP) may be used as an alternative to
the Customer System.
[0089] In addition to provisioning the wireless device, it is also
necessary to provision elements in the wireless communications
network which are responsible for effecting mobile communications
services and applications (e.g., billing plan, voice mail, call
forwarding, email, information services, etc.). These elements
include servers and other network devices maintained by the
wireless carrier. The CSP, MBB, or ESP will interface with the
wireless communications network to provision elements in the
wireless communications network.
[0090] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
network system. In the embodiment shown, a cellular device 100
communicates with an operator network 110 through a base station
102 and a base station controller 104. Cellular device 100 can be a
cellular telephone, a smartphone with data transfer and messaging
capability, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA),
a video-camera, a gaming device, a global positioning system (GPS),
an e-Reader, a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) device (i.e., an
application-specific telemetry device that collects data using
sensors and transmits the data to a destination such as a server
over a network), a hybrid device with a combination of any of the
above functionalities, or any other wireless mobile devices capable
of sending and receiving voice, data and text messages. Cellular
device 100 communicates with operator network 110 using wireless
protocols, such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11-based wireless protocols
(such as Wi-Fi), and the like. Cellular device 100 is used by a
consumer (equivalently, a subscriber or a user). Operator network
110 is a wireless cellular network that includes a voice network
(e.g., a global system for mobile communications (GSM) network), a
data network (e.g., a general packet radio service (GPRS) network),
and a messaging network (e.g., a short message service (SMS)
network). It is understood that operator network 110 can include
voice, data and messaging networks that are different from the GSM
network, GPRS network and SMS network. In the embodiment shown, the
voice network is represented by a network switching subsystem 106,
the data network is represented by a Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN) 127, a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 107, and the
messaging network is represented by a messaging gateway 108. It is
understood that operator network 110 includes various other network
components, which are omitted herein for simplicity of
illustration. Operator network 110 allows a user of cellular device
100 to engage in voice, data and messaging communications with
devices coupled to operator network 110 through external networks
(not shown).
[0091] In one embodiment, base station 102 includes a radio
transmitter and receiver for communicating with cellular devices
(e.g., cellular device 100), and a communications system for
communicating with base station controller 104. Base station
controller 104 controls base station 102 and enables communication
with operator network 110. In various embodiments, base station
controller 104 can control any number of base stations.
[0092] Network switching subsystem 106 controls voice network
switching, maintains a register of cellular device locations, and
connects operator network 110 with an external voice network, such
as a public switched telephone network, a private voice telephony
network, or any other appropriate voice telephony network. In one
embodiment, network switching subsystem 106 includes a mobile
switching center (MSC) 111, a home location register (HLR) 113, and
a visitor location register (VLR) 114. MSC 111 controls, sets up
and releases a voice connection using signaling protocols such as
signaling system No. 7 (SS7). In some embodiments, MSC 111
additionally tracks the time of a voice connection for the purposes
of charging cellular devices, decrementing available usage,
tracking monetary balance, monitoring battery status, and other
purposes. In one embodiment, operator network 110 may include any
number of MSCs. Each of these MSCs serves cellular devices within a
network area, which may include one or more base stations and one
or more base station controllers. Some of the cellular devices may
be registered to use this network area as their "home network," and
some of the other cellular devices may be registered to use other
network areas as their home networks. HLR 113 maintains a list of
cellular devices whose home network is served by MSC 111. VLR 114
maintains a list of cellular devices that have roamed into the area
served by MSC 111. When a cellular device leaves its home network
(e.g., the network area served by MSC 111), the VLR ("target VLR")
of the network ("target network") to which the device has roamed
communicates with HLR 113 in the home network of the device. When
HLR 113 has confirmed to the target VLR that it can allow the
device to use the target network, the device is added to the target
VLR, and the MSC in the target network sets up the communication
for the roaming cellular device.
[0093] SGSN 127 and GGSN 102 are two of the main components in the
core data network of operator network 110. SGSN 127 is responsible
for the delivery of data packets from and to the cellular devices
within its geographical service area. The tasks of SGSN 127 include
packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach and
location management), logical link management, authentication and
charging functions. GGSN 107 controls data communications switching
and connects operator network 110 with an external data network,
such as a local area network, a wide area network, a wired network,
a wireless network, the Internet, a fiber network, a storage area
network, or any other appropriate networks. In some embodiments,
GGSN 107 is one of the core components in the core data network of
operator network 110. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the core data
network of operator network 110 may also include various other
network switching components. GGSN 107 serves as an interface
between operator network 110 and external data networks, and
translates data packets into the appropriate formats for the
devices on each side. In the embodiment shown, GGSN 107 also
performs policy and charging enforcement and control via the
functionalities of: Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF)
122, Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) 123 and Online
Charging System (OCS) 124. PCRF 123 performs policy control and
flow-based charging control. To that end, PCRF 123 authorizes
Quality of Service (QoS) resources and operations, e.g., service
redirection and other policy-based actions. Ultimately, PCRF 123
resembles a collection controller in that it collects the
subscriber's subscription data and allows PCEF 122 to enforce the
policies and the charging. OCS 124 facilitates the online charging
process by collecting charging information about network resource
usage concurrently with that resource usage. OCS 124 also approves
authorization for the network resource usage prior to the actual
commencement of that usage. The approval may be limited in terms of
data volume or in terms of duration. PCEF 122 performs policy
enforcement, service data flow detection, and flow-based charging
functionalities. The policy control indicated by the PCRF 123 is
enforced by PCEF 122. To that end, the PCEF 122 will permit the
service data flow to pass through PCEF 122 only if there is a
corresponding active Policy and Charging Control (PCC) rule and if
OCS 124 has authorized credit for the charging key used for online
charging. Ultimately, PCEF 122 ensures that service is provided
with the appropriate QoS and that the subscriber is charged in
accordance with the charging rate set for the subscriber.
[0094] Messaging gateway 108 provides short messages transit
between cellular devices and other communication devices. Messaging
gateway 108 can be a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), a
multi-media messaging center (MMSC), or a network node coupled to
the SMSC or MMSC. Messaging gateway 108 delivers text messages
through operator network 110 to/from external networks via standard
protocols such as Short Message Peer-to-Peer Protocol (SMPP) or
Universal Computer Protocol (UCP).
[0095] In some embodiments, operator network 110 is coupled to a
hosted service platform 120 via a Core Service Platform (CSP)
network 170 and a number of network nodes. Hosted service platform
120 serves as a service management platform for wireless
communication devices such as cellular device 100. Hosted service
platform 120 may include multiple data centers in multiple
geographical locations with each data center including multiple
server computers. Hosted service platform 120 includes a number of
CSP engines 122 that provide a suite of functions to automate both
the sales and support processes towards wireless users. Hosted
service platform and CSP network 170, as well as software hosted
thereon, form a CSP system. An overview of the CSP system will be
described below in connection with FIGS. 5 and 6.
[0096] CSP network 170 provides connections between the data
centers in the hosted service platform 120 and operator network
110. In one embodiment, CSP network 170 includes a GGSN 171 that
implements PCRF 173 and OCS 174. Depending on the agreements
between the operator/owner of operator network 110 and
operator/owner of CSP network 170, both sets of (PCRF 123, OCS 124)
and (PCRF 173, OCS 174) can be active at the same time or at
different stages of service deployment. In some alternative
embodiments, CSP network 170 does not implement PCRF 173 and OCS
174. Instead, host service platform 120 collects subscription data,
policy and charging information from operator network 110.
[0097] The network nodes between operator network 110 and CSP
network 170 are represented in FIG. 1 as operator network node 130,
network node A 131 and network node B 132. These network nodes
(130, 131 and 132) can include switches, routers, bridges, and
other network components. There can be any number of network nodes
between operator network 110 and CSP network 170. In the embodiment
shown, operator network node 130 communicates with network node A
131 via an integrated connection, while it communicates with
network node B 132 via three separate connections for voice, data
and text messaging.
[0098] In some embodiments, an operator IT system 150 is coupled to
operator network 110 via operator network node 130. Operator IT
system 150 receives subscribers' data and usage from operator
network 110, and provides the functions of Customer Relationship
Management (CRM)/care, provisioning/order entry, billing/mediation
(or payments), and reporting/data warehouse (DWH) (or business
intelligence). Operator IT system 150 also provides a user
interface (such as a desktop interface or a Web interface) for a
system administrator to monitor and manage these functions. In one
embodiment, operator IT system 150 includes a control center that
hosts CSP operator Web applications 154. CSP operator Web
applications 154 allow an operator to manage its marketing
campaign, offers (equivalently, rate plans), pricing, billing and
customer care in an integrated environment. Functionality of CSP
operator Web applications 154 will be described later in further
detail with reference to FIG. 16.
[0099] In some embodiments, cellular device 100 stores and runs CSP
device application (CDA) 140. CDA 140 displays alerts and
notifications to consumers in response to the consumers' current
usage and condition, provides customized contextual offers in real
time, and allows consumers to select and purchase wireless products
and services from their devices. Moreover, using CDA 140, consumers
can diagnose and solve their own service questions and problems
directly from their wireless device. For example, CDA 140 can query
multiple sources, including cellular device 100 itself, to perform
a diagnosis. Functionality of CDA 140 will be described later in
further detail with an example shown in FIGS. 10-15.
[0100] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
deployment model for the CSP data centers. The CSP data centers can
be a cloud-based computing system. In the embodiment shown, two
data centers (220 and 230) are coupled to operator Internet
Protocol (IP) network 210 via CSP network 170 and a number of
network nodes (e.g., routers). Data centers 220 and 230 are part of
hosted service platform 120 of FIG. 1. Data centers 220 and 230 can
be deployed at different locations and each center includes
multiple server computers. Some of the server computers can serve
as Web servers providing resources that can be accessed by the
operator and subscribers. Data centers 220 and 230 can be
synchronized in real time, and either data center can carry the
full service demand. In one embodiment, dynamic IP routing is
established (e.g., Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)) between operator
IP network 210 and data centers 220 and 230, such that failure of
one path will allow for automatic routing via the alternative
path.
[0101] It is understood that hosted service platform 120 of FIG. 1
can include any number of data centers in any geographical
locations. Operator IP network 210 can be part of the data network
of operator network 110 of FIG. 1. In the embodiment shown,
operator IP network 210 interconnects GGSN 107, messaging gateway
108 and the systems of CRM, provisioning/order entry,
billing/mediation, and data warehouse (DWH) in operator IT system
150 of FIG. 1. In one embodiment, operator IP network 210 and CSP
network 170 exchange provisioning/order entry data, charging data
records (CDRs), reports via standard 3.sup.rd Generation
Partnership Product (3GPP) interfaces (Gx, Gy).
[0102] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
wireless communication device 300 (e.g., cellular device 100 of
FIG. 1). In one embodiment, wireless communication device 300 is a
smartphone. In alternative embodiments, wireless communication
device 300 can be a cellular telephone, a tablet computer, a
personal digital assistant (PDA), a video-camera, a gaming device,
a global positioning system (GPS), an e-Reader, a
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) device (i.e., an application-specific
telemetry device that collects data using sensors and transmits the
data to a destination such as a server over a network), a hybrid
device with a combination of any of the above functionalities, or
any other wireless mobile devices capable of sending and receiving
voice, data and text messages. In the embodiment shown, wireless
communication device 300 includes a radio transmitter 302, a radio
receiver 304, a processor 306, memory 310, a subscriber identity
module (SIM) 312, and a display 314. In some embodiments, SIM 312
is optional and the inclusion of SIM 312 is dependent on the
network technology in use. Radio transmitter 302 and radio receiver
304 communicate with a base station (e.g., base station 102 of FIG.
1) using wireless radio communication protocols. In some
embodiments, radio transmitter 302 and/or radio receiver 304
communicate voice signals, data signals, text signals (e.g., SMS),
configuration and/or registration signals, or any other appropriate
kinds of signals. Processor 306 executes instructions stored in
memory 310 to control and perform the operations of wireless
communication device 300. In some embodiments, memory 310 includes
one or more of the following: read-only memory (ROM), flash memory,
dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static memory and data storage
device. Memory 310 can act as temporary and/or long-term
information storage for processor 306. In one embodiment, memory
310 stores CDA 140. In one embodiment, display 314 can serve as a
graphical user interface (GUI) that displays images and data, such
as the screen displays of CDA 140. The displayed images and data
can be retrieved from memory 310 or other local storage, or can be
received through radio receiver 304 from a Web server (e.g., the
Web servers in the CSP data centers).
[0103] In one embodiment, SIM 312 is a removable module storing an
identifying number for wireless communication device 300 to
identify the device to the network. In various embodiments, SIM 312
stores an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number,
an Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID) number, a serial
number, or any other appropriate identifying number.
[0104] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
computer system 400. In one embodiment, computer system 400 can be
a server computer within hosted service platform 120 of FIG. 1. In
another embodiment, computer system 400 can be a server computer
within operator IT system 150 of FIG. 1. It is understood that
hosted service platform 120 and operator IT system 150 can include
any number of server computers. In the embodiment shown, computer
system 400 includes a processor 412, memory 410, an I/O device 404,
a network interface 402, a display 414 and a bus 408. In one
embodiment, display 414 can serve as a graphical user interface
(GUI) that displays graphics and data to an operator. Some of the
displayed graphics and data can be retrieved from memory 410 or
other local storage, or received through network interface 402 from
a Web server. Processor 412 represents one or more general-purpose
processing devices. Memory 410 includes one or more of the
following: read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random
access memory (DRAM), static memory and data storage device.
Network interface 402 communicates with an external data network.
In an embodiment where computer system 400 is a server computer
within hosted service platform 120 of FIG. 1, memory 410 stores
software implementing one or more of the functions of CSP engines
122, PCRF 173 and/or OCS 174. In another embodiment where computer
system 400 is a server computer within operator IT system 150 of
FIG. 1, memory 310 stores software implementing one or more of the
functions of CSP operator web applications 154.
[0105] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an overview of CSP
system integration according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates further details of CSP system integration
according to one embodiment of the invention. In the following
description, the term "CSP system" 530 refers to the software and
hardware infrastructure that manages a suite of services provided
to network operators and their subscribers. Thus, referring also to
the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, CSP system 530 includes hosted
service platform 120, CSP network 170, and the software hosted
thereon. CSP system 530 interacts with operator network 110,
operator IT system 150, and cellular device 100 in real time. In
some embodiments, CSP system 530 can also interact with operator
network 110, operator IT system 150, and cellular device 100 in
batch mode. In one embodiment, CSP system 530 is a smartphone
service management platform. Through CDA 140 and CSP operator Web
applications 154, CSP system 530 provides or enables the functions
of on-device application, self-care, diagnostics, store-front,
alert management, policy control, payment handling, offer
management, campaign management, analytics, reporting engine, and
data rating.
[0106] Referring to FIG. 6, CSP system 530 provides customized
contextual offers based on contextual assessments of a consumer's
current "context." Such "context" includes, but is not limited to,
time in contract, loyalty status, data and voice usage, value (or
valuation) of customer, time (of a latest data request), location
(of a latest data request) and purchase history. The contextual
assessments can be made by CSP engines 122, which run on hosted
service platform 120 of FIG. 1 and perform the functions that
include, but are not limited to, customer profiling,
micro-segmentation, real-time rating and policy, real-time alerts
and offers, and targeted recommendations for offers and promotions.
CSP system 530 is able to not only identify who the consumer is,
but also the consumer's current context, in order to make the right
offers at the right time. CSP system 530 formulates offers that the
consumer is most likely to purchase and that are most valuable to
the operator. The consumer can choose one of the offers and make
the purchase from his device at the moment he most likely needs it
to maintain his usage level. For example, if the consumer is in the
middle of downloading a video to his smartphone and his data usage
limit or threshold is reached, he can receive an alert on his
smartphone with offers to add more megabytes of data to extend his
usage limit. In one scenario where the consumer's usage limit or
threshold has not been reached, he can also receive an offer to add
more megabytes of data to improve the download speed. The consumer
can make the purchase from this smartphone and continue the
downloading with no or little noticeable interruption. In one
embodiment, the offers can include top-up offers or plan changes,
which add more megabytes of data or more usage time to a consumer's
existing plan for the current billing cycle, or upgrades, which
change the consumer's existing plan to a new plan that is not
limited to the current billing cycle.
[0107] Consumers experience CSP system 530 through CDA 140 on their
wireless communication devices. CDA 140 provides consumer-side
functions that include, but are not limited to: storefront,
payment, offers and alerts, self-support, account status, and
device diagnostics. Operators experience CSP system 530 through CSP
operator Web applications 154. CSP operator Web applications 154
provide operator-side functions that include, but are not limited
to: offer and policy management, campaign and alert management,
business and eligibility rules management, product catalog,
customer relationship management, merchandising and content
management, campaign analytics, retail store activation, customer
care application, and reporting. For the operator, this CSP
experience translates to the following three main benefits: (1) CSP
system 530 provides a retail store on every wireless communication
device, thereby increasing Average Revenue per User (ARPU) through
real-time contextual selling; (2) CSP system 530 drives support
cost towards zero by providing a self-support experience for
consumers; and (3) CSP system 530 drives cost of sales towards zero
using dedicated on-device channels.
[0108] In order to provide these benefits and reduce time to
market, CSP system 530 integrates with four functions of operator
IT system 150. The four functions are: CRM/care 610,
provisioning/order entry 620, billing/payments 630 and
reporting/DWH 640. CSP system 530 also integrates with two
functions of operator network 110. The two functions are GGSN
107/PCEF 122 (which represents PCEF 122 implemented by GGSN 107)
and Messaging Gateway 108.
[0109] The integration with operator network 110 will be described
below with reference to FIGS. 7-9. The integration with wireless
communication devices (e.g., cellular device 100) will be described
below with reference to FIGS. 10-15. Finally, the integration with
operator IT system 150 will be described below with reference to
FIGS. 16-22.
CSP--Network Integration
[0110] As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the integration with
operator network 110 enables the ability of CSP system 530 to have
real-time visibility of usage and take real-time actions. The two
network functions with which CSP system 530 integrates are GGSN
107/PCEF 122 and messaging gateway 108.
[0111] The network integration enables fast time to market without
compromising network integrity or service quality. In one
embodiment, the integration is achieved through the use of standard
3GPP interfaces (Gx, Gy) and standard Short Message Peer-to-Peer
(SMPP) interface.
[0112] FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the interfaces between
operator network 110 and PCRF/OCS 710. As described above in
connection with FIG. 1, PCRF/OCS 710 may reside within CSP network
170 (e.g., PCRF 173 and OCS 174), within operator network 110
(e.g., PCRF 123 and OCS 124), or both. In the embodiment of FIG. 7,
it is shown that PCRF/OCS 710 resides outside of operator network
110 (that is, within CSP network 170). However, if PCRF/OCS 710
resides within operator network 110, CSP network 170 can receive
relevant information from operator network 110 in real time or near
real time. The CSP functions, as described before in connection
with FIGS. 5 and 6, can be embedded within PCRF/OCS 710. Thus, it
is understood that the exact location of PCRF/OCS 710 is not
germane to the disclosure herein.
[0113] Referring to FIG. 7, a standard interface exists between
messaging gateway 108 and PCRF/OCS 710. Message gateway 108 can be
a SMS gateway or a Short Message Service Center (SMSC). This
interface to messaging gateway 108 can be a standard SMPP
interface. This interface allows the system to deliver alerts or
notifications to CDA 140 of FIG. 6 and user via SMS.
[0114] The (Gx, Gy) interfaces are defined in accordance with the
Diameter protocol. The (Gx, Gy) interfaces are situated between
GGSN 107/PCEF 122 and PCRF/OCS 710. More specifically, the Gx
interface is between PCEF 122 and PCRF for policy, QoS control and
re-direction. The Gy interface is between PCEF 122 and OCS for
real-time usage control and online data charging.
[0115] The following describes a number of scenarios that
illustrate the possible use cases in a network system with
integrated operator network and CSP functions. Some of these use
cases can be combined.
[0116] Case 1: Metering subscriber traffic with no overage allowed
and no redirect to portal. In this scenario, a subscriber is
assigned a monthly quota of X MB and a threshold is set at Y %. A
notification is sent to the subscriber when the subscriber exceeds
the usage threshold of Y %. No subsequent session is allowed. Quota
is reset at the end of the billing cycle.
[0117] Case 2: Metering subscriber traffic with redirect to offer
portal. In this scenario, a subscriber is assigned a static monthly
quota of X MB and a threshold is set at Y %. A notification is sent
to the subscriber when the subscriber exceeds the usage threshold
of Y %. When the subscriber reaches 100% of the monthly quota, the
subscriber session is redirected to a portal with specific offers.
The subscriber selects a top-up offer and is allowed to continue
passing traffic.
[0118] Case 3: Policy to throttle traffic at the end of usage
quota. In one scenario, the subscriber can have unlimited usage at
a lower speed with a monthly quota at a higher speed. After the
monthly quota is consumed, the subscriber's data traffic is reduced
(throttled) to the lower speed. In another scenario, a subscriber
is assigned a static monthly quota of X MB and a threshold is set
at Y %. A notification is sent to the subscriber when the
subscriber exceeds the usage threshold of Y %. When the usage
reaches 90% (or any configurable percentage) of the monthly quota,
the subscriber's data traffic is reduced (throttled) to an
externally specified speed (e.g., a speed specified by the operator
of the network). When the subscriber reaches 100% of the monthly
quota, the subscriber session is redirected to a portal with
specific offers. The subscriber can select a top-up offer and be
allowed to continue passing traffic at the original Quality of
Service (QoS). The subscriber can also pay for a higher speed
(e.g., "throttle up") if the subscriber is accessing a selected
service (e.g., an online video) or wants more bandwidth to download
a specified song or other type of file.
[0119] Case 4: Day pass. In this scenario, a subscriber is assigned
a fixed duration pass. The subscriber maintains its session until
expiration of the time quota, at which point the subscriber session
gets disconnected. The subscriber is subsequently not able to
reconnect until a new pass is purchased.
[0120] Case 5: Usage control around user data volume. In this
scenario, a subscriber is assigned a static monthly quota of X MB
and a threshold is set at Y %. The subscriber is also restricted to
use no more than Z MB of data in a 30-minute sliding window. The
subscriber is redirected to a portal if data volume exceeds this
restriction. Redirect in this case is one-time only. If the
subscriber declines a top-up offer, then the subscriber is reduced
(throttled) to an externally specified speed (e.g., a speed
specified by the operator of the network) until the 30-minute
sliding window is over. (Note that the QoS restrictions are
settable.)
[0121] Case 6: Usage restricted to specific Public Land Mobile
Networks (PLMNs). This can be combined with other use cases. In
this scenario, a subscriber is only allowed to use specific PLMNs.
At some point, the subscriber leaves the allowed networks and camps
on another network. The subscriber attempts to setup Packet Data
Protocol (PDP) context and is blocked by PCRF. Notification is sent
to subscriber to offer a targeted roaming package.
[0122] Case 7: Changed QoS on Radio Access Technology (RAT) Change.
This use case assumes that the subscribers are allowed (whether as
part of the plan or by explicit purchase) to have a specific QoS
based on how they are connecting to the network. In one scenario, a
subscriber has no QoS restrictions on the 3G network. At some
point, the subscriber goes into an EDGE network. Subscriber gets
reduced QoS while on the EDGE network. The subscriber is provided
with unrestricted speed upon returning to the 3G network. This use
case may be combined with other use cases.
[0123] Case 8: Subscriber has no quota limit within home network
but has a 100 MB quota while roaming (redirect at end of roaming
quota). In this scenario, a subscriber has no set quota while on
the home network. The subscriber has a 100 MB quota for roaming.
When the subscriber enters a roaming network, a notification update
is sent to the subscriber to advise roaming usage. At some point,
the subscriber exceeds roaming usage threshold (e.g. 90% of quota).
A notification update is sent to the subscriber indicating that
roaming limit has been reached. When the subscriber reaches 100% of
the roaming quota, the subscriber session is redirected to a portal
for additional roaming top-up offers. This use case can be extended
to a scenario in which a local area is covered by a group of
cellular sites (cells). When a subscriber moves from one cell to
another, he is not roaming (switching between networks) but
travelling (going to discrete areas in the same network). In one
scenario, the subscriber has no set quota while in the home cell,
but has a set quota for travelling to other cells.
[0124] Case 9: Detect a subscriber's access to a selected (type of)
website or service. In this scenario, through the use of Deep
Packet Inspection (DPI), the subscriber's access to a selected
(type of) website or service can be detected. The subscriber needs
to pay for the access to the selected (type of) website or service.
This scenario is similar to another scenario where subscribers
would be redirected if they go to a web site or location not
explicitly allowed and they need to pay for the access.
[0125] Integration with GGSN/PCEF.
[0126] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a signal flow for a use
case in which a subscriber is throttled when his quota has been
consumed. The signal flow between the GGSN/PCEF and PCRF, as well
as between GGSN/PCEF and OCS (or its equivalent), are in accordance
with the Diameter protocol. The Diameter protocol is an
authentication, authorization and account protocol. The Diameter
protocol defines a number of commands, such as capability exchange
request (CER), capability exchange answer (CEA), device watchdog
request (DWR), device watchdog answer (DWA), credit control request
(CCR), credit control answer (CCA), etc. These commands are
exchanged between the GGSN/PCEF and PCRF, as well as between
GGSN/PCEF and OCS, to communicate policy decision, consumed quota,
threshold limit reached, change of policy decision and change of
QoS. FIG. 8 shows that when a threshold quota is reached, the OCS
issues a notification (810), and when the quota is consumed, the
PCRF makes the policy decision to lower the QoS (820). The
GGSN/PCEF applies the policy decision (830), which lowers the QoS
of the user data traffic (840). The signal flow of FIG. 8 does not
show all of the Diameter parameter details for simplicity of
illustration.
[0127] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a signal flow for a use
case in which a subscriber is redirected to a top-up page when his
quota has been consumed. FIG. 9 shows that when a threshold quota
is reached, the OCS issues a notification (910). When the quota is
consumed, the PCRF makes the policy decision to redirect the
subscriber to a top-up page (920), and the GGSN/PCEF redirects the
subscriber to the top-up page (930), and the user data traffic
continues to flow (940). The signal flow of FIG. 9 does not show
all of the Diameter parameter details for simplicity of
illustration.
[0128] Because the various Diameter interfaces above have many
options, the integration with one GGSN vendor may not be the same
as the integration with another. For each make and model of GGSN
and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), specific GGSN templates can
be used. These specific templates include only the parameters and
settings that have been proven against the corresponding make and
model of GGSN. In terms of Diameter interfaces, only the Access
Point Names (APNs) (i.e., the network addresses used to identify
one or more GGSNs) that have been proven for the PCRF/OCS and the
particular GGSN are used.
[0129] The CSP-integrated PCRF and OCS include an upwards-facing
API (also referred to as northbound-facing) and Java Message
Service (JMS) queue. These are used for passing usage information
and event information to the higher layers of CSP system 530 (FIG.
6) and for issuing instructions from higher layers towards the PCRF
and OCS. For example, a PCRF or equivalent instructs the GGSN/PCEF
as to the QoS to be applied for a subscriber and the usage to be
allowed. When the user has consumed a specific threshold, OCS or
equivalent notifies the PCRF or equivalent, which in turn queries
the recommendation engine to determine a recommendation to present
in a notification and offer to the subscriber. If the user reaches
100% of his allocated quota, then OCS informs the policy and rating
engine, which instructs the GGSN/PCEF to change the QoS to throttle
the user.
[0130] The use of CSP-integrated PCRF and OCS allows for fast time
to market and retains the full value proposition of the CSP
solution. However, the higher-layer functions of CSP can integrate
with any PCRF and OCS (e.g., an operator's own PCRF and OCS) that
can provide the required interfaces for notification and control of
the PCRF and OCS functions themselves.
[0131] As the PCRF and OCS may be tightly integrated with CSP
system 530, when a user selects a new plan, that plan can be
provisioned through the PCRF and OCS in real time. Thus, the
subscriber can be served immediately. It is necessary that the
other systems, such as customer care, within the IT infrastructure
are aware of the new plan being provisioned. For that reason, as
explained later, CSP system 530 interfaces to the operator's
provisioning/order entry system. In one embodiment, CSP system 530
may manage the provisioning/order entry of data service upgrades
with the CSP-integrated PCRF and OCS.
[0132] Integration with Messaging Gateway.
[0133] CSP system 530 (FIG. 6) can communicate with CDA 140, as
well as other devices if the operator so wishes, via a proprietary
or non-proprietary IP-based communication protocol, such as SMS,
Unstructured Supplementary Services Data (USSD), Apple.RTM. Push
Notification Service (APNS) for iOS devices, Android.RTM. Cloud
Device Messaging (ACDM) for Android.RTM. devices, and the like. SMS
can be used to wake up CDA 140 when needed. For example, SMS can be
sent to a consumer as an alert or notification when data usage
limit is reached, payment is overdue, or a promotion relevant to
the consumer is available. In one embodiment, the alert and
notification can be generated by network elements (such as PCRF/OCS
within either operator network 110 or CSP network 170), and
delivered to the consumer's CDA 140 by CSP system 530. In a
scenario where the operator wishes to recruit existing subscribers
to the use of CDA 140, CSP system 530 can use SMS to signal these
subscribers' devices with a link to download CDA 140.
[0134] In some embodiments, operators have SMSCs to forward text
messages to/from external systems. These SMSCs support protocols
such as SMPP or UCP. Some operators also use messaging gateways as
an interface to the external systems, thereby minimizing direct
connections from external systems to the SMSCs. These gateways also
support SMPP or UCP, and most also have other APIs that can be made
available. In alternative embodiments, the SMSCs may be part of CSP
system 530.
[0135] In some embodiments, CSP system 530 has built-in SMPP client
functionality. CSP system 530 can integrate with the operator's
messaging gateway 108 using SMPP. In one embodiment, a specific
short code can be assigned to CSP system 530 and that short code is
zero-rated. Thus, messages between CSP system 530 and the user
device will not be charged to the user's account.
CSP--Application Integration on a Wireless Communication Device
[0136] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of CSP device application
(CDA) 140 when used on a smartphone device. Although a smartphone
is shown, it is understood that CDA 140 can be run on cellular
device 100 (FIG. 1) such as a cellular telephone, a tablet
computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a video-camera, a
gaming device, a global positioning system (GPS), an e-Reader, a
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) device (i.e., an application-specific
telemetry device that collects data using sensors and transmits the
data to a destination such as a server over a network), a hybrid
device with a combination of any of the above functionalities, or
any other wireless mobile devices capable of sending and receiving
voice, data and text messages. CDA 140 serves as an interface
between the operator and the customer. CDA 140 receives information
from CSP system 530. CSP system 530, in turn, receives the
information from operator network 110, operator IT system 150, and
CSP network 170 (FIG. 1). CDA 140 can be operator branded and can
be built using a combination of multiple programming languages for
Web and Mobile technologies, e.g. C++, HTML5, Java, OS-specific
native application code, etc., and other mobile Web technologies.
CDA 140 is an application (or construct) that is resident and
accessed from the device. Customers can be given access to the
application in several ways; e.g., by pre-loading on new customer
devices at the device OEM, by downloading to existing devices using
a link to the appropriate application store, and/or accessed via a
mobile Web page sent to the customer.
[0137] While CDA 140 is a device-based application, a majority of
its data and experience (e.g., displayed layout and content) are
generated and served from CSP system 530. This provides the ability
to dynamically display and change elements of the experience
without pushing application updates to the user device. In one
embodiment, CDA 140 communicates with CSP system 530 over
Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), which uses multi-layer
authentication architecture to validate CDA 140, handset and user,
before allowing access to data and functions such as purchasing
upgrades. Alerts and notifications may be delivered to the user
device via SMS through the CSP-Messaging integration described
above, as well as through Mobile OS-specific notification methods;
e.g., APNS for iOS devices and ACDM for Android.RTM. devices.
[0138] In one embodiment, the recommendation engine (which is one
of CSP engines 122 in CSP system 530 shown in FIG. 6) is the CSP's
mechanism for creating real-time contextual offers. In the
embodiment shown, the recommendation engine analyzes the
information collected from CRM, CDRs, campaigns, and the like by
data mining and micro-segmentation. The customer micro-segmentation
allows an operator to target a certain segment of the subscribers
to make offers that are most relevant to those subscribers. The
recommendation can be made with respect to a number of factors of
contextual assessment, such as time in contract, loyalty status,
purchase history, value of customer, and data and time usage. The
recommendation engine creates or recommends real-time offers based
on results of customer profiling, as well as factors of the
contextual assessment and information received from PCRF, OCS and
CDRs. Thus, when a consumer's real-time usage reaches a limit and
receives a real-time alert, the offers that are created by the
recommendation engine and approved by the operator can be delivered
to the user device instantly. CDA 140 directly interacts with CSP
system 530. Via CDA 140, a consumer can choose one of the offered
options that are displayed on his device in a user-friendly format.
The chosen option can be provisioned to the user in real time and
feedback can be sent back to hosted service platform 120 in real
time.
[0139] FIGS. 11-15 illustrate examples of the functions provided by
CDA 140 according to embodiments of the invention. Referring to
FIG. 11, a series of screen displays of CDA 140 is shown in
connection with a top-up offer for data usage. Initially, a home
page (1100) provides a number of options, one of which is "My
Account." By selecting the usage tab in the My Account page, the
user's usage for voice, text message and data is displayed on the
user device (1101). The display shows the user's data usage is at
92% of the quota limit. Automatically or by user's selection, a
top-up offer page (1102) including multiple options is shown to the
user. Each option is an offer created by the recommendation engine
based on the contextual assessment described in connection with
FIG. 6, and approved by the operator. If the user selects one of
the options (1103), a purchase confirmation page (1104) will be
shown on the display. At that point, the usage page (1105) shows
that the user's quota has been increased and the data usage is now
at 81% of the quota limit.
[0140] The "My Account" feature allows a user to check his current
usage information whenever he wants to. If the user does not take
the initiative to check his current usage and limits, he can be
notified by alerts of situations that can lower his QoS or disable
his network connections. Alerts will be described with reference to
FIGS. 15A and 15B.
[0141] In one embodiment, the "My Account" feature also allows a
user to monitor the billing; e.g., the amount of money he spent on
network services before receiving a billing statement. For example,
if the user is roaming and incurring roaming charges, he can
monitor the amount of roaming charges in his account by clicking on
the "billing" tab on the top right corner.
[0142] Referring to FIG. 12, a series of screen displays of CDA 140
is shown in connection with a "Tell-a-Friend" feature. Initially, a
home page (1200) provides a number of options, one of which is
"Deals." The Deals page (1201) shows all of the currently available
deals relating to wireless communication services and devices. A
user can select a tab to filter the displayed result; for example,
deals offered by a particular provider, vendor or operator (1202).
A user can select a "Friends" tab (1203) to show the deals
recommended by his friends. By clicking into a particular offer
(1204), the user can make a purchase in real time or save the offer
for later consideration. A purchase confirmation page (1205) is
displayed when the user makes a purchase. The user can share the
information about this offer with his friend by clicking a soft
button "Send Message" to send a generic or personalized message
(1206).
[0143] Referring to FIG. 13, a series of screen displays of CDA 140
is shown in connection with a "Help" feature, which performs
diagnosis and provides help. In one embodiment, the diagnosis is
performed by the user's device, taking into account the information
collected by CSP system 530 from many data sources (e.g., PCRF,
OCS, CDRs, CRM, etc.). The diagnosis can be performed in the
following areas: the user's coverage, subscription, usage, payment,
roaming status, and the like. Initially, a home page (1300) shows
that all services are currently available. A user can select a
number of options, one of which is "Help," to explore more
information. Clicking into the help page (1301) automatically
activates a diagnostic function. In this example, the diagnostic
function finds that the user's payment is overdue. By clicking on
the diagnosed problem (payment), the user can go to a page
displaying payment options (1302). The user can make payment by
credit and debit cards (1303 and 1304). A purchase confirmation is
shown after the payment is accepted (1305).
[0144] As shown in the example above, the "Help" feature not only
discovers a problem, but also provides a resolution to the problem
in a user-friendly way. In another scenario, a user may find out
from the diagnosis that he does not have coverage. This diagnosed
problem (coverage) can re-direct him to one or more proposed
solutions, such as moving down the road 10 miles or purchasing an
upgrade to the network coverage.
[0145] FIG. 14 illustrates an example in which a connection problem
is automatically detected without the user proactively running the
diagnostic function. In this example, the top panel of the display
shows that a connection problem has been detected (1400). The user
can click a "Fix Now" soft button and see a list of questions that
are relevant to the detected problem (1401). The user can select
one of the questions to find more information; e.g., the user's
current status that is relevant to the cause of the detected
problem (1402). In this scenario, a voice test is recommended. The
user can run the voice test to test his/her voice connection (1403
and 1404). For example, the user device can send a message to
request a voice network component in the operator network to call
the user device. If a problem is found, the user can choose whether
to report the problem to the operator (1405). If the user chooses
to report the problem, a report confirmation page (1406) is
displayed. In other scenarios, the user can run a data connection
test or a messaging test to request a data server or a messaging
server in the operator network to call the user device. This "Help"
feature is another example of a contextual action that provides a
clear path towards resolution of an issue that a user current
has.
[0146] FIG. 15A illustrates an example of a "User Alert" feature.
In this example, when a user reaches his quota limit, the top panel
of the display shows an alert and a top-up offer (1500). The alert
may show that the user has exceeded his usage threshold but is
still within the quota limit, or that the user has reached the
quota limit. The user can select a top-up offer from the top panel
without clicking into deeper levels of the menu (1501), or review
more plan upgrade options. After the user selects the top-up offer
and makes the purchase, a purchase confirmation page is displayed
(1502). As described in connection with FIG. 6, the top-up offer
and upgrade options can be created by the recommendation engine
based on contextual assessment of the user's unique situation, and
approved by the operator.
[0147] FIG. 15B illustrates an example of a "Roaming Alert"
feature. In this example, a user roams into another network (or
another area) but his plan does not support such roaming. The
display shows an alert and a number of options (1530). The user can
select any of the options to enable the roaming (1531). Each option
is an offer created by the recommendation engine based on the
contextual assessment described in connection with FIG. 6, and
approved by the operator. After the user selects one of the options
and makes the purchase, a purchase confirmation page is displayed
(1532).
[0148] FIG. 15C illustrates an example of a device display screen
1550 that allows a subscriber to enter a code as described
before.
CSP--IT Integration
[0149] Referring again to FIG. 6, in one embodiment, CSP system 530
integrates with four functions of operator IT system 150 in the
areas of CRM/care 610, provisioning/order entry 620,
billing/payments 630 and reporting/DWH 640. CSP system 530
integrates with each of the four areas through a corresponding
interface. The CRM interface supports rating, policy and offer
management, campaign management and customer management and care.
The provisioning/order entry interface enables the activation of
selected services within the operator systems. The billing
interface allows usage information to be shared with CSP system
530. Thus, a user can see his up-to-the-minute usage via CDA 140
without having to contact customer care. The reporting interface
makes available the CSP-generated reports to all necessary
functions within the operator.
[0150] The CSP experience provides both the consumer and the
operator a number of self-service tools that can be used anytime
and anywhere to manage their services. For the consumer, CSP system
530 offers the ability to see, select and purchase new services, as
well as perform account management and self-support activities,
such as account balance inquires, payment method changes; all from
their smartphones (or another wireless communication device) and
all in real time.
[0151] For the operator, CSP system 530 provides a suite of tools
that enables the creation and management of all of the services and
experiences received by the customer. For example, the operator's
CRM system 610 can integrate with CSP system 530 to provide details
on offers and services that CSP system 530 can recommend to the
customer as upsells or standard sales offers, to view current
account balances and usage, manage payments and to provide
diagnostics to assist the user with self-service resolution of
common support issues. CSP system 530 can also integrate with the
operator's reporting and data warehouse systems 640 to provide
financial, marketing and management reporting.
[0152] In one embodiment, integration between CSP system 530 and
operator IT system 150 is based upon the availability of interfaces
to selected systems and/or groups of systems. As CSP system 530
uses a model that abstracts its interfaces to the operator platform
using an adaptation layer, these interfaces can vary from
standards-based Web services APIs to secure file transfers.
[0153] In one embodiment, the interfaces enable not only the
integration of CSP system 530 with operator IT system 150, but also
the ability for an operator to manage its marketing campaign,
offers, pricing, billing and customer care in an integrated
environment. In one embodiment, this integrated environment is
presented to the operator via CSP operator Web applications 154.
CSP operator Web applications 154 may be run on a computer in the
control center of operator IT system 150.
[0154] FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a screen display of CSP
operator Web applications (e.g., CSP operator Web applications 154
of FIG. 6). In this embodiment, the screen display includes a top
panel that shows alerts and status 1601 and campaign results 1605.
Alerts and status 1601 allows an operator (or more specifically,
the administrators at the operator side) to communicate with each
other with respect to the latest updates and status of operator
network 110 and operator IT system 150 (FIG. 6). In one embodiment,
the main panel of the display is divided into three regions: Create
Offers and Policy 1602, View Customer Activity 1603 and Manage
Communications 1604. Each of the three regions includes a number of
task modules 1610-1618 that allow the administrators to perform
specific tasks. The backend of task modules 1610-1618 is CSP system
530, or more specifically, CSP engines 122 (FIG. 6). When an
operator clicks on any of task modules 1610-1618, the operator can
be provided with templates and data that are generated by one or
more CSP engines 122. CSP engines 122 generate the templates and
data based on the information obtained from operator network 110
and operator IT system 150 (FIG. 6). In one embodiment, access to
these task modules 1610 can be role-based; that is, an
administrator with a marketing role may be able to access only a
subset of task modules 1610-1618 while an administrator with a
manager role may be able to access all of task modules
1610-1618.
[0155] In one embodiment, some of the task modules, such as pricing
workstation 1610 and offers workstation 1611, allow the
administrators to create offers and set pricing. In one embodiment,
CSP system 530 can provide offers and pricing templates for the
operator to fill in the details. Through subscriber portal 1612, an
operator can design subscriber's on-device experience, also using
the templates provided by CSP system 530. These templates allow the
operator to set a pricing plan and package the pricing plan into an
offer associated with a policy. The pricing, offer and policy are
sent to CSP system 530 to allow CSP system 530 to deliver the right
offers with the right pricing to the right subscribers at the right
time. CSP system 530 can also provide other templates that can be
used by the operator with a click on any of task modules
1610-1618.
[0156] In one embodiment, an operator can view the details (e.g.,
activities and history) about subscribers through the task module
of subscriber details 1613, and perform operations on their
accounts; e.g., activate or deactivate the accounts, change offers,
apply promotions and other account administrative tasks. Custom
alerts 1614 allow administrators of the operator to configure rules
for alert-triggering events. These alerts may be accompanied by
automated response to specific events for resolving the condition
causing the alerts. The task module of reports 1615 allows the
operator to review and analyze subscriber and financial data. For
example, the operator can run a report to find out when a
particular offer or a particular group of offers have reached a set
market share or set usage.
[0157] In one embodiment, an operator can design campaigns to send
offers and incentives to specific subscribers using campaign center
1616. In one embodiment, the offers and incentives can be delivered
to CDA 140 on the user device via CSP system 530 (FIG. 6). In one
embodiment, CSP system 530 can provide campaign templates for the
operator to determine the specific details of campaigns. For
example, the operator can decide on a plan and the recommendation
engine of CSP system 530 can recommend a segment of subscribers to
whom this plan should be offered. Alternatively, the operator can
decide on a segment of subscribers and the recommendation engine
can recommend a plan to offer to these subscribers.
[0158] In one embodiment, an operator can use customer alerts 1617
to set up an alert for specific subscribers and the rules
associated with the alert. The alert can be displayed on the user
device to allow a subscriber to take remedial action; e.g., to
accept a top-up offer that is delivered with the alert to the
subscriber. In one embodiment, the task module of analytics 1618 is
backed by the recommendation engine of CSP system 530. Analytics
1618 allows the operator to identify trends and opportunities based
on the subscribers' behavior and campaign results. For example, if
the subscriber reaches his usage limit for the first time,
analytics 1618 can recommend a top-up offer (which is valid only
for this current billing cycle). If this is the fifth time within a
five-month period that the subscriber has reached the threshold,
analytics 1618 can recommend an upgrade offer such that the
subscriber can switch to an upgraded plan and receive a higher
quota limit every billing cycle.
[0159] As mentioned before, the integration of CSP system 530 and
operator IT system 150 (FIG. 6) enables the functionality of CSP
operator Web applications 154 described above. The following
describes this integration with respect to CRM/care 610,
provisioning/order entry 620, billing/payments 630 and
reporting/DWH 640 (FIG. 6).
[0160] CRM Integration.
[0161] FIG. 17A is an overview of CRM integration according to one
embodiment of the invention. Referring also to FIG. 6, CSP system
530 includes a CSP CRM API 1700, which interacts with operator IT
system 150 to manage or recommend strategies for CRM and care.
Through CSP CRM API 1700, the operator's CRM system 610 is fed with
usage and diagnostic data from CSP system 530, and CSP system 530
pulls customers profile information and updates from the CRM system
610. In one embodiment, CSP system 530 integrates with the
operator's CRM system 610 in the following areas: Rating, Policy
and Offer Management; Campaign Management; and Customer Management
and Care.
[0162] CRM Integration Area (I): Rating, Policy and Offer
Management (Product Catalog).
[0163] Through the integrated rating, policy and offer management
functions, CSP system 530 provides the operator a powerful set of
tools to create, edit, approve and manage rate plans and policy
actions for consumers. As the front-end interface to an integrated
OCS and PCRF facility, CSP's Pricing and Offers engines (e.g., CSP
engine 122 of FIG. 6) integrate with the operator's Product and
Policy Catalog to pull current offers and create new offers and
policy rules.
[0164] Depending on the nature of the product deployment, CSP
system 530 can replicate offers currently in the operator's product
catalog, create and push offers to the operator, or act as the
master product catalog for rating. In all of these three cases, CSP
CRM API 1700 provides proper synchronization between CSP system 530
and operator IT system 150, as well as ensuring availability of
offers and policies. CSP CRM API 1700 allows CSP system 530 to
access and pull offers. CSP CRM API 1700 also facilitates a
submit/approve/publish method to push offers to the operator.
[0165] Through CSP CRM API 1700, CSP system 530 pulls all
applicable offers, catalog rules, offer parameters and policy
descriptions into an easy-to-use, self-service user interface that
the operator's marketing personnel can use to quickly create new
offers and promotions. In practice, the process to create and
approve an offer touches many internal operator departments and may
need some level of internal coordination and process to accomplish.
To properly engage with and manage this need, CSP system 530 has an
integrated approval workflow to prevent the use of these offers and
policies until they are reviewed and approved by the appropriate
operator-designated personnel. Once approved, the offers and
policies can be pushed to the operator using CSP CRM API 1700 or a
similar API.
[0166] A sample product catalog/rating/policy template is shown
below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sample (Basic Offer) Product Catalog
Template Catalog Area Field Name Description Identification Offer
Code Operator's offer code used to identify the offer to CRM and
other systems Offer Friendly Name Name of the offer that will be
presented in the CDA Applicable Service Type(s) Service Type that
this offer is applicable to (voice, data, etc.)
Effective/Expiration When offer can be used/stops being offered
Date(s) Compatible Offer Code(s) Codes of offers that are
compatible (allowed to be purchased) with this offer Allowed
payment types Payment types (debit, credit card, prepaid) allowed
for plan purchase Rates Primary Rating Type First rating scheme as
applicable to service type (by units of usage, time, destination,
etc.) Rating Amount Amount charged for rated usage Secondary Rating
Type Additional rating scheme as applicable to service type (by
units of usage, time, destination, etc.) Rating Amount Amount
charged for rated usage Policy Policy Conditions Selected policy
conditions, e.g. throttle, redirect, notify Policy Actions
Parameter and action when policy condition is met Type of Offer
Standard offer, upsell or both.
[0167] In case an API is not or cannot be made available, a manual
synchronization process can be used to perform the actions that
would be taken by the API. In this manual approach, the operator
uses the CSP Pricing and Offer engines to create and publish the
appropriate offers and policies. A key to success in this approach
will be the creation of business processes that govern the speed
and frequency of updates.
[0168] FIG. 17B illustrates an example of an operation sequence
that allows offers created by CSP system 530 to be modeled and
managed in the operator's product catalog. In one embodiment, CSP
system 530 creates an offer/policy template (or zero-rated offer)
(1701). CSP system 530 then submits that offer/policy to the
operator for approval (1702). CSP CRM API 1700 publishes the
offer/policy to the operator (1703). Upon receipt of the
offer/policy, operator IT system 150 creates shell offer code and
description (e.g., by associating the parameters of that offer
(Offer Code, etc.) to the CSP-created offer) (1704). Operator IT
system 150 then propagates the offer/policy to downstream systems
(1705). Thus, all downstream systems that are fed from the product
catalog (Care, Finance, Reporting, etc.) receive information and
updates during the normal course of business. Through CSP CRM API
1700, operator IT system 150 also publishes the approval to CSP
system 530 (1706). Upon receipt of the operator's approval (1707),
CSP system 530 makes the offer/policy available for use by the
customers (1708).
[0169] CRM Integration Area (II): Campaign Management.
[0170] In one embodiment, CSP system 530 includes Customer Alerts
and Campaign engines (e.g., one or more of CSP engines 122 of FIG.
6), which use offers generated by the Pricing and Offer engines
(e.g., one or more of CSP engines 122 of FIG. 6) to provide
customers with automated and operator-generated upsell offers. The
Customer Alerts engine allows the operator personnel to create and
set automated alerts that provide customers notification of key
lifecycle events, e.g. reaching a usage threshold, approaching a
bill cycle date, accessing a non-included service such as roaming.
Included in these alerts can be contextually relevant upsell offers
that allow the customer to continue using services. The Campaign
engine allows the operator's marketing personnel to either use
CSP's integrated recommendations engine (one of CSP engines 122
shown in FIG. 6) to identify targeted lists of customers for
receiving promotions, or to upload a pre-segmented list.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Integrations Supporting Campaign Management
Required Function Description Addressed in Integration Area Usage
data Provides campaign analytics and Network recommendation
Notifications Sends SMS messages to customers that have received a
campaign Service offers and Offers that have been approved for use
Rating and Policy (Product upsells as campaigns and upsells
Catalog) Opt-In Customer's preference to receive alerts, Customer
Profile notifications and campaigns from the Operator
Personalization Information to create a more personal campaign as
well as validate that the campaign is sent to the right consumer
Report and Source In the case that the Operator uses their Data
Warehouse Data own pre-segmented list of target customers.
[0171] CRM Integration Area (III): Customer Management--Customer
Profile.
[0172] CSP system 530 is designed to address the sensitivity of the
operator's customer data and the number of regulatory and legal
issues. Integration between CSP system 530 and the operator's CRM
customer profile is needed to enable several functions:
authentication of CDA 140, personalization of offers and alerts,
and knowledge of customer offers for recommendations and account
management. In all cases, CSP system 530 looks to the operator's
CRM system 610 as the master record for all customer data.
[0173] To protect end-customer data, all of the end-customer data
is stored within the CSP customer database and managed in a manner
that enables it to be secure and auditable at all times. Any
changes made to the customer data are tracked using an audit trail
that can be made available for reports, audits, etc. In addition,
the CSP data centers can be deployed in specific geographical
locations to accommodate data security, privacy and location
requirements.
[0174] The integration that is required to store and update this
data inside CSP system 530 can be accomplished using an API (e.g.,
CSP CRM API 1700 of FIG. 17A) that enables data to be pulled from
the operator's CRM system 610 using a commonly used and relatively
unchanged key. In one embodiment, the key can be the International
Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) followed by the Mobile Station
International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN). Depending on
the nature of the product deployment, customers may be allowed to
update their data through the CDA 140, e.g. change billing methods,
addresses, etc. In this case, the same approach is recommended to
update customer data inside the operator's systems.
[0175] Since the customer profile data feeds CSP's customer
database and contains all of the customer's current plan
information, the CRM integration also enables changes made outside
of CSP system 530 to be reflected in the CDA 140 and CSP system
530. Thus, any changes to rating or policy parameters can be
properly synchronized between CSP system 530 and the operator. To
that end, changes made within the operator's customer care and/or
retail ordering systems are pushed (recommended) or pulled
periodically from the operator's CRM system 610 to CSP system 530.
The CRM integration allows CSP system 530 to be constantly
up-to-date with the operator's systems. In one embodiment, the API
(e.g., CSP CRM API 1700 of FIG. 17A) allows customer data to be
rapidly accessed and updated. This is necessary because customer
profile data is used in the display of account management
functions, as well as a key input into the CSP recommendations
engine.
[0176] In one embodiment, CSP system 530 uses the following
information in the customer profile for CRM integration:
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Customer Profile Fields and CSP Functions
that Use These Fields Field Name Description Authentication
Recommendation AccountMgt IMSI Customer's IMSI x MSISDN Customer's
phone x number Customer Name Customer's billing x x name Billing
Account the Operator's x x Number billing account for customer
Contract Date Original contract x x (tenure) date or tenure of
customer Current Plan Type Prepaid or x x postpaid Current Voice
Plan Current plan x x Current Data Plan x x Current Messaging x x
Plan Current "other" Plan Current non- x x mobile or other service
plan Bill Cycle Date Postpaid bill cycle x x date or prepaid
expiration date Previous Voice Plan Most recent x x Previous Data
Plan changed plan x x Previous Messaging x x Plan Previous "other"
x x Plan IMEI/Device Type Device type x x identifier or IMEI - the
latter is preferred Opt-In Status Customer's x election to receive
notifications Campaign Opt-In Customer's x Status election to
receive campaigns and promotions Current campaign Campaign x
customer is currently attached to (if any)
[0177] CRM Integration Area (VI): Customer Management--Customer
Care.
[0178] CSP system 530 has a number of customer management
capabilities that can be useful to the operator's customer care and
customer management teams.
[0179] In one embodiment, CSP system 530 does not directly push
data into the operator's CRM system 610. Rather, it assumes that
integrations are already in place within the operator's
infrastructure to pass information, for example, from the product
catalog, provisioning/ordering and similar systems to the CRM
system 610. If a direct push integration to the CRM system is
necessary, CSP system 530 can provide information via an API to the
CRM system 610 on a per-event or time-basis.
[0180] In one embodiment, CSP system 530 can, via an API, allow the
operator's CRM system 610 to provide diagnostic, current offer and
current usage data. Since CSP system 530 is both the rating and
policy management engine, a customer current usage and policy
status, e.g. throttled or not throttled can be made available to
the CRM system 610. One key component of the CSP system 530 is the
ability to push advanced service and network-level diagnostics to
the handset and provide the user timely and actionable feedback to
solve issues.
[0181] While one of the key attributes of the CSP system 530 and
CDA is the ability to allow a customer to perform a majority of
account management and self-support issues, it may be unavoidable
that sometimes the customer will call customer care. When the
customer does call customer care, the customer care agent (or a
technical support representative) can, via the API, pull diagnostic
information into their normal systems and provide assistance to the
customer. In the case where the CRM system cannot integrate to an
external data source, CSP system 530 can be setup to
launch-in-context (LIC) along with the customer care
representative's existing tools.
[0182] Provisioning/Order Entry Integration.
[0183] Prior to the description of provisioning/order entry
integration, it is useful to differentiate between order management
and provisioning/order entry functions. Order management functions
aggregate customer selections for offers, payment methods and any
other updates and pass that information to a provisioning/order
entry system that allows access to those ordered services on the
network.
[0184] Since CSP system 530 may be the master rating and policy
engine, it can enable access to the selected services and then
integrate with the order management system to feed data to
downstream systems, e.g. care, reporting and CRM. This integration
assumes the existence of interfaces between the order management
and related downstream systems (e.g., CRM and reporting) to manage
activities such as customer activation, service changes, device
changes and updating financial and marketing reports.
[0185] FIG. 18A is an overview of provisioning/order entry
integration according to one embodiment of the invention. Referring
also to FIG. 6, CSP system 530 includes a CSP provisioning/order
entry API 1800, which interacts with operator IT system 150 to
manage service provisioning/order entry. In one embodiment, CSP
provisioning/order entry API 1800 defines service offer codes
(SOCs) for offers that are applicable to one or more customers.
When the customer selects an offer, CSP system 530 provisions the
selected service against the SOC code. The selected offer is then
propagated to other systems (e.g., CRM and billing). Through CSP
provisioning/order entry API 1800, CSP system 530 can be notified
of changes to customer profile, and CSP-created offers can be
pushed to the product catalog.
[0186] In one embodiment, CSP system 530 is provided with the
appropriate identifiers for all available provisioned services.
These codes (and associated parameters) are known as service offer
codes (SOC) and can be used by CSP system 530 to inform the
provisioning/order entry system to allow a customer access to their
selected offers. For data services, CSP system 530 can provision
service access on its integrated PCRF based upon the customer's
selections, and submit, via CSP provisioning/order entry API 1800,
the appropriate SOC, any relevant parameters and a customer
identifier (IMSI or MSISDN) directly to the provisioning/order
entry system for fulfillment. In parallel, CSP system 530 can send
the same information via a Web services interface to the operator's
order management system for further processing and population of
downstream systems. In an alternative embodiment, the operator can
choose to provision its PCRF with the same information as CSP
system 530.
[0187] FIG. 18B illustrates an example of an operation sequence
that provisions the offers selected by customers. In one
embodiment, CSP system 530 validates offer rules and restriction
(1801), and signals CDA 140 to display offers (1802). When the
customer selects an offer (1803), CDA 140 captures the offer and
order information (1804). In response, CSP system 530 enables
access to selected services (1805). At this point, CSP system 530
generates and sends the order to operator IT system 150 via an API
(e.g., CSP provisioning/order entry API 1901) (1806), and in
parallel, signals CDA 140 to display service confirmation (1810).
When operator IT system 150 receives the order from CSP system 530
(1807), it updates CRM and customer profile (1808) as well as
downstream systems (1809). After CDA 140 displays service
confirmation (1810), the customer can start using the selected
services (1811). CDA 140 can further display updated details in My
Account (e.g., the My Account feature shown in FIG. 11).
[0188] CSP system 530 also offers the ability to offer and
provision other mobile (voice, messaging) and non-mobile services
(DSL, insurance) that are not rated by CSP system 530. In this
case, CSP system 530 can, using the same mechanisms noted above,
provide the provisioning/order entry and ordering systems the
appropriate SOC (or equivalent) code, allowing the appropriate
network elements (e.g., HLRs) and IT platforms (CRM) to be updated.
To that end, all of the products and services offered by the
operator need to be provided to CSP system 530, placed in the
product catalog and synchronized.
[0189] In one embodiment, an offer to a customer may be embodied in
a transmission of a promotional code from CSP system 530 to the CDA
of the mobile device of the customer. The promotional code would
enable the customer to acquire a new mobile device with a new SIM
such as, for example, a new or upgraded smart phone. The customer
may acquire the new smart phone and SIM via an operator storefront
or the operator may choose to send the smart phone with SIM
directly to the customer via the mail. Upon acquiring the new smart
phone, the customer simply enters the code via the CDA GUI to
automatically activate and provision the smart phone with the
customer's existing profile.
[0190] In the case where the customer is ready to use the new
device and SIM, the operator's provisioning system provisions the
SIM data against the subscriber record in the subscriber database,
and also provisions the device with subscriber-specific settings as
needed. Provisioning the device settings may be done through an
Over-The-Air Channel to the device. Specific device settings may
include devices settings for data access (e.g. APN), specific
operator short codes for premium SMS services, voice mail numbers,
customer care number, contact address book, subscriber profile for
email access, iTunes.RTM. profile, customized browser settings,
ringtone settings, etc.
[0191] Embodiments of the invention allow a given user to use any
device and SIM and have that device and SIM combination be
provisioned to provide all of that subscriber's services. In one
embodiment the device may even be "borrowed" from a second
subscriber. The subscriber may enter a specific code to the device,
which indicates that the device and its embedded SIM are to be
provisioned to provide all of the services that the subscriber has
subscribed to. The specific code includes an identifier for the
subscriber, such as a telephone number, account number, social
security number or other subscriber identifier.
[0192] An example of a device display screen 1550 that allows a
subscriber to enter a code is shown in FIG. 15C. The specific code
may include parameters associated with the usage of the device and
SIM by the subscriber. For example, the code may limit the user to
the usage of the device and SIM for only a specific period of time,
after which the device and SIM revert to their previous provisioned
state. In another embodiment, the specific code may limit the usage
of the SIM and device to only a specific location or geographic
area. For example, a user may be able to use a device and SIM with
his own subscription and services only within a Mobile Network
Operator retail outlet in a try-before-you buy scenario.
[0193] As previously noted, CSP system 530 receives information
about a customer's current services and selections from the
customer profile database. If a change is made to the customer's
plans or services via the Care or Retail system, these changes and
their associated provisioning/order entry changes are sent to CSP
system 530.
[0194] Billing Integration.
[0195] In one embodiment, CSP system 530 integrates with the
operator's billing system in the following areas: Rating of Data
Usage, Self-Service Account Management and Risk Management and
Payment.
[0196] FIG. 19 is an overview of billing integration according to
one embodiment of the invention. Referring also to FIG. 6, CSP
system 530 of FIG. 6 includes a CSP billing API 1900, which
interacts with operator IT system 150 to manage billing and
payments. In one embodiment, through CSP billing API 1900, CSP
system 530 pushes rated data CDRs to billing/mediation system, and
billing/mediation system pushes rated voice and SMS to CSP system
530. CSP system 530 is integrated for credit/debit processing. CSP
system 530 can push payment details to operator's billing/mediation
system. The operator's billing system does tax, invoice and
collection.
[0197] Billing Integration Area (I): Rating of Data Usage.
[0198] In one embodiment, a CSP-integrated OCS can be used to rate
data usage for customers that are managed by CSP system 530. The
rates and policies used by the OCS can be stored and managed by CSP
system 530.
[0199] In one embodiment, CSP system 530 can rate usage and
calculate charges on a per session basis. Depending on the nature
of the product deployment, CSP system 530 can either store,
aggregate and format usage into an invoice-ready format, or send
rated, per-session usage to the operator's CRM or other system. If
the former, CSP system 530 can provide the invoice-ready data feeds
to a mutually agreed sFTP site for the operator to pick up and
include into its billing process a set number of days prior to the
close of the billing cycle.
[0200] In the latter option, CSP system 530 can post, on a
per-session basis, aggregated usage including the customer
identifier (IMSI or MSISDN), plan code and total usage. In one
embodiment, this integration will be managed through the use of an
API (e.g., CSP billing API 1900) that can directly feed the
operator billing system. A known analogue to this type of
integration is one where a third party provides a "bill on behalf
of" service to an operator. In this case, CSP system 530 will be
charging data usage on behalf of the operator and providing that
rated usage for use by downstream financial systems (e.g.,
taxation) as well as CRM and reporting systems. If an API cannot be
made available, these data can be posted to a sFTP site.
[0201] Billing Integration Area (II): Self Service Account
Management.
[0202] A key feature of the CDA 140 is the ability for the customer
to view, in real time, current service usage. In an embodiment
where CSP system 530 is rating data and the operator is rating
voice and SMS, it is necessary to integrate with the operator's
usage management systems to get rated and/or aggregated usage for
those services. Depending on the operator system that sources this
data, a push API or sFTP file transfer can be used to get these
data. A key factor in determining how to perform this integration
is how fast the usage information can be made available via the
interface. If there is a delay greater than a pre-defined time
period (e.g., 15 minutes between usage completion and CDR
delivery), a secondary method may be used to enable the "real-time"
nature of the CDA 140 account management function. In this case,
the customer profile integration may be a candidate to pull
current, aggregated usage.
[0203] Billing Integration Area (III): Risk Management and
Payment.
[0204] Depending on the nature of the product deployment, CSP
system 530 can also integrate with the operator's risk management
and payment systems. The integration with these services is highly
dependent on the service used and where it sits within the operator
infrastructure. The ideal integration with CSP system 530 is to use
an existing interface, e.g. the customer profile to determine the
risk score for a customer and use that along with the catalog rules
sourced from the product catalog integration to determine payment
risk.
[0205] In addition, CSP system 530 can, as part of the order
management and provisioning/order entry transaction, send a payment
type and payment details. This is necessary if the operator wants
to enable prepaid or credit card payments for services purchased
via CDA 140. In this case, the integration is also highly dependent
on the target system and its location within the operator
infrastructure. Typically, CSP system 530 can interface with but
does not actually store or process any payments.
[0206] Data Warehouse/Business Intelligence Integration.
[0207] FIG. 20 is an overview of data warehouse integration
according to one embodiment of the invention. Referring also to
FIG. 6, CSP system 530 of FIG. 6 includes a CSP reporting API 2000,
which interacts with operator IT system 150 to manage data
warehouse. In one embodiment, through CSP reporting API 2000, CSP
system 530 can push reports to operator IT system 150 using a sFTP
interface or a similar interface. The sFTP interface can be over
the Internet. In some embodiments, a Virtual Private Network (VPN)
can be used for additional security.
[0208] In some embodiments, CSP system 530 provides over twenty
reports for use by an operator, such as daily subscriber report,
usage detail reports, reports on charges of all kinds, and the
like. Reports can be generated daily and/or monthly, and delivered
to the operator.
[0209] Thus, a method, system and apparatus for a Core Service
Platform (CSP) has been described. It is to be understood that the
techniques shown in the figures can be implemented using code and
data stored and executed on one or more electronic devices (e.g.,
an end station, a network element, etc.). Such electronic devices
store and communicate (internally and/or with other electronic
devices over a network) code and data using non-transitory
machine-readable or computer-readable media, such as non-transitory
machine-readable or computer-readable storage media (e.g., magnetic
disks; optical disks; random access memory; read only memory; flash
memory devices; and phase-change memory). In addition, such
electronic devices typically include a set of one or more
processors coupled to one or more other components, such as one or
more storage devices, user input/output devices (e.g., a keyboard,
a touch screen, and/or a display), and network connections. The
coupling of the set of processors and other components is typically
through one or more busses and bridges (also termed as bus
controllers). The storage devices represent one or more
non-transitory machine-readable or computer-readable storage media
and non-transitory machine-readable or computer-readable
communication media. Thus, the storage device of a given electronic
device typically stores code and/or data for execution on the set
of one or more processors of that electronic device. Of course, one
or more parts of an embodiment of the invention may be implemented
using different combinations of software, firmware, and/or
hardware.
Provisioning of Subscriber Identifications to Wireless Terminals in
Wireless Networks
[0210] A system and method for provisioning a subscriber
identification to a wireless terminal in a wireless network is
disclosed. A control center (in which one or more control servers
are located) receives transmission from a wireless network. The
transmission indicates that a wireless terminal is roaming outside
its home network. The control center provisions a new subscriber
identification to the wireless terminal, where the subscriber
identification is selected based at least in part on the
identification of the visited wireless network in which the
wireless terminal is roaming and a server database that provides
prescribed subscriber identification(s) for a given visited
network. Using the newly-provisioned subscriber identification, the
wireless terminal acquires wireless service from the serving
wireless network as a local wireless terminal or as a different
visiting wireless terminal based on the server's prescription of
subscriber identity for the particular visited network. The
wireless terminal can operate as a local wireless terminal for that
network, or for a network with which the home network of the new
subscriber identity has a preferred relationship. The wireless
terminal can acquire telecommunications service as a local or
visiting terminal by using a stored set of authentication
key-subscriber identification that is specific to the network it is
operating in or the home network of the new subscriber identity. In
various embodiments, the wireless terminal can operate as a local
or visiting terminal by receiving or downloading a specific set of
authentication key-subscriber identification, or by receiving or
downloading a subscriber identification to pair with an existing
authentication key.
[0211] FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless system. In
the example shown, the wireless system includes a plurality of
wireless terminals, represented in FIG. 21 by wireless terminal
2100, a plurality of wireless network base stations, represented by
wireless network base stations 2104, wireless network center 2106,
Home Location Register/Authentication Center (HLR/AuC) 2108, and
provisioning server 2110 capable of provisioning the wireless
terminals. Although only one wireless network center 2106 is shown,
it is understood that the wireless system can include multiple
wireless network centers 2106. Each wireless network center 2106
includes, or is associated with, a HLR, a Mobile Switching
Center/Visitor Location Register (MSC/VLR), a Short Message Service
Center (SMSC), and a Serving GPRS Service Node (SGSN), or Packet
Data Serving Node (PDSN). In one embodiment, the multiple wireless
centers 2106 may be operated by different network carriers, while
HLR/AuC 2108 and provisioning server 2110 are operated by a global
platform provider i.e., a control center. Wireless terminal 2100
includes a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) which is either an
attachable hardware card with a memory and a processor or a
software object embedded in the wireless terminal. Wireless
terminal 2100 communicates with wireless network base stations 2104
using wireless signal 2102. As a wireless terminal moves around it
communicates with different wireless base stations. Wireless
network base stations 2104 communicate with wireless network center
2106.
[0212] Communications from a wireless terminal are passed to
another wireless terminal over the same wireless network using a
local wireless network base station to the other wireless terminal
or the communications are carried by a wired network or other
wireless network to the destination terminal. Wireless network
center 2106 communicates with its associated HLR, where sets of
authentication key-subscriber identification are stored, to help in
authenticating a wireless terminal that is acquiring wireless
network service. One example of a subscriber identification is an
international mobile subscriber identifier (IMSI). Wireless network
center 106 and its associated HLR communicate with provisioning
server 2110 to enable a wireless terminal to acquire a new
subscriber identification over the air (OTA) that is paired with an
existing authentication key and/or a new set of authentication
key-subscriber identification. In some embodiments the transmission
of the authentication key or the authentication key-subscriber
identification is encrypted. In various embodiments, the
authentication key or the authentication key-subscriber
identification is/are decrypted at the wireless terminal and/or in
the SIM card. The old authentication key-new subscriber
identification pair and/or the new set of authentication
key-subscriber identification are added in the appropriate manner
to the HLR/AuC 108 databases or the HLR databases associated with
wireless network centers 2106 so that the wireless terminal can be
authenticated and can acquire wireless network service using the
new subscriber identification and/or authentication key set. In
various embodiments, the wireless network system is a cellular
system, a GSM/GPRS wireless system, a CDMA or WCDMA wireless
system, or a TDMA wireless system, or any other type of wireless
network system.
[0213] FIG. 22A illustrates an example of authentication data
structures in one embodiment. In some embodiments, the
authentication data structure for a wireless terminal is located in
the SIM, and for the network in the HLR/AuC such as HLR/Auc 2108 of
FIG. 21 or the HLR associated with wireless network centers 2106.
An authentication data structure (ADS) for a wireless terminal
includes an authentication key (AK) and one or more subscriber
identifications (SI) and is used to help authenticate a wireless
terminal for a wireless network. In the example shown, the ADS for
wireless terminal 1 includes one authentication key and one
subscriber identification. The ADS for wireless terminal 2 includes
one authentication key and three subscriber identifications. The
ADS for wireless terminal N includes one authentication key and two
subscriber identifications. The ADS for network includes the
authentication key-subscriber identification entries for each of
the wireless terminals. Entries for wireless terminal 1, 2, and N
are shown. In some embodiments, there are more than one
authentication keys where each authentication key has multiple
subscriber identifications.
[0214] FIG. 22B illustrates an example of authentication data
structures in another embodiment. Authentication data structure
(ADS) for a wireless terminal includes a Ki and one or more IMSI's.
In the example shown, the ADS for wireless terminal 1 includes one
Ki and one IMSI. The ADS for wireless terminal 2 includes one Ki
and three IMSI's. The ADS for wireless terminal N includes one Ki
and two IMSI's. The ADS for HLR/AuC includes the Ki-IMSI entries
for each of the wireless terminals. Entries for wireless terminal
1, 2, and N are shown.
[0215] FIG. 23 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for acquiring wireless service from a wireless network. In
some embodiments, the process of FIG. 23 is implemented on a
wireless terminal such as wireless terminal 2100 in FIG. 21. In the
example shown, in 2300 a wireless signal is received from a
wireless network. A wireless terminal receives wireless signals
from a nearby network base station. In 2302, a network
identification is decoded from the wireless signal. The wireless
signal includes a mobile network identification. For example, the
wireless terminal scans for the existing wireless system signals.
When it finds a network system broadcast control channel (e.g. BCCH
in GSM Systems), it decodes the broadcasted information to decode
the Location Area Identifier (LAI). The LAI is composed of a mobile
country code, a mobile network code and a location area code. From
the LAI, the wireless terminal can determine the country in which
it is operating. In 2304, a subscriber identification is selected
based on the decoded network identification. For example, LAI
information can be matched with the subscriber identification of
the wireless terminal, which includes a mobile country code, a
mobile network code, and a mobile subscriber identification number.
In various embodiments, the LAI mobile country code and subscriber
identification mobile country code are matched or the LAI mobile
network code and the subscriber identification mobile network code
are matched. In various embodiments, the selection of a subscriber
identification is based at least in part on the pricing of
different wireless networks, the billed account for that
connection, a billed account for the wireless service, the
application that will use the connection, an application using the
wireless service (for example, one subscriber identification for
data communication and a different subscriber identification for
voice communication) or any other appropriate criteria for
selecting a subscriber identification. In 306, wireless service is
acquired from the wireless network.
[0216] FIG. 24A illustrates an embodiment of a process for
provisioning subscriber identification to a wireless terminal in a
network system. Referring also to FIG. 21, in the example shown,
wireless terminal 2100 receives information from and transmits
information to wireless network center 2106 (and its associated
HLR), HLR/AuC 2108, and provisioning server 2110 using wireless
signals 2102. As shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B, wireless network
center 2106 (and its associated HLR), HLR/AuC 2108, and
provisioning server 2110 are collectively identified by numeral
2402. In 2404, wireless terminal 2100 listens to wireless signals
2102 transmitted from network base stations 2104 and decodes the
mobile network identification from the transmitted information. For
example, the wireless terminal scans for the existing wireless
system signals. When it finds a network system broadcast control
channel (e.g. BCCH in GSM Systems), it decodes the broadcasted
information to decode the Location Area Identifier (LAI). The LAI
is composed of a mobile country code, a mobile network code and a
location area code. From the LAI, the wireless terminal can
determine the country in which it is operating. The wireless
terminal receives a set of Subscriber Identification from network
center, HLR/AuC, and provisioning server 2402 and stores in its
ADS. In 2406, the wireless terminal chooses a Subscriber
Identification with the same country code from its ADS. For
example, the Subscriber Identification is composed of a mobile
country code, a mobile network code, and mobile subscriber
identification number. The codes in the Subscriber Identification
can be used to match a Subscriber Identification to the local
network and/or country. The rest of the Subscriber Identifications
stored in the wireless terminal's ADS may be made inactive for the
duration of the session.
[0217] In 2408, the wireless terminal performs a location update
with the visited wireless network using the new Subscriber
Identification. In 2410, the network center, HLR/AuC, and
provisioning server 2402 searches for the Subscriber Identification
in its ADS and retrieves the corresponding Authentication Key. In
2412, a challenge is generated (RAND) and with the Authentication
Key is used to calculate a Response (SRES) using an authentication
algorithm (A3). In 2414, the RAND is sent to the wireless terminal
and a response is requested. In 2416, the wireless terminal uses
the RAND with the Authentication Key from its ADS to independently
calculate a SRES using encryption algorithm (A3) stored in its SIM.
In 2418, the SRES is sent to the network center and/or HLR/AuC
and/or provisioning server 2402. In 2420, authentication is passed
if the received SRES matches the locally computed SRES, otherwise
the authentication fails.
[0218] FIG. 24B illustrates another embodiment of a process for
provisioning subscriber identification to a wireless terminal in a
network system. In some cases, the wireless terminal will not
contain an IMSI that matches the country code of the local network
system. The wireless terminal can connect to the network using an
IMSI with another country code and then receiving or downloading a
local IMSI (i.e. with a matching country code) or a new visiting
IMSI. In the example shown, wireless terminal 2400B receives
information from and transmits information to the network center
and on to the HLR/AuC of the home network of the currently active
IMSI using cellular signals. The home network HLR/AuC transmits the
network registration information of the roaming subscriber to the
provisioning server 2402B. In 2404B, wireless terminal 2400B
listens to cellular signals transmitted from network towers and
decodes the country code from the transmitted information. In
2406B, wireless terminal 2400B communicates with the HLR/AuC of the
home network of the currently active IMSI and is authenticated. The
home network HLR/AuC transmits the network registration information
of the roaming subscriber to the provisioning server transmitting
information including a visited country/network code and a terminal
producer. In 2408B, the provisioning server chooses a new IMSI with
a local country/network code or other new country/network code. In
2410B, the new IMSI is added to the ADS of the HLR/AuC (or the HLR
associated with the network system) by the provisioning server
corresponding to the wireless terminal (i.e. paired with the
wireless terminal's Ki). In 2412B, the provisioning server sends
the new IMSI to wireless terminal 2400B; OTA e.g., via a SMSC. In
2414B, wireless terminal 2400B adds the new IMSI to its ADS. In
2416B, wireless terminal 2400 reestablishes its connection with the
network system with the new IMSI as the active IMSI. In some
embodiments, depending on the information transmitted (i.e. IMSI
range or type of wireless terminal), communication may be
established between the wireless terminal and a specific
application server (i.e., a global platform provider's provisioning
server or another server). In some embodiments, this communication
with a specific application server is encrypted.
[0219] FIG. 25 illustrates an embodiment of a process for
provisioning subscriber identification to a wireless terminal in a
network system. In some embodiments, the wireless terminal will not
contain a Subscriber Identification that matches the network code
and/or country code of the local network system. The wireless
terminal can connect to the network using a Subscriber
Identification with another network/country code and then receiving
downloading a local Subscriber Identification (i.e. with a matching
country code) or a new visiting Subscriber Identification.
Referring also to FIGS. 21 and 24A, in the example shown, wireless
terminal 2100 receives information from and transmits information
to network center 2106 (and its associated HLR) and on to HLR/AuC
2108 of the home network of the currently active Subscriber
Identification. The home network HLR/AuC transmits the network
registration information of the roaming subscriber to provisioning
server 2110. In 2504, wireless terminal 2100 listens to wireless
signals transmitted from network base stations 2104 and decodes the
mobile network identification from the transmitted information
similar to 2404 of FIG. 24A. In 2506, wireless terminal 2100
communicates with the HLR/AuC of the home network of the currently
active Subscriber Identification and is authenticated, using a
process similar to 2408-2420 of FIG. 24A, with the provisioning
server 2110 transmitting information including a visited
country/network code and a terminal producer. In 2508, the
provisioning server 2110 chooses a new Subscriber Identification
with a local country code and/or network code, or a new visiting
Subscriber Identity. In 2510, the new Subscriber Identification is
added to the ADS of the HLR/AuC 2108 or the HLR associated with the
visited network corresponding to the wireless terminal (i.e. paired
with the wireless terminal's Authentication Key). In 2512, the
provisioning server 2110 sends the new Subscriber Identification to
wireless terminal 2500; OTA e.g., via a SMSC. In 2515, wireless
terminal 2100 adds the new Subscriber Identification to its ADS. In
2516, wireless terminal 2100 reestablishes its connection with the
network system with the new Subscriber Identification as the active
Subscriber Identification. In some embodiments, depending on the
information transmitted (e.g., subscriber identification range or
type of wireless terminal), communication may be established
between the wireless terminal and a specific application server
(e.g., a global platform provider's provisioning server or another
server). In some embodiments, this communication with a specific
application server is encrypted.
[0220] FIG. 26 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for acquiring wireless service from a wireless network. In
the example shown, in 2600 a wireless signal is received from a
wireless network. In 2602, wireless service is acquired from the
wireless network using a first subscriber identification. In 2604,
information is transmitted to the wireless network. In 2606, a
second subscriber identification, which is selected by an
application server (or provisioning server 2110 of FIG. 21), is
received. The second subscriber identification is selected based at
least in part on one or more of the following: the wireless
network, the wireless network identification, the base station that
the wireless terminal is communicating with, the local country
associated with the network, or any other appropriate criteria for
selecting a subscriber identification. In various embodiments, the
first subscriber identification and the second subscriber
identification are both paired with a single authentication key or
the first subscriber identification is paired with a first
authentication key and the second subscriber identification is
paired with a second authentication key. In some embodiments, a
second authentication key is received. In various embodiments, the
subscriber identification and/or the authentication key are
received after having been encrypted and need to be decrypted after
having been received. In some embodiments, the subscriber
identification is encrypted and decrypted using an authentication
key. In various embodiments, a subscriber identification and/or a
authentication key is encrypted in an application server, in a
provisioning server, in a wireless network server, or in a
combination of an application/provisioning server and a wireless
network server, or in any other appropriate place for the
encryption. In various embodiments, a subscriber identification
and/or an authentication key is decrypted in a wireless terminal,
in a SIM card, or in a combination of the SIM card and the wireless
terminal, or in any other appropriate place for the decryption. In
some embodiments, authentication information is received--for
example, a random number that has been encrypted using an
authentication key, a subscriber identification that has been
encrypted using an authentication key, or other information that
has been encrypted using an authentication key or other appropriate
key. In 2608, wireless service is acquired from the wireless
network using the second subscriber identification.
Wireless Communication Provisioning Using State Transition or
Allocation Rules
[0221] Wireless communication provisioning using state transition
or allocation rules associated with an identifier is disclosed. A
first state associated with one or more identifiers is defined. A
second state associated with one or more identifiers is defined. A
state transition or allocation rule is defined between the first
and second states. In some embodiments, the one or more identifiers
are stored in a subscriber identity module (SIM). In some
embodiments, the one or more identifiers are IMSIs. In some
embodiments, a plurality of states are defined, a plurality of
state transition or allocation rules are defined, and a group of
states and transition/allocation rules are selected and associated
with one or more identifiers. In some embodiments, wireless
communications comprise mobile data, mobile cellular
communications, or any other appropriate wireless
communications.
[0222] In some embodiments, a customer organization defines a
sequence of states for devices that communicate data with a global
platform provider's application server via one or more wireless
carrier networks. The provider (e.g., the global platform provider)
enables the communication via the wireless carrier networks. The
plurality of states enables the activity of provisioning of a
customer device or provider device used in the data communication
with appropriate billing, access, and/or authorization for each
activity especially with regard to testing, activation,
deactivation, etc.
[0223] FIG. 27 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a
system for mobile data communication provisioning. In the example
shown, device 2700 comprises a mobile device that communicates
data. Device 2700 includes a mobile data service (MDS) 2702--for
example, general packet radio service--and an identifier (ID)
2704--for example, a subscriber identifier (such as IMSI). Data can
be transmitted and received by device 2700 using MDS 2702. Device
2700 is identified using ID 2704 and associated with a user or
customer. Transmissions and receptions of data communicate with
carrier network 2712, which is associated with MDS 2702. In various
embodiments, the carrier network associated with MDS 2702 comprises
a mobile carrier network, a cell phone network, a messaging
network, wireless communication network, or any other appropriate
network for communicating data to a mobile device.
[0224] Carrier network 2712 includes carrier switching network 2710
(e.g., SGSN--serving General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) support
node--used in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
networks), carrier data traffic handler 2708 (e.g., GRX--a GPRS
roaming exchange and/or SS7--signaling system 7 system), and a
plurality of carrier towers--represented in FIG. 27 by tower 2706.
Communications of data traffic to and from device 2700 are received
by carrier network 2712 by a carrier tower, which communicates the
data traffic with carrier data traffic handler 2708. Carrier data
traffic handler 2708 communicates data traffic with carrier
switching network 2710. Carrier switching network 2710 can
communicate with network 2714, and Authentication Center/Home
Location Register (HLR) 2728 and Authentication, Authorization, and
Accounting (AAA) Server (e.g., a Radius server) 2730 of provider
system 2724. In one embodiment, provider system 2724 is operated by
a global platform provider as a control center.
[0225] Network 2714 enables communication with customer system
2716, which includes customer application server 2718 and customer
administrator 2720. In some embodiments, network 2714 comprises the
internet, a local area network, a wide area network, a wired
network, a wireless network, or any other appropriate network or
networks for communicating with customer system 2716. Customer
application server 2718 receives data from and transmits data to
device 2700 regarding the customer's services or products. In
various embodiments, the customer's services includes transaction
related services, monitoring services, and/or location tracking
services. In some embodiments, a state transition rule or
allocation defining transition from one provisioning state to
another provisioning state associated with device 2700 is
implemented on customer application server 2718. In some
embodiments, a state transition or allocation rule defining
transition from one provisioning state to another provisioning
state associated with device 2700 is not known to device 2700.
[0226] Provider system 2724 includes HLR 2728, AAA server 2730,
application server 2726, database (DB) 2732, administrator 2734. In
an embodiment where the provider system 2724 is the control center
of a global platform provider, application server 2726 can perform
the function of a provisioning server, such as provisioning server
2110 of FIG. 21, in addition to other functions. Provider system
2724 enables customer services by enabling data communication
services via the carrier network with device 2700. HLR 2728 enables
communication with the provider system by indicating if device 2700
is allowed to have data communication through carrier network 2712
with customer system 2716. AAA server 2730 enables specific
permissions that are available regarding data communications
between device 2700 and customer system 2716 via carrier network
2712. Application server 2726 enables provisioning and billing for
the provider. Provisioning comprises enabling devices such as
device 2700 to have mobile data communication services using a
mobile carrier network. DB 2732 includes information related to
provisioning and billing for the provider. Administrator 2734
administrates provider system. Customer system administrator 2720
communicates with provider application server 2726 to administrate
customer system usage, billing, provisioning for data communication
service of carrier network 2712 enable by provider 2724. In some
embodiments, functionality of HLR 2728 and AAA server 2730 are
performed by the same server, are partitioned between two servers
but not exactly as described herein, or any other server
configuration to achieve the same functionality.
[0227] FIG. 28 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for mobile data communication provisioning. In some
embodiments, the process of FIG. 28 helps provision device 2700 of
FIG. 27 such that mobile data and/or wireless communications is
available via carrier network 2712 to customer system 2716. In the
example shown, in 2800 states associated with one or more
identifiers are defined. States that are associated with one or
more identifiers can include test ready, inventory, activation
ready, activated, deactivated, retired, return merchandise
authorization (RMA), suspend, fraud review, purged, and/or any
other appropriate states. In various embodiments, the identifier
can be an International Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID), an
international mobile subscriber identifier (IMSI), a customer
identifier, a user identifier, or a device identifier. In various
embodiments, the one or more identifiers comprises an identifier
associated with a user, a customer, a company, an organization,
etc. or a group of identifiers associated with a user, a customer,
a company, an organization, etc.
[0228] In some embodiments, one or more states are based on the
lifecycle of the service of a wireless communication device.
[0229] A test ready state can be used to allow a manufacturer to
test a SIM, or a device with a SIM, and its network communication
infrastructure before delivering the SIM, or device with a SIM, to
an end user, a retail location, or a distributor. A test ready
state can be a default state for a SIM that allows authentication
and authorization with a global platform provider's HLR and AAA
server, but does not have any billing associated with it. A SIM in
a test ready state is able to conditionally transact data, voice,
and/or Short Message Service (SMS) communications--for example,
some limits may be placed on the communications while in this state
such as: communication may occur up to a maximum data
transmitted/received amount or up to a maximum number of days since
the initial data communication. A test ready state may have no
prerequisite state, have no limitation to a next state (e.g., all
states allowed as next state), have no exclusivity rule, be a
required state, and be allowed to have automatic and/or manual
transitions.
[0230] An inventory state can be used to allow a SIM to be placed
in a device and associated with an identifier of the device (e.g.,
a terminal identifier or a point of sale terminal identifier). An
inventory state cannot coexist with an activation ready state. An
inventory state cannot connect with the network and requires a
manual change in order to change state. An inventory state may have
a test ready state as a prerequisite, have no limitation to a next
state (e.g., all states allowed as next state), have an exclusivity
rule in that it cannot coexist with an activation ready state, not
be a required state, and be allowed only to have manual
transitions.
[0231] An activation ready state can be used to allow a SIM to be
ready to be activated. An activation ready state will authenticate
and authorize with the HLR and AAA server of the provider system,
but no billing will occur. After the first data communication
(e.g., first packet data protocol (PDP) context communication), the
SIM state may automatically change to an activated state. An
activation ready state may have a test ready state or inventory
state as a prerequisite, have no limitation to a next state (e.g.,
all states allowed as next state), have an exclusivity rule in that
it cannot coexist with an inventory state, not be a required state,
and be allowed to have an automatic transition to an activated
state or a manual transition to other states.
[0232] An activated state can be used to allow a SIM, or a device
with a SIM, to be used by a user. In an activated state the SIM
will authenticate and authorize on the HLR and AAA server of the
provider system. Billing commences immediately on changing to this
state. The provider system may check to make sure that the proper
information is contained on the provider system's HLR and AAA
server databases as well as the billing databases. In some cases,
the checks will include checking the identifiers stored in the SIM
(e.g., international mobile subscriber identifier (IMSI), customer
identifier, device identifier, etc.). An activated state may have a
test ready state, inventory, or activation ready state as a
prerequisite, have possible next states of deactivated, purged, or
retired, have no exclusivity rule, not be a required state, and be
only allowed to have a manual transition to a next state.
[0233] A deactivated state can be used to allow a SIM, or a device
with a SIM, to be deactivated by the user. In a deactivated state
the SIM will not be allowed to authenticate and will not be billed.
The AAA server of the provider system and the gateway GPRS support
node (GGSN) of carrier networks will be sent a notification (e.g.,
a packet) informing them that the SIM has been deactivated. An
deactivated state may have an activated state as a prerequisite,
have possible next states of activated, purged, or retired, have no
exclusivity rule, not be a required state, and be only allowed to
have a manual transition to a next state.
[0234] A retired state can be used to allow a SIM, or a device with
a SIM, to be retired by the provider or the user. In a retired
state the SIM will not be allowed to authenticate and billing ends.
A retired state may have any state as a prerequisite except purged,
have any possible next states (i.e., all states possible), have no
exclusivity rule, not be a required state, and be only allowed to
have a manual transition to a next state.
[0235] A purged state can be used to allow a SIM, or a device with
a SIM, to be purged by the provider. In a purged state the SIM will
not be allowed to authenticate and the subscriber identification is
removed from the system (e.g., IMSI permanently removed from the
HLR of the provider system). A purged state may have any state as a
prerequisite, have no possible next states, have no exclusivity
rule, not be a required state, and be not allowed to have any
transitions to a next state.
[0236] In some embodiments, a state is defined by a customer. In
some embodiments, the state is defined using an Internet-based
service.
[0237] In some embodiments, a state definition does not support
communication sessions and a transition to that state will
terminate existing open communication sessions.
[0238] In some embodiments, a first wireless communication
provisioning state allows a communication device to pass traffic
without incurring any billing charges, and an associated state
transition rule allows an automated transition to a second
provisioning state where the second provisioning state incurs
billing charges. In some embodiments, a first wireless
communication provisioning state allows a communication device to
pass traffic without incurring any billing charges, and an
associated state transition rule allows an automated transition to
the second provisioning state, where the second provisioning state
does not allow the communication device to pass traffic.
[0239] In 2802, state transition or allocation rule(s) between two
states is/are defined. A transition from one state to another may
occur automatically on a predetermined condition or manually. If
the transition is based on a condition is met (e.g., upon first
data communication--packet data protocol context established), the
state will automatically change from one to another (e.g.,
activation ready state to activated state). In various embodiments,
the transition condition is based on one or more of the following:
a predetermined amount of elapsed time since a prior state
transition, an amount of service usage above a predetermined amount
of service usage, one or more service signalings, or any other
appropriate condition. In various embodiments, the condition is
based on an exclusivity rule, a state rule, a communication data
transfer, or any other appropriate condition. A manual change from
one state to another requires an intervention directly from the
provider system--for example, an action through a manager portal,
by uploading a file to the SIM or device with the SIM, or an
application programming interface (API) call.
[0240] In various embodiments, a state transition or allocation
rule can be defined for an individual device or a group of devices,
or different rules can be defined for different individual devices
or different groups of devices, or any other appropriate
combination as appropriate for meeting the needs of a supplier of
devices.
[0241] In some embodiments, a group of states are defined and a
group of transition/allocation rules are defined, and then a
selection of states and transition/allocation rules are associated
with one or more identifiers.
[0242] In some embodiments, a customer selects a state
transition/allocation rule. In some embodiments, a customer defines
a state transition/allocation rule. In various embodiments, the
state transition/allocation rule is selected and/or defined using
an Internet-based service, using a local program interface, or any
other appropriate manner of selecting and defining a state
transition rule.
[0243] In some embodiments, a state transition/allocation rule when
activated terminates existing communication sessions.
[0244] FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
state definition. In some embodiments, a state is associated with
an identifier--for example, a SIM, a device identifier (e.g., an
international mobile equipment identifier), a vendor identifier, or
any other appropriate identifier. In the example shown, a state
definition includes state name, state description, required state
flag, prerequisite state, allowed next state(s), exclusivity rule,
and transition mode(s) available that describe conditions allowing
transitions between states. For example, a test ready state has: a)
a state name of test ready; b) a state description of SIM is able
to tested in its operation with the network by a manufacturer in a
limited manner without being billed; c) a required state flag
indicating that the test ready state is required; d) there is no
prerequisite state for the test ready state; e) allowed next states
from test ready are inventory, activation ready, activated,
retired, or purged; f) there is no exclusivity rule for the test
ready state; and g) the transition modes available are automatic to
either an inventory state or an activation ready state based on an
exclusivity rule or manual change.
[0245] FIG. 30 illustrates an embodiment of a state
transition/allocation rule definition. In various embodiments, a
state transition/allocation rule definition is associated with a
state associated with an identifier or an identifier. In the
example shown, a state transition/allocation rule definition
includes current state, transition condition, state transitioned
to, and transition description. For example, a SIM can be manually
changed from an inventory state to an activation ready state when
the device that the SIM is in is deployed by selling the unit to a
retail customer, by having a service provider place the unit in the
field, or by any other appropriate manner. For another example, a
SIM can be automatically changed from an activation ready state to
an active state when a PDP context is established and data is
communicated to and from the SIM, or device with the SIM in it.
[0246] FIG. 31 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of
states of a channel sale model for provisioning and the transitions
between the states. In some embodiments, the starting default state
of a SIM is the test ready state. In the example shown, in test
ready state 3100 a device is ready for testing. The SIM is shipped
in the test ready state to an original equipment manufacturer
(OEM)--for example, a customer wanting to use the connectivity
services provided by the provider which enables a user's device to
have data communication to the customer via one or more carrier
networks. In test ready state 3100, the SIM is allowed to provision
and establish a PDP session (e.g., it can connect to GGSN of a
carrier network, connect to internet, and connect to the customer's
application server). When the SIM is in the test ready state, no
billing to the OEM occurs. This connectivity is allowed for until
the transition 3101. Transition 3101 from the test ready state is
either a manually triggered transition or an automatically
triggered based on a condition where the condition is the when the
SIM has reached: 1) a maximum number of PDP sessions has
occurred--for example, 10; 2) a maximum amount of data has been
transmitted/received to and from the SIM/device via the carrier
network--for example, 100 Kbytes; or 3) a maximum amount of time
has elapsed since the first PDP context in this test ready
state--for example, 90 days. When the transition is triggered, then
the SIM switches to inventory state 3102.
[0247] In inventory state 3102, a device is waiting to be
transferred to a user. In this state, no connectivity is enabled,
and no billing occurs. The state is maintained until transition
3103. Transition 3103 occurs when the OEM or the customer or its
channel service providers manually triggers a state change. When
the state change is triggered, the SIM is changed to activated
state 3104. In activated state 3104, a device is being used by
user. In activated state 3104, the SIM is able to establish a PDP
session and connect and transfer data to a customer application
server via a carrier network. The user is billed for the service
provided by the provider. Billing information is provided to the
customer by gathering the relevant data from the network carriers
and the provider's data bases. The SIM remains in the active state
until triggered to transition. Transition 3105 may be triggered
manually or automatically. In various embodiments, transition 3105
is triggered automatically by a maximum number of connections
allowed, a maximum amount of data transferred, a maximum amount of
time since the start of PDP sessions, or any other appropriate
automatic trigger condition. In some embodiments, the user or the
customer can also manually trigger transition 3105 to a deactivated
state 3106.
[0248] In deactivated state 3106, a device is finished being used
as requested by an end user or by a customer system request by
being in a deactivated state. In deactivated state 3106, the SIM is
not able to connect and establish a PDP session. While in
deactivated state 3106, there is no billing for connectivity.
Transition 3107 can be triggered automatically (e.g., after a
period of time) or manually (e.g., by the customer). When
transition 3107 is triggered, the SIM changes state to purged state
3108. In purged state 3108, the SIM and the device the SIM is in,
is removed from the system. In purged state 3108, the SIM is not
able to connect and establish a PDP session. There is no billing
associated with the trigger or the state. Accounting for the
customer may remove the item from inventory or asset lists. Purged
state 3108 automatically removes the IMSI and International Circuit
Card Identifier (ICCID) from the HLR of the provider system.
[0249] FIG. 32 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of
states of a retail sale model for provisioning and the transitions
between the states. The states and transitions in FIG. 32 are
similar to the states and transitions in FIG. 31 except for the
activation ready state. In some embodiments, the starting default
state of a SIM is the test ready state. In the example shown, in
test ready state 3200 a device is ready for testing. The SIM is
shipped in the test ready state to an original equipment
manufacturer (OEM)--for example, a customer wanting to use the
connectivity services provided by the provider which enables a
user's device to have data communication to the customer via one or
more carrier networks. In test ready state 3200, the SIM is allowed
to provision and establish a PDP session (e.g., it can connect to
GGSN of a carrier network, connect to internet, and connect to the
customer's application server). When the SIM is in the test ready
state, no billing to the OEM occurs. This connectivity is allowed
for until the transition 3201. Transition 3201 from the test ready
state is either a manually triggered transition or an automatically
triggered based on a condition where the condition is the when the
SIM has reached: 1) a maximum number of PDP sessions has
occurred--for example, 5; 2) a maximum amount of data has been
transmitted/received to and from the SIM/device via the carrier
network--for example, 1 Mbytes; or 3) a maximum amount of time has
elapsed since the first PDP context in this test ready state--for
example, 1 year. When the transition is triggered, then the SIM
switches to activation ready state 3202.
[0250] In activation ready state 3202, a device is waiting to be
transferred to a user. In various embodiments, the activation ready
state is set after testing by the OEM when the device is being
shipped from the OEM to retail locations, distribution partners,
directly to end users, or when the SIM, or device with the SIM, is
about to be in the end users hands but is not ready to have
billing/service fully implemented. In this state, SIM connectivity
is enabled, and a PDP session can be established. Upon the first
PDP session occurring transition 3203 is triggered. When the state
change is triggered, the SIM is changed to activated state 3204. In
activated state 3204, a device is being used by user. In activated
state 1204, the SIM is able to establish a PDP session and connect
and transfer data to a customer application server via a carrier
network. The user is billed for the service provided by the
provider. Billing information is provided to the customer by
gathering the relevant data from the network carriers and the
provider's data bases. The SIM remains in the active state until
triggered to transition. Transition 3205 may be triggered manually
or automatically. In various embodiments, transition 3205 is
triggered automatically by a maximum number of connections allowed,
a maximum amount of data transferred, a maximum amount of time
since the start of PDP sessions, or any other appropriate automatic
trigger condition. In some embodiments, the user or the customer
can also manually trigger transition 3205 to a deactivated state
3206.
[0251] In deactivated state 3206, a device is finished being used
as requested by an end user or by a customer system request by
being in a deactivated state. In deactivated state 3206, the SIM is
not able to connect and establish a PDP session. While in
deactivated state 3206, there is no billing for connectivity.
Transition 3207 can be triggered automatically (e.g., after a
period of time) or manually (e.g., by the customer). When
transition 3207 is triggered, the SIM changes state to purged state
3208. In purged state 3208, the SIM and the device the SIM is in,
is removed from the system. In purged state 3208, the SIM is not
able to connect and establish a PDP session. There is no billing
associated with the trigger or the state. Accounting for the
customer may remove the item from inventory or asset lists. Purged
state 3208 automatically removes the IMSI and International Circuit
Card Identifier (ICCID) from the HLR of the global platform
provider system.
[0252] FIG. 33 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a
process for provisioning wireless communication. In the example
shown, in 3300 definitions for states associated with an identifier
are received. In some embodiments, state definitions and/or
selections are received using an internet-based application. In
various embodiments, state definitions are the same or different
for different identifiers. In various embodiments, a state for
provisioning (e.g., a device) allows billing, allows communication
sessions, allows activation, does not allow billing, does not allow
communication sessions, does not allow activation, or any other
appropriate action associated with a state. In 3302, definition(s)
for state transition rule(s) between two states is/are received. In
some embodiments, state transition rule/allocation definitions
and/or selections are received using an internet-based application.
In various embodiments, the transitions are automatic or manual and
are triggered with a transition condition. In various embodiments,
the automatic and/or manual transition conditions include an
elapsed time from a prior state, prior transition, or prior
specific/any communication, an absolute time, an absolute date,
after a predetermined amount of traffic, before a predetermined
level of traffic is reached, after communication with a specific
location, number, device, service center, after sending a service
indication, a system message, after receipt of a service message,
condition, communication from a specific location, device, server,
service center, or any other appropriate transition condition. In
3304, it is determined if a transition condition associated with a
transition rule for current state is met. In the event that an
appropriate transition condition has not been met, control stays
with 3304. In the event that an appropriate transition condition is
met, then in 3306 allow transition between the two states as
appropriate for the transition rule. In some embodiment, the
implementation of provisioning states, state transition rule
enforcement, and evaluation of transition conditions takes place on
a server that communicates with a wireless network and wireless
device. In one embodiment, the server is located in, or otherwise
operated by, a global platform provider's control center.
A Global Platform for Managing Subscriber Identity Modules
[0253] A global platform for managing subscriber identity modules
(SIMs) of wireless devices is described. The global platform
provides a business support system (BSS) and operational support
system (OSS) for a wide range of network carriers that may be
operating in different countries or continents. The global platform
allows partner carriers to deliver wireless communication services
to the customers in a seamless way to the customers regardless of
their geographical locations. Through an alliance agreement that
each partner carrier enters with the global platform provider, a
mobile device purchased from one partner carrier can freely move to
an area (e.g., country or continent) operated by another partner
carrier while incurring minimal (if any) performance impacts and
roaming charges.
[0254] As described herein a mobile device may be a cell phone, an
eBook, an automobile with wireless tracking ability, a digital
picture frame, a game console, a tablet computer, a laptop
computer, or other portable wireless communication devices.
Further, the customers described herein may be an end consumer, an
organization or an enterprise that has an interest in the global
deployment of network-connected devices. In a conventional wireless
system, the operation of every network carrier is bound by the
country. Thus, a device (e.g., an automobile) purchased in one
country cannot be easily shipped to another country without
incurring permanent roaming charges in that other country. Further,
since the automobile is roaming in the other country, its data
traffic will be routed through its home network for both inbound
and outbound signals and data transmission. This routing has a
negative performance impact on the wireless communication. The
global platform described herein allows such deployment to happen
with minimal (if any) impact on the performance and roaming
charges.
[0255] FIG. 34A is an embodiment of a wireless network architecture
in which a global platform provider operates. The global platform
provider is allocated with a set of multiple subscriber
identifiers, such as the international mobile subscriber identifier
(IMSIs). Although IMSI is used in the following description, it is
understood that other subscriber identifier types can be used
instead of IMSI. Moreover, although the wireless network
architecture is described in the context of 2/3G Global System for
Mobile Communication (GSM) network technology, it is understood
that other network technologies, such as Code Division Multiple
Access 2000 (CDMA2000), 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced,
etc., can be used to support the techniques described herein. It is
also understood that embodiments of the invention can be adapted to
work with future versions of the network protocols, technologies
and standards as these protocols, technologies and standards
develop.
[0256] A mobile device 3410 having one of these IMSIs programmed in
its SIM can avoid or reduce its roaming charges in regions that are
operated by network carriers partnered with the global platform
provider. The mobile device 3410 may incur temporary roaming
charges after leaving its home network and entering a partner
carrier network (e.g., partner carrier network 3480 or 3490).
However, at some point in time when one or more pre-determined
allocation rules are satisfied, the mobile device 3410 can be
provisioned with a new IMSI that is local to the partner carrier
network or an IMSI that is predetermined by the global platform
provider to be preferred for that visited country. With this new
IMSI, the mobile device can transmit and receive wireless packets
in the partner carrier network without incurring roaming charges
and without having the transmissions routed through its home
network.
[0257] The determination of whether the mobile device 3410 can
switch to a local or otherwise preferred IMSI can be made by a
control center 3420 based on a set of allocation rules. The control
center is coupled to a global platform provider network 3400 and
includes at least a provisioning server 3450 and an over-the-air
(OTA) server 3440. Both the control center 3420 and the global
platform provider network 3400 are operated by the global platform
provider. The control center 3420 and the global platform provider
network 3400 can include multiple servers, multiple storage devices
and multiple network nodes distributed across multiple geographical
areas.
[0258] In one embodiment, the global platform provider network 3400
includes a Home Location Register (HLR) 3430 that includes one or
more servers and databases for managing and storing mobile
subscriber information. The mobile subscriber information includes
the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), the MSISDN,
location information (e.g., the identity of the currently serving
Visitor Location Register (VLR) to enable the routing of
mobile-terminated calls) and service subscription and restrictions.
The HLR 3430 is coupled to an authentication center (AuC) 3431 for
performing authentication of a mobile device that requests a
network connection.
[0259] The HLR 3430 is operated and updated by the global platform
provider. The HLR 3430 communicates with the partner carrier
networks (3480, 3490) via Signaling System 7 (SS7) messages through
Signal Transfer Points (STPs) (3471, 3472), or via Internet
Protocol (IP) messages through Mobility Management Entities (MMEs).
The SS7/IP messages can be sent via dedicated SS7/IP connections
and/or SS7/IP inter-carrier networks 3441. In some embodiments, the
HLR 3430 shown herein is a logical representation. Physically, the
HLR 3430 can be distributed across multiple geographical areas. In
some embodiments, the HLR 3430 can include distributed segments of
the HLRs owned by multiple partner carriers. Thus, in these
embodiments the HLR 3430 can be the sum of multiple HLR segments,
with each HLR segment owned by a different partner carrier. For
example, a partner carrier may own and operate an HLR, and a
segment of the HLR can be read and updated by the global platform
provider. The updates performed by the global platform provider can
include adding/provisioning and removing/purging IMSIs, and setting
and editing subscriber wireless service permissions. The IMSIs that
can be added and removed by the global platform provider are within
a set of IMSIs that are allocated to the global platform provider.
That is, the HLR 3430 stores and manages the IMSIs that belong to
the set of IMSIs allocated to the global platform provider. In one
embodiment, when a new IMSI is provisioned to a subscriber, the
subscriber may also be changed to a new billing account owner. That
is, the contractual ownership for the subscriber's wireless service
may change with the provision of a new IMSI. After the provision of
a new IMSI, the subscriber may receive a billing statement from a
new partner carrier in addition to or instead of the original
carrier.
[0260] In the embodiment of FIG. 34A, each of the partner carrier
networks (3480, 3490) includes one or more MSCs (3485, 3487) and
one or more SGSNs (3415, 3417). The MSCs (3485, 3487) are
responsible for routing circuit-switched voice calls, fax, data and
short message service (SMS). The MSCs (3485, 3487) can forward
outgoing circuit-switched signals from a mobile device to a
circuit-switched network (not shown), and can forward outgoing
short messages to an SMS center (SMSC) 3460. The circuit-switched
network and the SMSC 3460 then deliver the signals/messages to
their intended destinations. In addition, the MSCs (3485, 3487) are
responsible for requesting the HLR 3430/AuC 3431 to authenticate a
mobile device when the mobile device requests for a network
connection.
[0261] The SGSNs (3415, 3417) are responsible for routing data
packets. Each SGSN (3415, 3417) is identified by an Access Point
Name (APN), which can be used in a Domain Name System (DNS) query
to resolve the IP address of a GGSN (e.g., GGSN 3416) that serves
the SGSN (3415, 3417). The APN resolution function is shown as the
APN DNS (3465, 3467). The GGSN 3416 then delivers outgoing data
packets from the mobile device 3410 to their destination(s) via a
packet-switched network (e.g., the Internet). Before granting
access to the packet-switched network, the GGSN 3416 can use Remote
Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol to provide
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) management
(shown as RADIUS 3418). For incoming data packets destined for the
mobile device 3410, the GGSN 3416 resolves the IP address of the
destination SGSN using the SGSN's APN in a DNS query (shown as the
APN DNS 3466). The communication between the SGSN (3415, 3417) and
the GGSN 3416 can be provided by a GPRS roaming exchange (GRX)
network 3442 for inter-carrier connections. In some embodiments,
the communication between the SGSN (3415, 3417) and its associated
GGSN can be provided by an intra-carrier connection.
[0262] In the embodiment of FIG. 34A, the HLR 3430, the SMSC 3460,
the GGSNs 3416 and the RADIUS 3418 are within the global platform
provider network 3400. In alternative embodiments, one or more of
the HLR 3430, the SMSC 3460, the GGSNs 3416 and the RADIUS 3418 can
be located within and operated by one or more of partner carrier
networks (3480, 3490). Regardless of their locations and ownership,
the control center 3420 has access to each of the HLR 3430, the
SMSC 3460, the GGSNs 3416 and the RADIUS 3418 to manage the
information of the mobile subscribers, who directly or indirectly
(e.g., through a partner carrier, or through a customer
organization having a contract with a partner carrier or with the
global platform provider) subscribes to the service of the global
platform provider.
[0263] In some embodiments, the IMSIs allocated to the global
platform provider belong to a set of IMSIs that contain one or more
contiguous or non-contiguous segments of IMSIs. An IMSI is a unique
non-dialable number allocated to each mobile device in the GSM
system. The IMSI is stored in the SIM of a mobile device and
uniquely identifies a subscriber identity. Generally, an IMSI
includes three parts: (1) the mobile country code (MCC) consisting
of three digits for identifying a country, (2) the mobile network
code (MNC) consisting of two or three digits for identifying a
network carrier, and (3) the mobile subscriber identity number
(MSIN) consisting of nine to ten digits.
[0264] In one embodiment, the IMSIs allocated to the global
platform provider can have an MCC and an MNC that identify a
country and one of the partner carrier networks, as well as an MSIN
that includes one or more digits having one or more pre-designated
values. As an example, suppose that the MCC "123" and the MNC "956"
identify a country and a partner carrier network "PN" operated
within that country, respectively. Further suppose that the partner
carrier agrees that among all of the IMSIs identifying the partner
carrier network "PN", those IMSIs with the first digit of the MSIN
being 9 (or any other pre-designated value) are allocated to the
global platform provider. Thus, the IMSI 123-456-9xxxxxxxx
indicates a range of IMSIs allocated to the global platform
provider, with "x" being any value from 0-9. This range of IMSIs
can be provisioned by the control center 3420 to mobile devices
that roam into the partner carrier network "PN" and need to be
switched to local or otherwise preferred IMSIs. Since the global
platform provider can enter into agreements with multiple partner
carriers, the IMSIs allocated to the global platform provider can
include many disjoint ranges.
[0265] The MISN is to be distinguished from the Mobile Station
International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN). The MSISDN is a
dialable number that a caller uses to reach a mobile device.
Generally, the HLR stores the IMSI and the MSISDN as a pair for
identifying a mobile subscriber's device and for routing calls to
the mobile subscriber. A SIM is uniquely associated to an IMSI,
while the MSISDN can change in time (e.g. due to portability of
phone numbers).
[0266] When a network carrier orders mobile devices from its
equipment suppliers, the equipment suppliers typically pre-program
each SIM in the mobile device with one or more IMSIs. In one
embodiment, the pre-programmed SIM includes a bootstrap IMSI, which
is one of the IMSIs allocated to the global platform provider. This
bootstrap IMSI also identifies a country and a carrier network that
is the home to the pre-programmed SIM. When an end user purchases a
mobile device through any partner carrier channel, the service
representative creates a service order to enter the end user's
subscription information, including the MSISDN, using the bootstrap
IMSI as a key. This service order with the key is submitted to the
control center 3420, which creates a subscription record that uses
the bootstrap IMSI as the key, and adds the subscription record to
the HLR 3430. The mobile device can then start wireless
communications using the bootstrap IMSI within its home network or
a partner carrier network.
[0267] FIGS. 34B and 34C are two examples of IMSI switching
according to embodiments of the invention. Referring to FIG. 34B,
when the mobile device 3410 roams from its home network (e.g., in
Canada) to a visited network (e.g., in Germany), it can be
provisioned with a new IMSI by the global platform provider. For
example, suppose that local IMSIs 3491 of the home network in
Canada are (111-222-MSIN) and local IMSIs 3492 of the visited
network in Germany are (333-444-MSIN), where MSIN represents any
9-10 digital number. In one embodiment, when the mobile device 3410
roams from Canada to Germany, the mobile device 3410 can be
provisioned with a new IMSI that is one of the local IMSIs 3492 in
Germany allocated to the global platform provider. In another
embodiment, when the mobile device 3410 roams from Canada to
Germany, the mobile device 3410 can be provisioned with a new IMSI
that is one of the local IMSIs 3493 in Spain (e.g., 555-666-MSIN)
allocated to the global platform provider. This new IMSI (one of
the local IMSIs 3493) is herein referred to as a "preferred" IMSI
for the visited network. The provision of a preferred IMSI may
occur if; e.g., the global platform provider has an agreement with
the Spanish network carrier to allocate its IMSIs 3493 to roaming
devices in Germany that have subscribed to the service of the
global platform provider.
[0268] In the example shown in FIGS. 34B and 34C, the MSIN portion
of the IMSI before and after roaming is the same (e.g., 987654321)
wherein the leading digit "9" indicates that the IMSI is allocated
to the global platform provider. However, it is understood that the
global platform provider can provision another available MSIN that
is different from 987654321 to its roaming devices.
[0269] FIG. 35 illustrates an overview of IMSI provisioning and
management. Initially, a mobile device with a bootstrap IMSI 3511
is deployed from its home network to a deployed location. The home
network is identified by the mobile country code (MCC) and the
mobile network code (MNC) of the bootstrap IMSI 3511. The deployed
location, which is in a network operated by one of the partner
carriers or operated by one of the partner carriers' roaming
carrier partners, may be associated with a different MCC and/or MNC
from those of the home network. Based on a set of allocation rules
3510, the control center 3420 determines whether the bootstrap IMSI
3511 should be replaced by a new IMSI that is local to or otherwise
preferred for the deployed location. Examples of the allocation
rules 3510 can include: the amount of mobile usage, the amount of
billable mobile usage, the first network registration attempt on a
roaming network, the length of time that the mobile device has been
roaming, the subscription status (e.g., the level of priority), the
number of available IMSIs, the agreement with the network carrier
for the deployed location, and the like.
[0270] Specific examples of allocation rules 3510 may include that
the allocation rule specifies that a new or second one of the IMSIs
is selected based on an initial network registration of the first
IMSI (e.g. bootstrap IMSI 3511) and/or in an activation ready state
or an activated state. A second one of the IMSIs is selected based
on a country of an initial network registration and/or in an
activated state. A second one of the IMSIs is selected based on a
first network registration of the first IMSI with a CDR. A second
one of the IMSIs is selected based on a first network registration
of the first IMSI with a CDR and/or in an activated state. A second
one of the IMSIs is selected based on a first network registration
of the first IMSI with a first billable CDR in a first billing
cycle. A second one of the IMSIs is selected based on a first
network registration of the first IMSI with a last billable CDR in
a first billing cycle. A second one of the IMSIs is selected based
on a first network registration of the first IMSI with x % billable
volume in a first billing cycle.
[0271] If an IMSI replacement should be made, the control center
3420 triggers IMSI switching by having the OTA 3440 send the new
IMSI to the mobile device, and by adding/provisioning the new IMSI
to the HLR 3430 and removing/purging the bootstrap IMSI from the
HLR 3430.
[0272] With the new IMSI, the mobile device can communicate
wirelessly in the deployed location as if it were operating within
its home network or as an otherwise preferred roaming network.
Incoming and outgoing mobile transmissions may be managed by the
local partner carrier network without being re-routed to the home
network. In one embodiment, the control center 3420 can monitor the
network usage and collect billing information. The billing
information can be forwarded to the local partner carrier or
preferred home network partner, which generates an invoice for
account settlement. The invoice will be sent to the end user or a
customer organization 3550 through which the end user subscribes to
the mobile communication service. In an alternative embodiment, the
control center 3420 can generate the invoice based on the collected
billing information.
[0273] In the following description with reference to FIGS. 36-40,
a number of examples illustrating the process of IMSI switching are
described. To avoid obscuring the description, some of the
signaling paths and network elements are omitted from FIGS. 36-40.
Some of the network elements shown in FIGS. 36-40 refer back to
FIG. 34A. However, it is understood that the processes illustrated
in FIGS. 36-40 may be implemented by a network architecture
different from the embodiment of FIG. 34A. Further, to simplify the
discussion, the following examples only describe 2/3G GSM
packet-based routing. It is understood that other types of wireless
data, such as messaging, voice calls, faxes, and other types of
wireless communications can also be supported as well as other
wireless technologies such as 4G LTE or LTE Advanced. In the
following description, bracketed numerals are associated with
actions while un-bracketed numerals are associated with entities or
data items (e.g., IMSIs).
[0274] FIG. 36 illustrates an embodiment of a process for initial
network registration of a mobile device having a bootstrap IMSI
(e.g., the bootstrap IMSI 3511). Initially, the mobile device is
installed with a SIM programmed with the bootstrap IMSI 3511. The
bootstrap IMSI 3511 is the key to a subscription record in the HLR
3430 operated, or otherwise accessible, by the global platform
provider. As described above, the bootstrap IMSI 3511 can be
assigned to the mobile device by an equipment supplier, and is
within the range(s) of IMSIs allocated to the global platform
provider. Upon receiving a service order, the provisioning server
3450 adds the bootstrap IMSI 3511 into the HLR 3430, as well as
other subscription information in a subscription record that uses
the bootstrap IMSI 3511 as the key (3601). The HLR 3430 then
indicates the IMSI as -activated. When the mobile device sends a
request for a wireless network connection, the request is first
sent to the nearest base station (BS) tower 3612 operated by the
home network carrier (e.g., the carrier identified by the bootstrap
IMSI as the home network carrier) (3602) or visited network
carrier. The BS tower 3612 forwards the request to a nearest MSC
3681, which sends an authentication request to the HLR 3430/AuC
3431 for the mobile device (3603). The HLR 1330/AuC 3431 then
authenticates the bootstrap IMSI 3511. Upon authentication, the BS
3612 routes data packets from the mobile device to an SGSN 3615
operated by the serving network carrier, which forwards the data
packets to the GGSN 3416 (3604). Before granting access to the
external network (e.g., the Internet 3660), the GGSN 3416 requests
authorization and authentication from the Radius 3418 (3605). Upon
receipt of authorization and authentication, the GGSN 3416 routes
the data packets to the Internet 3660 (3606). The global platform
provider then collects network usage information (e.g., call detail
records (CDRs)) from the GGSN 3416 or Radius 3418 and stores in a
usage and rating database 3621.
[0275] FIG. 37 illustrates a process for performing IMSI switching.
In this case, the mobile device with a bootstrap IMSI 3511 is
deployed to a country/network that is foreign to the bootstrap IMSI
3511 (i.e., the SIM is roaming) (3701). In one embodiment, the
first carrier can be a partner carrier operating the partner
carrier network 3480 of FIG. 34A. At this point, the bootstrap IMSI
3511 remains actively provisioned in the HLR 3430. The mobile
device sends a registration request to the nearest BS tower 3712
(3702), which forwards the request to the MSC 3485 and a VLR 3770
associated with the MSC 3485 (3703). Both the MSC 3485 and the VLR
3770 are operated by the first carrier. The VLR 3770 informs the
HLR 3430 that the mobile device has roamed away from its home
network, and obtains subscription information of the mobile device
from the HLR 3430 (3704). The mobile device then registers in the
newly deployed location via roaming.
[0276] The notification from the VLR 3770 triggers the provisioning
server 3450 to check allocation rules 3510 to determine whether the
mobile device should be switched to a local or otherwise preferred
new IMSI (e.g., a first IMSI 3711 local to the first carrier
network) (3605). This local IMSI 3711 is also within a range of
IMSIs allocated to the global platform provider. By using the first
IMSI 3711 in the deployed location, the mobile device can
communicate wirelessly without being treated as a roaming device.
Additionally, as the first IMSI 3711 is allocated to the global
platform provider, the global platform provider can monitor the
signaling or usage of the mobile device to determine whether there
is a need to perform further IMSI switching.
[0277] If the provisioning server 3450 determines that an IMSI
switching should be performed based on the allocation rules 3510,
the provisioning server 3450 directs the OTA server 3440 to send
the first IMSI 3711 to the mobile device (3706). The first IMSI
3711 can be sent by encrypted transmission (e.g., an encrypted SMS)
(3707). Upon receipt of the first IMSI 3711, the mobile device
changes its profile in the SIM and returns a receipt to the OTA
server 3440. The provisioning server 3450 also updates the HLR 3430
by adding/provisioning and activating the first IMSI 3711 to the
mobile device's subscription record. When the mobile device
re-registers on the first carrier's network with the new IMSI 3711
via the HLR 3430, the HLR 3430 will send a message to the
provisioning server 3450 that the mobile device has successfully
registered with the new IMSI 3711. At this point, the provisioning
server 3450 will remove the bootstrap IMSI 3511 from the HLR 3430
(3708).
[0278] FIG. 38 illustrates an embodiment of a process for operating
the mobile device after the IMSI switching described in FIG. 37. As
described in FIG. 37, the HLR 3430 adds and activates the first
IMSI 3711 and removes the bootstrap IMSI 3511 as directed by the
provisioning server 3450 (3801). When the mobile device sends a
request for a network connection to the nearest BS tower 3712
(3802), the BS tower 3712 forwards the request to the MSC 3485
operated by the first carrier. The MSC 3485 recognizes that the
request is associated with the first IMSI 3711, which is a local
IMSI to the first carrier network. The MSC 3485 then sends an
authentication request to the HLR 1330 (3803). In response, the HLR
3430 authenticates the first IMSI 3711. Upon authentication, the BS
tower 3712 routes data packets from the mobile device to the SGSN
3415 operated by the first carrier, which forwards the data packets
to a GGSN 3816 associated with the SGSN 3415. Before granting
access to an external network (e.g., the Internet 3660), the GGSN
3816 requests authorization and authentication from the Radius 3418
(3804). Upon receipt of authorization and authentication, the GGSN
3816 routes the data packets from the mobile device to the Internet
3660 (3805). In this example, as the GGSN 3816 is operated by the
first carrier, it is the first carrier that provides the CDRs and
accounting to the usage and rating database 3621 operated by the
global platform provider (3807). In other embodiments, the Radius
server 3418 may provide the CDRs and accounting to the usage and
rating database 3621.
[0279] FIG. 39 illustrates an embodiment of a process for operating
the mobile device as a roaming device after the IMSI switching
described in FIG. 37. After the mobile device is successfully
switched to the first IMSI 3711 and operating in the first carrier
network as a local mobile device, the mobile device roams to
another location serviced by a second carrier (3901). In one
embodiment, the second carrier can be a partner carrier operating
the partner carrier network 3490 of FIG. 34A. At this point, the
first IMSI 3711 remains in the HLR 3430. The mobile device sends a
registration request to the nearest BS tower 3912 (3902), which
forwards the request to the MSC 3487 and a VLR 3970 associated with
the MSC 3487. Both the MSC 3487 and the VLR 3970 are operated by
the second carrier. The VLR 3870 informs a HLR 3930 of the first
carrier network that the mobile device has enters the second
carrier network, and request authentication of the mobile device
(3903). The HLR 3930 forwards the authentication request to the HLR
3430 of the global platform provider network 3400, and the HLR 3430
authenticate the mobile device (3904). The mobile device then
registers and activates in the new location via roaming. In some
embodiments, the VLR 3970 will send the authentication request
directly to the HLR 3430 of the global platform
[0280] Upon authentication, the BS tower 3912 routes data packets
from the mobile device to the SGSN 3417 operated by the second
carrier. The SGSN 3417 forwards the data packets to the GGSN 3816
operated by the first carrier (3905). Before granting access to an
external network (e.g., the Internet 3660), the GGSN 3816 requests
authorization and authentication from the Radius 3418 (3906). Upon
receipt of authorization and authentication, the GGSN 3816 routes
the data packets to the Internet 3660 (3907). In this example, as
the GGSN 3816 is operated by the first carrier, it is the first
carrier that provides the CDRs and accounting to the usage and
rating database 3621 operated by the global platform provider
(3908). In other embodiments, the Radius server 3418 may provide
the CDRs and accounting to the usage and rating database 3621.
[0281] FIG. 40 illustrates an embodiment of a process for
performing another IMSI switching. The process of 4001-4004 of FIG.
40 is similar to 3901-3904 of FIG. 39, and is therefore not
repeated. In response to the authentication request from the first
carrier's HLR 3930, the provisioning server 3450 checks allocation
rules 3510 to determine whether the mobile device should be
switched to a local IMSI (that is, a second IMSI 4011 local to the
second carrier network) (4005). Further, the second IMSI 4011 is
within a range of IMSIs allocated to the global platform provider.
By using the second IMSI 4011 in the deployed location, the mobile
device can communicate wirelessly without being treated as a
roaming device. Additionally, as the second IMSI 4011 is allocated
to the global platform provider, the global platform provider can
monitor the usage of the mobile device to determine whether there
is a need to perform further IMSI switching.
[0282] If the provisioning server 3450 determines that an IMSI
switching should be performed based on the allocation rules 3510,
the provisioning server 3450 directs the OTA server 3440 to send
the second IMSI 3911 to the mobile device (4006). The second IMSI
2011 can be sent by encrypted transmission (e.g., an encrypted SMS)
(4007). Upon receipt of the second IMSI 4011, the mobile device
changes its profile in the SIM and returns a receipt to the OTA
server 3440. The provisioning server 3450 also updates the HLR 3430
by adding/provisioning and activating the second IMSI 4011 to the
subscription record of the mobile device and by removing/purging
the first IMSI 3711 from the HLR 3430 (4008).
[0283] One embodiment of the invention describes the creation and
implementation of a cellular service defined by a preferred
geographical area enclosed by a boundary referred to as Geo-Fence
which defines an offer for a certain set of features and prices
within the bounded area. Referring to FIG. 41, for simplicity the
geographical area 102 enclosed by the Geo-Fence 100 may be depicted
as a circular area of a configurable radius. For example, the
geographical area 102 may be designated as the city of "Los
Angeles". The geographical area 104 located outside of the
geographical area 102 enclosed by the Geo-Fence 100 represents an
area with non-preferred or non-discounted services. A circular area
is shown for illustrative purposes and it is understood that other
geographical determinations/boundaries may be implemented as
well.
[0284] Within the geographical area 102 enclosed by the Geo-Fence
100, voice and/or data services and any other additional mobile
services may be offered for at a discounted plan and price range
(tier 1) while services outside of the Geo-Fence 100 may be offered
at a higher price range (tier 2). Various embodiments would allow
for multiple combinations of mobile services and prices within the
geographical area 102 enclosed by the Geo-Fence 100 and the
outlying area 104. Voice and/or data services and any additional
mobile services may be offered and provisioned in real time.
[0285] To implement the Geo-Fence 100, a processor and software
module residing within the mobile device works in conjunction with
a Control Center (CC) based processor to implement at least two
methods of determining the geo-location of the mobile device,
referred to hereinafter as coarse and fine detection. The coarse
detection refers to an immediate "cellular network based" coarse
fence, wherein the CC processor monitors network based events such
as a mobile device location update. The fine detection refers to a
mobile device determined GPS location. The coarse detection may
potentially occur before the mobile device reports a device
determined GPS based location or vice versa.
[0286] The mobile device may be implemented by a cellular device
100 as illustrated in FIG. 1 or a wireless communication device 300
as illustrated in the block diagram shown in FIG. 3. Cellular
device 100 stores and runs CSP device application (CDA) 140. CDA
140 displays alerts and notifications to consumers in response to
the consumers' current usage and condition, provides customized
contextual offers in real time, and allows consumers to select and
purchase wireless products and services from their devices.
Moreover, using CDA 140, consumers can diagnose and solve their own
service questions and problems directly from their wireless device.
The functionality of CDA 140 is described in further detail with
reference to FIGS. 10-15.
[0287] The Control Center (CC) may be implemented by the hosted
service platform 120 included in the Core Service Platform CSP
system 530 illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
[0288] Various embodiments of the invention may be implemented by a
CSP system 530. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an overview
of CSP system integration according to one embodiment of the
invention. FIG. 6 illustrates further details of CSP system
integration according to one embodiment of the invention. In the
following description, the term "CSP system" 530 refers to the
software and hardware infrastructure that manages a suite of
services provided to network operators and their subscribers. Thus,
referring also to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, CSP system 530
includes hosted service platform 120, CSP network 170, and the
software hosted thereon. CSP system 530 interacts with operator
network 110, operator IT system 150, and cellular device 100 in
real time. In one embodiment, CSP system 530 is a smartphone
service management platform. Through CDA 140 and CSP operator Web
applications 154, CSP system 530 provides or enables the functions
of on-device application, self-care, diagnostics, store-front,
alert management, policy control, payment handling, offer
management, campaign management, analytics, reporting engine, and
data rating.
[0289] Consumers experience CSP system 530 through CDA 140 on their
wireless communication devices. CDA 140 provides consumer-side
functions that include, but are not limited to: storefront,
payment, offers and alerts, self-support, account status, and
device diagnostics. Operators experience CSP system 530 through CSP
operator Web applications 154. CSP operator Web applications 154
provide operator-side functions that include, but are not limited
to: offer and campaign management, campaign analytics, retail store
activation, customer care application, and reporting.
[0290] A mobile device user interface such as a Graphical User
Interface (GUI), an Icon, or a badge may indicate to the user when
the device is within the preferred Geo-Fence 100 boundary to
receive the preferred pricing plan. The CC processor makes this
determination based on the location update and signals the mobile
device to display the Geo-Fence use by way of an icon or badge, for
example a "blue star". For example, the CC signal may be by way of
SMS message to the mobile device.
[0291] A CC processor may utilize a "business rule" engine to
implement the Geo-Fence wherein a "sales marketer" may create
multiple pricing plan options that can be programmed into the rules
engine and wherein the rules engine selects from the multiple plans
based on customer based factors such as time in contract, previous
usage, previous sales, etc. The Geo-Fence implementation may
include a rules engine based determination of a pricing plan,
service options, geographical coverage (e.g. radius of Geo-Fence),
etc. In one embodiment, Hosted service platform 120 includes a
number of CSP engines 122, i.e. rules engines, which provide a
suite of functions to automate both the sales and support processes
towards wireless users.
[0292] The Geo-Fence 100 coarse and fine detection will now be
described. The coarse detection or "cellular network based" coarse
fence may be determined based upon a standard GSM location update
wherein the mobile device may send/receive a wireless signal
to/from a wireless network. For example, the mobile device
sends/receives wireless signals to/from a nearby network base
station and a network identification is decoded from the wireless
signal. The wireless signal may include a mobile network
identification. For example, the wireless terminal scans for the
existing wireless system signals. When it finds a network system
broadcast control channel (e.g. BCCH in GSM Systems), it decodes
the broadcasted information to decode the Location Area Identifier
(LAI). The LAI is composed of a mobile country code, a mobile
network code and a location area code. At the same time, a Control
Center (CC) server may monitor network based signals from network
nodes such as BSC's, MSC's, VLR's and HLR's and is aware of the
location update of the mobile device based on a received LAI.
[0293] A GSM network or UMTS network, like all cellular networks
are a radio network of individual cells, known as base stations.
Each base station covers a small geographical area which is part of
a uniquely identified location area. By integrating the coverage of
each of these base stations, a cellular network provides a radio
coverage over a much wider area. A group of base stations is named
a location area of a routing area.
[0294] A location area is a set of base stations that are grouped
together to optimize signaling. Typically, tens or even hundreds of
base stations share a single Base Station Controller (BSC) in GSM,
or a Radio Network Controller (RNC) in UMTS, the intelligence
behind the base stations. The BSC handles allocation of radio
channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, and
controls handovers from base station to base station.
[0295] To each location area, a unique number called a location
area code LAC is assigned. The LAC is broadcast by each base
station, known as a base transceiver station BTS in GSM, or a Node
B in UMTS, at regular intervals.
[0296] The location update procedure allows a mobile device to
inform the cellular network, whenever it moves from one location
area to the next. Mobile devices are responsible for detecting
location area codes. When a mobile device finds that the location
area code is different from its last update, it performs another
update by sending to the network, a location update request,
together with its previous location, and it's Temporary Mobile
Subscriber Identity TMSI.
[0297] There are several reasons why a mobile device may provide
updated location information to the network. Whenever a mobile
device is switched on or off, the network may require it to perform
an IMSI attach or IMSI detach location update procedure. Also, each
mobile device is required to regularly report its location at a set
time interval using a periodic location update procedure. Whenever
a mobile device moves from one location area to the next while not
on a call, a random location update is required. This is also
required of a stationary mobile that reselects coverage from a cell
in a different location area, because of signal fade. Thus a
subscriber has reliable access to the network and may be reached
with a call, while enjoying the freedom of mobility within the
whole coverage area.
[0298] When a subscriber is paged in an attempt to deliver a call
or SMS and the subscriber does not reply to that page then the
subscriber is marked as absent in both the Mobile Switching Center
(MSC)/Visitor Location Register (MSC/VLR) and the Home Location
Register (HLR) (Mobile not reachable flag MNRF is set). The next
time the mobile performs a location update the HLR is updated and
the mobile not reachable flag is cleared.
[0299] A fine location detection may implement Global Positioning
System (GPS) technology on the mobile device. A GPS navigation
device is any device that receives GPS signals for the purpose of
determining the device's current location on Earth. GPS devices
provide latitude and longitude information, and some may also
calculate altitude, although this is not considered sufficiently
accurate or continuously available enough (due to the possibility
of signal blockage and other factors) to rely on exclusively to
pilot aircraft.
[0300] Due in part to regulations encouraging mobile phone
tracking, including for example enhanced 911 (E911), the majority
of GPS receivers are built into mobile telephones, with varying
degrees of coverage and user accessibility. Commercial navigation
software is available for most smartphones as well as some
Java-enabled phones that allow them to use an internal or external
GPS receiver (in the latter case, connecting via serial or
Bluetooth). Some phones with GPS capability work by assisted GPS
(A-GPS) only, and do not function when out of range of their
carrier's cell towers. Others can navigate worldwide with satellite
GPS signals as a dedicated portable GPS receiver does, upgrading
their operation to A-GPS mode when in range. Still others have a
hybrid positioning system that can use other signals when GPS
signals are inadequate.
[0301] Various embodiments of the software module residing within
the mobile device may utilize multiple technologies to implement
the GPS functionality including, for example, "bespoke" solutions,
i.e. a high degree of "customization" and involvement of the
end-user, that exist for smartphones with built-in GPS
capabilities. Some such phones can use tethering to double as a
wireless modem for a laptop or pad, while allowing
GPS-navigation/localization as well. For example, VZ Navigator is
marketed by Verizon Wireless and uses GPS which is one technology
to determine the location, and then uses the mobile phone's data
connection to download maps and calculate navigational routes.
Other products including iPhone are used to provide similar
services. Nokia provide Ovi Maps free on its smartphones and maps
can be preloaded. GPS navigation applications for mobile phones
include Waze and Google Maps Navigation. Google Maps Navigation
included with Android means most smartphone users only need their
phone to have a personal navigation assistant.
[0302] Between the coarse detection and the fine detection a
location cross-check is implemented to prevent hacked or fraudulent
activity on the mobile device. For example, if the network based
coarse detection determines that the device is in New York but the
device based fine GPS location detection indicates the device is in
Los Angeles, the Control Center server can determine that the
network based detection is more accurate and rate the device usage
at a higher rate as being outside the Los Angeles Geo-Fence. The
assumption being that the device has been fraudulently hacked to
give a false Los Angeles GPS location.
[0303] One issue that may be handled by the mobile device and the
CC relates to "bring your own device" BYOD smartphones that impose
a customer's explicit agreement or "opt-in" to utilize the device's
GPS location functionality. In one embodiment, the CC can send an
SMS message to request the user to "opt-in" in order for the CC to
receive the GPS fine detection location. Other types of signaling
between CC and the mobile device may be used as well. However, as a
default, the coarse network based location detection can be used
should the user "opt-out".
[0304] An additional embodiment deals with roaming outside the tier
1 and tier 2 areas, i.e. well beyond the Geo-Fence boundaries in
essence into "tier 3". For example, assume a user wishes to use his
mobile device when he leaves Los Angeles and crosses the border
into Mexico and he has no international roaming agreement. The MSC
or BSC in Mexico would determine that the mobile device belongs to
a U.S. based network based on IMSI, mobile country code (MCC) and
mobile network code (MNC). This may be equivalent to coarse
detection. Additionally, fine GPS detection may take place as well.
The voice and or data traffic would be directed back to the HLR
associated with CC (or CSP system 530). The CC would identify the
device as roaming and communicate with the CDA 140 via, for
example, SMS, and the CDA 140 would present an offer to purchase a
"day pass" or pay as you go roaming plan. The services may then be
provisioned in real time by CC (or CSP system 530).
[0305] Another closely related embodiment describes the application
of the CSP, Global Platform, and Geo-Fence technology described in
detail above to "Machine-to-Machine" (hereinafter "M2M") devices.
Unlike mobile phones, the primary purpose of a connected M2M device
is not wireless communications per se. Rather, wireless
communication enhances the M2M devices. For example, connected
navigation devices are firstly navigation devices, but are enhanced
by being connected; a security system is not designed primarily for
wireless communications, but is greatly enhanced by wireless
connectivity, etc.
[0306] M2M rate plans and pricing models differ significantly from
their mobile phone counterparts. M2M devices may transmit data
infrequently perhaps remaining silent for days, months, or even
years. When a M2M does transmit, the data size maybe very small (1
Mbyte) or very large (10 Gbytes). On the other hand, very small
data transmissions carried out by millions of M2M devices can
amount to a significant amount of total data usage. Thus,
structuring and implementing rate plans and pricing models can be a
challenge for the multitude of M2M applications. Various factors to
be considered when structuring price/rate plans include the number
of deployed M2M devices, the amount and frequency of data usage,
and the geographical area of use.
[0307] M2M devices are deployed in application-specific telemetry
systems to collect data using sensors and transmit the data to a
destination such as a server accessible over the Internet (or other
data network). In the past, telemetry systems were the exclusive
domain of very large well financed organizations. For example,
large oil and gas companies and electric utilities, through the use
of custom-built, proprietary data networks, were some of the first
private organizations to use telemetry. In recent years, however,
the cost of access to public wireless data networks has dropped,
opening the door for new, cost effective M2M applications
including, for example, fleet management, point-of-sale
transactions, consumer electronics, healthcare monitoring,
security, and surveillance, to name a few.
[0308] An example of M2M mobile technology that would benefit from
Control Center/CSP/Global platform based Geo-Fence technology is
the vehicle telemetry system referred to as "OnStar.RTM.". OnStar
Corporation is a subsidiary of General Motors that provides
subscription-based communications, in-vehicle security, hands free
calling, turn-by-turn navigation, and remote diagnostics systems
throughout the United States, Canada and China. Some additional
features of an OEM system are Automatic Crash Response, Stolen
Vehicle Tracking, Turn-by-Turn Navigation, and Roadside Assistance.
The OnStar service relies on mobile phone voice and data
communication, as well as location information using GPS
technology. Drivers and passengers can use the OnStar audio
interface to contact OnStar representatives for emergency services,
vehicle diagnostics and directions.
[0309] The OnStar service allows users to contact OnStar call
centers during an emergency. In the event of a collision, detected
by airbag deployment or other sensors, Advanced Automatic Collision
Notification features can automatically send information about the
vehicle's condition and GPS location to OnStar call centers.
[0310] In the case of an embedded OnStar M2M device, in the absence
of potentially dangerous events such as a road hazard, an OnStar
M2M device may be silent for long stretches of time with little to
no data transmission. However, certain other logistical factors
tend to complicate the structuring of price/rate plans for data
service. For example, OnStar M2M devices require firmware updates
on a regular basis. In addition, embedded OnStar devices frequently
cross geographical boundaries and in essence become "roaming
devices" subjected to costly "roaming charges". Thus, structuring
price/rate plans must include factors such as the number of
deployed M2M devices, the amount, frequency, urgency, and time of
data usage per device, and the geographical areas of use. Different
geographical zones have different pricing. Preferred zones such as
home networks have preferential pricing versus non-preferred zones
such as roaming networks.
[0311] For example, a firmware update can be graded on a sliding
scale from 1-10, one being non-urgent and ten being
urgent/critical. The size or amount of data in the firmware
download may also be a determinative factor. The additional factors
to consider for price/rate plans could be the location of the
vehicle, i.e., whether in a home network area versus a roaming
network. Location determination being either GPS based or wireless
network based. The time of day, i.e., the evening being preferable
for non-urgent upgrades and daytime only if urgent/critical. A wild
card factor could be the accessibility of a WiFi network wherein
WiFi accessible trumps all other factors because of a low cost and
a high speed download.
[0312] Another potential use case could be that of multi-media
application data use such as real time streaming of audio and/or
video content. All of the same factors discussed above may apply,
e.g., the amount, frequency, urgency, and time of data usage per
device, and the geographical areas of use. A wild card factor could
be the accessibility of a WiFi network wherein WiFi accessible
trumps all other factors. Another wild card could be whether an end
user/consumer pays for the data usage or whether a third party pays
for the data usage wherein end user/consumer paying trumps 3.sup.rd
party.
[0313] For example assuming that, absent an end user/consumer
paying, OnStar may provide six months of free multi-media data
usage with the caveat that the audio and video content be
pre-selectable and placed in a "shopping cart" and that data
downloading be selectively scheduled based on a set of optimum
circumstances/factors such as restricted to evening download after
11 PM on weekdays only and WiFi based downloading being
unrestricted at any time.
[0314] The key to successfully implementing a Control
Center/CSP/Global Platform based Geo-Fence technology is the use of
CSP system technology as discussed above. Real-time contextual
assessments are provided by CSP recommendation engines. The CSP
recommendation engine performs wireless network profiling and
creates real time solutions to be pushed to customers such as GM
OnStar. The CSP system monitors the wireless environment including
monitoring all network elements, determining preferred networks,
and determining the location and availability of WiFi hotspots.
[0315] The CSP recommendation engine makes a recommendation
regarding a specific rate/pricing plan for data usage based upon a
number of factors that drive a contextual assessment, such as the
amount, frequency, urgency, and time of data usage per device, and
the geographical areas of use, operator(s) rate plans for data
usage, operator alliances (i.e., business and roaming agreements),
and data and time usage.
[0316] In one embodiment, the recommendation engine (which is one
of CSP engines 122 in CSP system 530 shown in FIG. 6) is the CSP's
mechanism for creating real-time contextual solutions. CSP system
530 provides customized contextual solutions based on contextual
assessments of a customer's current "context." Such "context"
includes, but is not limited to, type of contract, time in
contract, applicable business rules, operator alliances (i.e.,
business and roaming agreements), regional laws, past current and
projected network usage/demand/capacity, loyalty status, data and
voice usage, value (or valuation) of customer, time (of a latest
data request), location (of a latest data request) and prior
history. The contextual assessments can be made by CSP engines 122,
which run on hosted service platform 120 of FIG. 1 and perform the
functions that include, but are not limited to, customer profiling,
micro-segmentation, real-time rating and policy, real-time alerts
and offers, and targeted recommendations for offers and
promotions.
[0317] In the embodiment shown, the CSP recommendation engine
analyzes the information collected from multiple network nodes,
including HLR's, MSC's, VLR's, SMSC's, SGSN's, GGSN's, RADIUS,
etc., and the like by data mining and micro-segmentation. The CSP
recommendation engine makes a recommendation regarding a specific
rate/pricing plan for data usage based upon a number of factors
that drive a contextual assessment, such as the amount, frequency,
urgency, and time of data usage per device, and the geographical
areas of use, operator(s) rate plans for data usage, operator
alliances (i.e., business and roaming agreements), and data and
time usage. The recommendation engine creates or recommends
real-time solutions based on results of customer profiling, as well
as factors of the contextual assessment and information received
from PCRF, OCS and CDRs. The recommendation engine allows the
operator personnel to create and set automated alerts that provide
customers notification of key lifecycle events, e.g. firmware
upgrades, device roaming, reaching a usage threshold, approaching a
bill cycle date, accessing a non-included service such as roaming.
Thus, when a M2M device's real-time usage or expected usage reaches
a limit or threshold, expects to reach a limit or threshold and
triggers a real-time alert, the solutions that are created by the
recommendation engine can be automated and delivered to key network
elements and the M2M device instantly.
[0318] Key network elements such as the PCRF and OCS may be tightly
integrated with CSP system 530 so that when a CSP recommendation
engine selects a new plan, that plan can be provisioned through the
PCRF and OCS in real time. Thus, the customer or subscriber can be
served immediately. It may be necessary that the other systems,
such as customer care, within an IT infrastructure are aware of the
new plan being provisioned. For that reason, as explained later,
CSP system 530 interfaces to the operator's provisioning/order
entry system. In one embodiment, CSP system 530 may manage the
provisioning/order entry of data service upgrades with the
CSP-integrated PCRF and OCS.
[0319] Another embodiment that may be considered a subset of
geographical determination and automated cost management involves
the capability of a Control Center based Global Platform solution
including location updating in conjunction with re-IMSI to local or
preferred IMSIs to avoid costly or excessive roaming charges. The
Global Platform for managing SIMs is discussed above in. The Global
Platform utilizes a rules engine driven by business rules to
automatically determine when, where, and how to re-IMSI a mobile
device to mitigate or reduce the costs associated with roaming
devices. The re-IMSI technology and principles apply equally well
to the case of M2M mobile devices.
[0320] OnStar may choose to partner with a wireless network
operator (e.g., AT&T) to provide vehicles equipped with vehicle
telemetry and infotainment systems the ability to receive and
transmit data via the wireless network during configurable
lifecycles including various stages.
[0321] FIG. 42 illustrates the types of services that OnStar in
combination with the wireless network operator may deliver to a
consumer. The OnStar system may deliver base services 4202
including firmware updates, telemetry, engine data, etc. that are
invisible to the consumer. Additionally, the OnStar system may
enable hands--free calling 4204, safety and security (crash
notification, SOS calls etc.) and directions and connections
(navigation and points of interest POI) 4206. The wireless network
operator may provide infotainment (applications such as an owner's
manual, Pandora, and Netflix) 4208 that may be delivered via the
OnStar system. The wireless network operator may also enable a
Wi-Fi Hotspot 4210 as well.
[0322] FIG. 43 illustrates an example of a lifecycle of a mobile
terminal, such as a mobile device or a motor vehicle (e.g., a car)
equipped with wireless communication capabilities according one
embodiment. Using a car equipped with a vehicle telemetry and
infotainment system as an example (e.g., OnStar), the lifecycle of
the car may include five stages or states: factory 4302, demo 4304,
free trial 4306, subscribed 4308 and dormant 4310 according to one
embodiment. In alternative embodiments, the car may be configured
to have a different number of stages/states and each stage/state
may be configured to have different characteristics from the
description below. Thus, it is understood that the following
description of the lifecycle is one example and different
configurations may exist and be used.
[0323] The various stages/states may also be mapped to various
provisioned states as discussed above in which wireless
communication provisioning using state transition or allocation
rules associated with an identifier is disclosed. Various states
are defined and state transition or allocation rules are defined
between, for example, first and second states. In some embodiments,
one or more identifiers are stored in a subscriber identity module
(SIM). In some embodiments, the one or more identifiers are IMSIs.
In some embodiments, a plurality of states are defined, a plurality
of state transition or allocation rules are defined, and a group of
states and transition/allocation rules are selected and associated
with one or more identifiers. In some embodiments, wireless
communications comprise mobile data, mobile cellular
communications, or any other appropriate wireless
communications.
[0324] Referring to FIG. 43, in one embodiment, the first
stage/state of the lifecycle is the factory stage 4302, during
which the car is being manufactured in a factory and/or being
transported to a dealership. The wireless communication
capabilities of the car may not have been turned on or may be
tested with limited connections. When the manufacturing of the car
is completed and the car is shipped to a dealership lot, the demo
stage 4304 of the lifecycle begins, and the wireless network
operator (e.g., AT&T) may issue a hardware subsidy 4312 to
OnStar as a billing credit. During the demo stage 4304, the car may
be test-driven by car salespersons as well as by potential buyers
(e.g., end consumers). During the test drive a salesperson may
demonstrate the wireless communication capability of the car using
the OnStar system; e.g., by accessing a Web application or turning
on the navigation system. In this example, during the demo stage
4304 all wireless usage may be free (i.e., no invoice will be
generated by the wireless network operator), except for the
re-flash (i.e., firmware update) 4314 of OnStar service
applications. For the firmware update, the wireless network
operator may bill OnStar at a wholesale rate for data usage. If the
car is not sold or otherwise does not leave the dealership lot for
an extended period of time, the wireless network operator may
charge a penalty to OnStar for the extended period of demo stage.
Alternatively, the wireless network operator may bill OnStar at a
wholesale rate for data usage during the demo stage.
[0325] When the car is sold or leased to an end consumer, the
authorized user of the car is changed (e.g., from the car
dealership to the end consumer). At this point, the lifecycle of
the car enters a free-trial stage 4306 during which a number of
wireless services are provided to the car free of charge to the end
consumer for a pre-determined period of time (e.g., six months).
However, OnStar may be billed at a wholesale rate (for what would
otherwise be consumer retail usage) by the wireless network
operator for at least a portion of the charges incurred by the
consumer's wireless usage during the free-trial period 4316. The
wireless services may include vehicle telemetry services,
infotainment services, Web application access, phone calls, SMS
messaging, etc. The free-trial stage 4306 ends when the consumer
subscribes to one or more of the retail wireless service plans, or
when the pre-determined time trial period expires. If the free
trial results in a user subscription, the wireless network operator
may issue a new customer bounty (i.e. finders fee) 4318 to the
subscribed service provider (e.g., OnStar) in the form of a billing
credit. The next stage in the lifecycle is the subscribed stage
4308, during which the consumer is billed by the wireless service
operator for his wireless usage at a retail rate. Wireless
communication between the consumer and OnStar may be billed to
OnStar at a wholesale rate. The retail revenue is shared among the
control center operator, wireless network operator, and OnStar
4320. At some point the consumer may decide to stop the
subscription plans or release the use of the car (e.g., when the
car is out of service or when the car lease ends). The lifecycle of
the car then enters the dormant stage 4310 in which little or no
wireless communication occurs. The wireless usage at the dormant
stage 4310 may be charged to OnStar at a wholesale rate.
[0326] The transition of stages/states in the lifecycle occurs when
a transition condition is detected by the control center server.
The control center CC (or CSP system 530) may detect the transition
condition by receiving a request or notification from the wireless
network operator or from OnStar, by detecting a change of vehicle
location (e.g., when the car is shipped from one country to
another) via a GSM registration (e.g. location update), or by
inspecting the header or data portion of the wireless transmission
from the car. Upon detecting the transition condition, the control
center generates a provision instruction to instruct the PCRF to
transition from the current state to a next state (change the
applicable PCRF rule according to the business rule). In one
embodiment, each state may represent a stage in the lifecycle, and
each state is associated with a set of business rules that
determines the wireless usage restriction. For example, the usage
restriction may include wireless usage quota, allow or disallow
data associated with an APN, allow or disallow data from an
application, e.g., Pandora, Netflix, Facebook, or Web browser, etc.
The control center may inform the PCRF that a new set of rules is
to be used for the car (which is identified by an IMSI) at a new
stage/state of the lifecycle. The control center in response to a
transition condition also generates billing instructions according
to the new set of business rules associated with the new stage, as
well as the wireless usage type (e.g., data type) being transmitted
in the new stage. The billing instructions may be issued to
internal or external (e.g., network operator's) billing systems as
to which party or parties to bill for what types of wireless usage
and at what rate. The control center in response to a transition
condition may also generate provisioning instructions to an HLR to
change a subscription profile of the car (as identified by the
IMSI). For example, the car may be allowed roaming in one stage of
the lifecycle but may not be allowed roaming in another stage; the
car may be allowed access to a Web service in one stage of the
lifecycle but may not be allowed the Web service in another stage.
In one example, the subscription profile of the car may be set such
that the roaming. SMS, Voice, and/or Data services associated with
a specific APN may be allowed or disallowed at any stage of the
lifecyle.
[0327] FIG. 44 illustrates an embodiment of a breakdown of
wholesale vs. retail usage. In one embodiment, vehicular wireless
usage are transmitted through and inspected by an LTE PGW 4402 or
GGSN 171 coupled to the control center (hosted service platform
120), see also FIG. 1. The PGW 4402/GGSN 171 may inspect the header
of a packet for source or destination IP addresses or an APN
specified in the packet; and/or the data portion of the packet
through Packet Inspection or Deep Packet Inspection (DPI). Deep
Packet Inspection (DPI) is discussed above. Alternatively, PGW
4402/GGSN 171 may receive packet information, session information,
PDP context information, tunnel ID, etc., from a SGSN supporting or
communicating with the GGSN. The types of wireless usage may
include, but are not limited to: OnStar service usage 4404, GM paid
application usage 4406, retail application usage 4408, Wi-Fi usage
4410, and the like. The PGW 4402/GGSN 171 inspects the packet data
and informs the control center rating engine 122 (see also FIG. 1)
of the type of data being transmitted. Alternatively, the PGW
4402/GGSN 171 obtains the APN from the SGSN via the PDP
context/session ID, determines the type of packet data and informs
the control center rating engine 122 (see also FIG. 1) of the type
of data being transmitted. For OnStar service usage 4404 and GM
paid application usage 4406, the rating engine 122 generates
billing instructions to bill OnStar at a wholesale rate. For retail
application usage 4408 and Wi-Fi usage 4410, the rating engine 122
may generate billing instructions to be sent to the wireless
network operator (e.g., AT&T), which in turn generates invoices
to the end consumers. Alternatively, if the PGW 4402/GGSN 171
detects a retail data stream is being transmitted to/from a car, it
informs the wireless network operator's billing system 4430 (see
OCS 4630 FIG. 46) via the Gy interface 4412. OnStar does not get
billed for retail application usage 4408 and Wi-Fi usage 4410.
[0328] FIG. 45 illustrates an embodiment of an application level
differentiation and pricing. In the example of FIG. 44, the
wireless usage monitored by the PGW 4402/GGSN 171 can be
differentiated based on the APN specified in the packet data,
session information, PDP context information, tunnel ID, etc. A
mobile terminal may be associated with multiple APNs. Through each
APN the mobile terminal may access one or more wireless services.
Thus, the APN can be used to differentiate the wireless service
type provided to the wireless terminal. The PGW 4402/GGSN 171
inspects the packet data, session information, PDP context
information, tunnel ID, etc. transmitted to and/or from the
wireless terminal, and informs the control center 120 of the APN
associated with the packet data. In some scenarios when further
application level differentiation is necessary, the control center
120 is informed of the wireless service type as well as the APN.
The control center 120 (or more specifically, the rating engine 122
of the control center 120) then generates billing instructions
accordingly. For example, referring to FIG. 45, APN1 4502 is
associated with OnStar firmware update 4504, which is subject to a
first wholesale pricing 4506. APN1 4502 is also associated with
OnStar safety and security services 4508 as well as other OnStar
traffic 4510, which are subject to a second wholesale pricing 4512.
APN2 4514 is associated with infotainment services 4516 such as GM
sponsored applications 4518, which are subject to a third wholesale
pricing 4520. APN2 4514 is also associated with retail applications
4522, which are subject to a retail pricing 4524 instead of a
wholesale pricing. The data stream associated with retail
applications 4522 can be discriminated from the data stream
associated with GM sponsored applications 4518 by PGW 4402/GGSN 171
performing packet inspection and/or DPI. APN3 4526 is also
associated with Wi-Fi hotspot 4528 usage for any applications 4530
which are subject to a retail pricing 4526 (or free of charge)
instead of a wholesale pricing.
[0329] FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of real-time retail usage
and policy integration. In this embodiment, the PGW 4402/GGSN 171
receives packet data from a radio access network (RAN) 4602. Based
on the APN 4608 (shown in the packet data as an IP address)
specified in the packet data, the PGW 4402/GGSN 171 breaks down an
incoming data stream into separate streams, each with a different
APN. The PGW 4402/GGSN 171 determines the wireless usage type of
the packet data based on the APN. If the PGW 4402/GGSN 171 detects
that a retail data stream is being transmitted to/from a car, it
informs the wireless network operator's OCS 4630 via the Gy
interface 4612. Based on the current business rules, the OCS 4630
determines the allowable data plan, such as quota and duration for
the car's wireless usage of retail data stream. The OCS 4630 in
turn communicates the retail usage to the control center 120 via a
policy update interface 4614. The control center 120 may
communicate with the PCRF 173 for any necessary policy/rule
updates, and the PCRF 173 may in turn communicate with the PGW
4402/GGSN 171 about the update via the Gx interface 4616. The PGW
4402/GGSN 171 also generates offline CDRs 4620 for wholesale data
streams (e.g., OnStar service usage). The CDRs may be stored in a
data storage 4622, utilized by wholesale rating function 4624 and
reported by reporting function 4626 to the wireless network
operator reporting systems 4628 for wholesale billing. The data
storage 4622, wholesale rating function 4624 and reporting function
4626 may be considered to be a part of the rating engine 122, see
also FIG. 44.
[0330] As described herein, the processes performed by the
provisioning server 3450, the OTA server 3440, the HLR 3430 (see
FIG. 34A) and other network elements shown in FIGS. 34-41 may be
implemented by specific configurations of hardware such as
application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) configured to
perform certain operations or having a predetermined functionality,
or electronic devices executing software instructions stored in
memory embodied in a non-transitory computer readable storage
medium. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage media
include: magnetic disks; optical disks; random access memory; read
only memory; flash memory devices; phase-change memory, and the
like. In addition, such electronic devices typically include a set
of one or more processors coupled to one or more other components,
such as one or more storage devices (non-transitory
machine-readable storage media), user input/output devices (e.g., a
keyboard, a touchscreen, and/or a display), and network
connections. The coupling of the set of processors and other
components is typically through one or more busses and bridges
(also termed as bus controllers). Thus, the storage device of a
given electronic device typically stores code and/or data for
execution on the set of one or more processors of that electronic
device. One or more parts of an embodiment of the invention may be
implemented using different combinations of software, firmware,
and/or hardware.
[0331] It is to be understood that the above description is
intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many other
embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon
reading and understanding the above description. The scope of the
invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the
appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which
such claims are entitled.
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