U.S. patent application number 15/041979 was filed with the patent office on 2016-09-15 for single wire serial interface.
The applicant listed for this patent is Skyworks Solutions, Inc.. Invention is credited to David Alan Brown, Kevin P. d'Angelo, Jan Nilsson, John Sung K. So, Richard K. Williams.
Application Number | 20160266631 15/041979 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 28456681 |
Filed Date | 2016-09-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160266631 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
d'Angelo; Kevin P. ; et
al. |
September 15, 2016 |
SINGLE WIRE SERIAL INTERFACE
Abstract
A single wire serial interface for power ICs and other devices
is provided. To use the interface, a device is configured to
include an EN/SET input pin. A counter within the device counts
clock pulses sent to the EN/SET input pin. The output of the
counter is passed to a ROM or other decoder circuit. The ROM
selects an operational state for the device that corresponds to the
value of the counter. In this way, control states may be selected
for the device by sending corresponding clock pulses to the EN/SET
pin. Holding the EN/SET pin high causes the device to maintain its
operational state. Holding the EN/SET pin low for a predetermined
timeout period resets the counter and causes the device to adopt a
predetermined configuration (such as off) until new clock pulses
are received at the EN/SET pin.
Inventors: |
d'Angelo; Kevin P.; (Santa
Clara, CA) ; Brown; David Alan; (Los Gatos, CA)
; So; John Sung K.; (Fremont, CA) ; Nilsson;
Jan; (Sunnyvale, CA) ; Williams; Richard K.;
(Cupertino, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. |
Woburn |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
28456681 |
Appl. No.: |
15/041979 |
Filed: |
February 11, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14514870 |
Oct 15, 2014 |
9265113 |
|
|
15041979 |
|
|
|
|
14028365 |
Sep 16, 2013 |
9295128 |
|
|
14514870 |
|
|
|
|
13028139 |
Feb 15, 2011 |
8539275 |
|
|
14028365 |
|
|
|
|
11582927 |
Oct 17, 2006 |
7921320 |
|
|
13028139 |
|
|
|
|
10144333 |
May 13, 2002 |
7127631 |
|
|
11582927 |
|
|
|
|
60368474 |
Mar 28, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B 45/00 20200101;
H05B 45/37 20200101; G09G 2320/0233 20130101; G06F 1/04 20130101;
G06F 1/12 20130101; G06F 1/28 20130101; H05B 45/10 20200101; G06F
9/4403 20130101; G06F 1/22 20130101; G09G 5/10 20130101; G09G
3/3406 20130101; G06F 1/06 20130101; G06F 13/4291 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G06F 1/28 20060101
G06F001/28; G06F 9/44 20060101 G06F009/44; G06F 1/12 20060101
G06F001/12 |
Claims
1. An interface for controlling a device, the interface comprising:
a first circuit for accumulating a count of clock pulses encoded in
a received signal; a second circuit for mapping the count of clock
pulses into a corresponding control state for the device; and a
third circuit for resetting the count of clock pulses to zero if
the received signal is low for a period that exceeds a
predetermined timeout value.
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS
[0001] Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic
priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed
with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference
under 37 CFR 1.57.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to control
interfaces for integrated circuits and other devices. More
particularly, the present invention includes a single wire serial
interface that may be used to control power ICs and other
devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In power IC applications, an interface generally serves to
manage functions such as power level, or on and off switching. In
the load switch power IC case, the IC either delivers power to a
subsystem or not depending on the state of the on/off pin. In a
more complex power supply controller, the regulated output voltage
is set by a more complex interface such as an integrated 5-pin
digital to analog interface. When many subsystems exist within the
same system, an even more complex interface, such as the SMBUS
interface may be implemented.
[0004] The complex power IC can easily afford a multi-pin control
interface, since it is already in a large package, and has
sufficient functional density. The stand-alone power management
function cannot normally offer a complex control interface due to
die size or package size constraints. Still there are cases where
this type of control is desirable. For instance, it may be
desirable to vary a current limit over different load scenarios.
However, few pins are available for control of the simple load
switch because most of the pins are used by the power function, and
there is no board space or budget for a larger package. Some
functionality can be added by means of an analog interface, but
since most applications are controlled by a microprocessor, a
digital interface is easiest to implement and most cost effective.
A serial interface is efficient, but common simple serial
interfaces such as 3-wire or 2-wire require too many pins. Complex
serial interfaces such as SMBUS are generally too complex and
expensive to merit implementation for the stand-alone power
management function.
[0005] For these reasons and others, there is a need for an
interface that may be used to control stand-alone power and other
IC types. Ideally, this interface would be able to accommodate a
wide variety of control needs and be scaleable to many levels of
complexity. Minimal pin use is also desirable, with the ideal being
use of a single pin that may optionally be shared with another
function.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] An aspect of the present invention provides a single wire
serial interface that may be used to control stand-alone power ICs
and other devices. For this aspect, an IC is configured to include
a sensing circuit, a counter, and a ROM or similar decoder. The
sensing circuit monitors the voltage present at one of the IC pins.
Typically, this will be the on/off pin and is referred to as the
EN/SET pin. The sensing circuit determines whether or not the
voltage at the EN/SET pin is high, low, or toggling.
[0007] When the voltage at the EN/SET pin is toggling the counter
is enabled. This causes the counter to count the rising edge of
each clock pulse sent to the EN/SET pin. Holding the voltage at the
EN/SET pin high causes the counter to stop counting and maintain
its value. Holding the voltage at the EN/SET pin low for more than
a preset timeout period causes the counter to reset to zero.
[0008] The ROM contains a total of 2.sup.n words of m bits. Each
m-bit word corresponds to one control state for the IC. The output
of the counter is an address within the ROM selecting a particular
m-bit word and control state. For simple functions, the counter can
be only a few bits, in which case the counter outputs can be
directly decoded in logic without the complexity of a ROM.
[0009] Another aspect of the present invention is an LED current
source IC incorporating the single wire serial interface. The LED
current source includes at least one current output and one EN/SET
input. For a representative implementation, the ROM includes a
total of thirty-two (32) words. Each word corresponds to an output
level for the one or more current outputs. The output levels are
preferably configured as a logarithmic scale, yielding two decades
of output levels and LED luminosity.
[0010] Another aspect of the present invention is a load switch IC
incorporating the single wire serial interface. The load switch
includes one EN/SET input and n outputs where n is greater than
one. For the case of the load switch, the bits in the counter may
be used to directly control the state of the individual outputs
(i.e., each bit determines the state of a corresponding output).
This allows the ROM to be omitted from the load switch IC,
simplifying its design. The bits in the counter yield a total of
2.sup.n different output configurations (i.e., all possible
configurations).
[0011] Another aspect of the present invention is a current limited
load switch IC incorporating the single wire serial interface. The
current limited load switch includes one or more outputs and one
EN/SET input. Each word in the ROM corresponds to a different
current limit for the outputs.
[0012] Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent from the following descriptions and accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] For a more complete understanding of the present invention
and for further features and advantages, reference is now made to
the following description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
[0014] FIG. 1 is a timing diagram illustrating the use of the
single wire protocol according to one aspect of the present
invention.
[0015] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an IC using a single wire
serial interface according to one aspect of the present
invention.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating the use of the
single wire serial interface of the IC of FIG. 2.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a sensing circuit appropriate
for use in the IC of FIG. 2.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an IC using a latched
implementation of single wire serial interface according to one
aspect of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 6 is a timing diagram illustrating the use of the
single wire serial interface of the IC of FIG. 5.
[0020] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a latch driver circuit
appropriate for use in the IC of FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention and their
advantages are best understood by referring to FIGS. 1 through 7 of
the drawings. Like numerals are used for like and corresponding
parts of the various drawings.
Single Wire Serial Protocol
[0022] An aspect of the present invention provides a single wire
serial protocol that may be used to control ICs and other
compatible devices. To use the single wire serial protocol, a
device must support a series of different operational states or
modes. For one example, a stand-alone power IC might be configured
to support a range of different output levels. Typically, these
output levels would progress in even increments from a no-power or
off condition to a full power condition. Each different output
level would define a particular operational state. The single wire
serial protocol allows the operational states of compatible devices
to be dynamically controlled. Thus, for the stand-alone power IC
example, the single wire serial protocol would be used to select
different operational states and associated output power
levels.
[0023] Devices that support the single wire serial protocol are
configured to receive an EN/SET signal. As shown by the timing
diagram of FIG. 1, the EN/SET signal may be characterized as having
three different waveforms. The first of these is a toggling
waveform where the EN/SET signal is composed of a series of clock
pulses. The second waveform is where the EN/SET signal is asserted
to have a constant high value. The third waveform is where the
EN/SET signal is asserted to have a constant low value.
[0024] The toggling waveform causes compatible devices to select
particular operational states. The total number of clock pulses (or
rising edges) determines the particular operational state that will
be selected (i.e., four clock pulses selects the fourth operational
state and so on). Additional clock pulses that exceed the number of
operational states supported by a compatible device will generally
cause the count to rollover and start again with the first
operational state.
[0025] The constant high waveform causes compatible devices to
maintain their previously selected operational states. As shown in
FIG. 1, the current operational state may be continued for an
arbitrary duration in this way.
[0026] The constant low waveform causes compatible devices to power
off (or otherwise adopt a predefined configuration) after a
pre-defined timeout period has elapsed. The timeout period allows
compatible devices to distinguish between the constant low waveform
and the shorter low portions of the toggling waveform. For a
typical implementation, the timeout value is 400 .mu.s with the
EN/SET signal having a frequency in the range of 1 Mhz to 10 kHz.
Higher and lower frequencies are also possible.
Single Wire Serial Interface
[0027] To use the single wire serial protocol, compatible devices
must provide a single wire serial interface. For the purposes of
illustration, FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an IC (generally
designated 200) configured to provide this interface. IC 200
includes one or more inputs 202 and one or more outputs 204. IC 200
also includes an EN/SET input 206 and a core portion 208. Core
portion 208 is intended to be generally representative of the
circuits that function to create outputs 204 using inputs 202
EN/SET input 206 is connected to a sensing circuit 210. Sensing
circuit 210 monitors the EN/SET signal at EN/SET input 206 and
determines if that voltage is constantly high, constantly low, or
toggling. Based on this determination, sensing circuit 210 produces
two signals: a Clock signal and an Enable signal. The Clock and
Enable signals control the operation of a counter 212 having n
bits. Counter 212 counts the rising transitions of the Clock signal
whenever sensing circuit 210 asserts the Enable signal. Counter 212
resets whenever the Enable signal is not asserted.
[0028] The relationship between the EN/SET signal and the Clock and
Enable signals is shown in more detail in the timing diagram of
FIG. 3. As shown in that figure, a rising transition of the EN/SET
signal causes sensing circuit 210 to assert the Enable signal.
Sensing circuit 210 holds the Enable signal high until the EN/SET
signal transitions to a logical low state and remains in the low
state until the predetermined timeout period has elapsed. The
Enable signal acts to gate the Clock signal. As long as the Enable
signal remains high, sensing circuit 210 forwards the EN/SET signal
as the Clock signal. Counter 212 receives both the Clock and Enable
signal. The first rising transition of the EN/SET signal raises the
Enable signal and causes the EN/SET signal to be forwarded as the
Clock signal. Counter 212 responds by increasing its value to one.
Subsequent rising transitions causes Counter 212 to increment its
value to two, three and so on. Counter 212 resets to zero when
sensing circuit 210 transitions the Enable signal to a low
value.
[0029] The n output bits of counter 212 control a ROM 214. ROM 214
has a total of 2.sup.n words, each having m bits. Each m-bit word
corresponds to one control state for IC 200. The n-bit output of
counter 212 selects a particular m-bit word within ROM 214. The
selected control state and Enable signal are passed to core portion
208. Core portion 208 is configured to adjust its operation to
match the selected control state.
Sensing Circuit
[0030] FIG. 4 shows a representative implementation for sensing
circuit 210. As shown in that figure, sensing circuit 210 produces
the Enable and Clock signals by timing the logic low period of the
EN/SET signal. As long as the timeout period is not exceeded, the
Enable signal will remain high, and the EN/SET signal will, feed
through logic gate AND1 to become the Clock signal. In the
described implementation, the timer consists of capacitor C1 and
current source I1. Transistors MN2 and MN3 mirror current source
I1. This linearly discharges capacitor C1 when the EN/SET signal is
a logical low, and transistor MP1 is off. If the EN/SET signal
remains in a logic low state long enough, capacitor C1 will
discharge to a voltage that is less than the threshold of
transistor MN1 and turn MN1 off. When MN1 is off, R1 pulls node "2"
to the threshold of Schmit trigger ST1 and the Enable signal goes
to a logic low state. As long as the EN/SET signal remains low for
a period less than the timeout period, the Enable signal will
remain in a logic high state. The timeout period is dominated by
the power supply voltage, the threshold of transistor MN1
(V.sub.tMN1), the value of capacitor C1, and the magnitude of
current source I1, given by:
Timeout=C*(Vcc-V.sub.tMN1)/I1
[0031] Typical values of C1=10 pF, Vcc=5 v, V.sub.tMN1=1 v and
I1=0.1 .mu.A yield a timeout period of 400 .mu.s. Sensing circuit
210 can respond to a 400 ns signal of the EN/SET signal. As a
result, it is able to differentiate between the EN/SET signal as
Clock and EN/SET signal as Enable. A typical application can be
designed around a range of EN/SET frequencies between 1 Mhz to 10
kHz, or slower if desired.
Latched Single Wire Serial Interface
[0032] Devices that implement the just described single wire serial
interface select a new control state each time a rising edge of a
clock pulse is received. One result is that compatible devices
progressively select each control state in sequence until the
desired control state is reached. So, selecting the eighth control
state means that compatible devices will progressively select
control states one through seven before finally selecting the
eighth (desired) control state. For some devices this behavior is
acceptable or even desirable. This can be true, for example where
the device is a current source where progressively increasing
output can be benign or even useful. In other cases, selection of
intermediate control states may have unwanted side effects. This
could be true for the case of the multiple load switch that is
described below.
[0033] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an IC (generally designated
500) that uses an implementation of the single wire serial
interface that eliminates intermediate control states. IC 500
includes the majority of components previously described for FIG. 2
and IC 200. In this case, the output of counter 212 is passed
through a latch 502 before reaching ROM 214. Latch 502 is
controlled by a Latch signal generated by a latch driver circuit
504.
[0034] The relationship between the EN/SET, Clock, Enable and Latch
signals is shown in FIG. 6. As shown, the Latch signal remains low
until the EN/SET signal has been maintained in a high state for a
duration that exceeds a predetermined latch timeout period. Holding
the EN/SET signal high for longer than the latch timeout period
causes latch driver 504 to assert the Latch signal. This, in turn
causes latch 502 to forward the accumulated value of counter 212 to
ROM 214. The result is that counter 212 is prevented from
forwarding intermediate control states until the EN/SET signal has
been asserted high after the train of clock pulses has been
completed.
Latch Driver Circuit
[0035] FIG. 7 shows a representative implementation for latch
driver 504. As shown in that figure, latch driver 504 produces the
Latch signal by timing the logic high period of the EN/SET signal.
As long as the EN/SET signal is high for less than the latch
timeout period, the Latch signal remains low. In other described
implementation, the timer consists of capacitor C1 and current
source I1. Transistors MN2 and MN3 mirror current source I1. This
linearly discharges capacitor C1 when the EN/SET signal is a
logical high, and transistor MP1 is off. If the EN/SET signal
remains in a logic high state long enough, capacitor C1 will
discharge to a voltage that is less than the threshold of
transistor MN1 and turn MN1 off. When MN1 is off, R1 pulls node "2"
to the threshold of Schmit trigger ST1 and the Latch signal goes to
a logic high state. As long as the EN/SET signal remains high for a
period less than the latch timeout period, the Latch signal will
remain in a logic low state. The latch timeout period is dominated
by the power supply voltage, the threshold of transistor MN1
(V.sub.tMN1), the value of capacitor C1, and the magnitude of
current source I1, given by:
Latch Timeout=C*(Vcc-V.sub.tMN1)/I1
[0036] Typical values of C1=10 pF, Vcc=5 v, V.sub.tMN1=1 v and
I1=0.1 .mu.A yield a latch timeout period of 400 .mu.s. Latch
driver 504 can respond to a 400 ns signal of the EN/SET signal. As
a result, it is able to differentiate between the EN/SET signal as
Clock and EN/SET signal as Latch. A typical application can be
designed around a range of EN/SET frequencies between 1 Mhz to 10
kHz, or slower if desired.
Decoder
[0037] ROM 214 provides a mapping between the EN/SET signal and
associated control states for IC 200. In some cases, there may be
relatively few control states. In other cases, the mapping may be
defined functionally. In these cases, it is possible to replace ROM
214 with a decoder. This allows the outputs of counter 212 to be
directly decoded in logic without the complexity of a ROM.
LED Driver
[0038] The white LED has become the backlight source of choice for
small displays used in products such as cell phones that typically
use a lithium ion battery for power. The white LED is an excellent
light source. However, it requires from 3.6 to 4.1 volts of forward
bias voltage to conduct current and emit light. Since the lithium
ion battery runs between 4.1 and 2.9 volts, a regulated boosted
voltage must be generated to power the LED. Four LED's are
typically used in a display; either in a serial or a parallel
arrangement.
[0039] The lowest cost solution is to drive the four LED's in
parallel with a charge pump. The higher cost solution is to drive
the four LED's in series with a DC/DC boost converter capable of
boosting the lithium ion battery up to four times the forward
voltage of the LEDs (e.g. 4.times.4.1=16.4 volts). The DC/DC boost
converter is higher cost due to the cost and size of the required
inductor, but since the LED is really a current mode device, the
performance is better because all of the LED's in series will be
biased with the same current and share the same luminosity.
[0040] The charge pump solution is attractive because small low
cost capacitors can be used to develop a voltage of up to 1.5 or 2
times the battery voltage. The disadvantage to the charge pump
solution is that the resulting voltage must be sensed as a current
for brightness control of the LED. A single voltage can drive
multiple LED's, however only one LED is used as the current
reference. This is achieved by adding a current setting and sensing
resistor in series with it. The additional LED's have a matching
resistor in series, but unless their forward voltages match that of
the reference LED, they will have substantially different currents
and, as such, brightness levels. A better solution would have
parallel current outputs for driving the LED with a current. In
this manner, all LED's would have the same bias current and
luminosity. The parallel outputs however, require more pins and a
larger package that is a significant disadvantage.
[0041] Another issue is brightness control. Brightness control can
be performed by setting a reference current and leaving it
constant, or by applying some control means to the DC/DC converter
to obtain a different output voltage or current. One way to control
the brightness of an LED is to simply turn it on and off at a
higher frequency than the human eye can detect, and pulse width
modulate (PWM) the on-time. An easier system solution would be an
interface whereby a current control is input to the DC/DC converter
to control the output current. This can be accomplished either by a
control voltage or a digital interface. A simple solution is a
digital interface, but to have enough resolution, or a large enough
range, many bits of control are required. This leads again to
higher undesirable pin count.
[0042] Since the human eye senses brightness logarithmically, a
useful digital control would result in a logarithmic brightness
scale. A logarithmic scale that adequately covers two decades of
luminosity requires at least 5-bits or 32 levels.
[0043] An aspect of the present invention provides an LED driver
that effectively meets all of these requirements. The LED driver is
preferably configured as a 12-pin device with four LED current
source outputs. The LED driver also includes an EN/SET input that
supports the single wire serial protocol described above. The
EN/SET input functions as the on/off control as well as the
brightness control. Internally, the LED driver includes a five-bit
counter and a thirty-two word ROM. The control states included in
the ROM are configured to provide logarithmically increasing levels
of luminosity. The counter and ROM are scaleable to any number of
levels beyond or below 32.
Multiple Load Switch
[0044] Another aspect of the present invention is a load switch IC
incorporating the interface described in the preceding paragraphs.
For an eight-pin package, the load switch includes one EN/SET
input, five outputs, a power input and a ground input. For the case
of the load switch, the bits in the counter may be used to directly
control the state of the individual outputs (i.e., each bit
determines the state of a corresponding output). This allows the
ROM to be omitted from the load switch IC, simplifying its design.
The bits in the counter yield a total of 2.sup.5 or thirty-two
different output configurations (i.e., all possible
configurations). If the load switches are very slow to respond, the
single wire serial interface can be operated at a much higher
frequency than the switches can respond and the outputs will be
well behaved. In the case where the switches are fast, an addition
must be made whereby the value clocked into the single wire serial
interface is not latched until the clocking has stopped.
Current Limited Load Switch with Configurable Current Limit
[0045] Another aspect of the present invention is a current limited
load switch IC incorporating the interface described in the
preceding paragraphs. The current limited load switch includes one
or More outputs and one EN/SET input. Each word in the ROM
corresponds to a different current limit for the one or more
outputs. The current limited load switch is disabled a
predetermined period after the EN/SET transitions to the low
state.
[0046] Although particular embodiments of the present invention
have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled
in the art that changes and modifications may be made without
departing from the present invention in its broader aspects, and
therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope
all such changes and modifications that fall within the true scope
of the present invention.
* * * * *