U.S. patent application number 15/023513 was filed with the patent office on 2016-07-21 for non quenched and tempered steel and manufacturing process thereof.
The applicant listed for this patent is JIANGSU SUZHOU STEEL GROUP CO., LTD., PEKING UNIVERSITY FOUNDER GROUP CO., LTD., SUZHOU SUXIN SPECIAL STEEL CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Donglin LIU, Yifeng XU, Jie YU, Xu ZHOU, Zhiwei ZHOU.
Application Number | 20160208356 15/023513 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51463215 |
Filed Date | 2016-07-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160208356 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LIU; Donglin ; et
al. |
July 21, 2016 |
NON QUENCHED AND TEMPERED STEEL AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THEREOF
Abstract
A non-quenched and tempered steel and manufacturing process
thereof. The process alters the cooling mode before finish rolling
in previous production of non-quenched and tempered steel; the
process at least has a cooling step after the finish rolling step;
the process utilizes alternate intense cooling and moderate
cooling. The intense cooling can ensure the surface temperature of
the steel to decrease rapidly; and the moderate cooling allows the
core temperature of the steel to dissipate gradually to the
surface; a further intense cooling is carried out to allow rapid
heat dissipation. The intense cooling and the moderate cooling can
be carried out alternately several times accordingly. A water
cooling mode combining intense cooling and moderate cooling allows
the core temperature and the surface temperature of the steel to
become the same within a short time, the uniformity of the
mechanical properties of the steel.
Inventors: |
LIU; Donglin; (Suzhou,
CN) ; ZHOU; Xu; (Suzhou, CN) ; XU; Yifeng;
(Suzhou, CN) ; ZHOU; Zhiwei; (Suzhou, CN) ;
YU; Jie; (Suzhou, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
PEKING UNIVERSITY FOUNDER GROUP CO., LTD.
SUZHOU SUXIN SPECIAL STEEL CO., LTD.
JIANGSU SUZHOU STEEL GROUP CO., LTD. |
Beijing
Jiangsu
Jiangsu |
|
CN
CN
CN |
|
|
Family ID: |
51463215 |
Appl. No.: |
15/023513 |
Filed: |
December 3, 2013 |
PCT Filed: |
December 3, 2013 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CN2013/088377 |
371 Date: |
March 21, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C22C 38/42 20130101;
C21D 8/0226 20130101; C22C 33/04 20130101; C21D 8/021 20130101;
C21D 9/0081 20130101; B22D 11/001 20130101; C22C 38/002 20130101;
C21D 8/0205 20130101; C22C 38/04 20130101; C22C 38/06 20130101;
C21D 6/005 20130101; C22C 38/18 20130101; C21D 1/60 20130101; C21D
6/008 20130101; C21D 6/004 20130101; C22C 38/02 20130101; C22C
38/08 20130101; C21D 8/0247 20130101; C22C 38/16 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C21D 9/00 20060101
C21D009/00; C22C 38/06 20060101 C22C038/06; C22C 38/04 20060101
C22C038/04; C22C 38/02 20060101 C22C038/02; B22D 11/00 20060101
B22D011/00; C22C 33/04 20060101 C22C033/04; C21D 8/02 20060101
C21D008/02; C21D 6/00 20060101 C21D006/00; C21D 1/60 20060101
C21D001/60; C22C 38/42 20060101 C22C038/42; C22C 38/00 20060101
C22C038/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 26, 2013 |
CN |
201310443674.4 |
Claims
1. A non quenched and tempered steel, comprising following chemical
components by weight percent: carbon 0.42 to 0.50, silicon 0.20 to
0.40, manganese 0.50 to 1.0, chromium 0.00 to 0.30, aluminum 0.010
to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper 0.00 to 0.20, phosphorus
0.000 to 0.025, sulfur 0.00 to 0.025, and balance iron.
2. The non quenched and tempered steel according to claim 1,
comprising following chemical components by weight percent: carbon
0.42 to 0.45, silicon 0.20 to 0.30, manganese 0.50 to 0.7, chromium
0.00 to 0.30, aluminum 0.010 to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper
0.00 to 0.20, phosphorus 0.000 to 0.025, sulfur 0.00 to 0.025, and
balance iron.
3. The non quenched and tempered steel according to claim 1,
comprising following chemical components by weight percent: carbon
0.42 to 0.47, silicon 0.25 to 0.35, manganese 0.60 to 1.0, chromium
0.00 to 0.30, aluminum 0.010 to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper
0.00 to 0.20, phosphorus 0.000 to 0.025, sulfur 0.00 to 0.025, and
balance iron.
4. The non quenched and tempered steel according to claim 1,
comprising following chemical components by weight percent: carbon
0.45 to 0.50, silicon 0.25 to 0.35, manganese 0.60 to 0.9, chromium
0.00 to 0.30, aluminum 0.010 to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper
0.00 to 0.20, phosphorus 0.000 to 0.015, sulfur 0.00 to 0.015, and
balance iron.
5. A process for producing the non quenched and tempered steel of
claim 1, comprising a cooling step carried out at least after a
finishing step, characterized in that: in said cooling step, an
intense cooling and a moderate cooling are carried out alternately
to allow the steel to undergo at least two stages of water cooling,
so that the core temperature and the surface temperature of the
steel become the same within a specified time.
6. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 5, characterized in that: in said cooling step,
the steel is subjected to three stages of water cooling, wherein
the first stage of water cooling uses intense cooling, the second
stage of water cooling uses moderate cooling, and the third stage
of water cooling uses intense cooling.
7. The process for producing the non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 5, characterized in that: in said cooling step,
the cooling intensity is controlled by controlling the opening
degree of valve(s) of a water cooling unit.
8. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 5, characterized in that: in said cooling step,
the temperature of the steel decreases 100.degree. C.-400.degree.
C. in 4-7 seconds after water cooling, and the temperature of the
steel further decreases 50.degree. C.-100.degree. C. after
temperature reversion.
9. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 8, characterized in that: in said cooling step,
the first stage valve opening degree is controlled to be 30%-40%,
the second stage valve opening degree is controlled to be 20%, and
the third stage valve opening degree is controlled to be 30%-40%,
to ensure the surface temperature of the steel to decrease
100-400.degree. C. in 4-7 seconds.
10. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 8, characterized in that: in said cooling step,
the steel is subjected to temperature-dropping cooling by means of
spray cooling after temperature reversion.
11. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 8, characterized in that: after said
temperature-dropping cooling, the steel is separately disposed on a
cold bed and subjected to air cooling for 10-12 minutes.
12. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 11, characterized in that: after said air
cooling, the steel is stacked and subjected to shield cooling.
13. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 5, characterized in that: the process further
comprises a finish rolling step before the cooling step, in said
finish rolling step, the temperature of the steel is controlled at
.ltoreq.950.degree. C. at the entry into the finish rolling step;
the steel is subjected to low temperature rolling when the steel
temperature is 850.degree. C.-900.degree. C.
14. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 5, characterized in that: the process further
comprises a smelting step before the finish rolling step, the
smelting step comprises electric furnace smelting step, ladle
furnace smelting step and refining step carried out
sequentially.
15. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 14, characterized in that: a molten iron
smelting is utilized in the electric furnace smelting, wherein the
final phosphorus content is .ltoreq.0.015%, the final carbon
content is 0.03% to 0.10%, and the final temperature is
1620-1700.degree. C.
16. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 14, characterized in that: in the ladle furnace
smelting step and/or the refining step, silicon carbide,
ferrosilicon powder are used to deoxidize.
17. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 14, characterized in that: the ladle furnace
smelting step comprises making white slag and holding the white
slag for 20 minutes or more.
18. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 14, characterized in that: in the refining step,
the refining time is not less than 45 minutes, and the hydrogen
content is controlled at 1.5 ppm or less.
19. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 18, characterized in that: the process further
comprises a continuous casting step after the refining step, in
said continuous casting step, an overheat is controlled at
20-35.degree. C., a pulling speed is controlled at 0.5 m/min-0.6
m/min.
20. The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to claim 19, characterized in that: the process further
comprises a heating step after the continuous casting step, in said
heating step, the steel billet is placed in a heating furnace to be
heated, wherein the preheating stage temperature is controlled at
850.+-.30.degree. C., the heating stage temperature is controlled
at 1100.+-.30.degree. C., the soaking stage temperature is
controlled at 1130.+-.30.degree. C., and the total time of the
soaking stage is not less than 2 hours.
21. A process for producing non quenched and tempered steel, the
process comprises following steps, successively: (1) an electric
furnace smelting step: providing iron raw materials having desired
steel composition, a molten iron smelting is utilized in the
electric furnace smelting, wherein final phosphorus content is
.ltoreq.0.015%, final carbon content is 0.03% to 0.10%, and final
temperature is 1620.degree. C.-1700.degree. C.; (2) a ladle furnace
smelting step: wherein deoxidation is carried out using silicon
carbide and/or ferrosilicon powder, white slag is made by adding
lime, the white slag is held for 20 minutes or more; (3) a refining
step: wherein deaeration is carried out, the refining time is
controlled at 45 minutes or more, and the hydrogen content is
controlled at 1.5 ppm or less; (4) a continuous casting step: the
steel melt obtained in the refining step is subjected to continuous
casting, an overheat of the steel melt is controlled at
20-35.degree. C., a pulling speed is controlled at 0.5 m/min-0.6
m/min; (5) a heating step: the steel billet produced in the
continuous casting step is placed in a furnace to be heated,
wherein the preheating stage temperature is controlled at
850.+-.30.degree. C., the heating stage temperature is controlled
at 1100.+-.30.degree. C., the soaking stage temperature is
controlled at 1130.+-.30.degree. C., the total time of the soaking
stage is not less than 2 hours; (6) a finish rolling step: wherein
the temperature of the steel is controlled at .ltoreq.950.degree.
C. at the entry into the finish rolling step; the steel is
subjected to low temperature rolling when the steel temperature is
850-900.degree. C.; and (7) a cooling step: wherein an intense
cooling and a moderate cooling are carried out alternately to allow
the steel to undergo at least two stages of water cooling, so that
the core temperature and the surface temperature become the same
during the cooling.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a non quenched and tempered
steel and its manufacturing process, and belongs to the technical
field of ferrous metallurgy.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, bars for machine cutting in China generally use
ordinary steels, such as 45, 40Cr and 42CrMo steels. These bars
need quenching and tempering heat treatment when used as raw
materials for machine cutting. Quenching and tempering processes
are high in cost. Since quenching and tempering processes increase
energy consumption, pollute the environment, and bring some waste
product loss, they do not meet the energy-saving and environmental
protection requirements at present. Therefore, non quenched and
tempered steels that do not require quenching and tempering
processes and can be directly used for cutting will gradually
replace ordinary steels and become a trend in the future. Non
quenched and tempered steels means mechanical structural steels
that can achieve performance requirements without quenching and
tempering treatment. Using such steels to manufacture parts can
omit quenching and tempering heat treatment process, and has
advantages such as saving energy and materials, simple technology,
etc., and can decrease environmental pollution and prevent
oxidation, decarbonization, deformation and cracking.
[0003] The domestic traditional process for producing non quenched
and tempered steels for cutting includes: electric furnace
smelting.about.refining.about.mold casting.about.controlled rolling
and controlled cooling. The difficulty of such process in
production is the control of steel performance. At present, the
domestic and oversea manufacturers generally achieve the control of
steel performance by improving chemical composition of non quenched
and tempered steels. However, as shown by studies, it is difficult
to make non quenched and tempered steels achieve performance
requirements only by component design.
[0004] Therefore, Shougang Corporation has proposed a novel process
for producing non quenched and tempered steels, which process
comprises: converter smelting, slag cutoff tapping, deoxidation
alloying in ladle, LF ladle refining, feeding S line, ladle bottom
blowing argon to achieve full protection casting, slab temperature
control, controlled cooling and rolling, etc. In the rolling step,
the heating temperature is 1100-1180.degree. C., initial rolling
temperature is 1020-1100.degree. C., finishing rolling temperature
is 850-920.degree. C., the relative deformation is 15-35%. After
rolling, the temperature is decreased to 600.degree. C. and then
slowly cooled to room temperature. The non quenched and tempered
steels produced by above process are difficult to ensure the core
temperature and the surface temperature of the steels to become the
same by slow cooling within a short time, and tend to cause the
surface and core of the steels have large differences in strength
and toughness, and seriously nonuniform mechanical properties. When
the above process is used to produce large-sized non quenched and
tempered steels (e.g. .phi.70 to .phi.145 mm bars), the phenomenon
of nonuniform mechanical properties of the surface and the core of
the bars is even more obvious.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention
is to overcome the defects that the surface mechanical properties
and core mechanical properties of the steels produced by existing
processes for producing non quenched and tempered steels are
nonuniform. Therefore, the present invention provides a non
quenched and tempered steel and its production process to ensure
the uniformity of the surface mechanical properties and core
mechanical properties of final products.
[0006] For this purpose, the present invention provides a non
quenched and tempered steel consisting of following chemical
components by weight percent: carbon 0.42 to 0.50, silicon 0.20 to
0.40, manganese 0.5 to 1.0, chromium 0.00 to 0.30, aluminum 0.010
to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper 0.00 to 0.20, phosphorus
0.000 to 0.025, sulfur 0.00 to 0.025, and balance iron.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the non quenched and tempered
steel according to present invention consists of following chemical
components by weight percent: carbon 0.42 to 0.45, silicon 0.20 to
0.30, manganese 0.50 to 0.7, chromium 0.00 to 0.30, aluminum 0.010
to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper 0.00 to 0.20, phosphorus
0.000 to 0.025, sulfur 0.00 to 0.025, and balance iron.
[0008] In a more preferred embodiment, the non quenched and
tempered steel according to present invention consists of following
chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.42 to 0.47, silicon
0.25 to 0.35, manganese 0.60 to 1.0, chromium 0.00 to 0.30,
aluminum 0.010 to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper 0.00 to 0.20,
phosphorus 0.000 to 0.025, sulfur 0.00 to 0.025, and balance
iron.
[0009] In an even more preferred embodiment, the non quenched and
tempered steel according to present invention consists of following
chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.45 to 0.50, silicon
0.25 to 0.35, manganese 0.60 to 0.9, chromium 0.00 to 0.30,
aluminum 0.010 to 0.030, nickel 0.00 to 0.10, copper 0.00 to 0.20,
phosphorus 0.000 to 0.015, sulfur 0.00 to 0.015, and balance
iron.
[0010] The present invention provides a process for producing non
quenched and tempered steel, comprising a cooling step at least
carried out after a finishing step; in said cooling step, an
intense cooling and a moderate cooling are carried out alternately
to allow the steel to undergo at least two stages of water cooling,
so that the core temperature and the surface temperature of the
steel become the same within a specified time.
[0011] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, in said cooling step, the
steel is subjected to three stages of water cooling, wherein the
first stage of water cooling uses intense cooling, the second stage
of water cooling uses moderate cooling, and the third stage of
water cooling uses intense cooling.
[0012] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, in said cooling step, the
cooling intensity is controlled by controlling the opening degree
of valve(s) of a water cooling unit.
[0013] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, in said cooling step, the
temperature of the steel decreases 100.degree. C.-400.degree. C. in
4-7 seconds after water cooling, and the temperature of the steel
further decreases 50.degree. C.-100.degree. C. after temperature
reversion.
[0014] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, in said cooling step, the
first stage valve opening degree is controlled to be 30%-40%, the
second stage valve opening degree is controlled to be 20%, and the
third stage valve opening degree is controlled to be 30%-40%, to
ensure the surface temperature of the steel to decrease
100-400.degree. C. in 4-7 seconds.
[0015] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, in said cooling step, the
steel is subjected to temperature-dropping cooling by means of
spray cooling after temperature reversion.
[0016] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, after said
temperature-dropping cooling, the steel is separately disposed on a
cold bed and subjected to air cooling for 10-12 minutes.
[0017] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, after said air cooling, the
steel is stacked and subjected to shield cooling.
[0018] The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to present invention further comprises a finish rolling
step before the cooling step, in said finish rolling step, the
temperature of the steel is controlled at .ltoreq.950.degree. C. at
the entry into the finish rolling step; the steel is subjected to
low temperature rolling when the steel temperature is 850.degree.
C.-900.degree. C.
[0019] The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel
according to present invention further comprises a smelting step
before the finish rolling step, the smelting step comprises
electric furnace smelting step, ladle furnace smelting step and
refining step carried out sequentially.
[0020] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, a molten iron smelting is
utilized in the electric furnace smelting, wherein the final
phosphorus content is .ltoreq.0.015%, the final carbon content is
0.03% to 0.10%, and the final temperature is 1620-1700.degree.
C.
[0021] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, in the ladle furnace smelting
step and/or the refining step, silicon carbide, ferrosilicon powder
are used to deoxidize.
[0022] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, the ladle furnace smelting
step comprises making white slag, and holding the white slag for 20
minutes or more.
[0023] According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, in the refining step, the
refining time is 45 minutes or more, and the hydrogen content is
controlled at 1.5 ppm or less.
[0024] The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel of
present invention further comprises a continuous casting step after
the refining step, in said continuous casting step, a overheat is
controlled at 20-35.degree. C., a pulling speed is controlled at
0.5 m/min-0.6 m/min.
[0025] The process for producing non quenched and tempered steel of
present invention further comprises a heating step after the
continuous casting step, in said heating step, the steel billet is
placed in a heating furnace to be heated, wherein the preheating
stage temperature is controlled at 850.+-.30.degree. C., the
heating stage temperature is controlled at 1100.+-.30.degree. C.,
the soaking stage temperature is controlled at 1130.+-.30.degree.
C., and the total time of the soaking stage is not less than 2
hours.
[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a
process for producing a non quenched and tempered steel, the
process comprises following steps, successively: [0027] (1) an
electric furnace smelting step: providing iron raw materials having
desired steel composition, a molten iron smelting is utilized in
the electric furnace smelting, wherein final phosphorus content is
.ltoreq.0.015%, final carbon content is 0.03% to 0.10%, and final
temperature is 1620.degree. C.-1700.degree. C.; [0028] (2) a ladle
furnace smelting step: wherein deoxidation is carried out using
silicon carbide and/or ferrosilicon powder, white slag is made by
adding lime, the white slag is held for 20 minutes or more; [0029]
(3) a refining step: wherein deaeration is carried out, the
refining time is controlled at 45 minutes or more, and the hydrogen
content is controlled at 1.5 ppm or less; [0030] (4) a continuous
casting step: the steel melt obtained in the refining step is
subjected to continuous casting, the overheat of the steel melt is
controlled at 20-35.degree. C., the pulling speed is controlled at
0.5 m/min-0.6 m/min; [0031] (5) a heating step: the steel billet
produced in the continuous casting step is placed in a furnace to
be heated, wherein the preheating stage temperature is controlled
at 850.+-.30.degree. C., the heating stage temperature is
controlled at 1100.+-.30.degree. C., the soaking stage temperature
is controlled at 1130.+-.30.degree. C., the total time of the
soaking stage is not less than 2 hours; [0032] (6) a finish rolling
step: wherein the temperature of the steel is controlled at
.ltoreq.950.degree. C. at the entry into the finish rolling step;
the steel is subjected to low temperature rolling when the steel
temperature is 850-900.degree. C.; and [0033] (7) a cooling step:
wherein intense cooling and moderate cooling are carried out
alternately to allow the steel to undergo at least two stages of
water cooling, so that the core temperature and the surface
temperature become the same during the cooling.
[0034] The non quenched and tempered steels according to present
invention have following advantages:
1. The process for the production of non quenched and tempered
steel according to present invention alters the cooling mode before
finish rolling in previous production of non quenched and tempered
steel; the process at least has a cooling step after the finish
rolling step; in contrast to the cooling mode in the prior art
which employs the cooling mode of single water cooling or
consistent air cooling, the present process utilizes alternate
intense cooling and moderate cooling. The intense cooling can
ensure the surface temperature of the steel to decrease rapidly;
and the moderate cooling allows the core temperature of the steel
to dissipate gradually to the surface; a further intense cooling is
carried out to allow rapid heat dissipation. The intense cooling
and the moderate cooling can be carried out alternately several
times according to practical requirement. A water cooling mode
combining intense cooling and moderate cooling allows the core
temperature and the surface temperature of the steel to become the
same within a short time, and thus ensures the uniformity of the
mechanical properties of the steel and improves the production
efficiency. 2. According to the process for producing non quenched
and tempered steel of present invention, in said cooling step, the
steel is subjected to three stages of water cooling, wherein the
first stage of water cooling uses intense cooling, the second stage
of water cooling uses moderate cooling, and the third stage of
water cooling uses intense cooling. Upon the completion of the
finish rolling, the steel has a relatively high temperature. An
intense cooling is utilized in the first stage of water cooling so
that the surface temperature of the steel decreases rapidly. Due to
the heat transfer effect, after the surface temperature decreases,
the heat of the core gradually transfers to the surface. In order
to make the heat of the core transfers to the surface as much as
possible, a moderate cooling is utilized in the second stage of
water cooling. After the moderate cooling, heat transfer allows the
surface temperature to increase, and then the surface is cooled
rapidly again by intense cooling mode so that the surface heat is
removed quickly. At this time, the heat transfer allows the surface
temperature and the core temperature become the same, thus ensuring
the uniformity of mechanical properties. 3. According to the
process for producing non quenched and tempered steel of present
invention, in said cooling step, the cooling is controlled by
controlling the opening degree of valves of a water cooling unit,
in particular, the first stage valve opening degree is controlled
to be 30%-40%, the second stage valve opening degree is controlled
to be 20%, and the third stage valve opening degree is controlled
to be 30%-40% to ensure the surface temperature of the steel to
decrease 100.degree. C.-400.degree. C. in 4-7 seconds. The flow
rate of water can be controlled by controlling the opening degree
of valve, such that the intensity of water cooling can be
controlled. This control manner is very simple. After the valve
opens a certain length, the steel is introduced into water to
perform water treatment. During the water treatment, the surface of
the steel is cooled in all directions to ensure the uniformity of
surface cooling. 4. According to the process for producing non
quenched and tempered steel of present invention, in said cooling
step, the steel is subjected to temperature-dropping cooling by
means of spray cooling after temperature reversion. Spray cooling
is an advantageous supplement of water cooling. By spray cooling,
the heat of the core further spreads to the surface, which further
ensures the core temperature and the surface temperature become the
same. 5. According to the process for producing non quenched and
tempered steel of present invention, after said
temperature-dropping cooling, the steel is separately disposed on a
cold bed and subjected to air cooling for 10-12 minutes. After
spray cooling, the steel is separately disposed on a cold bed to
perform air cooling. A spray cooling can be additionally provided
to further dissipate surface heat. 6. According to the process for
producing non quenched and tempered steel of present invention,
after said air cooling, the steel is stacked to perform shield
cooling. Shield cooling is a manner of slow cooling. In order to
avoid the above cooling procedure too rapid and impairing the
structure and property of the steel, the steel is stacked and
subjected to shield cooling. After the cooling scheme including
water cooling, spray cooling and air cooling, the surface
temperature and the core temperature of the steel has essentially
become the same. At this time, shield cooling is used to slow down
the cooling speed, thereby improving the structure and property of
the steel. 7. According to the process for producing non quenched
and tempered steel of present invention, in said ladle furnace
smelting step, white slag is made and held for 20 minutes or more.
The white slag holding time is controlled strictly to make the
effect of deoxidation, desulfurization and inclusion removal of the
white slag more obvious, thereby improving the purity of steel. 8.
According to the process for producing non quenched and tempered
steel of present invention, in the refining step, the refining time
is not less than 45 minutes, and the hydrogen content is controlled
at 1.5 ppm or less. The refining process effectively controls the
hydrogen content and can better solve the risk of subsequent
hydrogen induced cracking of steel; there is an adequate time to
make a more uniform composition; and the process provides an
adequate time for inclusions to float upward, thereby effectively
solving the problem of controlling the inclusions, such that the
finished product will be purer. 9. According to the process for
producing non quenched and tempered steel of present invention, in
the continuous casting step, the overheat is strictly controlled at
20-35.degree. C.; the pulling speed is controlled at 0.5 m/min-0.6
m/min. In the continuous casting, a low overheat and a low pulling
speed ensure the quality of casting blanks. 10. The metallographic
structure at a magnification of 500.times. of the non quenched and
tempered steel provided in present invention comprises ferrite and
pearlite, and has an actual grain size (100.times.) rated to 10 to
11 according to GB/T6394; the grains are fine and uniform; and the
rate difference from the core to the edge is not greater than 1.5.
The mechanical properties of the surface and the core of steel are
uniform. The strength and the toughness from the core to the edge
change very little, thus effectively avoiding the defects that the
mechanical properties of general materials cannot satisfy
application demands after subjecting to large surface processing.
The hardness difference from the core to the edge is less than 30
HB, thus effectively avoiding the disadvantageous effect of large
hardness changes on cutting tools and processing. Moreover, the
content of inclusions is low, and the purity of the steel is
high.
[0035] The keypoint of present invention is to make the performance
of the surface and core of steels substantially consistent by
controlling the rolling and by controlling the cooling step after
the rolling, thereby improving the quality of steels. Specific
cooling control includes: [0036] (1) After finish rolling, the
steel is subjected to at least two stages of water cooling by
alternating intense cooling and moderate cooling, such that the
core temperature and the surface temperature of the steel become
the same within a certain time. In particular, after finish
rolling, said steel is subjected to three stages of water cooling,
wherein the first stage of water cooling uses intense cooling, the
second stage of water cooling uses moderate cooling, and the third
stage of water cooling uses intense cooling. In the specific water
cooling, the intensity of cooling is controlled by controlling the
opening degree of valve(s) of the water cooling unit. In present
invention, the intense cooling generally means a cooling at a
cooling rate of .gtoreq.7.degree. C./s, whereas the moderate
cooling means a cooling at a cooling rate of 2-4.degree. C./s.
[0037] (2) After water cooling, the steel is annealed and then
subjected to temperature-dropping cooling by means of spray cooling
after temperature reversion. [0038] (3) After said
temperature-dropping cooling, the steel is separately disposed on a
cold bed and subjected to air cooling for 10-12 minutes. [0039] (4)
After said air cooling, the steel is stacked and subjected to
shield cooling.
[0040] After finish rolling, the steel is subjected to cooling
control through above manner (especially water cooling), which
alters the cooling mode before finish rolling in previous
production of non quenched and tempered steel; the process at least
has a cooling step after the finish rolling step; in contrast to
the cooling mode in the prior art which employs the cooling mode of
single water cooling or consistent air cooling, the present process
utilizes alternate intense cooling and moderate cooling. The
intense cooling can ensure the surface temperature of the steel to
decrease rapidly; and the moderate cooling allows the core
temperature of the steel to dissipate gradually to the surface; a
further intense cooling is carried out to allow rapid heat
dissipation. The intense cooling and the moderate cooling can be
carried out alternately several times according to practical
requirement. A water cooling mode combining intense cooling and
moderate cooling allows the core temperature and the surface
temperature of the steel to become the same within a short time,
and thus ensures the uniformity of the mechanical properties of the
steel and improves the production efficiency. On such a basis, by a
combination control of subsequent spray cooling, air cooling and
shield cooling allows the core temperature to continuously
dissipate to the surface and the surface temperature to be taken
away constantly; moreover, the combination of said cooling manners
results in an appropriate cooling speed. Use of shield cooling
after air cooling allows the cooling speed not so fast in the case
that the surface temperature and the core temperature of steel are
consistent, thus improving overall mechanical properties.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] In order to make present invention to be clearly understood
more easily, the present invention will be further described in
detail according to the embodiments with reference to the drawings,
wherein:
[0042] FIG. 1 is a metallograph at a magnification of 500.times. of
a non quenched and tempered steel produced by the manufacturing
process of present invention;
[0043] FIG. 2 is an image showing the grain size of a non quenched
and tempered steel produced by the manufacturing process of present
invention;
[0044] FIG. 3 is an image showing inclusions of a non quenched and
tempered steel produced by the manufacturing process of present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Example 1
[0045] This example provides a process of producing non quenched
and tempered steel, comprising a finish rolling step and a cooling
step after the finish rolling, wherein, in the finish rolling step,
the temperature of rods at the entry into the finish rolling step
was controlled at .ltoreq.950.degree. C., the rods were subjected
to low temperature rolling when the rods temperature is 850.degree.
C.-900.degree. C. After the rolling, the steel was subjected to
three stages of water cooling by means of a specialized
controllable water cooling unit, wherein the first stage of water
cooling employed intense cooling, the second stage of water cooling
employed moderate cooling, and the third stage of water cooling
employed intense cooling.
[0046] Here, it should be noted that there are many ways to control
water cooling intensity. In this example, the water flow was
controlled by controlling the opening degree of the valve(s) of
water cooling unit so as to control water cooling strength.
Specifically, the first stage valve opening degree was controlled
to be 30%-40%, the second stage valve opening degree was controlled
to be 20%, and the third stage valve opening degree was controlled
to be 30%-40% to ensure the surface temperature of the rods to
decrease 100.degree. C.-400.degree. C. in 5 seconds. After the
temperature of the rods was reversed, the rods were subjected to
spray cooling to decrease the rods temperature by 50-100.degree.
C., such that the heat quickly dissipates, then the rods were
separately disposed on a cold bed and subjected to air cooling for
10-12 minutes, finally the rods were removed from the cold bed and
stacked to undergo shield cooling.
[0047] In the process of this example for producing a non quenched
and tempered steel which is in place of common quenched and
tempered 45 steel and directly for cutting application, the rods
were subjected to three stages of water cooling, wherein the first
stage of water cooling employed intense cooling, the second stage
of water cooling employed moderate cooling, and the third stage of
water cooling employed intense cooling. Upon the completion of
finish rolling, the rods had a relatively high temperature. The
rods were subjected to the first stage of water cooling using
intense cooling so that the surface temperature of the steel
decreased rapidly. After the surface temperature decreased, the
heat of the core gradually transferred to the surface, due to the
heat transfer effect. In order to make the heat of the core
transfer to the surface as much as possible, the second stage of
water cooling employed moderate cooling so that more time was left
for heat transfer of the core during cooling. After the moderate
cooling, the heat transfer allowed the surface temperature
increasing, and then the surface was cooled rapidly again by
intense cooling manner so that the heat of the surface was removed
quickly. At this time, the heat transfer allowed the surface
temperature and the core temperature become the same, thus ensuring
the uniformity of mechanical properties.
Example 2
[0048] This example provides a process of producing non quenched
and tempered steel, which was a further improvement over Example 1.
As compared with Example 1, this process further comprises a
smelting step before the finish rolling step, the smelting step
comprising electric furnace smelting step, ladle furnace smelting
and refining step carried out sequentially.
[0049] In the electric furnace smelting step, molten iron smelting
was employed, the phosphorus content before steel tapping was
strictly controlled at .ltoreq.0.015%, the final carbon content was
0.03% to 0.10%, and the final temperature was 1620.degree.
C.-1700.degree. C. The electric furnace smelting can better control
deslagging operation than traditional converter smelting.
[0050] In the ladle furnace (LF) smelting step, deoxidization was
performed using silicon carbide, ferrosilicon powder; lime was
added to make white slag; the white slag was held for 20 minutes or
more so that the inclusions can be thoroughly removed by the white
slag.
[0051] In the refining furnace (VD) smelting step, degassing
treatment was carried out to ensure that hydrogen content was
controlled at 1.5 ppm or less, and the refining time was not less
than 45 minutes.
[0052] Advantages of using LF furnace+VD furnace refining: as
compared with traditional process using LF furnace refining only,
this refining process effectively controls hydrogen content, and
can better solve the risk of subsequent hydrogen induced cracking
of bars; an adequate time allows to obtain a more uniform
composition; and an adequate time is provided for inclusions to
float upward, thus effectively solving the problem of inclusion
control.
Example 3
[0053] This example provides a process for producing non quenched
and tempered steel, which was a further improvement over Example 2.
In this example, the continuous casting step and heating step were
improved. The continuous casting step and the heating step were
arranged after the refining step, and before the rolling step and
the water cooling step.
[0054] In the continuous casting step, molten iron in a tundish was
introduced into a crystallizer by a submerged nozzle, thus the
problem that air tends to be brought in when using traditional
nozzles is avoided. Furthermore, argon gas was blow to the joint
site of the submerged nozzle and the tundish, thus preventing air
from entering into the tundish. The overheat was strictly
controlled at 20-35.degree. C., and the pulling speed was
controlled at 0.5 m/min-0.6 m/min. In the continuous casting, low
overheat and low casting speed ensured the quality of casting
blank. When cutting after continuous casting, the temperature at
cut place was controlled at .ltoreq.820.degree. C. After cutting,
the surface of the casting blank needed to be manually checked to
ensure no obvious defects. A macrostructure sample of the casting
blank was taken to ensure that the casting blank had no cracks or
shrinkage. The central looseness was not more than level three;
this requirement was to ensure the quality of the surface and
macrostructure of the rods that are subsequently rolled. After
passing inspection, the casting blank was sent to a heating furnace
to be heated, wherein the preheating stage temperature was
850.+-.30.degree. C., the heating stage temperature was
1100.+-.30.degree. C., the soaking stage temperature was
1130.+-.30.degree. C., and the total time of the soaking stage was
not less than 2 hours.
Example 4
[0055] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in above Example 1, which
consists of following chemical components by weight percent: carbon
0.42, silicon 0.20, manganese 0.50, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.010,
nickel 0.10, copper 0.20, phosphorus 0.010, sulfur 0.015, and
balance iron.
Example 5
[0056] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 1, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.50,
silicon 0.35, manganese 1.0, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.030, nickel
0.10, copper 0.20, phosphorus 0.015, sulfur 0.020, and balance
iron.
Example 6
[0057] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 1, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.45,
silicon 0.30, manganese 0.70, chromium 0.20, aluminum 0.020, nickel
0.05, copper 0.10, phosphorus 0.010, sulfur 0.025, and balance
iron.
Example 7
[0058] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 2, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.47,
silicon 0.25, manganese 0.60, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.010, nickel
0.10, copper 0.20, phosphorus 0.010, sulfur 0.10, and balance
iron.
Example 8
[0059] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 2, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.48,
silicon 0.28, manganese 0.8, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.025, nickel
0.08, copper 0.10, phosphorus 0.010, sulfur 0.015, and balance
iron.
Example 9
[0060] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 2, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.43,
silicon 0.30, manganese 0.55, chromium 0.25, aluminum 0.020, nickel
0.10, copper 0.20, sulfur 0.012, and balance iron.
Example 10
[0061] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 3, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.49,
silicon 0.32, manganese 0.92, chromium 0.25, aluminum 0.018, nickel
0.20, phosphorus 0.025, and balance iron.
Example 11
[0062] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 3, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.48,
silicon 0.29, manganese 0.70, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.028, nickel
0.15, phosphorus 0.010, and balance iron.
Example 12
[0063] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 3, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.50,
silicon 0.40, manganese 1.0, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.018, nickel
0.20, phosphorus 0.010, and balance iron.
Example 13
[0064] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 3, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.48,
silicon 0.30, manganese 0.60, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.015,
phosphorus 0.010, sulfur 0.010, and balance iron.
Example 14
[0065] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 3, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.49,
silicon 0.28, manganese 0.75, aluminum 0.018, nickel 0.10,
phosphorus 0.010, and balance iron.
Example 15
[0066] This example provides a non quenched and tempered steel
produced by the process described in Example 3, which consists of
following chemical components by weight percent: carbon 0.47,
silicon 0.28, manganese 0.75, aluminum 0.018, nickel 0.10, sulfur
0.010, phosphorus 0.010, and balance iron.
[0067] The metallographic structures at a magnification of
500.times. of the core of the non quenched and tempered steel
produced in Examples 4-15 comprise ferrite and pearlite (as shown
in FIG. 1), and have actual grain size (100.times.) rated to level
10 to 11 according to GB/T6394 (as shown in FIG. 2); the grains are
fine and uniform; and the rate difference from the core to the edge
is not greater than 1.5. The mechanical properties of the surface
and the core of steel are uniform. The strength and the toughness
from the core to the edge change very little, thus effectively
avoiding the defects that the mechanical properties of general
materials cannot satisfy application demands after subjecting to
large surface processing. The hardness difference from the core to
the edge is less than 30 HB, thus effectively avoiding the
disadvantageous effect of large hardness changes on cutting tools
and processing. Moreover, the content of inclusions is low, and the
purity of the steel is high (as shown in FIG. 3).
[0068] The mechanical property data of the steel produced in
Examples 4-15 were as shown in Table 1. It is clear from Table 1
that the non quenched and tempered steels produced by the process
of present invention have excellent overall mechanical properties
in terms of yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, reduction
of area, impact absorbing energy and so on. Moreover, it can be
seen from the performance data in Table 1 that, the Example in
which the process of Example 3 is used, and the steel consisting of
carbon 0.50, silicon 0.35, manganese 1.0, chromium 0.30, aluminum
0.018, nickel 0.20, phosphorus 0.010, and balance iron, exhibited
the best overall mechanical properties; i.e. Example 12 exhibited
the best overall mechanical properties.
[0069] As can be seen from the performance data provided in
following table, the non quenched and tempered steels produced by
the process provided in present invention can completely replace
common quenched and tempered 45 steel directly for cutting
processing, and exhibit excellent overall mechanical
properties.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 mechanical performance data of Examples 4-15
Impact Yield Tensile Elonga- Reduction absorbing Hard- Exam-
strength strength tion of area energy ness ple (N/mm.sup.2)
(N/mm.sup.2) % % J HB 4 498 749 24 44 77 188 5 526 770 26 47 79 196
6 500 754 26 46 79 192 7 503 756 27 47 80 194 8 507 769 28 48 82
202 9 501 764 28 49 83 204 10 504 767 27 46 82 202 11 505 758 26 45
78 191 12 530 778 28 49 83 210 13 515 757 28 48 76 207 14 517 753
25 47 82 206 15 514 753 27 46 80 200
Example 16
[0070] This example provides a general process for producing non
quenched and tempered steels, the process begins from smelting
step. The smelting step comprising electric furnace smelting step,
ladle furnace smelting and refining step carried out sequentially.
In the electric furnace smelting step, molten iron smelting was
employed, the phosphorus content before steel tapping was strictly
controlled at .ltoreq.0.015%, the final carbon content was 0.03% to
0.10%, and the final temperature was 1620.degree. C.-1700.degree.
C. The electric furnace smelting can better control deslagging
operation than traditional converter smelting. In the ladle furnace
(LF) smelting step, deoxidization was performed using silicon
carbide, ferrosilicon powder; lime was added to make white slag;
the white slag was held for 20 minutes or more so that the
inclusions can be thoroughly removed by the white slag. In the
refining furnace (VD) smelting step, degassing treatment was
carried out to ensure that hydrogen content was controlled at 1.5
ppm or less, and the refining time was not less than 45
minutes.
[0071] Advantages of using LF furnace+VD furnace refining: as
compared with traditional process using LF furnace refining only,
this refining process effectively controls hydrogen content, and
can better solve the risk of subsequent hydrogen induced cracking
of bars; an adequate time allows to obtain a more uniform
composition; and an adequate time is provided for inclusions to
float upward, thus effectively solving the problem of inclusion
control.
[0072] The refining step was followed by a continuous casting step.
In the continuous casting step, molten iron in a tundish was
introduced into a crystallizer by a submerged nozzle, thus the
problem that air tends to be brought in when using traditional
nozzles is avoided. Furthermore, argon gas was blow to the joint
site of the submerged nozzle and the tundish, thus preventing air
from entering into the tundish. The overheat was strictly
controlled at 20-35.degree. C., and the pulling speed was
controlled at 0.5 m/min-0.6 m/min. In the continuous casting, low
overheat and low casting speed ensured the quality of casting
blank. When cutting after continuous casting, the temperature at
cut place was controlled at .ltoreq.820.degree. C. After cutting,
the surface of the casting blank needed to be manually checked to
ensure no obvious defects. A macrostructure sample of the casting
blank was taken to ensure that the casting blank had no cracks or
shrinkage. The central looseness was not more than level three;
this requirement was to ensure the quality of the surface and
macrostructure of the rods that are subsequently rolled. After
passing inspection, the casting blank was sent to a heating furnace
to be heated, wherein the preheating stage temperature was
850.+-.30.degree. C., the heating stage temperature was
1100.+-.30.degree. C., the soaking stage temperature was
1130.+-.30.degree. C., and the total time of the soaking stage was
not less than 2 hours.
[0073] The heating step was followed by a finish rolling step and a
cooling step. In the finish rolling step, the temperature of rods
at the entry into the finish rolling step was controlled at
.ltoreq.950.degree. C., the rods were subjected to low temperature
rolling when the rods temperature is 850.degree. C.-900.degree. C.
After the rolling, the steel was subjected to three stages of water
cooling by means of a specialized controllable water cooling unit,
wherein the first stage of water cooling employed intense cooling,
the second stage of water cooling employed moderate cooling, and
the third stage of water cooling employed intense cooling.
[0074] In this example, the water flow was controlled by
controlling the opening degree of the valve(s) of water cooling
unit so as to control water cooling strength. Specifically, the
first stage valve opening degree was controlled to be 30%-40%, the
second stage valve opening degree was controlled to be 20%, and the
third stage valve opening degree was controlled to be 30%-40% to
ensure the surface temperature of the rods to decrease 100.degree.
C.-400.degree. C. in 5 seconds. After the temperature of the rods
was reversed, the rods were subjected to spray cooling to decrease
the rods temperature by 50-100.degree. C., such that the heat
quickly dissipates, then the rods were separately disposed on a
cold bed and subjected to air cooling for 10-12 minutes, finally
the rods were removed from the cold bed and stacked to undergo
shield cooling.
[0075] In the production process of this example, the rods were
subjected to three stages of water cooling, wherein the first stage
of water cooling employed intense cooling, the second stage of
water cooling employed moderate cooling, and the third stage of
water cooling employed intense cooling. Upon the completion of
finish rolling, the rods had a relatively high temperature. The
rods were subjected to the first stage of water cooling using
intense cooling so that the surface temperature of the steel
decreased rapidly. After the surface temperature decreased, the
heat of the core gradually transferred to the surface, due to the
heat transfer effect. In order to make the heat of the core
transfer to the surface as much as possible, the second stage of
water cooling employed moderate cooling so that more time was left
for heat transfer of the core during cooling. After the moderate
cooling, the heat transfer allowed the surface temperature
increasing, and then the surface was cooled rapidly again by
intense cooling manner so that the heat of the surface was removed
quickly. At this time, the heat transfer allowed the surface
temperature and the core temperature become the same, thus ensuring
the uniformity of mechanical properties.
[0076] Obviously, the above examples are merely exemplary examples
for clear description, but not a limitation to the embodiments.
Those skilled in the art can make a change or modification in other
forms on the basis of above descriptions. It is unnecessary and
impossible to list all the embodiments. Obvious changes or
modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection
scope of the present invention.
* * * * *