U.S. patent application number 15/023395 was filed with the patent office on 2016-07-21 for inner housing hub for a gas turbine.
This patent application is currently assigned to Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. The applicant listed for this patent is SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT. Invention is credited to Andreas Bottcher, Torsten Jokisch, Tobias Krieger, Patrick Lapp, Dirk Mertens, Julia Muhl, Michael Neubauer, Alexander Nordalm, Vasileios Papadopoulos, Michael Winterstein.
Application Number | 20160208628 15/023395 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51660455 |
Filed Date | 2016-07-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160208628 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bottcher; Andreas ; et
al. |
July 21, 2016 |
INNER HOUSING HUB FOR A GAS TURBINE
Abstract
An inner housing hub is arranged in a gas turbine about a gas
turbine shaft and is formed as a component of an inner housing used
to deflect hot gases exiting combustion chambers towards a turbine
inlet region arranged in the direction of the gas turbine shaft.
The inner housing hub includes at least one substantially cylinder
casing-shaped securing portion having a cylinder casing-shaped main
part, which has a hot side facing a hot gas path and a cold side
facing away from the hot gas path. At least one web-shaped
protrusion extends along the cold side and is arranged on the cold
side on the main part in order to secure the inner housing hub. The
web-shaped protrusion is made of a first material and the main part
is made of a second material, the first material having a greater
thermal expansion coefficient than the second material.
Inventors: |
Bottcher; Andreas;
(Mettmann, DE) ; Jokisch; Torsten; (Neuenhagen bei
Berlin, DE) ; Krieger; Tobias; (Oberhausen, DE)
; Lapp; Patrick; (Berlin, DE) ; Mertens; Dirk;
(Berlin, DE) ; Muhl; Julia; (Berlin, DE) ;
Neubauer; Michael; (Berlin, DE) ; Nordalm;
Alexander; (Berlin, DE) ; Papadopoulos;
Vasileios; (Berlin, DE) ; Winterstein; Michael;
(Kaarst, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
Munich |
|
DE |
|
|
Assignee: |
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Munich
DE
|
Family ID: |
51660455 |
Appl. No.: |
15/023395 |
Filed: |
September 25, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
September 25, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2014/070483 |
371 Date: |
March 20, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01D 9/023 20130101;
F01D 25/14 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F01D 9/02 20060101
F01D009/02; F01D 25/14 20060101 F01D025/14 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 27, 2013 |
DE |
10 2013 219 612.1 |
Claims
1. An inner housing hub for a gas turbine, wherein the inner
housing hub can be arranged in the gas turbine around a gas turbine
shaft and is designed as a component of an inner housing, wherein
the inner housing hub together with the inner housing is used to
deflect hot gases exiting combustion chambers toward a turbine
inlet region arranged in the direction of the gas turbine shaft,
comprising: at least one fastening portion substantially in the
form of a cylindrical shell having a main body in the form of a
cylindrical shell, which comprises a hot side facing a hot gas path
and a cold side facing away from the hot gas path, at least one
web-shaped projection that extends along the cold side and is
arranged on the cold side of the main body to enable the inner
housing hub to be fastened, wherein the web-shaped projection
comprises a first material and the main body comprises a second
material, wherein the first material has a greater thermal
expansion coefficient than the second material, such that, in at
least one operating state of the gas turbine, the thermally induced
stresses are reduced in the region of the fastening portion in
comparison with an integral design of the main body and the
web-shaped projection made of the second material.
2. The inner housing hub as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the
fastening of the inner housing hub in the gas turbine, said hub can
be fastened on a fastening component in such a way that the
web-shaped projection can be arranged in a slot surrounded by the
fastening component.
3. The inner housing hub as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
fastening portion is a housing wall, which is arranged around a
center line and around which the hot gas path flows, with the
result that the hot side faces away from the center line.
4. The inner housing hub as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner
housing hub is designed substantially in the form of a cylindrical
shell, at least in the region of the fastening portion, and the at
least one web-shaped projection is arranged on the main body along
a circular circumferential line, such that a web which is
continuous or divided into segments or is in the form of a
discontinuous ring is arranged on the cold side.
5. The inner housing hub as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner
housing hub can be arranged with one end in a turbine inlet region,
wherein the fastening portion is arranged in the region of the
end.
6. An inner housing comprising: an inner housing hub, wherein the
inner housing hub is designed as claimed in claim 1.
7. A gas turbine, comprising: an inner housing as claimed in claim
6.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is the US National Stage of International
Application No. PCT/EP2014/070483 filed Sep. 25, 2014, and claims
the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the
benefit of German Application No. DE filed 102013219612.1. All of
the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to an inner housing hub for a gas
turbine. The inner housing hub can be arranged in the gas turbine
around a gas turbine shaft and, as a component of an inner housing,
is used together with the inner housing to deflect hot gases
exiting combustion chambers toward a turbine inlet region arranged
in the direction of the gas turbine shaft. Thus, the hot gases to
be deflected impinge upon the inner housing hub on the side facing
away from the gas turbine shaft.
[0003] The inner housing hub comprises at least one fastening
portion substantially in the form of a cylindrical shell having a
main body in the form of a cylindrical shell, on which the inner
housing hub is fastened on a suitably designed fastening component
of the gas turbine. In this context, the term "in the form of a
cylindrical shell" is not to be taken in the strictly mathematical
sense. The fastening portion and the main body are designed as
tubular walls. Thus, the term "in the form of a cylindrical shell"
refers only to the encircling shape of the wall and not to the
thickness of the wall. For example, the fastening component can be
a component part fastened indirectly on an outer housing of the gas
turbine. The main body of the inner housing hub has a hot side
facing a hot gas path and a cold side facing away from the hot gas
path. Thus, the cold side faces the gas turbine shaft. At least one
web-shaped projection extends along the cold side and is arranged
on the cold side of the main body in the form of a cylindrical
shell to enable the inner housing hub to be fastened.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0004] Fastenings of this kind are common, particularly with
components of the combustion chamber housing or of the inner
housing of gas turbines having silo combustion chambers.
[0005] In this case, the web-shaped projection is part of a slot
and key joint between the main body in the form of a cylindrical
shell and the fastening component. For example, the web-shaped
projection can form the key and, for the purpose of fastening, can
be arranged in a slot extending in the fastening component.
However, the web-shaped projection could also form the slot of the
slot and key joint if there is a slot extending in its upper side
corresponding to a correspondingly formed key on the fastening
component.
[0006] Owing to the operational temperature differences between the
hot side and the cold side, the inner housing hub of the type in
question is subject to high thermal stresses, especially in the
region of the fastening portion. These thermal stresses can be
transferred from the main body to a thermal protection means
arranged on the hot side. The thermal protection means can be a
thermal insulating layer, for example, in particular a ceramic
protective layer. Particularly in the region of the fastening
portion, this leads to high wear on the inner housing hub owing to
start-stop-driven fatigue cracks with subsequent growth of the
cracks and flaking of the thermal protection means off the hot side
of the main body.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0007] It is an underlying object of the invention to indicate an
inner housing hub of the type stated at the outset which is subject
to reduced wear.
[0008] According to the invention, this object is achieved, in the
case of an inner housing hub of the type stated at the outset, by
virtue of the fact that the web-shaped projection is made of a
first material and the main body is made of a second material,
wherein the first material has a greater thermal expansion
coefficient than the second material, with the result that, in at
least one operating state of the gas turbine, the thermally induced
stresses are reduced in the region of the fastening portion in
comparison with an integral design of the main body and the
web-shaped projection made of the second material.
[0009] Thus, according to the invention, it is not that thermal
protection on the hot side is improved to reduce wear but that the
design of the main body is improved to reduce thermal stresses.
According to the invention, the main body is no longer formed
integrally with the projection. The projection and the main body
are produced from different materials. For example, the two can be
produced separately and joined together by welding or brazing.
Here, the web-shaped projection projecting from the main body in
the form of a cylindrical shell, which is thus colder than the
remainder of the main body, is manufactured from a material which
has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than the warmer main
body. Owing to the greater thermal expansion coefficient, the
projection no longer constricts the main body or no longer does so
to the same extent. However, it is also the case that the thermal
expansion coefficient selected should not be so great that the
colder projection expands to a significantly greater extent than
the main body during operation, despite a smaller temperature
difference in the region of the projection. The first material and
the second material are therefore chosen in such a way that they
satisfy the demands on the inner housing hub and the fastening and,
according to the invention, the different thermal expansion
coefficients are such that the thermally induced stresses in the
region of the fastening portion are reduced as compared with an
integral design of the main body and the web-shaped projection made
of the second material. The main body can have one or more
web-shaped projections designed in accordance with the
invention.
[0010] The inner housing hub is exposed to high temperature
differences between the hot and the cold side of the main body, and
therefore the design according to the invention of the fastening
portion of the inner housing hub makes possible a significant
extension of the service life of the inner housing hub. It is
advantageously possible to envisage that, for the fastening of the
inner housing hub in the gas turbine, said hub can be fastened on a
fastening component in such a way that the web-shaped projection
can be arranged in a slot surrounded by the fastening
component.
[0011] The web-shaped projection thus forms the key of the slot and
key joint.
[0012] The main body can comprise one or more web-shaped
projections designed in accordance with the invention. These can,
for example, be arranged in a row along the longitudinal extent on
the cold side and form a common, subdivided web that can be
arranged in a slot in the fastening component.
[0013] It can also be regarded as advantageous that the fastening
portion is a housing wall, which is arranged around a center line
and around which the hot gas path flows, with the result that the
hot side of the main body faces away from the center line.
[0014] Owing to its small extent perpendicularly to the wall, a
fastening portion designed as a housing wall is particularly
susceptible to bending caused by thermal stresses. The wear of such
gas turbine components can be reduced to a particularly great
extent by means of the invention.
[0015] Another advantageous embodiment of the invention can provide
for the inner housing hub to be designed substantially in the form
of a cylindrical shell, at least in the region of the fastening
portion, and for the at least one web-shaped projection to be
arranged on the main body along a circular circumferential line,
with the result that a web which is continuous or divided into
segments or is in the form of a discontinuous ring is arranged on
the cold side.
[0016] It can also be regarded as advantageous that the inner
housing hub can be arranged with one end in a turbine inlet region,
wherein the fastening portion is arranged in the region of the
end.
[0017] It is another object of the invention to indicate an inner
housing of the type stated at the outset having an inner housing
hub, which housing is subject to reduced wear.
[0018] For this purpose, the inner housing hub is designed as
claimed.
[0019] It is another object of the invention to indicate a gas
turbine which is subject to reduced wear.
[0020] For this purpose, the gas turbine comprises at least one
inner housing as claimed.
[0021] Further expedient embodiments and advantages of the
invention form the subject matter of the description of
illustrative embodiments of the invention with reference to the
figure of the drawing, wherein the same reference signs refer to
component parts which act in the same way.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] In the drawing:
[0023] FIG. 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section through a
gas turbine according to the prior art,
[0024] FIG. 2 shows schematically an inner housing hub in
accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention in a
perspective view,
[0025] FIG. 3 shows schematically a detail of the inner housing hub
illustrated in FIG. 2, in a longitudinal section,
[0026] FIG. 4 shows schematically a detail of the inner housing hub
illustrated in FIG. 2 with a fastening component arranged on the
projection, in a longitudinal section, and
[0027] FIG. 5 shows schematically an inner housing of a gas turbine
having an inner housing hub, which is designed in accordance with
FIG. 2, in a perspective view.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0028] FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a gas turbine 1
according to the prior art. In the interior, the gas turbine 1 has
a rotor 3, which is mounted so as to rotate about an axis 2 of
rotation, has a shaft 4 and is also referred to as a turbine wheel.
Along the rotor 3 there follow in succession an intake housing 6, a
compressor 8, a combustion system 9 having at least one combustion
chamber 10, a turbine 14 and an exhaust housing 15. The one or more
combustion chambers 10 each comprise a burner arrangement 11 and a
housing 12, which is lined with a thermal protection means 20 for
protection against hot gases. The at least one combustion chamber
10 can be an annular combustion chamber. As an alternative, the gas
turbine can also comprise one or more tubular combustion chambers
or silo combustion chambers.
[0029] The combustion system 9 communicates with a hot gas duct,
e.g. an annular hot gas duct. There, a plurality of turbine stages
arranged in series form the turbine 14. Each turbine stage is
formed by blade rings. As seen in the direction of flow of a
working medium, a row formed by guide vanes 17 is followed in the
hot duct by a row formed by rotor blades 18. Here, the guide vanes
17 are secured on an inner housing of a stator 19, whereas the
rotor blades 18 of a row are attached to the rotor 3 by means of a
turbine disk, for example. A generator (not shown) is coupled to
the rotor 3, for example.
[0030] During the operation of the gas turbine, air is drawn in and
compressed by the compressor 8 via the intake housing 6. The
compressed air made available at the turbine end of the compressor
8 is passed to the combustion system 9 and is there mixed with a
fuel in the region of the burner arrangement 11. The mixture is
then burnt with the aid of the burner arrangement 11, forming a
working gas flow in the combustion system 9. From there, the
working gas flow flows along the hot gas duct past the guide vanes
17 and the rotor blades 18. The working gas flow expands across the
rotor blades 18, transferring momentum, with the result that the
rotor blades 18 drive the rotor 3, and the latter drives the
generator (not shown) coupled to it.
[0031] FIG. 2 shows an inner housing hub 24 according to the
invention for a gas turbine in accordance with an illustrative
embodiment, in a perspective view. The inner housing hub 24 is
designed in the form of a cylindrical shell with a center line 26.
One end region of the inner housing hub forms a fastening portion
28. The fastening portion 28 in the form of a cylindrical shell
comprises a main body 30 in the form of a cylindrical shell, which
comprises a hot side 34 facing a hot gas path (indicated
schematically by the arrow 32) and a cold side 36 facing away from
the hot gas path. The hot side 34 can be coated with a thermal
protection means (not shown). A web-shaped projection 38 is
arranged on the main body 30 to enable it to be fastened to the
inner housing hub 24.
[0032] The web-shaped projection 38 extends along a circular
circumferential line along the cold side 36 of the main body and is
arranged on the cold side of the main body 30 in the form of a
cylindrical shell, and it is therefore arranged as an encircling
annular web on the cold side 36. To fasten the inner housing hub 24
on a fastening component (not shown), the annular projection 38 is
arranged in an annular slot (not shown) extending in the fastening
component. For this purpose, the inner housing hub 24 can be
constructed from two half-shells, which are initially brought
separately into contact with the fastening component (not shown)
and then joined together. In this case, the encircling web-shaped
projection 38 is divided into segments.
[0033] In the illustrative embodiment shown, the fastening portion
28 is a housing wall 40, which is arranged around a center line 26
and around which the hot gas path 32 flows, with the result that
the hot side 34 faces away from the center line 26. Apart from the
web-shaped projection, the overall inner housing hub 24 can
correspond to the construction of the fastening portion, thus to a
certain extent allowing a free choice in the subdivision of the
inner housing hub into a fastening portion up to line 42 in the
illustrative embodiment.
[0034] FIG. 3 shows a detail of the inner housing hub shown in FIG.
2, in a longitudinal section in the region of the fastening portion
28. The fastening portion 28, which is designed in the form of a
housing wall 40, comprises a main body 30 in the form of a
cylindrical shell having a hot side 34 and a cold side 36. The hot
side is coated with a thermal protection means 44. A web-shaped
projection 38, the cross section 46 of which can be seen in the
figure, is arranged on the cold side 36. According to the
invention, the web-shaped projection 38 consists of a first
material, and the main body 30 consists of a second material,
wherein the first material has a greater thermal expansion
coefficient than the second material, with the result that the
thermally induced stresses in the region of the fastening portion
28 are reduced, as compared with an integral design of the main
body 30 and of the web-shaped projection 38 consisting of the
second material, in at least one operating state of the gas
turbine. High thermal stresses are produced particularly around the
transitional region of the main body and the web-shaped projection
38 during the operation of the integral design of fastening section
known from the prior art.
[0035] FIG. 4 shows a detail of the inner housing hub 24 shown in
FIG. 2 in the region of the fastening portion 28, in a longitudinal
section. For the sake of simplicity, only the main body 30,
together with the web-shaped projection 38, of the fastening
portion 28 is shown. (The thermal protection means 44 arranged on
the hot side 34 has been omitted in the figure). Extending opposite
the hot side 34 is the cold side 36 of the main body 30, wherein
the web-shaped projection 38 is arranged on the cold side 36 in the
region of the end 50 of the main body 30. To fasten the fastening
portion 28 on a fastening component 48, the web-shaped projection
38 is arranged in a slot 52 extending in the fastening component
48. The slot 52 and the web-shaped projection 38 form a slot and
key joint, which fixes the position of the fastening portion 28 and
hence the position of the inner housing hub 24 in a turbine inlet
region 54, the inner housing hub 24 thus being arranged with one
end 50 in a turbine inlet region 54.
[0036] FIG. 5 shows an inner housing 56 of a gas turbine having an
inner housing hub 58 according to the invention arranged centrally
in the inner housing. The inner housing hub 58 surrounds a gas
turbine shaft (not shown) extending along the center line 26. The
inner housing 56 has two inlets 60 and 62 and an annular outlet 64.
The inner housing is closed on the rear side 66. The inlets 60 and
62 can each be arranged at one combustion chamber outlet of a
combustion chamber (not shown). The outlet 64 can be arranged in a
turbine inlet region (not shown). The inner housing 56 serves to
deflect the hot gases exiting the two combustion chambers along the
hot gas path 32, which is indicated schematically by an arrow.
Here, some of the hot gases flow through the inner housing along
the inner housing hub 58, which is sheathed with a thermal
protection means 44. To fasten the inner housing, the inner housing
hub 58 is, inter alia, fastened on a fastening component (not
shown) surrounded by the hub in the region of the end 50 of said
hub by means of the web-shaped projection 38 arranged around the
cold side 36. To ensure that the cold projection 38 does not
constrict the inner housing hub during operation, the inner housing
hub 58 is designed in accordance with the invention. This protects
especially the thermal protection means 44 from flaking off and
thus protects the main body, arranged thereunder, of the fastening
portion from premature wear.
* * * * *