U.S. patent application number 15/038211 was filed with the patent office on 2016-10-13 for a novel composition and method of use to control pathogens and prevent diseases in seeds.
This patent application is currently assigned to AGRI-NEO INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is AGRI-NEO INC.. Invention is credited to Fadi DAGHER, Nicholas DILLON, Kenneth Sherman UNGAR.
Application Number | 20160295860 15/038211 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53178749 |
Filed Date | 2016-10-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160295860 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DAGHER; Fadi ; et
al. |
October 13, 2016 |
A NOVEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USE TO CONTROL PATHOGENS AND
PREVENT DISEASES IN SEEDS
Abstract
The invention relates to a composition of water-soluble
ingredients (CWSI) which when solubilized in water (W) and either
in the presence of a wetting agent and/or in the presence of at
least one agriculturally acceptable solvent, forms a synergistic
composition useful for the control of pathogens and/or the
prevention of diseases associated with the presence of said
pathogens in and/or on seeds. Said composition of water-soluble
ingredients (CWSI) comprises at least one oxidizer in liquid form
or solid form, or a precursor thereof in liquid or solid form, said
at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent is soluble in water
(W); the water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is dissolved in the water
(W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4, and
when present, said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent
represents from 2% by volume to 70% by volume of the total volume
of the synergistic composition to be formed. The invention also
relates to a synergistic composition for the control of pathogens
and/or the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of
said pathogens in and/or on seeds, and a method and a use of the
same.
Inventors: |
DAGHER; Fadi; (Laval,
CA) ; DILLON; Nicholas; (Toronto, CA) ; UNGAR;
Kenneth Sherman; (Scarborough, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AGRI-NEO INC. |
Toronto |
|
CA |
|
|
Assignee: |
AGRI-NEO INC.
Toronto
ON
|
Family ID: |
53178749 |
Appl. No.: |
15/038211 |
Filed: |
November 13, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
November 13, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CA2014/051088 |
371 Date: |
May 20, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61907560 |
Nov 22, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 25/00 20130101;
A23V 2002/00 20130101; A01N 37/16 20130101; A23B 9/30 20130101;
A23L 3/3508 20130101; A23L 3/358 20130101; A23B 9/26 20130101; A01N
31/02 20130101; A01N 37/02 20130101; A23B 9/08 20130101; A23L
3/3481 20130101; A01N 37/16 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N
59/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01N 37/16 20060101
A01N037/16; A23B 9/30 20060101 A23B009/30; A23B 9/26 20060101
A23B009/26; A01N 25/00 20060101 A01N025/00; A01N 31/02 20060101
A01N031/02 |
Claims
1.-80. (canceled)
81. A composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) which when
solubilized in water (W) and at least one agriculturally acceptable
solvent, forms a synergistic composition for the control of
pathogens and/or the prevention of diseases associated with the
presence of said pathogens in and/or on seeds, wherein said
composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is to be dissolved
in water in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) in the range from 1:100 to
1:4; wherein (i) said composition of water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) is: a liquid preformed peracetic acid, or an in situ
generated peracetic acid obtained from a powdered composition of
water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) defining a peracetic acid
precursor and consisting of a dry, mixture of: (i)-a) 30-60% w/w of
a solid hydrogen peroxide precursor; (i)-b) 10-40% w/w of a pH
adjusting agent which is an organic acid or an inorganic acid; and
(i)-c) 10-40% w/w of an acetylating agent; and wherein said
peracetic acid precursor generates in situ peracetic acid (PAA)
when the powdered composition of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI)
is contacted with water (W) in a weight ratio (PCWSI)/(W) ranging
from 1:100 to 1:4, being understood that when 2 g of said dry,
water-soluble mixture of (i)-a), (i)-b), (i)-c) is admixed with
1000 g of water, 100 to 250 ppm of peracetic acid (PAA) are
generated in situ at pH 9.0.+-.3; and wherein (ii) said at least
one agriculturally acceptable solvent is soluble in water (W)
selected from the group consisting of an agriculturally acceptable
alcohol, glycol ether, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, and
represents from 2% by volume to 70% by volume of the total volume
of the synergistic composition to be formed.
82. The composition of claim 81, wherein said at least one
agriculturally acceptable solvent is an alcohol of formula ROH
where R represents a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon
atoms, or a branched alkyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon
atoms.
83. The composition of claim 82, wherein said composition of
water-soluble ingredients further comprises: (iii) at least one
wetting agent, wherein the at least one wetting agent is: an
anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
carboxylates, sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates,
alkyl sulfates, sulfated natural oils, sulfated natural fats,
sulfated esters, sulfated alkanolamides, alkylphenol ethoxylates
and sulfated alkylphenols; a non-ionic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated aliphatic
alcohols, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters,
polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester and its
ethoxylated derivatives, glycol esters of fatty acids, carboxylic
amides, monoalkanolamine condensates and polyoxyethylene fatty acid
amides; a cationic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
quaternary ammonium salts, amines with amide linkages,
polyoxyethylene alkyl and alicyclic amines, 4-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis
substituted ethylenediamines and 5,2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethyl
2-imidazolines; an amphoteric surfactant selected from the group
consisting of N-coco 3-aminopropionic acid and its sodium salt,
N-tallow 3-iminodipropionate and its disodium salt, N-carboxymethyl
N-dimethyl N-9 octadecenyl ammonium hydroxide, and N-cocoamidethyl
N-hydroxyethylglycine and its sodium salt; or an organic
biodegradable and biobased surfactant.
84. The composition of claim 83, wherein said powdered composition
of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) is a dry, water-soluble
mixture of: i. 58% w/w of the solid hydrogen peroxide precursor;
ii. 18% w/w of the pH adjusting agent; iii. 20% w/w of the
acetylating agent; iv. 4% w/w of a wetting agent as defined in
claim 3; and wherein (i), (ii) and (iii) represent the peracetic
acid precursor; and wherein when 2 g of said dry, water-soluble
mixture of (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) is admixed with 1000 g of
water, 100 to 250 ppm of peracetic acid (PAA) are generated in situ
at pH 9.0.+-.3; wherein the acylating agent is acetylsalicylic acid
or tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED); wherein the solid hydrogen
peroxide precursor is sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate,
ammonium percarbonate, sodium peroxyhydrate, calcium peroxide,
sodium peroxide, sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate
tetrahydrate, sodium persulfate, potassium monopersulfate,
perphosphate, magnesium peroxide, zinc peroxide, urea hydrogen
peroxide, perhydrate of urea, thiourea dioxide, or a mixture
thereof; and wherein the pH adjusting agent is sulfuric acid,
citric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid,
glycolic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitrous
acid, hydrocyanic acid, benzoic acid, carboxylic acid, lactic acid,
acetic acid, oxalic acid, sulfamic acid, phosphorous acid,
dipicolinic acid, urea.HCl, boric acid, or a mixture thereof.
85. A synergistic composition for the control of pathogens and/or
the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of said
pathogens in and/or on seeds wherein said synergistic composition
comprises: water (W); the composition of water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) defined in claim 81; and at least one agriculturally
acceptable solvent which is soluble in water (W) and selected from
the group consisting of an agriculturally acceptable alcohol,
glycol ether, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol; wherein the
composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is contacted with
water (W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4,
the at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent either forming a
mixture with the water (W) or being added to a solution of
peracetic acid resulting from the contact of the composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) with water, to form the
synergistic composition; and wherein the at least one
agriculturally acceptable solvent is present in the synergistic
composition in such an amount that it represents from 2% by volume
to 70% by volume, of the total volume of the synergistic
composition.
86. The synergistic composition of claim 85, wherein said at least
one agriculturally acceptable solvent is an alcohol of formula ROH
where R represents a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon
atoms, or a branched alkyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon
atoms.
87. The synergistic composition of claim 86, wherein said
composition of water-soluble ingredients further comprises: (iii)
at least one wetting agent, wherein the at least one wetting agent
is: an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
carboxylates, sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates,
alkyl sulfates, sulfated natural oils, sulfated natural fats,
sulfated esters, sulfated alkanolamides, alkylphenol ethoxylates
and sulfated alkylphenols; a non-ionic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated aliphatic
alcohols, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters,
polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester and its
ethoxylated derivatives, glycol esters of fatty acids, carboxylic
amides, monoalkanolamine condensates and polyoxyethylene fatty acid
amides; a cationic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
quaternary ammonium salts, amines with amide linkages,
polyoxyethylene alkyl and alicyclic amines, 4-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis
substituted ethylenediamines and 5,2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethyl
2-imidazolines; an amphoteric surfactant selected from the group
consisting of N-coco 3-aminopropionic acid and its sodium salt,
N-tallow 3-iminodipropionate and its disodium salt, N-carboxymethyl
N-dimethyl N-9 octadecenyl ammonium hydroxide, and N-cocoamidethyl
N-hydroxyethylglycine and its sodium salt; or an organic
biodegradable and biobased surfactant.
88. The synergistic composition of claim 87, wherein said powdered
composition of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) is a dry,
water-soluble mixture of: i. 58% w/w of the solid hydrogen peroxide
precursor; ii. 18% w/w of the pH adjusting agent; iii. 20% w/w of
the acetylating agent; iv. 4% w/w of a wetting agent as defined in
claim 7; and wherein (i), (ii) and (iii) represent the peracetic
acid precursor; and wherein when 2 g of said dry, water-soluble
mixture of (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) is admixed with 1000 g of
water, 100 to 250 ppm of peracetic acid (PAA) are generated in situ
at pH 9.0.+-.3; wherein the acylating agent is acetylsalicylic acid
or tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED); wherein the solid hydrogen
peroxide precursor is: sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate,
ammonium percarbonate, sodium peroxyhydrate, calcium peroxide,
sodium peroxide, sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate
tetrahydrate, sodium persulfate, potassium monopersulfate,
perphosphate, magnesium peroxide, zinc peroxide, urea hydrogen
peroxide, perhydrate of urea, thiourea dioxide, or a mixture
thereof; and wherein the pH adjusting agent is sulfuric acid,
citric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid,
glycolic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitrous
acid, hydrocyanic acid, benzoic acid, carboxylic acid, lactic acid,
acetic acid, oxalic acid, sulfamic acid, phosphorous acid,
dipicolinic acid, urea.HCl, boric acid, or a mixture thereof.
89. The synergistic composition of claim 88, wherein when the at
least one agriculturally acceptable solvent is selected from the
group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alcohols and glycol ethers,
said aqueous synergistic composition being further for the
prevention of the release of mucilage from seeds.
90. The synergistic composition of claim 89, wherein seeds are flax
seeds or chia seeds.
91. The synergistic composition of claim 89, wherein said
synergistic composition is for an application to the seeds by
spraying, vaporizing, soaking, fumigating, or electrostatic
spraying.
92. The synergistic composition of claim 91, wherein the pathogens
are selected from the group consisting of viruses, bacteria, fungi,
yeasts and moulds.
93. The synergistic composition of claim 92, for the further
prevention of mucilage from seeds.
94. The synergistic composition of claim 91 wherein the pathogens
are: selected from the group consisting of E. Coli, Listeria
monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.; or selected from the group
consisting of Agrobacterium spp., Burkholderia spp., Clavibacter
spp., Corynebacterium spp., Erwinia spp., Pseudomonas spp.,
Ralstonia spp., Rhizomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., and Xylella
spp.; or selected from the group consisting of Albugo spp.,
Alternaria spp., Armillaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Athelia spp.,
Bipolaris spp., Botryosphaeria spp., Botryotinia spp., Botrytis
spp., Bremia spp., Capnodium spp., Ceratobasidium spp.,
Ceratocystis spp., Cercospora spp., Choanephora spp., Claviceps
spp., Corynespora spp., Cronartium spp., Cryphonectria spp.,
Cylindrocladium spp., Cytospora spp., Diaporthe spp., Diplodia
spp., Dreschlera spp., Elsinoe spp., Erexohilum spp., Erysiphe
spp., Eutypha spp., Exobasidium spp., Fusarium spp., Gaeumannomyces
spp., Gliocladium spp., Gymnosporangium spp., Heterobasidium spp.,
Hypoxylon spp., Kutilakesa spp., Lophiodermium spp., Magnaporthe
spp., Melampsora spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp.,
Myrothecia spp., Nectriella spp., Nematospora spp., Oidium spp.,
Olpidium spp., Ophiostoma spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp.,
Phakospora spp., Phoma spp., Phomopsis spp., Phragmidium spp.,
Phyllactinia spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp.,
Plasmodiophora spp., Plasmopara spp., Pseudoperonospora spp.,
Puccinia spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp.,
Rhytisma spp., Sclerotinia spp., Sclerotium spp., Spongospora spp.,
Synchytrium spp., Taphrina spp., Thanatephorus spp., Thielaviopsis
spp., Tilletia spp., Uncinula spp., Urocystis spp., Ustilago spp.,
Valso spp., Venturia spp., Verticillium spp., and Xylaria spp.
95. The synergistic composition of claim 94, wherein the seeds are
edible seeds, grains raw and/or cooked, seeds of transplantable
crops, or seeds for sprouting, and wherein the seeds are: cereals
selected from the group consisting of barley, fonio, maize, pearl
millet, oats, palmer's grass, rice, rye, sorghum, spelt, teff,
triticale, wheat, and wild rice; pseudocereals selected from the
group consisting of breadnut, buckwheat, cattail, chia, flax, grain
amaranth, kaniwa, pitseed goosefoot, quinoa, and wattleseed; nuts
selected from the group consisting of almonds, coconuts, peanuts
and cashews, beech, brazil nut, candlenut, cashew, chestnuts,
Chinese chestnut, sweet chestnut, coconut, colocynth, Cucurbita
ficifolia, filbert, Gevuina avellana, hickory, pecan, shagbark
hickory, Terminalia catappa, hazelnut, Indian beech, kola nut,
macadamia, Malabar chestnut, pistacia, mamoncillo, maya nut,
mongongo, oak acorns, ogbono nut, paradise nut, pili nut, walnut,
black walnut, and water caltrop; nut-like gymnosperm seeds selected
from the group consisting of cycads, ginkgo, Gnetum gnemon,
juniper, monkey-puzzle, pine nuts, and podocarps; seeds selected
from the group consisting of cempedak, coffee, egusi, euryale
ferox, fluted pumpkin, hemp seed, jackfruit, lotus seed, Malabar
gourd, pumpkin seed, sunflower seed, sesame seed, and Tahini; beans
selected from the group consisting of bambara groundnut, chickpeas,
cowpeas, black eyed pea, dry beans, fava, broad beans, hyacinth
bean, lablab, lentils, lupins, Moringa oleifera, peas, peanuts,
pigeon peas, sterculia, velvet beans, winged beans, yam beans, and
soybeans; seeds for sprouting selected from the group consisting of
alfalfa, clover, fenugreek, lentil, pea, chickpea, mung bean,
soybean; oat, wheat, maize, rice, barley, rye, kamut, quinoa,
amaranth, buckwheat; sesame, sunflower, almond, hazelnut, linseed,
peanut; brassicas, crucifers, broccoli, cabbage, watercress,
mustard, mizuna, radish, daikon, rocket, tatsoi and turnip; carrot,
celery, fennel, parsley, onion, leek, green onion, me-negi,
spinach, lettuce, milk thistle, and lemon grass; seed spices
selected from the group consisting of ajwain, carom seeds,
alligator pepper, mbongo spice, mbongochobi, hepper pepper,
allspice, anise, aniseed myrtle, annatto, borage, black cardamom,
black mustard, blue fenugreek, blue melilot, brown mustard,
caraway, cardamom, celery seed, clove, coriander seed, cumin, dill
seed, fennel, fenugreek, grains of paradise, grains of Selim, Kani
pepper, juniper berry, kala zeera, kala jira, black cumin, kawakawa
seeds, keluak, kluwak, kepayang, kokam seed, korarima, Ethiopian
cardamom, false cardamom, mace, mahlab, Saint Lucie cherry, black
mustard seed, brown mustard seed, white mustard seed, yellow
mustard seed, nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed,
njangsa, djansang, nutmeg, black pepper seed, green pepper seed,
black pepper seed, white pepper seed, star anise, sumac, Szechuan
pepper, Sichuan pepper, vanilla, and wattleseed; seeds of crops
transplantable from greenhouse to field and selected from the group
consisting of basil, bell pepper, broccoflower, broccoli, brussels
sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupe, cauliflower, celery, cucumber,
eggplant, head lettuce, honeydew, muskmelon, onion, radicchio,
romaine lettuce, squash, tobacco, tomato, and watermelon; or seeds
of medical marijuana.
96. The synergistic composition of claim 95, wherein the seeds are
selected from the group consisting hemp, flax and chia seeds.
97. A method for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of
diseases associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or
on seeds, said method comprising a step of contacting said seeds
with a synergistic composition as defined in claim 85, wherein the
synergistic composition is contacted with seeds in such an amount
that said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent represents
less than 10% by volume, as final concentration of the at least one
agriculturally acceptable solvent admixed with seeds.
98. The method of claim 97, wherein in the synergistic composition
said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent is an alcohol
of formula ROH where R represents a linear alkyl group having from
1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group having from 3 to 6
carbon atoms.
99. The method of claim 97, wherein the synergistic composition of
water-soluble ingredients further comprises: (iii) at least one
wetting agent, wherein the at least one wetting agent is: an
anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
carboxylates, sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates,
alkyl sulfates, sulfated natural oils, sulfated natural fats,
sulfated esters, sulfated alkanolamides, alkylphenol ethoxylates
and sulfated alkylphenols; a non-ionic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated aliphatic
alcohols, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters,
polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester and its
ethoxylated derivatives, glycol esters of fatty acids, carboxylic
amides, monoalkanolamine condensates and polyoxyethylene fatty acid
amides; a cationic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
quaternary ammonium salts, amines with amide linkages,
polyoxyethylene alkyl and alicyclic amines, 4-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis
substituted ethylenediamines and 5,2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethyl
2-imidazolines; an amphoteric surfactant selected from the group
consisting of N-coco 3-aminopropionic acid and its sodium salt,
N-tallow 3-iminodipropionate and its disodium salt, N-carboxymethyl
N-dimethyl N-9 octadecenyl ammonium hydroxide, and N-cocoamidethyl
N-hydroxyethylglycine and its sodium salt; or an organic
biodegradable and biobased surfactant.
100. The method of claim 99, wherein the powdered composition of
water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) is a dry, water-soluble mixture
of: i. 58% w/w of the solid hydrogen peroxide precursor; ii. 18%
w/w of the pH adjusting agent; iii. 20% w/w of the acetylating
agent; iv. 4% w/w of a wetting agent as defined in claim 7; and
wherein (i), (ii) and (iii) represent the peracetic acid precursor;
and wherein when 2 g of said dry, water-soluble mixture of (i),
(ii), (iii) and (iv) is admixed with 1000 g of water, 100 to 250
ppm of peracetic acid (PAA) are generated in situ at pH 9.0.+-.3;
wherein the acylating agent is acetylsalicylic acid or
tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED); wherein the solid hydrogen
peroxide precursor is sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate,
ammonium percarbonate, sodium peroxyhydrate, calcium peroxide,
sodium peroxide, sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate
tetrahydrate, sodium persulfate, potassium monopersulfate,
perphosphate, magnesium peroxide, zinc peroxide, urea hydrogen
peroxide, perhydrate of urea, thiourea dioxide, or a mixture
thereof; and wherein the pH adjusting agent is sulfuric acid,
citric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid,
glycolic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitrous
acid, hydrocyanic acid, benzoic acid, carboxylic acid, lactic acid,
acetic acid, oxalic acid, sulfamic acid, phosphorous acid,
dipicolinic acid, urea.HCl, boric acid, or a mixture thereof.
101. The method of claim 97, for the further prevention of mucilage
from seeds.
102. The method of claim 97, wherein the pathogens are selected
from the group consisting of E. Coli, Listeria monocytogenes and
Salmonella spp.; or selected from the group consisting of
Agrobacterium spp., Burkholderia spp., Clavibacter spp.,
Corynebacterium spp., Erwinia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Ralstonia
spp., Rhizomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., and Xylella spp.; or
selected from the group consisting of Albugo spp., Alternaria spp.,
Armillaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Athelia spp., Bipolaris spp.,
Botryosphaeria spp., Botryotinia spp., Botrytis spp., Bremia spp.,
Capnodium spp., Ceratobasidium spp., Ceratocystis spp., Cercospora
spp., Choanephora spp., Claviceps spp., Corynespora spp.,
Cronartium spp., Cryphonectria spp., Cylindrocladium spp.,
Cytospora spp., Diaporthe spp., Diplodia spp., Dreschlera spp.,
Elsinoe spp., Erexohilum spp., Erysiphe spp., Eutypha spp.,
Exobasidium spp., Fusarium spp., Gaeumannomyces spp., Gliocladium
spp., Gymnosporangium spp., Heterobasidium spp., Hypoxylon spp.,
Kutilakesa spp., Lophiodermium spp., Magnaporthe spp., Melompsora
spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Myrothecia spp.,
Nectriella spp., Nematospora spp., Oidium spp., Olpidium spp.,
Ophiostoma spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp., Phakospora
spp., Phoma spp., Phomopsis spp., Phragmidium spp., Phyllactinia
spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmodiophora spp.,
Pasmopara spp., Pseudoperonospora spp., Puccinia spp., Pythium
spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhytisma spp., Sclerotinia
spp., Sclerotium spp., Spongospora spp., Synchytrium spp., Taphrina
spp., Thanatephorus spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Tilletio spp.,
Uncinula spp., Urocystis spp., Ustilago spp., Valso spp., Venturia
spp., Verticillium spp., and Xylaria spp.
103. The method of claim 102, wherein the seeds are edible seeds,
grains raw and/or cooked, seeds of transplantable crops, or seeds
for sprouting; and wherein the seeds are: cereals selected from the
group consisting of barley, fonio, maize, pearl millet, oats,
palmer's grass, rice, rye, sorghum, spelt, teff, triticale, wheat,
and wild rice; pseudocereals selected from the group consisting of
breadnut, buckwheat, cattail, chia, flax, grain amaranth, kaniwa,
pitseed goosefoot, quinoa, and wattleseed; nuts selected from the
group consisting of almonds, coconuts, peanuts and cashews, beech,
brazil nut, candlenut, cashew, chestnuts, Chinese chestnut, sweet
chestnut, coconut, colocynth, Cucurbita ficifolia, filbert, Gevuina
avellana, hickory, pecan, shagbark hickory, Terminalia catappa,
hazelnut, Indian beech, kola nut, macadamia, Malabar chestnut,
pistacia, mamoncillo, maya nut, mongongo, oak acorns, ogbono nut,
paradise nut, pili nut, walnut, black walnut, and water caltrop;
nut-like gymnosperm seeds selected from the group consisting of
cycads, ginkgo, Gnetum gnemon, juniper, monkey-puzzle, pine nuts,
and podocarps; seeds selected from the group consisting of
cempedak, coffee, egusi, euryale ferox, fluted pumpkin, hemp seed,
jackfruit, lotus seed, Malabar gourd, pumpkin seed, sunflower seed,
sesame seed, and Tahini; beans selected from the group consisting
of bambara groundnut, chickpeas, cowpeas, black eyed pea, dry
beans, fava, broad beans, hyacinth bean, lablab, lentils, lupins,
Moringa oleifera, peas, peanuts, pigeon peas, sterculia, velvet
beans, winged beans, yam beans, and soybeans; seeds for sprouting
selected from the group consisting of alfalfa, clover, fenugreek,
lentil, pea, chickpea, mung bean, soybean; oat, wheat, maize, rice,
barley, rye, kamut, quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat; sesame, sunflower,
almond, hazelnut, linseed, peanut; brassicas, crucifers, broccoli,
cabbage, watercress, mustard, mizuna, radish, daikon, rocket,
tatsoi and turnip; carrot, celery, fennel, parsley, onion, leek,
green onion, me-negi, spinach, lettuce, milk thistle, and lemon
grass; seed spices selected from the group consisting of ajwain,
carom seeds, alligator pepper, mbongo spice, mbongochobi, hepper
pepper, allspice, anise, aniseed myrtle, annatto, borage, black
cardamom, black mustard, blue fenugreek, blue melilot, brown
mustard, caraway, cardamom, celery seed, clove, coriander seed,
cumin, dill seed, fennel, fenugreek, grains of paradise, grains of
Selim, Kani pepper, juniper berry, kala zeera, kala jira, black
cumin, kawakawa seeds, keluak, kluwak, kepayang, kokam seed,
korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom, mace, mahlab, Saint
Lucie cherry, black mustard seed, brown mustard seed, white mustard
seed, yellow mustard seed, nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black
onion seed, njangsa, djansang, nutmeg, black pepper seed, green
pepper seed, black pepper seed, white pepper seed, star anise,
sumac, Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper, vanilla, and wattleseed;
seeds of crops transplantable from greenhouse to field and selected
from the group consisting of basil, bell pepper, broccoflower,
broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupe, cauliflower,
celery, cucumber, eggplant, head lettuce, honeydew, muskmelon,
onion, radicchio, romaine lettuce, squash, tobacco, tomato, and
watermelon; or seeds of medical marijuana.
104. The method of claim 103, wherein said synergistic composition
is for an application to the seeds by spraying, vaporizing,
soaking, fumigating, or electrostatic spraying.
105. The method of claim 104, wherein said synergistic composition
is for an application to the seeds by spraying and keeping the
synergistic composition in contact with the seeds and grains for 2
minutes to 48 hours before drying.
106. The method of claim 105, wherein the synergistic composition
is kept in contact with the seeds and grains for 24 hours before
drying.
107. The method of claim 105, wherein seeds are dried after contact
with the synergistic composition and contact time, to reduce the
moisture content of the seeds below 10% and further contribute to
prevent a regrowth of microorganisms.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to the field of agriculture, food
safety and post-harvest food treatments to address the lack of
useful methods to prevent bacterial contamination of dry raw
agricultural commodities. The novel composition provides
unexpectedly high degree of control required for food safety. The
invention also relates to a method of use thereof.
[0002] More particularly, the invention relates to a composition of
water-soluble ingredients, said water-soluble ingredients
comprising at least one oxidizer, at least one lower alcohol and
optionally at least one wetting agent, which when solubilized in a
water-containing solvent forms an aqueous, synergistic composition
useful for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of
diseases associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or
on seeds, more preferably edible seeds such as hemp seeds, flax
seeds or chia seeds. Also, the invention relates to an aqueous,
synergistic composition obtained by dissolving the above-mentioned
composition in water, and relates to method and use of said
aqueous, synergistic composition for the control of pathogens
and/or the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of
said pathogens in and/or on seeds, more preferably edible seeds
such as hemp seeds, flax seeds or chia seeds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Published international application No. WO2007/092180
describes a fertilizer composition for application to a seed,
plant, growth medium or growth solution, said composition
comprising an oxidizing agent wherein bioavailable oxygen is
released upon contact to the composition with water, optionally a
solvent such as methyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone,
cyclohexanonon, xylenes, toluene, chlorobenzene, paraffins,
kerosene, white oil, alcohols, methylnaphthalene, trimethylbenzene,
trichloroethylene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofurfuryl
alcohol (THFA), and eventually other additives selected from the
group consisting of companion cations, cation reducing agents, pH
modulators, nutrients, organic compounds, penetrants,
microorganisms, pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, nematocides,
herbicides, water trapping agents, enzymes, surfactants, wetting
agents, spreaders, stickers and growth hormones. This published
international application WO2007/092180 further relates to a method
of use of said fertilizer composition. However, this published
international application does not provide a novel solution to
control the high level of pathogens on edible food commodities.
[0004] Peracetic acid (C.sub.2H.sub.4O.sub.3) in an aqueous
solution is a mixture which is further comprising acetic acid
(CH.sub.3COOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2). Typically,
peracetic acid (also identified hereinafter under the acronym PAA)
is produced by reacting acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. It is
also well known to generate a liquid solution comprising PAA
starting from the dissolution of a powdered mixture (U.S. Pat. No.
7,291,276; UK patent application No. 2,355,198; FR patent
application 2,728,171; Canadian patent application No. 2,569,025;
International PCT patent application WO 95/02330 and EP patent
application No. 0 648 418).
[0005] Also, peracetic acid (also known under the tradename
peracid) is a strong oxidizing agent which is known for having
virucidal, bactericidal, fungicidal and algaecidal properties.
Peracetic acid was patented in 1950 for the treatment of raw plant
tissue, especially for the treatment of fruits and vegetables, to
reduce spoilage from bacteria and fungi destined for processing
(U.S. Pat. No. 2,512,640). Nowadays, peracetic acid is commonly use
in food processing and handling as a sanitizer for food contact
surfaces and as a disinfectant for fruits, vegetables, meat and
eggs (NOSB TAP Materials database compiled by OMRI, Nov. 3.sup.rd
2000, 7 pages). In the production of fruits and vegetables,
peracetic aqueous solutions have been suggested to control
pathogenic organisms on growing plants (U.S. Pat. No. 6,024,986;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,483; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,685).
[0006] As per Applicant's published international patent
application WO 2012/051699, a solution of peracetic acid generated
in situ in combination with a plant defence enhancer demonstrated
excellent anti-bactericidal and anti-fungal properties. More
particularly, in this international patent application it was
evidenced a synergy of peracetic acid and at least one plant
defence enhancer for the control of pathogens in and onto growing
plants. Furthermore, according to a particularly preferred
embodiment of said published international patent application
WO2012/051699, the presence of a surfactant in a synergistic mix of
a precursor of peracetic acid and potassium silicate (i.e. a SAR
inducer), enhances the release of peracetic acid when admixed with
water.
[0007] However, concerning seeds, more particularly seeds having
external shells, especially edible seeds such as hemp seeds, flax
seeds and chia seeds, the person skilled in the art notes that
existing compositions do not allow an oxidizer to cover the surface
of the seeds efficiently in order to kill pathogens present thereon
and/or therein.
[0008] Therefore, there was still a strong need for a composition
allowing to obtain an efficient control and/or treatment of
diseases associated with seeds, especially concerning seeds having
external shells, especially edible grains and seeds such as hemp
seeds. Also, there was a strong need for method and use allowing to
control and/or treat efficiently seeds having pathogens present
thereon.
[0009] Also, it is to be noted that literature did not recommend
using alcohol on seeds because the person skilled in the art knows
that alcohol at low dosage does not kill bacteria. In this regard,
reference can be made to the content of the article of Mena et al.,
"Influence of Ethanol on Probiotic and Culture Bacteria
Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus within a
Therapeutic Product", Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2012,
2, 70-76. In this article Mena et al. showed that ethanol added to
yogurt does not affect the count of Lactobacillus sp.
[0010] Also, it is to be noted in addition to the teaching of the
above-mentioned article of Mena et al. that not only alcohol does
not kill bacteria at low levels but also it is used (at
concentration of around 1 to 5%) as a carbon source for bacteria to
promote their growth. In this regard, reference can be made to the
content of the article of Smith et al., "Microbial Synergia via an
Ethanol-Triggered Pathway", Molecular and Cellular Biology, May
2004, p. 3874 -3884.
[0011] Surprisingly, the Applicant has recently discovered that
when using at least one oxidizer in combination with at least one
agriculturally acceptable solvent and/or wetting agent, soluble in
water, and much more preferably at least one alcohol, optionally
with or without at least one wetting agent (e.g. a surfactant), it
is possible to obtain a synergy between above ingredients to
provide an aqueous, synergistic composition, a method and a use
allowing to cover the seeds surfaces efficiently with said at least
one oxidizer in order and provide an efficient control and/or
treatment of seeds having pathogens present thereon.
[0012] Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the Applicant has
surprisingly discovered that the presence of a wetting agent along
with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution of the same: [0013] allows
a better coverage of the seeds.
[0014] Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the Applicant has
surprisingly discovered that the presence of alcohol along with an
oxidizer in an aqueous solution of the same: [0015] allows a better
coverage of the seeds; [0016] helps drying the seeds after having
applied the aqueous solution; [0017] prevents the release of
mucilage from seeds such as flax and chia, and thus maintains the
nutritional value and natural composition of the seeds intact;
and/or [0018] maintains organoleptic properties of said seeds.
[0019] Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the Applicant has
surprisingly discovered that the presence of alcohol and a wetting
agent, along with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution of the same:
[0020] allows a better coverage of the seeds; [0021] helps drying
the seeds after having applied the aqueous solution; [0022]
prevents the release of mucilage from seeds such as flax and chia,
and thus maintains the nutritional value and natural composition of
the seeds intact; [0023] maintains organoleptic properties of said
seeds; and/or [0024] shows an unexpected better efficiency.
[0025] Also, concerning the prevention of mucilage from seeds, it
is to be noted that a person skilled in the art, would not have
been motivated to use a composition containing water on seeds such
as flax, which are recognized to produce mucilage when contacted
with water. Surprisingly, the aqueous, synergistic composition
according to the invention prevents mucilage from seeds.
Preferably, an extra amount of an agriculturally acceptable alcohol
may be added to said aqueous, synergistic composition in order to
further reduce the amount of water in such case. Such an extra
amount of an agriculturally acceptable alcohol does not affect the
synergy mentioned hereinabove.
[0026] Also, it is worth mentioning that the Applicant has
surprisingly discovered that contact of the aqueous, synergistic
composition with the seeds can be extended up to 12 to 72 hours,
thereby providing a better efficiency in reducing the pathogens.
Optionally, in the case of extended contact of the seeds with the
aqueous synergistic composition, it may be advantageous to lower
the humitidy content of the seeds below 10% after the treatment
with the synergistic solution (in order to prevent regrowth of
pathogens in and/or on the seeds). The regulation of the humidity
content of seeds can be achieved by any appropriate means well
known to person skilled in the art.
[0027] Also, it is worth mentioning that said synergistic
composition, method and use is particularly efficient to kill human
pathogens such as bacteria (e.g. E. coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria
monocytogenes), coliforms that may be present on the surface of
said seeds, as well as yeast and mould which may be present on the
surface of said seeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0028] According to an embodiment, the invention relates to a first
composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) which when
solubilized in water (W) and either in the presence of a wetting
agent, or preferably in the presence of at least one agriculturally
acceptable solvent, or more preferably in the presence of a wetting
agent and at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent, forms a
synergistic composition useful for the control of pathogens and/or
the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of said
pathogens in and/or on seeds, preferably seeds having external
shells, more preferably edible seeds and much more preferably hemp,
flax and chia seeds, wherein (i) said composition of water-soluble
ingredients (CWSI) comprises at least one oxidizer in liquid form
or solid form, or a precursor thereof in liquid or solid form, and
preferably [0029] liquid preformed peracetic acid and/or in-situ
generated peracetic acid from powder precursors; and/or [0030]
liquid hydrogen peroxide and/or hydrogen peroxide released from a
powder persalt, and/or [0031] other liquid oxidizers and/or powder
oxidizers such as those generating iodine, chlorine, bromine and/or
chlorine dioxide;
[0032] wherein (ii) said at least one agriculturally acceptable
solvent is soluble in water (W);
[0033] wherein said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent
is preferably an agriculturally acceptable alcohol, glycol ether,
propylene glycol, or ethylene glycol, and much more preferably an
alcohol of formula ROH where R represents a linear alkyl group
having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group having
from 3 to 6 carbon atoms; wherein the water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) is dissolved in the water (W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W)
ranging from 1:100 to 1:4, and
[0034] wherein when present, said at least one agriculturally
acceptable solvent represents from 2% by volume to 70% by volume,
preferably about 50% by volume, of the total volume of the
synergistic composition to be formed.
[0035] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
second composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) which when
solubilized in water (W) and in the presence of a wetting agent,
forms a synergistic composition useful for the control of pathogens
and/or the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of
said pathogens in and/or on seeds, preferably seeds having external
shells, more preferably edible seeds and much more preferably hemp,
flax and chia seeds,
[0036] wherein (i) said composition of water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) comprises said wetting agent and at least one oxidizer in
liquid form or solid form, or a precursor thereof in liquid or
solid form, and preferably [0037] liquid preformed peracetic acid
and/or in-situ generated peracetic acid from powder precursors;
and/or [0038] liquid hydrogen peroxide and/or hydrogen peroxide
released from a powder persalt, and/or [0039] other liquid
oxidizers and/or powder oxidizers such as those generating iodine,
chlorine, bromine and/or chlorine dioxide; wherein the
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is dissolved in water (W), in a
weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4.
[0040] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the second composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least
one wetting agent is [0041] an anionic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of carboxylates, sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates,
alkyl sulfates, sulfated natural oils, sulfated natural fats,
sulfated esters, sulfated alkanolamides, alkylphenol ethoxylates
and sulfated alkylphenols; [0042] a non-ionic surfactant selected
from the group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated
aliphatic alcohols, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters,
polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester and its
ethoxylated derivatives, glycol esters of fatty acids, carboxylic
amides, monoalkanolamine condensates and polyoxyethylene fatty acid
amides; [0043] a cationic surfactant selected from the group
consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, amines with amide
linkages, polyoxyethylene alkyl and alicyclic amines,
4-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis substituted ethylenediamines and
5,2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethyl 2-imidazolines; [0044] an amphoteric
surfactant selected from the group consisting of N-coco
3-aminopropionic acid and its sodium salt, N-tallow
3-iminodipropionate and its disodium salt, N-carboxymethyl
N-dimethyl N-9 octadecenyl ammonium hydroxide, and N-cocoamidethyl
N-hydroxyethylglycine and its sodium salt; or [0045] an organic
biodegradable surfactant obtained from a natural source such as
polyglycosides.
[0046] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the second composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least
one wetting agent is an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, preferably
manufactured from fatty alcohols and glucose/dextrose, and more
preferably Alkyl polyglycoside APG 325N.RTM. liquid or
GLUCOPON.RTM. 50 G powder.
[0047] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the second composition defined hereinabove, wherein the wetting
agent represents up to 25% by weight of the weight of the oxidizer,
preferably about 4% by weight
[0048] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
third composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) which when
solubilized in water (W) and at least one agriculturally acceptable
solvent, forms a synergistic composition useful for the control of
pathogens and/or the prevention of diseases associated with the
presence of said pathogens in and/or on seeds, preferably seeds
having external shells, more preferably edible seeds and much more
preferably hemp, flax and chia seeds,
[0049] wherein (i) said composition of water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) comprises at least one oxidizer in liquid form or solid
form, or a precursor thereof in liquid or solid form, and
preferably [0050] liquid preformed peracetic acid and/or in-situ
generated peracetic acid from powder precursors; and/or [0051]
liquid hydrogen peroxide and/or hydrogen peroxide released from a
powder persalt, and/or [0052] other liquid oxidizers and/or powder
oxidizers such as those generating iodine, chlorine, bromine and/or
chlorine dioxide; wherein (ii) said at least one agriculturally
acceptable solvent is soluble in water (W);
[0053] wherein said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent
is preferably an agriculturally acceptable alcohol, glycol ether,
propylene glycol, or ethylene glycol, and much more preferably an
alcohol of formula ROH where R represents a linear alkyl group
having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group having
from 3 to 6 carbon atoms;
[0054] wherein the water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is dissolved in
the water (W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to
1:4, and
[0055] wherein said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent
represents from 2% by volume to 70% by volume, preferably about 50%
by volume, of the total volume of the synergistic composition to be
formed.
[0056] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, which when solubilized
in water (W) and at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent,
forms a synergistic composition for the control of pathogens and/or
the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of said
pathogens in and/or on seeds, wherein said composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is to be dissolved in water in a
weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) in the range from 1:100 to 1:4;
[0057] wherein (i) said composition of water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) is [0058] a liquid preformed peracetic acid, or
[0059] an in situ generated peracetic acid obtained from a powdered
composition of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) defining a
peracetic acid precursor and consisting of a dry, mixture of:
[0060] (i)-a) 30-60% w/w of a solid hydrogen peroxide precursor,
[0061] (i)-b) 10-40% w/w of a pH adjusting agent which is an
organic acid or an inorganic acid, and [0062] (i)-c) 10-40% w/w of
an acetylating agent; and wherein said peracetic acid precursor
generates in situ peracetic acid (PAA) when the powdered
composition of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) is contacted with
water (W) in a weight ratio (PCWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4,
being understood that when 2 g of said dry, water-soluble mixture
of (i)-a), (i)-b), (i)-c) is admixed with 1000 g of water, 100 to
250 ppm of peracetic acid (PAA) are generated in situ at pH
9.0.+-.3; and
[0063] wherein (ii) said at least one agriculturally acceptable
solvent is soluble in water (W) selected from the group consisting
of an agriculturally acceptable alcohol, glycol ether, propylene
glycol and ethylene glycol, and represents from 2% by volume to 70%
by volume of the total volume of the synergistic composition to be
formed.
[0064] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least one
oxidizer is the liquid preformed peracetic acid and/or the in-situ
generated peracetic acid from the powder precursors, preferably the
in-situ generated peracetic acid from the powder precursors.
[0065] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least one
agriculturally acceptable alcohol is further a food-grade alcohol
which is listed in FDA's CFR 21 as Generally Regarded as Safe
(GRAS) for use in food (section 184.1293), preferably ethanol,
propanol or isopropanol, and more preferably a food graded
ethanol.
[0066] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein said composition
of water-soluble ingredients further comprises:
[0067] (iii) at least one wetting agent.
[0068] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least one
wetting agent is [0069] an anionic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of carboxylates, sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates,
alkyl sulfates, sulfated natural oils, sulfated natural fats,
sulfated esters, sulfated alkanolamides, alkylphenol ethoxylates
and sulfated alkylphenols; [0070] a non-ionic surfactant selected
from the group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated
aliphatic alcohols, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters,
polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester and its
ethoxylated derivatives, glycol esters of fatty acids, carboxylic
amides, monoalkanolamine condensates and polyoxyethylene fatty acid
amides; [0071] a cationic surfactant selected from the group
consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, amines with amide
linkages, polyoxyethylene alkyl and alicyclic amines,
4-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis substituted ethylenediamines and
5,2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethyl 2-imidazolines; [0072] an amphoteric
surfactant selected from the group consisting of N-coco
3-aminopropionic acid and its sodium salt, N-tallow
3-iminodipropionate and its disodium salt, N-carboxymethyl
N-dimethyl N-9 octadecenyl ammonium hydroxide, and N-cocoamidethyl
N-hydroxyethylglycine and its sodium salt; or [0073] an organic
biodegradable surfactant obtained from a natural source such as
polyglycosides.
[0074] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least one
wetting agent is an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, preferably
manufactured from fatty alcohols and glucose/dextrose, and more
preferably Alkyl polyglycoside APG 325N.RTM. liquid or
GLUCOPON.RTM. 50 G powder.
[0075] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the wetting
agent represents up to 25% by weight of the weight of the oxidizer,
preferably about 4% by weight
[0076] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least one
additional agriculturally acceptable solvent is selected from the
group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alcohols and glycol ethers,
more particularly from the group consisting of ethanol, isopropanol
and monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol, and much more preferably
being food grade ethanol. [0077] a. According to another
embodiment, the invention relates to the third composition defined
hereinabove, wherein the composition of water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) is a powdered composition of water-soluble ingredients
(PCWSI) comprising: [0078] (i) a peracetic acid precursor
comprising: [0079] a) a solid hydrogen peroxide precursor, [0080]
b) optionally a pH adjusting agent, and [0081] c) an acetylating
agent; and wherein said peracetic acid precursor generates in situ
peracetic acid (PAA) when contacted water (W) in a weight ratio
(PCWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4, forms a corresponding
solution of peracetic acid, the at least one agriculturally
acceptable solvent forming a mixture with the water (W) or being
preferably added to the solution of peracetic acid, to form the
synergistic composition.
[0082] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least one
agriculturally acceptable alcohol is a food-grade alcohol which is
listed in FDA's CFR 21 as Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) for use
in food (section 184.1293), preferably ethanol, propanol or
isopropanol, and more preferably a food graded ethanol.
[0083] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein said powdered
composition composition of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI)
further comprises at least one wetting agent.
[0084] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the wetting
agent is [0085] an anionic surfactant selected from the group
consisting of carboxylates, sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates,
alkyl sulfates, sulfated natural oils, sulfated natural fats,
sulfated esters, sulfated alkanolamides, alkylphenol ethoxylates
and sulfated alkylphenols; [0086] a non-ionic surfactant selected
from the group consisting of alcohol-ethoxylates, ethoxylated
aliphatic alcohols, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters,
polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester and its
ethoxylated derivatives, glycol esters of fatty acids, carboxylic
amides, monoalkanolamine condensates and polyoxyethylene fatty acid
amides; [0087] a cationic surfactant selected from the group
consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, amines with amide
linkages, polyoxyethylene alkyl and alicyclic amines,
4-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis substituted ethylenediamines and
5,2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethyl 2-imidazolines; [0088] an amphoteric
surfactant selected from the group consisting of N-coco
3-aminopropionic acid and its sodium salt, N-tallow
3-iminodipropionate and its disodium salt, N-carboxymethyl
N-dimethyl N-9 octadecenyl ammonium hydroxide, and N-cocoamidethyl
N-hydroxyethylglycine and its sodium salt; or [0089] an organic
biodegradable surfactant obtained from natural source such as
polyglycosides.
[0090] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the at least one
wetting agent is alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, preferably
manufactured from fatty alcohols and glucose/dextrose, and more
preferably Alkyl polyglycoside APG 325N.RTM. liquid or
GLUCOPON.RTM. 50 G powder.
[0091] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the wetting
agent represents up to 25% by weight of the weight of the peracetic
precursor, preferably about 4% by weight
[0092] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the peracetic
acid precursor is a dry, water-soluble mixture of: [0093] (i)-a)
30-60% w/w of the solid hydrogen peroxide precursor, [0094] (i)-b)
10-40% w/w the pH adjusting agent, and [0095] (i)-c) 10-40% w/w of
the acetylating agent; wherein (i)-a), (i)-b) and (i)-c) represent
the peracetic acid precursor; and wherein when 2 g of said dry,
water-soluble mixture of (i)-a), (i)-b), (i)-c) is admixed with
1000 g of water, 100 to 250 ppm of peracetic acid (PAA) are
generated in situ at pH 9.0.+-.3.
[0096] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein said powdered
composition of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) comprises is a
dry, water-soluble mixture of:
[0097] 1. about 58% w/w of the solid hydrogen peroxide
precursor,
[0098] 2. about 18% w/w the pH adjusting agent,
[0099] 3. about 20% w/w of the acetylating agent;
[0100] 4. about 4% w/w of a wetting agent as defined hereinabove;
and
wherein (1), (2) and (3) represent the peracetic acid precursor;
and wherein when 2 g of said dry, water-soluble mixture of (1),
(2), (3) and (4) is admixed with 1000 g of water, 100 to 250 ppm of
peracetic acid (PAA) are generated in situ at pH 9.0.+-.3.
[0101] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third composition defined hereinabove, wherein the peracetic
acid precursor generates about 200 ppm of peracetic acid (PAA).
[0102] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the compositions defined hereinabove, wherein the
acylating agent is acetylsalicylic acid or
tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), preferably
tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED).
[0103] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the compositions defined hereinabove, wherein the solid
hydrogen peroxide precursor is a persalt, preferably sodium
perborate, sodium percarbonate, ammonium percarbonate, sodium
peroxyhydrate, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, sodium perborate
monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium persulfate,
potassium monopersulfate, perphosphate, magnesium peroxide, zinc
peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, perhydrate of urea, thiourea
dioxide, or mixtures thereof, and more preferably sodium
percarbonate or ammonium percarbonate, and much more preferably
sodium percarbonate.
[0104] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the compositions defined hereinabove, wherein the pH
adjusting agent is an organic acid or an inorganic acid, preferably
sulfuric acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid,
hydrochloric acid, glycolic acid, formic acid, acetic acid,
hydrofluoric acid, nitrous acid, hydrocyanic acid, benzoic acid,
carboxylic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, sulfa mic
acid, phosphorous acid, dipicolinic acid, urea.HCl, boric acid, or
mixtures thereof, and more preferably citric acid.
[0105] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
first synergistic composition for the control of pathogens and/or
the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of said
pathogens in and/or on seeds, preferably seeds having external
shells, more preferably edible seeds and much more preferably hemp,
flax and chia seeds, wherein said synergistic composition
comprises: [0106] water (W), [0107] the first composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) defined hereinabove , and [0108]
at least one wetting agent soluble in water (W), or preferably at
least one agriculturally acceptable solvent which is soluble in
water (W), or more preferably at least one wetting agent soluble in
water (W) and preferably at least one agriculturally acceptable
solvent which is soluble in water (W); said at least one
agriculturally acceptable solvent being preferably an
agriculturally acceptable alcohol, glycol ether, propylene glycol,
or ethylene glycol, and much more preferably an alcohol of formula
ROH where R represents a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 6
carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon
atoms;
[0109] wherein the composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI)
is contacted with water (W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging
from 1:100 to 1:4, preferably 1:5, wherein, when present, the at
least one agriculturally acceptable solvent either forming a
mixture with the water (W) or being preferably added to a solution
of peracetic acid resulting from the contact of the composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) with water, to form the
synergistic composition; and
[0110] wherein when present, the at least one agriculturally
acceptable solvent is present in the synergistic composition in
such an amount that it represents from 2% by volume to 70% by
volume, preferably about 50% by volume, of the total volume of the
synergistic composition.
[0111] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
second synergistic composition for the control of pathogens and/or
the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of said
pathogens in and/or on seeds, preferably seeds having external
shells, more preferably edible seeds and much more preferably hemp,
flax and chia seeds, wherein said synergistic composition
comprises: [0112] water (W), [0113] the second composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) defined hereinabove, and [0114] at
least one wetting agent soluble in water (W); wherein the
composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is contacted with
water (W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4,
preferably 1:5.
[0115] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
third synergistic composition for the control of pathogens and/or
the prevention of diseases associated with the presence of said
pathogens in and/or on seeds, preferably seeds having external
shells, more preferably edible seeds and much more preferably hemp,
flax and chia seeds, wherein said synergistic composition
comprises: [0116] water (W), [0117] the third composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) defined hereinabove, and [0118] at
least one agriculturally acceptable solvent which is soluble in
water (W), said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent
being preferably an agriculturally acceptable alcohol, glycol
ether, propylene glycol, or ethylene glycol, and much more
preferably an alcohol of formula ROH where R represents a linear
alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl
group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms;
[0119] wherein the composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI)
is contacted with water (W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging
from 1:100 to 1:4, preferably 1:5, the at least one agriculturally
acceptable solvent either forming a mixture with the water (W) or
being preferably added to a solution of peracetic acid resulting
from the contact of the composition of water-soluble ingredients
(CWSI) with water, to form the synergistic composition; and
[0120] wherein the at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent
being present in the synergistic composition in such an amount that
it represents from 2% by volume to 70% by volume, preferably about
50% by volume, of the total volume of the synergistic
composition.
[0121] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third synergistic composition defined hereinabove, wherein the
composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is contacted with
water (W), in a weight ratio (CWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4,
preferably 1:5, the at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent
being added to a solution of peracetic acid resulting from the
contact of the composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) with
water, to form the synergistic composition.
[0122] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein the at least one oxidizer is the preformed liquid peracetic
acid, wherein the volume ratio of the preformed liquid peracetic to
the water (W) is about 1:5, and wherein said synergistic
composition has about 5% by weight of dissolved peracetic acid with
respect to the total weight of the synergistic composition.
[0123] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein the at least one oxidizer is the preformed liquid peracetic
which have the following formulation:
TABLE-US-00001 Ingredients Percentage (w/w) Distilled Water 21.0%
Acetic Acid 92% (CAS number: 64-19-7) 13.5% Sulphuric Acid 96% (CAS
number: 7664-93-9) 1.1% Hydrogen Peroxide 50% (CAS number:
7722-84-1) 62.0% Citric acid - Food grade (CAS number: 77-92-9)
0.9% APG 325N .RTM. (Polyglycoside surfactant) 1.5% CAS number:
110615-47-9: TOTAL: 100% w/w.
[0124] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein the composition of water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) is a
powdered composition of water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) as
defined hereinabove, and wherein the powdered composition of
water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI) is dissolved in water (W) in the
weight ratio (PCWSI)/(W) ranging from 1:100 to 1:4, preferably
about 1:10.
[0125] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third synergistic composition defined hereinabove, wherein when
the at least one additional agriculturally acceptable solvent is
selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alcohols and
glycol ethers, more particularly from the group consisting of
ethanol, isopropanol and monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol, and
much more preferably being food grade ethanol, and said aqueous
synergistic composition further prevents the release of mucilage
from seeds, especially on flax seeds and chia seeds.
[0126] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein said synergistic composition is for an application to the
seeds by spraying, vaporizing, soaking, fumigating, or
electrostatic spraying, preferably spraying.
[0127] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein the pathogens selected from the group consisting of
viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeasts and moulds.
[0128] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third synergistic composition defined hereinabove, for the
further prevention of mucilage from seeds.
[0129] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein pathogens are bacteria, preferably bacteria are selected
from the group consisting of E. Coli, Listeria monocytogenes and
Salmonella spp., and more preferably E. coli in hemp seed and
Salmonella in chia seeds.
[0130] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein pathogens cause disease in crop plants; said pathogens are
bacteria (including but not limited to Agrobacterium spp.,
Burkholderia spp., Clavibacter spp., Corynebacterium spp., Erwinia
spp., Pseudomonas spp., Ralstonia spp., Rhizomonas spp.,
Xanthomonas spp., and Xylella spp.).
[0131] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein pathogens cause disease in crop plants; said pathogens are
fungi (including but not limited to Albugo spp., Alternaria spp.,
Armillaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Athelia spp., Bipolaris spp.,
Botryosphaeria spp., Botryotinia spp., Botrytis spp., Bremia spp.,
Capnodium spp., Ceratobasidium spp., Ceratocystis spp., Cercospora
spp., Choanephora spp., Claviceps spp., Corynespora spp.,
Cronartium spp., Cryphonectria spp., Cylindrocladium spp.,
Cytospora spp., Diaporthe spp., Dipodia spp., Dreschlera spp.,
Elsinoe spp., Erexohilum spp., Erysiphe spp., Eutypha spp.,
Exobasidium spp., Fusarium spp., Gaeumannomyces spp., Gliocladium
spp., Gymnosporangium spp., Heterobasidium spp., Hypoxylon spp.,
Kutilakesa spp., Lophiodermium spp., Magnaporthe spp., Melampsora
spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Myrothecia spp.,
Nectriella spp., Nematospora spp., Oidium spp., Olpidium spp.,
Ophiostoma spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp., Phakospora
spp., Phoma spp., Phomopsis spp., Phragmidium spp., Phyllactinia
spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmodiophora spp.,
Plasmopara spp., Pseudoperonospora spp., Puccinia spp., Pythium
spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhytisma spp., Sclerotinia
spp., Sclerotium spp., Spongospora spp., Synchytrium spp., Taphrina
spp., Thanatephorus spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Tilletia spp.,
Uncinula spp., Urocystis spp., Ustilago spp., Valsa spp., Venturia
spp., Verticillium spp., and Xylaria spp.).
[0132] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein the seeds are edible seeds, grains raw and/or cooked, seeds
of transplantable crops, or seeds for sprouting, such as: [0133]
cereals such as: true cereals which are seeds of certain species of
grass: maize, wheat and rice, said cereal including and being not
limited to barley, fonio, maize (corn), pearl millet, oats,
palmer's grass, rice, rye, sorghum, spelt, teff, triticale, wheat
or wild rice; [0134] pseudocereals such as breadnut, buckwheat,
cattail, chia, flax, grain amaranth, kaniwa, pitseed goosefoot,
quinoa or wattleseed (also called acacia seed); [0135] nuts such as
for example culinary nuts (including and not limited to almonds,
coconuts, peanuts and cashews) and nuts such as almond, beech,
brazil nut, candlenut, cashew, chestnuts (including and not limited
to Chinese chestnut or sweet chestnut), coconut, colocynth,
Cucurbita ficifolia, filbert, Gevuina avellana, hickory (including
and not limited to pecan or shagbark hickory), Terminalia catappa,
hazelnut, Indian beech, kola nut, macadamia, Malabar chestnut,
pistacia, mamoncillo, maya nut, mongongo, oak acorns, ogbono nut,
paradise nut, pili nut, walnut (including and not limited to black
walnut) or water caltrop; [0136] nut-like gymnosperm seeds such as
pine nuts are gymnosperm seeds that are edible (including and not
limited to cycads, ginkgo, Gnetum gnemon, juniper, monkey-puzzle,
pine nuts, or podocarps); [0137] other seeds such as cempedak,
coffee, egusi, euryale ferox (fox nut), fluted pumpkin, hemp seed,
jackfruit, lotus seed, Malabar gourd, pumpkin seed, sunflower seed,
sesame seed or Tahini; [0138] beans such as bambara groundnut,
chickpeas, cowpeas (including and not limited to black eyed pea),
dry beans, fava or broad beans, hyacinth bean, lablab, lentils,
lupins, Moringa oleifera, peas, peanuts, pigeon peas, sterculia,
velvet beans, winged beans, yam beans or soybeans; [0139] seeds for
sprouting, including, but not limited to, pulses or legumes (such
as, but not limited to, alfalfa, clover, fenugreek, lentil, pea,
chickpea, mung bean and soybean; cereals (such as, but not limited
to, oat, wheat, maize (corn), rice, barley, rye, kamut, quinoa,
amaranth and buckwheat; oilseeds (such as, but not limited to,
sesame, sunflower, almond, hazelnut, linseed, peanut); brassicas or
crucifers or cabbage family (such as, but not limited to, broccoli,
cabbage, watercress, mustard, mizuna, radish, daikon (kaiware),
rocket (arugula), tatsoi and turnip); umbelliferous vegetables or
parsley family (such as, but not limited to, carrot, celery,
fennel, parsley; alliums or onion family (such as, but not limited
to, onion, leek, green onion or me-negi); other vegetables and
herbs (such as, but not limited to, spinach, lettuce, milk thistle
and lemon grass); [0140] seed spices including, but not limited to
ajwain or carom seeds, alligator pepper or mbongo spice or
mbongochobi or hepper pepper, allspice, anise, aniseed myrtle,
annatto, borage, black cardamom, black mustard, blue fenugreek or
blue melilot, brown mustard, caraway, cardamom, celery seed, clove,
coriander seed, cumin, dill seed, fennel, fenugreek, grains of
paradise, grains of Selim or Kani pepper, juniper berry, kala zeera
or kala jira or black cumin, kawakawa seeds, keluak or kluwak or
kepayang, kokam seed, korarima or Ethiopian cardamom or false
cardamom, mace, mahlab or Saint Lucie cherry, black mustard seed,
brown mustard seed, white mustard seed, yellow mustard seed,
nigella or kalonji or black caraway or black onion seed, njangsa or
djansang, nutmeg, black pepper seed, green pepper seed, black
pepper seed, white pepper seed, star anise, sumac, Szechuan pepper
or Sichuan pepper, vanilla, wattleseed; [0141] seeds of crops
transplantable from greenhouse to field, including but not limited
to basil, bell pepper, broccoflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts,
cabbage, cantaloupe, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, eggplant, head
lettuce, honeydew, muskmelon, onion, radicchio, romaine lettuce,
squash, tobacco, tomato, watermelon; or [0142] medical
marijuana.
[0143] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the synergistic compositions defined hereinabove,
wherein the seeds are edible post-harvest seeds, spices and grains,
and preferably whole dried pear, split pea dried, pea fiber,
oregano, vanilla, basil, black pepper, chia, sesame, sprouted flax
and chia, flax and hemp, and more preferably hemp, flax and chia
seeds.
[0144] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
first method for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of
diseases associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or
on seeds, preferably seeds having external shells, more preferably
edible seeds such as hemp, flax and chia seeds, said method
comprising a step of contacting said seeds with the first
synergistic composition defined hereinabove, wherein the
synergistic composition is contacted with seeds.
[0145] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
second method for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of
diseases associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or
on seeds, preferably seeds having external shells, more preferably
edible seeds such as hemp, flax and chia seeds, said method
comprising a step of contacting said seeds with the second
synergistic composition defined hereinabove, wherein the
synergistic composition is contacted with seeds in such an amount
that said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent represents
less than 10% by volume, preferably from 1 to 5% by volume, and
more preferably about 2% by volume as final concentration of the at
least one agriculturally acceptable solvent admixed with seeds.
[0146] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
third method for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of
diseases associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or
on seeds, preferably seeds having external shells, more preferably
edible seeds such as hemp, flax and chia seeds, said method
comprising a step of contacting said seeds with the third
synergistic composition defined hereinabove, wherein the
synergistic composition is contacted with seeds in such an amount
that said at least one agriculturally acceptable solvent represents
less than 10% by volume, preferably from 1 to 5% by volume, and
more preferably about 2% by volume as final concentration of the at
least one agriculturally acceptable solvent admixed with seeds.
[0147] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein the
pathogens selected from the group consisting of viruses, bacteria,
fungi, yeasts and moulds.
[0148] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third method defined hereinabove, wherein the pathogens
selected from the group consisting of viruses, bacteria, fungi,
yeasts and moulds, and further for the prevention of mucilage from
seeds.
[0149] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein pathogens are
bacteria, preferably bacteria are selected from the group
consisting of E. Coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.,
and more preferably E. coli on hemp seeds and Salmonella on chia
seeds.
[0150] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein pathogens cause
disease in crop plants; said pathogens are bacteria (including but
not limited to Agrobacterium spp., Burkholderia spp., Clavibacter
spp., Corynebacterium spp., Erwinia spp., Pseudomonas spp.,
Ralstonia spp., Rhizomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., and Xylella
spp.).
[0151] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein pathogens cause
disease in crop plants; said pathogens are fungi (including but not
limited to Albugo spp., Alternaria spp., Armillaria spp.,
Aspergillus spp., Athelia spp., Bipolaris spp., Botryosphaeria
spp., Botryotinia spp., Botrytis spp., Bremia spp., Capnodium spp.,
Ceratobasidium spp., Ceratocystis spp., Cercospora spp.,
Choanephora spp., Claviceps spp., Corynespora spp., Cronartium
spp., Cryphonectria spp., Cylindrocladium spp., Cytospora spp.,
Diaporthe spp., Dipodia spp., Dreschlera spp., Elsinoe spp.,
Erexohilum spp., Erysiphe spp., Eutypha spp., Exobasidium spp.,
Fusarium spp., Gaeumannomyces spp., Gliocladium spp.,
Gymnosporangium spp., Heterobasidium spp., Hypoxy/on spp.,
Kutilakesa spp., Lophiodermium spp., Magnaporthe spp., Melampsora
spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Myrothecia spp.,
Nectriella spp., Nematospora spp., Oidium spp., Olpidium spp.,
Ophiostoma spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp., Phakospora
spp., Phoma spp., Phomopsis spp., Phragmidium spp., Phyllactinia
spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmodiophora spp.,
Plasmopara spp., Pseudoperonospora spp., Puccinia spp., Pythium
spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhytisma spp., Sclerotinia
spp., Sclerotium spp., Spongospora spp., Synchytrium spp., Taphrina
spp., Thanatephorus spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Tilletia spp.,
Uncinula spp., Urocystis spp., Ustilago spp., Valsa spp., Venturia
spp., Verticillium spp., and Xylaria spp.).
[0152] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein the seeds are
edible seeds, grains raw and/or cooked, seeds of transplantable
crops, or seeds for sprouting, such as: [0153] cereals such as:
true cereals which are seeds of certain species of grass: maize,
wheat and rice, said cereal including and being not limited to
barley, fonio, maize (corn), pearl millet, oats, palmer's grass,
rice, rye, sorghum, spelt, teff, triticale, wheat or wild rice;
[0154] pseudocereals such as breadnut, buckwheat, cattail, chia,
flax, grain amaranth, kaniwa, pitseed goosefoot, quinoa or
wattleseed (also called acacia seed); [0155] nuts such as for
example culinary nuts (including and not limited to almonds,
coconuts, peanuts and cashews) and nuts such as almond, beech,
brazil nut, candlenut, cashew, chestnuts (including and not limited
to Chinese chestnut or sweet chestnut), coconut, colocynth,
Cucurbita ficifolia, filbert, Gevuina avellana, hickory (including
and not limited to pecan or shagbark hickory), Terminalia catappa,
hazelnut, Indian beech, kola nut, macadamia, Malabar chestnut,
pistacia, mamoncillo, maya nut, mongongo, oak acorns, ogbono nut,
paradise nut, pili nut, walnut (including and not limited to black
walnut) or water caltrop; [0156] nut-like gymnosperm seeds such as
pine nuts are gymnosperm seeds that are edible (including and not
limited to cycads, ginkgo, Gnetum gnemon, juniper, monkey-puzzle,
pine nuts, or podocarps); [0157] other seeds such as cempedak,
coffee, egusi, euryale ferox (fox nut), fluted pumpkin, hemp seed,
jackfruit, lotus seed, Malabar gourd, pumpkin seed, sunflower seed
or sesame seed; [0158] beans such as bambara groundnut, chickpeas,
cowpeas (including and not limited to black eyed pea), dry beans,
fava or broad beans, hyacinth bean, lablab, lentils, lupins,
Moringa oleifera, peas, peanuts, pigeon peas, sterculia, velvet
beans, winged beans, yam beans or soybeans; [0159] seeds for
sprouting, including, but not limited to, pulses or legumes (such
as, but not limited to, alfalfa, clover, fenugreek, lentil, pea,
chickpea, mung bean and soybean; cereals (such as, but not limited
to, oat, wheat, maize (corn), rice, barley, rye, kamut, quinoa,
amaranth and buckwheat; oilseeds (such as, but not limited to,
sesame, sunflower, almond, hazelnut, linseed, peanut); brassicas or
crucifers or cabbage family (such as, but not limited to, broccoli,
cabbage, watercress, mustard, mizuna, radish, daikon (kaiware),
rocket (arugula), tatsoi and turnip); umbelliferous vegetables or
parsley family (such as, but not limited to, carrot, celery,
fennel, parsley; alliums or onion family (such as, but not limited
to, onion, leek, green onion or me-negi); other vegetables and
herbs (such as, but not limited to, spinach, lettuce, milk thistle
and lemon grass); [0160] seed spices including, but not limited to
ajwain or carom seeds, alligator pepper or mbongo spice or
mbongochobi or hepper pepper, allspice, anise, aniseed myrtle,
annatto, borage, black cardamom, black mustard, blue fenugreek or
blue melilot, brown mustard, caraway, cardamom, celery seed, clove,
coriander seed, cumin, dill seed, fennel, fenugreek, grains of
paradise, grains of Selim or Kani pepper, juniper berry, kala zeera
or kala jira or black cumin, kawakawa seeds, keluak or kluwak or
kepayang, kokam seed, korarima or Ethiopian cardamom or false
cardamom, mace, mahlab or Saint Lucie cherry, black mustard seed,
brown mustard seed, white mustard seed, yellow mustard seed,
nigella or kalonji or black caraway or black onion seed, njangsa or
djansang, nutmeg, black pepper seed, green pepper seed, black
pepper seed, white pepper seed, star anise, sumac, Szechuan pepper
or Sichuan pepper, vanilla, wattleseed; [0161] seeds of crops
transplantable from greenhouse to field, including but not limited
to basil, bell pepper, broccoflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts,
cabbage, cantaloupe, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, eggplant, head
lettuce, honeydew, muskmelon, onion, radicchio, romaine lettuce,
squash, tobacco, tomato, watermelon; or [0162] medical
marijuana.
[0163] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein the seeds are
seeds of whole dried pear, split pea dried, pea fiber, oregano,
vanilla, basil, chia, sesame, sprouted flax and chia, flax and
hemp, and more preferably hemp seeds, flax seeds and chia
seeds.
[0164] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein said
synergistic composition is for an application to the seeds by
spraying, vaporizing, soaking, fumigating, or electrostatic
spraying, preferably spraying.
[0165] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein said
synergistic composition is for an application to the seeds by
spraying and keeping the synergistic composition in contact with
the seeds and grains for 2 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 24
hours before drying.
[0166] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of the methods defined hereinabove, wherein seeds are dried
after contact with the synergistic composition and contact time, to
reduce the moisture content of the seeds below 10% and further
contribute to prevent a regrowth of microorganisms.
[0167] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
first use of the first synergistic composition defined hereinabove,
for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of diseases
associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or on seeds,
preferably seeds having external shells, more preferably edible
seeds such as hemp seeds, chia seeds and flax seeds.
[0168] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
second use of the second synergistic composition defined
hereinabove, for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of
diseases associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or
on seeds, preferably seeds having external shells, more preferably
edible seeds such as hemp seeds, chia seeds and flax seeds.
[0169] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
third use of the third synergistic composition defined hereinabove,
for the control of pathogens and/or the prevention of diseases
associated with the presence of said pathogens in and/or on seeds,
preferably seeds having external shells, more preferably edible
seeds such as hemp seeds, chia seeds and flax seeds.
[0170] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein the pathogens selected
from the group consisting of viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeasts and
moulds.
[0171] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the third use defined hereinabove, wherein the pathogens selected
from the group consisting of viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeasts and
moulds, and further for the prevention of mucilage from seeds.
[0172] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein pathogens are
bacteria, preferably bacteria are selected from the group
consisting of E. Coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.,
and more preferably E. coli.
[0173] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein pathogens cause
disease in crop plants; said pathogens are bacteria (including but
not limited to Agrobacterium spp., Burkholderia spp., Clavibacter
spp., Corynebacterium spp., Erwinia spp., Pseudomonas spp.,
Ralstonia spp., Rhizomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., and Xylella
spp.).
[0174] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein pathogens cause
disease in crop plants; said pathogens are fungi (including but not
limited to Albugo spp., Alternaria spp., Armillaria spp.,
Aspergillus spp., Athelia spp., Bipolaris spp., Botryosphaeria
spp., Botryotinia spp., Botrytis spp., Bremia spp., Capnodium spp.,
Ceratobasidium spp., Ceratocystis spp., Cercospora spp.,
Choanephora spp., Claviceps spp., Corynespora spp., Cronartium
spp., Cryphonectria spp., Cylindrocladium spp., Cytospora spp.,
Diaporthe spp., Dipodia spp., Dreschlera spp., Elsinoe spp.,
Erexohilum spp., Erysiphe spp., Eutypha spp., Exobasidium spp.,
Fusarium spp., Gaeumannomyces spp., Gliocladium spp.,
Gymnosporangium spp., Heterobasidium spp., Hypoxylon spp.,
Kutilakesa spp., Lophiodermium spp., Magnaporthe spp., Melampsora
spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Myrothecia spp.,
Nectriella spp., Nematospora spp., Oidium spp., Olpidium spp.,
Ophiostoma spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp., Phakospora
spp., Phoma spp., Phomopsis spp., Phragmidium spp., Phyllactinia
spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmodiophora spp.,
Plasmopara spp., Pseudoperonospora spp., Puccinia spp., Pythium
spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhytisma spp., Sclerotinia
spp., Sclerotium spp., Spongospora spp., Synchytrium spp., Taphrina
spp., Thanatephorus spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Tilletia spp.,
Uncinula spp., Urocystis spp., Ustilago spp., Valsa spp., Venturia
spp., Verticillium spp., and Xylaria spp.).
[0175] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein the seeds are edible
seeds, grains raw and/or cooked, seeds of transplantable crops, or
seeds for sprouting, such as: [0176] cereals such as: true cereals
which are seeds of certain species of grass: maize, wheat and rice,
said cereal including and being not limited to barley, fonio, maize
(corn), pearl millet, oats, palmer's grass, rice, rye, sorghum,
spelt, teff, triticale, wheat or wild rice; [0177] pseudocereals
such as breadnut, buckwheat, cattail, chia, flax, grain amaranth,
kaniwa, pitseed goosefoot, quinoa or wattleseed (also called acacia
seed); [0178] nuts such as for example culinary nuts (including and
not limited to almonds, coconuts, peanuts and cashews) and nuts
such as almond, beech, brazil nut, candlenut, cashew, chestnuts
(including and not limited to Chinese chestnut or sweet chestnut),
coconut, colocynth, Cucurbita ficifolia, filbert, Gevuina avellana,
hickory (including and not limited to pecan or shagbark hickory),
Terminalia catappa, hazelnut, Indian beech, kola nut, macadamia,
Malabar chestnut, pistacia, mamoncillo, maya nut, mongongo, oak
acorns, ogbono nut, paradise nut, pili nut, walnut (including and
not limited to black walnut) or water caltrop; [0179] nut-like
gymnosperm seeds such as pine nuts are gymnosperm seeds that are
edible (including and not limited to cycads, ginkgo, Gnetum gnemon,
juniper, monkey-puzzle, pine nuts, or podocarps); [0180] other
seeds such as cempedak, coffee, egusi, euryale ferox (fox nut),
fluted pumpkin, hemp seed, jackfruit, lotus seed, Malabar gourd,
pumpkin seed, sunflower seed or sesame seed; [0181] beans such as
bambara groundnut, chickpeas, cowpeas (including and not limited to
black eyed pea), dry beans, fava or broad beans, hyacinth bean,
lablab, lentils, lupins, Moringa oleifera, peas, peanuts, pigeon
peas, sterculia, velvet beans, winged beans, yam beans or soybeans;
[0182] seeds for sprouting, including, but not limited to, pulses
or legumes (such as, but not limited to, alfalfa, clover,
fenugreek, lentil, pea, chickpea, mung bean and soybean; cereals
(such as, but not limited to, oat, wheat, maize (corn), rice,
barley, rye, kamut, quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat; oilseeds (such
as, but not limited to, sesame, sunflower, almond, hazelnut,
linseed, peanut); brassicas or crucifers or cabbage family (such
as, but not limited to, broccoli, cabbage, watercress, mustard,
mizuna, radish, daikon (kaiware), rocket (arugula), tatsoi and
turnip); umbelliferous vegetables or parsley family (such as, but
not limited to, carrot, celery, fennel, parsley; alliums or onion
family (such as, but not limited to, onion, leek, green onion or
me-negi); other vegetables and herbs (such as, but not limited to,
spinach, lettuce, milk thistle and lemon grass); [0183] seed spices
including, but not limited to ajwain or carom seeds, alligator
pepper or mbongo spice or mbongochobi or hepper pepper, allspice,
anise, aniseed myrtle, annatto, borage, black cardamom, black
mustard, blue fenugreek or blue melilot, brown mustard, caraway,
cardamom, celery seed, clove, coriander seed, cumin, dill seed,
fennel, fenugreek, grains of paradise, grains of Selim or Kani
pepper, juniper berry, kala zeera or kala jira or black cumin,
kawakawa seeds, keluak or kluwak or kepayang, kokam seed, korarima
or Ethiopian cardamom or false cardamom, mace, mahlab or Saint
Lucie cherry, black mustard seed, brown mustard seed, white mustard
seed, yellow mustard seed, nigella or kalonji or black caraway or
black onion seed, njangsa or djansang, nutmeg, black pepper seed,
green pepper seed, black pepper seed, white pepper seed, star
anise, sumac, Szechuan pepper or Sichuan pepper, vanilla,
wattleseed; [0184] seeds of crops transplantable from greenhouse to
field, including but not limited to basil, bell pepper,
broccoflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupe,
cauliflower, celery, cucumber, eggplant, head lettuce, honeydew,
muskmelon, onion, radicchio, romaine lettuce, squash, tobacco,
tomato, watermelon; or [0185] medical marijuana.
[0186] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein the seeds are seeds of
whole dried pear, split pea dried, pea fiber, oregano, vanilla,
basil, chia, sesame, sprouted flax and chia, flax and hemp, and
more preferably hemp seeds, flax seeds and chia seeds.
[0187] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein said aqueous,
synergistic composition is for an application to the seeds by
spraying, vaporizing, soaking, fumigating, or electrostatic
spraying, preferably spraying.
[0188] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein said synergistic
composition is for an application to the seeds by spraying and
keeping the synergistic composition in contact with the seeds and
grains for 2 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 24 hours before
drying.
[0189] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
any one of uses defined hereinabove, wherein seeds are dried after
contact with the synergistic composition and contact time, to
reduce the moisture content of the seeds below 10% and further
contribute to prevent a regrowth of microorganisms.
[0190] According to another embodiment of the invention relates to
the use defined hereinabove, wherein said aqueous, synergistic
composition is for an application to the seeds by spraying,
vaporizing, soaking, fumigating, or electrostatic spraying,
preferably spraying. Of course, said spraying, vaporizing, soaking,
fumigating or electrostatic spraying can be carried out according
to any conventional technics well known to the person skilled in
the art.
[0191] According to another embodiment, the composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) or the powdered composition of
water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI), may further comprises a plant
defence enhancer selected from the group consisting of at least one
pesticide comprising a water soluble silicate salt , at least one
biopesticide comprising a water soluble silicate salt ,
acibenzolar-S-methyl, silica/silicate, DL-.alpha.-amino-n-butyric
acid (AABA), DL-.beta.-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA),
.gamma.-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA),
riboflavin, salicylic acid (SA), and Harpin protein
(messenger).
[0192] According to another embodiment, the composition of
water-soluble ingredients (CWSI) or the powdered composition of
water-soluble ingredients (PCWSI), may further comprises a
sequestering agent, preferably in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 10%
w/w, relative to the total weight of said composition.
[0193] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the powdered composition defined hereinabove, wherein the
acetylating agent is an organic acid containing at least one acyl
group which is susceptible to perhydrolysis.
[0194] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the powdered composition defined hereinabove, wherein the
acetylating agent is a N-acyl compound or a O-acyl compound
containing an acyl radical R.sup.1--CO-- wherein R.sup.1 is an
aliphatic group having from 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkylaryl
group having from 11 to 24 carbon atoms, with 5 to 18 carbon atoms
in the alkyl chain. Preferably, Fe is an aliphatic group having
from 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
[0195] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to
the wetting agent is Bio-Terge.RTM. AS-90 (a surfactant) consisting
of an alpha olefin sulfonate having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
[0196] For example, the powdered composition of water-soluble
ingredients defined hereinabove, can be mixed with water at a
concentration of 0.4 to 0.6% (4 to 6 Kg of formula diluted in
potable water (i.e. 40L) in order to sanitize 1 ton of edible seeds
(i.e. hemp seeds). To do so, according to a particularly preferred
aspect of the invention, first the above mentioned the powdered
composition of water-soluble ingredients was dissolved in water and
mixed for at least 10 minutes, and then the solution obtained was
applied to the seeds to be treated. Then seeds were kept in contact
with the solution for 2 to 5 minutes, and preferably then rinsed
thoroughly with abundant potable water and finally the seeds were
dried very well.
[0197] It is to be noted that according to another preferred
embodiment of the invention, a contact time of 2 minutes reveals to
be sufficient for reducing the total population of bacteria present
on seeds surface to below 1 million CFU per gram and reduce the E.
coli, coliforms, yeast and mould to undetectable levels.
[0198] Alternatively, in the case some edible seeds such as flax,
cannot tolerate water; other types of spraying with no added water
can be used. In such case, for example fumigation and electrostatic
spraying may be preferred. According to an embodiment of the
invention, fogging and electrostatic spraying are preferred.
Indeed, fogging and electrostatic spraying reduce the water
particle size to produce smaller droplets that do not alter the
external shell of the seed. Of course, said spraying, vaporizing,
soaking, fumigating or electrostatic spraying can be carried out
according to any conventional technics well known to the person
skilled in the art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0199] The present invention will be better understood with
reference to the following preferred drawing illustrating
particularly preferred and non-limitative embodiments of the
invention.
[0200] FIGS. 1 to 3 represent results obtained according to Example
2, and
[0201] FIGS. 4 to 6 represent results obtained according to Example
3.
[0202] More particularly preferred embodiments of the invention
will be illustrated in the following examples.
EXAMPLE #1
Protocols for Seeds, Grains and Spices Sanitation
I--Preparation of Different Solutions
[0203] 1. Wetting Agent (i.e. Surfactant) Preparation:
Description:
[0204] APG.RTM. 325 is a liquid wetting agent (i.e. a surfactant)
composed of alkyl polyglycoside and derived from natural sources.
It is a foaming surfactant.
Preparation:
[0205] 5 g of liquid APG 325 surfactant were diluted in 1 L water,
and mixed for 5 minutes, to make 0.5% solution of wetting agent
(i.e. surfactant).
2. Alcohol Preparation:
Description:
[0206] A food-grade alcohol based on ethanol at 94% concentration
minimum (provided by Greenfield Ethanol).
Preparation:
[0207] 100 ml of the above-mentioned ethanol were diluted in 100 ml
water to a make a 50% food grade ethanol.
3. Powdered Peracetic Acid Preparation without Surfactant:
Description:
[0208] A blend of sodium percarbonate (62% w/w), TAED (20% w/w) and
citric acid (18% w/w) that generates peracetic acid and hydrogen
peroxide in-situ. It is a non-foaming solution and free of
surface-active agents. This Powdered PAA is equivalent to 10%
peracetic acid.
Preparation:
[0209] 100 g of Powdered PAA was dissolved in 1 L water and mixed
for 10-15 min until peracetic acid is generated in-situ. Both
peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide can be tested via Lamotte test
kit code 7191-02. This solution was to be used within 6 hours to
maintain a high concentration of peracetic acid.
4. Neo Pure Preparation:
Description:
[0210] Neo Pure is a powdered composition that generates peracetic
acid in-situ via TAED, sodium percarbonate and citric acid mixture.
Also, it generates hydrogen peroxide and contains a poylglycoside
wetting agent (i.e. a surfactant). Neo Pure is equivalent to 10%
peracetic acid. More particularly, the Neo Pure had the following
formulation:
TABLE-US-00002 Sodium percarbonate 58% w/w
Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) 20% w/w Citric acid (food-grade)
18% w/w Glucooon 50 G surfactant (alkylpolyglycoside) 4% w/w Total
100%
Preparation:
[0211] 100 g of Neo Pure was dissolved in 1 L water and mixed for
10-15 min until peracetic acid was generated in-situ. Both
peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide can be tested via Lamotte test
kit code 7191-02. This solution was to be used within 6 hours to
maintain a high concentration of peracetic acid.
5. Neo Pure Preparation with Alcohol:
Description:
[0212] Neo Pure is a powdered composition that generates peracetic
acid in-situ via TAED, sodium percarbonate and citric acid mixture.
Also it generates hydrogen peroxide and contains a poylglycoside
wetting agent (i.e. a surfactant). Neo Pure is equivalent to 10%
peracetic acid.
Preparation:
[0213] 100 g of Neo Pure were dissolved in 1 L water and mixed for
10-15 min until peracetic acid was generated in-situ. Then, 100 ml
of the solution so obtained was mixed with 100 ml ethanol 94% for
10 minutes. More particularly, the Neo Pure had the following
formulation:
6. Liquid Peracetic Acid Preparation Without Wetting Agent:
Description:
[0214] PERCID is a CFIA approved liquid preformed peracetic acid.
PERCID is a concentrated 5% peracetic acid formula composed of
mixing liquid acetic acid with liquid hydrogen peroxide.
Preparation:
[0215] 200 ml of PERCID was dissolved in 1 L water and mixed for 5
minutes. A non-foaming solution free of surface-active agents such
as a wetting agent, was obtained.
7. Liquid Peracetic Acid Preparation with a Wetting Agent (i.e. a
Surfactant):
Description:
[0216] PERCID is a CFIA approved liquid preformed peracetic acid.
Percid is a concentrated 5% peracetic acid formula composed of
mixing liquid acetic acid with liquid hydrogen peroxide. PERCID
solution is mixed a liquid wetting agent (i.e. surfactant) APG
325.
Preparation:
[0217] 200 ml of PERCID was dissolved in 1 L water and mixed for 5
minutes. Then, 5 g of APG.RTM. 325 was added to the solution so
obtained, and mixed for 5 minutes. A foaming PAA solution was
obtained.
8. Liquid Peracetic Acid Preparation with Wetting Agent (i.e.
Surfactant) and Alcohol:
Description:
[0218] PERCID is a CFIA approved liquid preformed peracetic acid.
PERCID is a concentrated 5% peracetic acid formula composed of
mixing liquid acetic acid with liquid hydrogen peroxide. PERCID
solution is mixed a liquid wetting agent (i.e. surfactant) APG.RTM.
325.
Preparation:
[0219] 200 ml of PERCID was dissolved in 1 L water, and mixed for 5
minutes. Then, 5g of APG.RTM. 325 were added to the resulting
solution, and mixed for 5 minutes.A foaming PAA solution was
obtained. Then, 100 ml of this foaming PAA was mixed with 100 ml
ethanol 94% for 10 minutes, to provide the liquid peracetic acid
preparation with wetting agent and alcohol.
9. Powdered Peracetic Acid Preparation with Alcohol:
Description:
[0220] A blend of sodium percarbonate (62%), TAED (20%) and citric
acid (18%) that generates peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide
in-situ. It is a non-foaming solution and free of surface active
agents. This powdered PAA is equivalent to 10% peracetic acid.
Preparation:
[0221] 100 g of Powdered PAA were dissolved in 1 L water, and mixed
for 10-15 min until peracetic acid is generated in-situ. Then, 100
ml of the solution so obtained was mixed with 100 ml ethanol 94%
for 10 minutes.
10. Liquid Peracetic Acid Preparation with Alcohol:
Description:
[0222] PERCID is a CFIA approved liquid preformed peracetic acid.
PERCID is a concentrated 5% peracetic acid formula composed of
mixing liquid acetic acid with liquid hydrogen peroxide.
Preparation:
[0223] 200 ml of PERCID were dissolved in 1 L water, and mixed for
5 minutes. A non-foaming PAA solution was obtained. Then, 100 ml of
this non-foaming PAA was mixed with 100 ml Ethanol 94% for 10
minutes, to provide the liquid peracetic acid preparation with
alcohol.
II--Preparation of Different Seeds Grains.
[0224] Seeds were mechanically cleaned and spread in stainless
steel containers. Each 100 grams seeds were sprayed with 4 ml total
solutions descried above via conventional trigger vaporizer. This
solution is equivalent to 40 L disinfecting solution total sprayed
on 1-ton seeds. Seeds, grains and spices were selected to represent
all families and types of seeds, grains and spices. Another
criteria was to select seeds and grains contaminated with a high
count of total aerobic bacteria, yeast, mold, E. coli, Salmonella
sp. and other pathogenic microorganisms.
[0225] Seeds, grains and spices treated were: [0226] Whole dried
pea, [0227] Split pea dried, [0228] Pea fiber, [0229] Vanilla,
[0230] Chia, [0231] Sprouted flax and chia, [0232] Flax, [0233]
Hemp, and [0234] Black pepper seeds
III--RESULTS on Whole Dried Pea
TABLE-US-00003 [0235] Total count Aerobic - Physical Treatments
CFU/g bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av =
800,000 No effect No effect n1 = 700,000 n2 = 890,000 Av = 1,000
Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 1- Wetting agent APG 325 Av = 925,000
No effect No effect 0.5% n1 = 850,000 n2 = 1 million Av = 1,000
Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 2- Alcohol - ethanol Av = 900,000 No
effect No effect 50% n1 = 800,000 n2 = 1 million Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected 3- Powdered PAA Alone Av = 300,000 No
effect No effect 4 kg/40 L n1 = 250,000 n2 = 350,000 Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected 4- Neo Pure Av = 150,000 No effect No
effect 4 kg/40 L n1 = 170,000 n2 = 130,000 Y&M not detected n1,
n2 not detected 5- Neo Pure + alcohol Av = 60,000 No effect No
effect 2 kg/20 L + 20 L n1 = 60,000 n2 = 60,000 Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected 6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Av =
250,000 No effect No effect 8 L/40 L n1 = 230,000 n2 = 270,000
Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 7- Percid -Liquid PAA Av =
50,000 No effect No effect 8 L/40 L + wetting agent n1 = 80,000 n2
= 20,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 8- Percid -Liquid
PAA + Av = 5,000 No effect No effect wetting agent + alcohol (94%)
n1 = 5,000 4 L/20 L + 20 L ethanol + n2 = 5,000 wetting agent
Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 9- Powdered PAA + Av =
70,000 No effect No effect alcohol (94%) n1 = 85,000 2 kg/20 L + 20
L ethanol n2 = 55,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 10-
Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 60,000 No effect No effect alcohol n1 =
80,000 4 L/20 L + 20 L ethanol n2 = 40,000 (94%) Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected
[0236] Conclusion: [0237] The polyglycoside wetting agent (i.e.
surfactant) was not bactericidal and can act as a food source for
the bacteria [0238] Alcohol (50% concentration) applied at ratio of
40 L per 1 ton peas was not a strong bactericidal agent. [0239]
Peracetic acid either preformed via liquid formulations or in-situ
generated via powdered formulations, showed to be a strong
bactericidal agent and reduced the level of bacteria, yeast and
mold significantly. [0240] Wetting agent (i.e. surfactant) combined
to peracetic acid formulations increased the efficiency of the
oxidizer and showed to be synergistic with peracetic acid. [0241]
Alcohol (ethanol) combined to peracetic acid formulations increased
the efficiency of the oxidizer and showed to be synergistic with
peracetic acid. [0242] Both alcohol and wetting agent (i.e.
surfactant) increase the coverage of peracetic acid and help this
limited amount of solution (40 L per 1 ton seed) to cover better
the seeds and penetrate the seeds and target microorganisms. They
showed a synergistic effect that is higher that the one of the
peracetic acid with a wetting agent or the peracetic acid with an
alcohol.
IV--Results on Whole Split Pea
TABLE-US-00004 [0243] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 800,000 No
effect No effect n1 = 750,000 n2 = 850,000 Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 =
1000/n2 = 1000 1- Wetting agent APG 325 Av = 900,000 No effect No
effect 0.5% n1 = 930,000 n2 = 870,000 Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 =
1000/n2 = 1000 2- Alcohol - ethanol Av = 700,000 No effect No
effect 50% n1 = 700,000 n2 = 700,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2
not detected 3- Powdered PAA Alone Av = 400,000 No effect No effect
4 kg/40 L n1 = 430,000 n2 = 370,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not
detected 4- Neo Pure Av = 350,000 No effect No effect 4 kg/40 L n1
= 450,000 n2 = 250,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 5-
Neo Pure + alcohol Av = 100,000 No effect No effect 2 kg/20 L + 20
L ethanol (94%) n1 = 80,000 n2 = 120,000 Y&M not detected n1,
n2 not detected 6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Av = 300,000 No effect
No effect 8 L/40 L n1 = 400,000 n2 = 200,000 Y&M not detected
n1, n2 not detected 7- Percid -Liquid PAA Av = 200,000 No effect No
effect 8 L/40 L + wetting agent n1 = 200,000 n2 = 200,000 Y&M
not detected n1, n2 not detected 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av =
50,000 No effect No effect wetting agent + alcohol (94%) n1 =
80,000 4 L/20 L + 20 L ethanol + n2 = 30,000 wetting agent Y&M
not detected n1, n2 not detected 9- Powdered PAA + Av = 150,000 No
effect No effect alcohol (94%) n1 = 200,000 2 kg/20 L + 20 L
ethanol n2 = 100,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 10-
Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 150,000 No effect No effect alcohol 4
L/20 L + n1 = 130,000 20 L ethanol (94%) n2 = 170,000 Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected
[0244] Conclusion: [0245] The polyglycoside wetting agent (i.e.
surfactant) was not bactericidal and can act as a food source for
the bacteria [0246] Alcohol (50% concentration) applied at ratio of
40 L per 1 ton peas was not a strong bactericidal agent on split
pea. [0247] Peracetic acid either preformed via liquid formulations
or in-situ generated via powdered formulations, was a strong
bactericidal agent and reduce the level of bacteria, yeast and mold
significantly. [0248] Wetting agent (i.e. surfactant) combined to
peracetic acid formulations increased the efficiency of the
oxidizer and showed to be synergistic with peracetic acid. [0249]
Alcohol (ethanol) combined to peracetic acid formulations increased
the efficiency of the oxidizer and thus showed to be synergistic
with peracetic acid. [0250] Both alcohol and wetting agent (i.e.
surfactant) increased the coverage of peracetic acid and helped
this limited amount of solution (40L per 1 ton seed) to cover
better the seeds and penetrate the seeds and target microorganisms.
They showed a synergistic effect that is higher that the one of the
peracetic acid with a wetting agent or the peracetic acid with an
alcohol.
V--Results on Pea Fiber
TABLE-US-00005 [0251] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 900,000 No
effect No effect n1 = 700,000 n2 = 1.1 million Av = 1,000 Y&M
n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 1- Surfactant APG 325 Av = 900,000 No effect No
effect 0.5% n1 = 850,000 n2 = 950,000 Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 =
1000/n2 = 1000 2- Alcohol - ethanol Av = 700,000 No effect No
effect 50% n1 = 500,000 n2 = 900,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2
not detected 3- Powdered PAA Alone Av = 500,000 No effect No effect
4 kg/40 L n1 = 700,000 n2 = 300,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not
detected 4- Neo Pure Av = 500,000 No effect No effect 4 kg/40 L n1
= 450,000 n2 = 550,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 5-
Neo Pure + alcohol Av = 250,000 No effect No effect 2 kg/20 L + 20
L ethanol (94%) n1 = 200,000 n2 = 300,000 Y&M not detected n1,
n2 not detected 6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Av = 600,000 No effect
No effect 8 L/40 L n1 = 600,000 n2 = 600,000 Y&M not detected
n1, n2 not detected 7- Percid -Liquid PAA Av = 400,000 No effect No
effect 8 L/40 L + surfactant n1 = 500,000 n2 = 300,000 Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 300,000
No effect No effect surfactant + alcohol (94%) n1 = 330,000 4 L/20
L + 20 L ethanol + n2 = 270,000 surfactant Y&M not detected n1,
n2 not detected 9- Powdered PAA + Av = 300,000 No effect No effect
alcohol (94%) n1 = 400,000 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol n2 = 200,000
Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 10- Percid -Liquid PAA +
Av = 450,000 No effect No effect alcohol 4 L/20 L + n1 = 600,000 20
L ethanol (94%) n2 = 300,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not
detected
[0252] Conclusion: [0253] The solution affected the fiber pea size
due to humidity. However, drying can restore the size of fiber pea
as the untreated. [0254] The polyglycoside wetting agent (i.e.
surfactant) was not bactericidal and can act as a food source for
the bacteria [0255] Alcohol (50% concentration) applied at ratio of
40 L per 1 ton peas was not a strong bactericidal agent on pea
fiber at used concentration (i.e. 40 L of alcohol 50% active per 1
ton). [0256] Peracetic acid either preformed via liquid
formulations or in-situ generated via powdered formulations, was a
strong bactericidal agent and reduced the level of bacteria, yeast
and mold significantly. [0257] Wetting agent (i.e. surfactant)
combined to peracetic acid formulation increased the efficiency of
the oxidizer and thus showed to be synergistic with peracetic acid.
[0258] Alcohol (ethanol) combined to peracetic acid formulations
increases the efficiency of the oxidizer and thus showed to be
synergistic with peracetic acid. [0259] Both alcohol and wetting
agent (i.e. surfactant) increased the coverage of peracetic acid
and helped this limited amount of solution (40 L per 1 ton seed) to
cover better the seeds and penetrate the seeds and target
microorganisms. They showed a synergistic effect that is higher
that the one of the peracetic acid with a wetting agent or the
peracetic acid with an alcohol.
VI--Results on Vanilla
TABLE-US-00006 [0260] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 2 millions
No effect No effect n1 = 1.5 millions n2 = 2.5 millions Av = 1,000
Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 1- Wetting agent APG 325 Av = 2
millions No effect No effect 0.5% n1 = 1.3 millions n2 = 2.7
millions Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 2- Alcohol -
ethanol Av = 1 million No effect No effect 50% n1 = 1 million n2 =
1 million Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 3- Powdered PAA
Alone Av = 900,000 No effect No effect 4 kg/40 L n1 = 600,000 n2 =
1.2 millions Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 4- Neo Pure
Av = 500,000 No effect No effect 4 kg/40 L n1 = 600,000 n2 =
400,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 5- Neo Pure +
alcohol Av = 200,000 No effect No effect 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol
(94%) n1 = 150,000 n2 = 250,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not
detected 6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Av = 500,000 No effect No
effect 8 L/40 L n1 = 600,000 n2 = 400,000 Y&M not detected n1,
n2 not detected 7- Percid -Liquid PAA Av = 300,000 No effect No
effect 8 L/40 L + wetting agent n1 = 320,000 n2 = 280,000 Y&M
not detected n1, n2 not detected 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av =
300,000 No effect No effect wetting agent + alcohol (94%) n1 =
310,000 4 L/20 L + 20 L ethanol + n2 = 290,000 wetting agent
Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 9- Powdered PAA + Av =
300,000 No effect No effect alcohol (94%) n1 = 300,000 2 kg/20 L +
20 L ethanol n2 = 300,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected
10- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 300,000 No effect No effect alcohol 4
L/20 L + n1 = 330,000 20 L ethanol (94%) n2 = 270,000 Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected
[0261] Conclusion: [0262] The solutions were sprayed on vanilla as
received in rod shaped to reduced the level of total aerobic count.
[0263] The polyglycoside wetting agent (i.e. surfactant) was not
bactericidal and can act as a food source for the bacteria [0264]
Alcohol (50% concentration) applied at ratio of 40 L per 1 ton
vanilla was not a strong bactericidal agent on vanilla. [0265]
Peracetic acid either preformed via liquid formulations or in-situ
generated via powdered formulations, was a strong bactericidal
agent and reduced the level of bacteria, yeast and mold
significantly. [0266] Wetting agent (i.e. surfactant) combined to
peracetic acid formulations increased the efficiency of the
oxidizer and thus showed to be synergistic with peracetic acid.
[0267] Alcohol (ethanol) combined to peracetic acid formulations
increased the efficiency of the oxidizer and thus showed to be
synergistic with peracetic acid. [0268] Both alcohol and wetting
agent (i.e. surfactant) increased the coverage of peracetic acid
and helped this limited amount of solution (40 L per 1 ton seed) to
cover better the seeds and penetrate the seeds and target
microorganisms. They showed a synergistic effect that is higher
that the one of the peracetic acid with a wetting agent or the
peracetic acid with an alcohol.
VII--Results on Chia Seeds
TABLE-US-00007 [0269] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 1 million
Mucilage No effect n1 = 1.1 million observed n2 = 900,000 Av =
10,000 Y&M n1 = 10,000/n2 = 10,000 1- Wetting agent APG 325 Not
tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 0.5% mucilage observed observed 2-
Alcohol - ethanol Av = 510,000 No mucilage No mucilage 50% n1 =
520,000 n2 = 500,000 Av = 10,000 Y&M n1 = 10,000/n2 = 10,000 3-
Powdered PAA Alone Not tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 4 kg/40 L
mucilage observed observed 4- Neo Pure Not tested due to Mucilage
Mucilage 4 kg/40 L mucilage observed observed 5- Neo Pure + alcohol
Av = 300,000 No mucilage No effect. 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol (94%)
n1 = 330,000 n2 = 270,000 Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1,000/n2 = 1,000
6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Not tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 8
L/40 L mucilage observed observed 7- Percid -Liquid PAA Not tested
due to Mucilage Mucilage 8 L/40 L + wetting agent mucilage observed
observed 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 300,000 No mucilage No
effect. wetting agent + alcohol (94%) n1 = 350,000 4 L/20 L + 20 L
ethanol + n2 = 250,000 surfactant Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1,000/n2
= 1,000 9- Powdered PAA + Av = 400,000 No mucilage No effect.
alcohol (94%) n1 = 420,000 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol n2 = 380,000 Av
= 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1,000/n2 = 1,000 10- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av =
200,000 No mucilage No effect. alcohol 4 L/20 L + n1 = 150,000 20 L
ethanol (94%) n2 = 250,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not
detected
[0270] Conclusion: [0271] The presence of alcohol prevents the
release of mucilage. [0272] The PAA in 50% Alcohol seems
efficacious in reducing bacteria and yeast.
VIII--Results on Flax Seeds
TABLE-US-00008 [0273] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 5 millions
Mucilage No effect n1 = 6.5 millions observed n2 = 3.5 millions Av
= 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1,000/n2 = 1,000 1- Wetting agent APG 325 Not
tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 0.5% mucilage observed observed 2-
Alcohol - ethanol Av = 2 millions No mucilage No mucilage 50% n1 =
1.8 millions n2 = 2.2 millions Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1,000/n2 =
1,000 3- Powdered PAA Alone Not tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 4
kg/40 L mucilage observed observed 4- Neo Pure Not tested due to
Mucilage Mucilage 4 kg/40 L mucilage observed observed 5- Neo Pure
+ alcohol Av = 1 million No mucilage No effect. 2 kg/20 L + 20 L
ethanol (94%) n1 = 1 million n2 = 1 million Y&M not detected
n1, n2 not detected 6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Not tested due to
Mucilage Mucilage 8 L/40 L mucilage observed observed 7- Percid
-Liquid PAA Not tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 8 L/40 L + wetting
agentt mucilage observed observed 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av =
700,000 No mucilage No effect. wetting agent + alcohol (94%) n1 =
850,000 4 L/20 L + 20 L ethanol + n2 = 550,000 surfactant Y&M
not detected n1, n2 not detected 9- Powdered PAA + alcohol (94%) Av
= 900,000 No mucilage No effect. 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol n1 =
915,000 n2 = 885,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 10-
Percid -Liquid PAA + alcohol Av = 800,000 No mucilage No effect. 4
L/20 L + 20 L ethanol (94%) n1 = 800,000 n2 = 800,000 Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected
[0274] Conclusion: [0275] The presence of alcohol showed to prevent
the release of mucilage. [0276] Macroscopically, mucilage was not
observed with seeds treated with alcohol. [0277] The PAA in 50%
Alcohol showed to be efficacious in reducing bacteria and
yeast.
IX--Results on Sprouted Flax and Chia
TABLE-US-00009 [0278] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 2 millions
Mucilage No effect n1 = 2.5 millions observed, n2 = 1.5 millions
very wet Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1,000/n2 = 1,000 1- Wetting agent
APG 325 Not tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 0.5% mucilage observed
observed 2- Alcohol - ethanol Av = 600,000 No mucilage No mucilage
50% n1 = 550,000 n2 = 650,000 Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1,000/n2 =
1,000 3- Powdered PAA Alone Not tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 4
kg/40 L mucilage observed observed 4- Neo Pure Not tested due to
Mucilage Mucilage 4 kg/40 L mucilage observed observed 5- Neo Pure
+ alcohol Av = 200,000 No mucilage No effect. 2 kg/20 L + 20 L
ethanol (94%) n1 = 220,000 n2 = 180,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2
not detected 6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Not tested due to Mucilage
Mucilage 8 L/40 L mucilage observed observed 7- Percid -Liquid PAA
Not tested due to Mucilage Mucilage 8 L/40 L + wetting agent
mucilage observed observed 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 500,000 No
mucilage No effect. wetting agent + alcohol (94%) n1 = 525,000 4
L/20 L + 20 L ethanol + n2 = 475,000 wetting agent Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected 9- Powdered PAA + alcohol (94%) Av =
600,000 No mucilage No effect. 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol n1 =
600,000 n2 = 600,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 10-
Percid -Liquid PAA + alcohol Av = 600,000 No mucilage No effect. 4
L/20 L + 20 L ethanol (94%) n1 = 500,000 n2 = 700,000 Y&M not
detected n1, n2 not detected
[0279] Conclusion: [0280] Humidity including alcohol solution may
affect the sprouted flax and chia. It should be dried well. [0281]
The presence of alcohol showed to prevent the release of mucilage
[0282] Alcohol showed to act as a bactericidal agent but not very
strong. [0283] The PAA in 50% Alcohol showed to be efficacious in
reducing bacteria and yeast. [0284] Macroscopically, mucilage was
not observed with seeds treated with alcohol.
X--Results on Hemp
TABLE-US-00010 [0285] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 2 millions
No effect No effect n1 = 1.7 millions n2 = 2.3 millions Av = 1,000
Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 1- Wetting agent APG 325 Av = 2
millions No effect No effect 0.5% n1 = 1.5 millions n2 = 2.5
millions Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 2- Alcohol -
ethanol Av = 1 million No effect No effect 50% n1 = 800,000 n2 =
1.2 millions Av = 1,000 Y&M n1 = 1000/n2 = 1000 3- Powdered PAA
Alone Av = 500,000 No effect No effect 4 kg/40 L n1 = 600,000 n2 =
400,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 4- Neo Pure Av =
300,000 No effect No effect 4 kg/40 L n1 = 300,000 n2 = 300,000
Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 5- Neo Pure + alcohol Av =
100,000 No effect No effect 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol (94%) n1 =
120,000 n2 = 80,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected 6-
Percid -Liquid PAA alone Av = 310,000 No effect No effect 8 L/40 L
n1 = 300,000 n2 = 320,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected
7- Percid -Liquid PAA Av = 300,000 No effect No effect 8 L/40 L +
wetting agent n1 = 320,000 n2 = 280,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2
not detected 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 200,000 No effect No
effect wetting agent + alcohol (94%) n1 = 100,000 4 L/20 L + 20 L
ethanol + n2 = 300,000 surfactant Y&M not detected n1, n2 not
detected 9- Powdered PAA + alcohol (94%) Av = 200,000 No effect No
effect 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol n1 = 200,000 n2 = 200,000 Y&M
not detected n1, n2 not detected 10- Percid -Liquid PAA + alcohol
Av = 300,000 No effect No effect 4 L/20 L + 20 L ethanol (94%) n1 =
330,000 n2 = 270,000 Y&M not detected n1, n2 not detected
[0286] Conclusion: [0287] The above-mentioned solutions were
sprayed on hemp seeds to achieve a reduction of the level of total
aerobic count. [0288] The polyglycoside wetting agent (i.e.
surfactant) was not bactericidal. [0289] Alcohol (50%
concentration) applied at ratio of 40 L per 1 ton hemp seed was not
a strong bactericidal agent on hemp. [0290] Peracetic acid either
preformed via liquid formulations or in-situ generated via powdered
formulations, was a strong bactericidal agent and reduced the level
of bacteria, yeast and mold significantly. [0291] Wetting agent
(i.e. surfactant) combined to peracetic acid formulations increased
the efficiency of the oxidizer and thus showed to be synergistic
with peracetic acid. [0292] Alcohol (ethanol) combined to peracetic
acid formulations increased the efficiency of the oxidizer and thus
showed to be synergistic with peracetic acid. [0293] Both alcohol
and surfactant increase the coverage of peracetic acid and help
this limited amount of solution (40 L per 1 ton seed) to cover
better the seeds and penetrate the seeds and target microorganisms.
They showed a synergistic effect that is higher that the one of the
peracetic acid with a wetting agent or the peracetic acid with an
alcohol.
XI--Results on Black Pepper
TABLE-US-00011 [0294] Total count Aerobic Physical Treatments CFU/g
bacteria Characteristics Organoleptic 0- Untreated Av = 1.5
millions No effect No effect Av = 3,000 Y&M 1- Surfactant APG
325 Av = 1.7 millions No effect No effect 0.5% Av = 3,000 Y&M
2- Alcohol - ethanol Av = 1 million No effect No effect 50% Av =
1,000 Y&M 3- Powdered PAA Alone Av = 500,000 No effect No
effect 4 kg/40 L Av = 100 Y&M 4- Neo Pure Av = 480,000 No
effect No effect 4 kg/40 L Av = 100 Y&M 5- Neo Pure + alcohol
Av = 370,000 No effect No effect 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol (94%) Av
= 100 Y&M 6- Percid -Liquid PAA alone Av = 460,000 No effect No
effect 8 L/40 L Y&M not detected 7- Percid -Liquid PAA Av =
400,000 No effect No effect 8 L/40 L + surfactant Y&M not
detected 8- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 380,000 No effect No effect
surfactant + alcohol (94%) Y&M not detected 4 L/20 L + 20 L
ethanol + surfactant 9- Powdered PAA + Av = 400,000 No effect No
effect alcohol (94%) Y&M not detected 2 kg/20 L + 20 L ethanol
10- Percid -Liquid PAA + Av = 380,000 No effect No effect alcohol 4
L/20 L + Y&M not detected 20 L ethanol (94%)
[0295] Conclusion: [0296] The disinfecting solutions sprayed on
black pepper seeds, can reduce the level of total aerobic count.
[0297] The polyglycoside surfactant is not bactericidal. [0298]
Alcohol (50% concentration) applied at ratio of 40 L per 1 ton
Black pepper seed is not a strong bactericidal agent on hemp.
[0299] Peracetic acid either preformed via liquid formulations or
in-situ generated via powdered formulations, is a strong
bactericidal agent and reduce the level of bacteria, yeast and mold
significantly. [0300] Alcohol (ethanol) combined to peracetic acid
formulations increases the efficiency of the oxidizer and thus is
synergistic with peracetic acid. [0301] Both alcohol and surfactant
increase the coverage of peracetic acid and help this limited
amount of solution (40 L per 1 ton seed) to cover better the seeds
and penetrate the seeds and target microorganisms.
EXAMPLE 2
A Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Powdered Formula (Powdered PAA
with a Wetting Agent) in the Surface Disinfection of Hemp Seeds in
a Grain Conditioning Facility
Protocol:
[0302] Several tons of hemp seeds were cleaned mechanically using
regular grain conditioning equipment. The total bacterial count was
determined to be about 18 million CFU/g (before mechanical cleaning
and separation). After mechanical cleaning, the total bacterial
count was found to be about 2 million CFU/g. This microbial load
does not comply with the market standard which is 1 million
CFU/g.
Treatment with Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Without an
Alcohol and/or a Wetting Agent:
[0303] Hemp seeds (with a microbial load of about 2 million CFU/g)
were sanitized with a powdered product based on sodium
percarbonate, TAED and citric acid that generates peracetic acid
and hydrogen peroxide in situ. An equivalent of 4 Kg of this
formula were dissolved in potable water and mixed thoroughly for 10
minutes and then applied to 1 ton of hemp seeds and allowed to
remain in contact with them for 30 minutes. The seeds were
thoroughly dried after the treatment. The results did not show a
significant reduction in microbial load as compared to untreated
seeds (2 million CFU/g). These results were not satisfactory. In
addition, coliforms, E. coli, yeast and mould were detected. The
powdered formulation that generates PAA in-situ was based on 70%
w/w sodium percarbonate, mixed with 20% w/w TAED and mixed with 10%
citric acid.
Treatment with Formula (Peracetic acid Generated In-Situ with a
Wetting Agent):
[0304] 1 ton of cleaned hemp seeds (2 million CFU per gram) were
sanitized with a 0.4% concentration (4 kg of formula 18/18). Said
formula 18/18 is powdered formulation is based on 40% sodium
percarbonate, mixed with 20% TAED; mixed with 18% potassium
silicate; mixed with 18% EDTA acid; and finally mixed with 4%
Bioterge AS 90 surfactant. The 4 Kg were diluted in 40 L water and
were mixed thoroughly for 10 minutes and then applied to treat 1
ton of hemp seed for 30 minutes, then the treated seeds were dried
very well as per the grain conditioner process. The results showed
a reduction in total bacterial count to 54,000 CFU per gram. These
results were satisfactory and complied with the market standards.
Coliforms, E. coli, yeast and mould were not detected.
Conclusions:
[0305] Based on the results shown above, there was noted a synergy
between oxidizers (i.e. peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide) and
wetting agent (i.e. surfactant) in reducing the populations of
human pathogens on edible seeds.
EXAMPLE 3
Determination of Contact-Time Efficacy of Powdered PAA Combined
with Alcohol and a Wetting Agent
[0306] Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the
effective contact-time of the sanitizing solutions (PAA with an
alcohol and a wetting agent) sprayed on hemp seeds in controlling
pathogens.
[0307] Protocol: 1 kg of hemp seeds per mix was treated with 50 ml
of solution by applying small amounts at a time using a hand
sprayer and mixing thoroughly in between. Batches were stored in
3.3 L containers at room temperature with lids on to avoid loss of
moisture due to evaporation.
[0308] Solutions Used: [0309] Neo-Pure (5%), (50 g Neo Pure
dissolved in 1 L water and mixed for 15 minutes) [0310] Neo-Pure /
Ethanol (5% Neo Pure dissolved in 50% water/50% alcohol), [0311]
Mock (H.sub.2O) Samples were taken at the indicated time points and
plated immediately with the exception of the +1 hr time point in
the experiment of 8/25 (This sample was taken at +1 hr but stored
at 4.degree. C. o/n and plated the next morning).
Results
TABLE-US-00012 [0312] Batch treatment 2014 Aug. 25 Triplicates! +1
hr +21 hrs +48 hrs +72 hrs UTC 786,000 3,200,000 620,000 890,000
mock 701,000 793,000 400,000 765,000 Neo-Pure 1,000,000 195,000
272,000 101,000 Neo-Pure EtOH 182,000 23,000 22,000 73,000 UTC
means untreated and aforesaid data were reported on FIGS. 1 to
3.
TABLE-US-00013 Batch treatment 2014 Sep. 10 Pentuplicates starting
point +3 hr o/n +24 hrs +48 hrs UTC 12,700,000 Neo- 17,700,000
8,400,000 2,660,000 4,520,000 Pure Neo- 2,400,000 1,600,000
1,600,000 1,480,000 Pure EtOH UTC means untreated and aforesaid
data were reported on FIGS. 4 to 6.
[0313] Conclusions: [0314] Under lab conditions (room temperature:
20.degree. C. to 27.degree. C.) the efficacy of both Neo-Pure only
and Neo-Pure+EtOH increased significantly with longer incubation
times (.gtoreq.24 hours) [0315] This effect was much more prominent
at the beginning of the treatment with Neo-Pure only. However, it
was noted that no significant regrowth of bacteria was observed
within the first 48 hours post treatment if EtOH was present.
[0316] Once seeds were treated with PAA+alcohol and/or wetting
agent, the sanitizing solution continues to work for hours and
reduce the population of bacteria. However, after 48 hrs, seeds had
to be dried to reduce the moisture content below 10% in order to
prevent regrowth of microorganisms. A moisture content below 10% is
a usual standard of the industry to prevent a growth of
microorganisms.
[0317] It is understood that the examples and embodiments described
herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various
modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to
persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the
present invention and scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *