U.S. patent application number 15/137799 was filed with the patent office on 2016-08-18 for lubricant and functional fluid additive package, and lubricants and functional fluids containing same.
The applicant listed for this patent is MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICES CORP., DBA METSS CORPORATION. Invention is credited to William F. Ricks.
Application Number | 20160237376 15/137799 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45925605 |
Filed Date | 2016-08-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160237376 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ricks; William F. |
August 18, 2016 |
Lubricant and Functional Fluid Additive Package, and Lubricants and
Functional Fluids Containing Same
Abstract
Provided is a lubricant or functional fluid composition of a
lubricating viscosity and including: an oil, which may include one
or more polyalphaolefins; an anti-wear component which may include
alkylated triarylphosphate and partially esterified alkyl
phosphate; an antioxidant component which may include alkylated
phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures
thereof; an anti-rust component including an alkenyl succinic acid
ester anti-rust agent; and a metal deactivator component including
a tolytriazole derivative. Also included are additives and additive
kits for combining with an oil to form the a lubricant or
functional fluid composition.
Inventors: |
Ricks; William F.;
(Westerville, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICES CORP., DBA
METSS CORPORATION |
Westerville |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
45925605 |
Appl. No.: |
15/137799 |
Filed: |
April 25, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13848227 |
Mar 21, 2013 |
9321980 |
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15137799 |
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12924984 |
Oct 8, 2010 |
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13848227 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2040/135 20200501;
C10M 169/044 20130101; C10M 2223/02 20130101; C10M 105/04 20130101;
C10N 2020/02 20130101; C10M 2215/182 20130101; C10N 2030/14
20130101; C10N 2040/04 20130101; C10M 2207/288 20130101; C10N
2030/10 20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101; C10M 2229/041 20130101;
C10N 2040/30 20130101; C10M 169/04 20130101; C10N 2040/00 20130101;
C10M 133/12 20130101; C10M 2207/026 20130101; C10M 129/72 20130101;
C10M 141/10 20130101; C10N 2030/20 20130101; C10M 2215/223
20130101; C10M 2223/041 20130101; C10M 2203/0206 20130101; C10M
2207/282 20130101; C10M 2205/0285 20130101; C10N 2040/08 20130101;
C10M 155/02 20130101; C10M 2215/065 20130101; C10N 2030/12
20130101; C10M 2215/06 20130101; C10M 2223/04 20130101; C10M 137/02
20130101; C10M 133/44 20130101; C10M 2215/064 20130101; C10N
2030/18 20130101; C10M 2205/0285 20130101; C10M 2205/0285
20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 169/04 20060101
C10M169/04; C10M 137/02 20060101 C10M137/02; C10M 155/02 20060101
C10M155/02; C10M 129/72 20060101 C10M129/72; C10M 133/44 20060101
C10M133/44; C10M 105/04 20060101 C10M105/04; C10M 133/12 20060101
C10M133/12 |
Goverment Interests
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
[0002] This invention was made with government support under
contract no. N00024-05-C-4169 awarded by the Department of Defense.
The government may have certain rights in the invention.
Claims
1. A lubricant or functional fluid composition of a lubricating
viscosity and comprising: (a) a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity
of about 10 centiStokes at 100.degree. C. and present in said
lubricant or functional fluid composition in a range of from about
84 percent to about 88 percent by weight; (b) a polyalphaolefin
having a viscosity of about 40 centiStokes at 100.degree. C. and
present in said lubricant or functional fluid composition in a
range of from about 11 percent to about 13 percent by weight; (c)
an anti-wear component consisting essentially of 95% isopropylated
triarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl phosphate, said dodecyl phosphate
being only partially esterified, said anti-wear component present
in said polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent
to about 2.00 percent by weight, said anti-wear component being
characterized by an acid value from about 10 mg KOH/g to about 15
mg KOH/g; (d) an antioxidant component selected from the group
consisting of alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine,
phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures thereof, and present in
said polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.75 percent to
about 2.00 percent by weight; (e) an anti-rust component comprising
an alkenyl succinic acid ester anti-rust agent, and present in said
polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.025 percent to
about 0.075 percent by weight; and (f) a metal deactivator
component comprising a tolytriazole derivative, and present in said
polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.025 percent to
about 0.075 percent by weight.
2. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1,
wherein said polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 10
centiStokes at 100.degree. C. is present in said lubricant or
functional fluid composition in an amount of about 86 percent by
weight; and wherein said polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of
about 40 centiStokes at 100.degree. C. is present in said lubricant
or functional fluid composition in an amount of about 12 percent by
weight.
3. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1,
wherein said antioxidant component is present in said polyolefin
oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent to about 2.00
percent by weight.
4. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 3,
wherein said antioxidant component consists essentially of the
alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.
5. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1,
wherein said anti-rust component is present in said polyolefin oil
blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent to about 0.055 percent
by weight.
6. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 5,
wherein said anti-rust component consists essentially of the
alkenyl succinic acid ester anti-rust agent.
7. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1,
wherein said metal deactivator component is present in said
polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent to
about 0.055 percent by weight.
8. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 7,
wherein said anti-rust component consists essentially of the
tolytriazole derivative.
9. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1,
characterized by a Wedeven Associates Machine (WAM) load stage
failure test rating of about the same or greater compared to a WAM
load stage failure test rating of 2190-TEP under the same test
conditions.
10. A lubricant or functional fluid composition of a lubricating
viscosity, comprising: a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of
about 10 centiStokes at 100.degree. C. and present in the lubricant
or functional fluid composition in an amount of 85.8 percent by
weight; a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 40
centiStokes at 100.degree. C. and present in the lubricant or
functional fluid composition in an amount of 12 percent by weight;
an anti-wear component consisting essentially of 95% isopropylated
triarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl phosphate, the dodecyl phosphate
being only partially esterified, the anti-wear component present in
the polyolefin oil blend in an amount of 1 percent by weight, the
anti-wear component characterized by an acid value from about 10 mg
KOH/g to about 15 mg KOH/g; an antioxidant component selected from
the group consisting of alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine,
phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures thereof, the antioxidant
being present in the polyolefin oil blend in an amount of 1 percent
by weight; an anti-rust component comprising an alkenyl succinic
acid ester anti-rust agent, the anti-rust component being present
in the polyolefin oil blend in an amount of about 0.1 percent by
weight; a metal deactivator component comprising a tolytriazole
derivative, the metal deactivator component being present in the
polyolefin oil blend in an amount of 0.1 percent by weight; a dye
present in the polyolefin oil blend in an amount of 0.01 percent by
weight; and a polydimethlysiloxane present in the polyolefin oil
blend in an amount of 0.002 percent by weight, the lubricant or
functional fluid composition being characterized by a Wedeven
Associates Machine (WAM) load stage failure test rating of about
the same or greater compared to a WAM load stage failure test
rating of 2190-TEP under the same test conditions.
11. A lubricant or functional fluid composition of a lubricating
viscosity and comprising: a polyolefin oil blend, comprising: a
polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 10 centiStokes at
100.degree. C. and present in the lubricant or functional fluid
composition in a range of from about 84 percent to about 88 percent
by weight; and a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 40
centiStokes at 100.degree. C. and present in the lubricant or
functional fluid composition in a range of from about 11 percent to
about 13 percent by weight; an anti-wear component consisting
essentially of 95% isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl
phosphate, the dodecyl phosphate being only partially esterified,
the anti-wear component being present in the polyolefin oil blend
in a range of from about 1 percent by weight to about 2 percent by
weight, the anti-wear component being characterized by an acid
value of from about 10 mg KOH/g to about 15 mg KOH/g; an
antioxidant component selected from the group consisting of
alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine
and mixtures thereof, the antioxidant component being present in
the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.75 percent by
weight to about 2 percent by weight; an anti-rust component
comprising an alkenyl succinic acid ester anti-rust agent, the
anti-rust component being present in the polyolefin oil blend in a
range of from about 0.05 percent by weight to about 0.125 percent
by weight; and a metal deactivator component comprising a
tolytriazole derivative, the metal deactivator component being
present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.025
percent by weight to about 0.125 percent by weight.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation application of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 13/848,227, filed Mar. 21, 2013, which
is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/924,984,
filed Oct. 8, 2010, each of which is entirely incorporated herein
by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Provided are lubricant and functional fluids and
applications therefor.
BACKGROUND
[0004] Lubricants and functional fluids used in submarine
propulsion systems must meet challenging operating conditions.
Submarines function very independently which means that their
operating systems need to perform reliably over long time periods.
If a problem occurs with a submarine at sea, the chances for
outside assistance are remote. A lubricating fluid in a submarine
must therefore be very reliable and due to weight restraints
multifunctional.
[0005] The current lubricating oil used in submarines (known as
2190-TEP) is a mineral oil based fluid that meets the military
specification MIL-PRF-17331. This oil has been used in submarines
for the past forty years but the US Navy has increased the severity
of the operating conditions in its fleet.
[0006] One of the principal objectives of the present invention is
to provide lubricating oil that can provide effective lubricity to
faster new drive systems that have much higher gear-to-fluid volume
interactions, while under higher operating temperatures, which lead
to more thermal efficiency. The net result of these more stressful
operating conditions is that the existing fluid is failing more
quickly leading to high oil replacement and high disposal
costs.
[0007] The three problems associated with this general objective
are (a) high depletion of antioxidants in the mineral oil based
fluid, (b) sharp increases in total acid number and (c) severe
off-gassing events. Degradation leads to the formation of
components such as formaldehyde and carbon monoxide that can be
particularly hazardous in the close operating conditions of the
submarine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The embodiments of the invention described herein addresses
the shortcomings of the prior art.
[0009] The more rigorous performance conditions demanded by newer
ships can be handled by the switch to the lubricating fluids in
accordance with the present invention. In addition to submarines,
newer surface ships with controllable pitch propeller systems have
placed additional demands on the existing 2190-TEP lubricant. The
fluids of the present invention may also find advantageous use as
hydraulic fluids, air compressor fluids and reducing gear fluids,
giving the advantage that a single formulation may be produced,
stored and sourced for a variety of uses, especially beneficial
while at sea. Accordingly, applications for lubricant or functional
fluid additive packages and lubricants and functional fluids of the
present invention include lubricating and hydraulic oil, and other
functional fluids for motion control, steam turbines and gears in
ships and submarines, as submarine air compressor lubricating oil,
and in controllable pitch propeller systems in ships and
submarines.
[0010] In addition, lubricant or functional fluid additive packages
and lubricants and functional fluids of the present invention may
find additional commercial applications in lubricating environments
involving desired low turnover and/or high gear-to-fluid volume
interactions, such as may be found, for instance in wind turbine
gear systems.
[0011] Of particular interest in many military applications are new
lubricants or functional fluids that are able to provide both
corrosion resistance and lubricating properties. Until now no
synthetic lubricant composition has met certain stringent military
requirements such as those in U.S. military specification
MIL-PRF-17331 for both lubricating and anticorrosive
properties.
[0012] In addition, fluids of the present invention may be used in
the wind turbine industry. Many of the issues faced in submarines
are also presented in wind turbines, which must operate over long
operating time intervals in remote locations, and with substantial
effort and expense associated with lubricant change-over.
[0013] The invention includes an additive package, a lubricant or
functional fluid including the additive package, and devices
containing the lubricant or functional fluid.
Lubricant or Functional Fluid Additive
[0014] In general terms, the lubricant or functional fluid additive
of the invention may be described as a lubricant or functional
fluid additive for a polyolefin oil blend, including a mixture of:
(a) an anti-wear component consisting essentially of 95%
isopropylated triarylphosphate, which has the following general
chemical structure:
##STR00001##
[0015] and 5% dodecyl phosphate, which has the following general
chemical structure:
##STR00002##
[0016] the dodecyl phosphate being only partially esterified, the
anti-wear component present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range
of from about 0.75 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight; (b) an
antioxidant component selected from the group consisting of
alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine ("APAN"),
phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine ("PAN") and mixtures thereof, and
present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.75
percent to about 2.00 percent by weight; (c) an anti-rust component
including an alkylated succinic acid ester anti-rust agent, and
present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.025
percent to about 0.075 percent by weight; and (d) a metal
deactivator component including a tolytriazole derivative, which
has the following general chemical structure:
##STR00003##
[0017] and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from
about 0.025 percent to about 0.075 percent by weight.
[0018] It is preferred that the antioxidant component is present in
the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent to
about 2.00 percent by weight, and also that the anti-wear component
consists essentially of Durad 310M.
[0019] It is preferred that the anti-wear component is present in
the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent to
about 2.00 percent by weight, and also that the antioxidant
component consists essentially of Naugalube APAN or PAN, which has
the following general chemical structure:
##STR00004##
[0020] In this same regard, it was found that, where the anti-wear
component consists essentially of APAN and/or PAN, or consists only
of APAN and/or PAN, the most improved anti-oxidative performance
was achieved.
[0021] As to the anti-rust component, it is preferred that the
anti-rust component is present in the polyolefin oil blend in a
range of from about 0.045 percent to about 0.055 percent by weight,
and also that the anti-rust component consists essentially of
LZ-859, which has the following general chemical structure:
##STR00005##
[0022] The metal deactivator component is preferably present in the
polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent to
about 0.055 percent by weight, and also preferably consists
essentially of Irgamet 39.
[0023] In the preferred embodiment, the lubricant additive for a
polyolefin oil blend may include a mixture of: (a) an anti-wear
component consisting essentially of 95% isopropylated
triarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl phosphate, the dodecyl phosphate
being only partially esterified, the anti-wear component present in
the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent to
about 2.00 percent by weight; (b) an antioxidant component selected
from the group consisting of alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine,
phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures thereof, and present in the
polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent to about
2.00 percent by weight; (c) an anti-rust component including an
alkylated succinic acid ester anti-rust agent, and present in the
polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent to
about 0.055 percent by weight; and (d) a metal deactivator
component including a tolytriazole derivative, and present in the
polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent to
about 0.055 percent by weight.
Lubricant/Functional Fluid Composition
[0024] The lubricant/functional fluid composition of the present
invention is of a lubricating viscosity and may include: (a) a
polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 10 centiStokes at
100.degree. C. and present in the lubricant or functional fluid
composition in a range of from about 84 percent to about 88 percent
by weight; (b) a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 40
centiStokes at 100.degree. C. and present in the lubricant or
functional fluid composition in a range of from about 11 percent to
about 13 percent by weight; (c) an anti-wear component consisting
essentially of 95% isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl
phosphate, the dodecyl phosphate being only partially esterified,
the anti-wear component present in the polyolefin oil blend in a
range of from about 0.75 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight;
(d) an antioxidant component selected from the group consisting of
alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine
and mixtures thereof, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a
range of from about 0.75 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight;
(e) an anti-rust component including an alkylated succinic acid
ester anti-rust agent, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a
range of from about 0.025 percent to about 0.075 percent by weight;
and (f) a metal deactivator component including a tolytriazole
derivative, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of
from about 0.025 percent to about 0.075 percent by weight.
[0025] Preferably, the polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about
10 centiStokes at 100.degree. C. is present in the lubricant or
functional fluid composition in an amount of about 86 percent by
weight; and the polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 40
centiStokes at 100.degree. C. is present in the lubricant or
functional fluid composition in an amount of about 12 percent by
weight.
[0026] The preferred parameters of the additive package may be as
set forth above.
[0027] The lubricant or functional fluid additive and lubricant or
functional fluid composition of the present invention optionally
may include one or more dyes, such as Unisol Liquid Red BHF, or
Silicone Oil (polydimethlysiloxane), such as Dow Corning 200, which
has the following general chemical structure:
##STR00006##
[0028] The preferred lubricant/functional fluid composition may
include:
TABLE-US-00001 PAO 10 85.788 PAO 40 12.000 Durad 310M 1.000
Naugalube APAN 1.000 LZ-859 0.100 Irgamet 39 0.100 Unisol Liquid
Red 0.010 BHF Dow Corning 200 0.002
[0029] As to uses of the present invention, the lubricant or
functional fluid or functional fluid may find uses in any
application requiring high performance, with the advantages of
stable storage and use in environments that may have to accommodate
low lubricant or functional fluid turnover. Examples may include
marine and submarine use, as well as lubrication and functional
fluid applications in wind turbines and the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] FIGS. 1A-1C includes depictions of an apparatus used in a
wear test used to validate results obtained in accordance with an
example embodiment; FIG. 1A is an illustration of a specimen
configuration; FIG. 1B is an illustration of a gear material; and
FIG. 1C is an illustration of specimen processing.
[0031] FIG. 2 is a graph of the parameters of the results obtained
in a high speed load capacity test, validating the beneficial
characteristics obtained in accordance with an example
embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0032] In accordance with the foregoing summary, the following
describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention which is
considered to be the best mode thereof. The invention will now be
described in detail with regard for the best mode and preferred
embodiment.
[0033] The following technical reports describe the development of
the antioxidant as well as a brief chronological summary of the
2190-S fluid development.
[0034] The research was designed to develop a synthetic alternative
to Navy 2190-TEP. A series of synthetic basestocks and mixtures
were evaluated, such as polyalphaolefins, alkylated naphthalenes,
diesters, polyol esters and polyalkylene glycols, all containing a
common commercially available additive package. Lubrizol 857
additive was used, which is recommended at a treat level of
1.4-3.0% in petroleum basestocks to meet the requirements of Navy's
MIL-PRF-17331 specification. The research identified 3 candidate
fluids that looked promising in most regards, with the exception of
rust protection.
[0035] Further research focused on improving the rust protection of
the candidate formulations. The Lubrizol 857 package was
recommended for use at 1.4-3.0%, and was applied initially at a
level of 1.5%. Increasing the concentration of the LZ 857 to
3.0-5.0% improved the rust protection, but it was found to be
insoluble in the PAO basestock at concentrations above 2.0%. One of
the major components of LZ-857 is tricresyl phosphate (TCP)
antiwear (AW) additive. Solubility experiments showed that TCP has
poor solubility in PAO.
[0036] It became apparent that there was still a need to improve
the solubility of the antiwear additive in PAO. Chemtura of
Middlebury, Conn. manufactures TCP under the trade name Durad 125.
The Durad product line includes a number of other alkylated
triarylphosphate esters with larger alkyl groups on the
triarylphosphate. Durad 300 is an isopropylated triarylphosphate
and Durad 620B is a t-butylated triaryphosphate. It was found that
substituting the methyl groups on TCP with isopropyl or t-butyl
groups greatly improved the PAO solubility of these AW
additives.
[0037] It was further determined to examine other components of the
additive package to see what other attributes of the finished fluid
could be improved by reformulation of the additive. The second
major component of the Lubrizol 857 additive package is the
antioxidant (AO). Most of the AO development effort was conducted
over a period of several months. It was during this period that PAN
and APAN were identified as the best AO performers and BC-1 as the
best finished fluid formulation.
[0038] A foaming test indicated that the BC-1 formula required an
antifoam (AF) additive to meet the specification requirements, so a
polydimethylsoloxane, Dow Corning 200, was added, with the new
formula being called BC-1A. BC-1A remained the best candidate for
two years until evaluated against the existing 2190-TEP fluid in an
FZG gear lubrication test. Although BC-1A met the MIL-PRF-17331
specification gear test requirement, it did not perform as well as
2190-TEP.
[0039] It was determined to adjust the formulation again by
modifying the Durad AW additive. Durad 310M is a mixture of 95%
Durad 300 isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl phosphate.
The dodecyl phosphate is only partially esterified, leaving some
free acid phosphate present that is inherently more reactive
towards active sites on a steel gear surface. The free acid
phosphate acts as a trigger to initiate the formation of an iron
phosphate lubricating film at the asperity contacts of the rubbing
steel surfaces. A test method was needed to optimize the AW
characteristics and gear lubrication properties of the
formulation.
[0040] The US Navy has used the Ryder Gear Test as a means of
evaluating aviation gas turbine engine oils. While it has enjoyed a
successful history, it also has some drawbacks as a test. A few
years ago, the Navy funded Wedeven Associates to develop an
alternative test to simulate the speeds, loads and sliding forces
experienced by gear teeth. See FIG. 1. The Wedeven Associates
Machine (WAM) utilizes a steel ball rotating on a rotating disc,
which are driven independently, allowing for full rolling motion,
full sliding motion, or anything in between. To demonstrate the
invention, 7-8 different formulations prepared with varying
concentrations of Durad 620B and Durad 310M. The WAM test results
showed a treat level of 1% Durad 310M to provide the most cost
effective means of achieving the same AW characteristics and gear
lubrication properties as the incumbent 2190-TEP fluid. This
formulation is referred to as BC-1A-5 and is the current 2190-S
formula.
[0041] The preferred lubricant/functional fluid composition
includes:
TABLE-US-00002 PAO 10 85.788 PAO 40 12.000 Durad 310M 1.000
Naugalube APAN 1.000 LZ-859 0.100 Irgamet 39 0.100 Unisol Liquid
Red 0.010 BHF Dow Corning 200 0.002
Antioxidant Evaluation
[0042] The effectiveness of various antioxidants in the synthetic
fluid was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
in accordance with the ASTM D6186 method to measure the oxidation
induction time of the fluid formulations. Initially the
formulations were tested under conditions of atmospheric pressure
and 200.degree. C. Later the test conditions were modified by
decreasing the temperature to 180 and increasing pressure to 500
PSI. An iron catalyst was also added to promote oxidation.
[0043] In both sets of tests, formulation BC-7 containing
phenylalphanaphthylamine (PAN) and BC-1 containing alkylated
phenylalphanaphthylamine (APAN) proved to offer superior oxidation
resistance.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 Antioxidant Comparison 2190-TEP BC-1 BC-3
BC-4 BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 PAO-10 (B) -- 87.8 85.8 85.8 85.8 85.8 85.8
PAO-40 (C) -- 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Durad 620B -- 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 LZ-859 -- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Irgamet 39 -- 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Antioxidants Naugalube -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- --
APAN Vanlube 81 -- -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- Naugalube 640 -- -- -- 1.0 --
-- -- Naugalube -- -- -- -- 1.0 -- -- 438L Naugalube 531 -- -- --
-- -- 1.0 -- Ciba L06 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 Total -- 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 DSC OIT @ 22 106 14 9 11 20 78 200 C., min.
PDSC OIT @ 15 93 32 40 24 7 115 180 C., min (With 50 ppm Fe
Catalyst)
[0044] These results demonstrate the unanticipated results obtained
with the preferred embodiment of the present invention with respect
to the antioxidant performance, as compared to other formulations
outside the scope of the present invention.
Lubrication Evaluation
[0045] Rapid and fairly economical tribological test methods that
may simulate the sliding friction and forces of gear teeth, such as
those developed by Wedeven Associates, use a WAM ball-on-disk
machine as shown in FIG. 1. Both the ball and disk are made of AISI
9310 steel typically used for gear applications, and are
independently driven so their rotational speeds and contact load
can be controlled. The test was actually developed with funding
from NAVAIR in an effort to develop an alternative to their Ryder
Gear Test Method that has been routinely used to evaluate aviation
gearbox and gas turbine engine oils. The lubrication
characteristics of the 2190-S fluid were optimized through
subjecting a series of formulations for WAM Load Capacity
testing.
[0046] Originally, samples of Navy 2190-TEP and the current 2190-S
(labeled BC-1A) were tested, along with two additional formulations
BC-1A-2 and BC-1A-3. The formulation designated 2190-S (BC-1A)
contained 1% Durad 620B anti-wear additive. BC-1A-2 contained 2% of
Durad 620B and BC-1A-3 contained 1.5% Durad 620B and 0.5% Durad
310M. Navy 2190-TEP exhibited a WAM Load Stage Failure of 24, while
the BC-1A, BC-1A-2 and BC-1A-3 gave load stage failures of 14, 18
and 23 respectively.
[0047] Based on these results, it became clear that the Durad 310M
was a much more effective load carrying additive than Durad 620B.
In order to optimize the formulation for cost and performance,
three more fluids were prepared. BC-1A-4 contained 0.5% each of
620B and 310M, BC-1A-5 contained 1.0% 310M alone, and BC-1A-6
contained 1.0% each of 620B and 310M. These fluids produced load
stage failures of 23, 26 and 26 respectively. BC-1A-5 is considered
to be the optimum formulation because it provides the highest load
capacity at the lowest anti-wear additive treat level. Fluid
formulations and corresponding WAM load stage failure loads are
listed in Table 2.
[0048] Durad 620B and 310M are similar compounds with important
differences. Both are alkylated triphenyl phosphates, but the alkyl
groups on the 620B are butyl groups, while those on 310M are
isopropyl groups. More importantly, the 310M contains 5% of an
alkyl acid phosphate, which gives the 310M and acid value of 10-15
mg KOH/g versus an acid value of 0.1 maximum for 620B. The free
acid phosphate has a strong affinity for metal surfaces and forms
lubricious surface films more readily than the neutral acid
phosphate.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2 Effect of Antiwear Additive Package on WAM
Load Capacity Fluid 2190- Components TEP BC-1A BC-1A-2 BC-1A-3
BC-1A-4 BC-1A-5 BC-1A-6 PAO 10 85.788 84.788 84.888 85.888 85.888
84.888 PAO 40 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 Durad 620B
1.000 2.000 1.500 0.500 1.000 Durad 310M 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000
APAN 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 LZ 859 0.100 0.100 0.050
0.050 0.050 0.050 Irgamet 39 0.100 0.100 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
Unisol Red 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 DC-200 0.002 0.002
0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 TOTAL 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000
100.000 100.000 100.000 WAM Load 24 14 18 23 23 26 26 Stage
Failure
[0049] FIG. 2 is a graph of the parameters of the results obtained
in a high speed load capacity test, validating the beneficial
characteristics obtained in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention.
[0050] These results further demonstrate the unanticipated results
obtained with the preferred embodiment of the present invention
with respect to the further anti-wear package performance, in
addition to the results obtained with respect to the antioxidant
performance described above as compared to other formulations
outside the scope of the present invention.
[0051] The instant invention is shown and described herein in what
is considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments.
It is recognized, however, that departures may be made therefrom
which are within the scope of the invention, and that obvious
modifications will occur to one skilled in the art upon reading
this disclosure.
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