U.S. patent application number 15/073109 was filed with the patent office on 2016-07-14 for removal of glycerin from biodiesel using an electrostatic process.
The applicant listed for this patent is Cameron Solutions, Inc.. Invention is credited to Sarabjit S. Randhava, Gary W. Sams, William A. Summers, Harry G. Wallace.
Application Number | 20160199755 15/073109 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42129193 |
Filed Date | 2016-07-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160199755 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sams; Gary W. ; et
al. |
July 14, 2016 |
Removal Of Glycerin From Biodiesel Using An Electrostatic
Process
Abstract
A vertical electrostatic coalescer comprises a first and second
electrode surface and a horizontally disposed foraminous surface.
The first electrode surface and horizontally disposed foraminous
surface are at ground potential. The first and second electrode
surfaces share the same planar orientation relative to the central
longitudinal axis of the vessel. The unique arrangement of the
vessel and opposing pairs of first and second electrode surfaces
provides for a substantially uniform voltage field around a
perimeter of the vessel and an effective voltage field for
coalescence within a center of the vessel. A circular-shaped
distributor pipe or a distributor housing serves to absorb momentum
of the incoming emulsion stream and distribute the stream into an
interior of the vessel.
Inventors: |
Sams; Gary W.; (Spring,
TX) ; Summers; William A.; (Des Moines, IA) ;
Randhava; Sarabjit S.; (Evanston, IL) ; Wallace;
Harry G.; (Tulsa, OK) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Cameron Solutions, Inc. |
Houston |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
42129193 |
Appl. No.: |
15/073109 |
Filed: |
March 17, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13857594 |
Apr 5, 2013 |
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15073109 |
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12261208 |
Oct 30, 2008 |
8414756 |
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13857594 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
204/555 ;
204/554 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B03C 3/09 20130101; B03C
3/49 20130101; B03C 2201/10 20130101; B03C 3/41 20130101; C10G
2300/1011 20130101; B03C 11/00 20130101; B03C 2201/02 20130101;
Y02E 50/10 20130101; Y02E 50/13 20130101; B01D 17/06 20130101; B03C
2201/30 20130101; B03C 2201/04 20130101; Y02P 30/20 20151101; C10L
1/026 20130101; B01D 17/045 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B01D 17/04 20060101
B01D017/04; B01D 17/06 20060101 B01D017/06 |
Claims
1. A method for promoting glycerin coalescence in a biodiesel
stream comprising the steps of: passing the biodiesel stream into
vertically elongated, closed vessel through a fluid inlet located
at a lower portion of said vessel; establishing a voltage field
around a perimeter portion of said vessel and in a center portion
of said vessel, said voltage field established by a set of grounded
first electrodes located in an upper portion of said vessel and
arranged as a horizontal planar grid lying perpendicular to a
central vertical axis of said vessel and having supports which
connect the grid to the vessel; and a first and a second set of
charged second electrodes located in the upper portion of said
vessel, the first and second sets arranged as horizontally oriented
parallel rods lying perpendicular to the central vertical axis of
said vessel, the first set lying entirely above and the second set
lying entirely below the horizontal planar grid of grounded first
electrodes; coalescing glycerin in the biodiesel stream as the
biodiesel stream flows upwardly through the voltage field,
augmenting separation thereof from the biodiesel stream; collecting
the coalesced glycerin in a glycerin phase at a bottom of said
vessel; removing said glycerin phase from said vessel through a
first fluid outlet located at a lower portion of said vessel; and
removing a remaining portion of the biodiesel stream from said
vessel though a second fluid outlet located at a top portion of
said vessel.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein a horizontally disposed
foraminous surface is located in a lower portion of said vessel and
is in communication with an interior surface of said vessel to
ground the foraminous surface.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein one or more connector
passageways are located on an interior surface of said horizontal
planar grid and allow for one or more connectors connectable to
said first and second sets of second electrodes to pass
therethrough.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein a voltage between each
opposing pair of first and second electrodes is in a range of 2
kV/inch to 8 kV/inch.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein a distributor housing is
connected to said fluid inlet and has an array of ports located at
an upper portion of said distributor housing.
6. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of
regulating the level of the glycerin phase in said vessel with a
level control located in a lower portion of said vessel.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/857,594, filed Apr. 5, 2013, which was a
divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
12/261,208, filed Oct. 30, 2008, which issued as U.S. Pat. No.
8,414,756 on Apr. 9, 2013, the contents of which are hereby
incorporated by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates generally to electrostatic
coalescers, and, more particularly, to an improved vertical
coalescer to promote separation of glycerin from biodiesel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Conventional biodiesel production employs homogeneous
alkaline catalysts to transform seed oils or animal fats into fatty
acid alkyl esters and glycerin. The normal volume ratio of alkyl
esters to glycerin is 10:1. Separating the glycerin from the ester
layers by capitalizing on their different specific gravities-1.26
kg/L for glycerin and 0.86-0.90 kg/L for esters--is common but cost
inefficient.
[0004] Large quantities of water are required to remove glycerin
and spent catalyst from the ester layer, which tends to reduce the
market value of the glycerin byproduct. Static or centrifugal
separators are difficult to manage and tedious to operate, lending
considerable risk to the quality of the final alkyl ester product,
which must meet ASTM specifications (D6751-07b) before any use in
on-road vehicles as biodiesel.
[0005] Newer continuous processes for biodiesel production using
heterogeneous catalysts enable the transesterification reaction to
proceed continuously. Such continuous processing requires the
application of cost effective, time efficient, and complete
separation of glycerin from the alkyl ester stream. Because no
water is used in these newer solid catalytic processes, the quality
of the glycerin is higher (about 98%) and its market value
considerably greater than glycerin from homogeneous catalytic
processes. The lower volume glycerin streams, which typically range
from less than 400 barrels per day to as much as 1,000 barrels per
day, require a continuous, rapid separation for their economy.
[0006] Recent tests conducted by the inventors have shown that
glycerin can be readily and rapidly coalesced by an electrostatic
field and the separation rate is increased by the development of
large glycerin droplets. Although electrostatic coalescence is a
proven, effective method for crude oil dehydration, electrostatic
coalescers are not well-suited for biodiesel production. These
crude oil coalescers are typically large, horizontally oriented
vessels. A need exists, therefore, for smaller, vertically
oriented, electrostatic coalescers to promote the separation of
glycerin from alky fatty acid esters in the continuous production
of biodiesel.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] An electrostatic coalescer for promoting glycerin
coalescence in biodiesel e comprises an vertically disposed vessel
having a fluid inlet located at a lower portion, a first fluid
outlet located at a bottom, and a second fluid outlet located at a
top of the vessel. In a preferred embodiment, two or more
vertically disposed first and second electrode surfaces are located
in an upper portion of the vessel. The electrodes radially extend
outward from and about a central longitudinal axis of the vessel.
The vessel is at ground potential and a portion of one or more of
the first electrode surfaces is in communication with an interior
surface of the vessel. A portion of one or more of the second
electrodes is in communication with a power supply. Various types
of power supply and electric circuitry may be employed to create
effective electric fields for coalescence of the glycerin droplets
contained in the emulsion.
[0008] Each first electrode surface lies adjacent to a second
electrode surface, and each adjacent first and second electrode
surfaces have substantially equal angular spacing therebetween. The
first electrode surface preferably has a substantially uniform
cross sectional area. The second electrode surface preferably has a
teardrop-shaped cross sectional area. The unique arrangement of the
vessel and opposing pairs of first and second electrode surfaces
provides for a substantially uniform AC voltage field around a
perimeter of the vessel and an effective DC field for coalescence
within a center of the vessel. A field in the range of 2 kV/inch to
8 kV/inch is preferable for coalescing the glycerin.
[0009] The electrostatic coalescer further comprises a
circular-shaped distributor pipe or a distributor housing that
serves to absorb momentum of the incoming emulsion stream. An array
of ports located about a periphery of the distributor pipe--or an
array of ports located on an upper surface of the
housing--substantially evenly distributes the stream into an
interior of the vessel. As the glycerin-in-biodiesel stream enters
the electric field established by the electrode surfaces, glycerin
droplets coalesce. Once the droplets reach a size that overcomes
gravity, the droplets fall to a glycerin phase located at a lower
portion of the vessel. A level control monitors the glycerin phase
and controls an outlet valve.
[0010] In another preferred embodiment, the electrostatic coalescer
comprises one or more horizontally disposed first electrode
surfaces located in an upper portion of the vessel. The electrode
surface may be a circular shaped bar grate. A portion of the
electrode surface is in communication with an inner surface of the
vessel, which is at ground potential. Two or more horizontally
disposed second electrode surfaces are oriented substantially
parallel to the first electrode surface and are located a
substantially equal distance above and below the first electrode
surface, respectively. A passageway through the first electrode
surface allows for a connector to connect the two second electrode
surfaces to one another without communicating with the first
electrode surface. The second electrode surface may comprise two or
more rods of varying length, each rod oriented parallel to the
other with each end of the rods lying a substantially equal
distance from an opposing inner surface of the vessel. A power
supply external to the vessel is in communication with one of the
second electrode surfaces.
[0011] A better understanding of the invention will be obtained
from the following description of the preferred embodiments and the
claims, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vertical electrostatic
coalescer having a circular conduit for distributing an inlet
stream of biodiesel and glycerin and employing an electric field to
coalesce the glycerin droplets in the biodiesel. The electric field
comprises circumferentially arranged and vertically disposed
electrode surfaces.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a view of the electrostatic coalescer taken along
section line 2-2 of FIG. 1. Electrode surfaces having a charge
alternate with and are substantially equally spaced between
electrode surfaces at ground potential.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a view taken along section line 3-3 of FIG. 1. A
circular conduit having an array of ports serves to absorb momentum
of the inlet stream and substantially evenly distribute the stream
into an interior of the coalescer.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a view taken along section line 4-4 of FIG. 1. A
set of concentric rings provides support and spacing for the
circumferentially arranged fin-shaped electrode surfaces
[0016] FIG. 5 is view of a typical operating environment for the
electrostatic coalescer.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of
the vertical electrostatic coalescer having a distributor housing
and employing an electric field. The electric field comprises
horizontally disposed electrode surfaces, one surface having the
same charge as a power supply, the other surface being at ground
potential.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a view of the electrostatic coalescer taken along
section line 7-7 of FIG. 6. An open, circular-shaped baffle helps
to control turbulence and a flow of biodiesel to an outlet.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a view taken along section line 8-8 of FIG. 6. An
electrode surface at charge comprises a plurality of different
length rods, the rods being arranged in parallel with each rod end
being a substantially equal distance from an opposing inner surface
of the coalescer.
[0020] FIG. 9 is a view taken along section line 9-9 of FIG. 6. An
electrode surface at ground potential comprises a circular bar
grate having circular passageways therethrough.
[0021] FIG. 10 is a view taken along section line 10-10 of FIG.
6.
[0022] FIG. 11 is a view taken along section line 11-11 of FIG. 6.
A distributor housing having an array of ports serves to absorb
momentum of the inlet stream and substantially evenly distribute
the stream into an interior of the coalescer.
[0023] FIG. 12 is a view taken along section line 12-12 of FIG. 6.
An open, cylindrical-shaped baffle helps to control turbulence and
a flow of coalesced glycerin to an outlet.
[0024] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of
the vertical electrostatic coalescer having a distributor housing
and employing an electric field. The electric field includes a
cylindrical wire screen having the same charge as a power supply
and a centrally disposed, vertical closed cylinder being at ground
potential.
[0025] FIG. 14 is a view taken along section line 14-14 of FIG.
13.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0026] An electrostatic coalescer as described below is not limited
in its application to the details illustrated in the accompanying
drawings. The coalescer is capable of other embodiments and of
being practiced or carried out in a variety of ways. The
phraseology and terminology employed herein, therefore, are for
purposes of description and not limitation. Elements illustrated in
the drawings are identified by the following numbers:
TABLE-US-00001 10 Electrostatic coalescer 12 Vessel 14 Vessel top
16 Vessel bottom 18 Contact rod 20 Emulsion inlet 22 Glycerin
outlet 24 Biodiesel outlet 26 Support leg 28 Baffle 30 Distributor
conduit 32 Port 34 Distributor housing 36 Port 38 Pipe with tee
outlet 40 Brace 42 Electrode 44 Fastener 46 Insulated connector 48
Support 50 Electrode 52 Rod 54 Fastener 56 Passageway 58 Brace 60
Insulated hanger 62 Insulated hanger 64 Ring 66 Ring 68 Spoke 70
Electrode 72 Electrode 74 Centralizer 76 Tab 78 Cap 80 Float
assembly 88 Baffle 90 Power source 92 High voltage connection 94
Conductor 96 Foraminous plate 98 Electrode 100 Electrode 102 Hangar
assembly
[0027] Referring to FIG. 1, in a preferred embodiment an
electrostatic coalescer 10 comprises a vertically oriented vessel
12 having an inlet 20, a heavy component (glycerin) outlet 22, and
a lighter component (biodiesel) outlet 24. Positioned within vessel
12 is a first electrode surface 70 and a second electrode surface
72. Electrode 70 is in communication with vessel 12, which is at
ground potential, via a set of tabs 76. Because glycerin is such a
poor conductor, it is preferable to add a ground in the form of a
foraminous plate 96, which is attached to vessel 12 and located in
a lower portion of vessel 12. Plate 96 may also be a wire screen or
bar grate. Electrode 72 is connected by a conductor 94 to a power
source (not shown). Conductor 94 enters an interior of vessel 12
through a contract rod 80 located on an exterior surface of vessel
12. The power source is of a type well known in electrostatic
coalescence and the electrical circuitry employed may incorporate
multiple frequency wave forms. For more detailed information on
power sources and related circuitry used in electrostatic
coalescence, review U.S. Pat. No. 6,860,979, entitled "Dual
Frequency Electrostatic Coalescence" and issued to Gary W. Sams on
Aug. 7, 2002, and application Ser. No. 11/057,900, entitled
"Multiple Frequency Electrostatic Coalescence," filed Feb. 15,
2005, by Gary W. Sams, both of which are hereby incorporated by
reference.
[0028] Electrodes 70, 72 form an electric field within an interior
of vessel 12. The electrodes 70, 72 are oriented so that the
glycerin-in-biodiesel stream passes between and about adjacent
pairs of electrodes 70, 72 and through the electric field. As
illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4, each electrode 72 preferably has a
teardrop-shaped cross sectional area and is suspended vertically by
a pair of rings 64, 66 that are oriented horizontally and arranged
concentric to a central longitudinal axis of vessel 12. Electrode
70 preferably has a substantially uniform cross sectional area. The
rings 64, 66, in turn, are suspended by three insulated hanger rods
62 which electrically insulate vessel 12 from a charge being
applied to ring 64 at connection point 92. Four substantially
equally spaced spokes 68 connect rings 64 and 66 to one
another.
[0029] The electrodes 72 radially extend outward in relation to a
central longitudinal axis of vessel 12 so that each electrode 72
relative to each adjacent electrode 70 preferably has substantially
the same angular spacing therebetween. An inner lateral edge and an
outer lateral surface of each electrode 72 lies a substantially
equal distance from an opposing inner surface of vessel 12 and the
central longitudinal axis of vessel 12, respectively. Through the
above arrangement, electrodes 72 carry a charge but remain
insulated from vessel 12 and electrode 70.
[0030] Each electrode 70 radially extend outward from a hollow
cylindrical-body centralizer 74. The electrodes 70 are preferably
arranged so that each electrode 70 relative to each adjacent
electrode 72 has substantially the same angular spacing
therebetween. Centralizer 74 is arranged concentric to the central
longitudinal axis of vessel 12 and has a conical-shaped end cap 78
at each end. End cap 78 prevents emulsion from entering an interior
of centralizer 74 and serves to reduce turbulence within vessel
12.
[0031] A portion of an outer lateral edge of electrode 70 connects
to a tab 74 located on an inner surface of vessel 12. Adjacent
pairs of electrode 70 form a space within which an electrode 72 is
contained. Each electrode 72 has substantially equal angular
spacing from each electrode 70. The relative spacing and shape of
electrodes 70, 72 also work to control turbulence within vessel 12.
Additionally, because an exterior surface of centralizer 74 is in
contact with an inner lateral edge of electrode 70, centralizer 74
functions as an electrode. Similarly, an inner surface of vessel 12
functions as an electrode. The configuration and positioning of
electrodes 70 and 72 relative to each other and to vessel 12 and
centralizer 74 provides for a substantially uniform electric field
preferably in a range of 2 to 8 kV per inch spacing between
electrodes 70 and 72.
[0032] Returning to FIG. 1, and also referring to FIG. 3, the
glycerin-in-biodiesel stream flowing into inlet 20 is routed to a
distributor conduit 30, preferably circular shaped. Conduit 30 has
an array of substantially evenly spaced circular-shaped ports 32
located about its periphery 30a. Conduit 30 absorbs momentum of the
incoming glycerin-in-biodiesel stream and reduces its velocity,
thereby controlling turbulence within vessel 12 while distributing
the stream substantially evenly within vessel 12. As the stream
disperses into the interior of vessel 12 it migrates upwardly
toward the electric field created by electrodes 70 and 72. As the
emulsion travels through the electric field, a bulk of the
dispersed glycerin coalesces.
[0033] As the coalesced droplets grow in size, gravity overcomes
the electric field that suspends the droplets between the
electrodes 70, 72, and the droplets fall to a glycerin phase
collecting at a bottom 16 of vessel 12. A float assembly 80
monitors the level of glycerin being collected. Once the level of
glycerin reaches a predetermined level, a valve (not shown) opens
and allows the glycerin to exit vessel 12 through outlet 22.
[0034] FIG. 5 illustrates a typical operating environment for the
electrostatic coalescer 10. The transesterification reaction occurs
upstream from the coalescer, whether by the conventional process
involving the admixture of triglycerides, methanol and the
homogeneous alkaline catalyst, or by the newer process employing a
heterogeneous, acid catalyst in which triglycerides and methanol
are admixed and then stirred with the solid catalyst or passed over
a fixed bed containing the solid catalyst. Once the reaction is
complete, the feed to the electrostatic separator in either case,
containing biodiesel and glycerin, will have been cooled and
stripped of residual methanol and water, as appropriate. This feed
to the electrostatic coalescer 10 will consist of biodiesel and
glycerin in an approximate ratio by volume of 10:1.
[0035] Referring now to FIG. 6, another preferred embodiment of
electrostatic coalescer 10 is illustrated. In this embodiment,
electrodes 42 and 50 form an electric field. Electrode 42 is in
communication with vessel 12, which is at ground potential, via a
fastener 44 that attaches electrode 42 to an internal brace 58.
Foraminous plate 96 is also at ground potential. Electrode 50 is
connected to a power source (not shown) by a conductor 94 and is
suspended by insulated hangers 62 that connect to an electrode
supporting structure 46. The electrodes 42, 50 are each oriented in
a horizontal plane, with a pair of electrodes 50a and 50b being
positioned substantially parallel to and a substantially equal
distance above and below electrode 42, respectively. An insulated
connector 46 connects electrodes 50a and 50b.
[0036] As illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 10, electrode 50 preferably
comprises a series of varying length rods 52a, 52b, each rod 52a,
52b being held by a pair of fasteners 54 and arranged so that
adjacent rods 52a, 52b are parallel to one another and the end of
each rod 52a, 52b lies a substantially equal distance from an
opposing inner surface of vessel 12. As illustrated in FIG. 9,
electrode 42 preferably comprises a circular-shaped bar grate being
arranged concentric to vessel 12 and having two circular-shaped
passageways 56 located on its interior surface. Insulated connector
50 passes through passageway 56, thereby isolating electrodes 42
and 50 from one another. The relative spacing and shapes of
electrodes 42, 52 also work to control turbulence within vessel
12.
[0037] Returning to FIG. 6, and also referring to FIGS. 7, 11, and
12, the glycerin-in-biodiesel stream flowing into inlet 20 is
routed to pipe 38 having a tee at one end and being located within
a distributor housing 34. One end of the tee of pipe 38 mates
against a bottom surface of housing 34, the other end faces an
array of substantially evenly spaced circular-shaped ports 36
located on an upper surface of housing 34. Housing 34 and pipe 38
absorb momentum of the incoming glycerin-in-biodiesel stream and
reduce its velocity, thereby controlling turbulence within vessel
12 while distributing the stream substantially evenly within vessel
12.
[0038] As the stream disperses into the interior of vessel 12 it
migrates upwardly toward the electric field created by electrodes
42 and 50. As the stream travels through electric field F, a bulk
of the dispersed glycerin coalesces. As the coalesced droplets grow
in size, gravity overcomes the electric field F that suspends the
droplets between the electrodes 42 and 50 and the droplets fall to
a glycerin phase collecting at a bottom 16 of vessel 12. A
circular-shaped open-top baffle 48 serves to control a flow of
glycerin to outlet 22. Similarly, a circular-shaped open-bottom
baffle serves to control the flow of biodiesel to outlet 24.
[0039] FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate another embodiment of
electrostatic coalescer 10. In this embodiment, electrodes 98 and
100 form an electric field. Electrode 98 is a foraminous surface,
preferably a cylindrical wire screen, connected to a power source
(not shown) by conductor 94 and suspended by insulated hangers 62.
Electrode 100 is a solid surface, preferably a hollow, closed end,
cylinder in communication with vessel 12, which is at ground
potential, via a hanger assembly 102. The electrodes 98, 100 are
each oriented in a vertical plane. Foraminous plate 96 is at ground
potential.
[0040] While electrostatic coalescer 10 has been described with a
certain degree of particularity, many changes may be made in the
details of construction and the arrangement of components without
departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. The
invention, therefore, is limited only by the scope of the attached
claims, including the full range of equivalency to which each
element thereof is entitled.
* * * * *