U.S. patent application number 14/014239 was filed with the patent office on 2016-07-21 for dynamic intelligent bidirectional optical access communication system with object/intelligent appliance-to-object/intelligent appliance interaction.
The applicant listed for this patent is Mohammad A. Mazed. Invention is credited to Mohammad A. Mazed.
Application Number | 20160212512 14/014239 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44187730 |
Filed Date | 2016-07-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160212512 |
Kind Code |
A9 |
Mazed; Mohammad A. |
July 21, 2016 |
DYNAMIC INTELLIGENT BIDIRECTIONAL OPTICAL ACCESS COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM WITH OBJECT/INTELLIGENT APPLIANCE-TO-OBJECT/INTELLIGENT
APPLIANCE INTERACTION
Abstract
Reduced Rayleigh backscattering effect enables a longer-reach
optical access communication network-thus it eliminates significant
costs. Furthermore, a wavelength to an intelligent subscriber
subsystem can be dynamically varied for bandwidth on-Demand and
service on-Demand. A software module renders intelligence (and
context awareness) to a subscriber subsystem and an appliance. An
object can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and
connect/couple/interact (via one or more or all
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor
communication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object)
with another object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an
intelligent appliance utilizing an Internet protocol version 6
(IPv6) and its subsequent versions. A construction of a near-field
communication (NFC) enabled intelligent micro-subsystem and/or
intelligent appliance with key applications (e.g., an intelligent,
location based and personalized social network and an intelligent,
location based and personalized direct and peer-to-peer marketing)
are also described.
Inventors: |
Mazed; Mohammad A.; (Yorba
Linda, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Mazed; Mohammad A. |
Yorba Linda |
CA |
US |
|
|
Prior
Publication: |
|
Document Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20150382089 A1 |
December 31, 2015 |
|
|
Family ID: |
44187730 |
Appl. No.: |
14/014239 |
Filed: |
August 29, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12931384 |
Jan 31, 2011 |
8548334 |
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14014239 |
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12238286 |
Sep 25, 2008 |
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12931384 |
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11952001 |
Dec 6, 2007 |
8073331 |
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12238286 |
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61404504 |
Oct 5, 2010 |
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60868838 |
Dec 6, 2006 |
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60883727 |
Jan 5, 2007 |
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60970487 |
Sep 6, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04Q 2011/0016 20130101;
H01S 5/06256 20130101; H04Q 2011/0032 20130101; H01S 5/06258
20130101; H04Q 11/0005 20130101; H01S 5/0265 20130101; H04J 14/0223
20130101; H01S 3/101 20130101; H04Q 11/0067 20130101; H04Q
2011/0064 20130101; H04B 10/272 20130101; H04B 10/5161 20130101;
H04J 14/0282 20130101; H04J 14/0256 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04Q 11/00 20060101
H04Q011/00; H04B 10/516 20060101 H04B010/516; H04J 14/02 20060101
H04J014/02 |
Claims
1-26. (canceled)
27. An optical system, comprising: (a) a node configured with a
remote node comprising: at least one single-mode optical fiber; (b)
the node configured with the remote node comprising: at least one
optical subsystem, wherein the optical subsystem is selected from
the group consisting of: a wavelength division multiplexer, a
wavelength division demultiplexer and a cyclic arrayed waveguide
grating router; (c) the node further comprising: a first optical
subsystem and a second optical subsystem, wherein the first optical
subsystem is configured for transmission of more than one gigabit
per second of optical signals, wherein the optical signals are
selected from one or more wavelengths of a first set of
wavelengths, wherein the second optical subsystem is configured for
reception of at least one gigabit per second of optical signals,
wherein the optical signals are selected from one or more
wavelengths of a second set of wavelengths, which are offsets in
wavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths; and (d)
the remote node comprising: a subscriber optical subsystem, wherein
the subscriber optical subsystem is configured for reception of
more than one gigabit per second of optical signals, wherein the
optical signals are selected from one or more wavelengths of the
first set of wavelengths, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem
is further configured for transmission of at least one gigabit per
second of optical signals, wherein the optical signals are selected
from one or more wavelengths of the second set of wavelengths,
which are offset in wavelengths with respect to the first set of
wavelengths, wherein the transmission of optical signals is
configured by an optical micro-subsystem at the subscriber optical
subsystem, wherein the optical micro-subsystem is configured in a
looped arrangement, wherein the optical micro-subsystem is further
configured for phase modulation and intensity modulation, wherein
the optical micro-subsystem is further configured for amplification
or attenuation of optical signals.
28. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the optical
system further comprises a local node.
29. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the node
further comprises a local node.
30. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the optical
system further comprises a transmission protocol, wherein the
transmission protocol is selected from the group consisting of: a
time division multiplexing and a broadcast.
31. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the optical
system further comprises a reception protocol, wherein the
reception protocol is selected from the group consisting of: a time
division multiplexing and a broadcast.
32. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the optical
system further comprises an electronic circuit module, wherein the
electronic circuit module is selected from the group consisting of:
a pilot-tone modulation circuit, a burst-mode circuit, a
forward-error correction circuit and an electronic dispersion
compensation circuit.
33. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the optical
system further comprises an optical module, wherein the optical
module is selected from the group consisting of: a laser, a
photodiode, a modulator, a demodulator, a phase-to-intensity
converter, an optical amplifier, an optical power combiner, an
optical power decombiner, a wavelength combiner, a wavelength
decombiner, an arrayed waveguide grating router, a cyclic arrayed
waveguide grating router, a space switch, an optical switch, an
optical circulator, an optical filter, an optical intensity
attenuator and a dispersion-compensated single-mode optical
fiber.
34. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an optical amplifier
module and an optical module, wherein the optical module is
selected from the group consisting of: a laser, a phase modulator,
an intensity modulator and an optical intensity attenuator.
35. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises a photodiode module,
an optical circulator and an optical filter.
36. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an internet address,
an internet firewall, a spyware and an algorithm, wherein the
algorithm is selected from the group consisting of: a user
specified safety control algorithm, an in situ diagnostics
algorithm, a remote diagnostics algorithm and an authentication
algorithm.
37. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises a connection module,
wherein the connection module is selected from the group consisting
of: an electrical wire, a radio module, an electro-magnetic
induction module and a sensor module.
38. The optical system according to claim 37, wherein the radio
module is selected from the group consisting of: an ultra-wideband
module, a millimeter wave module, a software-defined radio module
and a position module.
39. The optical system according to claim 38, wherein the position
module is selected from the group consisting of: a Bluetooth
module, a WiFi module, a GPS module and an electronic compass
module.
40. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an electronic
module, wherein the electronic module is selected from the group
consisting of: a voice processing module, a video compression
module, a content over-IP module, a video conference over-IP
module, a 3D video conference over-IP module, a voice-to-text
module and a text-to-voice module.
41. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an algorithm,
wherein the algorithm is selected from the group consisting of: a
voice processing algorithm, a video compression algorithm, a
content over-IP algorithm, a video conference over-IP algorithm, a
3D video conference over-IP algorithm, a voice-to-text algorithm
and a text-to-voice algorithm.
42. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an electronic
module, wherein the electronic module is selected from the group
consisting of: a set top box, an internet connected set top box, a
personal video recorder, an internet connected personal video
recorder, a personal server, an internet connected personal server,
a time-shift module, an internet connected time-shift module, a
place-shift module and an internet connected place-shift
module.
43. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an intelligence
rendering algorithm.
44. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an algorithm with a
software agent.
45. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem is further configured for
sensor-awareness.
46. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical system is further configured for
context-awareness.
47. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem is further configured with a
connection module, wherein the connection module is selected from
the group consisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, an
electro-magnetic induction module, a sensor module and a bio-sensor
module for a coupling with an object, wherein the object comprises
an electrical power source module and wherein the object further
comprises a module selected from the group consisting of: a sensor
module, a bio-sensor module and a radio module.
48. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem is further configured with a
connection module, wherein the connection module is selected from
the group consisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, an
electro-magnetic induction module, a sensor module and a bio-sensor
module for a coupling with an appliance, wherein the appliance
comprises an IP address, an operating system algorithm, a processor
module, a memory module, a display module, a microphone module, a
camera module, a radio module and an electrical power source
module.
49. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem is further configured with connection
module, wherein the connection module is selected from the group
consisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, an
electro-magnetic induction module, a sensor module and a bio-sensor
module for a coupling to an appliance, wherein the appliance
comprises an IP address, an operating system algorithm, an
intelligence rendering algorithm, a processor module, a memory
module, a display module, a microphone module, a camera module, a
radio module and an electrical power source module.
50. The optical system according to claim 27, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem is further configured with connection
module, wherein the connection module is selected from the group
consisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, an
electro-magnetic induction module, a sensor module and a bio-sensor
module for a coupling to an appliance, wherein the appliance
comprises IP address, an operating system algorithm, an
intelligence rendering algorithm, an algorithm with a software
agent, a processor module, a memory module, a display module, a
microphone module, a camera module, a radio module and an
electrical power source module.
51. An optical system, comprising: (a) a node configured with a
remote node comprising: at least one single-mode optical fiber; (b)
the node configured with the remote node comprising: at least one
optical subsystem, wherein the optical subsystem is selected from
the group consisting of: a wavelength division multiplexer, a
wavelength division demultiplexer and a cyclic arrayed waveguide
grating router; (c) the node further comprising: a first optical
subsystem and a second optical subsystem, wherein the first optical
subsystem is configured for transmission of more than one gigabit
per second of optical signals, wherein the optical signals are
selected from one or more wavelengths of a first set of
wavelengths, wherein the second optical subsystem is configured for
reception of at least one gigabit per second of optical signals,
wherein the optical signals are selected from one or more
wavelengths of a second set of wavelengths, which are offsets in
wavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths; (d) the
remote node comprising: a subscriber optical subsystem, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem is configured for reception of more
than one gigabit per second of optical signals, wherein the optical
signals are selected from one or more wavelengths of the first set
of wavelengths, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem is further
configured for transmission of at least one gigabit per second of
optical signals, wherein the optical signals are selected from one
or more wavelengths of the second set of wavelengths, which are
offset in wavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths,
wherein the transmission of optical signals is configured by an
optical micro-subsystem at the subscriber optical subsystem,
wherein the optical micro-subsystem is configured for phase
modulation and intensity modulation, wherein the optical
micro-subsystem is further configured for amplification or
attenuation of optical signals; and (e) the transmission of optical
signals is selected from the group consisting of: wavelength tuning
of the first wavelength at the node and wavelength tuning of the
second wavelength at the subscriber optical subsystem.
52. An optical system, comprising: (a) a node configured with a
remote node comprising: at least one single-mode optical fiber; (b)
the node configured with the remote node comprising: at least one
optical subsystem, wherein the optical subsystem is selected from
the group consisting of: a wavelength division multiplexer, a
wavelength division demultiplexer and a cyclic arrayed waveguide
grating router; (c) the node further comprising: a first optical
subsystem and a second optical subsystem, wherein the first optical
subsystem is configured for transmission of more than one gigabit
per second of optical signals, wherein the optical signals are
selected from one or more wavelengths of a first set of
wavelengths, wherein the second optical subsystem is configured for
reception of at least one gigabit per second of optical signals,
wherein the optical signals are selected from one or more
wavelengths of a second set of wavelengths, which are offsets in
wavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths; (d) the
remote node comprising: a subscriber optical subsystem, wherein the
subscriber optical subsystem is configured for reception of more
than one gigabit per second of optical signals, wherein the optical
signals are selected from one or more wavelengths of the first set
of wavelengths, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem is further
configured for transmission of at least one gigabit per second of
optical signals, wherein the optical signals are selected from one
or more wavelengths of the second set of wavelengths, which are
offset in wavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths,
wherein the transmission of optical signals is configured by an
optical micro-subsystem at the subscriber optical subsystem,
wherein the optical micro-subsystem is configured for phase
modulation and intensity modulation, wherein the optical
micro-subsystem is further configured for amplification or
attenuation of optical signals; and (e) the subscriber optical
subsystem is further configured for reception of an output from a
sensor.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is related to and claims its benefit
and priority to (a) U.S. provisional patent application entitled
"Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical Access Communication
System With Object/Intelligent Appliance-To-Object/Intelligent
Appliance Interaction", Ser. No. 61/404,504 filed on Oct. 5, 2010,
(b) U.S. non-provisional patent application entitled "Portable
Internet Appliance", Ser. No. 12/238,286 filed on Sep. 25, 2008 and
(c) U.S. non-provisional patent application entitled "Dynamic
Intelligent Bidirectional Optical and Wireless Access Communication
System", Ser. No. 11/952,001 filed on Dec. 6, 2007.
[0002] Furthermore, U.S. non-provisional patent application
entitled "Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical and Wireless
Access Communication System", Ser. No. 11/952,001 filed on Dec. 6,
2007 is related to and claims its benefit and priority to (a) U.S.
provisional patent application entitled "Intelligent Internet
Device", Ser. No. 60/970,487 filed on Sep. 6, 2007, (b) U.S.
provisional patent application entitled "Wavelength Shifted Dynamic
Bidirectional System", Ser. No. 60/883,727 filed on Jan. 6, 2007
and (c) U.S. provisional patent application entitled "Wavelength
Shifted Dynamic Bidirectional System", Ser. No. 60/868,838 filed on
Dec. 6, 2006.
[0003] Above US non-provisional patent applications along with U.S.
provisional applications are hereby incorporated by reference in
their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Bandwidth demand and total deployment cost (capital cost and
operational cost) of an advanced optical access communication
system are increasing, while a return on investment is decreasing.
This has created a significant business dilemma.
[0005] More than ever before, we have become more mobile and
global. An intelligent pervasive and always-on Internet access via
convergence of all (e.g., an
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor)
communication networks can provide connectivity at anytime, from
anywhere, to anything is desired.
[0006] The present invention is related to a dynamic bidirectional
optical access communication system with an intelligent subscriber
subsystem can connect/couple/interact (via one or more or all
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor
communication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an
intelligent subscriber subsystems) with another object and an
intelligent appliance utilizing an Internet protocol version 6
(IPv6) and its subsequent versions.
[0007] An intelligent subscriber system and/or an object and/or an
intelligent appliance comprises one/more of the following modules
(wherein a module is defined as a functional integration of
critical electrical/optical/radio/sensor components, circuits and
algorithms/stacks-needed to achieve a desired function/property of
a module): a laser, a photodiode, a modulator, a demodulator, a
phase-to-intensity converter, an amplifier, a wavelength
combiner/decombiner, an optical power combiner/decombiner, a cyclic
arrayed waveguide router, a micro-electrical-mechanical-systems
(MEMS) space switch, an optical switch, an optical circulator, an
optical filter, an optical intensity attenuator, a processor, a
memory, a display, a microphone, a camera, a sensor, a biological
sensor, a radio, a near-field-communication, a scanner, a power
source, (b) an embedded and/or a cloud based operating system
software module (wherein a software module is defined as a
functional integration of critical algorithms/stacks-needed to
achieve a desired function/property of a software module) and/or
(c) an embedded and/or a cloud based intelligence rendering
software module.
[0008] Furthermore, an object can
sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and
connect/couple/interact (via one or more or all
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor
communication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object)
with another object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an
intelligent appliance utilizing an Internet protocol version 6
(IPv6) and its subsequent versions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] A dynamic intelligent bidirectional optical access
communication system utilizes two critical optical modules: a phase
modulator and an intensity modulator at an intelligent subscriber
subsystem. Together, these two critical optical modules can reduce
the Rayleigh backscattering effect on the propagation of optical
signals.
[0010] Reduced Rayleigh backscattering effect can enable a
longer-reach optical access communication network (longer-reach
than that of a currently deployed optical access communication
network) between an intelligent subscriber subsystem and a super
node (e.g., many neighbouring nodes collapsed into a preferred
super node). Such a longer-reach optical access communication
network eliminates significant costs related to a vast array of
middle equipment (e.g., a router/switch) which otherwise would be
needed between a standard node (without a super node configuration)
and a large number of remote nodes, according to a currently
deployed optical access communication network.
[0011] In one key embodiment of the present invention, a
bidirectional optical access communication system can be configured
to be capable of a longer-reach optical access communication
network.
[0012] In another key embodiment of the present invention, a
bidirectional optical access communication system can be configured
to be capable of dynamically providing wavelength on-Demand and/or
bandwidth on-Demand and/or service on-Demand.
[0013] In another key embodiment of the present invention, a
construction of a wavelength-tunable laser component/module is
described.
[0014] In another key embodiment of the present invention, an
optical signal can be routed to an intended destination securely by
extracting an intended destination from a destination marker
optical signal.
[0015] In another key embodiment of the present invention, a
construction and applications of an object is described.
[0016] In another key embodiment of the present invention, an
object can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and
connect/couple/interact (via one or more or all
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor
communication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object)
with another object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an
intelligent appliance utilizing an Internet protocol version 6
(IPv6) and its subsequent versions.
[0017] In another key embodiment of the present invention, an
intelligence rendering software module allows a subscriber
subsystem to adapt/learn/relearn a user's
interests/preferences/patterns and thereby rendering an
intelligence to a subscriber subsystem.
[0018] In another key embodiment of the present invention, an
intelligence rendering software module allows an appliance to
adapt/learn/relearn a user's interests/preferences/patterns and
thereby rendering an intelligence to an appliance.
[0019] In another key embodiment of the present invention, a
construction of a near-field communication (NFC) enabled
micro-subsystem/intelligent appliance is described.
[0020] In another key embodiment of the present invention, a
portfolio of key applications (e.g., an intelligent, location based
and personalized social network and direct/peer-to-peer marketing)
are also described.
[0021] The present invention can be better understood in the
description below with accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a bidirectional optical access communication
network 100, according to one embodiment of the present
invention.
[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a dynamic bidirectional optical access
communication network 100, according to another embodiment of the
present invention.
[0024] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of an optical processing micro-subsystem 360
(within an intelligent subscriber subsystem), according to another
embodiment of the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 3A illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a wavelength tunable (narrowly) laser component,
according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] FIG. 3B illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a wavelength tunable (widely) laser array
module, according to another embodiment of the present
invention.
[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340,
according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of an object 720, according to another embodiment
of the present invention.
[0029] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of an intelligent appliance 880, according to
another embodiment of the present invention.
[0030] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) of an intelligent, location based and personalized
social network, according to another embodiment of the present
invention.
[0031] FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) of an intelligent, location based and personalized
direct marketing, according to another embodiment of the present
invention.
[0032] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) of an intelligent, location based and personalized
secure contact-less (proximity) Internet access authentication,
according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[0033] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of connections/couplings/interactions between an
object 720 with another object 720, an intelligent subscriber
subsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance 880, according to
another embodiment of the present invention.
[0034] FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) enabling a task execution by a software agent,
according to another embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a bidirectional optical access communication
network 100, which includes a super node 101, many distant local
nodes 102 and many distant remote nodes 103. Distance between a
super node 101 and a remote node 103 is greater than that between a
super node 101 and a local node 102. However, many local nodes 102
can collapse/reside within a super node 101 to enable a
bidirectional optical access communication network 100 without a
road-side electrical power requirement at a local node 102.
[0036] A bidirectional optical access communication network 100 is
connected/coupled/interacted with a super node 101, many local
nodes 102, many remote nodes 103 and a large number of intelligent
subscriber subsystems 340 (located at homes/businesses) over a
dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber. At a super node
101, a number of laser modules (high power fast wavelength
switching-wavelength tunable semiconductor laser modules are
preferred) 120 provide first set of downstream wavelengths, where
each downstream wavelength is modulated at 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s,
by a corresponding intensity modulator module (an
electro-absorption/Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator module is
preferred) 140 to provide optical signals. These modulated
downstream wavelengths (embedded with the optical signals) are
combined by a wavelength combiner module 160 and amplified by an
erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) module 220. These amplified
downstream wavelengths are passed through a 3-port circulator
module 260 and transmitted over a dispersion-compensated
single-mode optical fiber (with a distributed Raman amplifier is
preferred) 280 to a remote node 103. A distributed Raman amplifier
can provide a distributed amplification of an optical signal over a
dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber by a nonlinear
coupling/interaction between an optical signal and an optical pump
signal and thereby effectively increasing the reach of an optical
access communication network than that of a currently deployed
optical access communication network. At a remote node 103,
modulated downstream wavelengths from a super node 101, are
decombined by an integrated wavelength combiner/decombiner module
300, filtered by a bandpass optical filter module (a wavelength
switching-wavelength tunable bandpass optical filter module is
preferred) 240, are power split by an integrated optical power
combiner/decombiner module 320 and are transmitted to a number of
intelligent subscriber subsystems 340. However, all the optical
modules at a remote node 103 must be temperature-insensitive to
operate within a wide temperature range at a remote node 103, as
there may not be an electrical power at a remote node 103. The
downstream wavelength from a super node 101 to a number of
intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 can be transmitted and
correspondingly received by photodiode modules 200 at intelligent
subscriber subsystems 340, utilizing a time division multiplexed
statistical bandwidth allocation and/or a broadcasting method.
[0037] A local node 102 includes a laser module 120, which is
connected/coupled/interacted with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier
(EDFA) module 220 to provide an upstream wavelength from
intelligent subscriber subsystems 340, which is offset in
wavelength with respect to the first set of downstream wavelengths
generated at a super node 101. The upstream wavelength power splits
through an integrated optical power combiner/decombiner module 320
at a remote node 103 and is transmitted to a number of intelligent
subscriber subsystems 340 for optical processing within an optical
processing micro-subsystem 360. An optically processed upstream
wavelength (embedded with the optical signals) within an optical
processing micro-subsystem 360 (within an intelligent subscriber
subsystem 340) is looped/returned back through an integrated
optical power combiner/decombiner module 320, a bandpass optical
filter module 240 and an integrated wavelength combiner/decombiner
module 300 at a remote node 103. An optically processed upstream
wavelength is transmitted over a dispersion-compensated single-mode
optical fiber 280 and passed through a 3-port circulator module 260
at a super node 101. A 3-port circulator module 260 provides an
upstream wavelength from a number of intelligent subscriber
subsystems 340 to a bandpass optical filter 240, an erbium-doped
fiber amplifier (EDFA) module 220, a wavelength decombiner module
180, a number of external fiber-optic interferometer module 180A
(to convert a phase modulation signal into an intensity modulation
signal) and a photodiode module 200 at a super node 101, wherein
each photodiode module 200 is detecting a distinct upstream
wavelength. Furthermore, a photodiode module 200 comprises one or
more of the following optical/electronic components: a 10 Gb/s or
higher Gb/s linear photodiode chip, a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s
mesa-type/waveguide-type avalanche photodiode chip (APD), a 10 Gb/s
or higher Gb/s burst-mode trans-impedance amplifier, a 10 Gb/s or
higher Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR), a bandpass optical
filter 240 and a semiconductor optical amplifier 380 (if a
semiconductor optical amplifier 380 is needed for an optical gain
in conjunction with a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s linear photodiode
chip). The upstream wavelength from a number of intelligent
subscriber subsystems 340 to a super node can be transmitted and
correspondingly received by photodiode modules 200 at a super node
101, utilizing a time division multiplexed statistical bandwidth
allocation and/or a broadcasting method.
[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a dynamic bidirectional optical access
communication network 100, where a wavelength to an intelligent
subscriber subsystem 340 can be dynamically varied on-Demand by
utilizing an M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router
module (a fast wavelength switching-wavelength tunable programmable
M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module is
preferred) 250 at a remote node 103. All possible switched output
downstream wavelengths are arranged at the M outputs of an M:M
cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module 250
because of its free spectral range periodic property of an M:M
cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module. This
construction (configuration) offers a flexibility of dynamically
routing/delivering one or more downstream wavelength with different
modulation rates (e.g., 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s) provided by a
corresponding intensity modulator module 140, to an intelligent
subscriber subsystem 340 for wavelength on-Demand, bandwidth
on-Demand and service on-Demand, significantly increasing a return
on investment. Thus each dynamically routed wavelength with a
specific modulation rate can provide a distinct bandwidth-specific
service on-Demand (e.g., an ultra-high definition movie on-Demand)
to an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340.
[0039] A method of providing bandwidth-specific service on-Demand
can be realized by comprising at least the steps of (a) a user
requesting a specific service (e.g., an ultra-high definition movie
on-Demand) at an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340, (b)
delivering the specific service over a wavelength by a laser module
120 at a super node 101, (c) modulating the wavelength at a
required modulation rate (e.g., 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s) by an
intensity modulator module 140 at a super node 101 and (d)
dynamically routing the said wavelength (embedded with a user
requested specific service) by an M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed
waveguide grating router module 250 to a remote node 103 and to an
intelligent subscriber subsystem 340.
[0040] Thus a rapid wavelength routing (in space, wavelength and
time) by an M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router
module 250 can be constructed as an optical packet/interconnect
router between many printed circuit boards/integrated
circuits/microprocessors.
[0041] Furthermore, outputs of an M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed
waveguide grating router module 250 at a remote node 103 can be
connected/coupled/interacted with inputs of a large scale N:N
(e.g., a 1000:1000) micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS)
space switch module at a remote node 103 to provide a much greater
flexibility of wavelength routing.
[0042] An input-output echelle grating module and a negative-index
photonic crystal super-prism module can be utilized as alternatives
to a wavelength combiner module 160, a wavelength decombiner module
180 and an integrated wavelength combiner/decombiner module 300. A
multi-mode interference (MMI) module and Y-combiner module can be
utilized as alternatives to an integrated optical power
combiner/decombiner module 320 and optical power combiner module
320 A.
[0043] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of an optical processing micro-subsystem 360,
wherein downstream wavelength is passed through a 3-port circulator
260, a bandpass optical filter module 240 and a photodiode module
200. A wavelength from a laser module 120 at local node 102 is
passed through a 3-port circulator module 260 within an optical
processing micro-subsystem 360 and this wavelength is amplified by
a semiconductor optical amplifier module 380, modulated in phase by
a phase modulator module 400, modulated at a bit-rate (e.g., 10
Gb/s or higher Gb/s, but a variable modulation bit-rate is
preferred) in intensity by an intensity modulator module 420,
amplified by a semiconductor optical amplifier module 380,
transmitted through a variable optical intensity attenuator module
440 (if needed) and looped/returned back to create an upstream
wavelength (embedded with an optical signal) and transmitted to a
super node 101.
[0044] Furthermore, a generic intensity modulator module 140 can
replace an electro-absorption intensity modulator module 420, which
is designed for an integration with a semiconductor optical
amplifier module 380, a phase modulator module 400 and a variable
optical intensity attenuator module 440 on a monolithic photonic
integrated circuit (PIC) and/or an active-passive hybrid planar
lightwave circuit (PLC) technology.
[0045] Numerous permutations (e.g., modulating a CW optical signal
from a laser module 120 at a local node 102 by an intensity
modulator 140/420 and then by a phase modulator 400) of all optical
modules within an optical processing micro-subsystem 360 are
possible to create an optimum quality of an upstream wavelength for
an intended reach. Use of a phase modulator module 400 and an
intensity modulator module 420 together can reduce the Rayleigh
backscattering effect on the propagation of optical signals,
enabling a longer-reach optical access communication network
between a super node 101 and a remote node 103, thus eliminating a
vast array of middle equipment such as routers and switches, which
would otherwise be needed between a standard node (without a super
node configuration) and a large number of remote nodes 103,
according to a currently deployed optical access communication
network.
[0046] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an
upstream second set of wavelengths (which are offset in wavelengths
with respect to first set of wavelengths transmitted from a super
node 101), can be internally generated by a wavelength-tunable
laser module within an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340,
without a need of an external wavelength generation by a laser
module 120 at a local node 102. Generation of an upstream
wavelength (fast switching-widely tunable laser module is
preferred) within an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340
simplifies a construction of a dynamic bidirectional optical access
communication network 100.
[0047] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a
single-mode/mode-hopp free wavelength tunable (about 32 nm) laser
module can be constructed by utilizing an ultra-low anti-reflection
coated (both facets) semiconductor optical amplifier (a photonic
crystal/aka quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier is
preferred) and a triple-ring resonator waveguide on a planar
lightwave circuit (PLC) platform. The front facet of a triple-ring
resonator waveguide has an ultra-low anti-reflection coating, while
the back facet of that has a high-reflection coating. The
anti-reflection coated back facet of a semiconductor optical
amplifier and the anti-reflection coated front facet of a
triple-ring resonator waveguide are intimately attached
("butt-coupled") to each other. The phases of a triple-ring
resonator waveguide can be controlled by a metal strip heater along
a straight segment of a triple-ring resonator waveguide.
Furthermore, a semiconductor optical amplifier can be
monolithically integrated with an electro-absorption/Mach Zehnder
intensity modulator.
[0048] FIG. 3A illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a single-mode/mode-hopp free wavelength tunable
(narrow) laser component, comprising an electro-absorption
modulator (EAM) segment 400 (about 150 micron long), which can be
integrated ("butt-coupled") with the back facet of a .lamda./4
phase shifted DR laser (.lamda./4 phase shifted distributed feed
back (DFB) section (about 400 micron long)+phase control section
(without any gratings/about 50 micron long)+distributed Bragg
reflector (DBR) section (about 50 micron long)) 120A. Laser
multi-quantum-well (MQW) layers can be stacked on top of
electro-absorption intensity modulator (EAM) multi-quantum-well
(MQW) layers. An electro-absorption intensity modulator (EAM) can
be processed by etching away the laser multi-quantum-well MQW
layers. Higher laser output (exit power) can be achieved by
incorporating distributed phase shifts and/or chirped grating
across the length of a distributed feedback (DFB) section. An
injection current to a phase control section can produce a change
in distributed feed back (DFB) laser wavelength. A reverse-voltage
to an electro-absorption intensity modulator (EAM) 420 can change
in a refractive index by Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE). The
advantages of this tunable laser design are (1) high single-mode
stability due to a distributed feed back (DFB) section, (2) higher
output (exit) power due to a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)
section and (3) rapid wavelength tuning by an injection current to
a phase control section and/or reverse voltage to an
electro-absorption intensity modulator (EAM) 420.
[0049] A stacked multi-quantum well (MQW) cross-sectional layer
design of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) with a DR laser is
illustrated in table 1 below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composition Bandgap Thickness N-/P- Doping
In(1 - x)Ga(x) Wavelength Strain Material (nm) (10{circumflex over
( )}18/cm{circumflex over ( )}3) As(y)P(1 - y) (nm) (%) Index
Substrate 100 .times. 10{circumflex over ( )}3 N 3.0 X = 0.000 Y =
0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 Buffer 1 .times. 10{circumflex over ( )}3 N
1.0 X = 0.000 Y = 0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 1.15Q 70 N 0.5 X = 0.181 Y =
0.395 1150 0 3.3069 1.20Q 50 N 0.5 X = 0.216 Y = 0.469 1200 0
3.3345 1.10Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM
Well-1 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N
0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-2 8 N 0.001 X =
0.463 Y = 0.930 1550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y =
0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-3 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550
TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM
Well-4 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N
0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-5 8 N 0.001 X =
0.463 Y = 0.930 1550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y =
0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-6 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550
TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784
Stop-Etch 50 N 0.001 X = 0.000 Y = 0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 *1.25Q 10 N
0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *DR Well-1 5 N 0.001 X =
0.239 Y = 0.839 1642 CS1.05 3.4971 *1.25Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y =
0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *DR Well-2 6 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.839 1642
CS1.05 3.4971 *1.25Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.533 1250 0 3.3588
*DR Well-3 5 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.839 1642 CS1.05 3.4971 *1.25Q
10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *DR Well-4 6 N 0.001 X
= 0.239 Y = 0.839 1642 CS1.05 3.4971 *1.25Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y
= 0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *1.20Q 50 P 0.2 X = 0.216 Y = 0.469 1200 0
3.3345 **Grating: 1.15Q 50 P 0.2 X = 0.181 Y = 0.395 1150 0 3.3069
Cladding 1.5 .times. 10{circumflex over ( )}3 P 0.2~P 2.0 X = 0.000
Y = 0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 1.30Q 50 P 5.0 X = 0.280 Y = 0.606 1300 0
3.3871 Cap 200 P 30 X = 0.468 Y = 1.000 1654 0 3.5610 EAM:
Electro-absorption modulator DR: Laser TS: Tensile CS: Compressive
*These laser layers must be removed in EAM section and be
replaced/re-grown with InP layer of total thickness of ~172 nm.
**.lamda./4 phase shifted gratings (at the DFB section of DR laser)
are fabricated on this layer with 50% duty cycle at 40 nm grating
etch depth.
[0050] FIG. 3B illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a single-mode/mode-hopp free wavelength tunable
(widely) laser array, which can be integrated with a wavelength
combiner 160 or a Y/multi-mode interference optical power combiner
320A, a tilted/curved semiconductor optical amplifier 380, a phase
modulator 400 (if needed), an intensity modulator 140/420 and a
tilted/curved semiconductor optical amplifier 380 via an waveguide
280A/single-mode fiber 280. The back facet of an electro-absorption
modulator (EAM) segment 400 has a low anti-reflection coating,
while the front facet of a last optical modulator 380 an ultra-low
anti-reflection coating. An upstream wavelength (embedded with an
optical signal) generated utilizing a tunable laser module at an
intelligent subscriber subsystem 340, is passed through a 3-port
circulator module 260 at a remote node 103 and transmitted to a
super node 101. A downstream wavelength from a super node 101, is
passed through a 3-port circulator 260, a bandpass optical filter
module 240 and a photodiode module 200 at a remote node.
[0051] According to another embodiment of the present invention,
that a subset of a second set of wavelengths (which are offset in
wavelengths with respect to a first set of wavelengths transmitted
from the super node 101) can be modulated at a bit-rate (e.g., 10
Gb/s or higher Gb/s, but a variable modulation bit-rate is
preferred) and thus configured to be shared with a number of
intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 to generate a symmetric
upstream bandwidth/bandwidth on-Demand.
[0052] Both downstream and upstream wavelengths can be protected by
a 2.times.2 optical protection switch module and separated via an
optical ring-network comprising of redundant/multiple
dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fibers 280.
[0053] A pilot tone modulation can be added to a semiconductor
optical amplifier module 380 within an optical processing
micro-subsystem 360 (within an intelligent subscriber subsystem
340) and to laser modules 120 (at a super node 101 and a local node
102) to reduce Rayleigh backscattering effect.
[0054] An electronic dispersion compensation circuit and a forward
error correction circuit can be added to relax the specifications
of optical and/or electronic modules. Furthermore, all optical
single-mode fibers can be polished at an angle (about 7 degree) to
reduce any optical back-reflection.
[0055] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an
upstream wavelength may be shared/transmitted by a number of
intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 utilizing a time division
multiplexed statistical bandwidth allocation method. Therefore, a
burst mode receiver circuit is needed at a super node 101 to
process bursty optical signals embedded in the upstream wavelengths
from a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340.
[0056] Furthermore, to enable a higher bit-rate, a
modulator/demodulator of an advanced modulation format (e.g.,
differential quadratic phase-shift keying-DQPSK and/or quadratic
amplitude modulation-QAM) can be utilized.
[0057] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340,
according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein
an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 comprises an optical
processing micro-subsystem 360 (for separating and providing a
downstream wavelength to a photodiode module 200 and optically
processing an upstream wavelength to a super node 101). A
photodiode module 200 within an optical processing micro-subsystem
360 is connected/coupled/interacted with an optical-to-electrical
amplifier circuit 460 and a media access controller (with
processing, routing and quality of service (QoS) functions) module
and a module specific software 480. A media access controller
module and a module specific software 480 is
connected/coupled/interacted with one or more of the following: (a)
an IP/micro IP/light weight IP address module and a module specific
software 500, (b) security module (an Internet
firewall/spyware/user-specific security control/authentication) and
a module specific software 520, (c) an in-situ/remote diagnostic
module and a module specific software 540, (d) a content transfer
module and a module specific software 560, (e) a time-shift
(time-shift is a recording of content to a storage medium for
consuming at a later time) module and a module specific software
580, (f) a place-shift (place-shift is consuming a stored content
on a remote appliance/subsystem/system/terminal via an Internet)
module and a module specific software 600, (g) a content
(voice-video-multimedia-data) over-IP module and a module specific
software 620, (h) a radio module (with antenna(s)), wherein the
radio module comprises one or more of the following modules: a RFID
(active/passive), a Wibree, a Bluetooth, a Wi-Fi, an
ultra-wideband, a 60-GHz/millimeter wave, a Wi-Max/4G/higher
frequency radio and an indoor/outdoor position module (e.g., a
Bluetooth, a Wi-Fi, a GPS and an electronic compass) and a module
specific software 640, (i) a software module 700, which comprises
one or more of the following: an embedded/cloud based operating
system software and an embedded/cloud based intelligence rendering
software (e.g., a surveillance software, a behavior modeling
(www.choicestream.com), a predictive analytics/text/data/pattern
mining/natural language (www.sas.com), a fuzzy logic/artificial
intelligence/neural network (www.nd.com/bliasoft.com), a machine
learning/iterative learn-by-doing/natural learning
(www.saffron.com) and an intelligent agent (cougaarsoftware.com),
(j) a memory/storage module and a module specific software 780, (k)
a sensor module and a module specific software 820 and (l) a
battery/solar cell/micro fuel-cell/wired power supply module and a
module specific software 840.
[0058] Furthermore, a system-on-a-chip, integrating a processor
module and a module specific software 760 with a graphic processor
module, an Internet firewall, a spyware and a user-specific
security control/authentication can simplify a construction of an
intelligent subscriber subsystem 340.
[0059] An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 comprises a set top
box/personal video recorder/personal server components/modules. An
intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 comprises a
voice-to-text-to-voice processing module and a module specific
software. (e.g., Crisp Sound is a real time audio signal processing
software for echo cancellation, background noise reduction, speech
enhancement and equalization), a video compression module and a
module specific software, a photo-editing software module and a
software module for automatically uploading content to a preferred
remote/cloud server.
[0060] An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 has multiple radio
modules with multiple antennas. A tunable radio-frequency carbon
nano-tube (CNT) cavity can tune in between 2 GHz and 3 GHz. Merging
many antennas utilizing a tunable carbon nano-tube (CNT) cavity and
an analog/digital converter, it can enable a simplified
software-defined radio.
[0061] An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 that it can enable
content over-IP, (e.g., Skype service) thus disrupting a
traditional carrier controlled fixed telephony business model.
[0062] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a
secure delivery of a content optical signal to an intended
destination can be achieved by utilizing a low bit-rate destination
marker optical signal, which is modulated at a different plane with
a different modulation format, simultaneously in conjunction with a
higher-bit rate content optical signal. The low bit-rate
destination marker optical signal is extracted and converted from
an optical domain to an electrical domain to determine an intended
destination of a content optical signal, while a content optical
signal remains in an optical domain until it is delivered to an
intended destination--thus both routing and security in the
delivery of a content optical signal are significantly
enhanced.
[0063] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of a micro-sized (about 15 mm.sup.3) object 720,
having a processor (e.g., ultra-lower power consumption ARM
Cortex.TM.-M3/micro-controller-www.ambiqmicro.com/based on
nano-scaled InAs XOI) module and a module specific software 760 is
connected/coupled/interacted with one or more of the following: (a)
an IP/micro IP/light weight IP address module and a module specific
software 500, (b) a software module 700 (e.g., a Tiny OS-operating
system/IBM mote runner), (c) an "object specific" radio module with
antenna(s) (which comprises one or more of the following, a RFID
(active/passive), an ultra-low power radio, a Wibree, a Bluetooth
and a near-field communication (NFC) 740, (d) a memory/storage
module and a module specific software 780, (e) a camera module (a
MEMS based camera is preferred) and a module specific software 800,
(f) a sensor (e.g., a radio enabled micro-electro-mechanical
sensor) module and a module specific software 820 and (g) a
battery/solar cell/micro fuel-cell wired power supply/wired power
supply module and a module specific software 840.
[0064] A battery/solar cell (e.g., Silicon)/micro fuel-cell/wired
power supply/resonant electro-magnetic inductive coupling energy
transfer (wireless) power supply module and a module specific
software 840 can include a thick/thin film (e.g., 3.6V 12 .mu.Ah
Cymbet thin-film lithium battery) printed/3-D/nano-engineered
battery (e.g., cellulose-a spacer ionic liquid electrolyte,
electrically connected/coupled/interacted with a carbon nano-tube
(CNT) electrode and a Lithium Oxide electrode), a
nano-super-capacitor (e.g., utilizing carbon nano-tube (CNT) ink,
or operating due to fast ion transport at a nano-scale), a
nano-electrical generator of piezoelectric PZT nano-wires (e.g.,
n-/p-type Zinc Oxide nano-wires. 20,000 Zinc Oxide nano-wires can
generate about 2 mW), a nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) cell
(e.g., a motor protein cell) and a microbial nano fuel-cell.
[0065] A motor protein (macromolecule) named prestin, which is
expressed in outer hair cells in the organ of Corti of a human ear
and it is encoded by the SLC26A5 gene. Prestin converts an
electrical voltage into a motion by elongating and contracting
outer hair cells. This motion amplifies sound in a human ear.
However, prestin can work in a reverse mode, producing an
electrical voltage in response to a motion. To increase
conductivity, a microbe (e.g., a bacterium Pili) can act as a
conducting nano-wire to transfer electrons generated by prestin.
Each prestin is capable of making only nano watts of electricity. A
prestin cell (array of prestins, connected/coupled/interacted
between two electrodes) can electrically charge a battery/solar
cell/micro fuel-cell/wired power supply module. A prestin cell can
grow and self-heal, as it is constructed from biological
components. Furthermore, a nano-electrical generator of
piezoelectric PZT nano-wires can be integrated with prestin.
[0066] A memristor component can replace both a processor component
and/or a memory/storage component. Furthermore, a memristor
component and a nano-sized radio component can reduce power
consumption of an object 720.
[0067] A sensor module and a module specific software 820 can
include a biological sensor (e.g., to monitor/measure a body
temperature, % oxygen, a heart rhythm, a blood glucose
concentration and a bio-marker for a disease parameter).
[0068] An object 720 with a biological/bio-marker sensor, a
transistor, a LED, a nano-sized radio, a prestin cell and an object
specific software can be incorporated onto a support material
(e.g., a silk membrane) to monitor/measure (and transmit) a disease
parameter.
[0069] Another example of a biological sensor can be described as
follows: an assassin protein (macromolecule) perforin is immune
system's weapon of mass destruction. Perforin is encoded by the
PRFI gene. Perforin is expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK)
cells. Interestingly, perforin resembles a cellular weapon employed
by a bacterium (e.g., anthrax). Perforin has an ability to embed
itself to form a pore in a cell-membrane. The pore by itself may be
damaging to a cell and it enables an entry of a toxic enzyme
granzyme B, which induces an apoptosis (a programmed suicide
process) of a diseased cell. However, perforin occasionally
misfires--killing a wrong cell (e.g., an insulin producing
pancreas) and significantly accelerating a disease like diabetes.
Defective perforin leads to an upsurge in cancer malignancy (e.g.,
leukemia). Up regulation of perforin can be effective against
cancer and/or an acute viral disease (e.g., cerebral malaria). Down
regulation of perforin can be effective against diabetes. The
ramification of a pore-forming macromolecule like perforin is
enormous, if it can be tailored/tuned to a specific disease.
[0070] Like perforin, an ultrasonically guided micro-bubble can
break in a cell-membrane. A pore-forming micro-bubble
(ultrasonically guided)/nano-vessel (e.g., a cubisome/liposome)
encapsulating a suitable chemical(s)/drug(s), a surface
modified-red fluorescent protein (e.g., E2-Crimson) and perforin
(if needed) can be an effective imaging/drug delivery method. A
surface coating (e.g., a pegylation) on a micro-bubble/nano-vessel
can avoid an immune surveillance of a human body. A surface coating
of disease-specific ligand (e.g., an antibody) on a
micro-bubble/nano-vessel can enhance the targeting to specific
disease cells. Furthermore, an encapsulation of magnetic
super-paramagnetic nano-particles within a micro-bubble/nano-vessel
can significantly enhance the targeting to specific disease cells,
when it is guided by a magnet. A micro-bubble/nano-vessel can be
incorporated within a silicone micro-catheter (silver nano-particle
coated) tube or a micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS)
reservoir/micro-pump (integrated with an array of silicon
micro-needles) on a support material.
[0071] For utilizing an object 720 within and/or on a human body,
all components must be biocompatible (bio-dissolvable is
preferred).
[0072] If a disease parameter measurement is perceived to be
abnormal with respect to a reference disease parameter measurement,
a biological sensor module connects/couples/interacts with an
object 720 for a programmed drug delivery. Furthermore, an object
720 can connect/couple/interact (via one or more or all
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor
communication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object)
with an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or an intelligent
appliance 880 for a location based/assisted emergency help without
a human input.
[0073] An object 720 can be constructed utilizing a
system-on-a-chip/a system-in-a-package/multi-chip module.
[0074] An object 720 can
sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and
connect/couple/interact/share (via one or more or all
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor
communication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object)
with an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligent
appliance 880 utilizing an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and
its subsequent versions.
[0075] A method of securing information by an object 720,
comprising at least the following steps of: (a) sensing 900, (b)
measuring 920, (c) collecting 940, (d)
aggregating/comparing/mapping 960, (e)
connecting/coupling/interacting/sharing 980 (in real time) with a
plurality of objects 720, intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 and
intelligent appliances 880, (f) developing a learning algorithm
(e.g., a machine learning/iterative learn-by-doing/natural learning
algorithm in a software module 700) 1300 from the activities of a
plurality of objects 720, intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 and
intelligent appliances 880, (g) utilizing a learning algorithm 1320
and (h) re-iterating all the previous steps from (a) to (g) in a
loop cycle 1340 to enable an intelligent decision based on
information from a plurality of objects 720, intelligent subscriber
subsystems 340 and intelligent appliances 880.
[0076] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of an intelligent appliance (about 125 mm long, 75
mm wide and 20 mm thick) 880, according to another embodiment of
the present invention. A processor (performance at a lower
electrical power consumption is desired e.g., Graphene processor)
module and a module specific software 760 is
connected/coupled/interacted (via one or more or all
electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic communication network(s)
within and/or to and/or from an intelligent appliance) with one or
more of the following: (a) an IP/micro IP/light weight IP address
module and a module specific software 500, (b) security module (an
Internet firewall/spyware/user-specific security
control/authentication) and a module specific software 520, (c) an
in-situ/remote diagnostic module and a module specific software
540, (d) a content transfer module and a module specific software
560, (e) a time-shift module and a module specific software 580,
(f) a place-shift module and a module specific software 600, (g) a
content (voice-video-multimedia-data) over-IP module and a module
specific software 620, (h) a radio module (with antenna(s)),
wherein the radio module comprises one or more of the following
modules: a RFID (active/passive), a Wibree, a Bluetooth, a Wi-Fi,
an ultra-wideband, a 60-GHz/millimeter wave, a Wi-Max/4G/higher
frequency radio and an indoor/outdoor position module (e.g., a
Bluetooth, a Wi-Fi, a GPS and an electronic compass) and a module
specific software 640, (i) a 1-D/2-D barcode/QR-code scanner/reader
module and a module specific software 660, (j) a near-field
communication (NFC) module (with an antenna) and a module specific
software 680, (k) a software module 700, which comprises one or
more of the following: an embedded/cloud based operating system
software and an embedded/cloud based intelligence rendering
software (e.g., a behavior modeling (www.choicestream.com), a
predictive analytics/text/data/pattern mining/natural language
(www.sas.com), a fuzzy logic/artificial intelligence/neural network
(www.nd.com/bliasoft.com), a machine learning/iterative
learn-by-doing/natural learning (www.saffron.com) and an
intelligent software agent (cougaarsoftware.com)), (l) a
memory/storage module and a module specific software 780, (m) a
camera (a 180 degree rotating camera module is preferred) and a
module specific software 800, (n) a sensor module and a module
specific software 820, (o) a battery/solar cell/micro
fuel-cell/wired power supply module and a module specific software
840 and (p) a display (a foldable/stretchable with a touch sensor
is preferred) module and a module specific software 860. An
intelligent appliance 880 comprises a socket (e.g., SIM/SD).
[0077] Furthermore, a system-on-a-chip, integrating a processor
module and a module specific software 760 with a graphic processor
module, an Internet firewall, a spyware and a user-specific
security control/authentication can simplify a construction of an
intelligent appliance 880.
[0078] Furthermore, a super-capacitor (manufactured by
www.cap-xx.com) and/or proton exchange membrane micro fuel-cell can
enhance an operational time of a battery/solar cell/micro
fuel-cell/wired power supply component.
[0079] A foldable/stretchable display component can be constructed
from a graphene sheet and/or an organic light-emitting diode
connecting/coupling/interacting with a printed organic transistor
and a rubbery conductor (e.g., a mixture of a carbon nano-tube
(CNT)/gold conductor and a rubbery polymer) with a
touch/multi-touch sensor.
[0080] An intelligent appliance 880 comprises a
voice-to-text-to-voice processing module and a module specific
software. (e.g., Crisp Sound is a real time audio signal processing
software for echo cancellation, background noise reduction, speech
enhancement and equalization), a video compression module and a
module specific software, a photo-editing software module and a
software module for automatically uploading content to a preferred
remote/cloud server.
[0081] An intelligent appliance 880 can be much thinner than 20 mm,
if both display and battery components are thinner.
[0082] A thinner photonic crystal display component can be
constructed as follows: optically pumps different-sized photonic
crystals, whereas the photonic crystals can individually emit blue,
green and red light based on their inherent sizes. An optical pump
can be generated from an optical emission by an electrical
activation of semiconductor quantum-wells. Blue, green and red
light can be multiplexed/combined to generate a white light.
[0083] A thinner organic battery component can be constructed as
follows: an organic battery utilizes push-pull organic molecules,
wherein after an electron transfer process, two positively charged
molecules are formed which are repelled by each other like magnets.
By installing a molecular switch an electron transfer process can
proceed in an opposite direction. Thus forward and backward
switching of an electron flow can form a basis of an ultra-thin,
light weight and power efficient organic battery.
[0084] An intelligent appliance 880 can be integrated with a
miniature surround sound (e.g., a
micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS) based silicon microphone
component-Analog ADMP 401/an equivalent component from
www.akustica.com) module and a module specific software, a
miniature power efficient projection (e.g., a
holographic/micro-mirror projector) module and a module specific
software, an infrared transceiver module and a module specific
software and a biometric sensor (e.g., a finger-print/retinal-scan)
module and a module specific software.
[0085] A projection module can be miniaturized by utilizing one
tilt-able one mm diameter single crystal mirror. The mirror
deflects a laser (blue, green and red) beam by rapidly switching
its angle of orientation, building up a picture pixel by pixel.
[0086] An array of (at least four) front-facing cameras can provide
stereo views and motion parallax (apparent difference in a
direction of movement produced relative to its environment). Each
camera can create a low dynamic range depth map. However, an array
of cameras can create a high dynamic range depth map-thus an
intelligent appliance 880 can enable a 3-D video conference.
[0087] An intelligent appliance 880 has multiple radio modules with
multiple antennas. These multiple radio modules with multiple
antennas can be simplified by a software-defined radio.
[0088] An augmented reality allows a computer-generated content to
be superimposed over a live camera-view in a real world. An
intelligent appliance 880 can be integrated with an augmented
reality to enrich a user's experience and need.
[0089] An intelligent appliance 880 can acquire information on a
barcode/RFID/near-field communication (NFC) tag on a product by
utilizing its radio module. An intelligent appliance 880 is aware
of its location via its indoor/outdoor position module (within a
radio module and a module specific software 640) and it can search
for a price/distribution location. Thus, an intelligent appliance
880 can enable a real-world physical search.
[0090] An intelligent appliance 880 that it can enable content
over-IP (e.g., Skype service) via an ambient Wi-Fi/Wi-Max network,
thus disrupting a traditional carrier controlled cellular business
model.
[0091] Near-field communication (NFC) has a short range of about 35
mm-making it an ideal choice for a contact-less (proximity)
application. Near-field communication (NFC) module (with an
antenna) and a module specific software 680 can allow a user to
learn/exchange/transfer/share/transact in a contact-less
(proximity) application in real time. A standalone near-field
communication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem (e.g., a SD/SIM card
form factor) can integrate an IP/micro IP/light weight IP address
module and a module specific software 500, a storage/memory module
and a module specific software 780, a near-field communication
(NFC) module (with an antenna) and a module specific software 680
and a software module 700. To exchange/transfer/share/transact
content, a radio module and a module specific software 640 can be
integrated with a standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled
micro-subsystem. To enhance the security of a standalone near-field
communication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem, a sensor module (e.g.,
a 0.2 mm thick finger-print sensor component (manufactured by Seiko
Epson) reads an electric current on a user's finger-tip contact or
a sensor component uniquely synchronized with another sensor
component) and a module specific software 820 can be integrated.
Furthermore, an advanced biometric (finger-print) sensor module can
be constructed by combining a silica colloidal crystal with a
rubber, wherein the silica colloidal crystal can be dissolved in
dilute hydrofluoric (HF) acid-leaving air voids in a rubber, thus
creating an elastic photonic crystal. An elastic photonic crystal
emits an intrinsic color, displaying 3-D shapes of ridges, valley
and pores of a finger-print, when pressed onto. A processor module
and a module specific software 760 can be utilized to compare with
a user's captured/stored finger-print data. A non-matching
finger-print data would render a standalone micro-subsystem
unusable in an abuse/fraud/theft.
[0092] Five critical contact-less (proximity) applications are: (a)
Product/service discovery/initiation, (b) peer-to-peer
exchange/transfer/share/transaction (c) machine-to-machine
exchange/transfer/share/transaction and (d) remote access of an
appliance/subsystem/system/terminal and (e) access
authentication.
Product/Service Discovery/Initiations
[0093] A standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled
micro-subsystem, in contact-less proximity of another near-field
communication (NFC) enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal,
receives an URL (web site) to (a) provide an information about a
product/service, (b) receive a direct and/or peer-to-peer marketing
(e.g., a coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) and
(c) monitor/measure an effectiveness of a marketing campaign.
Peer-to-Peer Exchange/Transfer/Share/Transaction
[0094] A user can share a social network/business
profile/micro-loan/micro-content in contact-less proximity of a
near-field communication (NFC) enabled
appliance/subsystem/system/terminal of another user.
Machine-to-Machine Exchange/Transfer/Share/Transaction
[0095] A user can transact money/micro-loan/micro-content in
contact-less proximity of a near-field communication (NFC) enabled
appliance/subsystem/system/terminal.
[0096] An example, a standalone near-field communication (NFC)
enabled micro-subsystem can enable printing a stored photo, in
contact-less proximity of a near-field communication (NFC) enabled
printer and displaying a stored movie, in contact-less proximity of
a near-field communication (NFC) enabled TV.
[0097] A near-field communication (NFC) enabled TV can be
constructed similarly to an intelligent appliance 880.
[0098] Another example, a standalone near-field communication (NFC)
enabled micro-subsystem can enable purchasing a travel ticket, in
contact-less proximity of a near-field communication (NFC) enabled
ticket appliance/subsystem/system/terminal. Such a ticket can be
verified and/or located by an indoor position module without a need
of a human input.
[0099] Another example, a near-field communication (NFC) enabled a
printer module integrated with an electro-mechanical weighing
module, an electro-mechanical postage dispending module and a
software module for calculating the postage price based on weight,
distance, priority level and delivery method, can enable purchasing
postage efficiently.
Remote (Appliance/Subsystem/System/Terminal) Access
[0100] A user's profile, bookmark, address book, preference,
setting, application and content of
appliance/subsystem/system/terminal could be stored securely in a
standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem,
in contact-less proximity of a near field communication (NFC)
enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal, it will load an
original version of a user's profile, bookmark, address book,
preference, setting, application and content.
Access Authentication
[0101] A user can utilize a standalone near-field communication
(NFC) enabled micro-subsystem, in contact-less proximity of a
near-field communication (NFC) enabled
appliance/subsystem/system/terminal to enable authentication of an
appliance/subsystem/system/terminal.
[0102] A standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled
micro-subsystem (as discussed above) can be integrated (by
inserting into an electro-mechanical socket) with an intelligent
appliance 880.
[0103] A direct marketing (e.g., a
coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) exits via
AdMob and Groupon. A static social network also exists via MySpace
and Facebook. The primary motivation of a user is social
connections with other users in a social network website. However,
a web based social network can limit a human bond.
[0104] A standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled
micro-subsystem/intelligent appliance can enable an off-line social
exchange and direct and/or a peer-to-peer marketing.
[0105] A personalized social network can utilize an augmented
identity (e.g., Recognizr) in addition to a profile. A personalized
social network can keep track of an
information/discussion/interest, which are important to a
user/users and makes such an information/discussion/interest
available to a user/users when a user/users is either on-line
and/off-line.
[0106] A direct marketing can be segmented by
demographics/geographical locations (e.g., a gender/marital
status/age/religion/interest/education/work-position/income/credit
profile/net asset/zip code). However, adding real time geographical
location to direct marketing can be useful (e.g., a user close to a
stadium and minutes before an event, can purchase a ticket and
after an event can receive direct marketing campaign based on a
user's interests/preferences/patterns. This is a personalized
marketing)
[0107] Personalization can be enhanced by an intelligence rendering
software module (e.g., a machine learning/iterative
learn-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module
700). An intelligent software agent (a do-engine) can search an
Internet automatically and recommend a user about a
product/service/content based on a user's
interests/preferences/patterns. An integration of a user social
network profile, a user's interests/preferences/patterns, a user's
real time geographical location, data/information/images from
objects 720 and an interaction (of an object 720 with an
intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance
880) collectively can embed physical reality into an Internet space
and an Internet reality into a physical space-thus it can enrich a
user's experience and need.
[0108] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) enabling an intelligent, location based and
personalized social network can be realized by comprising at least
the following steps of: (a) authenticating a user 1000, (b)
understanding a user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred)
1020, (c) remembering a user's need 1040, (d) remembering a user's
conversation 1060, (e) reminding a user's need 1080, (f)
determining a user's location (real time is preferred) 1100, (g)
searching an Internet for a user's need (an intelligent software
agent is preferred) 1120, (h) recommending a product/service best
suited for a user's need 1140, (i) developing a learning algorithm
(e.g., a machine learning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural
learning algorithm in a software module 700) 1300 from a plurality
of users' activities, (j) utilizing a learning algorithm 1320 and
(k) re-iterating all previous steps from (a) to (j) in a loop cycle
1340.
[0109] FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) enabling an intelligent, location based and
personalized direct marketing (e.g., a
coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) by comprising
at least the following steps of (a) authenticating a user 1000, (b)
understanding a user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred)
1020, (c) remembering a user's need 1040, (d) remembering a user's
conversation 1060, (e) reminding a user's need 1080, (f)
determining a user's location (real time is preferred) 1100, (g)
searching an Internet for a user's need (an intelligent software
agent is preferred) 1120, (h) delivering a direct marketing
material (e.g., a coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty
program) based on a user's need 1160, (i) developing a learning
algorithm (e.g., a machine learning/iterative
learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module
700) 1300 from a plurality of users' activities, (j) utilizing a
learning algorithm 1320 and (k) re-iterating all previous steps
from (a) to (j) in a loop cycle 1340.
[0110] A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and
personalized peer-to-peer marketing (e.g., a
coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) can be
realized by comprising at least the steps of: (a) authenticating a
user 1000, (b) understanding a first user's profile (an augmented
identity is preferred) 1020, (c) authenticating a second user
1000A, (d) understanding a second user's profile (an augmented
identity is preferred) 1020A, (e) determining a first user's
location (real time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining a second
user's location (real time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicating
and/or sharing with a plurality of users for a collective need (an
augmented identity is preferred) 1180, (h) determining users'
locations (real time is preferred) 1100B, (i) delivering a
marketing material (e.g., a coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand
loyalty program) from a first user to a second user and/or users,
seeking a marketing material (e.g., a
coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) 1160A, (j)
developing a learning algorithm (e.g., a machine learning/iterative
learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module
700) 1300 from a plurality of users' activities, (k) utilizing a
learning algorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps
from (a) to (k) in a loop cycle 1340.
[0111] A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and
personalized peer-to-peer micro-loan transaction can be realized by
comprising at least the steps of: (a) authenticating a user 1000,
(b) understanding a first user's profile (an augmented identity is
preferred) 1020, (c) authenticating a second user 1000A, (d)
understanding a second user's profile (an augmented identity is
preferred) 1020A, (e) determining a first user's location (real
time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining a second user's location
(real time is preferred) 1100A, (g) `communicating and/or sharing
with a plurality of users for a collective need (an augmented
identity is preferred) 1180, (h) determining users` locations (real
time is preferred) 1100B, (i) determining legal parameters of a
micro-loan 1200, (j) agreeing on legal parameters of a micro-loan
1220, (k) establishing a security protocol between a first user and
a second user and/or users, seeking a micro-loan 1240, (l)
delivering a micro-loan from a first user to a second user and/or
users, seeking a micro-loan 1160B, (m) developing a learning
algorithm (e.g., a machine learning/iterative
learning-by-doing/natural learning in a software module 700) 1300
from a plurality of users' activities, (n) utilizing a learning
algorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps from (a) to
(n) in a loop cycle 1340.
[0112] A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and
personalized peer-to-peer micro-content transaction can be realized
by comprising at least the steps of (a) authenticating a user 1000,
(b) understanding a first user's profile (an augmented identity is
preferred) 1020, (c) authenticating a second user 1000A, (d)
understanding a second user's profile (an augmented identity is
preferred) 1020A, (e) determining a first user's location (real
time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining a second user's location
(real time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicating and/or sharing
with a plurality of users for a collective need (an augmented
identity is preferred) 1080, (h) determining users' locations (real
time is preferred) 1100B, (i) determining legal parameters of a
micro-content transfer 1200 (j) agreeing on legal parameters of a
micro-content transfer 1220, (k) establishing a security protocol
between a first user and a second user and/or users, seeking a
micro-content transfer 1240, (l) delivering a micro-content from a
first user to a second user and/or users, seeking a micro-content
1160C, (m) developing a learning algorithm (e.g., a machine
learning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in
a software module 700) 1300 from a plurality of users' activities,
(n) utilizing a learning algorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all
previous steps from (a) to (n) in a loop cycle 1340.
[0113] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) enabling an intelligent, location based and
personalized secure contact-less (proximity) Internet access
authentication can be realized by comprising at least the steps of:
(a) authenticating a user 1000, (b) determining a first user's
location (real time is preferred) 1100, (b) coming in proximity of
a near-field enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal 1260, (c)
authenticating the user for an Internet 1280, (d) developing a
learning algorithm (e.g., a machine learning/iterative
learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module
700) 1300 from a plurality of users' activities, (e) utilizing a
learning algorithm 1320 and (f) re-iterating all previous steps
from (a) to (e) in a loop cycle 1340.
[0114] An intelligent software agent can also search an Internet
automatically and recommend a user about a product/service/content
based on a user's interests/preferences/patterns. An intelligence
rendering software algorithm in a software module 700, allows an
intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance
880 to adapt/learn/relearn a user's interests/preferences/patterns
and thereby rendering intelligence.
[0115] For example, a bedroom clock connects/couples/interacts with
an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or an intelligent
appliance 880, to automatically check on a traffic pattern/flight
schedule via an Internet, before deciding whether to fiddle with an
alarm time without a human input. A rechargeable toothbrush detects
a cavity in the teeth, it sends a signal through its electrical
wiring and connects/couples/interacts with an intelligent
subscriber subsystem 340 and/or an intelligent appliance 880,
automatically accesses a location based/assisted dentist's
electronic appointment book for a consultation without a human
input.
[0116] An intelligent appliance 880, can integrate a
chemical/biological sensor module (e.g., to monitor/measure a body
temperature, % oxygen, a heart rhythm, a blood glucose
concentration, a carbonyl sulfide gas emission due to a liver/lung
disease and a bio-marker for a disease parameter) with a module
specific software.
[0117] A Zinc Oxide nano-structure can detect many toxic chemicals.
Also a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser (with an emission
wavelength in mid-to-far infrared range) can detect a part per
billion amount of carbonyl sulfide gas. A wavelength switching of a
quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser can be achieved by temperature,
utilizing a thin-film resistor/heater, while electrically
insulating a laser bias current electrode. Wavelength switching by
temperature is a slow (about ten milliseconds) thermal process.
However, wavelength switching by electrical currents on multiple
segments of a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser is a rapid (about
one millisecond) process. A larger wavelength tuning range (nm) can
be achieved by an array (a monolithic array is preferred) of
multi-segment quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR lasers. Furthermore, a
quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser can emit in terahertz wavelength
(85 .mu.m to 150 .mu.m) range, where a metal has a high
reflectivity. Thus a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser is ideal for
a metal detection (security).
[0118] A compact bio-marker-on-a-chip to monitor/measure a disease
parameter can be constructed by analyzing a change in reflectance
and/or a Raman shift and/or surface electric current due to a
disease-related bio-marker presence (with a specific antibody at
about a picogram per mL concentration) on a surface of a 2-D/3-D
photonic crystal of dielectric material. Confirmation of a
bio-marker is not conclusive for an onset/presence of a disease.
Identifications of many bio-markers are necessary to predict an
onset/presence of a disease. However, a 2-D/3-D photonic crystal of
dielectric material, incident with a multi-wavelength (blue, green
and red) light source can be utilized for simultaneous
identifications of many bio-markers of a disease. A
multi-wavelength (blue, green and red) light source can be
constructed as follows: optically pumps different-sized photonic
crystals, whereas the photonic crystals can individually emit blue,
green and red light based on their inherent sizes. An optical pump
can be generated from an optical emission by an electrical
activation of semiconductor quantum-wells. Blue, green and red
light can be multiplexed/combined to generate a white light. A
Raman shift, scattered by a bio-marker requires an expensive
high-performance laser. However, a Raman sensor (requires an
inexpensive CD-laser and a wavelength tunable filter) can
monitor/measure a Raman shift due to a disease-related bio-marker
presence. A bio-marker molecule can induce a change in surface
induced electric current when it binds to an atomically thin
graphene surface (grapheme's electronic sensitivity to biomolecular
adsorption).
[0119] Furthermore, an array of graphene bio-sensors can detect
many bio-markers of a disease-thus enabling a personalized
ultra-compact diagnostic module, which can be
connected/coupled/interacted with an intelligent subscriber
subsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance 880.
[0120] A biological lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a module that integrates
a few bio-analytical functions on a single chip to perform a
point-of-care disease diagnostics. A miniature biological
lab-on-a-chip (LOC) module manufactured by Ostendum
(www.ostendum.com) can be integrated (by inserting into an
electro-mechanical cavity) with an intelligent appliance 880 to
perform a point-of-care disease diagnostics reliably, quickly and
economically. Such a lab result can be transmitted from an
intelligent appliance 880 to a location based/assisted physician
for an interpretation without a human input. Furthermore, powered
by a nano-generator, Zinc Oxide nano-wire fabricated on Gallium
Nitride/Indium Gallium Nitride/Aluminum Gallium Nitride can be a
nano-light source (nano-LED) for a biological lab-on-a-chip.
[0121] Holographic images of a user's gene/protein can be stored in
an intelligent appliance 880-thus a holographic image can enable a
physician/surgeon to design a personalized medical and/or a
surgical treatment.
[0122] Many software modules, as discussed above can consume a
significant electrical power due to computational complexities.
Alternatively, many software modules can be processed at a secure
remote/cloud server. Software modules can be embedded within an
intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or an intelligent
appliance 880, if an electrical power consumption and/or thermal
management are feasible. An effective thermal management is
critical to construct a high-performance intelligent appliance 880.
Thermal resistance must be minimized at all material interfaces and
materials with closely matching thermal expansion coefficients must
be used.
[0123] Graphene can be viewed as a plane of carbon atoms extracted
from a graphite crystal. Multiple-atomic layers of graphene are
easier to fabricate than a single-atomic layer graphene and
multiple-atomic layers of graphene retain thermal conductivity of a
single-atomic layer graphene. Nano-scaled graphene heat pipe can be
utilized to cool a hot spot within an intelligent appliance 880.
For efficient thermal management, a heat sink/heat spreader of
graphene/diamond/aluminum nitride/copper/aluminum/silicon/material
with closely matching thermal expansion coefficients can be
attached (e.g., to a processor module 760) by utilizing an
interface heat transfer material (e.g., Indigo.TM.
www.enerdynesolutions.com). However, a significant (about ten
times) heat transfer of a heat sink/heat spreader can be gained by
creating a nano-structured (e.g., Zinc Oxide nano-structures
fabricated by micro-reactor assisted nano-material deposition
process) surface on a heat sink/heat spreader. Furthermore,
micro-channels can be fabricated by a laser machining method onto a
heat sink/heat spreader for passive air and/or active
(air/liquid/micro-scale ion cloud) cooling.
[0124] A micro-scale ion cloud can be generated as follows: on one
side of graphene based micro-channels is a carbon nano-tube (CNT)
negative electrode, when a negative voltage is switched on,
electrons jump from a negative electrode toward a positive
electrode, colliding with air molecules near a hot spot thus
dissipating heat and producing a micro-scale cloud of positively
charge ions. A micro-scale cloud of positively charge ions drifts
towards a present negative electrode. However, before it reaches to
present negative electrode, a voltage is switched on to another
negative electrode at a different position. Forward and reverse
wind of a micro-scale cloud of positively charge ions (created by
changing the positions of negative electrodes) can cool a hot spot
within an intelligent appliance 880. Alternatively, a
high-efficiency nano-structured 50 A.degree. thick
Sb.sub.2Te.sub.3/10 A.degree. thick Bi.sub.2Te.sub.3-based
thin-film super-lattices thermoelectric cooler
(TEC)/micro-refrigerator (1 mm.times.3 mm) can also be utilized to
cool a hot spot within an intelligent appliance 880. However,
significant thermoelectric cooler (TEC)/micro-refrigerator
efficiency can be gained by fabricating a quantum wire/quantum dot,
transitioning from a two-dimensional super-lattice.
[0125] Furthermore an intelligent appliance 880 can be charged via
a resonant electro-magnetic inductive coupling energy transfer
(within and/or to and/or from) without a physical wire.
[0126] The aluminum/magnesium alloys have small building
blocks-called nano-crystal grains and crystal defects. Nano-crystal
grains with crystal defects are mechanically stronger than perfect
aluminum/magnesium crystals. An intelligent appliance 880's outer
package can be constructed from a nano-engineered
aluminum/magnesium alloy, a Liquid Metal.RTM. alloy
(www.liquidmetal.com), carbon-polymer composite (carbon fiber
embedded with a molten polymer injection mold) and magnesium metal.
Furthermore, an antenna can be constructed from a carbon fiber
embedded with a metal/conducting polymer.
[0127] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram construction
(configuration) of connections/couplings/interactions (via one or
more or all electrical/optical/radio/sensor/bio-sensor
communication network(s)) between an object(s) 720 with an
intelligent subscriber subsystem(s) 340 and an intelligent
appliance(s) 880, utilizing an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)
and its subsequent versions. The context-awareness is (according to
a user's situational context), personalized (tailored to a user's
need), adaptive (change in response to a user' need) and
anticipatory (can anticipate a user's desire).
[0128] An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligent
appliance 880 are both context-ware (inferred from a user's
past/present activities, extracted from a user's content/data and
explicit in a user's profile) and sensor-aware (inferred from
data/image/patterns from an object(s)).
[0129] FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart
(configuration) enabling a task execution by a software agent. An
incoming task is communicated from a communication channel 1360, to
an incoming queuing element 1380, to an execution manager 1400. An
execution manager 1400 gains information from (and also shares
with) a transient knowledge element 1420 and a data base element
1600. An execution manager 1400 further gains information from a
permanent knowledge element 1440, which comprises an attribute
element 1460 and a capability element 1480. A capability element
1480 is connected to a task element 1500, which is further
connected to a rule element 1520, a method element 1540 and a
knowledge source element 1560. Executed/processed task from an
execution manager 1400, is communicated to an outgoing queuing task
controller 1580 to a communication channel 1360.
[0130] The above description is provided to illustrate only
preferred embodiments of the present invention, however it is not
intended to be limiting. Numerous variations and modifications
within the scope of the present invention are possible.
* * * * *
References