U.S. patent application number 14/863218 was filed with the patent office on 2016-08-25 for touch panel and method of manufacturing the same.
The applicant listed for this patent is Samsung Display Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Joo-Han BAE, Sung Ku Kang, Jin Hwan Kim.
Application Number | 20160246415 14/863218 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 56693707 |
Filed Date | 2016-08-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160246415 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BAE; Joo-Han ; et
al. |
August 25, 2016 |
TOUCH PANEL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Abstract
A touch panel and method of manufacturing the same are
disclosed. In one aspect, the touch panel includes a substrate, a
first touch electrode line formed over the substrate and including
a plurality of first touch electrodes which are electrically
connected to each other, and a second touch electrode line formed
to cross the first touch electrode line and being electrically
insulated therefrom. The second touch electrode line can include a
plurality of second touch electrodes which are electrically
connected to each other. The touch panel can also include a
plurality of connecting wires respectively connected to the first
and second touch electrode lines. At least one of the first touch
electrode line, the second touch electrode line, and the connecting
wires can include at least one photosensitive conductive layer
having a metal nanowire.
Inventors: |
BAE; Joo-Han; (Seongnam-si,
KR) ; Kang; Sung Ku; (Suwon-si, KR) ; Kim; Jin
Hwan; (Seoul, KR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Samsung Display Co., Ltd. |
Yongin-si |
|
KR |
|
|
Family ID: |
56693707 |
Appl. No.: |
14/863218 |
Filed: |
September 23, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 3/0443 20190501;
G06F 2203/04111 20130101; G06F 2203/04103 20130101; G06F 2203/04112
20130101; G06F 3/044 20130101; G06F 3/0445 20190501; G06F
2203/04102 20130101; G06F 3/0446 20190501 |
International
Class: |
G06F 3/047 20060101
G06F003/047; G06F 3/044 20060101 G06F003/044; G06F 3/041 20060101
G06F003/041 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 25, 2015 |
KR |
10-2015-0026800 |
Claims
1. A touch panel, comprising: a substrate; a first touch electrode
line formed over the substrate and including a plurality of first
touch electrodes which are electrically connected to each other; a
second touch electrode line formed to cross the first touch
electrode line and being electrically insulated therefrom, wherein
the second touch electrode line includes a plurality of second
touch electrodes which are electrically connected to each other;
and a plurality of connecting wires respectively connected to the
first and second touch electrode lines, wherein at least one of the
first touch electrode line, the second touch electrode line, and
the connecting wires includes at least one photosensitive
conductive layer including a metal nanowire.
2. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the at least one
photosensitive conductive layer includes a first photosensitive
conductive layer and a second photosensitive conductive layer
having different transmittances, wherein the connecting wire
includes the first and second photosensitive conductive layers, and
wherein the second photosensitive conductive layer is formed on the
first photosensitive conductive layer.
3. The touch panel of claim 2, wherein the first touch electrodes
are spaced apart at a predetermined interval, wherein the first
touch electrode line further includes a plurality of first
connectors electrically connecting the first touch electrodes,
wherein the second touch electrodes are spaced apart at a
predetermined interval, and wherein the second touch electrode line
further includes a plurality of second conductors electrically
connecting the second touch electrodes.
4. The touch panel of claim 3, wherein the first touch electrodes
and the second touch electrodes are formed of the first
photosensitive conductive layer.
5. The touch panel of claim 4, wherein the transmittance of the
first photosensitive conductive layer is greater than that of the
second photosensitive conductive layer.
6. The touch panel of claim 5, wherein the resistance of the first
photosensitive conductive layer is greater than that of the second
photosensitive conductive layer.
7. The touch panel of claim 4, wherein the photosensitivity of the
first photosensitive conductive layer and the photosensitivity of
the second photosensitive conductive layer have opposite signs.
8. The touch panel of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of
pads respectively electrically connected to the connecting wires,
wherein the pads are formed of a same material as the first and
second touch electrodes.
9. The touch panel of claim 3, wherein the second touch electrodes
and the second connectors are integrally formed.
10. The touch panel of claim 9, further comprising an insulating
layer that is interposed between the first and second
connectors.
11. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the connecting wires
include the photosensitive conductive layer, and wherein the first
touch electrode line and the second touch electrode line include a
conductive layer.
12. The touch panel of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of
pads respectively electrically connected to the connecting wires,
wherein the pads are formed of the same material as that of the
first and second touch electrodes.
13. The touch panel of claim 11, wherein the conductive layer
further includes an overcoat.
14. The touch panel of claim 13, wherein the transmittance of the
conductive layer is greater than that of the photosensitive
conductive layer.
15. The touch panel of claim 14, wherein the resistance of the
conductive layer is greater than that of the photosensitive
conductive layer.
16. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the at least one
photosensitive conductive layer includes a photosensitive resin
layer and a conductive layer formed of a metal nanowire which is
buried at an upper portion of the photosensitive resin layer.
17. The touch panel of claim 16, wherein the metal nanowire is
formed of silver or copper.
18. A method of manufacturing a touch panel, comprising: forming a
first photosensitive conductive layer over a substrate; forming a
second photosensitive conductive layer over the first
photosensitive conductive layer, wherein the photosensitivities of
the first and second photosensitive conductive layers have opposite
signs; forming a preliminary conductive pattern by patterning the
second photosensitive conductive layer and the first photosensitive
conductive layer; and forming i) a touch electrode in a touch area
of the substrate and ii) a connecting wire outside of the touch
area and electrically connected to the touch electrode by removing
at least a portion of the second photosensitive conductive layer
formed in the touch area through exposure and development of the
preliminary conductive pattern.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein each of the first and second
photosensitive conductive layers is formed to include a
photosensitive resin layer and a metal nanowire buried in the
photosensitive resin layer.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the forming of the second
photosensitive conductive layer is performed such that a first
conductive layer of the second photosensitive conductive layer
contacts a second conductive layer of the first photosensitive
conductive layer.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first conductive layer of
the first photosensitive conductive layer has a greater density of
metal nanowires than the second conductive layer of the second
photosensitive conductive layer.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein the forming of the first
photosensitive conductive layer is performed by removing a release
paper from the first photosensitive conductive layer and then
transferring the first photosensitive conductive layer onto the
substrate, and wherein the forming of the second photosensitive
conductive layer is performed by removing a release paper from the
second photosensitive conductive layer and then transferring the
second photosensitive conductive layer onto the first
photosensitive conductive layer.
23. A method of manufacturing a touch panel, the method comprising:
forming a conductive film including a metal nanowire over a
substrate; forming a photosensitive conductive layer over the
conductive film; forming an upper preliminary conductive pattern by
performing a first exposure and development; forming a lower
preliminary conductive pattern by etching the conductive layer by
using the upper preliminary conductive pattern as a mask; and
forming i) a touch electrode in a touch area of the substrate and
ii) a connecting wire outside of the touch area and electrically
connected to the touch electrode by removing the upper preliminary
conductive pattern formed in the touch area through a second
exposure and development.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the photosensitive conductive
layer includes a photosensitive resin layer and a metal nanowire
layer which is buried at an upper portion of the photosensitive
resin layer.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the forming of the
photosensitive conductive layer comprises removing a release paper
attached on the photosensitive conductive layer and then
transferring the photosensitive conductive layer such that the
metal nanowire layer contacts the conductive film.
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of
Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0026800 filed in the Korean
Intellectual Property Office on Feb. 25, 2015, the entire contents
of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Field
[0003] The described technology generally relates to a touch panel
and a method of manufacturing the same.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Technology
[0005] Display devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and
organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, portable transmission
devices, other information processing devices, and the like,
perform functions by using various input devices. Recently, touch
sensing input devices have become popular.
[0006] Touch sensors are used to determine contact information such
as whether an object approaches or contacts a screen, a contact
position thereof, and the like, by sensing change(s) in pressure,
charge, light, or the like. These change(s) are applied to the
screen of the display device when a user writes text or draws a
figure by approaching or contacting the screen with their finger or
a touch pen. The display device can receive an image signal based
on the contact information to display images.
[0007] Touch sensors can be classified based on their measured
physical characteristics into resistive, capacitive,
electro-magnetic resonance (EMR), and optical type touch
sensors.
[0008] Resistive type touch sensors include two electrodes which
are separately formed to face each other and contact each other
when applied with pressure by an external object. When the two
electrodes contact each other, a voltage variation is generated
according to a change in resistance at the contact position which
is recognized to determine the contact position and the like.
[0009] Capacitive type touch sensors includes a sensing capacitor
including a sensing electrode for transferring a sensing signal.
The sensing capacitor determines whether it has been contacted, the
contact position, and the like, by sensing a change in capacitance
generated when a conductor, such as a finger, approaches the
sensor. Capacitive type touch sensors can sense touch input when a
user contacts a touch panel and requires contact by a conductive
object.
[0010] The above information disclosed in this Background section
is only to enhance the understanding of the background of the
disclosure, and therefore it may contain information that does not
form the prior art that is already known in this country to a
person of ordinary skill in the art.
SUMMARY OF CERTAIN INVENTIVE ASPECTS
[0011] One inventive aspect is a touch panel including a metal
nanowire and a manufacturing method thereof.
[0012] Another aspect is a touch panel and a manufacturing method
thereof including silver nanowire and having a simplified
manufacturing process that can selectively form patterns.
[0013] Another aspect is a touch panel, comprising a substrate; a
first touch electrode line formed over the substrate and including
a plurality of first touch electrodes which are electrically
connected to each other; a second touch electrode line formed to
cross the first touch electrode line and being electrically
insulated therefrom, wherein the second touch electrode line
includes a plurality of second touch electrodes which are
electrically connected to each other; and a plurality of connecting
wires respectively connected to the first and second touch
electrode lines, wherein at least one of the first touch electrode
line, the second touch electrode line, and the connecting wires
includes at least one photosensitive conductive layer including a
metal nanowire.
[0014] In exemplary embodiments, the at least one photosensitive
conductive layer includes a first photosensitive conductive layer
and a second photosensitive conductive layer having different
transmittances, wherein the connecting wire includes the first and
second photosensitive conductive layers, and wherein the second
photosensitive conductive layer is formed on the first
photosensitive conductive layer.
[0015] In exemplary embodiments, the first touch electrodes are
spaced apart at a predetermined interval, wherein the first touch
electrode line further includes a plurality of first connectors
electrically connecting the first touch electrodes, wherein the
second touch electrodes are spaced apart at a predetermined
interval, and wherein the second touch electrode line further
includes a plurality of second conductors electrically connecting
the second touch electrodes.
[0016] In exemplary embodiments, the first touch electrodes and the
second touch electrodes are formed of the first photosensitive
conductive layer. The transmittance of the first photosensitive
conductive layer can be greater than that of the second
photosensitive conductive layer. The resistance of the first
photosensitive conductive layer can be greater than that of the
second photosensitive conductive layer. The photosensitivity of the
first photosensitive conductive layer and the photosensitivity of
the second photosensitive conductive layer can have opposite
signs.
[0017] In exemplary embodiments, the touch panel further comprises
a plurality of pads respectively electrically connected to the
connecting wires, wherein the pads are formed of a same material as
the first and second touch electrodes. The second touch electrodes
and the second connectors can be integrally formed. The touch panel
can further comprise an insulating layer that is interposed between
the first and second connectors. The connecting wires can include
the photosensitive conductive layer and the first touch electrode
line and the second touch electrode line can include a conductive
layer. The touch panel can further comprise a plurality of pads
respectively electrically connected to the connecting wires,
wherein the pads are formed of the same material as that of the
first and second touch electrodes.
[0018] In exemplary embodiments, the conductive layer further
includes an overcoat. The transmittance of the conductive layer can
be greater than that of the photosensitive conductive layer. The
resistance of the conductive layer can be greater than that of the
photosensitive conductive layer. The at least one photosensitive
conductive layer can includes photosensitive resin layer and a
conductive layer formed of a metal nanowire which is buried at an
upper portion of the photosensitive resin layer. The metal nanowire
can be formed of silver or copper.
[0019] Another aspect is a method of manufacturing a touch panel,
comprising forming a first photosensitive conductive layer over a
substrate; forming a second photosensitive conductive layer over
the first photosensitive conductive layer, wherein the
photosensitivities of the first and second photosensitive
conductive layers have opposite signs; forming a preliminary
conductive pattern by patterning the second photosensitive
conductive layer and the first photosensitive conductive layer; and
forming i) a touch electrode in a touch area of the substrate and
ii) a connecting wire outside of the touch area and electrically
connected to the touch electrode by removing at least a portion of
the second photosensitive conductive layer formed in the touch area
through exposure and development of the preliminary conductive
pattern.
[0020] In exemplary embodiments, each of the first and second
photosensitive conductive layers is formed to include a
photosensitive resin layer and a metal nanowire buried in the
photosensitive resin layer. The forming of the second
photosensitive conductive layer can be performed such that a first
conductive layer of the second photosensitive conductive layer
contacts a second conductive layer of the first photosensitive
conductive layer. The first conductive layer of the first
photosensitive conductive layer can have a greater density of metal
nanowires than the second conductive layer of the second
photosensitive conductive layer.
[0021] In exemplary embodiments, the forming of the first
photosensitive conductive layer is performed by removing a release
paper from the first photosensitive conductive layer and then
transferring the first photosensitive conductive layer onto the
substrate, and wherein the forming of the second photosensitive
conductive layer is performed by removing a release paper from the
second photosensitive conductive layer and then transferring the
second photosensitive conductive layer onto the first
photosensitive conductive layer.
[0022] Another aspect is a method of manufacturing a touch panel,
the method comprising forming a conductive film including a metal
nanowire over a substrate; forming a photosensitive conductive
layer over the conductive film; forming an upper preliminary
conductive pattern by performing a first exposure and development;
forming a lower preliminary conductive pattern by etching the
conductive layer by using the upper preliminary conductive pattern
as a mask; and forming i) a touch electrode in a touch area of the
substrate and ii) a connecting wire outside of the touch area and
electrically connected to the touch electrode by removing the upper
preliminary conductive pattern formed in the touch area through a
second exposure and development.
[0023] In exemplary embodiments, the photosensitive conductive
layer includes a photosensitive resin layer and a metal nanowire
layer which is buried at an upper portion of the photosensitive
resin layer. The forming of the photosensitive conductive layer can
comprise removing a release paper attached on the photosensitive
conductive layer and then transferring the photosensitive
conductive layer such that the metal nanowire layer contacts the
conductive film.
[0024] According to at least one exemplary embodiment of the
present disclosure, it is possible to easily manufacture a touch
panel despite the panel including a metal nanowire, e.g., silver
nanowire, which has a low etching selectivity with respect to a
metal film.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIG. 1 is a layout view of a touch panel according to an
exemplary embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1.
[0027] FIG. 3 consists of cross-sectional views take along line and
line III'-III'' of FIG. 2.
[0028] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
intermediate step of a process in accordance with a method of
manufacturing a touch panel according to an exemplary
embodiment.
[0029] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a subsequent step to
FIG. 4.
[0030] FIG. 6 is a layout view of a subsequent step to FIG. 5.
[0031] FIG. 7 consists of cross-sectional views take along line
VII-VII' and line VII'-VII'' of FIG. 6.
[0032] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a subsequent step to
FIG. 7.
[0033] FIG. 9 is a layout view of a subsequent step to FIG. 8.
[0034] FIG. 10 consists of cross-sectional views take along line
X-X' and line X'-X'' of FIG. 9.
[0035] FIG. 11 is a layout view of a subsequent step to FIG. 9.
[0036] FIG. 12 is cross-sectional views take along line XII-XII'
and line XII'-XII'' of FIG. 9.
[0037] FIG. 13 is a layout view of a touch panel according to an
exemplary embodiment.
[0038] FIG. 14 consists of cross-sectional views take along line
XIV-XIV' and line XIV'-XIV'' of FIG. 13.
[0039] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
intermediate step of a process in accordance with a method of
manufacturing a touch panel according to an exemplary
embodiment.
[0040] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a subsequent step to
FIG. 15.
[0041] FIG. 17 is a layout view of a subsequent step to FIG.
16.
[0042] FIG. 18 consists of cross-sectional views take along line
XVIII-XVIII' and line XVIII'-XIII'' of FIG. 17.
[0043] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a subsequent step to
FIG. 18.
[0044] FIG. 20 is a layout view of a subsequent step to FIG.
19.
[0045] FIG. 21 consists of cross-sectional views take along line
XXI-XXI' and line XXI'-XXI'' of FIG. 20.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN INVENTIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0046] Touch panels can be included in flexible electronic devices,
which have been recently undergoing research and development.
However, in order to provide sufficient flexibility for flexible
electronic devices, an electrode of the touch panel should also be
sufficiently flexible.
[0047] In order to increase flexibility, touch panels can include a
material that increases the flexibility of the touch electrodes,
for example, silver nanowire (AgNW).
[0048] However, when a touch sensor includes a silver nanowire and
a metal layer, the etching selectivity between the silver nanowire
and a metal material of the metal layer is reduced, thereby
complicating the process for selectively forming the silver
nanowire and the metal layer.
[0049] The present disclosure will be described more fully
hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are shown. As those skilled
in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified
in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or
scope of the present disclosure.
[0050] In the drawings, the thicknesses of layers, films, panels,
regions, etc., may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity. Like
reference numerals designate like elements throughout the
specification. It will be understood that when an element such as a
layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on"
another element, it can be directly on the other element or
intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an
element is referred to as being "directly on" another element,
there are no intervening elements present.
[0051] To clearly describe the present disclosure, portions that
are irrelevant to the description are omitted and like numerals
refer to like or similar constituent elements throughout the
specification.
[0052] Throughout this specification and the claims that follow,
when it is described that an element is "coupled" to another
element, the element may be "directly coupled" to the other element
or "electrically coupled" to the other element through a third
element. In addition, unless explicitly described to the contrary,
the word "comprise" and variations such as "comprises" or
"comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of stated
elements but not the exclusion of any other elements.
[0053] Hereinafter, a touch panel according to an exemplary
embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0054] FIG. 1 is a layout view of a touch panel according to an
exemplary embodiment. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of
FIG. 1. FIG. 3 consists of cross-sectional views take along line
and line III'-III'' of FIG. 2.
[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, the touch panel includes a plurality of
first touch electrodes 410 and a plurality of second touch
electrodes 420 formed on a touch substrate 100.
[0056] The touch substrate 100 can be formed of a plastic such as
polycarbonate, polyimide, and/or polyether sulfone, glass, or the
like. The touch substrate 100 can be a transparent flexible
substrate that is flexible, e.g., the substrate can be foldable
(bendable), rollable, and/or stretchable or elastically deformable
in at least one direction.
[0057] The first and second touch electrodes 410 and 420 can be
formed to be alternately arranged in a touch area TA. The first
touch electrodes 410 can be arranged in a column direction and/or a
row direction, and the second touch electrodes 420 can be arranged
in a column direction and/or a row direction.
[0058] The first and second touch electrodes 410 and 420 can be
formed on the same layer, but the present disclosure is not limited
thereto. Alternatively, the first and second touch electrodes 410
and 420 can be formed on different layers. When the first and
second touch electrodes 410 and 420 are formed on different layers,
the first and second touch electrodes 410 and 420 can be formed on
different surfaces of the touch substrate 100 and/or can be formed
in different layers above the same surface of the touch substrate
100.
[0059] Each of the first and second touch electrodes 410 and 420
can have a quadrangular shape. Depending on the embodiment, the
first and second touch electrodes 410 and 420 can have various
shapes, such as a shape including protrusions for improving the
sensitivity of a touch sensor, without being limited thereto.
[0060] The first touch electrodes 410 arranged in the same row or
column can be connected to each other or separated from each other
inside or outside the touch area TA. Similarly, the second touch
electrodes 420 arranged in the same column or row can be connected
to each other or separated from each other inside or outside the
touch area TA.
[0061] For example, as shown in FIG. 1, when the first touch
electrodes 410 arrange in the same row are connected to each other
inside the touch area TA, the second touch electrodes 420 arranged
in the same column can be connected to each other inside the touch
area TA. For example, the first touch electrodes 410 arranged in
each row can be connected to each other through a first connector
412, and the second touch electrodes 420 arranged in each column
can be connected to each other through a second connector 422.
[0062] Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the second connector 422
connecting adjacent second touch electrodes 420 can be formed on
the same layer as the second touch electrodes 420 and can be formed
of the same material as that of the second touch electrode 420.
Briefly, the second touch electrodes 420 and the second connectors
422 can be integrated with each other and can be simultaneously
patterned. In some embodiments, the second touch electrodes 420 are
spaced apart at a predetermined interval.
[0063] The first connector 412 connecting adjacent first touch
electrodes 410 can be formed on a layer that is different from the
first touch electrodes 410. That is, the first touch electrodes 410
and the first connectors 412 can be separated from each other and
can be separately patterned. In some embodiments, the first touch
electrodes are spaced apart at a predetermined interval. The first
touch electrodes 410 and the first connectors 412 can be connected
to each other through direct contact.
[0064] An insulating layer 430 is interposed between the first
connectors 412 and the second connectors 422 to electrically
insulate the first connectors 412 from the second connectors 422.
The insulating layers 430 can include a plurality of independent
island-shaped insulators formed at every intersection between the
first and second connectors 412 and 422, but the present disclosure
is not limited thereto. The insulating layer 430 can be arranged to
partially expose at least a portion of the first touch electrodes
410 such that the first connectors 412 can be electrically
connected to the first touch electrodes 410.
[0065] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present
disclosure, the insulating layers 430 are formed on an entire
surface of the touch substrate 100, and although not illustrated,
the insulating layers 430 can be partially removed to expose
portions of the first touch electrodes 410 that are adjacent to
each other in the column direction for the connection between the
first touch electrodes.
[0066] In contrast to the illustration of FIGS. 2 and 3, the first
connectors 412 that connect adjacent first touch electrodes 410 can
be formed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes 410 and
can be integrated with the first touch electrodes 410. The second
connectors 422 that connect adjacent second touch electrodes 420
can be formed on a layer that is different from the second touch
electrodes 420.
[0067] As such, the first touch electrodes 410 and the first
connectors 412 which are arranged in one direction, such as a row
or column direction, can form a first touch electrode line, and the
second touch electrodes 420 and the second connectors 422 can form
a second touch electrode line.
[0068] Referring to FIG. 1 again, the connected first touch
electrodes 410 of each row are connected to a touch driver (not
illustrated) through first connecting wires 411, and the connected
second touch electrodes 420 of each column are connected to the
touch driver through second connecting wires 421. The first
connecting wires 411 and the second connecting wires 421 can be
formed in an outer region, i.e., a peripheral area DA of the touch
area TA, or can be formed in the touch area TA.
[0069] Each of the end portions of the first connecting wires 411
and the second connecting wire 421 includes a pad 50, of which a
portion has an enlarged area to be connected to an external driving
circuit. The pads 50 can be formed in the peripheral area DA to
form a pad unit 450.
[0070] The first connecting wires 411 can be used to input sensing
input signals into the first touch electrodes 410 and to output
sensing output signals to the touch driver through the pad unit
450. The second connecting wires 421 can be used to input sensing
input signals into the second touch electrodes 420 and to output
sensing output signals to the touch driver through the pad unit
450.
[0071] The first touch electrodes 410 and the second touch
electrodes 420 that are adjacent to each other can form a mutual
sensing capacitor serving as a touch sensor. The mutual sensing
capacitor can receive a sensing input signal through one of the
first and second touch electrodes 410 and 420 and can output a
sensing output signal indicating a variation of the amount of
charge stored therein caused by the contact of an external object
to the other touch electrode.
[0072] Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 again, at least one of the
first touch electrode line including the first touch electrodes
410, the second touch electrode line including the first touch
electrodes 420 and the second connectors 422, and the connecting
wires 411 and 421 can include a photosensitive conductive layer
including a metal nanowire.
[0073] The photosensitive conductive layer can include a first
photosensitive conductive layer and a second photosensitive
conductive layer having different transmittances.
[0074] Each of the first photosensitive conductive layer and the
second photosensitive conductive layer includes a photosensitive
resin layer and a conductive layer formed of metal nanowires buried
at an upper portion of the photosensitive resin layer. The metal
nanowires are connected to each other to form a mesh and to serve
as a conductive layer. In some embodiments, metal nanowires can be
formed of copper and/or silver.
[0075] The first photosensitive conductive layer and the second
photosensitive conductive layer can have a thickness of
approximately 5 .mu.m, and the conductive layer can have a
thickness of 0.1 .mu.m or less.
[0076] In some embodiments, the photosensitivities of the first
photosensitive conductive layer and the second photosensitive
conductive layer have opposite signs. For example, when the first
photosensitive conductive layer has a positive photosensitivity,
the second photosensitive conductive layer has a negative
photosensitivity. Whereas, when the first photosensitive conductive
layer has a negative photosensitivity, the second photosensitive
conductive layer has a positive photosensitivity.
[0077] The first photosensitive conductive layer and the second
photosensitive conductive layer have different transmittances and
resistances. The first photosensitive conductive layer can have a
transmittance and a resistance that are greater than those of the
second photosensitive conductive layer.
[0078] In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the first touch electrodes 410, the
second touch electrodes 420 including the second connector 422, and
pad 50 are formed of a first photosensitive conductive layer and
the connecting wires 411 and 421 are respectively formed as double
layers including first photosensitive conductive layers 41 and 42
and second photosensitive conductive layers 43 and 44.
[0079] The touch electrode formed in the touch area TA desirably
has a relatively high transmittance compared to the connecting wire
formed in the peripheral area DA, and the connecting wire desirably
has a relatively low resistance compared to the touch
electrode.
[0080] According to at least one exemplary embodiment of the
present disclosure, the metal nanowire of the photosensitive
conductive layer has a contact area and a wiring area that increase
as the density increases. However, the transmittance decreases in
proportion to the increase in density. Similarly, as the density of
the metal nanowire decreases, the transmittance increases, but the
resistance also increases due to the low density of the metal
nanowire.
[0081] Accordingly, the touch electrode formed in the touch area is
formed of the first photosensitive conductive layer having a
relatively high transmittance in spite of having a relatively high
resistance, and the connecting wire formed in the non-touch area is
formed of the second photosensitive conductive layer having a
relatively low resistance in spite of having a relatively low
transmittance. Additionally, as in the present exemplary
embodiment, the connecting wire can further include the first
photosensitive conductive layer.
[0082] Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the aforementioned
touch sensor will be described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG.
11.
[0083] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
intermediate step of a process in accordance with a method of
manufacturing a touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment of
the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a
subsequent step to FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a layout view of a subsequent
step to FIG. 5. FIG. 7 consists of cross-sectional views take along
line VII-VII' and line VII'-VII'' of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a
cross-sectional view of a subsequent step to FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a
layout view of a subsequent step to FIG. 8. FIG. 10 consists of
cross-sectional views take along line X-X' and line X'-X'' of FIG.
9. FIG. 11 is a layout view of a subsequent step to FIG. 9. FIG. 12
consists of cross-sectional views take along line XII-XII' and line
XII'-XII'' of FIG. 9.
[0084] First, as shown in FIG. 4, a substrate 100 is prepared, and
a first photosensitive conductive layer 10 is transferred onto the
substrate 100. For surface protection, a release paper (not
illustrated) can be attached to the first photosensitive conductive
layer 10. In these embodiments, the release paper can be removed
before the photosensitive conductive layer 10 is transferred onto
the substrate 100.
[0085] The first photosensitive conductive layer 10 includes a
photosensitive resin layer 4 and a first conductive layer 3
including a silver nanowire 9. The photosensitive resin layer 4 of
the first photosensitive conductive layer 10 can have a negative
photosensitivity which allows exposed portions of the first
photosensitive conductive layer 10 to remain.
[0086] The first conductive layer 3, which is buried in the
photosensitive resin layer 4, can be formed at an upper portion of
the first photosensitive conductive layer 10.
[0087] Next, as shown in FIG. 5, a second photosensitive conductive
layer 30 is transferred onto the first photosensitive conductive
layer 10. The second photosensitive conductive layer 30 can have an
interlayer structure that is the same as that of the first
photosensitive conductive layer 10. In other words, the second
photosensitive conductive layer 30 includes a photosensitive resin
layer 6 and a second conductive layer 5 including a silver nanowire
9. The photosensitive resin layer 6 of the second photosensitive
conductive layer 30 can have a positive photosensitivity which
allows exposed portions of the second photosensitive conductive
layer 30 to be removed, which is the reverse of the photosensitive
resin layer 4 of the first photosensitive conductive layer 10.
[0088] When the second photosensitive conductive layer 30 is
transferred, the second conductive layer 5 is arranged to face the
first conductive layer 3, such that the second conductive layer 5
contacts the first conductive layer 3 to be electrically connected
thereto.
[0089] The second conductive layer 5 can have an electrical
resistance and a light transmittance that are lower than that of
the first conductive layer 3. The electrical resistance and light
transmittance can be determined by adjusting the density of the
silver nanowires 9, which is included in the first conductive layer
3 and the second conductive layer 5. Specifically, the electrical
resistance can be reduced by including a greater amount of silver
nanowires in the second conductive layer 5 than in the first
conductive layer 3 to form more networks.
[0090] When the density of the silver nanowires 9 is increased to
reduce the electrical resistance of the second conductive layer 5,
the electrical resistance of the second conductive layer 5 is
reduced compared to the first conductive layer 3, and the light
transmittance is also decreased.
[0091] Next, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the second
photosensitive conductive layer 30 and the first photosensitive
conductive layer 10 are patterned by using a laser L to form a
preliminary conductive pattern 55 including a lower layer 11 and an
upper layer 31.
[0092] Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the upper layer 31 of the
preliminary conductive pattern is exposed by using a photomask M.
The photomask M includes a transmitting part T formed to correspond
to the pad 50 (see FIG. 1) and a region at which the touch
electrode is to be formed, as well as a light blocker S formed to
correspond to a region (see FIG. 1) corresponding to a wire.
[0093] Next, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, after the photomask M
is removed, the preliminary conductive pattern is developed to form
the second touch electrode 420 including the second connector 422,
the first touch electrode 410, the pad 50, and the connecting wires
411 and 421. The development can be performed by using an
alkali-based solution such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH),
sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3), or potassium hydroxide
(KOH).
[0094] An upper layer and a lower layer of the preliminary
conductive pattern have opposite photosensitivities, and thus, the
upper layer is removed during the development. Specifically, the
upper layer has a positive photosensitivity, and thus, the portions
that are not covered (i.e., exposed) by the photomask M as
illustrated in FIG. 8 are removed during the development. However,
the lower layer has a negative photosensitivity, and thus, the
exposed portions remain. Accordingly, the upper layer is removed
during the development.
[0095] The touch area in which the first and second touch
electrodes 410 and 420 are formed can be attached to a display
device so as to correspond to the display area of the display
device. Accordingly, since the light transmittance of the touch
area has a predetermined level or greater, the upper layer having
relatively low light transmittance is removed and the lower layer
remains to increase the light transmittance of the touch area.
[0096] The pad 50 serves to receive external signal(s) and is
electrically insulated by a photosensitive resin of the upper layer
when the upper layer remains. Accordingly, the conductive layer of
the lower layer can be exposed by removing the upper layer formed
in the pad 50.
[0097] Further, the connecting wires 411 and 421 are mainly formed
in the peripheral area DA outside of the touch area and include the
upper layer having low resistance to minimize signal delay and the
like caused by increased resistance. That is, the connecting wires
411 and 421 are formed as double layers including the first
photosensitive conductive layers 41 and 42 and the second
photosensitive conductive layers 43 and 44.
[0098] As such, as in at least one exemplary embodiment of the
present disclosure, it is possible to simultaneously and easily
form a touch sensor and wires connected thereto by using
photosensitive conductive layers having opposite
photosensitivities.
[0099] Next, as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, an insulating film is
formed on the substrate 100, and then patterned to form the
insulating layer 430.
[0100] The insulating layer 430 can be formed of an organic
material having a low dielectric constant or an inorganic material
such as a silicon oxide or a silicon nitride in a single layer or
in a plurality of layers.
[0101] Next, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the first connector 412
is formed on the insulating layer 430. The first connector 412
electrically connects adjacent first touch electrodes 410 and can
be formed of a low resistance metal, e.g., copper or aluminum.
[0102] FIG. 13 is a layout view of a touch panel according to an
exemplary embodiment. FIG. 14 consists of cross-sectional views
taken along line XIV-XIV' and line XIV'-XIV'' of FIG. 13.
[0103] The touch panel illustrated in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 is
similar to the touch sensor illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, and
thus only those portions that are different will be described in
detail.
[0104] As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the touch panel according
to the present exemplary embodiment includes a touch substrate 100,
a plurality of first touch electrode lines formed in a touch area
TA and including a plurality of first touch electrodes 410 which
are connected by a plurality of first connectors 412, and a
plurality of second touch electrode lines including a plurality of
second touch electrode 420 which are connected by a plurality of
second connectors 422. Each of the touch electrode lines is
connected to connecting wires 431 and 441 formed in a peripheral
area DA, and pads 50 are connected to one end of each of the
connecting wires 431 and 441.
[0105] The first connectors 412 are formed on an insulating layer
430 and are electrically insulated from the second connectors 422
with the insulating layer 430 interposed therebetween. The second
connectors 422 and the second touch electrodes 420 can be
integrally formed.
[0106] The first touch electrodes 410, the second connectors 422,
the second touch electrodes 420, which are formed within the touch
area TA and the pads 50 formed in the peripheral area DA, can be
formed of metal nanowires. The metal nanowires are connected to
each other in a mesh to serve as a conductive electrode.
[0107] The first touch electrodes 410, the second connectors 422,
and the second touch electrodes 420, and the pads 50 formed in the
peripheral area DA can further include an overcoat formed of a
polymer resin. The overcoat can be mixed with the metal nanowires
to be coated together therewith, or can be coated on the coated
metal nanowires.
[0108] The overcoat can include an acrylate-based organic material
such as an acryl polyester resin. The overcoat can be coated on
metal nanowires after the metal nanowires are formed. The overcoat
can fill the space between the metal nanowires to increase
adherence between the metal nanowires and the substrate 100.
[0109] The connecting wires 431 and 441 formed in the peripheral
area can be formed as double layers including lower connecting
wires 45 and 46 and upper connecting wires 47 and 48 containing the
metal nanowires.
[0110] The lower connecting wires 45 and 46 can be formed of the
same material as that of the first touch electrodes 410, the second
connectors 422, and the second touch electrodes 420, and the pads
50 formed in the peripheral area DA, and can be formed together
therewith.
[0111] The upper connecting wires 47 and 48 include photosensitive
layers formed of photosensitive materials and conductive layers
formed below the photosensitive layers to include metal nanowires.
The metal nanowires of the conductive layers are buried in the
photosensitive layers, and the conductive layers are electrically
connected to the lower connecting wires 47 and 48.
[0112] Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a touch panel
according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will
be described with reference to FIG. 15 to FIG. 21.
[0113] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
intermediate step of a process in accordance with a method of
manufacturing a touch panel according to an exemplary embodiment of
the prevent disclosure. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a
subsequent step to FIG. 15. FIG. 17 is a layout view of a
subsequent step to FIG. 16. FIG. 18 consists of cross-sectional
views take along line XVIII-XVIII' and line XVIII'-XIII'' of FIG.
17. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a subsequent step to FIG.
18. FIG. 20 is a layout view of a subsequent step to FIG. 19. FIG.
21 is cross-sectional views take along line XXI-XXI' and line
XXI'-XXI'' of FIG. 17.
[0114] First, as shown in FIG. 15, a substrate 100 is prepared, and
a conductive layer 60 is formed by coating metal nanowires, e.g.,
silver nanowires 9 on the substrate 100. The silver nanowires 9 can
be coated together with the overcoat 65 by using a solution
process, e.g., spin coating, inkjet method or screen printing.
[0115] Further, after the silver nanowires 9 are coated, the
overcoat 65 can be additionally coated to form a conductive layer
60.
[0116] Next, a photosensitive conductive layer 70 is transferred on
the conductive layer 60. The photosensitive conductive layer 70 can
be the same photosensitive conductive layer as the second
photosensitive conductive layer illustrated in FIG. 5.
Specifically, the photosensitive conductive layer 70 includes a
photosensitive resin layer 25, and a conductive layer 23 included
in the photosensitive resin layer 25. In some embodiments, silver
nanowires are buried in the conductive layer 23.
[0117] Next, as shown in FIG. 16, a first exposure is performed on
the photosensitive conductive layer 70 by using a first photomask
M1.
[0118] The first photomask M1 includes a light blocker S formed to
correspond to a region at which the touch electrode is to be formed
and a transmitting part T formed to correspond to a gap that is to
be formed between touch electrodes.
[0119] FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment where the photosensitive
conductive layer has a positive photosensitivity. In contrast, when
the photosensitive conductive layer has a negative
photosensitivity, the first photomask can include a transmitting
part formed to correspond to a region at which the touch electrode
is to be formed and a light blocker formed to correspond to a gap
that is to be formed between touch electrodes.
[0120] Next, as shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, a first preliminary
conductive pattern 88 is formed by developing the photosensitive
conductive layer. Then, the conductive layer that is exposed to a
lower portion is etched by using the first preliminary conductive
pattern 88 as a mask to form a second preliminary conductive
pattern 86.
[0121] Next, as shown in FIG. 19, a second exposure is performed on
the first preliminary conductive pattern 88 by using a second
photomask M2.
[0122] The second photomask M2 includes a transmitting part T
formed to correspond to a region at which the electrode is to be
formed, along with the pad (see FIG. 1) and a light blocker S
formed to correspond to a region (see FIG. 1) corresponding to a
wire.
[0123] Next, as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, the second touch
electrodes 420 including the first touch electrodes 410 and the
second connector 422, the pad 50, and the connecting wires 431 and
441 are formed by developing the first preliminary conductive
pattern.
[0124] The connecting wires 431 and 441 formed at the non-touch
area are respectively formed as double layers including lower
connecting wires 45 and 46 formed of conductive films and upper
connecting wires 47 and 48 formed of photosensitive conductive
layers.
[0125] The first preliminary conductive pattern has
photosensitivity, while the second preliminary conductive pattern
has no photosensitivity. Accordingly, the first preliminary
conductive pattern can be easily removed by performing exposure and
development.
[0126] As such, as in at least one exemplary embodiment of the
present disclosure, it is possible to easily manufacture a touch
sensor by selecting positive or negative photosensitivity
regardless of a photosensitive characteristic of the lower
conductive film.
[0127] Next, as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, an insulating film is
formed on the substrate 100, and is patterned to form an insulating
layer 430.
[0128] The insulating layer 430 can be formed of an organic
material having a low dielectric constant, or an inorganic material
such as a silicon oxide or a silicon nitride in a single layer or
in a plurality of layers.
[0129] The first connector 412 is formed on the insulating layer
430. The first connector 412 connects adjacent first touch
electrodes 410 and can be formed of a low resistance metal, e.g.,
copper or aluminum.
[0130] While this disclosure has been described in connection with
what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments,
it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the
disclosed embodiments but, on the contrary, is intended to cover
various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within
the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *