U.S. patent application number 15/181807 was filed with the patent office on 2016-10-06 for personal care compositions containing cationic synthetic copolymer and a detersive surfactant.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Mark Anthony BROWN, Marjorie Mossman PEFFLY, James Anthony STAUDIGEL.
Application Number | 20160287509 15/181807 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38256695 |
Filed Date | 2016-10-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160287509 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
PEFFLY; Marjorie Mossman ;
et al. |
October 6, 2016 |
Personal Care Compositions Containing Cationic Synthetic Copolymer
and a Detersive Surfactant
Abstract
A personal care composition comprising: a) a synthetic random
copolymer having a net positive charge comprising; i.) a nonionic
monomer unit of the following formula: ##STR00001## where R is H or
C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected
from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3,
CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and phenyl, or together are
C.sub.3-6cycloalkyl; and ii.) a cationic monomer unit with 2 or
more positive charges of the following formula: ##STR00002## where
k=1, each of v, v', and v'' is independently an integer of from 1
to 6, w is zero or an integer of from 1 to 10, and X.sup.- is an
anion. and; b) a detersive surfactant; and c) an aqueous
carrier.
Inventors: |
PEFFLY; Marjorie Mossman;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; BROWN; Mark Anthony; (Union,
KY) ; STAUDIGEL; James Anthony; (Loveland,
OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Procter & Gamble Company |
Cincinnati |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
38256695 |
Appl. No.: |
15/181807 |
Filed: |
June 14, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11650921 |
Jan 8, 2007 |
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15181807 |
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60757343 |
Jan 9, 2006 |
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60774533 |
Feb 17, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/892 20130101;
A61K 8/58 20130101; A61K 8/20 20130101; A61K 8/442 20130101; A61K
8/8158 20130101; A61K 2800/594 20130101; A61Q 5/12 20130101; A61Q
5/02 20130101; A61K 8/37 20130101; A61K 8/732 20130101; A61K
2800/596 20130101; A61K 8/891 20130101; A61K 8/25 20130101; A61K
8/737 20130101; A61K 2800/592 20130101; A61Q 19/007 20130101; A61K
2800/5426 20130101; A61K 8/463 20130101; A61Q 5/006 20130101; A61K
8/731 20130101; A61K 8/466 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/81 20060101
A61K008/81; A61K 8/892 20060101 A61K008/892; A61Q 5/00 20060101
A61Q005/00; A61Q 5/12 20060101 A61Q005/12; A61Q 19/00 20060101
A61Q019/00; A61K 8/891 20060101 A61K008/891; A61K 8/44 20060101
A61K008/44; A61K 8/20 20060101 A61K008/20; A61K 8/37 20060101
A61K008/37; A61K 8/58 20060101 A61K008/58; A61K 8/25 20060101
A61K008/25; A61K 8/73 20060101 A61K008/73; A61K 8/46 20060101
A61K008/46 |
Claims
1. A personal care composition comprising: a) a synthetic random
copolymer having a net positive charge comprising; i) a nonionic
monomer unit of the following formula: ##STR00014## where R is H or
C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected
from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3,
CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and phenyl, or together are
C.sub.3-6cycloalkyl; and ii) a cationic monomer unit with 2 or more
positive charges of the following formula: ##STR00015## where k=1,
each of v, v', and v'' is independently an integer of from 1 to 6,
w is zero or an integer of from 1 to 10, and X.sup.- is an anion;
and iii) wherein the synthetic random copolymer comprises from
about 0.5 to about 50%, by weight, of the cationic monomer; b) a
detersive surfactant wherein said detersive surfactant comprises at
least one anionic surfactant having an ethoxylate level and an
anion level; wherein said ethoxylate level is from about 1 to about
4.12, and wherein said anion level is from about 1 to about 4.17;
and c) an aqueous carrier.
2. A personal care composition according to claim 1 wherein R,
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 of said nonionic monomer unit are H and further
wherein v=3 and w=1 in said cationic monomer unit.
3. A personal care composition according to claim 1 wherein said
synthetic random copolymer is present in an amount from about 0.01%
to about 0.05%, by weight of said personal care composition.
5. A personal care composition according to claim 1, wherein said
detersive surfactant is selected from the group consisting of
sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, isethionates, carboxylates,
phosphates, phosphonates and mixtures thereof.
6. A personal care composition according to claim 1, wherein said
detersive surfactant is selected from the group consisting of
amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
7. A personal care composition according to claim 6 wherein said
amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group
consisting of cocoamidopropyl betaine, coco betaine,
cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate, lauroamphoacetate,
lauroamphodiacetate, lauramine oxide and mixtures thereof.
8. A personal care composition according to claim 1 wherein lather
volume is from about 50 ml to about 500 ml at the 40 second
measurement.
9. A personal care composition according to claim 1 wherein said
synthetic random copolymer has a linear charge density from at
least about 2 meq/A to about 500 meq/A.
10. A personal care composition according to claim 1 wherein said
synthetic random copolymer has a mass charge density from about 0.1
meq/gm to about 6.0 meq/gm.
11. A personal care composition according to claim 1 wherein said
synthetic random copolymer has a molecular weight from about 10,000
to about 2,000,000.
12. A personal care composition according to claim 1, further
comprising a cationic guar, cationic cellulose polymer, or a
cationic modified starch polymer.
13. A personal care composition according to claim 1, comprising at
least one conditioning agent selected from the group consisting of
silicone conditioning agents, hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, fatty
alcohols, fatty esters, and mixtures thereof.
14. A personal care composition according to claim 13, wherein said
silicone conditioning agent has a particle size of less than or
equal to about 50 .mu.m.
15. A personal care composition according to claim 14, wherein said
silicone conditioning agent is selected from the group consisting
of organo-modified silicones and fluoro-modified silicones.
16. A personal care composition according to claim 1, further
comprising one or more additional components selected from the
group consisting of anti-dandruff actives, particles, opacifying
agents, suspending agents, paraffinic hydrocarbons, propellants,
and a mono- or divalent salt.
17. A personal care composition comprising: a) from about 0.01% to
about 0.05%, by weight of said personal care composition, of a
synthetic random copolymer having a net positive charge comprising;
i) a nonionic monomer unit of the following formula: ##STR00016##
where R is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are
independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and
phenyl, or together are C.sub.3-6cycloalkyl; and ii) a cationic
monomer unit with 2 or more positive charges of the following
formula: ##STR00017## where k=1, each of v, v', and v'' is
independently an integer of from 1 to 6, w is zero or an integer of
from 1 to 10, and X.sup.- is an anion; and iii) wherein the
synthetic random copolymer comprises from about 0.5 to about 50%,
by weight, of the cationic monomer; b) a detersive surfactant
wherein said detersive surfactant comprises at least one anionic
surfactant having an ethoxylate level and an anion level; wherein
said ethoxylate level is from about 1 to about 10, and wherein said
anion level is from about 1 to about 10; and d) an aqueous
carrier.
18. The personal care composition of claim 17 wherein said anionic
surfactant has ethoxylate level of from about 1 to about 4.12, and
an anion level of from about 1 to about 4.17.
19. The personal care composition of claim 17 comprising at least
one conditioning agent selected from the group consisting of
silicone conditioning agents, hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, fatty
alcohols, fatty esters, and mixtures thereof; and wherein said
synthetic random copolymer has a molecular weight from about 10,000
to about 2,000,000.
20. A personal care composition comprising: a) from about 0.01% to
about 0.05%, by weight of said personal care composition, of a
synthetic random copolymer having a net positive charge, a
molecular weight of from about 400,000 to about 1,000,000 and a
mass charge density of from about 0.5 meq/gm to about 3.0 meq/gm,
said copolymer comprising: i) a nonionic monomer unit of the
following formula: ##STR00018## where R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H;
and ii) a cationic monomer unit with 3 positive charges of the
following formula: ##STR00019## where k=1, v and v'' are both 3,
v'=1, w=1, and X.sup.- is an anion; and iii) wherein the synthetic
random copolymer comprises from about 1 to about 30%, by weight, of
the cationic monomer; b) a detersive surfactant wherein said
detersive surfactant comprises at least one anionic surfactant; c)
at least one conditioning agent selected from the group consisting
of silicone conditioning agents, hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins,
fatty alcohols, fatty esters, and mixtures thereof; and d) an
aqueous carrier.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to personal care compositions
with improved lather and conditioning performance which comprise
select synthetic copolymers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Conditioning personal care compositions comprising various
combinations of detersive surfactant and hair conditioning agents
are known. These personal care compositions typically comprise an
anionic detersive surfactant in combination with a conditioning
agent such as silicone, hydrocarbon oil, fatty esters, or
combinations thereof. These personal care compositions have become
more popular among consumers as a means of conveniently obtaining
hair conditioning and hair cleansing performance all from a single
hair care product.
[0003] Many conditioning personal care compositions, however, do
not provide sufficient deposition of conditioning agents onto hair
or skin during the application process; if deposition is possible,
it is only possible in formulations with relatively low levels of
anionic surfactant. Without such deposition, large proportions of
conditioning agent are rinsed away during the application process
and therefore provide little or no conditioning benefit. Without
sufficient deposition of the conditioning agent on the hair or
skin, relatively high levels of conditioning agents may be needed
in the personal care composition to provide adequate hair or skin
conditioning performance. Such high levels of a conditioning agent,
however, can increase raw material costs, reduce lathering, and
present product stability concerns. Additionally, limitations on
total anionic surfactant in order to form coacervate can limit the
lather potential for a formula, or result in the need for higher
levels of more expensive amphoteric surfactants to achieve good
lather.
[0004] One known method for improving deposition of a hair
conditioning agent onto hair involves the use of certain cationic
deposition polymers. These polymers may be synthetic, but are most
commonly natural cellulosic or guar polymers that have been
modified with cationic substituents.
[0005] The formation of coacervate upon dilution of the personal
care composition with water is important to improving deposition of
various conditioning actives, especially those that have small
droplet sizes (i.e., <2 microns). Dilution generally occurs
during the usage of the personal care composition, for example,
when a person applies a personal care composition to wet hair, the
product is automatically diluted with water. In order to form
coacervate, a personal care composition containing typical cationic
polymers, such as natural cellulosic or guar polymers that have
been modified with cationic substituents, tend to be significantly
limited in total anion concentrations in order to achieve adequate
levels of coacervate upon dilution. For example, limiting the total
level of sulfate in a sulfated anionic surfactant will encourage
coacervate formation but will limit the volume of lather that can
be achieved with a particular personal care cleansing composition.
Thus, for low cost, high lathering, coacervate forming
compositions, it is desirable to use a cationic polymer that can
form coacervate with higher levels of anionic surfactants.
[0006] A need still exists for improved conditioning and lather
performance in personal care compositions.
[0007] It has now been found that select synthetic cationic
polymers provide improved conditioning performance, especially wet
hair conditioning, and improved deposition of dispersed hair
conditioning agents onto hair or skin. These select polymers are
especially effective at improving deposition of dispersed hair
conditioning agents onto hair and skin, through coacervate
formation upon dilution. In one embodiment, coacervate formation is
optimized when formulated in combination with certain levels of
anionic detersive surfactant in a personal care composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention meets the aforementioned need by
providing a personal care composition comprising: [0009] a) a
synthetic random copolymer having a net positive charge comprising,
based on the total number of monomeric units of the copolymer;
[0010] i.) a nonionic monomer unit of the following formula:
[0010] ##STR00003## [0011] where R is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R
and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of
H, C.sub.1 alkyl, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3,
CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and phenyl, or together are
C.sub.3-6cycloalkyl; and [0012] ii.) a cationic monomer unit with 2
or more positive charges of the following formula:
[0012] ##STR00004## [0013] where k=1, each of v, v', and v'' is
independently an integer of from 1 to 6, w is zero or an integer of
from 1 to 10, and X.sup.- is an anion. [0014] and; [0015] b) a
detersive surfactant; and [0016] c) an aqueous carrier.
[0017] One embodiment comprises an anionic surfactant system having
an optimized ethoxylate level and anion level.
[0018] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the
present invention will become evident to those skilled in the art
from a reading of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] While the specification concludes with claims that
particularly point out and distinctly claim the invention, it is
believed the present invention will be better understood from the
following description.
[0020] The personal care compositions of the present invention
comprise a synthetic random copolymer, a detersive surfactant, and
an aqueous carrier. Each of these essential components, as well as
preferred or optional components, is described in detail
hereinafter.
[0021] All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total
weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless
otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not
include solvents or by-products that may be included in
commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified. The
term "weight percent" may be denoted as "wt. %" herein.
[0022] All molecular weights as used herein are weight average
molecular weights expressed as grams/mole, unless otherwise
specified.
[0023] The term "charge density" as used herein, means the ratio of
the number of positive charges on a monomeric unit of which a
polymer is comprised to the molecular weight of said monomeric
unit. The charge density multiplied by the polymer molecular weight
determines the number of positively charged sites on a given
polymer chain.
[0024] The term "coacervate" as used herein, means the complex
which forms between surfactant and polymer that may either be
soluble or insoluble in the neat personal care composition, and
which may become less soluble upon dilution and thus yielding an
increase in its level of phase separation or precipitate in
solution.
[0025] The term "comprising" means that unrecited steps, elements
or other ingredients are not necessarily excluded. This term
encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting essentially
of." The compositions and methods/processes can comprise, consist
of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and
limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of
the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or
limitations described herein.
[0026] The term "floc" as used herein, means localized clusters of
agglomerated, insoluble coacervate. Any floc size disclosed herein
is obtained using the HORIBA LA-910 Laser Diffraction Particle Size
Analyzer and is reported as a volume average floc diameter.
[0027] The term "isotropic" as used herein, means a particular
phase structure of coacervate wherein the structure is "identical
along any three orthogonal directions in space, and is therefore
dark or `nonbirefringent` when viewed between crossed polarized
light. (One direction is `orthogonal` to another if the vector
component of the first, in the direction of the second, is zero.)
(Laughlin, R. G. (1994). "The Aqueous Phase Behavior of
Surfactants," 182, 8.2).
[0028] The term "linear charge density" as used herein, means the
ratio of the number of positive charges on a monomeric unit of
which the polymer is comprised to the length in Angstroms of said
monomeric unit. The length of the monomeric unit is calculated by
multiplying the ratio of the nonionic monomer by the length, in
Angstroms, of the nonionic monomer plus the ratio of cationic
monomer multiplied by the length, in Angstroms, of the cationic
monomer.
[0029] The term "mass charge density" as used herein, means the
ratio of the number of positive charges on a monomeric unit of
which a polymer is comprised to the molecular weight of said
monomeric unit. A molecular weight of the monomeric unit is
calculated by multiplying the ratio of the nonionic monomer by the
molecular weight of the nonionic monomer plus the product of the
ratio of cationic monomer multiplied by the molecular weight of the
cationic monomer.
[0030] The term "neat" as used herein, means the unadulterated form
of the personal care composition (i.e., the altering of the present
composition through dilution with water).
[0031] The term "polymer" as used herein shall comprise materials
whether made by polymerization of one type of monomer or made by
two (i.e., copolymers) or more (i.e., terpolymers) types of
monomers.
[0032] The term "water insoluble" as used herein, means that the
polymer is not soluble in water in the personal care composition.
Thus, the polymer is not miscible with water. In general,
solubility is determined at about 25.degree. C.
[0033] The term "water soluble" as used herein, means that the
polymer is soluble in water in the personal care composition. In
general, the polymer should be soluble at about 25.degree. C. at a
concentration of at least about 0.1% by weight of the water
solvent, preferably at least about 1%, more preferably at least
about 5%, most preferably at least about 15%.
[0034] One embodiment is directed to the surprising discovery that
compositions combining certain specific levels and ratios of
surfactant as described by the overall anion and ethoxylate values
maximize the conditioning benefit via maximization of coacervate
formation. Moreover, while the optimum surfactant blend is
different for each polymer, it has been discovered that the optimum
surfactant composition can be described by two parameters. These
parameters include anion and ethoxylate values that, when expressed
as a function of the polymer's charge density and molecular weight,
maximize the formation of coacervate.
[0035] Coacervates, without being limited to a particular theory,
provide improved hair and skin conditioning without any additional
conditioning actives. Further, when dispersed conditioning agent
droplets are added to the matrix, the coacervate provides an
improved mechanism for conditioning agent deposition, yielding
conditioning agent deposition that results in even more of a
conditioning benefit.
Synthetic Copolymer
[0036] The personal care compositions comprise synthetic copolymers
that, in combination with the detersive surfactant component, an
aqueous carrier and other optional components herein, form
coacervate upon dilution. The polymers are formulated in a personal
care composition that provides improved conditioning performance
when formulated, even without additional conditioning actives, and
also provides improved deposition of the conditioning agent onto
the hair or skin. The monomer units of the synthetic copolymer may
be arranged to form random copolymers and grafted copolymers.
Random copolymers are preferred.
[0037] The concentration of the synthetic copolymer in the shampoo
composition ranges about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about
0.05% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.075% to about 1%,
by weight of the composition.
[0038] Another embodiment comprises personal care compositions
comprising a synthetic copolymer of sufficiently high molecular
weight to effectively enhance the deposition of the conditioning
active components of the personal care composition described
herein. The average molecular weight of the synthetic copolymers is
generally between about 10,000 and about 10 million, preferably
between about 100,000 and about 3 million, still more preferably
between about 200,000 and about 2 million.
[0039] In a further embodiment, the synthetic copolymers have mass
charge densities of from about 0.1 meq/gm to about 6.0 meq/gm and
more preferably from about 0.5 meq/gm to about 3.0 meq/gm, at the
pH of intended use of the personal care composition. The pH will
generally range from about pH 3 to about pH 9, and more preferably
between about pH 4 and about pH 8.
[0040] In yet another embodiment, the synthetic copolymers have
linear charge densities from at least about 2 meq/A to about 500
meq/A, and more preferably from about 20 meq/A to about 200 meq/A,
and most preferably from about 25 meq/A to about 100 meq/A.
[0041] Nonionic Monomer Unit
[0042] The synthetic copolymers comprise the nonionic monomer unit
represented by the following Formula I:
##STR00005##
where R is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are
independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and
phenyl, or together are C.sub.3-6cycloalkyl.
[0043] In one embodiment, nonionic monomer unit is acrylamide (AM),
i.e., where R, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 are all H as shown below:
##STR00006##
[0044] Another preferred nonionic monomer unit is methacrylamide
(MethAM), i.e., where R is C.sub.1 alkyl, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2
are each H respectively:
##STR00007##
[0045] However, the other acrylamide derivatives within the scope
of the formula set out above are also contemplated to be part of
the present invention where polyacrylamide and copolymers using
acrylamide monomers are useful.
[0046] The nonionic monomer portion of the synthetic copolymers is
present in an amount from about 50% to about 99.5% by weight of the
total copolymer. Preferably, this amount is from about 70% to about
99%, still more preferably from about 80% to about 99% by weight of
the synthetic copolymer.
[0047] Cationic Monomer Unit
[0048] The synthetic copolymers also comprise the cationic monomer
unit represented by Formula II:
##STR00008##
where k=1, each of v, v', and v'' is independently an integer of
from 1 to 6, w is zero or an integer of from 1 to 10, and X.sup.-
is an anion.
[0049] In one embodiment, a structure is present where k=1, v=3 and
w=0, z=1 and X.sup.- is Cl.sup.- according to Formula II, above, to
form the following structure:
##STR00009##
[0050] The above structure may be referred to as diquat.
[0051] Yet another embodiment is achieved by the structure formed
wherein v and v'' are each 3, v'=1, w=1, y=1 and X.sup.- is
Cl.sup.- according to Formula II, such as:
##STR00010##
[0052] The above structure may be referred to as triquat.
[0053] Suitable cationic monomers can be made by, for example, the
methods described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
2004/0010106 A1.
[0054] In one embodiment, the cationic monomer portion of the
synthetic copolymers is present in an amount from about 0.5% to
about 50% by weight of the total copolymer. Preferably, this amount
is from about 1% to about 30% and most preferably from about 1% to
about 20% by weight of the synthetic copolymer.
[0055] Method of Making the Triquat Monomer
[0056] Non limiting examples of polymerization techniques are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,017, European Patent No. EP
156,646 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0010106 A1.
[0057] In one embodiment, the triquat monomer is formed by
executing a three-step reaction in a jacketed reactor flask
equipped with mechanical stirrer, gas inlet, condenser, and
thermometer. The mechanical stirring and air purging is maintained
throughout the reactions. First, 340.52 g of dimethylaminopropyl
methacrylamide (DMAPMA), 238.75 g of methyl chloroacetate, 0.34 g
of 4-methoxyphenol (MEHQ) and 425 g of methanol are added to the
reactor and heated at about 65-70.degree. C. for approximately 5
hours to yield
(methacrylamidopropyl)(methoxy-carbonylmethyl)dimethylammonium
chloride (MMDMAC). Samples are taken every 2 hours and analyzed by
HPLC analysis and Cl titrated with AgNO.sub.3 to ensure 100%
conversion. Second, 0.365 g of MEHQ, and 224.5 g of
dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) is slowly added to MMDMAC solution
after it is cooled to room temperature (about 25.degree. C.). An
exothermic reaction is observed, and the mixture appears light
yellow in color. Heat is continued at about 65-70.degree. C. for
about 2 hours, then methanol is distilled out under vacuum. After
confirming that all ester is converted into amide by HPLC in the
second step, 637 g of 65%
(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (Quat-188) is
added. Third, the temperature is maintained at about 65-70.degree.
C. for about 2 hours. The reaction is continued in water for
another hour to yield the triquat monomer. The triquat so
synthesized is expected to contain a small amount of multiple quats
as an impurity due to the slight excess use of chloroacetate and
DMAPA. The multiple quats are not a concern for polymerization and
for the uses of the triquat. If a highly pure triquat or multiple
quats is required, the excess amount of chloroacetate and DMAPA can
be removed under vacuum.
Detersive Surfactant
[0058] The personal care compositions comprise a detersive
surfactant system. The detersive surfactant system is included to
provide cleaning performance to the composition. The detersive
surfactant system comprises at least one anionic surfactant, and
optionally an amphoteric surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, a
cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a combination
thereof. Such surfactants should be physically and chemically
compatible with the essential components described herein, or
should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics,
or performance.
[0059] Suitable anionic surfactant components for use in the
personal care composition herein include those that are known for
use in hair care or other personal care compositions. The
concentration of the anionic surfactant system in the personal care
composition should be sufficient to provide the desired cleaning
and lather performance, and generally ranges from about 5% to about
50%, preferably from about 8% to about 30%, more preferably from
about 10% to about 25%, by weight, of the composition.
[0060] In considering the performance characteristics of a personal
care composition, such as coacervate formation, wet conditioning
performance, dry conditioning performance, and conditioning agent
deposition on hair, it is desirable to optimize the levels and
types of surfactants in order to maximize the performance potential
of polymer systems. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant
system for use in the personal care compositions have an ethoxylate
level and an anion level, wherein the ethoxylate level is from
about 1 to about 10, and wherein the anion level is from about 1 to
about 10. The combination of such an anionic surfactant system with
the synthetic copolymer provides enhanced deposition of
conditioning agents to hair and/or skin without reducing cleansing
or lathering performance.
[0061] An optimal ethoxylate level is calculated based on the
stoichiometry of the surfactant structure, which in turn is based
on a particular molecular weight of the surfactant where the number
of moles of ethoxylation is known. Likewise, given a specific
molecular weight of a surfactant and an anionization reaction
completion measurement, the anion level can be calculated.
Analytical techniques have been developed to measure ethoxylation
or anionization within surfactant systems. The Level of Ethoxylate
and the Level of Anion representative of a particular surfactant
system are calculated from the percent ethoxylation and percent
anion of individual surfactants in the following manner [0062]
Level of Ethoxylate in a composition=percent ethoxylation
multiplied by percent active ethoxylated surfactant (based upon the
total weight of the composition). [0063] Level of Anion in a
composition=percent anion in ethoxylated surfactant multiplied by
percent active ethoxylated surfactant (based upon the total weight
of the composition) plus percent anion in non-ethoxylated
surfactant multiplied by percent active non-ethoxylated surfactant
(based upon the total weight of the composition).
[0064] If a composition comprises two or more surfactants having
different respective anions (e.g., surfactant A has a sulfate group
and surfactant B has a sulfonate group), the Level of Anion in the
composition is the sum of the molar levels of each respective anion
as calculated above.
[0065] Sample Calculation: [0066] Example I shows an ethoxylated
surfactant that contains 0.294321% ethoxylate and 0.188307% sulfate
as the anion and a non-ethoxylated surfactant that contains
0.266845% sulfate as an anion. [0067] Level of Ethoxylate in
Example 1=0.294321 multiplied by 6 (% active ethoxylated
surfactant). Thus, the Level of Ethoxylate in the composition of
Example I is approximately 1.77. [0068] Level of Anion in Example
I=0.188307 multiplied by 6 (% active ethoxylated surfactant) plus
0.266845 multiplied by 10 (% active non-ethoxylated surfactant).
Thus, the Level of Anion in the composition of Example I is
approximately 3.80.
[0069] In one embodiment, the detersive surfactant system comprises
at least one anionic surfactant comprising an anion selected from
the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates,
isethionates, carboxylates, phosphates, and phosphonates.
Preferably, the anion is a sulfate.
[0070] Preferred anionic surfactants suitable for use in the
personal care compositions are alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether
sulfates. These materials have the respective formulae ROSO.sub.3M
and RO(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.XSO.sub.3M, wherein R is alkyl or
alkenyl of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is an integer
having a value of from about 1 to about 10, and M is a cation such
as ammonium, an alkanolamine such as triethanolamine, a monovalent
metal cation such as sodium and potassium, or a polyvalent metal
cation such as magnesium and calcium. Solubility of the surfactant
will depend upon the particular anionic surfactants and cations
chosen.
[0071] Preferably, R has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms,
more preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, even more
preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, in both the
alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates. The alkyl ether sulfates
are typically made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and
monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
The alcohols can be synthetic or they can be derived from fats,
e.g., coconut oil, palm kernel oil, tallow. Lauryl alcohol and
straight chain alcohols derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil
are preferred. Such alcohols are reacted with from about 0 to about
10, preferably from about 2 to about 5, more preferably about 3,
molar proportions of ethylene oxide, and the resulting mixture of
molecular species having, for example, an average of 3 moles of
ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol is sulfated and neutralized.
[0072] Specific non-limiting examples of alkyl ether sulfates which
may be used in the personal care compositions comprise sodium and
ammonium salts of coconut alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate,
tallow alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, and tallow alkyl
hexa-oxyethylene sulfate. Highly preferred alkyl ether sulfates are
those comprising a mixture of individual compounds, wherein the
compounds in the mixture have an average alkyl chain length of from
about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and an average degree of
ethoxylation of from about 1 to about 4 moles of ethylene oxide.
Such a mixture also comprises from about 0% to about 20% by weight
C.sub.12-13 compounds; from about 60% to about 100% by weight of
C.sub.14-15-16 compounds; from about 0% to about 20% by weight of
C.sub.17-18-19 compounds; from about 3% to about 30% by weight of
compounds having a degree of ethoxylation of 0; from about 45% to
about 90% by weight of compounds having a degree of ethoxylation
from about 1 to about 4; from about 10% to about 25% by weight of
compounds having a degree of ethoxylation from about 4 to about 8;
and from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of compounds having a
degree of ethoxylation greater than about 8.
[0073] Examples of anionic surfactants for use in the personal care
compositions include ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth
sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth
sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth
sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth
sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth
sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl
sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate,
potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium
lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium
cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate,
sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl
sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl
sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl
sulfate, and combinations thereof.
[0074] In addition to the sulfates, isethionates, sulfonates,
sulfosuccinates described above, other potential anions for the
anionic surfactant include phosphonates, phosphates, and
carboxylates.
[0075] The personal care compositions may also comprise one or more
additional surfactants selected from the group consisting of
amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. Suitable amphoteric,
zwitterionic, cationic, or nonionic surfactants for use in the
personal care compositions herein include those which are known for
use in hair care or other personal care compositions. The
concentration of such surfactants preferably ranges from about 0.5%
to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of
the composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable surfactants are
described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,646 and 5,106,609, both to
Bolich, Jr. et al.
[0076] Additional Surfactants
[0077] Zwitterionic or Amphoteric Surfactant
[0078] Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants for use in
the personal care composition herein include those which are known
for use in hair care or other personal care compositions.
[0079] Amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the personal care
composition are well known in the art, and include those
surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary
and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight
or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents
contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an
anionic water solubilizing group such as carboxy, sulfonate,
sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Preferred amphoteric
surfactants for use in the personal care compositions comprise
cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate, lauroamphoacetate,
lauroamphodiacetate, lauramine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
[0080] Zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use in the personal
care composition are well known in the art, and include those
surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic
quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which
the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and
wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to
about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group such as
carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate.
Zwitterionics such as betaines (i.e., cocoamidopropyl betaine, coco
betaine), are preferred.
[0081] The personal care compositions may further comprise
additional surfactants for use in combination with the surfactant
component described hereinbefore. Other suitable anionic
surfactants are the water-soluble salts of organic, sulfuric acid
reaction products conforming to the formula [R.sup.1--SO.sub.3-M]
where R.sup.1 is a straight or branched chain, saturated, aliphatic
hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to about 24, preferably
from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; and M is a cation described
hereinbefore. Non limiting examples of such surfactants are the
salts of an organic sulfuric acid reaction product of a hydrocarbon
of the methane series, including iso-, neo-, and n-paraffins,
having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably about 12
to about 18 carbon atoms and a sulfonating agent, e.g., SO.sub.3,
H.sub.2SO.sub.4, obtained according to known sulfonation methods,
including bleaching and hydrolysis. Preferred are alkali metal and
ammonium sulfonated C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 n-paraffins.
[0082] Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the reaction
products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and
neutralized with sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty
acids are derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil; sodium or
potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl tauride in which the
fatty acids, for example, are derived from coconut oil or palm
kernel oil.
[0083] Other anionic surfactants suitable for use in the personal
care compositions are the succinates, examples of which include
disodium N-octadecylsulfosuccinate; disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate;
diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate; tetrasodium
N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfosuccinnate; diamyl ester of
sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic
acid; and dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid.
[0084] Other suitable anionic surfactants include olefin sulfonates
having about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms. In this context, the term
"olefin sulfonates" refers to compounds which can be produced by
the sulfonation of alpha-olefins by means of uncomplexed sulfur
trioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid reaction mixture
in conditions such that any sulfonates which have been formed in
the reaction are hydrolyzed to give the corresponding
hydroxy-alkanesulfonates. The sulfur trioxide can be liquid or
gaseous, and is usually, but not necessarily, diluted by inert
diluents, for example by liquid SO.sub.2, chlorinated hydrocarbons,
etc., when used in the liquid form, or by air, nitrogen, gaseous
SO.sub.2, etc., when used in the gaseous form. The alpha-olefins
from which the olefin sulfonates are derived are mono-olefins
having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from
about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms. Preferably, they are straight
chain olefins. In addition to the true alkene sulfonates and a
proportion of hydroxy-alkanesulfonates, the olefin sulfonates can
contain minor amounts of other materials, such as alkene
disulfonates depending upon the reaction conditions, proportion of
reactants, the nature of the starting olefins and impurities in the
olefin stock and side reactions during the sulfonation process. A
non limiting example of such an alpha-olefin sulfonate mixture is
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,880.
[0085] Another class of anionic surfactants suitable for use in the
personal care compositions are the beta-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates.
These surfactants conform to the Formula II:
##STR00011##
where R.sup.1 is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 6
to about 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group having
from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon atom, and
M is a water-soluble cation as described hereinbefore. Preferred
anionic surfactants for use in the personal care compositions
include sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene
sulfonate. Amides, including alkanol amides, are the condensation
products of fatty acids with primary and secondary amines or
alkanolamines to yield products of the general Formula III:
##STR00012##
wherein RCO is a fatty acid radical and R is C.sub.8-20; X is an
alkyl, aromatic or alkanol (CHR'CH.sub.2OH wherein R' is H or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl); Y is H, alkyl, alkanol or X. Suitable amides
include, but are not limited to cocamide, lauramide, oleamide and
stearamide. Suitable alkanolamides include, but are not limited to,
cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA, isostearamide DEA,
isostearamide MEA, isostearamide MIPA, lanolinamide DEA, lauramide
DEA, lauramide MEA, lauramide MIPA, linoleamide DEA, linoleamide
MEA, linoleamide MIPA, myristamide DEA, myristamide MEA,
myristamide MIPA, Oleamide DEA, Oleamide MEA, Oleamide MIPA,
palmamide DEA, palmamide MEA, palmamide MIPA, palmitamide DEA,
palmitamide MEA, palm kernelamide DEA, palm kernelamide MEA, palm
kernelamide MIPA, peanutamide MEA, peanutamide MIPA, soyamide DEA,
stearamide DEA, stearamide MEA, stearamide MIPA, tallamide DEA,
tallowamide DEA, tallowamide MEA, undecylenamide DEA,
undecylenamide MEA, PPG-2 Hydroxyethyl cocoamide, and
PPG-2-Hydroxyethyl Coco/Isostearamide. The condensation reaction
may be carried out with free fatty acids or with all types of
esters of the fatty acids, such as fats and oils, and particularly
methyl esters. The reaction conditions and the raw material sources
determine the blend of materials in the end product and the nature
of any impurities.
[0086] Suitable optional surfactants include nonionic surfactants.
Any such surfactant known in the art for use in hair or personal
care products may be used, provided that the optional additional
surfactant is also chemically and physically compatible with the
essential components of the personal care composition, or does not
otherwise unduly impair product performance, aesthetics or
stability. The concentration of the optional additional surfactants
in the personal care composition may vary with the cleansing or
lather performance desired, the optional surfactant selected, the
desired product concentration, the presence of other components in
the composition, and other factors well known in the art.
[0087] Non limiting examples of other surfactants suitable for use
in the personal care compositions are described in McCutcheon's,
Emulsifiers and Detergents, 1989 Annual, published by M. C.
Publishing Co., and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,678; 2,658,072; 2,438,091;
2,528,378.
Aqueous Carrier
[0088] The personal care compositions include an aqueous carrier.
The level and species of the carrier are selected according to the
compatibility with other components and other desired
characteristic of the product.
[0089] Carriers useful in the present invention include water and
water solutions of lower alkyl alcohols. Lower alkyl alcohols
useful herein are monohydric alcohols having 1 to 6 carbons, more
preferably ethanol and isopropanol.
Additional Cationic Polymers
[0090] In order to adjust rinse feel for specific consumer groups,
one embodiment comprises blends of the synthetic copolymer with
other traditional polymers such as cationic celluloses, cationic
guars, cationic starches, or even other cationic synthetic
polymers.
[0091] Cellulose or Guar Cationic Deposition Polymers
[0092] The personal care compositions may also comprise cellulose
or guar cationic deposition polymers. Generally, such cellulose or
guar cationic deposition polymers may be present at a concentration
from about 0.05% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.
Suitable cellulose or guar cationic deposition polymers have a
molecular weight of greater than about 5,000. Additionally, such
cellulose or guar deposition polymers have a charge density from
about 0.5 meq/g to about 4.0 meq/g at the pH of intended use of the
personal care composition, which pH will generally range from about
pH 3 to about pH 9, preferably between about pH 4 and about pH 8.
The pH of the compositions is measured neat.
[0093] Suitable cellulose or guar cationic polymers include those
which conform to the following formula:
##STR00013##
wherein A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a cellulose
anhydroglucose residual; R is an alkylene oxyalkylene,
polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof;
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 independently are alkyl, aryl,
alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group
containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, and the total number of
carbon atoms for each cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of carbon
atoms in R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3) preferably being about 20 or
less; and X is an anionic counterion. Non-limiting examples of such
counterions include halides (e.g., chlorine, fluorine, bromine,
iodine), sulfate and methylsulfate. The degree of cationic
substitution in these polysaccharide polymers is typically from
about 0.01 to about 1 cationic groups per anhydroglucose unit.
[0094] In one embodiment of the invention, the cellulose or guar
cationic polymers are salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with
trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry
(CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10 and available from Amerchol Corp.
(Edison, N.J., USA).
[0095] Cationic Deposition Polymers
[0096] In addition to the synthetic cationic copolymers of the
present invention, the personal care compositions herein may also
comprise additional synthetic cationic deposition polymers.
Generally, such synthetic cationic deposition polymers may be
present at a concentration from about 0.025% to about 5%, by weight
of the composition. Such synthetic cationic deposition polymers
have a molecular weight from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000.
Additionally, such synthetic cationic deposition polymers have a
charge density from about 0.5 meq/g to about 10 meq/g.
[0097] Suitable synthetic cationic deposition polymers include
those which are water-soluble or dispersible, cationic,
non-crosslinked, conditioning copolymers comprising: (i) one or
more cationic monomer units; and (ii) one or more nonionic monomer
units or monomer units bearing a terminal negative charge; wherein
said copolymer has a net positive charge, a cationic charge density
of from about 0.5 meq/g to about 10 meg/g, and an average molecular
weight from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000.
[0098] Non-limiting examples of suitable synthetic cationic
deposition polymers are described in U.S. Patent Publication No.
2003/0223951 A1 to Geary et al.
[0099] Cationically Modified Starch Polymer
[0100] In addition to the synthetic cationic copolymers of the
present invention, the personal care compositions herein may also
comprise additional water-soluble cationically modified starch
polymers. As used herein, the term "cationically modified starch"
refers to a starch to which a cationic group is added prior to
degradation of the starch to a smaller molecular weight, or to a
starch to which a cationic group is added after modification of the
starch to a desired molecular weight. The definition of the term
"cationically modified starch" also includes amphoterically
modified starch. The term "amphoterically modified starch" refers
to a starch hydrolysate to which a cationic group and an anionic
group are added.
[0101] In one embodiment, the personal care compositions comprise
cationically modified starch polymers at a range of about 0.01% to
about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.05% to about 5%, by
weight of the composition.
[0102] The cationically modified starch polymers suitable for use
in the personal care compositions have a molecular weight from
about 1,000 to about 200,000. In one embodiment, the cationically
modified starch polymers have a molecular weight from about 5,000
to about 100,000. The weight average molecular weight may be
measured by gel permeation chromatography ("GPC") using an Alliance
HPLC (Waters 2695 Separation Module) with two hydrogel columns in
series (Waters Ultrahydrogel Linear 6-13 um, 7.8.times.300 nm GPC
column, part number 011545) at a column temperature of 30.degree.
C. and at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min, and using a Viscotek Model 300
TDA (triple detector array), light scattering detector (single
angle, 90.degree.), viscosity detector, and refractive index
detector, all at detector temperatures of 30.degree. C., with a
method created by using pullulan narrow standard P-800 from
American Polymer Standards Corporation (M.sub.w=788,000), with an
injection volume of 25 to 100 and using a dn/dc of 0.147.
Additional details on measuring the weight average molecular weight
according to a GPC method are described in U.S. Patent Publication
No. 2003/0154883 A1, entitled "Non-Thermoplastic Starch Fibers and
Starch Composition for Making Same."
[0103] In one embodiment, the personal care compositions include
cationically modified starch polymers which have a charge density
from about 0.7 meq/g to about 7 meq/g. The chemical modification to
obtain such a charge density includes, but is not limited to, the
addition of amino and/or ammonium groups into the starch
molecules.
[0104] Non-limiting examples of suitable cationically modified
starch polymers are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
10/758,656 to Peffly et al.
Oily Conditioning Agent
[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the personal care compositions
comprise one or more oily conditioning agents. Oily conditioning
agents include materials which are used to give a particular
conditioning benefit to hair and/or skin. In hair treatment
compositions, suitable conditioning agents are those which deliver
one or more benefits relating to shine, softness, combability,
antistatic properties, wet-handling, damage, manageability, body,
and greasiness. The oily conditioning agents useful in the personal
care compositions typically comprise a water-insoluble,
water-dispersible, non-volatile, liquid that forms emulsified,
liquid particles. Suitable oily conditioning agents for use in the
composition are those conditioning agents characterized generally
as silicones (e.g., silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone
gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins), organic
conditioning oils (e.g., hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, and fatty
esters) or combinations thereof, or those conditioning agents which
otherwise form liquid, dispersed particles in the aqueous
surfactant matrix herein.
[0106] One or more oily conditioning agents are typically present
at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from
about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about
4%, by weight of the composition.
[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of oily conditioning
agent to synthetic cationic polymer is at least about 2:1
[0108] Silicone Conditioning Agent
[0109] The oily conditioning agents of the personal care
compositions are preferably a water-insoluble silicone conditioning
agent. The silicone conditioning agent may comprise volatile
silicone, non-volatile silicone, or combinations thereof. Preferred
are non-volatile silicone conditioning agents. If volatile
silicones are present, it will typically be incidental to their use
as a solvent or carrier for commercially available forms of
non-volatile silicone materials ingredients, such as silicone gums
and resins. The silicone conditioning agent particles may comprise
a silicone fluid conditioning agent and may also comprise other
ingredients, such as a silicone resin to improve silicone fluid
deposition efficiency or enhance glossiness of the hair.
[0110] Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone conditioning
agents, and optional suspending agents for the silicone, are
described in U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646,
and U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609. The silicone conditioning agents for
use in the personal care compositions preferably have a viscosity,
as measured at 25.degree. C., from about 20 to about 2,000,000
centistokes ("csk"), more preferably from about 1,000 to about
1,800,000 csk, even more preferably from about 5,000 to about
1,500,000 csk, more preferably from about 10,000 to about 1,000,000
csk.
[0111] In one embodiment, the personal care composition is opaque.
The personal care composition comprises a non-volatile silicone oil
having a particle size as measured in the personal care composition
from about 1 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m. In an embodiment for small
particle silicone application to the hair, the personal care
composition comprises a non-volatile silicone oil having a particle
size as measured in the personal care composition from about 100 nm
to about 1 .mu.m. A substantially clear composition embodiment
comprises a non-volatile silicone oil having a particle size as
measured in the personal care composition of less than about 100
nm.
[0112] The transparency of the composition is measured using
Ultra-Violet/Visible (UV/VIS) Spectrophotometry, which determines
the absorption or transmission of UV/VIS light by a sample. A light
wavelength of 600 nm is adequate for characterizing the degree of
clarity of cosmetic compositions. Typically, it is best to follow
the specific instructions relating the specific spectrophotometer
being used. In general, the procedure for measuring percent
transmittance starts by setting the spectrophotometer to the 600
nm. Then a calibration "blank" is run to calibrate the readout to
100 percent transmittance. The test sample is then placed in a
cuvette designed to fit the specific spectrophotomer and the
percent transmittance is measured by the spectrophotomer at 600
nm.
[0113] Non-volatile silicone oils suitable for use in compositions
may be selected from organo-modified silicones and fluoro-modified
silicones. In one embodiment, the non-volatile silicone oil is an
organo-modified silicone which comprises an organo group selected
from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, hydroxyl
groups, amine groups, quaternary groups, carboxyl groups, fatty
acid groups, ether groups, ester groups, mercapto groups, sulfate
groups, sulfonate groups, phosphate groups, propylene oxide groups,
and ethylene oxide groups.
[0114] In a preferred embodiment, the non-volatile silicone oil is
dimethicone.
[0115] Background material on silicones including sections
discussing silicone fluids, gums, and resins, as well as
manufacture of silicones, are found in Encyclopedia of Polymer
Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp 204-308, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. (1989).
[0116] Silicone fluids suitable for use in the personal care
compositions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,826,551; U.S. Pat.
No. 3,964,500; U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,837; British Patent No. 849,433,
and Silicon Compounds, Petrarch Systems, Inc. (1984).
[0117] Organic Conditioning Oils
[0118] The oily conditioning agent of the personal care
compositions may also comprise at least one organic conditioning
oil, either alone or in combination with other conditioning agents,
such as the silicones described above.
[0119] Hydrocarbon Oils
[0120] Suitable organic conditioning oils for use as conditioning
agents in the personal care compositions comprise hydrocarbon oils
having at least about 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons,
straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated),
and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or
unsaturated), including polymers and mixtures thereof. Straight
chain hydrocarbon oils preferably are from about C.sub.12 to about
C.sub.19. Branched chain hydrocarbon oils, including hydrocarbon
polymers, typically will contain more than 19 carbon atoms.
[0121] Specific non-limiting examples of these hydrocarbon oils
include paraffin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated
dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and
unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane,
saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, polybutene, polydecene, and
mixtures thereof. Branched-chain isomers of these compounds, as
well as of higher chain length hydrocarbons, can also be used,
examples of which include 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8,
8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2, 4, 4, 6,
6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane, available from Permethyl Corporation. A
preferred hydrocarbon polymer is polybutene, such as the copolymer
of isobutylene and butene, which is commercially available as L-14
polybutene from Amoco Chemical Corporation.
[0122] Polyolefins
[0123] Organic conditioning oils for use in the personal care
compositions may also comprise liquid polyolefins, more preferably
liquid poly-a-olefins, more preferably hydrogenated liquid
poly-.alpha.-olefins. Polyolefins for use herein are prepared by
polymerization of C.sub.4 to about C.sub.14 olefenic monomers,
preferably from about C.sub.6 to about C.sub.12.
[0124] Non-limiting examples of olefenic monomers for use in
preparing the polyolefin liquids herein include ethylene,
propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene,
1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched chain isomers such as
4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof. Also suitable for
preparing the polyolefin liquids are olefin-containing refinery
feedstocks or effluents.
[0125] Fatty Esters
[0126] Other suitable organic conditioning oils for use as the
conditioning agent in the personal care compositions include fatty
esters having at least 10 carbon atoms. These fatty esters include
esters with hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or
alcohols. The hydrocarbyl radicals of the fatty esters hereof may
include or have covalently bonded thereto other compatible
functionalities, such as amides and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy
or ether linkages, etc.).
[0127] Specific examples of preferred fatty esters include, but are
not limited to, isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl
laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate,
isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl
isostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl
lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl
myristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, and oleyl adipate.
[0128] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal care
compositions are those known as polyhydric alcohol esters. Such
polyhydric alcohol esters include alkylene glycol esters.
[0129] Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal
care compositions are glycerides, including, but not limited to,
mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides, preferably di- and tri-glycerides,
more preferably triglycerides. A variety of these types of
materials can be obtained from vegetable and animal fats and oils,
such as castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive
oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil,
lanolin and soybean oil. Synthetic oils include, but are not
limited to, triolein and tristearin glyceryl dilaurate.
[0130] Fluorinated Conditioning Compounds
[0131] Fluorinated compounds suitable for delivering conditioning
to hair or skin as organic conditioning oils include
perfluoropolyethers, perfluorinated olefins, fluorine based
specialty polymers that may be in a fluid or elastomer form similar
to the silicone fluids previously described, and perfluorinated
dimethicones. Specific non-limiting examples of suitable
fluorinated compounds include the Fomblin product line from
Ausimont which includes HC/04, HC/25, HC01, HC/02, HC/03;
Dioctyldodecyl Fluoroeptyl Citrate, commonly called Biosil Basics
Fluoro Gerbet 3.5 supplied by Biosil Technologies; and Biosil
Basics Fluorosil LF also supplied by Biosil Technologies.
[0132] Fatty Alcohols
[0133] Other suitable organic conditioning oils for use in the
personal care compositions comprise fatty alcohols having at least
about 10 carbon atoms, more preferably about 10 to about 22 carbon
atoms, most preferably about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms. Also
suitable for use in the personal care compositions are alkoxylated
fatty alcohols which conform to the general formula:
CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2)--CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.pOH
wherein n is a positive integer having a value from about 8 to
about 20, preferably about 10 to about 14, and p is a positive
integer having a value from about 1 to about 30, preferably from
about 2 to about 23.
[0134] Alkyl Glucosides and Alkyl Glucoside Derivatives
[0135] Suitable organic conditioning oils for use in the personal
care compositions comprise alkyl glucosides and alkyl glucoside
derivatives. Specific non-limiting examples of suitable alkyl
glucosides and alkyl glucoside derivatives include Glucam E-10,
Glucam E-20, Glucam P-10, and Glucquat 125 commercially available
from Amerchol.
Other Conditioning Agents
[0136] Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
[0137] Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds for use as
conditioning agents in the personal care compositions comprise
hydrophilic quaternary ammonium compounds with a long chain
substituent having a carbonyl moiety, like an amide moiety, or a
phosphate ester moiety or a similar hydrophilic moiety.
[0138] Examples of useful hydrophilic quaternary ammonium compounds
include, but are not limited to, compounds designated in the CTFA
Cosmetic Dictionary as ricinoleamidopropyl trimonium chloride,
ricinoleamido trimonium ethylsulfate, hydroxy stearamidopropyl
trimoniummethylsulfate and hydroxy stearamidopropyl trimonium
chloride, or combinations thereof.
[0139] Examples of other useful quaternary ammonium surfactants
include, but are not limited to, Quaternium-33, Quaternium-43,
isostearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, Quaternium-22 and
Quaternium-26, or combinations thereof, as designated in the CTFA
Dictionary.
[0140] Other hydrophilic quaternary ammonium compounds useful in a
composition of comprise Quaternium-16, Quaternium-27,
Quaternium-30, Quaternium-52, Quaternium-53, Quaternium-56,
Quaternium-60, Quaternium-61, Quaternium-62, Quaternium-63,
Quaternium-71, and combinations thereof.
[0141] Polyethylene Glycols
[0142] Additional compounds useful herein as conditioning agents
include polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a
molecular weight of up to about 2,000,000 such as those with CTFA
names PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, PEG-2M, PEG-7M, PEG-14M,
PEG-45M, and mixtures thereof.
Additional Components
[0143] The personal care compositions may further comprise one or
more additional components known for use in hair care or personal
care products, provided that the additional components are
physically and chemically compatible with the essential components
described herein, or do not otherwise unduly impair product
stability, aesthetics or performance. Individual concentrations of
such additional components may range from about 0.001% to about 10%
by weight of the personal care compositions.
[0144] Non-limiting examples of additional components for use in
the composition include natural cationic deposition polymers,
synthetic cationic deposition polymers, anti-dandruff agents,
particles, suspending agents, paraffinic hydrocarbons, propellants,
viscosity modifiers, dyes, non-volatile solvents or diluents
(water-soluble and water-insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam
boosters, additional surfactants or nonionic cosurfactants,
pediculocides, pH adjusting agents, perfumes, preservatives,
chelants, proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, UV absorbers,
and vitamins.
Optional Components
[0145] Anti-Dandruff Actives
[0146] The personal care compositions may also comprise an
anti-dandruff active. Suitable non-limiting examples of
anti-dandruff actives include pyridinethione salts, azoles,
selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, keratolytic agents, and
mixtures thereof. Such anti-dandruff actives should be physically
and chemically compatible with the essential components of the
composition, and should not otherwise unduly impair product
stability, aesthetics or performance.
[0147] Pyridinethione anti-microbial and anti-dandruff agents are
described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,809,971; U.S. Pat. No.
3,236,733; U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,196; U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,418; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,345,080; U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,683; U.S. Pat. No.
4,379,753; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,982.
[0148] Azole anti-microbials include imidazoles such as climbazole
and ketoconazole.
[0149] Selenium sulfide compounds are described, for example, in
U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,668; U.S. Pat. No. 3,152,046; U.S. Pat. No.
4,089,945; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,107.
[0150] Sulfur may also be used as a particulate
anti-microbial/anti-dandruff agent in the personal care
compositions.
[0151] The personal care compositions may further comprise one or
more keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid.
[0152] Additional anti-microbial actives may include extracts of
melaleuca (tea tree) and charcoal.
[0153] When present in the composition, the anti-dandruff active is
included in an amount from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from
about 0.1% to about 3%, and more preferably from about 0.3% to
about 2%, by weight of the composition.
[0154] Particles
[0155] The personal care compositions may also comprise particles.
Useful particles can be inorganic, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. In
the present invention, it is preferable to incorporate no more than
about 20%, more preferably no more than about 10% and even more
preferably no more than 2%, by weight of the composition, of
particles. In one embodiment, the particles have an average mean
particle size of less than about 300 .mu.m.
[0156] Non-limiting examples of inorganic particles include
colloidal silicas, fumed silicas, precipitated silicas, silica
gels, magnesium silicate, glass particles, talcs, micas, sericites,
and various natural and synthetic clays including bentonites,
hectorites, and montmorillonites.
[0157] Examples of synthetic particles comprise silicone resins,
poly(meth)acrylates, polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene,
polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide (e.g., Nylon.RTM.), epoxy
resins, urea resins, acrylic powders, and the like.
[0158] Non-limiting examples of hybrid particles include sericite
& crosslinked polystyrene hybrid powder, and mica and silica
hybrid powder.
[0159] Opacifying Agents
[0160] The personal care compositions may also comprise one or more
opacifying agents. Opacifying agents are typically used in
cleansing compositions to impart desired aesthetic benefits to the
composition, such as color or pearlescence. In the present
invention, it is preferable to incorporate from about 0.01% to
about 20%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 10% and even
more preferably from about 0.01% to about 2%, by weight of the
composition, of opacifying agents.
[0161] Suitable opacifying agents include, for example, fumed
silica, polymethylmethacrylate, micronized Teflon.RTM., boron
nitride, barium sulfate, acrylate polymers, aluminum silicate,
aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, calcium silicate, cellulose,
chalk, corn starch, diatomaceous earth, Fuller's earth, glyceryl
starch, hydrated silica, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide,
magnesium oxide, magnesium trisilicate, maltodextrin,
microcrystaline cellulose, rice starch, silica, titanium dioxide,
zinc laurate, zinc myristate, zinc neodecanoate, zinc rosinate,
zinc stearate, polyethylene, alumina, attapulgite, calcium
carbonate, calcium silicate, dextran, nylon, silica silylate, silk
powder, soy flour, tin oxide, titanium hydroxide, trimagnesium
phosphate, walnut shell powder, or mixtures thereof. The above
mentioned powders may be surface treated with lecithin, amino
acids, mineral oil, silicone oil, or various other agents either
alone or in combination, which coat the powder surface and render
the particles hydrophobic in nature.
[0162] The opacifying agents may also comprise various organic and
inorganic pigments. The organic pigments are generally various
aromatic types including azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane,
anthraquinone, and xanthine dyes. Inorganic pigments include iron
oxides, ultramarine and chromium or chromium hydroxide colors, and
mixtures thereof.
[0163] Suspending Agents
[0164] The personal care compositions may further comprise a
suspending agent at concentrations effective for suspending
water-insoluble material in dispersed form in the compositions or
for modifying the viscosity of the composition. Such concentrations
generally range from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about
0.3% to about 5.0%, by weight of the composition, of suspending
agent.
[0165] Suspending agents useful herein include anionic polymers and
nonionic polymers. Useful herein are vinyl polymers such as cross
linked acrylic acid polymers with the CTFA name Carbomer.
[0166] Paraffinic Hydrocarbons
[0167] The personal care compositions may also comprise one or more
paraffinic hydrocarbons. Paraffinic hydrocarbons suitable for use
in compositions of the present invention include those materials
which are known for use in hair care or other personal care
compositions, such as those having a vapor pressure at 1 atm of
equal to or greater than about 21.degree. C. (about 70.degree. F.).
Non-limiting examples include pentane and isopentane.
[0168] Propellants
[0169] The personal care compositions may comprise one or more
propellants. Propellants suitable for use in compositions of the
present invention include those materials which are known for use
in hair care or other personal care compositions, such as liquefied
gas propellants and compressed gas propellants. Suitable
propellants have a vapor pressure at 1 atm of less than about
21.degree. C. (about 70.degree. F.). Non-limiting examples of
suitable propellants are alkanes, isoalkanes, haloalkanes, dimethyl
ether, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures
thereof.
[0170] Mono or Divalent Salt
[0171] The personal care compositions may further comprise a mono
or divalent salt, which acts as a source of entropy to assist in
coacervate formation. Salt allows more contacts to be made between
the polymer and surfactant, which increases the formation of
coacervate. By the term "coacervate initiator," as used herein,
means salt capable of inducing the formation of coacervates when
combined with compositions comprising an anionic detersive
surfactant component surfactant system and the synthetic cationic
polymer.
[0172] Surfactant salts themselves are not included in the present
salt definition but other salts are. Suitable salts comprise
chlorides, phosphates, sulfates, nitrates, citrates and halides.
The counter ions of such salts can be, but are not limited to,
sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium, zinc or other mono and
divalent cation. Salts most preferred for use in the compositions
of the present invention include sodium chloride, ammonium
chloride, sodium citrate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium
sulfate. It is recognized that these salts may serve as thickening
aids or buffering aids in addition to their role as a coacervate
initiator. The amount of coacervate initiator comprising the salt
and/or the optional surfactant will vary with the type of
surfactant and polymer, but is preferably present at a level of
from about 0.01% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.05% to
about 3.5%, and still more preferably from about 0.1% to about
2%.
[0173] Other Optional Components
[0174] The personal care compositions may contain fragrance.
[0175] The personal care compositions may also comprise
water-soluble and water-insoluble vitamins such as vitamins B1, B2,
B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl ethyl ether, panthenol,
biotin and their derivatives, and vitamins A, D, E, and their
derivatives. The compositions of the present invention may also
contain water-soluble and water-insoluble amino acids such as
asparagine, alanine, indole, glutamic acid and their salts, and
tyrosine, tryptamine, lysine, histadine and their salts.
[0176] The compositions of the present invention may also contain
chelating agents.
[0177] The compositions of present invention may further comprise
materials useful for hair loss prevention and hair growth
stimulants or agents.
Method for Measuring Lather Volume
[0178] The potential for the personal care compositions disclosed
herein to generate lather is measured via the SITA Foam Tester
(model: R-2000) made by SITA Messtechnik GmbH (Germany). The SITA
Foam Tester R-2000 utilizes a patented rotor of defined geometry
for foam generation. The rotor mechanically inserts air bubbles
into the liquid. The foam volume is measured by an array of sensor
needles, which scans the foam surface. Using an array of sensor
needles permits exact measurement of the foam volume even with
uneven foam surfaces. The output is given as average millimeters of
foam height per measure. Foam height measurements are taken every
10 seconds. The stir count and stir time refer to the input in the
SITA program. The SITA program stirs for 10 sec then a measure is
taken, then stirs again for 10 seconds a measure is taken--this
occurs 12 times in total (stirred for 12 separate 10 sec.
intervals). The Stir Count, as used herein, means the total number
of stirring intervals in one test. It has been found that the 40
second measurement, the fourth total measurement, is particularly
relevant to the consumer usage experience. At the 40 second
measurement, foam heights of at least about 50 millimeters are
particularly desirable, even more preferred are foam heights of at
least about 100 millimeters. To measure these values, standard
manufacturer's methods are followed for operation of the equipment
with the following requirements:
Instrument Settings/Measurement Parameters:
TABLE-US-00001 [0179] Volume of Water (ml) 300 Mixing Rotor Speed
(rpm) 1000 Stir Count 12 Stir Time (sec) 10
Water/Product/Soil Load:
TABLE-US-00002 [0180] 300 gm of 7 grain hardness water at
100.degree. F. 0.5 ml test product (cleansing composition) 0.05 ml
Extra Virgin, first cold pressed Olive Oil (simulates sebum)
[0181] The above materials may either be premixed prior to being
fed into the SITA unit or the water may be metered in and the test
product and soil may be injected into the SITA vessel either at the
top of the vessel or through the injection port.
Method of Making
[0182] The personal care compositions may be made by mixing the
ingredients together at either room temperature or at elevated
temperature, e.g., about 72.degree. C. Heat only needs to be used
if solid ingredients are to be incorporated into the composition.
The ingredients are mixed at the batch processing temperature.
Additional ingredients, including electrolytes, polymers,
fragrance, and particles, may be added to the product at room
temperature.
Method of Treating Hair or Skin
[0183] The personal care compositions are used in a conventional
manner for cleansing and conditioning hair or skin. Generally, a
method of treating hair or skin of the present invention comprises
applying the personal care composition of the present invention to
the hair or skin. More specifically, an effective amount of the
personal care composition is applied to the hair or skin, which has
preferably been wetted with water, and then the personal care
composition is rinsed off. Such effective amounts generally range
from about 1 g to about 50 g, preferably from about 1 g to about 20
g. Application to the hair typically includes working the
composition through the hair such that most or all of the hair is
contacted with the composition.
[0184] This method for treating the hair or skin comprises the
steps of: (a) applying an effective amount of the personal care
composition to the hair or skin, and (b) rinsing the applied areas
of hair or skin with water. These steps can be repeated as many
times as desired to achieve the desired cleansing and conditioning
benefit.
[0185] For use in methods of the present invention, the personal
care composition may be in various forms, for example, shampoos,
body washes, gels, lotions, creams, mousses, and sprays. For some
of these forms, the personal care composition may be packaged in a
pump-dispenser bottle or in an aerosol container. In other useful
forms, the personal care composition may be dried to a film or a
powder, or it may be applied to a substrate which is then used for
application to the hair or skin.
NON-LIMITING EXAMPLES
[0186] The compositions illustrated in the following Examples
illustrate specific embodiments of the compositions of the present
invention, but are not intended to be limiting thereof. Other
modifications can be undertaken by the skilled artisan without
departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. These
exemplified embodiments of the composition of the present invention
provide enhanced deposition of conditioning agents to the hair
and/or skin.
[0187] The compositions illustrated in the following Examples are
prepared by conventional formulation and mixing methods, an example
of which is described above. All exemplified amounts are listed as
weight percents and exclude minor materials such as diluents,
preservatives, color solutions, imagery ingredients, botanicals,
and so forth, unless otherwise specified.
[0188] The following are representative of personal care
compositions of the present invention:
TABLE-US-00003 EXAMPLE COMPOSITION I II III IV V VI VII Ingredient
Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer
.sup.1 0.25 -- 0.25 -- 0.25 -- 0.25 AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer .sup.2 --
0.25 -- 0.25 -- 0.25 -- Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLE3S) .sup.3 --
6.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) .sup.4
-- 10.00 -- 6.00 -- -- -- Ammonium Laureth Sulfate 6.00 -- -- -- --
-- -- (ALE3S) .sup.5 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (ALS) .sup.6 10.00 --
-- -- -- -- -- Cocoamidopropyl Betaine .sup.7 -- -- 4.00 2.00 2.00
4.00 4.00 PPG-2 Hydroxyethyl -- 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Coco/Isostearamide .sup.8 Sodium Chloride .sup.9 2.50 2.25 1.50
0.50 1.00 -- 1.50 Sodium Xylene Sulfonate .sup.10 -- -- -- -- --
0.25 -- Fragrance 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Preservatives,
pH adjusters Up Up Up Up Up Up Up to to to to to to to 1% 1% 1% 1%
1% 1% 1% Calculated: Ethoxylate Level 1.77 1.77 2.35 2.35 2.94 3.53
4.12 Sulfate Level 3.80 3.80 1.51 3.11 1.88 2.26 2.64
Ethoxylate:Sulfate (Ratio) 0.46 0.46 1.56 0.76 1.56 1.56 1.56
.sup.1 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 1,000,000; CD
= 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 5 .sup.2 Copolymer of
Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 400,000; CD = 1.6 meq./gram;
AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 50 .sup.3 Sodium Laureth Sulfate, supplier:
P&G .sup.4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, supplier: P&G Ammonium
Laureth Sulfate, supplier: P&G Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate,
supplier: P&G .sup.5 Tegobetaine F-B, supplier: Goldschmidt
Chemicals .sup.6 Promidium 2, supplier Unichema .sup.7 Sodium
Chloride USP (food grade), supplier Morton .sup.8 Sodium Xylene
Sulfonate, supplier: Stepan
TABLE-US-00004 EXAMPLE COMPOSITION VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV
Ingredient Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. AM:TRIQUAT
Copolymer .sup.1 0.25 -- 0.25 -- 0.25 -- 0.25 AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer
.sup.2 -- 0.25 -- 0.25 -- 0.25 -- Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLE3S)
.sup.3 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
(SLS) .sup.4 10.00 10.00 -- 6.00 -- -- -- Dimethiconol
Microemulsion A .sup.5 -- -- -- 1.00 -- -- -- Dimethiconol
Microemulsion B .sup.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- Disodium Coco
Amphodiacetate .sup.7 -- -- 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00
Cocoamidopropyl Betaine .sup.8 -- 2.00 -- 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 PPG-2
Hydroxyethyl -- 2.00 -- 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Coco/Isostearamide
.sup.9 Cocoamide MEA .sup.10 1.50 -- 0.80 -- -- -- -- Sodium
Chloride .sup.11 0.25 2.00 3.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.50 Fragrance 0.70
0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Preservatives, pH adjusters Up Up Up
Up Up Up Up to to to to to to to 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Calculated:
Ethoxylate Level 1.77 1.77 2.35 2.35 2.94 3.53 4.12 Sulfate Level
3.80 3.80 1.51 3.11 1.88 2.26 2.64 Ethoxylate:Sulfate (Ratio) 0.46
0.46 1.56 0.76 1.56 1.56 1.56 .sup.1 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM)
and TRIQUAT, MW = 1,000,000; CD = 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio =
5 .sup.2 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 400,000; CD
= 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 50 .sup.3 Sodium Laureth
Sulfate, supplier: P&G .sup.4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, supplier:
P&G .sup.5 Dow Corning Silicone Micro-emulsion DC2-1870;
Internal Phase Viscosity = 72,000; 30 nm particle size dimethiconol
using TEA dodecyl benzene sulfonate and laureth 23 as primary
surfactants .sup.6 Dow Corning DC 2-1865; Internal Phase Viscosity
= 25,000 cps; 25 nm particle size dimethiconol using TEA dodecyl
benzene sulfonate and laureth 23 as primary surfactants .sup.7
Miranol C2M Conc NP, supplier: Rhodia. .sup.8 Tegobetaine F-B,
supplier: Goldschmidt Chemicals .sup.9 Promidium 2, supplier
Unichema .sup.10 Monamid CMA, supplier Goldschmidt Chemical .sup.11
Sodium Chloride USP (food grade), supplier Morton.
TABLE-US-00005 EXAMPLE COMPOSITION XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX Ingredient
Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer .sup.1 0.25
0.25 0.25 -- 0.25 AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer .sup.2 -- -- -- 0.25 --
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLE3S) .sup.3 -- 10.00 -- 8.00 14.00 Sodium
Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) .sup.4 -- -- -- 3.00 -- Ammonium Laureth
Sulfate (ALE3S) .sup.5 6.00 -- 14.00 -- -- Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
(ALS) .sup.6 10.00 -- 2.00 -- -- Dimethicone Emulsion .sup.5 1.00
2.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 Disodium Coco Amphodiacetate .sup.6 -- 2.00 --
-- -- Cocoamidopropyl Betaine .sup.7 -- -- 2.00 4.00 2.00 PPG-2
Hydroxyethyl 2.00 2.00 2.00 -- 2.00 Coco/Isostearamide .sup.8
Ethylene Glycol Distearate .sup.9 1.50 -- -- -- 1.50 Sodium
Chloride .sup.10 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.00 1.50 Fragrance 0.70 0.70 0.70
0.70 0.70 Preservatives, pH adjusters Up to 1% Up to 1% Up to 1% Up
to 1% Up to 1% Calculated: Ethoxylate Level 1.77 2.94 4.12 2.35
4.12 Sulfate Level 3.80 1.88 3.17 2.31 2.64 Ethoxylate:Sulfate
(Ratio) 0.46 1.56 1.30 1.02 1.56 .sup.1 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM)
and TRIQUAT, MW = 1,000,000; CD = 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio =
5 .sup.2 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 400,000; CD
= 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 50 .sup.3 Sodium Laureth
Sulfate, supplier: P&G .sup.4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, supplier:
P&G .sup.5 Dow Corning Dimethicone emulsion DC-1664; 3 micron
particle size .sup.6 Miranol C2M Conc NP, supplier: Rhodia. .sup.7
Tegobetaine F-B, supplier: Goldschmidt Chemicals .sup.8 Promidium
2, supplier Unichema .sup.9 Ethylene Glycol Distearate, EGDS Pure,
supplier Goldschmidt Chemical .sup.10 Sodium Chloride USP (food
grade), supplier Morton.
TABLE-US-00006 EXAMPLE COMPOSITION XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV
Ingredient Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer
.sup.1 0.25 0.25 0.25 -- 0.25 AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer .sup.2 -- -- --
0.25 -- Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLE3S) .sup.3 -- 6.00 8.00 8.00 --
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) .sup.4 -- 10.00 8.00 10.00 -- Ammonium
Laureth Sulfate 6.00 -- -- -- 15.00 (ALE3S) .sup.5 Ammonium Lauryl
Sulfate (ALS) .sup.6 10.00 -- -- -- 2.00 Dimethicone .sup.5 1.20
0.5 1.00 0.50 1.00 Cocoamidopropyl Betaine .sup.6 -- -- 2.00 1.00
5.00 Cocoamide MEA .sup.7 1.5 0.75 -- -- -- Ethylene Glycol
Distearate .sup.8 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Sodium Chloride .sup.9
1.50 1.25 1.00 1.25 1.50 Fragrance 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
Preservatives, pH adjusters Up to 1% Up to 1% Up to 1% Up to 1% Up
to 1% Calculated: Ethoxylate Level 1.77 1.77 2.35 2.35 4.41 Sulfate
Level 3.80 3.80 3.64 4.17 3.36 Ethoxylate:Sulfate (Ratio) 0.46 0.46
0.65 0.56 1.31 .sup.1 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW =
1,000,000; CD = 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 5 .sup.2
Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 400,000; CD = 1.6
meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 50 .sup.3 Sodium Laureth Sulfate,
supplier: P&G .sup.4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, supplier: P&G
.sup.5 Dimethicone Fluid, Viscasil 330M; 30 micron particle size;
supplier: General Electric Silicones .sup.6 Tegobetaine F-B,
supplier: Goldschmidt Chemicals .sup.7 Monamid CMA, supplier
Goldschmidt Chemical .sup.8 Ethylene Glycol Distearate, EGDS Pure,
supplier Goldschmidt Chemical .sup.9 Sodium Chloride USP (food
grade), supplier Morton.
TABLE-US-00007 EXAMPLE COMPOSITION XXV XXVI XXVII XXVIII XXIX
Ingredient Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer
.sup.1 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.10 AM:TRIQUAT Copolymer .sup.2 -- -- 0.25
-- -- Polyquaternium 10 .sup.3 0.10 -- -- -- 0.10 Polyquaternium 10
.sup.4 -- 0.10 -- -- -- Polyquaternium 10 .sup.5 -- -- 0.10 -- --
Guar Hydroxypropyl Trimonium -- -- -- 0.10 -- Chloride .sup.6
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLE3S) .sup.7 10.00 8.00 6.00 10.00 8.00
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) .sup.8 4.00 6.00 10.00 6.00 10.00
Dimethiconol Microemulsion A .sup.9 1.00 -- -- -- 0.50 Dimethiconol
Microemulsion B .sup.10 -- 1.00 1.00 1.00 -- Cocoamdopropyl Betaine
.sup.13 2.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 -- PPG-2 Hydroxyethyl 2.00 -- -- 1.00
2.00 Coco/Isostearamide .sup.14 Sodium Chloride .sup.15 1.25 1.00
1.25 1.25 1.00 Fragrance 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Preservatives, pH
adjusters Up to 1% Up to 1% Up to 1% Up to 1% Up to 1% Calculated:
Ethoxylate level 2.94 2.35 1.77 2.94 2.35 Sulfate level 2.95 3.11
3.80 3.48 4.17 Ethoxylate:Sulfate (Ratio) 1.00 0.76 0.46 0.84 0.56
.sup.1 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 1,000,000; CD
= 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 5 .sup.2 Copolymer of
Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW = 400,000; CD = 1.6 meq./gram;
AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 50 .sup.3 Polyquaterium 10 polymer with MW = 2.0
MM and charge density = 0.7 .sup.4 UCare Polymer JR30M, MW = 2.0
MM, charge density = 1.32 meq./gram, supplier Dow Chemicals .sup.5
UCare Polymer KG30M, MW = 2.0 MM, charge density = 1.96 meq./gram,
supplier Dow Chemicals .sup.6 Jaguar Excel, supplier: Rhodia.
.sup.7 Sodium Laureth Sulfate, supplier: P&G .sup.8 Sodium
Lauryl Sulfate, supplier: P&G .sup.9 Dow Corning Silicone
Micro-emulsion DC2-1870; Internal Phase Viscosity = 72,000; 30 nm
particle size dimethiconol using TEA dodecyl benzene sulfonate and
laureth 23 as primary surfactants .sup.10 Dow Corning DC2-1865
batch#19238-8; Internal Phase Viscosity = 25,000 cps; 25 nm
particle size dimethiconol using TEA dodecyl benzene sulfonate and
laureth 23 as primary surfactants .sup.11 Tegobetaine F-B,
supplier: Goldschmidt Chemicals .sup.12 Promidium 2, supplier
Unichema .sup.13 Sodium Chloride USP (food grade), supplier
Morton.
TABLE-US-00008 EXAMPLE COMPOSITION XXXVII XXXVIII XXXIX XL XLI XLII
Ingredient Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. AM:TRIQUAT 0.25 0.50
-- 0.50 0.1 0.25 Copolymer .sup.1 Sodium Laureth Sulfate .sup.2
6.00 8.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 12.00 Sodium Lauryl .sup.3 10.00 8.00
6.00 -- -- 2.00 Aminosilicone .sup.4 2.00 -- -- -- -- --
Aminosilicone .sup.5 -- -- -- -- -- 2.00 Di-PPG-2 Myreth-10 -- 1.00
-- -- -- -- Adipate .sup.6 Zinc Pyrithione .sup.7 -- -- -- -- --
1.00 Cocoamdopropyl Betaine .sup.8 -- 2.00 2.00 8.00 8.00 2.00
Silica .sup.9 -- 1.00 -- -- -- -- Silica .sup.10 -- -- 1.00 -- --
-- Silica .sup.11 -- -- -- 1.00 -- -- Silica .sup.12 -- -- -- --
1.00 -- Polymethylsilsesquioxane A .sup.13 -- -- 1.00 -- -- --
Polymethylsilsesquioxane B .sup.14 -- -- -- 1.00 -- -- PPG-2
Hydroxyethyl 2.00 2.00 -- 2.00 2.00 2.00 Coco/Isostearamide .sup.15
Ethylene Glycol Distearate .sup.16 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
Sodium Chloride .sup.17 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Fragrance
0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Preservatives, pH adjusters Up Up Up
Up Up Up to to to to to to 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Calculated: Ethoxylate
level 1.77 2.35 2.94 2.35 2.35 3.53 Sulfate level 3.80 3.64 3.48
1.51 1.51 2.79 Ethoxylate:Sulfate 0.46 0.65 0.84 1.56 1.56 1.26
(Ratio) .sup.1 Copolymer of Acrylamide(AM) and TRIQUAT, MW =
400,000; CD = 1.6 meq./gram; AM:TRIQUAT ratio = 50 .sup.2 Sodium
Laureth Sulfate, supplier: P&G .sup.3 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate,
supplier: P&G .sup.4 Aminosilicone; supplier General Electric;
terminal aminopropyl substitution, viscosity 350,000, D 1600, M' =
2, particle size 3 .mu.m .sup.5 DC 2-8194 Aminosilicone; supplier
Dow Corning, particle size ~30 nm .sup.6 Cromollient SCE, supplier
Croda .sup.7 Zinc Pyrithione, supplier: Arch Chemicals .sup.8
Tegobetaine F-B, supplier: Goldschmidt Chemical .sup.9 Sipernat
22LS, supplier: Degussa .sup.10 MSS-500/H, supplier: General
Electric Silicones .sup.11 MSS-500/N, supplier: General Electric
Silicones .sup.12 Syloid 244FP Silica, supplier: Grace Davison
.sup.13 Tospearl 240, supplier: General Electric Silicones .sup.14
Tospearl 3120, supplier: General Electric Silicones .sup.15
Promidium 2, supplier Unichema .sup.16 Ethylene Glycol Distearate,
EGDS Pure, supplier Goldschmidt Chemical .sup.17 Sodium Chloride
USP (food grade), supplier Morton.
[0189] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".
[0190] All documents cited herein are, in relevant part,
incorporated herein by reference: the citation of any document is
not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with
respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or
definition of a term in this written document conflicts with any
meaning or definition of the term in a document incorporated by
reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this
written document shall govern.
[0191] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is, therefore, intended to cover in the appended
claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope
of this invention.
* * * * *