U.S. patent application number 14/874462 was filed with the patent office on 2016-10-13 for asphalt compositions comprising hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil, asphalt products made from such asphalt compositions, and the methods of making and using such compositions and products.
This patent application is currently assigned to SHAMROCK M.E.D. LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Shamrock M.E.D. LLC. Invention is credited to TAYRN G. NAIDOO, TERRY NAIDOO.
Application Number | 20160297969 14/874462 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 56407334 |
Filed Date | 2016-10-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160297969 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
NAIDOO; TERRY ; et
al. |
October 13, 2016 |
ASPHALT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING HYDROGENATED AND AMINATED VEGETABLE
OIL, ASPHALT PRODUCTS MADE FROM SUCH ASPHALT COMPOSITIONS, AND THE
METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SUCH COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS
Abstract
An additive comprising a hydrogenated and aminated vegetable
oil, products made thereof including asphalts, asphalt pellets,
asphalt paving, roofing materials, adhesives, glues, inks,
coatings, sealants, paints, color dispersants, polymers, transfer
inks, and other products made thereof, and methods of making and
using said compositions and products. Methods of modifying asphalt
include contacting asphalt with a hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil.
Inventors: |
NAIDOO; TERRY; (DIAMONDHEAD,
MS) ; NAIDOO; TAYRN G.; (DIAMONDHEAD, MS) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Shamrock M.E.D. LLC |
Diamondhead |
MS |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
SHAMROCK M.E.D. LLC
Diamondhead
MS
|
Family ID: |
56407334 |
Appl. No.: |
14/874462 |
Filed: |
October 4, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14600844 |
Jan 20, 2015 |
|
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14874462 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C08L 2555/52 20130101;
C08L 2555/64 20130101; E01C 7/35 20130101; Y02A 30/333 20180101;
C08L 95/00 20130101; E01C 7/32 20130101; C08L 91/06 20130101; E04D
1/20 20130101; E01C 11/005 20130101; Y02A 30/30 20180101; C08L
95/00 20130101; C08L 91/06 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C08L 95/00 20060101
C08L095/00; E04D 1/20 20060101 E04D001/20; E01C 7/35 20060101
E01C007/35; E01C 7/32 20060101 E01C007/32 |
Claims
1. An asphalt composition comprising a hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil and an asphalt.
2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising aggregate.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil is castor
oil.
4. The composition of claim 3 further comprising aggregate.
5. A method of making an asphalt composition comprising contacting
an asphalt with a hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein aggregate is included in the
composition.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the vegetable oil comprises
castor oil.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein aggregate is included in the
composition.
9. A pavement structure comprising: a substrate pavement layer;
and, a tack coat applied to the substrate pavement layer, wherein
the tack coat comprises an asphalt and a hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil.
10. The pavement structure of claim 9, wherein the vegetable oil
comprises castor oil.
11. A pavement structure comprising: At least one layer comprising
asphalt and a hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil.
12. The pavement structure of claim 11 wherein the at least one
layer further comprises aggregate.
13. The pavement structure of claim 11, where the vegetable oil is
castor oil.
14. The pavement structure of claim 13 wherein the at least one
layer further comprises aggregate.
15. A roofing shingle comprising asphalt and a hydrogenated and
aminated vegetable oil.
16. The shingle of claim 15 wherein the vegetable oil is castor
oil.
17. A method of sealing a surface, comprising applying to the
surface a sealant comprising asphalt and a hydrogenated and
aminated vegetable oil.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the vegetable oil comprises
castor oil.
19. A method of forming a blown asphalt, the method comprising:
Providing an asphalt mixture comprising asphalt and a hydrogenated
and aminated vegetable oil; and, Blowing the asphalt mixture to
form blown asphalt.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the vegetable oil is castor
oil.
21. A method of pelletizing asphalt, the method comprising:
Providing an asphalt mixture comprising asphalt and a hydrogenated
and aminated vegetable oil; and, Pelletizing the asphalt mixture to
form asphalt pellets.
22. The method of claim 23, wherein the vegetable oil comprises
castor oil.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION DATA
[0001] This application claims priority from and is a continuation
in part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 14/600,844, filed Jan. 20, 2015,
the specification of which is herein incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to asphalt compositions, to
asphalt products made from such asphalt compositions, and to
methods of making and using such compositions and products. In
another aspect, the present invention relates to asphalt
compositions which may be readily applied to surfaces using common
equipment and techniques, to asphalt surfaces formed therefrom, and
to methods of making and using such compositions and surfaces. In
even another aspect, the present invention relates to asphalt
compositions using for making thin and ultrathin paving layers, and
to method for making and using such compositions and layers. In
still another aspect, the present invention relates to asphalt
compositions useful in making a non-tracking, hot applied tack coat
for bonding two layers of hot mix asphalt together, to
non-tracking, hot applied tack coats, to multiple layer surfaces in
which the top coat is a non-tracking, hot applied tack coat, and to
methods of making and using the foregoing. In yet another aspect,
the present invention relates to asphalt compositions comprising a
high Pen (i.e., flexible) asphalt, and to products made therefrom,
and to methods of making and using such compositions and products.
In even still another aspect, the present invention relates to
asphalt compositions comprising a lower rotational viscosity
asphalt (especially in combination with maintaining a higher
softening point), and to products made therefrom, and to methods of
making and using such compositions and products. In even yet
another aspect, the present invention relates to asphalt
compositions comprising a more ductile asphalt to provide products
made therefrom some capability of stretching or movement under
traffic loading or weather related expansion and contraction, and
to products made therefrom, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products. In still even another aspect, the
present invention relates to asphalt compositions comprising an
asphalt having a sufficient elastic recovery to allow products made
therefrom to recover after traffic load had passed or weather
related fatigue, and to products made therefrom, and to methods of
making and using such compositions and products. In still yet
another aspect, the present invention relates to asphalt
compositions comprising an asphalt having a lower bond strength, to
provide some flexibility to products made therefrom and allow then
to move/give way under traffic loading and temperature sweeps (warm
to cold e.g., summer/winter and cold front weather), and to
products made therefrom, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products. In even another aspect, the present
invention relates to use of vegetable oil that is both hydrogenated
and aminated for modifying asphalt, to methods of modifying asphalt
by the addition of such hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil, to
asphalt compositions comprising hydrogenated and aminated vegetable
oil, and to asphalts products comprising hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil, and to methods of making and using such compositions
and products. In even another aspect, the present invention relates
to asphalt paving compositions comprising hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil, and to asphalt pavement comprising hydrogenated and
aminated vegetable oil, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products. In still another aspect, the present
invention relates to hot-mix and warm mix asphalt paving
compositions comprising hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil,
and to hot mix and warm mix asphalt pavement comprising
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil, and to methods of making
and using such compositions and products. In yet another aspect,
the present invention relates to asphalt roofing compositions
comprising hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil, and to asphalt
roofing products and roofs comprising hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil, and to methods of making and using such compositions
and products. In even still another aspect, the present invention
relates to methods of preparing roofing asphalt materials without
the need for blowing, and to products made thereby. In even yet
another aspect, the present invention relates to methods of
upgrading asphalts by the addition of hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil, and to compositions and products made therefrom. In
yet even another aspect, the present invention relates to asphalt
compositions in which hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil is
utilized to reduce the necessary polymer levels in the asphalt
composition and to methods of making an using such, and to products
made therewith. In yet still another aspect, the present invention
relates to glues, paints, sealants, coatings, color pigment
dispersions, and inks comprising hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil, and to methods of making an using such, and to
products made therewith. In a further aspect, the present invention
relates to blown asphalt or asphalt pellets comprising hydrogenated
and aminated vegetable oil, and to methods of making an using such,
and to products made therewith. In even a further aspect, the
present invention relates to production of polyvinylchloride or
polyethylene utilizing a hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil,
and to methods of making an using such, and to products made
therewith.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 5,069,578, issued Dec. 31, 1991, to Bense et
al., discloses a Bonded Friction Course ("BFC") road asphalt
system, known as the NOVACHIP process which utilizes a specialized
"Spray Paver" machine to apply a thick layer of polymer modified
tack coat immediately before a thin gap-graded Hot Melt Adhesive
("HMA") asphalt layer is applied. This polymer modified tack coat
wicks into the new gap graded mix by displacement and water
vaporization. The tack coat provides a degree of adhesion or
bonding between the layers and also acts to reduce slippage and
sliding of the layers relative to other layers in the pavement
structure during use or due to wear and weathering of the pavement
structure. The thick application of the tack coat further seals
minor cracks in the existing surface layer and forms a strong bond
between the new HMA layer and the existing pavement.
[0006] Unfortunately, the NOVACHIP bonded friction course system
can be prohibitively expensive due to the requirement that the
specialized "Spray Paver" machine be used. In the 2011, each spray
paver machine was reported to cost almost $500,000, and many paving
contractors and state and county transportation agencies cannot
justify the expense. However, without the use of the NOVACHIP Spray
Paver, the thick layer of emulsified polymer modified tack coat
used in a bonded friction course system would be very difficult to
work with. The thick layer of emulsion tack coat would have a very
slow cure rate, resulting in unacceptable delays and also tracking
of the tack coat layer. Tracking occurs when the tack or bonding
coat is picked up on the tires or tracks of vehicles traveling over
the coated surface. Where this occurs, the asphalt compositions
often are tracked onto other pavement surfaces causing disruption
to the surrounding area. This tracking also reduces the
effectiveness of the tack coat by displacing a portion of the
intended volume from the area awaiting a new pavement layer.
[0007] Insufficient adhesion between a new layer of pavement and an
existing base course, a previously laid pavement layer, or a
prepared pavement surface can cause pavement separation and
cracking during construction of the structure, as well as
subsequent failures and premature deterioration of the pavement
structure and/or surface. Such conditions often require costly
repairs, can cause damage to vehicles traveling on the surface and
may cause dangerous traffic conditions threatening damage to
property and injury to vehicles and passengers.
[0008] To overcome the need for the specialized NOVACHIP "Spray
Paver" machine, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20110206455, published
Aug. 25, 2011, by Blacklidge, discloses a method of applying
building a pavement structure using a polymer modified hot-applied
tack coat that is applied with conventional asphalt distributors
without the need for any specialized machinery. This polymer
modified tack coat is non-adhesive at ambient temperatures, and,
thus, also non tracking. The tack is applied while hot, but cools
quickly. The subsequent application of hot mix asphalt results in a
superior bond between the asphalt layer and the tack layer. It is
particularly well suited to bonded friction course applications
since it removes the necessity of specialized spray paving
machinery and allows the use of conventional asphalt distributors
and pavers.
[0009] Other asphalt related art includes the following patents and
publications.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,177, issued Apr. 15, 1980, to Ray, Jr.,
et al., discloses methods and apparatus for repair of asphalt
surfaces. The invention provides an improvement for those systems
for repairing asphalt surfaces that include an emulsion tank, air
pressure source, emulsion heating source, pneumatic tools and a
vehicle having a fluid cooled engine and a utility body for
containing asphalt repairing material. Specifically, the
improvement disclosed is an emulsion tank removably mounted on said
vehicle for containing a water soluble, air cured, sealer-bonding
agent, an air compressor mounted on and driven by said vehicle
engine, an air storage tank removably mounted on said vehicle and
coupled to said compressor and pressurized thereby, means for
selectively coupling air from said pressurized tank to said
pneumatic tools and said emulsion tank and means coupling said
vehicle cooling fluid to said emulsion tank for heating said
emulsion to a usable temperature whereby certain of said pneumatic
tools may be selectively driven by said compressed air in said
storage tank to trim a damaged asphalt surface, spray emulsion over
said trimmed are under pressure from said compressed air tank, and
compact said asphalt repairing material into said trimmed and
sealed area thereby repairing said damaged asphalt area.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 4,762,565, issued Aug. 9, 1988, to Graf,
discloses an open-graded asphalt paving composition comprising
about 80 to 97% by weight of an open-graded aggregate and about 3
to 20% asphalt, said composition being formed by successively
mixing two asphalt-containing emulsions A and B with said aggregate
wherein: emulsion A comprises about 40 to 75% by weight of a soft
asphalt having a viscosity in the range of 50 to 1000 centistokes
at 210.degree. F. and 0.25 to 5% by weight of a emulsifier, and
water as a continuous phase of said emulsion to make up 100% by
weight; and emulsion B comprises about 40 to 75% by weight of a
hard asphalt having a penetration 5 to 25 dmm at 77.degree. F. and
0.25 to 5% by weight of a emulsifier, and water as a continuous
phase of said emulsion to make up 100% by weight.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,857, issued Jun. 6, 1989, to Hopkins
discloses asphalt additive compositions which comprise (A) a
metallic organic strength improving compound and (B) an anti-strip
compound. The metal of said metallic organic compound is selected
from the group consisting of manganese, cobalt, copper, vanadium,
molybdenum, cerium, iron, nickel, lead, zirconium, barium, calcium
and zinc. The preferred metal is manganese. The anti-strip compound
is designed to reduce water-induced damage to asphalt paving
mixtures.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 5,735,634, issued Apr. 7, 1998 to Ulrich et
al., discloses a road finisher, which is used for simultaneously
applying at least two surface layers comprises a chassis, a
travelling mechanism, at least two premix containers arranged on
said chassis, a lateral distributor associated with the respective
premix container and adapted to have material supplied thereto via
a conveyor path extending in the chassis, and lateral outriggers
attached to the chassis as well as a dragged road-surface applying
device used for applying a surface layer and arranged on said
outriggers, all road-surface applying devices being high-compaction
road-surface applying screeds for re-compaction-free application of
a surface layer, and each high-compaction road-surface applying
screed constituting a rear screed, when seen in the direction of
movement, which is constructed as a high-compaction road-surface
applying screed which is adapted to be used for applying and
compacting concrete. In the method of applying surface layers by
use of such a road finisher, the surface layers are applied one
immediately after the other and in one operation in such a way that
each first surface layer is highly compacted during application to
such a degree that re-compaction is no longer necessary and each
following surface layer is applied to the highly-compacted surface
layer and then, in turn, highly compacted to such a degree that
re-compaction is no longer necessary.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,567, issued Jun. 23, 1998 to Durand et
al., discloses a process and a machine for forming a bonding layer
for bonding a bituminous coated material layer on a support. The
process includes application of a surface-active agent on the
support, application of a bituminous emulsion on the surface-active
agent on the support, and application of a breaking agent on the
bituminous emulsion to form the bonding layer. A road-type coating
made by the process and, therefore, including such a support layer,
a bonding layer on the support, and a bituminous coated materials
layer on the bonding layer. To perform the process, a machine
includes a frame, a displacement mechanism on the frame, a
bituminous-emulsion spreader on the frame, a surface-active agent
applicator on the frame, and a breaking agent applicator on the
frame.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 6,444,258, issued Sep. 3, 2002 to Terry,
discloses a method and apparatus of treating a pavement surface,
including the steps of: applying a layer of bituminous sealant at a
predetermined temperature and application rate on the pavement
surface; applying a layer of bituminous emulsion at a predetermined
temperature and application rate on the first of bituminous
sealant, wherein a thermal reaction occurs between the bituminous
sealant and the bituminous emulsion so as to accelerate a material
break and cure time for said layers; and, providing a layer of
aggregate particles at a predetermined application rate on the
layers of bituminous sealant and bituminous emulsion during the
thermal reaction. The steps of the method are performed
successively along a particular direction of advance at a rate
which permits them to be accomplished within a predetermined time
period. Additional steps of compacting the layers and/or applying
an asphalt layer thereon may also be performed.
[0016] U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070141241, published Jun. 21,
2007 by Blacklidge, a method for bonding together an existing
substrate layer and a pavement layer, such that a strong adhesive
bond is formed by using a tack coat, provided by an asphalt
emulsion, in between the layers as the bond coat. The tack coat
layer is a low-tracking coating which cures quickly such that the
pavement layer may be applied to the substrate, hours to days after
the emulsion is applied to the substrate. The asphalt emulsion
comprises at least a first phase of from about 30% to about 70% of
an asphalt composition, about 30% to about 70% water, and about
0.1% to about 3.0% emulsifying agent, stabilizer and/or additives,
or 0.1% to about 30% if polymeric or other additives are also
included.
[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 7,503,724, issued Mar. 17, 2009 to Blacklidge,
discloses a method for bonding together an existing substrate layer
and a pavement layer, such that a strong adhesive bond is formed by
using a tack coat, provided by an asphalt emulsion, in between the
layers as the bond coat. The tack coat layer is a low-tracking
coating which cures quickly such that the pavement layer may be
applied to the substrate, hours to days after the emulsion is
applied to the substrate. The asphalt emulsion comprises at least a
first phase of from about 30% to about 70% of an asphalt
composition, about 30% to about 70% water, and about 0.1% to about
3.0% emulsifying agent, stabilizer and/or additives, or 0.1% to
about 30% if polymeric or other additives are also included.
[0018] U.S. Patent Publication No. 20090169901, published Jul. 2,
2009, by Blacklidge, discloses a method for bonding together an
existing substrate layer and a pavement layer, such that a strong
adhesive bond is formed by using a tack coat, provided by an
asphalt emulsion, in between the layers as the bond coat. The tack
coat layer is a low-tracking coating which cures quickly such that
the pavement layer may be applied to the substrate, hours to days
after the emulsion is applied to the substrate. The asphalt
emulsion comprises at least a first phase of from about 30% to
about 70% of an asphalt composition, about 30% to about 70% water,
and about 0.1% to about 3.0% emulsifying agent, stabilizer and/or
additives, or 0.1% to about 30% if polymeric or other additives are
also included.
[0019] U.S. Patent Publication No. 20090182074, published Jul. 16,
2009 by Scholten, discloses an asphalt binder comprising 85 to 97.5
parts by weight of a bitumen and 16 to 2.5 parts by weigh of a
polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition comprises: (i)
from 2 to 8, preferably from 3 to 6 parts by weight of a styrenic
block copolymer having at least two blocks of monovinylaromatic
hydrocarbon (A) and at least one block of a conjugated diene (B),
wherein the block copolymer composition has a vinyl content of at
least 25% by weight, preferably from 25 to 40% by weight, based on
the total diene content; (ii) from 0 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3
parts by weight of a styrenic di-block copolymer having one block
of monovinylaromatic hydrocarbon (A) and one block of a conjugated
diene (B); and (iii) from 0.5 to 3, preferably from 1 to 2.5 parts
by weight of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, wherein the
weight ratio of (i)+(ii):(iii) is from 2:1 to 6:1, preferably from
3:1 to 4:1. In addition, an asphalt mix is provided comprising 2 to
8 parts by weight of the asphalt binder of the present invention
and 98 to 92 parts by weight of gap-graded aggregate or open-graded
aggregate material. Furthermore, a porous pavement is claimed,
produced from the open or gap-graded mixes, by compacting the
asphalt mix mentioned above.
[0020] U.S. Patent Publication No. 20130154985, published Jun. 6,
2013, by Blacklidge et al., discloses a method of making an asphalt
composition containing large quantities of ground tire rubber. Over
20% GTR by weight can be used in the asphalt composition without
the GTR settling out. The method comprises a series of heating and
blending and using a GTR stabilizer.
[0021] U.S. Pat. No. 8,840,717, issued Sep. 23, 2014, to Naidoo et
al., discloses an additive package for warm-mix asphalt
formulations for the pavement of road surfaces, said additive
package comprising a) surfactant component, and b) an asphalt
rheology modifying component, wherein said asphalt rheology
modifying component comprises at least one of a i) a wax component
and ii) a resin component. The invention also relates to a warm mix
asphalt having improved compaction at lower temperatures, and to a
pavement made from said warm mix asphalt.
[0022] Referring back to the asphalt compositions, products and
methods of the '455 Publication, they utilize low Pen value (i.e.
stiffer) asphalts, and these stiffer asphalts when utilized in
trackless-type tacks, may perform poorly in thin pavements. Such
hard Pen binders are becoming increasingly difficult to source and
further, they are very variable in quality from refinery to
refinery as well as crude oil source variations. Further, while
asphalts of the '455 Publication are far more sprayable than the
prior art NOVACHIP asphalts, there is still room for improvement in
the sprayability of the '455 Publication asphalts that can be
affected by having a lower rotational viscosity asphalt. Even
further, the asphalts of the '455 Publication (as tested in the
Example section below) have ductility of zero, meaning absolutely
no capability of stretching or movement under traffic loading or
weather related expansion and contraction. Still further, the
asphalts of the '455 Publication (as tested in the Example section
below) have an elastic recovery of zero, meaning will absolutely
not allow the Tack Coat to recover after traffic load had passed or
weather related fatigue. Finally, the asphalts of the '455
Publication has high bond strengths. Interestingly, the higher bond
strength is not necessarily better since as the bond becomes too
rigid and will not move/give way under traffic loading and
temperature sweeps (warm to cold eg summer/winter and cold front
weather). Therefore the asphalts of the '455 Publication also have
room for improvement with a lower bond strength to provide/allow
more movement.
[0023] Thus, in spite of the advances in the prior art, there is
still a need in the art for improved asphalt compositions, improved
asphalt products, and methods of making and using such compositions
and products.
[0024] Thus, there is a need in the art for asphalt compositions
comprising a high Pen (i.e., flexible) asphalt, and to products
made therefrom, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products.
[0025] There is another need in the art for asphalt compositions
comprising a lower rotational viscosity asphalt (especially in
combination with maintaining a higher softening point), and to
products made therefrom, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products.
[0026] There is even another need in the art for asphalt
compositions comprising a more ductile asphalt to provide products
made therefrom some capability of stretching or movement under
traffic loading or weather related expansion and contraction, and
to products made therefrom, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products.
[0027] There is still another need in the art for asphalt
compositions comprising an asphalt having a sufficient elastic
recovery to allow products made therefrom to recover after traffic
load had passed or weather related fatigue, and to products made
therefrom, and to methods of making and using such compositions and
products.
[0028] There is yet another need in the art for asphalt
compositions comprising an asphalt having a lower bond strength, to
provide some flexibility to products made therefrom and allow then
to move/give way under traffic loading and temperature sweeps (warm
to cold e.g., summer/winter and cold front weather), and to
products made therefrom, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products.
[0029] Thus, there is a need in the art for methods of increasing
asphalt softening point without the need for blowing, and to
asphalts compositions and products formed from such asphalt.
[0030] There is another need in the art for methods of providing
asphalt compositions comprising a higher softening point while
suffering only a moderate decrease in Pen value, and to asphalts
compositions and products formed from such asphalt.
[0031] The is even another need in the art for methods of providing
asphalt compositions comprising a higher softening point that do
not suffer oxidative aging as with blowing methods, and to asphalts
compositions and products formed from such asphalt.
[0032] There is even another need in the art for methods of up
grading asphalt compositions without resort to blowing, and to
asphalts compositions and products formed from such asphalt.
[0033] These and other needs in the art will become apparent to
those of skill in the art upon review of this specification,
including its drawings and claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0034] It is an object of the present invention to provide for
improved asphalt compositions, improved asphalt products, and
methods of making and using such compositions and products.
[0035] It is another object of the present invention to provide for
asphalt compositions comprising a high Pen (i.e., flexible)
asphalt, and to products made therefrom, and to methods of making
and using such compositions and products.
[0036] It is even another object of the present invention to
provide for asphalt compositions comprising a lower rotational
viscosity asphalt (especially in combination with maintaining a
higher softening point), and to products made therefrom, and to
methods of making and using such compositions and products.
[0037] It is still another object of the present invention to
provide for asphalt compositions comprising a more ductile asphalt
to provide products made therefrom some capability of stretching or
movement under traffic loading or weather related expansion and
contraction, and to products made therefrom, and to methods of
making and using such compositions and products.
[0038] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide
for asphalt compositions comprising an asphalt having a sufficient
elastic recovery to allow products made therefrom to recover after
traffic load had passed or weather related fatigue, and to products
made therefrom, and to methods of making and using such
compositions and products.
[0039] It is even still another object of the present invention to
provide for asphalt compositions comprising an asphalt having a
lower bond strength, to provide some flexibility to products made
therefrom and allow then to move/give way under traffic loading and
temperature sweeps (warm to cold e.g., summer/winter and cold front
weather), and to products made therefrom, and to methods of making
and using such compositions and products.
[0040] It is another object of the present invention to provide for
methods of increasing asphalt softening point without the need for
blowing, and to asphalts compositions and products formed from such
asphalt.
[0041] It is another object of the present invention to provide for
methods of providing asphalt compositions comprising a higher
softening point while suffering only a moderate decrease in Pen
value, and to asphalts compositions and products formed from such
asphalt.
[0042] It is another object of the present invention to provide for
methods of providing asphalt compositions comprising a higher
softening point that do not suffer oxidative aging as with blowing
methods, and to asphalts compositions and products formed from such
asphalt.
[0043] It is another object of the present invention to provide for
methods of up grading asphalt compositions without resort to
blowing, and to asphalts compositions and products formed from such
asphalt.
[0044] These and other objects will become apparent to those of
skill in the art upon review of this specification, including its
drawings and claims.
[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there
is provided a paving composition comprising an aminated wax and an
asphalt cement with a pen value greater than 50 dmm at 25.degree.
C.
[0046] According to another embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a paving composition comprising an aminated wax
and an asphalt cement.
[0047] According to even another embodiment of the present
invention, there is provided a pavement structure comprising: a
substrate pavement layer; and a tack coat applied to the substrate
pavement layer, wherein the tack coat comprises an asphalt cement
with a pen value greater than 50 dmm at 25.degree. C.
[0048] According to still another embodiment of the present
invention, there is provided a pavement structure comprising: a
substrate pavement layer; and, a tack coat applied to the substrate
pavement layer, wherein the tack coat comprises an aminated wax and
an asphalt cement with a pen value greater than 50 dmm at
25.degree. C.
[0049] According to yet another embodiment of the present
invention, there is provided a pavement structure comprising: a
substrate pavement layer; and, a tack coat applied to the substrate
pavement layer, wherein the tack coat comprises an asphalt cement
and an aminated wax.
[0050] According to even still another embodiment of the present
invention, there is provided a method of forming a pavement
structure. The method includes at least applying a tack coat to a
substrate pavement layer, wherein the tack coat comprises an
asphalt cement with a pen value greater than 50 dmm at 25.degree.
C.
[0051] According to even yet another embodiment of the present
invention, there is provided a method of forming a pavement
structure. The method includes at least applying a tack coat
applied to a substrate pavement layer, wherein the tack coat
comprises an aminated wax and an asphalt cement with a pen value
greater than 50 dmm at 25.degree. C.
[0052] According to yet even another embodiment of the present
invention, there is provided a method of forming a pavement
structure. The method includes at least applying a tack coat to a
substrate pavement layer, wherein the tack coat comprises an
asphalt cement and an aminated wax.
[0053] Various sub-embodiments of any of the above embodiments
further include: wherein the rejuvenator comprises tall oil;
compositions and/or tack coat further comprising a polymeric
component; wherein the aminated wax is plant oil derived; wherein
the tack coat comprises a softening point of 135.degree. C. or
higher; wherein the tack coat comprises a rotational viscosity at
150.degree. C. of less than 600 cps; wherein the tack coat
comprises a rotational viscosity at 160.degree. C. of less than 400
cps; wherein the tack coat comprises ductility values at 25.degree.
C. of greater than 1 cm; wherein the tack coat comprises elastic
recovery values at 25.degree. C. of greater than 1%; wherein the
tack coat comprises a bond strength in the range of about 100 psi
to about 300 psi; wherein the tack coat further comprises an
aminated wax derived from castor oil; further comprising an asphalt
layer applied to the tack coat; and/or further comprising allowing
the tack layer to cool and applying an asphalt layer to the tack
coat, the asphalt layer heated to a temperature sufficient to
increase the adhesive properties of the tack coat. It should be
understood that any of the further details as described herein may
be included in any of the embodiments of the invention.
[0054] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided an asphalt composition comprising a hydrogenated
and aminated vegetable oil and an asphalt cement.
[0055] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a method of making an asphalt composition
comprising contacting an asphalt with a hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil.
[0056] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a pavement structure comprising a substrate
pavement layer, and a tack coat applied to the substrate pavement
layer, wherein the tack coat comprises an asphalt cement and a
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil.
[0057] According a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a pavement structure comprising at least one
layer comprising asphalt and a hydrogenated and aminated vegetable
oil.
[0058] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a method of modifying an asphalt comprising
contacting the asphalt with a hydrogenated and aminated vegetable
oil to form a modified asphalt
[0059] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a roofing shingle comprising asphalt and a
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil.
[0060] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a method of making a warm mix additive comprising
contacting asphalt binder with a hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil at temperatures above 250.degree. F.
[0061] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a method of sealing a surface, comprising
applying to the surface, a sealant comprising asphalt and a
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil.
[0062] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a sealant comprising asphalt, a hydrogenated and
aminated vegetable oil, and a solvent.
[0063] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a method of forming a blow asphalt, the method
comprising providing an asphalt mixture comprising asphalt and a
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil, and blowing the asphalt
mixture to form blown asphalt.
[0064] According to a further embodiment of the present invention
thee is provided a method of modifying a blown asphalt comprising
contacting the blown asphalt with hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil.
[0065] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a method of pelletizing asphalt, the method
comprising, providing an asphalt mixture comprising asphalt and a
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil, and pelletizing the
asphalt mixture to form asphalt pellets.
[0066] Even further embodiments of the present invention relate to
adhesives, glues, paints, sealants, coatings, color pigment
dispersions, and inks comprising hydrogenated and aminated
vegetable oil, and to methods of making an using such, and to
products made therewith.
[0067] Even further embodiments of the present invention relate to
production of polyvinylchloride or polyethylene utilizing a
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil, and to methods of making
an using such, and to products made therewith.
[0068] These and other embodiments of the present invention will
become apparent to those of skill in the art upon review of this
specification, including its drawings and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0069] FIG. 1 is a picture showing for example 1, Milled (right)
and Unmilled (left) Substrate Samples.
[0070] FIG. 2 is a picture showing for example 1, substrate samples
at 0.08 gallon/square yard application rate for example 1.
[0071] FIG. 3 is a picture showing for example 1, 0.08 (left) and
0.13 (right) gallon/square yard application rates--for milled
substrate samples.
[0072] FIG. 4 is a picture showing for example 1, tack coat bond
strength breaking head
[0073] FIG. 5 is a picture showing for example 1, tack bond
strength samples after testing.
[0074] FIG. 6 is a picture showing for example 1, tack coat
interface after testing--milled substrate.
[0075] FIG. 7 is a data table for Example 2 showing the effect of
additive on softening point and Pen value of PG 67-22 asphalt
binder.
[0076] FIG. 8 is a data table for Example 3 showing use of the
additive of the present invention in the production of BUR Roofing
Grades from standard refinery asphalt streams and demonstrates that
blowing is not necessary.
[0077] FIG. 9 is a data table for Example 4 showing use of
hydrogenated and aminated castor wax to produce built-up-roofing
grades or binders and thus eliminating the need for blowing
asphalt.
[0078] FIG. 10 is a data table for Example 5 showing results for
the reduction in blow time evaluation of 60%, 70% and 80% blown
binders plus additives--filled and unfilled coatings
evaluation.
[0079] FIG. 11 is a data table for Example 6 showing performance of
the use of hydrogenated and aminated castor oil wax in roofing
shingles coatings.
[0080] FIG. 12 is a data table for Example 7 showing the effect of
the additive of the present invention on PG Grade Bump, Viscosity
Reduction above 270.degree. as well as as Compaction Aid for Stiff
and High Viscosity Mixes.
[0081] FIG. 13 is a data table for Example 8 demonstrating that
deeply hydrogenated castor oil will not produce the same effect in
asphalt binder as the deeply hydrogenated castor oil that is also
aminated.
[0082] FIG. 14 is a data table for Example 9 demonstrating the UV
light stability enhancing effect of the hydrogenated and aminated
castor oil.
[0083] FIG. 15 is a data table for Example 10 also demonstrating
the UV light stability enhancing effect of the hydrogenated and
aminated castor oil.
[0084] FIG. 16 is a data table showing Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR)
for a control and samples with 0.5% and 1% additive of the present
invention conducted according to Test Method AASHTO T283.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0085] The present invention provides for asphalt compositions,
provides for asphalt products made therefrom, and provides for
methods for making and using such compositions and products.
Products of the present invention include tack coats, and multiple
layer pavement structures made therefrom. Tack coats are thin
layers of asphalt product that are used in the construction or
re-facing of roads and highways. This type of product is used to
help the layers of asphalt laid down as part of the road building
process to bond together with more efficiency. As a result, the
highway or road is able to hold up under constant use for longer
periods of time, making it easier to maintain the road
properly.
[0086] Some non-limiting embodiments of the present invention
provides asphalt compositions useful for creating a bonded friction
course pavement structure that does not require the use of
specialized machinery for its application. Specifically, the
present invention may employ conventional asphalt distributors
(i.e., tank trucks having a spray bar as a non-limiting example),
to place a hot-applied, tack coat having the property after cooling
of being non-adhesive at ambient temperatures. The present
invention tack coat layer is applied while hot, at temperatures
greater than 212.degree. F. in a liquid form, and may be allowed to
cool to ambient temperatures. At ambient temperatures, the tack
coat is non-tracking and non-adhesive. However, when it comes into
contact with a new hot mix asphalt layer, the tack coat becomes
adhesive, again. Thus, the present invention provides resulting
pavement structures with improved strength compared to other known
paving systems.
[0087] As used herein, "ambient temperature" is any temperature
that is typically used in paving applications, with temperatures
generally set by governmental regulations/specification, or in the
case of private parties by contract there between. Very commonly,
paving is typically only performed at temperatures greater than
about 40.degree. F., 50.degree. F. or 60.degree. F. As for an upper
limit, "ambient temperature" will typically be less than
120.degree. F., 130.degree. F. or 140.degree. F. Thus, ranges for
"ambient temperatures" will generally be in the range of greater
than about 40.degree. F., 50.degree. F. or 60.degree. F. ranging up
to about 120.degree. F., 130.degree. F. or 140.degree. F.
[0088] Some non-limiting embodiments of present invention provide
(i) modified asphalt compositions that comprise asphalt and an
aminated wax, or (ii) comprise asphalt having a pen value greater
than 50 dmm, or (iii) comprise asphalt and aminated wax with the
asphalt having a pen value greater than 50 dmm (pen values
throughout are at 25.degree. C. unless otherwise indicated). All of
these embodiments may further include a rejuvenator, and/or a
elastomeric polymer.
[0089] For the asphalt compositions of the present invention, the
Needle Pen value is an important property that determines the
hardness of the tack coat upon spray out onto the surface substrate
and which spray out should not be too soft (defeat Trackless
property) nor should it be too hard (to cause embrittlement and
cracking under weather and traffic load related fatigue).
[0090] In the practice of some embodiments of the present
invention, generally any suitable asphalt may be modified with the
aminated wax regardless of the pen value of the asphalt.
[0091] Other embodiments will be limited to asphalts having a
certain pen value that allow the asphalt to wet the surface
substrate and bond with the old pavement and new layer paved over
it. If the Pen is too low (hard) there will be no wetting and
bonding (too dry) in addition to lack of flexibility. As
non-limiting examples, suitable asphalts include those with pen
values greater than 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65,
70, 75, 80, 90 or 100 dmm. Suitable ranges of pen values for such
asphalts will generally range between any two of 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90 or 100 dmm.
Additional suitable ranges of pen values for such asphalts will
generally range to/from any two of 50.01, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90 or 100 dmm. Non-limiting
examples of suitable ranges includes pen values between 50 and 80,
90 or 100 dmm, or greater than 50 and up to 80, 90 or 100 dmm.
Other non-limiting examples of suitable ranges include from 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, or 60 to 65, 70, 75, 80, 90 or 100
dmm. Still other non-limiting examples includes pen values from 55
to 80 dmm.
[0092] While the invention is not so limited to this asphalt, a
commercially available grade suitable for use in the present
invention includes Pen Grade 60/70 asphalt that has a Pen value in
the range of 60 to 70 as the grade name describes.
[0093] Certain embodiments of the present invention provide for
asphalt compositions modified with one or more aminated waxes
having a softening point of at least 125.degree. C. and above. As
non-limiting examples, suitable aminated waxes may have a softening
point of at least 125.degree. C., 130.degree. C., 135.degree. C.,
140.degree. C., 145.degree. C., 150.degree. C., 160.degree. C., or
170.degree. C. Suitable aminated waxes may have a softening point
in the range of between or to/from any two of the following
125.degree. C., 130.degree. C., 135.degree. C., 140.degree. C.,
145.degree. C., 150.degree. C., 155.degree. C., 160.degree. C.,
165.degree. C., or 170.degree. C.
[0094] Suitable aminated waxes useful in the present invention will
obviously have amine functionality so that it interacts with the
asphalt binder and surfaces it is intended to bond (i.e., the old
and new layer). These useful aminated waxes have certain special
performance characteristics, and may impart any or all of the
following upon asphalt. First, a suitable wax may be an active
material interacting with the old and new aggregate. Second, a
suitable wax may make the asphalt binder more ductile, that is, for
example, it may increase the ductility at 25 C from 55 cm or so to
over 80 cm and even over 100 cm. In the practice of the present
invention, this ductility increase is important as it will allow
for a shift between the old and new layers under traffic load and
with differential contraction of the pavement layers with
temperature (summer/winter). Third, a suitable wax may lower the
viscosity of the asphalt binder so that spray out will be easy and
controllable within fine limits. Without being limited by theory,
applicant believes this is accomplished by lowering the surface
tension of the asphalt binder. Fourth, a suitable wax makes the
asphalt have a high set point, i.e. it is liquid (sprayable) at 150
C or higher but will be solid at 140 C/284 F making it "Quick Set"
for driving upon to pave the new layer without sticking to the
paver wheels. Fifth, a suitable wax may raise the softening point
of the binder to above 250.degree. F. Sixth, a suitable wax allows
for the asphalt composition to be easily produced in any mixing
apparatus without the need for high shear equipment.
[0095] As is well known, waxes include synthetic waxes, petroleum
waxes, and those derived from any number of plants and animals, and
such waxes may find utility in the present invention. Generally,
waxes suitable for use in the present invention are the ones with
longer carbon chains and that have a sufficient ester
functionality. Vegetable oils are especially useful for making
aminated waxes suitable for the present invention. As non-limiting
examples, aminated waxes derived from linseed oils, castor oils,
rapeseed oils, soy oils, jatropha oils, just to name a few, are
useful in the present invention. In the present invention, the
vegetable oils may first be hydrogenated prior to being aminated.
As a non-limiting example, castor oil may be first deeply
hydrogenated to a melt point of 85 C to 90 C and then aminated to
melt point of 125 C to 160 F (preferably 135 C to 145 C). A
non-limiting commercially available examples of such an aminated
castor oil wax is EcoGreen SPA, marketed by Shamrock M.E.D. LLC and
which has a melt point in the range of 135.degree. C. to
145.degree. C., Iodine Value of 4 max and an acid value of 5 mg
KOH/g an with an average molecular weight of 1030. More discussion
of the hydrogenation and amination embodiments are discussed below,
and are further illustrated by Examples 7-15. Other non-limiting
embodiments of the present invention utilize a wax compound(s)
derived from compounds having a triglyceride structure, or from
compounds that are glyceryl triricinoleates.
[0096] Various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention
provide a non-tracking, polymer modified tack coat that is
non-adhesive at ambient temperatures that may be applied utilizing
conventional asphalt distributors (i.e., tank trucks having a spray
bar as a non-limiting example). In the practice of the present
invention, the hot-applied tack coat is heated until it is liquid
and sprayable and, then, sprayed on the pavement to create the
thick layer. Typically this tack coat is applied at the rate of
0.04 to 0.8 gals/yd.sup.2 for a conventional HMA overlay, or 0.09
to 0.18 gals/yd.sup.2 for a Bonded Friction Course. Once applied,
the layer of tack coat cures hard to the touch in seconds to form a
non-tracking surface. Cracks that may exist in existing pavement
are filled by this thick layer, thus sealing the surface. A hot-mix
asphalt layer can, then, be placed over the tack coat layer almost
instantly after the tack coat layer has cooled. Formulation methods
and application methods as taught and described in U.S. Patent
Publication No. 2011/0206455 may be utilized in the practice of the
present invention, and that publication is herein incorporated by
reference for all that it teaches.
[0097] As the tack coat of the present invention cools, it becomes
non-adhesive, and, therefore, non-tracking. Vehicles can drive over
this layer without fear of the tack coat sticking to the tires of
the vehicles. When the hot-mix asphalt layer is applied on top of
the tack coat, the heat of the HMA layer causes the tack coat to
liquefy, and this liquefied membrane is wicked into the HMA layer
by displacement. At the higher temperatures of the hot mix layer,
the tack coat is extremely adhesive, allowing it to form a strong
structural bond with the OGFC or other hot mix asphalt layer. As
the tack coat of the present invention cools, the bond with the hot
mix asphalt layer becomes stronger. However, the tack coat of the
present invention retains its flexibility.
[0098] It should be appreciated that the present invention
trackless tack coat is particularly useful in Open Graded Friction
Course, Bonded Friction Course, and thin overlay mixes where the
material was previously applied with specialized distributors, such
as "Spray Pavers." However, using the claimed method only a
conventional distributor and paver are required. As a result, the
methods disclosed are available to all contractors and government
agencies that do not want to purchase a proprietary or specialized
machine.
[0099] The disclosed method may use any tack coat formulation that
has the desired properties of being adhesive only at higher
temperatures, but not at ambient temperatures. The tack coat can be
made by blending a high Pen value asphalt (i.e., pen value greater
than 50) and/or with aminated wax and/or other additives as
discussed above.
[0100] Some embodiments of the asphalt compositions of the present
invention are further modified with a rejuvenator that functions to
maintain the binder rejuvenation and bond strength during life of
pavement. The rejuvenator utilized in the present invention is
generally a tall oil product such as any of those disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 8,608,845, which patent is hereby incorporated by
reference. This rejuvenator serves to rejuvenate the old pavement
and activate the aged binder it contains to bond with the membrane
layer sprayed, and also to continue the rejuvenation process and
bonding between the old pavement and membrane layer and the new
pavement and the membrane layer. This process will be ongoing
during the life of the pavement to give ongoing good adhesion. The
rejuvenator will also provide ongoing Low Temperature Flexibility
as the pavement ages. Any similar rejuvenator that is used in the
rejuvenation of aged Reworked Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and/or
Reworked Asphalt Shingles (RAS) may also be embodied in this
invention as non-limiting Rejuvenators. The function of the
Rejuvenator is to disperse the asphaltenes so formed with aging of
the asphalt binder and to keep the reformation of such asphaltenes
in check.
[0101] A commercially available non-limiting example of a suitable
rejuvenator is Hydrogreen S rejuvenator, a reacted mixture of Tall
Oil and selected vegetable oils. commercially produced and marketed
in the USA by PVS (Meridian) Inc., under U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,845.
It should be understood that any suitable rejuvenator may be
utilized, and certainly any reacted mixtures of tall oil and
vegetable oil(s) may be utilized.
[0102] For the following descriptions of the possible weight
percent content of the asphalt compositions, it should be
understood that after accounting for all of the possible additives,
the balance of the asphalt composition will be asphalt as described
herein. Generally, the asphalt component will comprise at least 60,
70, 80, 90, 95 or more weight percent of the composition, based on
the total weight of the composition.
[0103] Asphalt compositions of the present invention may include
aminated wax(es), that when present will comprise in the range of
between or to/from any two of the following 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 15 or 20 percent by weight of the total composition. As
non-limiting examples, suitable ranges include 2% to 10% and 4% to
8% (weight percent based on total weight of composition). The
aminated wax generally provides Softening Point enhancement as well
as wetting out of the surface substrate and active bonding with the
substrate.
[0104] Asphalt compositions of the present invention may include
tall oil composition rejuvenators, that when present will comprise
in the range of between or to/from any two of the following 0.2,
0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 percent by weight of the
binder composition. As non-limiting examples, suitable ranges
include 0.5% to 5% and 2% to 3% (weight percent based on total
weight of the binder composition). The rejuvenator generally
provides effective rejuvenation and substrate wetting out.
[0105] Asphalt compositions of the present invention may include
elastomeric polymer(s), that when present will comprise in the
range of between or to/from any two of the following 0.5, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 percent by weight of the total composition.
As non-limiting examples, suitable ranges include 0.5% to 4% and 1%
to 2.5% (weight percent based on total weight of composition). The
elastomeric polymer generally provides for required flexibility.
Non-limiting examples of suitable elastomeric polymers are styrene
butadiene styrene (SBS), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR),
terpolymers, acrylic polymers, ethyl vinyl acetate, natural rubber,
ground tire rubber or any polymer that imparts flexibility to the
tack coat in cold climate conditions and under repeated traffic
loading stresses.
[0106] For the asphalt compositions of the present invention,
rotational viscosity is important for accurate and consistent spray
out and even and consistent coverage of the surface substrate
without plugging of the spray nozzles and without stringing out
upon rapid cooling upon emitting from the spray nozzles. Generally,
the desirable rotational viscosity in summer conditions (spray out
temperature of 150.degree. C./302.degree. F.) is in the range of
between or to/from any two of the following 90, 100, 110, 125, 150,
175, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 400, 500 and 600 cps. As non-limiting
examples, for a spray out temperature of 150.degree. C./302.degree.
F., a rotational viscosity in the range of 110 cps to 300 cps or in
the range of 125 cps to 250 cps. In cooler Spring and Fall climates
(spray out temperature of 160.degree. C./320.degree. F.) the
desirable rotational viscosity range is in the range of between or
to/from any two of the following 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 150,
170, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 cps. As non-limiting examples,
for a spray out temperature of 160.degree. C./320.degree. F., a
rotational viscosity in the range of 80 cps to 200 cps or in the
range of 90 cps to 190 cps.
[0107] For the asphalt compositions of the present invention,
Softening Point is an important property that controls the set
point (ie transition from molten state to solid state) of the Tack
Coat on the surface substrate. Therefore a high softening point is
desirable in the range of between or to/from any two of the
following 200.degree. F., 210.degree. F., 220.degree. F.,
230.degree. F., 240.degree. F., 250.degree. F., 260.degree. F.,
270.degree. F., 280.degree. F., 290.degree. F., or 300.degree. F.
As non-limiting examples, softening points in the range of about
220.degree. F./104.degree. C. to 280.degree. F./138.degree. C. or
in the range of 250.degree. F./121.degree. C. to 270.degree.
F./132.degree. C.
[0108] For the asphalt compositions of the present invention, Bond
Strength of any formed tack coat is an important property, and the
Bond Strength should not be so high as to render the composition
"glassy" and susceptible to cracking. High Bond strength, up to a
point is good for adhesion over the life of the pavement and
endured traffic load and temperature fatigue cycles. However, a
degree of flexibility in the bond is essential to permit some
pliability and movement under such pavement fatigue stresses and
strains described above. If such flexibility is not present the
Tack Coat bond will crack and the integrity of the pavement will be
compromised and it will fail prematurely. Therefore extremely high
Bond Strengths such as that exhibited by some commercial products
being too brittle will crack and work against the concept of
bonding and rather cause pavement failure. Therefore in the
practice of the present invention, there needs to be a good balance
between bonding and flexibility as can be provided by the asphalts
of the present invention. Thus, some embodiments of the present
invention provide asphalt compositions in which the resultant tack
coat (for thin and ultrathin pavement overlays) will have a bond
strength that will not exceed 300 psi as a safety margin against
such cracking potential. Certainly, the bond strength will meet
common minimum bond strengths (generally 100 psi).
[0109] For the asphalt compositions of the present invention,
ductility is an important property, and is a measure of how the
Tack Coat will stretch or become ductile to give way under repeated
traffic loading and/or when the pavement expands and contracts with
changing ambient temperatures (ie. summer, winter, temperature
sweeps and, cold fronts approaching). The asphalts of the present
invention provide superior tack coats that are very ductile and
have a great measure of "give" under repeated traffic loading and
unloading on the pavement as well as with weather related expansion
and contraction. Products of the present invention will have
ductility values at 25.degree. C. of greater than 0, 5, 10, 15, 20,
25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100,
110, 125, or 150 cm.
[0110] For the asphalt compositions of the present invention,
elastic recovery is an important property, and is a measure of how
the Tack Coat will stretch and recover after being subjected to
repeated traffic loading and unloading. Such recovery is essential
for the short and long term integrity of the pavement to prevent
pavement cracking. As can be seen from the data in the Examples,
Tack Coats made from '455 Publication type asphalt have zero
Elastic Recovery and will absolutely not allow the Tack Coat to
recover after traffic load had passed or weather related fatigue.
To the contrary, tack coats of the asphalt compositions of the
present invention has a sufficient level of Elastic Recovery which
will allow for the Tack Coat to recover under such conditions.
Products of the present invention will have elastic recovery values
at 25.degree. C. of greater than 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25 or 30%.
[0111] In some embodiments of the present invention, there is the
combination of the higher softening point for the composition as
described above, combined with the low viscosity as described above
that provides improvements such as quick setting.
[0112] In other embodiments of the present invention, there is the
combination of the higher softening point for the composition as
described above, combined with the Pen Value as described
above.
[0113] In generally, conventional wisdom limits the use of
trackless tack in cool weather. The compositions of the present
invention would appear to buck conventional wisdom and still be
useful in cool weather. Additionally, the compositions of the
present invention are believed to be suitable for use in thin
(i.e., 1-2 inches thick) and ultrathin (i.e., less than 1 inch
thick) paving applications. And while the compositions are useful
in warm/hot weather, they are also believed to be useful in
cool/cold weather, including weather in which the ambient
temperature at the paving site during the paving application is
less than any of the following, or in a range between any 2 of the
following, or in a range from/to any 2 of the following: 60 F, 55
F, 50 F, 45 F, 40 F, 35 F, 30 F, 25 F, and 20 F.
Hydrogenated and Aminated Embodiments
[0114] Some embodiments of the present invention require
hydrogenating the additive prior to amination. While it is believed
that any vegetable oil is suitable for use in such hydrogenation
and amination embodiments, it will be illustrated by reference to
castor oil.
[0115] Castor oil is produced from farmed and harvested castor
seeds and has been produced for decades and is widely known and
used in applications such as food additives, personal health care
products, pharmaceuticals as well as in Industrial applications
such as production of nylon, polyols, paints, carbon black
dispersion, automotive and Industrial greases, paints and coatings,
etc. Castor oil is unique in chemical structure with three carbon
chains (triglyceride structure), hydroxyl groups and un-saturation
and is a glyceryl triricinoleate. It is thus also believed that
waxes useful in the present invention may be derived from other
compounds with the same or similar structure, including those that
comprise a triglyceride structure.
[0116] Castor Oil is also used as a starting material for the
production of a range of low and high melt point waxes. Firstly the
castor oil is deeply hydrogenated and then also can subsequently be
aminated and both processes are capable of producing a range of
melt point waxes from 40.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. and
above.
[0117] A number of asphalt properties may be significantly
influenced and enhanced by the use of an aminated and hydrogenated
castor oil, and again it is believe that other vegetable oils are
also useful, such as linseed oils, castor oils, rapeseed oils, soy
oils, Jatropha oils, just to name a few. Various non-limiting
embodiments of the present invention include compositions of
asphalt and the additive of the present invention, methods of
modifying asphalt to change a property, and to asphalt products,
mixes, and layers made thereof and methods of making such
products.
[0118] Softening Point. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive will achieve significantly
higher Softening Point in asphalt binder and by far superior to any
known waxes used in asphalt modification including Fischer-Tropsch
Waxes, Polyethylene Waxes, Polypropylene Waxes, etc. This ability
to increase the Softening Point by magnitudes and at comparatively
low dosage levels is not known in the prior art. This eliminates
the need for the blowing of asphalt binder to raise the softening
point, a positive environmental benefit. Various non-limiting
embodiments of the present invention include, modified asphalt with
increased softening point, methods of reducing softening point of
asphalt by addition of the additive of the present invention, and
asphalt products, mixes, and layers made thereof and methods of
making such products.
[0119] Penetration. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive results in the Penetration
being reduced with incremental additive dosage, but levels off at
Pen 15 to 20 unlike Fischer-Tropsch Waxes that drastically reduce
Pen value. Roofing applications generally cannot tolerate such
drastic Pen reductions since the Roofing Shingle will harden even
further through aging on the Roof to become crack susceptible.
Various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention include,
modified asphalt with a leveled off Pen value in the range of 15 to
20, methods of leveling off the Pen value in the range of about 15
to 20 by addition of the additive of the present invention, and
asphalt products, mixes, and layers made thereof and methods of
making such products.
[0120] Viscosity. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive reduces the viscosity of the
asphalt binder and especially that of the modified asphalt binders
at typical asphalt working temperatures (250.degree. F. to
330.degree. F.). This is a benefit in energy savings in the
storage, handling and mixing and applications in both Paving and
Roofing products manufacture. The sharp viscosity drop above
250.degree. F. makes the additive useful for compaction of
difficult mixes (high polymer content, sticky polymers, dense
graded mixes and stone mastic asphalt mixes) in the Hot Mix mode as
well as in the Warm Mix mode. This benefit is further accentuated
by the "slip/glide" properties of the additive as a lubricant in
the asphalt and asphalt mix working temperatures. Various
non-limiting embodiments of the present invention include, modified
asphalt with a reduced viscosity, methods of reducing the viscosity
of asphalt by addition of the additive of the present invention,
and asphalt products, mixes, and layers made thereof and methods of
making such products.
[0121] Adhesion. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive increase the adhesive
properties of the asphalt binder. Because of its structure as
described above, when castor oil is deeply hydrogenated and then
aminated, the resultant reacted molecule will have a significantly
elevated melt point. Deeply hydrogenated castor oil has a melt
point of around 88.degree. C. to 90.degree. C. and when
subsequently aminated the melting point is further elevated to
135.degree. C. to 145.degree. C. and even higher. Please note
however, that it is possible to make other melt points by changing
the mole ratio of the reactant components and we can make 90 C to
over 160 C melt point products. Specifically if the mole ratio of
the amine is increased then the melt point of the aminated wax is
decreased and conversely if the mole ratio of the amine is
decreased, then the melt point of the aminated wax is reduced. At
the same time the hydrogenated and aminated wax formed has a high
degree of flexibility arising from the triglyceride structure. The
inventors believe that in addition to castor oil, other oils or
compounds having a triglyceride structure are also useful in the
present invention. The amine functionality contributes to the
adhesive bond with substrates much like amine anti-strip agents do
in forming an active bond with the substrate. This adhesive
property is important for all asphalt applications and to whatever
surfaces asphalt is applied (eg wood concrete, stones, steel,
aluminum, paper, cardboard, plastic, all metals, etc.). Thus, some
non-limiting embodiments of the present invention provide for
asphalt having improved adhesion, methods of making an asphalt with
improved adhesion by addition of the additive of the present
invention, and to and asphalt products, mixes, and layers made
thereof and methods of making such products.
[0122] This adhesion property is also very important when forming
asphalt mixes containing aggregate. As shown by data below, the
addition of the additive of the present invention provides for much
improved adhesion between the asphalt binder and the aggregate in
the asphalt mix. The data clearly shows that the additive provides
active adhesion of binder onto aggregate surfaces. Thus, some
non-limiting embodiments the present invention provide for asphalt
binder-aggregate mixes having improved adhesion between the asphalt
binder and aggregate, methods of making an asphalt mix with
improved adhesion between the asphalt binder and aggregate, and to
and asphalt products, mixes, and layers made thereof and methods of
making such products.
[0123] Lubricity at molten temperatures. Modifying asphalt with an
aminated and hydrogenated vegetable oil additive increases
lubricity. The castor oil triglyceride structure imparts a unique
"wrap around" lubricity and maximizes the surface contact points to
maximize the lubricity effect. This property is important for Warm
Mix and the Compaction effect in maximizing density. Thus, some
non-limiting embodiments the present invention provide for asphalt
having increased lubricity at molten temperatures, methods of
making an asphalt having increased lubricity at molten temperatures
by addition of the additive of the present invention, and to and
asphalt products, mixes, and layers made thereof and methods of
making such products.
[0124] Ductility. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive will enhance the ductility of
the asphalt. When the additive is combined with the residual base
oils in the asphalt binder, the additive significantly enhances the
ductility of the asphalt binder. Such residual base oils are
considered undesirable as they soften the binder and also the oils
flush to the surface on hot days and with afternoon rains makes the
pavement "slick" like driving on glass causing loss of control and
accidents. Thus, the additive provides a way of neutralizing those
residual oils while enhancing the ductility of the asphalt. Thus,
some non-limiting embodiments the present invention provide for
asphalt having enhanced ductility, methods of making an asphalt
having enhanced ductility by addition of the additive of the
present invention, and to and asphalt products, mixes, and layers
made thereof and methods of making such products.
[0125] Slip/Skid Resistance at ambient temperatures. Modifying
asphalt with an aminated and hydrogenated vegetable oil additive
provides the asphalt with slip resistance and skid resistance.
Basically, the high molecular weight of the additive combined with
the superior oil absorbing and retention property, makes the
additive function as a Slip Resistant and Skid Resistant component
when added to asphalt binder and/or mix and Floor Polishes (not
asphalt based but wax and polymer based). Thus, some non-limiting
embodiments the present invention provide for asphalt having
enhanced slip/skid resistance, methods of making an asphalt having
enhanced skip/skid resistance by addition of the additive of the
present invention, and to and asphalt products, mixes, and layers
made thereof and methods of making such products.
[0126] Flexibility. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive imparts flexibility. This is an
important property for Roofing Rolls, Waterproof construction
paper, waterproof aluminum sheeting, etc. The additive, because of
the triglyceride structure described above, imparts the degree of
flexibility required for such applications. Thus, some non-limiting
embodiments the present invention provide for asphalt having
enhanced flexibility, methods of making an asphalt having enhanced
flexibility by addition of the additive of the present invention,
and to and asphalt products, mixes, and layers made thereof and
methods of making such products.
[0127] Solvent Resistance. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive provides solvent resistance,
for example to Jet Fuel, Diesel, Gasoline & Chemical Solvents.
Generally, the additive in combination with polymers and/or natural
asphalts (eg, Gilsonite and Trinidad Lake Asphalt) and petroleum
asphalt binder, a Solvent Resistant coating may be produced. This
ability is derived from the unique molecular structure that has a
multi-contact and reactive points with other polymers and materials
to form a resistant film coating. Thus, some non-limiting
embodiments the present invention provide for asphalt having
enhanced solvent resistance, methods of making an asphalt having
enhanced solvent resistance by addition of the additive of the
present invention, and to and asphalt products, mixes, and layers
made thereof and methods of making such products.
[0128] UV Light Stability. Modifying asphalt with an aminated and
hydrogenated vegetable oil additive provides UV light stability.
Since the additive has a much higher melt point compared to the
asphalt binder, it co-crystallizes with the asphalt binder and
other additives first to form a layer to shield from UV Light as
protection. While hydrogenation and aminization is described by
reference to castor oil, other oils would be hydrogenated and
aminated similarly. Further, the present invention is not meant to
be limited to any particular hydrogenation and/or aminiation
method(s). The hydrogenation and amination methods described below
are provided as merely non-limiting alternatives of hydrogenating
and aminating, and it should be kept in mind that other
hydrogenation and amination methods may be utilized in the practice
of the present invention. Thus, some non-limiting embodiments the
present invention provide for asphalt having enhanced UV light
stability, methods of making an asphalt having enhanced UV light
stability by addition of the additive of the present invention, and
to and asphalt products, mixes, and layers made thereof and methods
of making such products.
[0129] Castor oil may be hydrogenated utilizing any suitable
method, as the present invention is not limited to any particular
hydrogenation method. As a non-limiting example, castor oil may be
hydrogenated in the presence of nickel catalyst in a medium
pressure reactor under specified conditions of temperature,
pressure and catalyst concentration. After hydrogenation, the
catalyst may be separated by filtration and the molten product may
be passed through a flaking machine to obtain the final product in
the form of flakes for easy handling and storage in polyethylene
lined bags. Hydrogenation of castor oil may be carried out at
relatively low temperature and pressure to preserve the hydroxyl
group. While other process conditions may be utilized, the
inventors are pleased with the results that are obtained at
130.degree. C. plus or minus 5.degree. C. at a pressure of 1.5
atmospheres with 0.2% by weight of nickel catalyst. Certainly, the
invention is not meant to be limited to those conditions, and it is
believed that other catalysts and processing parameters may be used
to produce unique derivatives. Simple double bond hydrogenation at
140.degree. C. in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst produces
glyceryl (12 hydroxystearate), having a melting point of 86.degree.
C. to 88.degree. C.
[0130] A non-limiting example of a hydrogenated castor oil is
described below. Certainly, other hydrogenated castor oils having
one or more parameters outside of the description may be
suitable.
TABLE-US-00001 Properties Typical Parameters Acid value, mg KOH/g 5
max Iodine value, mg/g 4 max. Hydroxyl value, mg KOH/g 155 min.
Saponification value, mg KOH/g 180 min. Melting point, .degree. C.
86
[0131] Next, the hydrogenated oil obtained by the above described
method, or any method for that matter is then aminated. It should
be understood that any suitable amination method may be utilized in
the present invention, as the present invention is not limited to
any particular amination method. As a non-limiting method, the
deeply hydrogenated castor oil (wax flakes) made as described above
but which may be obtained from any hydrogenation process, may then
be aminated with hexamethylene diamine in the mole ratio in the
range of about 0.8:1.0 to 1.2:1.0, although any suitable ratio may
be utilized. The reaction is carried out under stirring and inert
(nitrogen blanket) conditions in the temperature range of
180.degree. C. to 240.degree. C. depending on feedstock quality.
The reaction may be monitored by measuring the acid value and amine
value of the reacted material and typical values for both these
parameters is less than 10. After reaching the desired amine and
acid values, the product is poured onto a cooling band and flaked
and bagged.
[0132] Other non-limiting examples of suitable alternative acids
useful to hydrogenate castor oil are ricinoleic acid, stearic acid,
palmitic acid, myristic acid and their mixtures. Other non-limiting
examples of alternative amines are ethylene diamine, p-phenylene
diamines, meta-xylene diamine and their mixtures. The present
invention is not intended to be limited to any particular acid or
amine, and it should be understood that many other acids or amines
beyond those listed herein may be utilized.
[0133] A non-limiting example of a hydrogenated then aminated
castor oil is described below. Certainly, other hydrogenated then
aminated castor oils having one or more parameters outside of the
description may be suitable.
TABLE-US-00002 Properties Typical Parameters Acid value, mg KOH/g 5
Amine value, meq/g 5 Hydroxyl value, mg KOH/g 155 Melting point,
.degree. C. 135 to 145
[0134] Some embodiments of the present invention relate to the use
of hydrogenated aminated castor oil wax in the melt range of
80.degree. C. to 145.degree. C. and higher in asphalt applications
as well as in hot melt adhesives, thermal transfer inks, inks and
coatings (solvent based, water based and powders), PVC extrusion,
PVC molding, PP extrusion, PP molding, PE extrusion and PE molding
applications.
[0135] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in a number of applications/products, some examples of which
are discussed below, with castor oil being a non-limiting example
of a suitable vegetable oil.
[0136] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of a drive-on-tack coat.
[0137] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production paper coatings, that is, waterproofing and
construction paper coatings, and paper coatings for insulating
rolls and sheeting.
[0138] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of woven fiber and fabric coatings, and
provides flexibility and waterproofing properties.
[0139] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of roofing shingles laminating adhesive.
The additive plus asphalt binder produces a low viscosity (easy to
apply and consistent application) laminating adhesive with superior
bond strength. There is no need for hard Pen or modified asphalt,
as it is produced from straight run refinery asphalt that is
commonly available from any asphalt plant. Also, such an adhesive
is simple to blend and does not require high shear equipment.
[0140] Regarding the roofing shingles laminating and tab seal
adhesives and further, this concept claims that both types of
adhesive may be replaced by one combined product using, for
example, base asphalt binder PG 64-22. As an example, a
non-limiting formulation for such an adhesive will be 90% PG 64-22
binder plus 0.25% to 2% Rejuvenator plus 4% to 8% of the
Additive.
[0141] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of roofing shingles tab seal adhesive. The
additive plus asphalt binder produces a low viscosity (easy to
apply and consistent application) tab seal adhesive with superior
control set time. There is no need for hard Pen or modified asphalt
as it is produced from straight run refinery asphalt that is
commonly from asphalt plants. Also, such an adhesive is simple to
blend and does not require high shear equipment.
[0142] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of a combined one pack roofing shingles
tab seal and laminating adhesive. A single pack product that is a
combined Laminating and Tab Seal Adhesive in one has been
successfully formulated using the concepts above. A non-limiting
formulation is as follows:
PG 64-22 asphalt binder=94.0% m/m [0143] Hydrogreen Rejuvenator=can
be optionally 0.2% m/m to 2.5% m/m depending on requirements and
climatic conditions where used. Wherein, such requirement may be
for example, a performance requirement such as bond strength.
[0144] Additive can be 5% m/m to 8% m/m depending on base asphalt
quality and climatic conditions where used. Wherein asphalt quality
would mean that softer asphalts will require higher levels of
additive. As for climatic condition, in cold climates the additive
will be required at higher levels to improve adhesion onto the
surface substrate and form an acceptable bond strength.
[0145] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of a warm mix additive. The high melt
point of the additive excludes it from Warm Mix application
temperatures below 250.degree. F. However at and above 250.degree.
F., for Warm Mix benefits the same effect and benefits in
Viscosity, Lubricity and Adhesion are achieved. Further there is a
need in the Industry for a Compaction aid for stiff binders and
stiff mixes such as Ground Tire Rubber Modified binders, highly
Polymer Modified binders and stiff mixes and the Additive is a
perfect compaction agent at these temperatures employed and
functions as a compaction temperature reduction and workability
agent above 250.degree. F. Also, by reengineering such highly
modified Ground Tire Rubber and Polymer Modified Binders, the Grade
Bump effect can be utilized to reduce the Ground Tire Rubber and
Polymer levels while achieving the equivalent PG Grade with lower
viscosity coupled with the "slip" effect for superior
compaction.
[0146] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of polymer modified asphalt ("PMA"). The
additive may be combined with any asphalt modification polymer
(SBS, SB, SBR, EVA, Elvaloy, PP, PE, APP, etc. to: [0147] (a)
Impart Warm Mix properties [0148] (b) Reduce polymer content [0149]
(c) Reduce Mean Phase Angle [0150] (d) UV Light Shield [0151] (e)
Increase Stiffness Modulus
[0152] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of ground tire rubber modified asphalt
binders, and aids in the dispersion of ground tire rubber, and
provides reduced viscosity, increased stiffness modulus, greater
adhesion, enhanced ductility, and enhanced flexibility.
[0153] The adhesive chemistry derived from the additive's amine
functionality, the reduced spray out viscosity and the rapid set
time are unique benefits to be employed in the following
applications: [0154] Hot Applied Seal Coats [0155] Hot Applied Chip
Seals [0156] Emulsion Seal Coats [0157] Emulsion Chip Seals
[0158] Further the pool of suitable asphalt binders is
substantially expanded by the availability of the additive for such
applications and products.
[0159] The hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) function as a
dispersion agent for polymers through co-extrusion eliminating need
for high shear. Co-Extrusion of the additive with polymers
difficult to disperse into asphalt binder (eg. SB, SBS, SBR, PP,
HIPS, PTFE, etc) renders such polymers easily dispersible in
asphalt binders with simple mixing and pump circulation and
eliminates the need for expensive high shear mixers. This concept
makes it possible for small producers and "poor" countries to
produce polymer modified asphalt binders without need for such
expansive high shear mixers, which are very expensive.
Incorporation at 1% to 10% levels as needed into such
polymers/polymer mixes will act as an anti-block agent, flow agent
and dispersion agent.
[0160] The hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) functions as
an anti-blocking aid/processing aid for the grinding of softer
polymers and waxes for incorporation into asphalt and for
Industrial applications. This benefit is derived from the high melt
point as well as the high oil absorbing and retention power of the
additive. Incorporation at 1% to 10% levels as needed into such
polymers and polymer mixes will act as an anti-block agent, flow
agent and dispersion agent.
[0161] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of water-proofing and sealing
applications. The combination of the additive with a safe aliphatic
solvent (bio-diesel, soy methyl ester, etc) plus asphalt binder
produces a controllable viscosity solvent paint that can be brushed
on to surfaces as a waterproofing coating or protective coating
against corrosion.
[0162] Use of the hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s)
eliminates the need for blowing asphalt binder and can produce
blown asphalt grades of binder instantly by simple stirring in of
the additive into refinery straight run asphalt grades such as PG
58-22, PG 58-28, PG 64-22, PG 67-22, VTB Bottoms, ROSE Bottoms,
etc. Also, the additive can be added to standard refinery asphalts
before blowing to reduce blow cycle times and/or added to partially
blown asphalt grades to achieve final specifications through
reduced blow cycle times.
[0163] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production Asphalt Emulsion Paints and
Coatings--undercarriage, pipe coatings, waterproofing, corrosion
protection.
[0164] The hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s), may be added
to asphalt binder and then emulsified or emulsified first and then
simply added to asphalt emulsions.
[0165] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of asphalt solvent based paints and
coatings--undercarriage, pipe coatings, waterproofing, corrosion
protection. Paints include water based as well as solvent based
paints. Examples of powder coatings include those household goods
such as washing machines, clothes dryers, refrigerators,
microwaves, etc. The present invention also finds utility with
automotive coatings and which typically have composition comprising
solvents, emulsifiers, surfactants, curing agents, fillers, drying
agents, color pigments/dyes, etc.
[0166] Hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are useful in the
production of asphalt floor coatings for animal housing. The uric
acid from animal urine is extremely corrosive to concrete flooring
and a coating with an asphalt mixture (hot applied or emulsion
applied) will act as a corrosion proof barrier on such floors. For
example a composition of such a Hot Melt Adhesive will be one third
by weight of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) plus one third by weight
Hydrogenated and Aminated Castor Oil plus one third by weight of
Tackifier Resin. All the components are placed into a melting
reactor and melted with heat and then pastillated into beads or
extruded under water as tiny cylindrical particles and then
packaged.
[0167] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of asphalt hot melt glues, they may be
formulated as ultra-high hot melt adhesive glue for aerospace and
heavy duty applications. Benefits are extremely short set time with
extremely high bond strength. As a non-limiting example, glue may
refers to Hot Melt Adhesive glues (HMA) for all applications
including Aero-Space, Construction, Automobiles and Industrial
applications. Typically a non-limiting formulation for such an
adhesive will be one third by weight of ethylene vinyl acetate
(EVA) plus one third by weight of tackifier resin plus one third by
weight of the additive of the present invention.
[0168] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production Asphalt Hot Applied Roofing Coatings:
[0169] (a) Very Low Viscosity makes for ease and accuracy of
application. [0170] (b) High Softening Point contributes to quick
set and cure. [0171] (c) Amine functionality enables excellent
adhesion onto substrates. [0172] (d) Reduced hardening effect on
Penetration Value contributes to a flexible coating that will not
crack with aging.
[0173] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of asphalt emulsion roofing coatings, with
the same benefits as noted above.
[0174] Hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are useful in the
production of color pigment dispersions. Color dispersants and dyes
are difficult to disperse and a good wetting and dispersing agent
is essential, and the additives of the present invention serve this
function effectively to lower surface tension and enhance the
dispersion. A typical composition may include fillers plus curing
agents plus resins, plus drying agents plus dyes/pigments plus the
additive of the present invention.
[0175] Their high melt point enables processing of pasty pigments
and grinding at high throughput rates, with resulting excellent
gloss and excellent color throw back/yield. Typically incorporation
of the Hydrogenated and Aminated castor Oil will be at 1% to 10% by
weight of the formulation and preferably at 2% to 5% level.
[0176] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of corrosion protection coatings. They may
be hot applied or emulsion applied for corrosion protection of all
metal surfaces, with benefits including: [0177] (a) Excellent
adhesion from amine functionality. [0178] (b) Low viscosity for
application. [0179] (c) High Gloss [0180] (d) Flexibility against
cracking in cold weather and/or with aging. [0181] (e) High
Strength from high softening point.
[0182] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the pelletization of asphalt and similar soft and tacky
materials and heat melt sensitive materials eg. TLA, SBR, PE, soft
petroleum waxes, etc. Benefits derived from high oil absorbency and
retention, high melt point for absorbing heat of friction on
grinding, anti-block properties during storage and handling.
[0183] Asphalts with hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are
useful in the production of crack sealants. As non-limiting
example, insulating and water-proofing sealants and crack sealants
such as for applications in windows, doors, cracks in areas
including flooring, etc. Typical composition of such formulations
will be drying agents, resins, fillers, solvents, polymers,
asphalt, etc: [0184] (a) Low viscosity ensures good wetting and
penetration into cracks. [0185] (b) Amine functionality ensures
excellent adhesive strength onto substrate. [0186] (c) High
softening point ensures stiffness modulus and cohesiveness in hot
weather. [0187] (d) Flexibility mitigates against cracking in cold
weather. [0188] (e) Relative High Penetration mitigates against
cracking in cold climates and/or through aging.
[0189] Hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are useful in the
production of thermal transfer inks, that is, they are utilized as
a component of thermal transfer inks. Non-limiting examples will
include bar coding inks where the bar code is thermally transferred
from clear film onto paper/label substrates thermally to produce a
sharp and clear bar code to be easily readable by the scanning
machines. Examples of such formulation swill be resin plus color
pigment plus clearing agents plus fillers plus the Additive.
Typical incorporation levels will be 1% to 10% and preferably at 25
to 4%, and provides the following benefits: [0190] (a) High Melt
point provides good rub resistance and anti-scuffing and enables
high speed printing. [0191] (b) High gloss [0192] (c) Excellent
adhesion onto substrates. [0193] (d) Contributes to high color
throw back/yield. [0194] (e) Low viscosity for accuracy of
application. [0195] (f) Low viscosity enables higher filler/pigment
loadings. [0196] (g) Narrow cut versions available important for
sharp definition applications such as for bar coding.
[0197] Hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are useful in the
production printing Inks, with benefits as noted above. The
printing Inks may be either solvent based or emulsion based and for
all printing ink applications. Typically solvent based inks are a
combination of a suitable solvent (or solvent mixture) plus color
pigment and/or dyes, resins, surfactants, curing agents, drying
agents plus the additive of the present invention. Emulsion based
inks include all of the above plus surfactants/emulsifiers plus
water as the carrier medium. Typically incorporated at 1% to 5%
level by weight of the formulation for the claimed
functionality.
[0198] Hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are useful in the
production of PVC compounds and PVC extrusion and molding.
Multi-branched chain on one end of molecule provides good strength
whilst amine functionality at opposite end provides excellent
adhesive strength. Also, multi-chain hydrocarbon end provides good
external lubricating effect whilst amine functionality provides
good internal lubrication making this unique as combined
external/internal PVC lubricant. Typically incorporated at level of
1% to 5% of the formulation for claimed functionality.
[0199] Hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) are useful in the
production of PE compounds and PE molding, and enables higher
filler loading higher impact strength and excellent gloss and mold
release lubrication. Typically incorporated at level of 1% to 5% by
weight of the formulation for claimed functionality.
[0200] The Key Benefits To Asphalt Users and Producers of such
hydrogenated and aminated vegetable oil(s) additives is that it
makes it possible to use a much wider source and range of asphalt
binders until now considered "unsuitable" for roofing, paving and
industrial applications. Also provides a reduction in polymer
content of highly modified Polymer Modified Asphalt (greater than
4% Polymer) whilst delivering same or higher benefits of such
highly modified systems. The resulting benefits of such produced
PMA are increased stiffness modulus, lower viscosity, lower Mean
Phase Angle, and enhanced adhesion to substrate.
EXAMPLES
[0201] The following non-limiting example are being provided merely
to illustrate some non-limiting embodiments of the present
invention. They are not intended to and do not limit the scope of
the claims. In these examples, hydrogenated castor oil is produced
by the addition of excess hydrogen to castor oil (hydrogenation
process) in the presence of a nickel catalyst. This is done by
bubbling hydrogen gas into the castor oil during which process the
ricinoleic acid becomes fully saturated to produce a viscous waxy
like substance with a melt point of 61.degree. C. to 90.degree. C.
depending on the severity of the hydrogenation conditions.
[0202] High catalyst concentration and reaction in an autoclave is
required to produce a deeply hydrogenated product with a melt range
of 85.degree. C. to 95.degree. C. A temperature range of
125.degree. C. to 135.degree. C. as well as a pressure range of 2
to 2.5 kg/cm3 is required for the saturation of the double
bonds.
[0203] The amination of the hydrogenated castor oil is carried out
using a 1:1 mole ratio of diethanolamine plus deeply hydrogenated
castor oil with sodium hydroxide pellets (0.2% to 0.5% range) as
catalyst (or other suitable catalyst). The reaction is carried out
under reflux conditions and a reaction temperature of 160.degree.
C. to 175.degree. C. for 2 hours. The process may be optimized by
using a reaction temperature in the lower part of the range with
longer reaction times.
[0204] Depending upon the purity of the materials used, the mole
ratio of diethanolamine: hydrogenated castor oil may be optimized
around the 1:1 mole ratio to produce the desired melt point of the
final hydrogenated aminated wax. This mole ratio produces a
hydrogenated aminated wax in the melt point range of 135.degree. C.
to 145.degree. C. However, any melt point in the range of
80.degree. C. to 145.degree. C. and higher may be produced eg. by
increasing the diethanolamine mole ratio lower melt point
hydrogenated aminated waxes are produced and by reducing the
Diethanolamine mole ratio, higher melt point hydrogenated aminated
waxes are produced.
Example 1
[0205] Bond Strength Evaluation of DOT.TM. C10 and DOT.TM. C12 Tack
Coat
[0206] Bond strength testing was conducted for each tack coat
sample at two different application rates and substrate conditions.
The substrate conditions represented both milled and unmilled
surfaces. Three replicates were prepared for each combination, for
a total of 24 samples tested.
[0207] General Procedure. A single, 9.5 mm nominal maximum
aggregate size (NMAS) Superpave mix developed by Basic Construction
Company, LLC, located in Newport News, Va., was used as the surface
mix for all samples tested. The mix design contained 35 percent
recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), and had an optimum asphalt content
of 5.55 percent. For the substrate samples, both milled and
unmilled samples were used. The unmilled samples were prepared
using a 12.5 mm NMAS Superpave mix designed to meet Alabama
Department of Transportation's (ALDOT) 424 Specifications. The
optimum asphalt content for the mixture was 4.6 percent. For the
DOT.TM. C10 and DOT.TM. C12 tack coat samples, application rates of
0.08 and 0.13 gallons/square yard were evaluated. For a six inch
gyratory sample and using a density of 8.6 pounds/gallon for the
tack coat, this equated to applying 6.8 grams and 11.1 grams to the
substrate surfaces, respectively.
[0208] For the milled samples, the substrate samples were from
milled slab samples of a gravel based asphalt mix that the National
Center for Asphalt Technology had extra from a research project and
allowed us to obtain and use for this evaluation. Summaries of the
job mix formulas used in this evaluation are presented in the
Appendix. The job mix formula for the milled samples was not
obtained.
[0209] For the unmilled substrate samples, a thickness of 63.5 mm
was used; this is a typical lift thickness for a 12.5 mm NMAS
asphalt mix. For the surface mix, a thickness of 38.1 mm was used
for all samples. Therefore, samples were fabricated to a consistent
height of 101.6 mm. During fabrication of the test samples, it was
noticed that the milled samples had slight differences in
thickness; therefore the samples could not be fabricated to a
consistent height. It was decided that for the milled surfaces, the
surface mix would be compacted using 10 gyrations, which was the
average number of gyrations the surface mix needed to reach 101.6
mm for the unmilled samples. This allowed all samples to have
approximately the same compaction effort applied to the surface
mixture. Examples of the milled (right) and unmilled (left)
substrate samples are shown in FIG. 1. FIGS. 2 and 2 show the
tacked substrate samples at the 0.08 gallon/square yard application
rate (FIG. 2) and the visual difference between the tack coat
application rates when applied to the milled substrate samples
(FIG. 3).
[0210] Tack Coat Bond Strength
[0211] Bond strength 12 testing was conducted according to ALDOT
430. The breaking head is pictured in FIG. 4. Measured data from
the bond strength testing is presented in Table 1. From the data,
several observations could be made. First, both tack coats produced
bond strength values well above the recommended ALDOT minimum value
of 100 psi. Second, the DOT C12 tack coat produced bond strength
values greater than those measured for the DOT C10 tack coat. And
third, the unmilled substrate samples had higher bond strength
values that the milled substrate samples for each tack coat
application rate.
[0212] For the milled substrate samples for the DOT C12 tack coat,
each sample for the two application rates were tested at a
different mill direction orientation. This was done to determine if
mill direction had an influence on the measured bond strength. For
the 0.08 gallon/square yard application rate, as the orientation
angle increased, the measured bond strength increased. For the 0.13
gallon/square yard application rate, this trend was reversed. This
may be due to the higher application rate creating a slight
slippage plane across the milled grooves, lowering the measured
bond strength. FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the bond strength samples
after testing.
[0213] As used herein, Tack Type "Com '455" refers to a
commercially available product based on U.S. Patent Publication No.
2011/0206455. Com '455 is a polymer modified asphalt having a pen
value less than 50. Because the bond strength data in the '455
Publication was obtained using the University of Louisiana method,
it was redone on commercial samples utilizing the Alabama DOT
method described above so as to be consistent.
[0214] The Com '455 samples will have a much higher bond strength
because it is based on Hard Pen asphalt with lower Pen values than
the DOT 10 and DOT 12 samples. The higher bond strength is not
necessarily better since the bond becomes too rigid and will not
move/give way under traffic loading and temperature sweeps (warm to
cold eg summer/winter and cold front weather). Therefore the
products of the present invention will give more movement and will
actually be better. The aminated Wax is also key difference, ie
being functionalized wax it has active adhesion points for binder
and pavement. Further it reduces the tack coat viscosity making it
more penetrating and wetting out the substrate in addition to
making the application easier and more controlled without stringing
and pasting up.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 COMPOSITIONS OF DOT-C10 AND DOT-C12 DOT-C10
DOT-C12 Component % wt/wt % wt/wt Asphalt 93.00 93.00 Binder PG
64-22 Aminated 6.00 5.00 Wax, eg EcoGreen SPA Rejuvenator, eg 1.00
1.00 Hydrogreen Elastomeric 1.00 Polymer, eg Elvaloy Total % 100.00
100.00 Composition Notes for TABLE 1. 1. The Asphalt Binder PG
64-22 is a straight run asphalt binder with Pen value of 60 and
softer (i.e., higher Pen values). No need for hard Pen binder. 2.
The Aminated Wax is an aminated vegetable wax (castor oil) with a
Softening Point of 250 F. and above. 3. The Hydrogreen Rejuvenator
comprises tall oil and keeps formation of asphaltenes in check ie
reduces the hardening/cracking propensity of the binder by
retarding binder aging to maintain bond strength of the Tack Coat
during life of pavement. 4. The Elastomeric Polymer is a
ter-polymer or SBS polymer that balances the Ductility of the
aminated wax with rigidity to provide a balanced movement of the
pavement surface and retraction to mitigate against surface
cracking.
[0215] One of the considerations in the development of the DOT-C
Technology Tack Coat concept is the ability for any simple
Aggregate Mixing Plant or simple Asphalt Blending Plant to produce
the Tack Coat without the need for expensive and sophisticated
equipment such as High Shear Siefer Mills and which costs in excess
of 0.75 million USD to install. Ultrabond needs such high cost
equipment and therefore cannot be produced at remote locations or
by smaller contractors.
[0216] The primary function of a Tack Coat is to bond the old
pavement substrate with the newly paved overlay aggregate mixture
and prevent delamination due to fatigue from traffic loadings and
temperature cycling. A secondary function is for the Tack Coat to
perform as a membrane layer to permit flexibility and mitigate
against cracking as well as prevent water permeation into the
pavement and which is necessary to prevent the stripping of the
lower pavement layer and cracking with freezing as the entrapped
water expands upon turning into ice.
[0217] DOT-C10 Tack Coat and DOTC-12 Tack Coat [0218] DOT-C10 Tack
Coat is based upon the DOT-C10 asphalt formulation shown above
comprising Base Binder PG 64-22 plus Hydrogreen S Rejuvenator plus
Aminated Wax and all of are instantly miscible/soluble at
150.degree. C./302.degree. F. with simple stirring and pump
circulation. This formulation is suited to those geographic regions
that are not susceptible to low ambient temperatures such as the
Southern USA States. As can be seen from the Table of Properties,
this formulation has all of the performance properties required for
ease of application as well as superior performance. [0219] DOT-C12
Tack Coat is based upon the DOT-C12 asphalt formulation shown above
that includes an Elastomeric Polymer that disperses into the
asphalt binder without the need for the expensive High Shear
milling equipment. The logic for this inclusion is to design the
Tack Coat to deliver the desired increased flexibility needed for
much colder geographic regions such as the Northern USA states and
Alaska where extreme low temperatures require a higher level of
flexibility.
TABLE-US-00004 [0219] TABLE 2 Measured Asphalt Bond Strength Data
Average Sample Sample Mill Max Bond Bond Tack Diameter, Area,
Orientation, Load, Strength, Strength, Type Surface Rate in
in{circumflex over ( )}2 .degree. lbs psi psi C10 Unmilled 0.08
5.90 27.33 -- 6300 230.5 230.0 5.90 27.32 -- 5600 205.0 5.90 27.30
-- 6950 254.6 0.13 5.90 27.33 -- 6600 241.5 236.2 5.90 27.35 --
6075 222.1 5.90 27.34 -- 6700 245.1 C10 Milled 0.08 5.90 27.31 --
5525 202.3 224.7 5.89 27.28 -- 6350 232.7 5.90 27.30 -- 6525 239.0
0.13 5.90 27.33 -- 5175 189.3 193.1 5.90 27.31 -- 5750 210.5 5.90
27.29 -- 4900 179.5 C12 Unmilled 0.08 5.90 27.31 -- 7675 281.0
281.0 5.90 27.31 -- 8050 294.7 5.90 27.31 -- 7300 267.3 0.13 5.90
27.34 -- 8175 299.0 273.8 5.90 27.33 -- 7775 284.5 5.90 27.33 --
6500 237.8 C12 Milled 0.08 5.90 27.34 0 5800 212.1 255.5 5.90 27.32
45 7400 270.9 5.90 27.34 90 7750 283.5 0.13 5.90 27.33 0 7250 265.3
245.3 5.90 27.29 45 6525 239.1 5.90 27.32 90 6325 231.5 Com
Unmilled 0.08 5.90 27.36 -- 10000 365.5 360.7 '455 5.90 27.35 --
10000 365.6 5.90 27.36 -- 9600 350.9 0.13 5.90 27.33 -- 10000 365.9
366.1 5.90 27.30 -- 10000 366.3 5.90 27.32 -- 10000 366.0 Com
Milled 0.08 5.90 27.35 0 10000 365.6 343.8 '455 5.90 27.29 45 8175
299.5 5.90 27.30 90 10000 366.3 0.13 5.90 27.35 0 9900 362.0 345.4
5.90 27.31 45 8425 308.5 5.90 27.34 90 10000 365.8
[0220] Table 2 provides the Bond Strength data set comparing
DOT-C10 and DOT-C12 with Com '455 and the following points are
pertinent and relevant to the data presented: [0221] 1. The minimum
Bond Strength per Alabama DOT method ALDOT 430 is 100 psi and which
minimum value is exceeded by far for both milled and un-milled
surfaces for DOT-C10, DOT-C12 and Com '455. [0222] 2. In all cases
the differential between the milled and un-milled surface Bond
Strengths is about the same and this signifies that the surface
texture plays a dominant role in the value of the Bond Strength.
The un-milled surfaces being relatively smoother have a more even
coating of the Tack Coat and therefore more available surface
contact points at the mix substrate interfaces and for this reason
will have a higher Bond Strength as to be expected. [0223] 3. High
Bond strength, up to a point is good for adhesion over the life of
the pavement and endured traffic load and temperature fatigue
cycles. However, a degree of flexibility in the Bond is essential
to permit some pliability and movement under such pavement fatigue
stresses and strains described above. If such flexibility is not
present the Tack Coat bond will crack and the integrity of the
pavement will be compromised and it will fail prematurely.
Therefore extremely high Bond Strengths such as that exhibited by
the Com '455 being too brittle will crack and work against the
concept of bonding and rather cause pavement failure.
TABLE-US-00005 [0223] TABLE 3 Drive On Tack Coat (DOT-C) SUMMARY OF
RESULTS DOT- DOT- COM Property Test Method C10 C12 '455 Rotational
viscosity at AASHTO 137.50 212.50 735.5 150.degree. C./302.degree.
F., cps T316 Rotational Viscosity at AASHTO 100.00 162.50 475
160.degree./320.degree. F., cps T316 Softening Point, .degree.
C./.degree. F. ASTM 264.7/ 264.1/ 194.5/ D3104 129.3 128.9 90.3
Ductility at 25.degree. C., cm ASTM 90 39 0 D113-07 Elastic
Recovery at 25.degree. C., % AASHTO 17.5 15 0 T301 Needle
Penetration at 25.degree. C., AASHTO 35 30 9 1/10 mm (for the tack
coat) T49 Needle Penetration at 25.degree. C., 65 65 1/10 mm (for
the Base Asphalt PG 64-22)
[0224] This TABLE 3 provides results for various testing on the
three Tack Coats.
Example 2
[0225] This example shows the effect of additive on softening point
and Pen value of PG 67-22 asphalt binder. Results are shown in
Table 4 of FIG. 7.
[0226] As shown by the data, with the additive of the present
invention, there is a steep increase in Softening Point without
need for blowing. As an improvement of the additive over blowing,
there is no oxidative aging of binder as in blowing. Also, use of
the additive of the present invention results in less than 10% of
batch cycle time compared to blowing. Further, use of the additive
of the present invention results in more than 10 times production
volume compared to blowing. As an advantage, use of the additive of
the present invention may be with standard production equipment.
Finally, use of the additive of the present invention results in
moderate decrease in Pen value unlike blowing or hard wax additives
such as Fischer-Tropsch Waxes.
Example 3
[0227] This example shows use of the additive of the present
invention in the production of BUR Roofing Grades from standard
refinery asphalt streams and demonstrates that blowing is not
necessary. The results are shown in Table 5 of FIG. 8.
[0228] As shown, use of the additives of the preset invention makes
it possible to use a wider range of refinery asphalt binder streams
thus resulting in a more varied supply flexibility. Use of the
additives of the present invention, eliminates blowing associated
pollution/emissions, energy consumption, long batch cycle times,
higher viscosity of binder and formation of carcinogenic components
resultant from blowing. Also, use of the additives of the present
invention substantially enhance operational safety as the binder
may be handled at lower temperatures.
Example 4
[0229] This example demonstrates the use of hydrogenated and
aminated castor wax to produce built-up-roofing grades or binders
and thus eliminating the need for blowing asphalt. Results are
shown in Table 6 of FIG. 9.
[0230] Note, "Zero" Pen is deeply vacuumed bottoms produced by
different refining methods and has Pen typically in range of 5 to
15. This is an example of how a greater pool of Refinery binder
streams may be usefully employed to produce Roofing Grades. This
example reinforces the point that some embodiments of the additive
of the present invention eliminate the need for blowing asphalt.
Using the additive of the present invention, roofing binders will
utilize lower polymer (SBS, SBR, etc.) levels. Using the additive
of the present invention roofing binders can be produced and
handled at lower temperatures due to the substantially reduced
viscosity imparted by the additive.
Example 5
[0231] This example shows results for the reduction in blow time
evaluation of 60%, 70% and 80% blown binders plus additives--filled
and unfilled coatings evaluation. Results are presented in Table 7
of FIG. 10.
Example 6
[0232] This example evaluated the performance of the use of
hydrogenated and aminated castor oil wax in roofing shingles
coatings. Results are provided in Table 8 of FIG. 11.
Example 7
[0233] The example demonstrates the effect of the additive of the
present invention on PG Grade Bump, Viscosity Reduction above
270.degree. as well as as Compaction Aid for Stiff and High
Viscosity Mixes. Results are provided in Table 9 of FIG. 12.
[0234] The viscosity decrease with the additive of the present
invention is small in magnitude but relevant especially considering
that it causes a Grade Bump effect to next grade for which
viscosity should have been even higher. In the case of the PG 76-22
plus Additive it demonstrates that a PG 88-22 can be compacted at
the same temperature as a PG 76-22 ie Warm Mix effect. For PG 64-22
the additive of the present invention provides a Grade Bump close
to 1 Grade. For PG 67-22 the additive of the present invention
provides a Grade Bump of more than half Grade. For PG 76-22 the
additive of the present invention provides a Grade Bump of over 1
Grade and SBS can be reduced to get even lower viscosity.
Example 8
[0235] This example demonstrates that the just the deeply
hydrogenated castor oil will not produce the same effect in asphalt
binder as the deeply hydrogenated castor oil that is also aminated.
Results are provided in Table 10 of FIG. 13.
[0236] While the viscosity of 1,200 at first glance appears to be
high relative to the neat PG 64-22 binder and 2% HCO binder, on
further analysis it is a relatively low viscosity for an asphalt
with such a high softening point as 210.9.degree. F.
Example 9
[0237] This example demonstrates the UV light stability enhancing
effect of the hydrogenated and aminated castor oil. Results are
provided in Table 11 of FIG. 14. Notice that there is significant
reduction in surface cracking with the additive. Further, initial
surface cracks formed that appear to be mended over time with the
additive.
Example 10
[0238] This example also demonstrates the UV light stability
enhancing effect of the hydrogenated and aminated castor oil.
Results are provided in Table 12 of FIG. 15. Notice there is a
reduction in hairline cracks with the additive. Further, the blown
binder UV light stability is superior to straight run binder, but
blowing can be eliminated by additive usage.
Example 11
[0239] This example shows Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) for a
control and samples with 0.5% and 1% additive of the present
invention conducted according to Test Method AASHTO T283. As shown
by the data, the addition of the additive provides active adhesion
of binder onto aggregate surfaces. Results are provided in Table 13
of FIG. 16. Notice that the TSR of the control sample is 0.554 vs
TSR of additive into same control binder at 0.5% level is 0.979 vs
TSR of additive into same control sample at 1% level is 0.958. More
important is that the additive improves the Wet Strength from 96.05
psi to 171.03 psi (at 0.5% level) and to 165.07 (at 1% level)
proving active adhesion.
[0240] Finally, all articles, books, information, journals,
magazines, materials, newsletters, newsletters, online materials,
patent applications, patent publications, periodicals,
publications, texts, and treatises, and/or any other type of
publication, cited in this application are herein incorporated by
reference in their entirety as if each individual reference was
specifically and individually set forth herein. It should be
understood that incorporated information is as much a part of the
application as filed as if the information was repeated in the
application, and should be treated as part of the text of the
application as filed.
[0241] While the present invention has been described as being
useful for creating a bonded friction course pavement, it should be
understood that the compositions, products and methods of the
present invention may be useful in any form of pavement not just
bonded friction course pavement. The present invention may find
utility for any type of asphalt application such as roads, runways,
athletic tracks, speedway tracks, parking lots, roofing surfaces,
driveways, playground surfaces, sports surfaces, and the like, be
it as the top surface layer, or as a below surface layer. The
present invention may also be useful for creating a water-proof
barrier between zones or around certain objects.
[0242] While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have
been described with particularity, it will be understood that
various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily
made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that
the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the examples
and descriptions set forth herein but rather that the claims be
construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty
which reside in the present invention, including all features which
would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art
to which this invention pertains.
* * * * *