U.S. patent application number 15/057947 was filed with the patent office on 2016-09-29 for whitening system capable of delivering effective whitening action.
The applicant listed for this patent is Martin S. Giniger. Invention is credited to Martin S. Giniger.
Application Number | 20160279039 15/057947 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36944319 |
Filed Date | 2016-09-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160279039 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Giniger; Martin S. |
September 29, 2016 |
Whitening system capable of delivering effective whitening
action
Abstract
The invention provides a foamable composition for tooth
bleaching which can be a one or two-component system. The system
has at least one peroxide compound, and at least one foaming agent.
The composition can also contain at least one source of calcium,
strontium and mixtures thereof, at least one de-sensitizing agent
and at least one source of phosphate. The composition can produce a
longer-lasting, collapsible foam structure with enhanced whitening
action. The foamable composition can also be a one-component
multi-phase system. A two component composition can be packed in a
two-compartment syringe. The syringe can also be fitted with a
dispensing tip which may or may not have a static mixer.
Inventors: |
Giniger; Martin S.; (Pompano
Beach, OR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Giniger; Martin S. |
Pompano Beach |
OR |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
36944319 |
Appl. No.: |
15/057947 |
Filed: |
March 1, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11355924 |
Feb 15, 2006 |
9271902 |
|
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15057947 |
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60653421 |
Feb 15, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 2800/88 20130101;
A61K 2800/882 20130101; A61K 8/19 20130101; A61K 8/046 20130101;
A61K 8/24 20130101; A61Q 11/00 20130101; A61K 2800/52 20130101;
A61K 8/90 20130101; A61K 2800/49 20130101; A61K 8/22 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/22 20060101
A61K008/22; A61K 8/90 20060101 A61K008/90; A61K 8/19 20060101
A61K008/19; A61Q 11/00 20060101 A61Q011/00; A61K 8/04 20060101
A61K008/04; A61K 8/24 20060101 A61K008/24 |
Claims
1. A foamable two-component tooth whitening composition comprising:
a first component comprising at least one peroxide compound, and at
least one carrier; and a second component comprising at least one
foaming agent; wherein the two components combine to form a foam
having a halflife of from about 2 to about 60 minutes; wherein the
foam collapses into a liquid.
2. The foamable composition of claim 1 wherein said peroxide
compound comprises metal ion free peroxide compounds.
3. The foamable composition of claim 1 wherein said peroxide
compound is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
peroxide, urea peroxide (carbamide peroxide), calcium peroxide,
glyceryl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and mixtures thereof.
4. The foamable composition of claim 1 wherein the peroxide
compound is present from about 1% by weight to about 45% by weight
of the first component.
5. The foamable composition of claim 1 wherein the peroxide
compound is present from about 5% by weight to about 35% by weight
of the first component.
6. The foamable composition of claim 1 wherein said foaming agent
is selected from the group consisting of surfactants, alkali metal
carbonates and bicarbonates, gas and mixtures thereof.
7. The foamable composition of claim 6 wherein said surfactant
comprises ionic and non-ionic surfactants.
8. The foamable composition of claim 7 wherein said surfactant is
selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate,
phospholipids, low viscosity poloxamers, hydroxyethyl cellulose
4000-5000 CPS, and polysorbates.
9. The foamable composition of claim 1 wherein said foaming agent
comprises of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic component.
10. The foamable composition of claim 1 wherein said first
component further comprises an acidic compound selected from the
group consisting of water soluble carboxylic acids, nitric acid,
phosphoric acids and mixtures thereof.
11. The foamable composition of claim 1 further comprising a foam
stabilizer selected from group consisting of acidic compounds,
xanthan gums, hydroxyethyl cellulose, low viscosity thickeners, and
mixtures thereof.
12. The foamable composition of claim 1 further comprising an
ingredient selected from the group consisting of peroxide
stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavorings, coloring agents, anti-plaque
agents, anti-staining compounds, emollients, preservatives,
antioxidants, chelating agents, tonicity modifiers, spreading
agents, alcohols, pH adjusting agents, water soluble lubricants,
and mixtures thereof.
13. The foamable composition of claim 1 further comprising at least
one source of phosphate in the first component and at least one
source of calcium, strontium, or combinations thereof in the second
component.
14. The foamable composition of claim 13 wherein the source of
phosphate in the first component is selected from the group
consisting of monosodium phosphate (NAH2PO4), disodium phosphate,
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and mixtures thereof.
15. The foamable composition of claim 13 wherein the source of
phosphate in the first component is present in an amount of from
about 0.2% to about 5% by weight.
16. The foamable composition of claim 13 wherein the source of
calcium or strontium, or combinations thereof in the second
component comprises a calcium salt, a strontium salt, or mixtures
thereof.
17. The foamable composition of claim 13 wherein said source of
calcium in the second component comprises calcium nitrate.
18. The foamable composition of claim 13 wherein said source of
calcium, strontium or combinations thereof in the second component
comprises an amount of from about 0.25% by weight to about 1.5% by
weight.
19. The foamable composition of claim 13 wherein said source of
phosphate in the first component combines with the source of
calcium, strontium or combinations thereof in the second component
to form various amorphous calcium and/or strontium phosphates.
20. The foamable composition of claim 13 wherein the source of
phosphate acts as a pH adjuster.
21-74. (canceled)
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] The present invention relates to improvements in tooth
treatment compositions. In particular, this invention relates to
whitening compositions in a form that is capable of delivering fast
whitening action.
[0002] The coronal portion of the tooth consists of enamel, dentin
and the pulp. In the mouth of humans, the enamel is coated with an
acquired pellicle. The tooth structures that are generally
responsible for presenting a stained appearance are enamel, dentin,
and the acquired pellicle. Tooth enamel is predominantly formed
from inorganic material, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite
crystals, and further contains approximately 5% organic material
primarily in the form of collagen. In contrast, dentin is composed
of about 20% protein including collagen, the balance consisting of
inorganic material, predominantly hydroxyapatite crystals, similar
to that found in enamel. The acquired pellicle is a proteinaceous
layer or matrix that forms continuously over the surface of the
tooth. Although the acquired pellicle can be removed through
intensive mechanical cleaning, it quickly regenerates soon
thereafter.
[0003] Discoloration of teeth can result from intrinsic and/or
extrinsic staining. Intrinsic staining occurs when staining
compounds penetrate the enamel and even the dentin, or
alternatively, such staining arises from sources within the tooth.
Typically such staining can only be removed through chemical
methods of tooth cleaning. Some dentifrices, like toothpastes,
gels, and powders, contain active oxygen or hydrogen peroxide
liberating bleaching agents including peroxides, percarbonates and
perborates of the alkali and alkaline earth metals or complex
compounds containing hydrogen peroxide.
[0004] Commonly used dental bleaching agent include hydrogen
peroxide, carbamide peroxide (CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.2), or
urea hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide carbamide, and
perhydrol-urea. Carbamides and hydrogen peroxides are used in
over-the-counter compositions as well as bleaching gels are
dispensed by dentists and commonly dispensed ones include those
containing hydrogen peroxide (available as "DayWhite" from Discus
Dental, Inc.) and those containing a mixture of hydrogen peroxide
and carbamide peroxide (available as "NiteWhite", also from Discus
Dental, Inc.).
[0005] Some prior art discloses the use of concentrated
carboxypolymethylene compositions for producing a matrix material
having a sufficiently high viscosity, low solubility in saliva, and
is sufficiently tacky to retain and hold a dental tray positioned
over the patient's teeth for a period greater than about 2 hours
without any significant mechanical pressure from the dental tray so
as to provide for the dental bleaching agent to be in contact with
the tooth surfaces thereby providing bleaching of the tooth
surfaces.
[0006] The amount of whitening obtained during tooth bleaching is
dependent upon (1) the length of time each day the tray is worn;
(2) the number of days the tray is worn; (3) the susceptibility of
the teeth to the bleaching agent and (4) the concentration of
active peroxides. For maximum whitening, an accelerated treatment
time of approximately 18-20 hours per day is recommended.
[0007] The prolonged period needed for effective bleaching can be
time consuming. Thus, any whitening system that can potentially
reduce the time factor is desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention relates to whitening compositions in a
form that is capable of delivering faster whitening action.
[0009] The present invention comprises a 2-component foamable
composition having a first component comprising at least one
peroxide compound; and a second component comprising at least one
foaming agent; wherein the two components combine to form a foam
having a half life of from about 2 to about 60 minutes.
[0010] The present invention also comprises a 2-component foamable
composition comprising a first component comprising at least one
peroxide compound in an aqueous solution; and a second component
comprising at least one foaming agent in solid form.
[0011] The present invention further comprises a one-component,
multi-phase, foamable composition comprising at least one peroxide
compound in an aqueous phase and at least one foaming agent in an
oil phase, wherein the two phases combine to form a foam having a
half life of from about 2 to about 60 minutes.
[0012] Still further, the present invention comprises a foamable
one-component composition comprising at least one peroxide
compound, wherein the resultant foam has a half life of from about
2 to about 60 minutes.
[0013] Furthermore, the present invention comprises a 2-component
foamable composition having a first component comprising at least
one peroxide compound in an aqueous solution and at least one
peroxide stabilizer in the form of an ion scavenger; and a second
component comprising at least one foaming agent and at least one
peroxide activator; wherein said activator promotes the rapid
decomposition of the peroxide compound and additional foaming
action not related to the foaming agent.
[0014] Additionally, the present invention comprises a
light-activatable, 2-component foamable composition having a first
component comprising at least one peroxide compound; and a second
component comprising at least one foaming agent and one lower
oxidative state transition metal salt; wherein the two components
combine to form a foam having a half life of from about 2 to about
60 minutes.
[0015] The present invention comprises yet a method of tooth
bleaching comprising: [0016] a. providing a whitening composition
in a one- or two-component system, said composition comprising at
least one peroxide compound and at least one foaming agent; [0017]
b. subjecting said whitening composition to a foaming action; and
[0018] c. applying said foam on a surface for bleaching.
[0019] The present invention comprises yet a method of tooth
bleaching comprising: [0020] a. providing a whitening composition
in a two-component system, a first component comprises at least one
peroxide compound and a second component comprises at least one
foaming agent; and [0021] b. dispensing said first and second
components through a manual dispenser to form a whitening foam.
[0022] The present invention comprises yet a method of tooth
bleaching comprising: [0023] a. providing a whitening composition
in a two-component system, a first component comprises at least one
peroxide compound and a second component comprises at least one
foaming agent; [0024] b. dispensing said first and second component
through a manual dispenser to form a foam onto a surface for
bleaching; and [0025] c. illuminating the surface with light.
[0026] In one aspect, the foamable composition is substantially
free of gelling agents, thickeners or other ingredients that will
tend to inhibit foaming.
[0027] In another aspect, the foamable composition comprises
ingredients capable of increasing the half life of the foam that is
generated. The stabilizer is, for example, added to facilitate the
formation of a water-soluble, longer-lasting, collapsible foam
structure.
[0028] In a further aspect, the first component of the foamable
composition comprises at least one source of calcium, strontium and
mixtures thereof and the second component comprises at least one
source of phosphate.
[0029] In yet a further aspect, the first component of the foamable
composition also comprises a de-sensitizing agent.
[0030] In yet an additional aspect of the invention, the foamable
composition comprises at least one peroxide activator.
[0031] In yet an additional aspect of the invention, the
two-component foamable composition contains peroxide compounds in
both components.
[0032] In yet an additional aspect of the invention, the foamable
composition comprises foam stabilizers.
[0033] In yet an additional aspect of the invention, the foamable
composition comprises peroxide activator.
[0034] In yet an additional aspect of the invention, the foamable
composition comprises at least one solvent suitable for
solubilizing stains.
[0035] In still yet another aspect of the invention, the
two-component foamable composition is provided in a double-barrel
syringe.
[0036] In still yet a further aspect of the invention, the
two-component foamable composition is provided in a double-barrel
pumpable dispenser. The pumpable dispenser can be provided with a
metering device for varying the proportion of each component in the
final foam. The metering device can be adjusted to produce ratios
of the two components of about 10:1 to 1:10.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0037] The Figure attached is an illustration of a measurement of
foam collapse over time.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] The detailed description set forth below is intended as a
description of the presently exemplified tooth bleaching
composition provided in accordance with aspects of the present
invention and is not intended to represent the only forms in which
the present invention may be prepared or utilized. The description
sets forth the features and the steps for preparing and using the
tooth bleaching compositions of the present invention. It is to be
understood, however, that the same or equivalent functions and
ingredients incorporated in the tooth bleaching compositions may be
accomplished by different embodiments that are also intended to be
encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention.
[0039] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although
any methods, devices and materials similar or equivalent to those
described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the
invention, the exemplified methods, devices and materials are now
described.
[0040] As used herein, a foaming agent includes an agent that can
aid in foam generation, a mechanical foaming action, an agent
capable of sustained foaming, an agent that generates a gas that
produces foaming, an agent that helps a composition to become
self-effervescent, or an agent that produces similar results.
[0041] Various means of whitening teeth are known. For example, the
most common professionally applied chairside method comprises
administering a light-activated gel under the supervision of a
dentist using a protocol of three (3) twenty minute applications.
Patients frequently become uncomfortable, agitated and/or bored
during such a procedure that typically lasts 1.5 to 2 hours when
all set-up and precautionary methods have been included. Also,
because of the length of exposure to both the gel and the light,
teeth and oral tissues can become irritated or experience a
transient hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, any improvement that can
result in decreased time, increased patient comfort and increase in
bleaching efficiency is desirable.
[0042] A foamable whitening composition of the present invention is
capable of delivering more efficient whitening action. The
composition can be either a two-component system or a
one-component, multi-phase system.
[0043] The composition comprises at least one peroxide component
which, for example, comprises metal ion free peroxide compounds.
Examples of suitable metal ion free peroxide compounds include
hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides including urea peroxide
(carbamide peroxide), salts of peroxides formed from the alkali and
alkaline earth metals, glyceryl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and the
like. Exemplified peroxides include hydrogen peroxide, carbamide
peroxide, calcium peroxide and mixtures thereof, with a few of the
examples being hydrogen peroxide or a mixture of hydrogen peroxide
and carbamide peroxide. The total peroxide present in the foamable
whitening composition, for example, ranges from about 1% by weight
to about 45% by weight of the composition, further fro example from
about 5% by weight to about 35% by weight of the composition.
Peroxide may also be present in both components of the
composition.
[0044] When hydrogen peroxide is used, it is usually provided as a
50% aqueous solution. When used alone, the amount of the hydrogen
peroxide aqueous solution in the first component ranges from, for
example, about 2% to about 90% (1% to 45% in the absence of water),
as noted above, further for example, the amount ranges from about
10% to about 60% (5% to 30% in the absence of water).
[0045] On the other hand, when carbamide peroxide is used, it is,
for example, used in combination with hydrogen peroxide, though it
can be used alone. When used in combination, the carbamide peroxide
is generally present in an amount from, for example, about 0% by
weight to about 40% by weight, and, further for example, in an
amount from about 3% to about 35% by weight. At the same time,
hydrogen peroxide, generally provided as a 50% aqueous solution, is
present in an amount of from, for example, about 1% to about 30%
(0.5% to 15% in the absence of water); further for example, in an
amount of about 5% to about 30% (2.5% to 15% in the absence of
water).
[0046] It is well established that peroxides such as hydrogen
peroxide, carbamide peroxide, and salts of peroxides formed from
the alkali and alkaline earth metals, readily attack and oxidize
organic molecules that comprise the stains in discolored teeth. It
is also well established that such oxidizing activity can be
accelerated by the addition of heat, light and/or chemicals,
specifically chemicals that can raise the pH of the peroxide
environment. A possible dissertation of the exact mechanisms is
discussed in prior work found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,116,900, "Binary
energizer and peroxide delivery system for dental bleaching" which
is herein incorporated by reference.
[0047] In addition to the addition of heat, light and/or chemicals,
the amount of whitening obtained during tooth bleaching is
generally dependent upon (1) the length of time the teeth is in
contact with the whitening agent; (2) the number of days the
treatment is carried out; (3) the susceptibility of the teeth to
the bleaching agent; and (4) concentration of active peroxide, as
noted above. For maximum whitening, a long treatment time with a
highly concentrated bleaching composition is generally
recommended.
[0048] Bleaching activity of a peroxide compound is generally
dictated by the availability of active peroxides. When peroxide is
present in solution, active peroxides are readily available.
However, a solution, by its nature, is not easily contained, and/or
not amenable for sustain action when applied to a patient's teeth,
again because it is difficult to confine it to any desired
location. Thus, a less concentrated peroxide solution requiring
longer contact time to be effective is not practical, while a more
concentrated solution of peroxide, though more efficient in
bleaching, still does not solve the confinement problem, and any
concentrated solution coming into contact with soft tissue inside a
patient's mouth can potentially cause tissue damage. Therefore, to
maintain effective bleaching without potential tissue damage,
various gelling agents, thickeners and adhesion promoters are used
to form paste, gels, and similar forms to achieve prolong contact
effects. Unfortunately, such additives used to achieve prolong
contact also help to decrease the bleaching activity of peroxides
by inhibiting the availability of active peroxides. For example,
bleaching gels usually contain thickeners derived from polymers of
acrylic acid (carbomer), pyrrolidone analog thickeners, or others,
all lead to diminish the whitening capacity of peroxides through
ionic and covalent interactions within the gel, and thus act
against the desired effect of tooth whitening.
[0049] A foamable composition of the present invention on the other
hand, can solve the problems encountered by gels and the like. A
foamed composition is manageable during use, is capable of
delivering high concentration of peroxide without confinement
problems, while at the same time will not seriously inhibit the
availability of active peroxides. The foamed composition can also
seek to fill crevices and gaps between enamel rods. Foam also has
the ability to drain into and seep into gaps where gaps are not
apparent, thus offering effective whitening action not only to the
front surface of a tooth, but surfaces in-between teeth as well. A
viscous composition that cannot flow between the enamel rods, and
thickeners that inhibit the availability of active peroxides for
tooth whitening, the present invention provides all the benefits
not currently available to other whitening systems.
[0050] Aqueous solutions and gels without foaming action or
surfactants tend to hold drops of water together as they try to
become spherical, which is the reason why water tends to flow in
tendrils rather than in sheets. At the atomic level, surface
tension is seen as a macro effect of unbalanced electrical forces
at the surface of the liquid, the same electrical forces that hold
the molecules of the liquid together and keep it from evaporating.
Within the body of a typical aqueous solution or gel, there are
lots of molecules in all directions, and electrical forces are
balanced on the average. A molecule is pulled equally in all
directions by neighboring molecules, resulting in no net force on
it. On the surface, however, there are only a scant few air
molecules to counteract the pull of the liquid below. The result is
an inward-directed force pulling on a molecule near the surface,
ultimately forming an electrical armor that envelops the liquid
like an ultra thin skin. Thus, it is easy to see that non-foaming
bleaching gels tend to hold on to their active ingredients. Water
molecules near the surface of gels intensify and magnify the
surface tension, resulting in a so called "skin" effect by aligning
to form a type of "elastic electrical force field" that seals and
shields the surface even more. The shape of the water molecule
leaves one of its ends with a slightly positive charge and the
other end with slightly negative. Because of this electrical
asymmetry (known as polarization), the negative and positive ends
of adjacent molecules attract one another, creating a weak but
significant physical bond. Energy is then required to stretch and
break the bonds, and spreading out the liquid would mean that some
of the bonds have to be broken. In this manner, most of the active
peroxide molecules in a typical bleaching gel have difficulty
escaping from the bondage to cause teeth whitening.
[0051] Foams in general have lower surface tension than their
liquid solution counterparts prior to foaming and can therefore be
spread as thin as one molecule thick sheets, while at the same time
increasing its surface area. Thus, it is clear that the foamable
composition of the present invention have advantages over gels and
solutions. Without wishing to be bound to a theory, it is surmised
that active peroxides can be captured inside the bubbles of foams.
As the bubbles collapse, the active peroxide agent is released to
perform whitening actions. Also, the foamed bubbles, through the
forces of capillary action and lowered surface tension, are also
wetting agents, a bleaching solution can penetrate through smaller
openings by weakening the electrically charged "skin of surface
tension" typically found in aqueous solutions and gels. The rapid
penetration into the tightest spots is also aided by the
distribution of bubble sizes and shapes. Thus, foams can cause
deeper penetration of active peroxide molecules. Additionally,
foaming agents increase the adhesion of a liquid to a solid surface
by allowing it to spread over a greater surface area.
[0052] It is further surmised that aside from the ability to lower
surface tension, foams can also act to propel the active peroxide
molecules toward the teeth and also act as a molecular "Lint
Roller" to grab stains and lift them off of tooth surfaces.
[0053] Thus, the composition comprises at least one foaming agent.
Different categories of foaming agents are suitable, and they may
produce foams in different ways. Suitable foaming agents can
include certain surfactants such as anionic, nonionic, amphoteric,
zwitterionic, cationic, and mixtures thereof.
[0054] Some of these many kinds of surfactants aid in foam
formation and some do not. Some surfactants are useful purely for
their foaming properties alone, some act only as emulsifiers or
wetting agents without foaming, and some even act to reduce
foaming.
[0055] Anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to
water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates having from 8 to 20 carbon
atoms in the alkyl radical (e.g., sodium alkyl sulfate),
water-soluble salts of sulfonated monoglycerides of fatty acids
having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof. Examples of
anionic surfactants include Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium coconut
monoglyceride sulfonates, phospholipids, sarcosinates, such as
sodium lauryl sarcosinate, taurates, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate,
sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium laureth carboxylate, and sodium
dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Many of these anionic surfactants are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,959,458, the content of which is
incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
[0056] Nonionic surfactants can include, but are not limited, to
compounds comprising a hydrophilic and hydrophobic components
(which maybe produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups
(hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound which
may be aliphatic or alkyl-aromatic in nature). Examples of suitable
nonionic surfactants include low viscosity poloxamers (under trade
name Pluronic), low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose, polysorbates,
polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (under trade name Tweens), fatty
alcohol ethoxylates, polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl
phenols, products derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide
with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine,
ethylene oxide condensates of aliphatic alcohols, long chain
tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides, long
chain dialkyl sulfoxides, and mixtures thereof.
[0057] Amphoteric surfactants can include, but are not limited to
derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the
aliphatic component can be a straight chain or branched and one of
the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon
atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g.,
carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, phosphonate, betaines,
specifically cocamidopropyl betaine, and mixtures thereof. Many of
these nonionic and amphoteric surfactants are disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,051,234, the content of which is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
[0058] In the present invention, some of the surfactants used
include, for example, those that not only have foaming
capabilities, but also those with the ability to act as wetting
agents.
[0059] Actually, any asymmetrical molecule dissolved in water will
make at least a weak surfactant. Such weak surfactants may normally
not be an effective foaming agent, but its effectiveness can be
improved if a foaming dispenser is used. Asymmetrical molecules as
used herein include those that contain a hydrophilic (water-loving)
and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) segment. One end of the molecule
is thus polar in nature and dissolves in water, while the other end
is nonpolar in nature, avoids water and dissolves in oil and other
nonpolar compounds. When in water, surfactant molecules aim their
polar ends at the water molecules, leaving the nonpolar ends
sticking out like little electromagnets to attract nonpolar
molecules. It is surmised that in a foamable composition of the
present invention, the polar ends eject active peroxide molecules
like a rifle, and the non-polar ends lift tooth surface stain
molecules like a chemical "lint roller" that loosens, breaks up and
holds them onto the polar molecules, allowing them to be washed
away with the water.
[0060] The amount of foaming agents can range, for example, from
about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the foamable composition,
further for example, it can range from about 0.5% to about 3% by
weight, and still further for example, it can be less than about 1%
by weight.
[0061] Still other foaming agents can include reaction products of
any effervescent compound with an acid. The effervescent compound
is, for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal
carbonate or bicarbonate, such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium
bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. The One of
the examples is sodium bicarbonate. The amount used can range, for
example, from about 1% to about 10% by weight, further for example,
from about 3% to about 7%, still further for example, from about
3.5 to about 5.5% by weight of the composition. The amount used
depends on the volume of foam required, the desired pH and the
desired diffusional or proper osmotic activity of the foam to be
formed.
[0062] Generally, the ratio of acid and effervescent compound
ranges from, for example, about 1:0.5 to 1:25, further for example,
from 1:1 to 1:4, by weight. Examples of suitable acids include
water soluble carboxylic acids such as nitric, citric, lactic,
tartaric, succinic, glycolic, malonic, oxalic, malic, fumaric,
maleic, or acetic acid, and phosphoric acids. A few of the examples
include 85% phosphoric acid, citric acid or tartaric acid, in an
amount of from, for example, about 0.5% to about 5%, further for
example, from about 1% to about 3% by weight of the
composition.
[0063] Additionally, a foaming agent can also be a gaseous
material. The gaseous material can be any inert gas or the gas can
be generated by mixing a basic peroxide solution with an acid
solution comprising a potassium salt such as potassium bromide or
potassium chloride.
[0064] Since the whitening activity results when active peroxide
comes into contact with the tooth, the foams generated, for
example, are not too long lasting, but have a substantive body so
that the amount of liquid formed, i.e., the collapsing of the foam
bubbles to release active peroxide can be controlled and balanced.
Therefore, the preferred compositions are not only foamable, but
are also capable of producing longer lasting, collapsible
foams.
[0065] The foams generally have half lives of, for example, from
about 2 to 60 minutes, further for example, of at least about 5 to
30. A foam having a half life of 5 minutes means that 50% of the
bubbles would collapse to release the encapsulated whitening agent,
or that the volume of the foam is reduced by 50% in about 5 minutes
after formation, and 75% of all the bubbles are gone, or the volume
of the foam is reduced by 75% in about 10 minutes.
[0066] The collapse time or half lives of the foam depends on a
number of factors. For example, the greater the amount of bubbles
formed, the longer the collapse time. Also, the lower the viscosity
of the stabilizer, the shorter the collapse time. The collapse time
also depends on the nature of the other additives to the
composition, which have surface active properties e.g., surfactants
or preservatives.
[0067] The longer lasting foams can, for example, be generated by
including a foam stabilizer in the composition. The foam stabilizer
is, for example, a hydrogel-like mixture of gum and water. For
example, the viscosity of a solution thickened with the stabilizer
remains substantially the same in a wide pH range and is relatively
independent of ionic strength and the thickener can be, for
example, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose having about 1000-5000
cps, or and thereof. The advantage of xanthan gum is that
compositions containing it can have a low viscosity at high shear
rates, and are thus relatively easy to pump, spray or spread.
Xanthan gum also exhibits a high viscosity at low shear rates, thus
preventing the composition from dripping or flowing into places
where it is not wanted. Thus, in addition to good stabilization of
foams, it also gives it the substantive body needed. Xanthan gum is
also widely used in the food industry and thus is safe for
consumption.
[0068] The stabilizer is, for example, used in such concentrations
that solutions or dispersions containing it in its pre-swelled form
have viscosities as measured by Rotational Viscometer CSR-10a of
within the range of, for example, less than about 50 cps, further
for example, less than about 20 cps, still further for example,
less than about 10 cps. The concentration of stabilizers can range,
for example, from about 0.1 to about 10%, further for example, from
about 0.5 to about 5%, still further for example, less than about
1% by weight of the composition. When xanthan gum is used, it is,
for example, present from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight of the
composition. When hydroxyethyl cellulose is present, it is, for
example, ranging from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight of the
composition.
[0069] Surprisingly, the acidic compounds mentioned above,
including tartaric, citric, nitric or phosphoric acid, if present,
can also act as suitable stabilizers. The amount of acidic compound
stabilizers, for example, ranges from about 0.1% to about 2% by
weight of the composition.
[0070] For example, the time before 50% of the foam collapses is
sufficiently long so that the teeth can be about 7 to about 8
shades lighter than their original tooth shade after three (3)
applications of, for example, about 5 to about 10 minute duration
when used in a photo-bleaching mode in a dental office setting. The
advantage of the collapsibility of the foam formed by the
composition of the present invention is that it collapses in a
liquid of low viscosity, low surface tension and high ability to
penetrate between teeth and between enamel rods, thus giving the
bleaching composition the best opportunity to rapidly cause teeth
whitening. On the other hand, the advantage of stable foams will
insure that their adherence to teeth is better and thus will not
running off or have to be constantly reapplied. Also the greater
the volume of the foam, the higher the concentration of peroxide
that can be used to cause rapid whitening of teeth without causing
soft or hard tissue sensitivity issues. The ideal foam
stability/collapsibility can also be easily adjusted according to
customer desire.
[0071] For example, if present, any thickener also has a low
viscosity so as not to inhibit the availability of active
peroxides. The viscosity is generally, for example, less than about
1000 cps, further for example, less than about 500 cps, and further
for example, less than about 100 cps and as fluid as less than 50
cps.
[0072] The second component in the two-component composition of the
present invention can also comprise at least one foaming agent in
solid form. The ingredients in solid form, for example can comprise
Pluronic F68, Sodium Carbonate anhydrous, Sodium Bicarbonate,
potassium iodide and mixtures thereof.
[0073] Further for example, foaming agents can comprise foamable
surfactants including at least some difunctional block copolymer
surfactant, such as those having terminal groups of primary
hydroxyl groups, as well as those comprising a hydrophobic and a
hydrophilic segment. Examples include Pluronic F68, Pluronic F88
and mixtures thereof.
[0074] As noted above, the composition of the present invention
also comprises a single-component, multi-phase, foamable
composition comprising at least one peroxide compound in an aqueous
phase and at least one foaming agent in an oil phase. It is a
well-known phenomenon that oil and water in general do not mix, and
it is also a well-known phenomenon that they can be made to mix
with the aid of foaming surfactants. Thus, upon mixing, the
two-phases can combine to form a longer-lasting, collapsible foam.
When a preferred surfactant is used, the surfactant emulsifies and
disperses the liquid by lowering the surface tension of both oil
and water in order to effectively mix them together. Examples of
solid surfactants are also difunctional block copolymer
surfactants, similar to those listed above, including those having
terminal groups of primary hydroxyl groups, as well as those
comprising a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic segment. Examples
include Pluronic F68, Pluronic F88 and mixtures thereof.
[0075] As discussed above, substantivity, i.e. the ability of a
product to linger, is a desirable property in any whitening
composition. On the other hand when the desired property of a
product is the ability to be rinsed off easily, a foaming
surfactant would not be used. However, there is a desire in a
whitening composition for both substantivity and the ability to be
rinsed off easily. When this is needed, foams generated in a
"foaming pump" can be used. Foaming pumps again can produce foams
with all the desirable properties, while using a minimum of amount
of surfactants, for example, of less than about 1.0%.
[0076] The composition of the present invention can also include
other active ingredients, such as peroxide activators,
de-sensitizing agents, re-mineralizing agents, and fluoridating
agents.
[0077] The addition of peroxide activators can also increase the
photobleaching efficiency of the foamable compositions of the
present invention. Suitable peroxide activators comprises lower
oxidative state transition metal salt. The metal salt catalyzes the
bleaching action of the peroxide to produce faster effective
bleaching at lower peroxide concentrations. The preferred
transition metals are those of lower atomic numbers including lower
atomic number transition metals such as those ranging from atomic
number 21 to 30. Also, those with lower oxidative states are also
more preferred, including Iron(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II),
copper(II) and mixtures thereof, and most preferably Iron(II).
[0078] When used, only a very small amount of the transition metal
salt is needed, for example, from about 0.01% by weight to about 4%
by weight, further for example, from about 0.03% by weight to about
2% by weight, and even further for example, from about 0.04% to
about 1% by weight.
[0079] The peroxide activator can also include alkali salts such as
potassium iodide, potassium chloride, sodium iodine, sodium
chloride and combinations thereof.
[0080] Even with improved efficiency and shorter treatment time,
some patients may still experience sensitivity. Suitable
desensitizing agents can include alkali nitrates such as potassium
nitrate, sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate; and other potassium
salts such as potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate.
Preferably, potassium nitrate is used. The percent of desensitizing
agent can be present up to about, for example, 5 percent by weight,
further for example, up to about 4 percent by weight, and even
further for example, up to about 3 percent by weight.
[0081] Amorphous calcium compounds such as amorphous calcium
phosphate (ACP), amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (ACPF) and
amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate (ACCP) amorphous calcium
carbonate phosphate (ACCP), and amorphous calcium carbonate
phosphate fluoride (ACCPF) can be used in remineralizing teeth.
These amorphous compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,037,639, 5,268,167, 5,437,857, 5,562,895, 6,000,341, and
6,056,930, the disclosure of each is hereby incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
[0082] In addition to amorphous calcium compounds, amorphous
strontium compounds such as amorphous strontium phosphate (ASP),
amorphous strontium phosphate fluoride (ASPF), amorphous strontium
calcium phosphate (ASCP), amorphous strontium calcium carbonate
phosphate (ASCCP), amorphous strontium carbonate phosphate fluoride
(ASCPF) and amorphous strontium calcium carbonate phosphate
fluoride (ASCCPF) for use in re-mineralization, as noted above.
These compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,534,244, the
content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
[0083] Some of the compounds above can also be used in fluoridating
teeth. All of the above amorphous compounds or solutions which form
the amorphous compounds, when applied either onto or into dental
tissue prevent and/or repair dental weaknesses such as dental
caries, exposed roots and dentin sensitivity.
[0084] For example, the first component of the whitening system
comprises a source of phosphate and the second component comprises
a source of calcium or strontium.
[0085] For example, the source of phosphate in the first component
includes monosodium phosphate (NAH.sub.2PO.sub.4), disodium
phosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and thereof. As discussed
above, the second component, for example, comprises a source of
calcium or strontium, which, when the two gel components are mixed,
combines with phosphate to form the various amorphous calcium
and/or strontium phosphates.
[0086] The source of phosphate is, for example, present in an
amount of from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, further for
example, between about 0.2% to about 4% by weight.
[0087] The source of calcium, strontium or combinations thereof in
the second component, for example, comprises a calcium salt, a
strontium salt, and thereof, further fro example, a calcium salt
such as calcium nitrate, in an amount of from about 0.25% by weight
to about 1.5% by weight, for example, about 0.3% to about 1% by
weight.
[0088] When the two components are mixed, the source of phosphate
and the source of calcium, strontium or mixture can combine to form
calcium phosphate. When applied to the teeth, the calcium phosphate
can precipitate onto the surface of the teeth where it may be
incorporated into hydroxyapatite, assisting in remineralization of
the tooth enamel, as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,037,639,
5,268,167, 5,460,803, 5,534,244, 5,562,895, 6,000,341, and
6,056,930, noted above.
[0089] In practice, it is preferred to include as much phosphate as
possible, as the phosphate salt further acts to adjust the pH of
the first component. The pH of the system is from, for example,
about 5 to about 8, further for example, from about 5.5 to about
6.5.
[0090] In addition, optional additives including emulsifiers,
flavorings, coloring agents, anti-plaque agents, anti-staining
compounds, excipients such as emollients, preservatives, other
types of stabilizers such as antioxidants, chelating agents,
tonicity modifiers (e.g. sodium chloride, manitol, sorbitol or
glucose), spreading agents, pH adjusting agents and water soluble
lubricants, e.g. propylene glycol, glycerol or polyethylene glycol.
The concentration of each may easily be determined by a person
skilled in the art.
[0091] Lecithin, a natural emulsifier found in soy and other
plants, and gum arabic, which comes from the sap of certain species
of acacia trees, can also be used as emulsifier, dispersant and
wetting agents of the present invention.
[0092] Suitable preservatives include benzalkonium chloride,
parabens, chlorhexidine acetate, chlorhexidine gluconate, sorbic
acid, potassium sorbitol, chlorbutanol and phenoxyethanol.
[0093] For increasing peroxide stability during storage, a 3%
di-sodium EDTA may be added to the peroxide component.
Alternatively, stability may be enhanced by storing the product in
a dark, cool, dry place or refrigerated. An acidic mixture also
helps to stabilize the peroxide.
[0094] Suitable emollients are those used for topical applications
e.g. di-n-octyl ether, fatty alcohol polyalkylene glycol ether,
2-ethylhexyl palmitate, and isopropyl fatty acid esters. The
emollient, if used, is preferably dispersed in the same part as the
stabilizer.
[0095] In packaging the tooth whitening composition of the present
invention, any convenient means for effecting the separation of the
two components before use can be utilized in addition to
encapsulating the components in a multi-phase environment. For
example, a single container can be compartmentalized so that the
two components are housed in separate compartments and are
dispensed simultaneously and admixed prior to application on the
teeth. Alternatively, the two components can be contained in
separate containers from which the respective phases are dispensed
for admixture just prior to use. The containers can also comprise
static mixers. An exemplary packaging is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,819,988, 6,065,645, 6,394,314, 6,564,972 and 6,698,622,
incorporate herein by reference.
[0096] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the
two components are provided in separate chambers of a dual-barrel
syringe. Immediately before use, the two components are mixed
together in a, for example, 1:2 to a 5:1 ratio (first component to
second component) by actuating the syringe, further for example,
the gels are mixed in the 1:1 ratio. The admixed whitening gel is
applied to the surface of the teeth directly from the syringe.
Other combinations of the components are contemplated by the
present invention, depending on the % variation of ingredients
present in each component.
[0097] In addition, any of the dispensers can also be fitted with a
metering device for varying the proportion of each component in the
final foam. The metering device can be adjusted to produce ratios
of the two components of about 10:1 to 1:10. The device can be in
the form of a dispensing system features a measuring mechanism that
connects to two separate, interlocking bottles. By rotating the
dispenser head, a precise mixing ratio of blended ingredients can
be attained. Specifically, a dispenser head comprises two pumps
that offer varying proportions of volumetric dispensing that can be
individually actuated in precise relationship to the positioning of
the interior disc. This interior disc can be positioned precisely
or locked into a specific ratio by rotating the dispenser head. The
nozzle for metering dual dispenser pump bottle can either be a
configuration in which both components are mixed with a static
mixer incorporated within its tip or a two-opening configuration
where the components are not mixed until application. The use of
metering devices can result in improved manufacturing efficiency,
as fewer concentrations need to be made and the final concentration
can be easily adjusted.
[0098] The present invention is further described by the following
examples:
EXAMPLES
Example 1
[0099] Ingredients for making this exemplary composition according
to the invention are set out in Table 1 below. They were prepared
as follows: [0100] Component 1 (acidic) was prepared by dissolving
0.8 grams of Pluronic F68 in 10 ml of water, followed by the
addition of 0.5 grams of Potassium Hydroxide and 0.8 grams
detergent with stirring using a lab mixer at room temperature. Then
the mixture was acidified by adding 3 milliliters of 10% nitric
acid and 3 grams of tartaric acid w/stirring, at 500 rpm at room
temperature. The entire solution was diluted to 100 ml by adding 80
milliliters of a 50% Superoxol solution (50% hydrogen peroxide),
followed by addition of 1 gram of Potassium Nitrate and stirred
until thinned to a creamy white color. Next, 1.5 grams of Eugenol
was then added as an antibacterial agent, 2 0 milliliters of mint
flavoring was added to give a pleasant smell, and 0.5 grams of
Calcium Nitrate was also added. The mixture pH was checked. A pH
range of about 1.5 to about 2.5 was obtained through adjusting with
either a 10% nitric acid or potassium hydroxide. The entire mixture
was agitated at room temperature under vacuum for 30 minutes. The
resulting acidic low-viscosity solution (30 cps) was poured into
the other 50 ml compartment of the two-chamber metering pump
dispenser. [0101] Component 2 (basic) was prepared by adding 0.10
grams of potassium hydroxide and 0.50 grams of potassium iodide to
50 milliliters of distilled water, followed by the addition of 0.8
grams of detergent and 0.8 grams of foam stabilizer with stirring
using a stand mixer set at 750 rpm at room temperature until a
homogenous light hydrogel was formed. Then 38 milliliters of 1%
Calcium Peroxide suspension and 2 milliliters of glycerin were
added and blended until the mixture thinned and appeared clear and
smooth. Then 2 grams of sodium carbonate was slowly added, followed
by slow addition of 3 grams of sodium phosphate dihydrate, 1 gram
of sodium bicarbonate and 0.10 grams of Disodium Phosphate. For
photo activation purposes, 1.25 milliliters of 3.33% ferrous
gluconate solution was added while mixing at 200 rpm and then at
500 rpm. For aesthetic purposes, 1 ml of FD&C Green #2 was also
added. The pH was checked and adjusted with Potassium Hydroxide to
a pH range of 10.2 to 11.2. Finally more distilled water was added
to bring the entire solution to 100 ml. To disperse and hydrate the
stabilizer, and to degas any bubble formed, this component was
agitated at room temperature under vacuum for 20 minutes. The
resulting low viscosity solution (48 cps) was poured into one 50 ml
chambers of one of the metering pump dispensers.
TABLE-US-00001 [0101] TABLE 1 Component 1 Chemical/IUPAC/ Available
Ingredient AMT "real" name From Purpose H20 50.00 mL same N/A
carrier/ solvent KI 0.50 g same Spectrum peroxide Chemical
activator KOH 0.10 g same Spectrum pH modifier Chemical PLURONIC
0.80 g poloxamer 188 BASF foamer F68 TYLOSE 0.80 g Hydroxyethyl
Clariant thickener H4000* cellulose 1% CaO2 40.00 mL calcium
Spectrum peroxide Suspension peroxide Chemical source suspended in
water Glycerin 2.00 mL same Spectrum humectant, Chemical carrier,
viscosity modifier Sodium 1.00 g same Spectrum effervescent
Carbonate Chemical component Sodium 1.50 g same Spectrum pH buffer
Phosphate Chemical and phos- Dihydrate phate source Baking Soda
2.00 g sodium Spectrum effervescent bicarbonate Chemical component
DiSodium 0.50 g same Spectrum pH buffer Phosphate Chemical and
phos- Monohydrate phate source FeGluconate 1.25 mL ferrous Spectrum
peroxide gluconate Chemical photoacti- vator FDC Green #2 1.0 mL
FD&C Green Warner colorant No. 2 Jenkins Component 2
Chemical/IUPAC Available Ingredient Amount "real" name from Purpose
H20 9.00 mL same N/A carrier/ solvent PLURONIC 0.80 g poloxamer 188
BASF foamer F68 KOH 0.50 g same Spectrum pH modifier Chemical
TYLOSE 0.80 g Hydroxyethyl Clariant thickener R4000* cellulose HNO3
10% 3.00 mL same Spectrum pH modifier Chemical Tartaric Acid 1.0 g
same Spectrum foam Chemical stabilizer 50% H2O2 80.00 mL same
Atofina peroxide source KN03 1.00 g same Spectrum stabilizer -
Chemical sensitivity reliever EUGENOL 1.50 mL same Junbunz-
stabilizer - lauer sensitivity reliever MINT 2.00 mL distilled
S&S flavor, peppermint Flavors scent and oil stabilizer
CaN0.sub.3.cndot.(H.sub.20).sub.4 0.50 g same Spectrum Calcium
Chemical source ethanol 1.50 mL same Spectrum solvent Chemical
KOH/HNO3 QS to pH same Spectrum pH modifier 2.0 Chemical
[0102] The metering dial of the pump dispenser was set so that 50%
of each component was dispensed simultaneously and mixed through a
nozzle containing a static mixer into a 20 ml plastic weighed boat.
The plunger was actuated 6 times for dispensing 5 0 milliliters
into the weighed boat. Further mixing of both components occurred
by swirling the mixture for about 5 to about 10 seconds with a
small disposable dental nylon applicator brush within the plastic
well. The foam produced was poured into a measuring cylinder. The
volume of the expanded foam was measured and its collapse with time
was monitored.
The test results are as follows: [0103] Foam volume, collapse rate
and pH
[0104] 4 ml of each component was used and it took approximately 10
seconds to actuate the dispenser 10 times. A maximum volume of 75
ml was obtained 3 minutes after the last discharge. After 7
minutes, the volume had decreased to 35 ml, and after 10 minutes
the volume had decreased to 20 ml. It took 30 minutes before the
foam collapsed completely. An example of collapse rate is s shown
in the Figure (entitled "Measurement of Foam Collapse Over Time"
found illustrated in the attached drawing sheet). The pH of the
foam was 8.2.
[0105] The amount of fluid used above was 3 ml from each chamber
(6.0 ml total), and the total number of strokes of actuator was 6.
The volume expansion went from 6 ml to 75 ml.
Example 2
[0106] This was made in a similar way as Example 1, except with
different ingredients, as shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Component 1 100 mL (basic) Water 93 mL
Potassium Hydroxide 0.7 grams Potassium Iodide 0.9 grams Sodium
Lauryl Sulfate 1.0 gram Sodium Bicarbonate 2.0 grams FD&C Blue
#1 Solution 1 mL Xanthan Gum 1.0 gram Adjust pH with Potassium
Hydroxide drop wise Component 2 100 mL (acidic) Water 51 mL
Tartaric Acid 3.0 grams Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 1 gram DiSodium EDTA
4 grams Superoxol 50% H.sub.20.sub.2 40 mL Xanthan Gum 1 gram
Adjust pH with Citric or Tartaric Acid drop wise
[0107] Both plungers of the dual chamber dispenser were actuated at
the same time to cause
foaming. Mixing of components 1 and 2 occurred in the attached
mixing tip. The foam produced was filled into a measuring cylinder.
The volume of the expanded foam was measured and its collapse with
time was monitored.
RESULTS OF TEST EXPERIMENTS
Foam Volume, Foam Collapse Rate and pH
[0108] 4 ml of each component was used and it took 10 seconds to
actuate the dispenser 10 times. A volume of 75 ml was obtained 5
seconds after the last discharge. After 5 minutes the volume had
decreased to 60 ml, and after 10 minutes the volume had decreased
to 55 ml. It took a half hour before the foam collapsed completely.
The pH of the foam was 6.78.
[0109] Amount of fluid used: 4 ml from each chamber (8.0 ml total);
Number of Stroke of Actuator: 10; Volume expansion: 8 ml.fwdarw.75
ml; Expansion multiple: 9.4.times.
[0110] Example 3 was made in the same manner as Example 1, except
with different ingredients, as shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Component 1 Chemical/IUPAC/ Available
Ingredient Amount "real" name From Purpose H20 50.00 mL same N/A
carrier/ solvent KOH 0.10 g same Spectrum pH modifier Chemical
PLURONIC 0.80 g poloxamer 188 BASF foamer F68 TYLOSE 0.80 g
Hydroxyethyl Clariant thickener H4000* cellulose 1% Ca02 40.00 mL
calcium Spectrum peroxide Suspension peroxide Chemical source
suspended in water Sodium 1.00 g same Spectrum effervescent
Carbonate Chemical component Baking 2.00 g sodium Spectrum
effervescent Soda bicarbonate Chemical component Component 2
Chemical/IUPAC Available Ingredient Amount "real" name from Purpose
H20 9.00 mL same N/A carrier/ solvent PLURONIC 0.80 g poloxamer 188
BASF foamer F68 TYLOSE 0.80 g Hydroxyethyl Clariant thickener
H4000* cellulose 50% H202 80.00 mL Same Atofina peroxide source
KOH/HNO3 QS to pH Same Spectrum pH modifier 2.0 Chemical
[0111] Example 4 was made in a similar manner as Example 1, except
for the different ingredients, as shown in Table 4 below:
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Component 1 Chemical/IUPAC/ Available
Ingredient Amount "real" name From Purpose H20 50.00 mL Same N/A
carrier/ solvent KOH 0.10 g Same Spectrum pH modifier Chemical
PLURONIC 0.80 g poloxamer 188 BASF foamer F68 Sodium 1.00 g Same
Spectrum effervescent Carbonate Chemical component Baking Soda 2.00
g Sodium Spectrum effervescent bicarbonate Chemical component
Component 2 Chemical/IUPAC Available Ingredient Amount "real" name
from Purpose H20 9.00 mL Same N/A carrier/ solvent PLURONIC 0.80 g
poloxamer 188 BASF foamer F68 50% H2O2 80.00 mL Same Atofina
peroxide source KOH/HNO3 QS to pH Same Spectrum pH modifier 2.0
Chemical
[0112] Having described the invention with reference to
accompanying illustrations and of the invention, it is contemplated
that other changes can be made without departing spirit or scope of
the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *