U.S. patent application number 14/911973 was filed with the patent office on 2016-07-07 for surgical instruments and methods of cleaning surgical instruments.
This patent application is currently assigned to INTUITIVE SURGICAL OPERATIONS, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is INTUITIVE SURGICAL OPERATIONS, INC.. Invention is credited to S. Christopher ANDERSON, Jordan KLEIN, William PARK, Denise PONGANIS, Daniel SARALIEV, Philip TRENHOLME.
Application Number | 20160193012 14/911973 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52468663 |
Filed Date | 2016-07-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160193012 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ANDERSON; S. Christopher ;
et al. |
July 7, 2016 |
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF CLEANING SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
Abstract
In accordance with at least one exemplary embodiment, a surgical
instrument comprises a shaft comprising a distal end a proximal
end, a wall extending from the distal end to the proximal end and
having an exterior surface and an interior surface. At least a
first portion of the shaft may include openings that penetrate the
interior and exterior surfaces of the wall and provide flow
communication from an exterior of the shaft to an interior of the
shaft. At least one transverse cross-sectional plane and at least
one longitudinal cross-section plane through the portion of the
shaft including openings may each intersect multiple openings that
penetrate the interior and exterior surfaces of the wall. The
surgical instrument may include a manifold in flow communication
with an interior of the shaft. The surgical instrument may include
a flexible sleeve located inside the interior of the shaft.
Inventors: |
ANDERSON; S. Christopher;
(San Francisco, CA) ; KLEIN; Jordan; (Palo Alto,
CA) ; PARK; William; (San Jose, CA) ;
PONGANIS; Denise; (Fremont, CA) ; SARALIEV;
Daniel; (Soquel, CA) ; TRENHOLME; Philip;
(Santa Cruz, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
INTUITIVE SURGICAL OPERATIONS, INC. |
Sunnyvale |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
INTUITIVE SURGICAL OPERATIONS,
INC.
Sunnyvale
CA
|
Family ID: |
52468663 |
Appl. No.: |
14/911973 |
Filed: |
August 13, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
August 13, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2014/050925 |
371 Date: |
February 12, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61866315 |
Aug 15, 2013 |
|
|
|
61866311 |
Aug 15, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
606/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 90/361 20160201;
A61B 34/70 20160201; A61B 90/70 20160201; A61B 34/30 20160201 |
International
Class: |
A61B 90/70 20060101
A61B090/70; A61B 34/30 20060101 A61B034/30; A61B 90/00 20060101
A61B090/00 |
Claims
1. A surgical instrument, comprising: a shaft comprising a distal
end, a proximal end, a wall extending from the distal end to the
proximal end and having an exterior surface and an interior
surface; wherein at least a first portion of the shaft includes
openings that penetrate the interior and exterior surfaces of the
wall and provide flow communication from an exterior of the shaft
to an interior of the shaft; wherein at least one transverse
cross-sectional plane and at least one longitudinal cross-section
plane through the portion of the shaft including openings each
intersect multiple openings that penetrate the interior and
exterior surfaces of the wall.
2. The surgical instrument of claim 1, further comprising a second
portion of the shaft that includes openings that penetrate the
interior and exterior surfaces of the wall and provide flow
communication from an exterior of the shaft to an interior of the
shaft, wherein the openings of the first and second portions differ
in at least one of size, density, and shape.
3. The surgical instrument of claim 1, further comprising a
manifold in flow communication with the interior of the shaft, the
manifold comprising a port configured to be coupled to a cleaning
fluid supply.
4. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein the manifold directs
flow through an approximately 180.degree. turn between the port and
the shaft.
5. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the plurality of
openings change in density along a longitudinal direction of the
shaft.
6. The surgical instrument of claim 5, wherein the change in
density of the openings occurs at a substantially linear rate or
occurs in different regions of the shaft.
7. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the openings are
larger in size toward the distal end of the shaft.
8. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the shaft includes a
portion that does not include the openings.
9. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the surgical
instrument comprises a camera device.
10. The surgical instrument of claim 9, further comprising a
flexible sleeve located inside the interior of the shaft that one
or more flux transmission conduits configured to collect optical
data or provide light to illuminate a work site extend through.
11. The surgical instrument of claim 10, wherein the flexible
sleeve is fluidically sealed to a distal end of the instrument and
fluidically sealed to the instrument proximal to at least one joint
of the instrument.
12. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the surgical
instrument comprises an end effector.
13. The surgical instrument of claim 12, further comprising a
flexible sleeve located inside the interior of the shaft that at
least one of an actuation member and flux conduit extend
through.
14. The surgical instrument of claim 13, wherein the flexible
sleeve is connected to at least one of a disk of a wrist of the
surgical instrument and a distal end piece of the surgical
instrument.
15. The surgical instrument of claim 12, further comprising a seal
located in the interior of the shaft and at least one actuation
member extending along a longitudinal direction of the shaft to
actuate the end effector, wherein the actuation member passes
through the seal in sealing engagement with the seal.
16. The surgical instrument of claim 15, wherein the actuation
member includes a tube that is in the sealing engagement with the
seal.
17. The surgical instrument of claim 15, the seal further
comprising a central aperture that at least one of a flux conduit
and a second actuation member extends through.
18. The surgical instrument of claim 12, further comprising a
sheath located on an exterior of the first portion of the
shaft.
19. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the instrument
includes a layered open architecture.
20. The surgical instrument of claim 19, further comprising a
shroud extending through the interior of the shaft, wherein the
shroud includes a shroud wall with an exterior surface and an
interior surface and openings that penetrate the interior and
exterior surfaces of the shroud wall and provide flow communication
from an exterior of the shroud to an interior of the shroud,
wherein the layered open architecture comprises the openings of the
shaft and the openings of the shroud.
21. The surgical instrument of claim 20, wherein at least one
actuation member extends through the interior of the shroud.
22.-45. (canceled)
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/866,311, filed Aug. 15, 2013, and U.S.
Provisional Application No. 61/866,315, filed Aug. 15, 2013, each
of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to surgical
instruments for a robotic surgical system and methods of cleaning
surgical instruments.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Robotically controlled surgical instruments are often used
in minimally invasive medical procedures (as used herein, the terms
"robot" or "robotically" and the like include teleoperation or
telerobotic aspects). During medical procedures, surgical
instruments may be inserted within the body of a patient to perform
medical procedures. During a medical procedure, surgical
instruments may be exposed to various biomaterials, including
fluids, tissues, and other materials. When it is desired to reuse a
surgical instrument, or one or more components of a surgical
instrument, it may be desirable to clean the instrument, or the one
or more components of an instrument, in a manner that enables the
instrument or components thereof to be reused safely. There exists
a need for improvement of cleaning procedures and systems for
surgical instruments to provide relative efficient and effective
cleaning.
SUMMARY
[0004] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may solve
one or more of the above-mentioned problems and/or may demonstrate
one or more of the above-mentioned desirable features. Other
features and/or advantages may become apparent from the description
that follows.
[0005] In accordance with at least one exemplary embodiment, a
surgical instrument comprises a shaft comprising a distal end, a
proximal end, a wall extending from the distal end to the proximal
end and having an exterior surface and an interior surface. At
least a first portion of the shaft may include openings that
penetrate the interior and exterior surfaces of the wall and
provide flow communication from an exterior of the shaft to an
interior of the shaft. At least one transverse cross-sectional
plane and at least one longitudinal cross-section plane through the
portion of the shaft including openings may each intersect multiple
openings that penetrate the interior and exterior surfaces of the
wall.
[0006] Additional objects, features, and/or advantages will be set
forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be
obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the
present disclosure and/or claims. At least some of these objects
and advantages may be realized and attained by the elements and
combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
[0007] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
description and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the claims; rather
the claims should be entitled to their full breadth of scope,
including equivalents.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] The present disclosure can be understood from the following
detailed description, either alone or together with the
accompanying drawings. The drawings are included to provide a
further understanding of the present disclosure, and are
incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The
drawings illustrate one or more exemplary embodiments of the
present teachings and together with the description serve to
explain certain principles and operation.
[0009] FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of an exemplary
embodiment of a manipulator arm of a patient side cart with two
electrosurgical instruments in an installed position, one of which
is shown in electrical communication with a flux generator.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary
embodiment of a surgical instrument according to the present
disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary
embodiment of a proximal portion of a surgical instrument in
accordance with the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a partial side view of an exemplary embodiment of
a surgical instrument according to the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 5 is the enlarged view labeled FIG. 5 in FIG. 4.
[0014] FIG. 6 is a partial side view of another exemplary
embodiment of a surgical instrument according to the present
disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 7 is the enlarged view labeled FIG. 7 in FIG. 6.
[0016] FIG. 8 is a partial side view of an exemplary embodiment of
a surgical instrument according to the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 9 is a partial side view of yet another exemplary
embodiment of a surgical instrument according to the present
disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 10 is a partial side view of another exemplary
embodiment of a surgical instrument according to the present
disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 11 is a perspective partial cut away view of an
exemplary embodiment of a surgical instrument in accordance with
the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary
embodiment of a surgical instrument including holes in a sidewall
of the shaft of the instrument.
[0021] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of
an endoscopic camera instrument in accordance with the present
disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 14 is the enlarged view labeled FIG. 14 in FIG. 12.
[0023] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of
a seal for a camera device in accordance with the present
disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 16 is a partial side cross-sectional view of an
exemplary embodiment of an endoscopic camera instrument according
to the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 17 is the enlarged view labeled FIG. 17 in FIG. 16.
[0026] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of
a cleaning device in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 19 is a side view of the cleaning device of FIG. 18
depicted with a surgical instrument inserted through the cleaning
device.
[0028] FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the cleaning device of
FIG. 18 taken along lines 20-20 in FIG. 18 and with the end pieces
shown disengaged from the body of the cleaning device.
[0029] FIG. 21 is a side cross-sectional view of another exemplary
embodiment of a cleaning device in accordance with the present
disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the cleaning device of FIG.
21.
[0031] FIG. 23 is a side cross-sectional view of another exemplary
embodiment of a cleaning device according to the present
disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of yet another exemplary
embodiment of a cleaning device in accordance with the present
disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 25 is a top view of the cleaning device of FIG. 24 in
an open position.
[0034] FIG. 26 is a side cross-sectional view of the cleaning
device of FIG. 24 during a cleaning procedure for a surgical
instrument.
[0035] FIG. 27 is partial perspective view of an exemplary
embodiment of a proximal portion of a surgical instrument with a
locking mechanism in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 28 is a partial side view of an exemplary embodiment of
a surgical instrument including a shroud according to the present
disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 29 is a partial perspective view of the shroud of FIG.
28 without an actuation member.
[0038] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional end view of an exemplary
embodiment of a shroud.
[0039] FIG. 31 is a partial side view of an exemplary embodiment of
a shroud.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] This description and the accompanying drawings that
illustrate exemplary embodiments should not be taken as limiting.
Various mechanical, compositional, structural, electrical, and
operational changes may be made without departing from the scope of
this description and the invention as claimed, including
equivalents. In some instances, well-known structures and
techniques have not been shown or described in detail so as not to
obscure the disclosure. Like numbers in two or more figures
represent the same or similar elements. Furthermore, elements and
their associated features that are described in detail with
reference to one embodiment may, whenever practical, be included in
other embodiments in which they are not specifically shown or
described. For example, if an element is described in detail with
reference to one embodiment and is not described with reference to
a second embodiment, the element may nevertheless be claimed as
included in the second embodiment. For instance, the manifold of
the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 may be used with any of the
surgical instruments described herein and the various exemplary
embodiments of surgical devices of FIGS. 4-17 and 27-31 may be used
with any combination of the exemplary embodiments of cleaning
devices of FIGS. 18-26.
[0041] For the purposes of this specification and appended claims,
unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities,
percentages, or proportions, and other numerical values used in the
specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in
all instances by the term "about," to the extent they are not
already so modified. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary,
the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification
and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon
the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least,
and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of
equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter
should at least be construed in light of the number of reported
significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding
techniques.
[0042] It is noted that, as used in this specification and the
appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the," and any
singular use of any word, include plural referents unless expressly
and unequivocally limited to one referent. As used herein, the term
"include" and its grammatical variants are intended to be
nonlimiting, such that recitation of items in a list is not to the
exclusion of other like items that can be substituted or added to
the listed items.
[0043] Further, this description's terminology is not intended to
limit the invention. For example, spatially relative terms--such as
"beneath", "below", "lower", "above", "upper", "proximal",
"distal", and the like--may be used to describe one element's or
feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated
in the figures. These spatially relative terms are intended to
encompass different positions (i.e., locations) and orientations
(i.e., rotational placements) of a device in use or operation in
addition to the position and orientation shown in the figures. For
example, if a device in the figures is turned over, elements
described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would
then be "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the
exemplary term "below" can encompass both positions and
orientations of above and below. A device may be otherwise oriented
(rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially
relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
[0044] In accordance with various exemplary embodiments, the
present disclosure contemplates surgical instruments for robotic
surgical systems that include features to facilitate cleaning of
the surgical instruments. Further, the present disclosure
contemplates devices, systems, and methods for cleaning surgical
instruments or one or more components of a surgical instrument. For
instance, the embodiments described herein may be used to remove
material, such as, for example, biomaterial, from a surgical
instrument or one or more components of a surgical instrument to
facilitate reuse of the surgical instrument, for example, to enable
the surgical instrument to perform multiple medical procedures on
the same or differing patients. The exemplary embodiments described
herein contemplate that at least a portion of a surgical instrument
(including surgical instruments with an end effector and camera
instruments) may have an open architecture that permits, for
example, cleaning fluid to pass through an external wall of the
instrument to access an interior of the instrument and remove
material picked up by the instrument during a surgical procedure,
such as biomaterial. In another instance, an open architecture may
facilitate visual inspection of an interior of an instrument by
permitting an observer to view the interior, such as through
apertures in an outer wall of the instrument. Various exemplary
embodiments further contemplate that a surgical instrument may
include a proximal manifold to facilitate flushing of a cleaning
fluid through an interior of the surgical instrument along its
shaft from the proximal end toward a distal end.
[0045] Various exemplary cleaning devices to be used during a
cleaning procedure of a surgical instrument are also contemplated.
For instance, a cleaning fluid distribution device may be used to
distribute cleaning fluid over a surgical instrument inserted into
the device, such as by directing fluid with velocity to surgical
instrument components to be cleaned. The instrument and cleaning
fluid distribution device may be moved relative to one another. The
cleaning fluid distribution device may advantageously permit
cleaning of a surgical device in a relatively simple and efficient
manner while reducing the potential for fluid being sprayed onto a
user and with less waste of fluid, such as by providing a high
fluid velocity to substantially remove material from an instrument.
In another exemplary embodiment, a cleaning fluid routing device
may be used to both route cleaning fluid around an exterior of a
surgical instrument and to route cleaning fluid into an interior of
the surgical instrument during a cleaning procedure. Further, the
exemplary embodiments of surgical instruments and cleaning devices
described herein may permit cleaning of surgical instruments with
ordinary water without the use of detergents, although detergents
and other cleaning solutions may be used to clean surgical
instruments.
[0046] Referring now to the schematic illustration of FIG. 1, a
portion of an exemplary embodiment of a manipulator arm 100 of a
patient side cart with two surgical instruments 101, 102 in an
installed position is shown. A teleoperated robotic surgical
system, including a patient side cart comprising manipulator arm
100, may be configured according to the exemplary embodiments
described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/070,184, filed
Nov. 1, 2013 (for "FLUX DISAMBIGUATION FOR TELEOPERATED SURGICAL
SYSTEMS"), which is incorporated by reference herein. The schematic
illustration of FIG. 1 depicts only two surgical instruments for
simplicity, but more than two surgical instruments may be received
in an installed position at a patient side cart as those having
ordinary skill in the art are familiar with. Each surgical
instrument 101, 102 includes an instrument shaft 110, 111 that at a
distal end has a moveable end effector (discussed below in regard
to FIG. 2) or a camera or other sensing device, and may or may not
include a wrist mechanism (discussed below in regard to FIG. 2) to
control the movement of the distal end.
[0047] In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the distal end
portions of the surgical instruments 101, 102 are received through
a single port structure 120 to be introduced into the patient.
Other configurations of patient side carts that can be used in
conjunction with the present disclosure can use several individual
manipulator arms. In addition, individual manipulator arms may
include a single instrument or a plurality of instrument. Further,
an instrument may be a surgical instrument with an end effector or
may be a camera instrument or other sensing instrument utilized
during a surgical procedure to provide information, (e.g.,
visualization, electrophysiological activity, pressure, fluid flow,
and/or other sensed data) of a remote surgical site.
[0048] Force transmission mechanisms 107, 108 are disposed at a
proximal end of each shaft 110, 111 and connect through a sterile
adaptor 105, 106 with actuation interface assemblies 103, 104.
Actuation interface assemblies 103, 104 contain a variety of
mechanisms (discussed further below with regard to the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 2) that are controlled by a controller (e.g., at
a control cart of a surgical system) to respond to input commands
at a surgeon side console of a surgical system to transmit forces
to the force transmission mechanisms 107, 108 to actuate
instruments 101, 102. The diameter or diameters of an instrument
shaft, wrist mechanism, and end effector are generally selected
according to the size of the cannula with which the instrument will
be used and depending on the surgical procedures being performed.
In various exemplary embodiments, a shaft and/or wrist mechanism
about 4 mm, 5 mm, or 8 mm in diameter, for example, to match the
sizes of some existing cannula systems. According to an exemplary
embodiment, one or more of surgical instruments 101, 102 may be in
communication with a flux source 130 via a flux transmission
conduit 132. For example, if a surgical instrument 101 is an
electrosurgical instrument, flux transmission conduit 132 is an
electrical energy transmission cable and flux source 130 is an
electrical energy generator.
[0049] In accordance with various exemplary embodiments, a surgical
instrument for a robotic surgical system may include features to
facilitate cleaning of the instrument. For instance, at least a
portion of a surgical instrument may have an open architecture. An
open architecture may permit, for example, cleaning fluid to pass
through an external wall of the instrument to access an interior of
the instrument and remove material picked up by the instrument
during a surgical procedure, such as biomaterial. In another
instance, an open architecture may facilitate visual inspection of
an interior of an instrument by permitting an observer to view the
interior, such as through apertures in an outer wall of the
instrument. Further, an instrument may include a manifold and a
port to flush fluid through an interior of the instrument.
[0050] Surgical Instruments with Flushing Manifolds
[0051] With reference to FIG. 2, a cross-sectional side view of
surgical instrument 142 is shown, according to an exemplary
embodiment. Surgical instrument 142 may include a proximal portion
144 and a shaft 146. Surgical instrument 142 may be a therapeutic
instrument and may include an end effector 148 for performing a
surgical procedure, which may be supported from a distal end of the
surgical instrument shaft 146, as shown in the exemplary embodiment
of FIG. 2. However, as above, surgical instrument 142 is not
limited to a therapeutic instrument having an end effector, but
also may also include endoscopic camera or other sensing
instruments, an example of which is shown and described further
below. Proximal portion 144 may include a force transmission
mechanism to actuate surgical instrument 142, as described above in
regard to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1. According to an
exemplary embodiment, a seal 149 may be provided within shaft 146,
such as to minimize or prevent material that instrument 142 is
exposed to during a surgical procedure from moving from distal end
141 of instrument 142 towards proximal portion 144. Seal 149 may be
made of, for example, silicone. Seal 149 may be located a distance
from distal end 141, such as proximal to a wrist or other bendable
portion (not shown in FIG. 2) of instrument 142. Further, if
instrument includes a joggle joint, not shown in FIG. 2 but
discussed further below, seal 149 may be located proximal to the
joggle joint.
[0052] According to an exemplary embodiment, seal 149 may seal
against actuation members that extend from proximal portion 144
through shaft 146 to distal end 141, such as to actuate end
effector 148. According to an exemplary embodiment, an actuation
member may have a composite structure that includes a rigid portion
extending through shaft 146 and through seal 149 and a flexible
portion that extends through joints or other bendable instrument
portions distal to seal 149, such as a wrist and/or joggle joint,
for example. The rigid portion of the actuation member may be a
rigid rod or tube and the flexible portion may be a cable passing
through a hollow interior of the rigid portion. The cable may be
connected to the rigid portion, such as via crimping. The rigid
portion may have a substantially smooth outer surface that seals
well with an aperture through seal 149. The rigid portion may be a
tube made of metal, such as, for example, stainless steel. In
another example, the rigid portion may be a tube comprising a
composite material, such as, for example, a composite polymer
material.
[0053] Seal 149 may also function as a pressure seal to minimize or
prevent flow of fluid through the interior of shaft 146 from distal
end 141 to proximal portion 144, such as when an interior of a
patient is insufflated during a surgical procedure, according to an
exemplary embodiment. According to an exemplary embodiment,
instrument 142 may include a sheath (not shown) over at least a
portion of shaft 146. A sheath may facilitate minimizing or
preventing a flow of fluid between an interior of shaft 146 and an
exterior of shaft 146, such as when at least a portion of shaft 146
includes an open architecture, which will be discussed below. A
positive pressure used during insufflation may be, for example,
about 0.25 psi. Permitting insufflation fluid to escape at
excessive levels from within a patient may cause drying of tissue
within the patient, but seal 149 may minimize or prevent drying
from occurring by minimizing to an acceptable level escaping
gases.
[0054] According to an exemplary embodiment, a cleaning procedure
for a surgical instrument may include irrigating a surgical
instrument with a fluid. As will be described below, irrigating a
surgical instrument may include supplying fluid to an exterior
and/or interior of the surgical instrument in various manners,
including but not limited to, for example, spraying, flushing,
and/or soaking. An interior of the surgical instrument may be
irrigated, for example, by introducing fluid into the surgical
instrument from an end of the instrument and/or via fluid entering
an interior of the shaft through an open architecture of the shaft.
According to an exemplary embodiment, cleaning fluid 143 may be
introduced into proximal portion 144 of surgical instrument 142, as
shown in FIG. 2, which. At least a portion 145 of cleaning fluid
143 may be permitted to flow through and out of proximal portion
144 to irrigate proximal portion 144. Cleaning fluid 143 may
continue to flow into an interior of the shaft 146 to flush the
interior of shaft 146. According to an exemplary embodiment,
surgical instrument 142 may include an open architecture (not shown
but described further below in various exemplary embodiments) to
facilitate cleaning of instrument 142. The open architecture may,
for example, permit cleaning fluid 143 within shaft 146 to exit
shaft 146, as shown by fluid portions 147, to facilitate flushing
of shaft 146. When seal 149 is present within shaft 146, fluid 143
may be prevented from flowing in a proximal-to-distal direction
past seal 149 and be forced to exit shaft 146 as fluid portions
147. However, seal 149 may be absent or seal 149 may be configured
during a cleaning procedure to permit at least a portion of fluid
143 to flow past seal 149 in the proximal-to-distal direction
towards distal end 141 and exit shaft 146 as fluid portions
147.
[0055] Turning to FIG. 3, a cross-sectional view of a proximal
portion 182 of a surgical instrument is shown. The instrument
includes a shaft 181 and a transmission housing 183 connected to a
proximal end of shaft 181. According to an exemplary embodiment, an
end effector actuator 184 (a partial view of which is shown) may be
provided to actuate an end effector (not shown) of instrument. End
effector actuator 184 may be, for example, one or more of a
push/pull rod member, pull-pull tension members, or other
mechanisms recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art to
actuate an end effector of a surgical instrument. Proximal portion
182 may further include an actuator 186 to rotate shaft 181, such
as, for example, a capstan or other device recognized by one of
ordinary skill in the art to rotate an instrument shaft.
[0056] As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, the
transmission housing 183 may include a manifold 190 to receive
fluid and direct the fluid into at least one of an interior of
housing 183 and an interior 185 of shaft 181. Because manifold 190
may be located in transmission housing 183 in a proximal portion of
an instrument, manifold 190 may be located in a portion of
instrument that does not contact a patient during a surgical
procedure. Thus, although manifold 190 and its associated
components may not become soiled during a surgical procedure,
manifold 190 and its associated components may assist with cleaning
an instrument. A portion of manifold 190, such as a proximal
portion 194 of manifold 190, may be removable to permit access to
an interior of manifold 190 and shaft 181. According to an
exemplary embodiment, portion 194 may be sealed to a remainder of
manifold 190. Actuator 184 may extend through portion 194 via a
sealed aperture or connection 187, such as, for example, a sealed
bushing.
[0057] As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, manifold 190
may include a port 192 to receive fluid. Port 192 may be, for
example, an aperture, fitting, or connection configured to connect
a supply of fluid to manifold 190. For instance, port 192 may be
configured to connect with a tube or hose supplying fluid for a
cleaning procedure, for example, from a faucet (which may be
connected to a pressure regulator) or other source; alternatively,
the port 192 can be configured to connect directly to a faucet.
Although cleaning procedures according to the exemplary embodiments
discussed herein may be conducted by hand, such as by a technician
conducting a cleaning procedure, the exemplary embodiments are not
limited to manual reprocessing or cleaning procedures. According to
an exemplary embodiment, the exemplary embodiments described herein
may be used with an automated reprocessing apparatus or method,
such as in the exemplary embodiments of International Application
No. PCT/US14/49454, filed on Aug. 1, 2014 (for "DEVICES, SYSTEMS,
AND METHODS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT REPROCESSING), which is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0058] According to an exemplary embodiment, port 192 may include a
locking feature that locks a connection, such as a tube or hose, to
port 192 so that the connection may only be disconnected by
actuating a release mechanism of the port 192, such as a button or
lever. The locking feature may permit the connection to remain in
place, even when high cleaning fluid pressures are used, which may
cause other non-locking fittings to loosen and even disconnect.
[0059] Turning to FIG. 27, a proximal portion 1300 of a surgical
instrument is shown, similar to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3.
For instance, proximal portion 1300 may include a transmission
housing 1302, similar to housing 183 of the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 3, connected to a proximal end of an instrument shaft 1310.
Proximal portion 1300 further includes a locking mechanism 1320 to
lock a connection to a port 1330 of proximal portion 1300. Locking
mechanism 1320 may permit the connection to remain in place and
connected to port 1330, even when fluid at high pressure is used.
According to an exemplary embodiment, locking mechanism 1320
includes a plate 1326 located at port 1330. Plate 1326 may be
biased to a locking position so that an edge 1327 forming an
aperture through plate 1326 is offset from port 1330. For instance,
plate 1326 may be biased in direction 1332, such as by a spring or
other biasing member. A pin 1322 may be provided with a slot 1323
of plate 1326 to limit the distance plate 1326 is biased along
direction 1332, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0060] When a connection is made with port 1330, the connection may
be inserted into the aperture formed by edge 1327 of plate 1326.
Because the aperture formed by edge 1327 is offset from port 1330
when plate 1326 is biased into the locking position, forcing the
connection into the aperture may overcome the biasing force. For
instance, inserting the connection may force plate to move along
direction 1334, causing aperture formed by edge 1327 to
substantially align with port 1330 so that the connection may be
fully inserted into port 1330. Once the connection is fully
inserted into port 1330, plate 1326 may once again be biased to the
locking position, such as in direction 1332. According to an
exemplary embodiment, when plate 1326 is biased to the locking
position when a connection has been inserted into port 1330, edge
1327 of plate 1326 may be inserted into a corresponding groove or
depression (not shown) of connection to substantially lock
connection to port 1330. As a result, the attachment between
connection and port 1330 may resist the force of high pressure
fluid and remain in place during a cleaning procedure. Further, the
connection may be simply released when a cleaning procedure is
complete by pressing plate 1326 to overcome the biasing force. For
instance, a release portion 1324 of plate 1326 may be pressed to
move plate 1326 in direction 1334, which may disengage edge 1327
from the corresponding groove or depression of the connection,
causing the connection to be released from port 1330. As shown in
the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, fluid 196 may flow in the
direction indicated by arrows by first entering port 192 and into
manifold 190. According to an exemplary embodiment, at least a
portion of fluid 196 may be used to irrigate housing 183. The
portion of fluid 196 used to irrigate housing 183 may be, for
example, up to about one third of the fluid 196 that enters port
192. A portion of fluid 196 may be permitted to exit manifold 190,
such as through one or more gaps between actuator 186 and manifold
190, to irrigate an interior of housing 183. Fluid 196 may
subsequently exit housing 183, such as by exiting unsealed gaps
between members forming housing 183, such as between clamshell
members forming housing 183.
[0061] According to an exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of
fluid 196 may flow into an interior 185 of shaft 181, as shown in
FIG. 3. According to an exemplary embodiment, manifold 190 may be
configured to change the direction of fluid flow to direct fluid
196 into shaft interior 185. For instance, manifold 190 may be
configured to change the direction of fluid flow substantially 180
degrees between the entry of fluid into port 192 and the entry of
fluid into interior 185 of shaft 181, although other flow paths and
changes of direction may be implemented in manifold 190.
[0062] According to an exemplary embodiment, manifold 190 may be
configured to receive various fluids. For instance, manifold 190,
including port 192, may be configured to receive a liquid to flush
through a surgical instrument during a cleaning procedure. A liquid
may include, for example, water (e.g., tap water) or a water
solution, such as a mixture of water and a detergent. In another
instance, manifold 190, including port 192, may be configured to
receive a gas. A gas, such as, for example, air, may be flushed
through an interior of a surgical instrument to check components of
the surgical instrument for leaks, such as punctures in a sheath of
a surgical instrument.
[0063] Surgical Instruments with Open Architectures
[0064] According to various exemplary embodiments, non-jointed
shaft portions of an instrument may have an open architecture. A
portion of an instrument shaft having a tubular wall extending
along a longitudinal axis of the instrument may have an open
architecture by including a plurality of holes through and along
the exterior of the tubular wall, according to an exemplary
embodiment. According to an exemplary embodiment, an open
architecture may include shaft portions having a plurality of holes
arranged in a pattern that repeats in both an axial direction and a
radial direction along at least a portion of the length of the
shaft of a surgical instrument. According to another exemplary
embodiment, an open architecture may be a non-jointed shaft portion
having a total area of holes that is greater than a total area of
solid areas of the shaft portion that lacks holes. Although
portions of a surgical instrument shaft having an open architecture
may be non-jointed, such portions may extend on each side of a
joint in a proximal-distal direction of the shaft. Thus, although
joints may be depicted in accompanying drawings as being located in
portions having an open architecture, joints may lack an open
architecture according to the exemplary embodiments described
above. However, an open architecture is not limited to non-jointed
shaft portions and joints themselves may include an open
architecture, such as by providing apertures that provide fluid
communication between an exterior of an instrument and an interior
of an instrument.
[0065] Turning to FIG. 4, an exemplary embodiment of a shaft 200 of
a surgical instrument is shown. Shaft 200 may include a plurality
of holes 212 through a wall 210 of shaft 200 (see enlarged view in
FIG. 5), with holes 212 providing flow communication between an
interior of instrument and a surrounding environment exterior to
the wall 210. As shown in FIG. 5, for example, the plurality of
holes 212 in a portion of the shaft having an open architecture may
be arranged so that at least one transverse cross-sectional plane
211 and at least one longitudinal cross-section plane 213 each
intersect multiple holes 212. Holes 212 are not limited to the
configuration shown in FIG. 5 and may instead, for example, be
arranged in random orientation so that adjacent holes 212 are not
aligned in longitudinal and/or transverse planes, such as planes
211 and/or 213 of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5. Shaft wall
210 can provide an exterior surface of shaft 200 when shaft 200
does not include a sheath overlaying the shaft; otherwise a sheath
may cover at least a portion of the wall 210, such as portion that
includes holes 212. For example, during a surgical procedure, a
sheath (not shown) may be disposed to cover a distal end portion of
the shaft from a location proximal to joint 217 to a distal end
portion of the instrument, including a wrist 214, if any, such that
the end effector extends past the sheath. Those having ordinary
skill in the art are familiar with such sheaths for surgical
instruments. Shaft 200 may include one or more features to engage
with and/or seal with a sheath, such as a protrusion 215 shown in
the enlarged view of FIG. 5. Such features may also hold the sheath
in place to prevent the sheath from moving axially along the shaft.
Exemplary embodiments of sheaths that may be used in conjunction
with surgical instrument embodiments of the present disclosure can
be found in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/832,580, filed on Jul. 8,
2010 (for "SHEATHS FOR JOINTED INSTRUMENTS") and published as U.S.
Pub. No. US 2012/0010628 on Jan. 1, 2012, and in U.S. application
Ser. No. 13/739,583, filed Jan. 11, 2013 (for "SHEATH FOR SURGICAL
INSTRUMENT") and published as U.S. Pub. No. US 2013/0123805 on May
16, 2013, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in
their entireties.
[0066] According to an exemplary embodiment, a seal 202 may be
provided within shaft 200, such as to minimize or prevent material
that an instrument including shaft 200 is exposed to during a
surgical procedure from moving from distal end 220 of shaft 200
towards a proximal end of shaft 200. Seal 202 may be provided at
other locations, such as proximate to protrusion 215, according to
an exemplary embodiment. Seal 202 may be configured according to
seal 149 of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2. For instance, seal
202 may be made of, for example, silicone. Seal 202 may be located
a distance from distal end 200, such as proximal to wrist 214 or
other bendable portion of shaft 200. Further, if instrument
includes a joggle joint 217 (discussed further below), seal 202 may
be located proximal to joggle joint 217, as shown in FIG. 4.
[0067] As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, holes 212
may be located in a relatively distal portion 216 of shaft 200. The
portion 216 with the holes 212 may thus provide an open
architecture that can extend to and include a distal end 220 of
shaft 200, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, for
example, at which an end effector (not shown) may be supported. The
location of an open architecture, such as an open architecture
formed by holes 212, in shaft 200 may be selected to facilitate
cleaning of the instrument and/or to facilitate visual inspection
of interior portions of the instrument shaft. Visual inspection,
for example, may be helpful in determining areas of the instrument
to focus cleaning during a cleaning procedure and/or determining
the cleanliness of the instrument after a cleaning procedure.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the location of an open
architecture may be provided at least at a distal portion 216 of
shaft 200 because it is the distal end 220 that is inserted into a
patient during a surgical procedure. As a result, the distal end
220 and/or portions of shaft 200 proximate to distal end 220 are
more likely to be exposed to materials, such as biomaterials, that
may be removed during a cleaning procedure. According to an
exemplary embodiment, the portion 216 of shaft having an open
architecture may correspond to a length of shaft 200 from distal
end 220 that is inserted into a patient during a surgical
procedure. However, other lengths, such as a greater length than
the insertion distance or a length less than the insertion
distance, may be utilized, such as when a sheath is used,
insufflation is not performed, or maintaining insufflation pressure
is not a concern. Although distal portion 216 having an open
architecture may extend proximal to seal 202, as shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, distal portion 216 having an open
architecture may be located distal to seal 202 (i.e., distal
portion 216 having an open architecture may terminate at a location
distal to seal 202, which may be proximate to seal 202, or may
terminate at seal 202) so that distal portion 216 having an open
architecture does not extend distally past seal 202, according to
an exemplary embodiment.
[0068] According to an exemplary embodiment, the location of an
open architecture along the instrument shaft may be located
adjacent to joints because moving parts of joints may provide
locations where materials to be removed during a cleaning procedure
are likely to be located or material may infiltrate into regions of
the instrument shaft adjacent to the joints. Joints may include
various types of joints with different configurations. For
instance, portion 216 of shaft 200 having an open architecture may,
for example, include a wrist 214 configured to provide one or more
degrees of freedom of movement, such as pitch and/or yaw. Portion
216 may also include a joint 217 proximal to wrist 214 to permit
bending of the instrument shaft in various degrees of freedom
(e.g., pitch and yaw). Joint 217 may be referred to as a "joggle
joint." Joggle joints of the exemplary embodiments described herein
may be configured according to the exemplary embodiments of U.S.
Pat. No. 7,942,868, published May 17, 2011; U.S. application Ser.
No. 11/762,165, filed Jun. 13, 2007 (published as U.S. Pub. No. US
2008/0065105 on Mar. 13, 2008); and U.S. application Ser. No.
12/645,391, filed Dec. 22, 2009 (published as U.S. Pub. No.
2011/0152879 on Jun. 23, 2011).
[0069] According to an exemplary embodiment, portion 216 having an
open architecture may extend approximately one quarter of the
length of shaft 200 from distal end 220. However, other
configurations for an open architecture may be used for different
instruments that may pose different cleaning challenges. For
instance, portion 216 having an open architecture may extend
approximately one third of the length of shaft 200 from distal end
220. According to another exemplary embodiment, portion 216 having
an open architecture may extend approximately one half of the
length of shaft 200 from distal end 220. According to another
exemplary embodiment, portion 216 having an open architecture may
extend approximately two-thirds of the length of shaft 200 from
distal end 220. According to another exemplary embodiment, portion
216 having an open architecture may extend approximately
three-quarters of the length of shaft 200 from distal end 220.
According to another exemplary embodiment, portion 216 having an
open architecture may extend along the full length of shaft
200.
[0070] According to an exemplary embodiment, shaft 200 may include
a portion 218 that does not include an open architecture, as shown
in FIG. 4. A portion 218 may be selected to not have an open
architecture because, for example, portion 218 is less likely to
experience being soiled with material to be removed during a
cleaning process and/or because portion 218 includes features that
tend to not collect debris, such as components having smooth
surfaces. Thus, an open architecture, such as holes 212 to enhance
cleaning and/or facilitate visual inspection, might not be as
beneficial for one portion of shaft 200 as another portion that is
more likely to experience being soiled with material to be removed
during a cleaning procedure. For instance, portion 218 may be
proximal to a portion 216 having an open architecture that extends
from the distal end 220 of shaft 200.
[0071] According to an exemplary embodiment, an open architecture
may affect the stiffness of shaft 200. For instance, although holes
212 may enhance cleaning by permitting fluid to penetrate into an
interior of shaft and may facilitate visual inspection, holes 212
may reduce the stiffness of shaft 200. As a result, an open
architecture may be selected for shaft portions likely to
experience material to be removed via cleaning, such as portion 216
extending from the distal end 220 of shaft 200, but not selected
for a portion 218 proximal to portion 216. For instance, a portion
218 lacking an open architecture may have a total area of solid
surface lacking holes that is greater than a total area of the
holes in portion 218. In another instance, portion 218 may lack a
plurality of holes arranged in a pattern along both an axial
direction and a radial direction of the shaft of a surgical
instrument. A portion 218 may lack an open architecture, for
example, to preserve a desired stiffness of shaft 200 and provide
support for shaft portions distal to portion 218.
[0072] Although a shaft of a surgical instrument may include a
portion 218 lacking an open architecture relatively close to a
distal end portion 216, such as in the exemplary embodiment of FIG.
4, a shaft may include an open architecture extending along
portions of the shaft from the distal end to a location anywhere
along the shaft up to the proximal end, for example, where a
transmission mechanism is located. Turning to FIG. 6, an exemplary
embodiment of a shaft 300 of a surgical instrument is shown that
includes a portion 314 having an open architecture extending
towards or to a distal end 320 of shaft 300. Shaft 300 may include
a seal 302 configured according to seal 202 of the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 4. For instance, seal 302 may be located
proximal to a wrist 318 or proximal to a joggle joint 319, although
other locations may be used, such as proximate to protrusion 316 in
FIG. 7.
[0073] As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 7, an exterior wall
310 of shaft 300 may include a plurality of holes 312. As shown in
FIG. 7, the plurality of holes 312 may be arranged so that at least
one transverse cross-sectional plane 313 and at least one
longitudinal cross-section plane 315 each intersect multiple holes
312. Shaft 300 may also include one or more structures to engage
with and/or seal with a sheath, such as a protrusion 316 shown in
FIG. 7. Portion 314 having an open architecture may be adjacent to
one or more joint structures, such as for example, a wrist 318 and
another joggle joint 319 like joint 217 in the exemplary embodiment
of FIG. 4. According to an exemplary embodiment, portion 314 having
an open architecture may extend along a greater part of the length
of the shaft from the distal end 320 toward the proximal end than
portion 216 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4. According to an
exemplary embodiment, portion 314 having an open architecture may
extend a length of shaft 300 from distal end 320 by the same
amounts discussed above for the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4.
[0074] According to an exemplary embodiment, shaft 300 may have
differing diameters along its length. For example, the shaft 300
may include a transition 330 proximal to where the shaft 300 has a
first outer diameter and distal to which the shaft has a second
outer diameter that differs from the first diameter. For instance,
portion 332 of shaft 300 may have a smaller diameter than portion
314. In one exemplary embodiment, portion 332 may have an outer
diameter of, for example, about 5 mm, and portion 314 may have an
outer diameter of, for example, about 6 mm. According to an
exemplary embodiment, the portion of shaft 300 having a larger
diameter may extend from transition 330 to distal end 320. Further,
a portion of shaft 300 including an open architecture may extend
from transition 330 to distal end 320. In other words, the portion
of shaft 300 extending from transition 330 to distal end 320 may
include holes 312, according to an exemplary embodiment. The
exemplary embodiments described herein, however, are not limited to
configurations in which the shaft diameter increases in
proximal-to-distal direction and instead may have substantially
constant cross-sections or cross-sections that increase in the
proximal-to-distal direction.
[0075] As shown in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-7, holes
may have a substantially uniform size along and around the shaft of
an instrument. Holes may have a diameter of, for example, about
0.050 inches to about 0.100 inches. In another example, holes may
have a diameter of, for example, about 0.060 inches to about 0.080
inches, for example about 0.070 in. However, the embodiments
described herein are not limited to holes having a substantially
uniform size. Turning to FIG. 8, an exemplary embodiment of a shaft
400 of a surgical instrument is shown that includes holes having
differing sizes. As shown in FIG. 8, a first portion 422 at distal
end 420 of shaft 400 includes holes 412 having a first size and a
second portion 424 proximal to first portion 422 includes holes 410
having a second size that is smaller than holes 412. Holes 412 in
first portion 422 may have a larger size, for example, to enhance
cleaning and/or facilitate visual inspection because first portion
422 is located at the distal end 420, which is inserted into a
patient during a surgical procedure and is more likely to encounter
material to be cleaned than, for example, portion 424.
[0076] Holes in a shaft of a surgical instrument may have a
substantially constant density along the shaft, as shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4. According to an exemplary
embodiment, when holes are arranged in rows, as shown in FIG. 5, a
spacing of, for example, about 0.10 inches to about 0.30 inches
between the centers of holes in adjacent rows may be used. However,
the embodiments described herein are not limited to holes having a
substantially constant density along the shaft. Turning to FIG. 9,
an exemplary embodiment of a shaft 500 of a surgical instrument is
shown that includes holes 510 having a density that increases along
the shaft toward a distal end 520 of shaft 500. According to an
exemplary embodiment, hole density may be increased proximate to
distal end 520 of shaft 500 because of an increased likelihood of
material soiling the distal end 520 and portions proximate the
distal end 520. The density of holes 510 may increase along and/or
around the length of shaft 500, as shown in FIG. 9. For instance,
the density of holes 510 may vary at a substantially linear rate
over a length of shaft 500 or the density may vary at a non-linear
rate over the length of shaft 500. In another instance, the density
of holes may vary from one region of a shaft to another. As shown
in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10, a shaft 600 may include a
first region 624 having a first hole density and a second region
622 having a second hole density proximate to a distal end 620 of
shaft 600, with the second density being greater than the first
density or vice versa. Further, although two hole density regions
622, 624 are shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10, a shaft
may include more density regions, such as three, four, five, or
more density regions. In addition, the hole density of regions may
increase from one region to the next, as depicted in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 10, or the density may vary differently, such as
by increasing from one region to another and then decreasing, along
the proximal-distal direction shown in the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 10.
[0077] Other features of an open architecture for a shaft of a
surgical instrument may be varied. For instance, the hole patterns
may be varied from what is shown in the exemplary embodiments of
FIGS. 4-10. In another instance, although the shape of holes may be
substantially circular, as shown in the exemplary embodiments of
FIGS. 4-10, holes may have a different shape, such as an oval,
polygons, polygons with rounded corners, or various other shapes as
would be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In
another instance, holes may be slots having the shapes described
above or other shapes, such as a rectangular or square shape. In
another instance, holes may be in the shape of a company logo or in
the shape of letters or numbers, which may be used to spell a
company name or instrument name or used to list a part number.
Holes may be formed in a shaft of a surgical instrument via cutting
the shaft with a laser, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0078] The holes of a shaft portion having an open architecture may
be arranged in a pattern, as shown in the exemplary embodiments of
FIGS. 4-10. Such a pattern may include holes arranged in rows, with
the holes of adjacent rows offset from one another in a direction
that is substantially perpendicular to the proximal-distal
direction, as shown in FIGS. 4-10. Such a pattern of offset rows
may, for example, facilitate inspection and stiffness of a shaft.
However, the holes in a shaft portion having an open architecture
are not limited to this pattern and other patterns may be used.
[0079] The hole patterns depicted in various exemplary embodiments
also provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the
instrument, which itself provides a desirable visually distinct
aspect of the instrument. Various hole patterns as noted above,
therefore, may be chosen solely for aesthetics and to provide a
unique and distinctive visual characteristic to the
instruments.
[0080] As noted above, various surgical instrument embodiments
described herein may be used with a sheath. A sheath may be used,
for example, to cover holes in at least a portion of the shaft of a
surgical instrument, such as to assist with minimizing the
introduction of material to the portion of the instrument protected
by the sheath. A sheath may be configured according to the
embodiments described in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/832,580,
filed on Jul. 8, 2010 (for "SHEATHS FOR JOINTED INSTRUMENTS") and
published as U.S. Pub. No. US 2012/0010628 on Jan. 1, 2012, and
according to the embodiments described in U.S. application Ser. No.
13/739,583, filed on Jan. 11, 2013 (for "SHEATH FOR SURGICAL
INSTRUMENT") and published as U.S. Pub. No. US 2013/0123805 on May
16, 2013, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in
their entireties.
[0081] Although an open architecture for an instrument may include
a single layer of open architecture, such as by providing holes
through the wall of a shaft of an instrument (such as in the
exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-7), the open architecture for an
instrument may include more than one layer of open architecture.
For instance, an instrument may include multiple layers of open
architecture. Turning to FIG. 28, an exemplary embodiment of a
distal portion 1400 of an instrument is shown. Distal portion 1400
may include a distal portion of an instrument shaft 1410, a seal
1428, a joggle joint 1422, a wrist 1424, and a distal end 1426, as
discussed above with regard to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4
and 6. Shaft portion 1410 may include a portion 1412 that does not
include an open architecture and a portion 1414 including an open
architecture, as discussed above with regard to the exemplary
embodiments of FIGS. 4-7. The open architecture may be configured
according to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-10.
[0082] The instrument may further include a shroud 1430 extending
through an interior of shaft portion 1410. In the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 28 shroud 1430 extends beyond distal end 1426 of
shaft portion 1410 to reveal details of shroud 1430. However,
shroud 1430 is not limited to extending beyond distal end 1426 of
shaft portion 1410 but instead a distal end of shroud 1430 may be
located within the instrument during use of the instrument. For
instance, a distal end of shroud 1430 may be located at a distal
end of wrist 1424 or located within distal end 1426. According to
an exemplary embodiment, one or more actuation member(s) 1440 may
extend through shroud 1430. Although a single actuation member 1440
is shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 28, more than one
actuation member may extend through shroud 1430. An actuation
member 1440 may be, for example, a push/pull actuation member or a
pull/pull actuation member to actuate an end effector (not shown)
or other component of instrument (push/pull and pull/pull actuation
members are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,545,515, issued on Oct. 1,
2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).
For instance, FIG. 29 shows a perspective view of a distal portion
of shroud 1430 of FIG. 28, which includes a single lumen 1434 that
opens at a distal end 1436 of shroud 1430. Thus, shroud 1430 may be
a hollow tube, according to an exemplary embodiment. A single
actuation element 1440 (not shown in FIG. 29) may extend through
lumen 1434. However, a shroud is not limited to the exemplary
embodiment of FIGS. 28 and 29 and may instead have a plurality of
actuation members extending through shroud. For instance, the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 30 shows a cross sectional view of a
shroud 1450 that includes a first lumen 1452 and a second lumen
1456 that actuation members may extend through. However, other
numbers of lumens may be provided in a shroud, such as three
lumens, four lumens, five lumens, six lumens or more. Further,
other components than actuation members may extend through a lumen
of a shroud, such as, for example, a flux conduit, stiffening
member, or other instrument components.
[0083] A shroud may be provided, according to an exemplary
embodiment, as an anti-buckling component by supporting at least a
portion of a length of one or more component(s) extending through
the shroud, such as actuation member(s), thus increasing the
buckling strength of the component(s). However, because
component(s) may move relative to a shroud, such as actuation
members(s) when they are actuated, it may be possible for material
to be introduced between a shroud and a component, such as into a
lumen of a shroud through which the component extends. In view of
this, it may be desirable to provide at least a portion of a shroud
with an open architecture to facilitate cleaning of a shroud,
according to an exemplary embodiment. For instance, shroud 1430 may
include an open architecture by providing a plurality of holes 1432
in shroud 1430, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 29.
Holes 1432 may fluidically communicate an environment exterior to
shroud 1430 with the internal lumen 1434 of shroud 1430. According
to an exemplary embodiment, shroud 1430 may include a portion 1431
that does not include an open architecture and portions 1433 and
1435 that include an open architecture, similar to shaft the open
architecture discussed in regard to the exemplary embodiments of
FIGS. 4-10. For instance, portions 1433 having an open architecture
may have a higher density of holes 1432 than open architecture
portion 1435, similar to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 9 and
10. Other features of an open architecture of a shroud may be
varied, such as, for example, a size of holes, a pattern of holes,
and other features discussed above with regard to an open
architecture of a shaft, such as in the exemplary embodiments of
FIGS. 4-10.
[0084] According to an exemplary embodiment, when a shroud includes
a plurality of lumens, the holes of an open architecture may
communicate with different lumens. For instance, as shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 30, one or more holes 1454 may
fluidically communicate with first lumen 1452 while one or more
holes 1458 may fluidically communicate with second lumen 1456.
According to an exemplary embodiment, when a shroud includes a
plurality of lumens, at least one of the lumens may fluidically
communicate with one or more holes and at least one of the lumens
may not fluidically communicate with a hole. For instance, if a
component does not substantially move relative to the shroud (which
may create a wicking action that causes material to infiltrate a
lumen of the shroud through which the component extends) or
material does not otherwise infiltrate a lumen of the shroud
through which the component extends, it may not be provide holes
that fluidically communicate with the lumen for that particular
component.
[0085] Because at least a portion of a shroud 1430 may have an open
architecture and extend through an interior of a shaft 1410, which
itself may have at least a portion having an open architecture, an
instrument may have layers of open architecture. However, layers of
open architecture may be provided by other components, such as
other components that extend through a shaft, including shrouds for
flux conduits, stiffening members, and other instrument
components.
[0086] As described above in regard to the exemplary embodiment of
FIGS. 4 and 6, a shaft of a surgical instrument may have more than
one outer diameter and may include a transition between the
different outer diameters. FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment
of a shaft 700 of a surgical instrument that includes a first
portion 710 having a first outer diameter and a second portion 720
having a second outer diameter. As shown in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 11, the first outer diameter may be less than
the second outer diameter. A transition may be provided where first
portion 710 and second portion 720 meet, which may include a
cylindrical member 730. Due to the change in outer diameter between
first portion 710 and second portion 720, fluid being flushed
through an interior of shaft 700, such as during a cleaning
procedure, may experience a change in the inner diameter, which may
in turn result in a diminished fluid velocity within the second
portion 720 of shaft 700. To address this, features may be provided
in shaft 700. For instance, one or more holes 722 may be provided
in an exterior wall 732 of shaft 700 at second portion 720 to
permit fluid to enter an interior of shaft 700 and mix with fluid
being flushed through the interior of shaft 700 and increase the
amount of fluid flowing through shaft 700. According to an
exemplary embodiment, shaft 700 may include one or more structures
to direct the flow of fluid entering holes 722. As shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 11, cylindrical member 730 may include
one or more slots 734 fluidically coupled to holes 722 to direct
the flow of fluid entering holes 722, such as in a radial direction
736, along shaft 700, such as along an axial direction 735. For
instance, cylindrical member 730 may include a slot 734 for each
hole 722 in exterior wall 732. According to an exemplary
embodiment, a slot 734 may be fluidically connected to a hole 722,
have a closed proximal end, and have an open distal end to direct
fluid entering the hole 722 along shaft 700, such as in a distal
direction. While not wishing to be bound to any particular theory,
Applicants submit that the action of directly flowing fluid along
the shaft toward a distal end of shaft may assist to draw fluid
located proximal to holes 722, causing the fluid to flow along the
shaft 700 in the proximal-to-distal direction.
[0087] A shaft of a surgical instrument may include one or more
structures to influence the flow of fluid in locations other than a
transition between different shaft diameters. As shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 12, a shaft 800 may include one or
more apertures 810 in an external wall 812 of shaft 800. Apertures
810 may permit fluid external to shaft 800 to pass through external
wall 812 and into an interior of shaft 800. As a result, apertures
810 may increase fluid flow and/or turbulence within an interior of
shaft 800 by introducing additional fluid into the interior of
shaft 800, thus facilitating cleaning of an instrument. According
to an exemplary embodiment, apertures 810 are located outside of
shaft portions having an open architecture. For instance, apertures
810 may be located proximal to the shaft portions having an open
architecture. According to an exemplary embodiment, apertures 810
may have a diameter of, for example, about 0.030 inches to about
0.040 inches, for example about 0.035 inches.
[0088] As discussed above, fluid may be forced through an interior
of a shaft of an instrument during a cleaning procedure. In various
exemplary embodiments herein, fluid may be introduced to flow
directly into an interior along a substantially axial path of the
shaft and/or may be introduced into the interior of the shaft from
outside the exterior surface of the shaft, such as in a direction
substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of shaft. A
surgical instrument may in various exemplary embodiments include
one or more structures to facilitate flushing of fluid through an
interior of the shaft.
[0089] The discussion of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3-12
regard surgical instruments for a robotic surgical system, which
may include, for example, a variety of therapeutic instruments,
such as, forceps or graspers, needle drivers, scalpels, scissors,
cauterizing tools, staplers, and other surgical instruments
recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. However, as
discussed above, the features of the exemplary embodiments
described herein also can be applied to an endoscopic camera or
other sensor instrument used with a robotic surgical system.
[0090] Turning to FIG. 13, an exemplary embodiment of an instrument
1000 is shown that includes a shaft 1010, a distal end 1020, and a
proximal housing 1016. Instrument 1000 may be, for example, a
surgical instrument with an end effector, an endoscopic camera
instrument, or other type of surgical instrument. Therefore, the
features of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 13-17 are not
limited to camera instruments and may be utilized in a surgical
instrument having an end effector, such as the instrument of the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2.
[0091] As shown in FIG. 14, which is an enlarged view of the distal
portion of instrument 1000, instrument 1000 may be a camera
instrument having a distal end 1020 including an aperture 1022 for
an optical device (not shown) to view a work site and the operation
of surgical instruments within a patient. According to an exemplary
embodiment, camera instrument 1000 may be an endoscopic camera
configured according to the embodiments described in U.S.
application Ser. No. 14/080,384, filed on Nov. 14, 2013 (for "LOW
CAPACITANCE ENDOSCOPIC SYSTEM") and published as U.S. Pub. No. US
2014/0155758 A1 on Jun. 5, 2014, and U.S. application Ser. No.
14/080,403, filed on Nov. 14, 2013 (for "ENDOSCOPIC SYSTEM WITH
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SHIELDING") and published as U.S. Pub.
No. US 2014/0135579 A1 on May 15, 2014, each of which are hereby
incorporated by reference in their entireties. Housing 1016 may
include a port 1018 that is in flow communication with a manifold
(not shown) so as to receive a fluid to be flushed through an
interior of shaft 1010, as described in the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 3.
[0092] Instrument 1000 may further be fitted with a sheath (not
shown) to cover at least portion of the shaft of the instrument
1000. For example, a sheath may be connected to a portion 1023 at
distal end 1020, such as via shrink fitting, and extend along shaft
1010 in a distal-to-proximal direction. A sheath for an instrument
1000 may comprise, for example, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
(ePTFE). Shaft 1010 may include one or more protrusions, as
described in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 6, to contact
and/or seal against an interior surface of a sheath. For instance,
portion 1023 may include at least one protrusion, which may abut
against a sheath to minimize or eliminate sliding of the sheath off
of distal end 1020 of instrument 1000. According to an exemplary
embodiment, the protrusion may be a single circumferential
protrusion or may be a plurality of discrete protrusions, such as a
pair of protrusions on opposite sides of distal end 1020. However,
instrument 1000 need not include a protrusion to seal with a
sheath, such as when the sheath is connected at portion 1023. A
sheath for an instrument 1000 may be configured according to the
exemplary embodiments described in U.S. application Ser. No.
12/832,580, filed on Jul. 8, 2010 and published as U.S. Pub. No. US
2012/0010628 on Jan. 1, 2012, and in U.S. application Ser. No.
13/739,583, filed Jan. 11, 2013 and published as U.S. Pub. No. US
2013/0123805 on May 16, 2013.
[0093] Instrument 1000 may further include one or more joints.
Joints may be of different types having different configurations.
For instance, instrument 1000 may include a wrist 1024 providing
one or more degrees of freedom of movement, such as pitch and/or
yaw, and a joggle joint 1026 proximal to wrist 1024 to permit
bending of camera instrument 1000. However, an instrument 1000 is
not limited to this configuration and may include various
combinations of joints, such as wrists and/or joggle joints.
Because distal end 1020 of instrument 1000 may be inserted into the
body of a patient during a surgical procedure and because
instrument 1000 may include one or more joints, which may include
moving parts, instrument 1000 may have an open architecture along
at least part of the nonjointed parts of the shaft. For example,
shaft 1010 may include holes 1012, as shown in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 14. Holes 1012 may be configured according to
the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-10 to enhance cleaning and
visual inspection of camera instrument 1000. For instance, when
instrument 1000 is a camera instrument, only a portion of shaft
1010 may include an open architecture due to the relatively limited
amount of exposure of camera instrument 1000 to material to be
cleaned. According to an exemplary embodiment, instrument 1000 may
include a distal portion 1014 proximate to distal end 1020 that
includes holes 1012, with the remainder of shaft 1010 proximal to
portion 1014 having a substantially continuous solid outer surface
(e.g., free of holes 1012). The portion 1014 of shaft 1010
including holes 1012 be adjacent to joints, as shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 11.
[0094] Instrument 1000 may include one or more actuation members
1038 (e.g., cables) to actuate components (see FIG. 15), such as
joints, as well as flux transmission conduits (not shown). Flux
transmission conduits may be conduits to provide energy to an end
effector, such as in the case of instrument 1000 being a surgical
instrument with an end effector, or the conduits may supply other
types of fluxes, such as fluid, suction, collected light to provide
optical data and/or light to illuminate a work site and other
components in the case that instrument 1000 is a camera instrument.
Thus, the features of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15 may be
used in a camera instrument or a surgical instrument including an
end effector.
[0095] According to an exemplary embodiment, instrument 1000 may
include a seal 1030 located inside shaft 1010 to seal against
components extending along shaft 1010 and to seal against an
interior surface of shaft 1010 so that portion 1014 with open
architecture is segregated from a remainder of shaft 1010 proximal
to seal 1030. According to an exemplary embodiment, when instrument
1000 is a surgical instrument with an end effector, seal 1030 may
correspond to seal 149 of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2. Seal
1030 may include, for instance, a central aperture 1032, as shown
in FIG. 15, for one or more flux transmission conduits, such as
energy conduits or conduits to provide optical data and/or
illuminate a work site. Central aperture 1032 may be sized and
otherwise configured to seal against the one or more flux
transmission conduits, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Further, seal 1030 may include one or more apertures 1034 for
actuation members 1038, such as cables to actuate joints.
[0096] According to an exemplary embodiment, central aperture 1032
and apertures 1034 may include sealing structures, such as a
compliant material that presses against structures passing central
aperture 1032 and apertures 1034. Further, apertures 1034 may be
sized and otherwise configured to seal against actuation members
1038, according to an exemplary embodiment. Actuation members 1038
may include structures to provide a degree of protection to the
actuation members 1038 proximal to seal 1030, such as from wear and
other forms of damage from physical contact. As shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15, the actuation members 1038 may be
covered with tubes 1036 proximal to seal 1030. Further, tubes 1036
may extend through seal 1030 to a location distal to seal 1030 so
that tubes 1036 may be sealed with seal 1030. Thus, seal 1030 may
advantageously minimize or prevent the flow of material along
actuation members 1038 (such as due to a wicking or capillary
action) in a distal to proximal direction in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 15, effectively sealing off a distal end 1020 of
instrument 1000 from a portion proximal to seal 1030. However,
tubes 1036 may have other configurations and may instead end at
seal 1030 instead of extending distally past seal 1030 in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15. Tubes 1036 may comprise, for
example, metal, such as, for example, stainless steel. In another
example, tubes 1036 may comprise a composite material, such as, for
example, a composite polymer material.
[0097] When instrument 1000 includes an open architecture, it may
be desirable to provide protection to the components within
instrument 1000 from wear and other forms of damage from physical
contact. For instance, optical data/illumination conduits and other
camera components (such as when instrument 1000 is a camera
instrument) and/or other flux transmission conduits (such as, for
example, energy conduits for a surgical instrument having an end
effector) and/or actuation members (such as an actuation member for
an end effector) may pass through joints (when instrument 1000
includes these features) and/or through a portion 1014 of shaft
having an open architecture. Because joints and portion 1014 of
shaft having an open architecture may permit access to an interior
of shaft 1010, it may be desirable to provide protection for such
conduits and/or components through such regions of instrument 1000,
such as to separate the conduits and other components from
articulated portions of joints and minimize pinching and wear of
the conduits and other components and/or to act as a barrier to
keep components passing through an open architecture substantially
dry.
[0098] Turning to FIGS. 16 and 17, a cross-sectional view of
instrument 1000 is depicted. As noted above, instrument 1000 may be
a camera instrument or a surgical instrument with an end effector,
such as the instrument of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2. As
illustrated, instrument 1000 includes a sleeve 1050 inside shaft
1010 that conduits may extend through to distal end 1020 of
instrument 1000. Sleeve 1050 may extend through the portion 1014 of
shaft 1010 including an open architecture so that conduits,
electrical wires, actuation members, and/or other components
extending through an interior of sleeve 1050 are not exposed via
the open architecture. Furthermore, sleeve 1050 may extend through
the region of shaft 1010 including joints, such as wrist 1024 and
joggle joint 1026, so that conduits, electrical wires, actuation
members, and/or other components extending through sleeve 1050 are
provided with protection when instrument 1000 is articulated via
wrist 1024 and/or joint 1026. Because sleeve 1050 extends through
portions of instrument 1000 that may be articulated, such joints,
sleeve 1050 may be flexible. As shown in the exemplary embodiment
of FIG. 16, sleeve 1050 may be located distal to seal 1030 so that
conduits, electrical wires, and/or other components passing through
central aperture 1032 of seal 1030 may enter seal 1030 and extend
towards distal end 1020 of instrument 1000. According to an
exemplary embodiment, sleeve 1050 may comprise, for example,
silicone or other flexible material recognized by one of ordinary
skill in the art. Further, sleeve 1050 may be transparent or
translucent to permit viewing of conduits and/or other components
inside sleeve 1050.
[0099] Because sleeve 1050 may pass through a portion of an
instrument having an open architecture, sleeve 1050 may be sealed
to minimize or prevent material from entering an interior of sleeve
1050. For instance, sleeve 1050 may seal components extending
through an interior of sleeve 1050 from surrounding fluids, such as
liquids and/or gases. Thus, sleeve 1050 may keep components passing
through an interior of sleeve 1050 substantially dry, such as
during a surgical procedure and/or during a cleaning procedure. For
instance, a proximal end 1052 of sleeve 1050 may be connected to a
jacket 1040 extending through an interior of shaft 1010 along a
proximal-distal direction. According to an exemplary embodiment,
when an instrument includes the seal 1030 of the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 15, seal 1030 may seal against an interior
surface of jacket 1040, although seal 1030 may seal against an
interior surface of shaft 1010 when jacket 1040 is absent from an
instrument. A proximal end 1052 of sleeve 1050, for example, may be
sealed to jacket 1040. According to another exemplary embodiment,
proximal end 1052 of sleeve 1050 may be sealed to an interior
surface of shaft 1010, such as when jacket 1040 is not present,
although proximal end 1052 may instead seal to jacket 1040 when
jacket 1040 is present in an instrument. Further, a distal end 1054
of sleeve 1050 may be sealed to a distal end 1020 of the
instrument, such as a location distal to one or more joints, such
wrist 1024 and/or a joggle joint 1026. For instance, distal end
1054 of sleeve 1050 may be sealed to a distal disk 1028 of wrist
1024 and/or to an end piece 1029 of instrument, as shown in FIG.
17. According to an exemplary embodiment, sleeve 1050 may be
connected or otherwise sealed to instrument components, such as
jacket 1040, shaft 1010, disk 1028, and/or end piece 1029, by, for
example, overmolding sleeve 1050 onto the camera device components,
adhesively bonding sleeve 1050 to instrument components, and other
joining methods recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Cleaning Fluid Distributors
[0100] Aside from including features in surgical and camera
instruments to facilitate cleaning, the present disclosure
contemplates various cleaning devices separate from surgical or
camera instruments that can facilitate cleaning of surgical
instruments. Turning to FIG. 18, an exemplary embodiment of a
cleaning device in the form of a cleaning fluid distributor 1100 in
accordance with the present disclosure is shown. Cleaning fluid
distributor 1100 may include a body 1110 and end pieces 1120. As
shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 18, body 1110 may include
a port 1112 configured to connect to a source providing fluid for a
cleaning procedure. Port 1112 may be configured to quickly and
easily connect with a fluid source, such as a hose delivering fluid
or an automated reprocessing device, such as the exemplary
embodiments described in International Application No.
PCT/US14/49454, filed on Aug. 1, 2014 (for "DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND
METHODS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT REPROCESSING), which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety. According to an
exemplary embodiment, port 1112 may include a luer type of fitting,
although such a fitting is nonlimiting and exemplary only. For
instance, port 1112 may include a fitting that locks to a
connection and may only be disconnected by a user actuating a
release mechanism, such as the connection described above for the
port 190 of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 27. Body 1110
may further include a visual indicator 1114, such as, for example,
an arrow, text, or other visual indicator to indicate a direction
that a surgical instrument may be inserted through cleaning fluid
distributor 1100.
[0101] Cleaning fluid distributor 1100 may include end pieces 1120
attached to each axial end of body 1110, as shown in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 18. However, cleaning fluid distributor 1100 is
not limited to including two end pieces 1120. For instance,
cleaning fluid distributor 1100 may include, for example, one end
piece 1120 at one axial end of body 1110, with the other axial end
of body 1110 including the one or more apertures of an end piece
1120, as described below. An end piece 1120 may include a central
opening 1122 configured to receive a surgical instrument inserted
into cleaning fluid distributor 1100. According to an exemplary
embodiment, central opening 1122 may be sized to receive and/or
guide a surgical instrument or a camera device during its insertion
into the fluid distributor 1100. For instance, central opening 1122
may be sized to guide a surgical instrument into distributor 1100
but also permit relative movement between distributor 1100 and an
instrument inserted within distributor 1100, such as along axial
direction 1102 and along rotational direction 1104 shown in FIG.
18. Further exemplary embodiments of cleaning devices discussed
below may also be configured to permit relative movement along
axial direction 1102 and/or rotational direction 1104. According to
an exemplary embodiment, central opening 1122 may have a diameter
of, for example, that ranges from about 0.250 inches to about 0.750
inches. According to an exemplary embodiment, central opening 1122
may have a diameter of, for example, about 0.250 inches to about
0.300 inches for a surgical instrument having an end effector.
According to an exemplary embodiment, central opening 1122 may have
a diameter of, for example, about 0.600 inches to about 0.750
inches for a camera instrument. Central openings 1122 may be
configured to provide a clearance between the surface forming
openings 1122 and an outer surface of a surgical instrument. For
example, central openings 1122 may be configured to provide a
clearance of about 0.020 inches to about 0.050 inches on each side
of a surgical instrument.
[0102] For instance, a shaft 1130 of a surgical instrument may be
inserted through central openings 1122 of the end pieces 1120 so
that the shaft 1130 may be inserted through a cleaning fluid
distributor 1100, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 19.
According to an exemplary embodiment, fluid 1132 may be supplied to
cleaning fluid distributor 1100 via port 1112 during a cleaning
procedure and delivered to an exterior of the surgical instrument
located inside of the cleaning fluid distributor 1100, as will be
described below. Although cleaning fluid distributor 1100 may be
arranged to primarily deliver fluid to an exterior of a surgical
instrument, fluid may also penetrate to an interior of the surgical
instrument during a cleaning procedure using cleaning fluid
distributor 1100, such as at portions of the surgical instrument
including an open architecture.
[0103] Cleaning fluid distributor 1100 also may include one or more
features to remove fluid from cleaning fluid distributor 1100. As
shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 18, an end piece 1120 may
include one or more openings 1124 that pass through end piece 1120
and are in flow communication with an interior of cleaning fluid
distributor 1100. Thus, openings 1124 may permit fluid inside body
1110, including material flushed from an instrument, to exit
cleaning fluid distributor 1100 through openings 1124. The number
of openings 1124 may be selected based on, for example, a desired
amount of turbulence of the fluid flow, a flow rate of the fluid,
and other parameters recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art
for a fluid used in a cleaning procedure. Openings 1124 may also be
used to direct spraying of fluid from inside body 1110 to the
exterior of body 1110, such as to minimize spraying of a user, so
the number and/or shape of openings 1124 may be selected in view of
this consideration as well. For example, an end piece 1120 could
include eight openings 1124, although other configurations using
fewer or greater numbers of openings 1125 may be used. According to
an exemplary embodiment, openings 1124 may have an arcuate shape,
as shown in FIG. 18. Further, openings 1124 may be arranged in
generally circular configurations, which may be concentric with
central opening 1122, as shown in FIG. 18. Openings may be arranged
in one or more generally circular configurations, with two being
shown in FIG. 18, and a single circular configuration being shown
in FIG. 19. However, the shape and arrangement of openings 1124 are
not limited to the embodiments described herein and other shapes
and arrangements of openings 1124 may be used. Further, a feature
to remove fluid from cleaning fluid distributor 1100 may include
structures other than openings 1124. For instance, a second port
(not shown) similar to port 1112 may be provided to remove fluid
from inside cleaning fluid distributor 1100.
[0104] As described above, end pieces 1120 may be attached to body
1110 of cleaning fluid distributor 1100. End pieces 1120 may be
removed to facilitate maintenance of cleaning fluid distributor
1100, such as to permit removal of excess material remaining within
body 1110. For instance, end pieces 1120 may be attached to body
1110 by, for example, screw threads, friction fitting, or other
attachment means recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Turning to FIG. 20, a cross-sectional view is shown along line
20-20 of FIG. 18, with end pieces 1120 removed from body 1110.
Features to attach an end piece 1120 to body 1110 may be provided
on, for example, a flange 1126 of end piece 1120. Flange 1126 may
be configured, for example, to engage and/or fit over body 1110 to
attach end piece 1120 to body 1110. According to an exemplary
embodiment, an end piece 1120 may include a passage 1128 to guide
and/or align an instrument through cleaning fluid distributor 1100.
Passage 1128 may have a generally cylindrical shape. Further,
passage 1128 may have a flared end 1129, as shown in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 20, such as to guide an end of an instrument
into passage 1128.
[0105] Structures may be provided inside of a cleaning device to
direct the flow of a cleaning fluid during a cleaning procedure. As
shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 20, a body 1110 of a
cleaning fluid distributor 1100 may include a single aperture 1116
to deliver fluid 1132 to an interior of cleaning fluid distributor
1100. According to an exemplary embodiment, aperture 1116 may be
directly connected to port 1112, as shown in FIG. 20. Although
aperture 1116 may have the inner diameter as port 1112, as shown in
the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 20, aperture 1116 may have a
smaller diameter, such as to provide a localized increase in fluid
velocity. Fluid having an increased fluid velocity may facilitate
cleaning by facilitating removal of material from an instrument. A
direction of fluid 1132 flowing out of aperture 1116 may be in a
radial direction that is substantially perpendicular to a
longitudinal axis of an instrument shaft inserted through
distributor 1100, although other configurations of aperture 1116
may be used to provide other angles of fluid delivery.
[0106] According to an exemplary embodiment, a cleaning device may
include more than one aperture to direct a fluid into an interior
of the cleaning device. Turning to FIG. 21, an exemplary embodiment
of a cleaning device 1140 is shown that includes a body 1142, end
pieces 1144, and a port 1146 configured to receive fluid 1148.
Cleaning device 1140 may further include a manifold 1150 in the
interior of body 1142 forming a chamber 1152 that is in flow
communication with port 1146. As shown in FIG. 22, which is a
perspective view of cleaning device 1140, manifold 1150 may have an
annular shape with a central passage 1156 for passage of a surgical
instrument, such as when body 1142 has a cylindrical shape, as
shown in FIG. 22. However, manifold 1150 is not limited to an
annular shape and may instead have other shapes, such as when body
1142 does not have a cylindrical shape.
[0107] As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, manifold 1150 may include one
or more holes 1154 fluidically connected to chamber 1152. Thus,
fluid 1148 supplied to chamber 1152 from port 1146 may exit chamber
1152 into central passage 1156 via holes 1154, such as to
distribute fluid 1148 to a surgical instrument inserted into
cleaning device 1140 and through central passage 1156. According to
an exemplary embodiment, manifold 1150 may include, for example,
one hole 1154, two holes 1154, three holes 1154, four holes 1154,
five holes 1154, six holes 1154, seven holes 1154, eight holes
1154, nine holes 1154, ten holes 1154, eleven holes 1154, twelve
holes 1154, or more. In various exemplary embodiments, the number
and arrangement of holes can be selected based on desirable fluid
flow rate and velocity to achieve desired cleaning. According to an
exemplary embodiment, a number of holes 1154 may be selected so
that rotational movement between distributor 1140 and an instrument
inserted within distributor 1140 is not necessary to distribute
cleaning fluid over an exterior of the instrument. Further, holes
1154 may have a diameter smaller than an inner diameter of port
1146, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 21. This may
provide a localized increase in fluid velocity and a spray of fluid
over an instrument inserted through central passage 1156.
[0108] Holes 1154 may be positioned at differing angular
orientations relative to the central passage 1156 of cleaning
device 1140. As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 21, fluid
1148 directed through holes 1154 may be directed in a substantially
radial direction 1158, for example substantially perpendicular to a
longitudinal axis of the instrument shaft inserted through central
passage 1156. A possible consequence of such a configuration is
that fluid 1148 exits cleaning device 1140 through each end piece
1144, which could result in splashing a user of cleaning device
1140. However, holes 1154 of manifold 1150 are not limited to being
oriented to direct fluid in a substantially radial direction.
Turning to FIG. 23, an exemplary embodiment of a cleaning device
1160 is shown that includes a body 1162 and end pieces 1164. Body
1162 may be configured according to the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 21, except that manifold 1166 includes holes 1168 that are
angled in a non-perpendicular direction to the radial direction
1174 of the cleaning device 1160. According to an exemplary
embodiment, holes 1168 may be oriented at an angle 1170 that may
be, for example, about 20 degrees to about 30 degrees. Angle 1170
for holes 1168 may be selected, for example, to direct a flow of
fluid from holes 1168 so that the fluid flows as a radial component
and an axial component, with one of the radial and axial components
being greater than the other. By directing a portion of the fluid
along an axial direction 1172 (or longitudinal axis) towards one of
end pieces 1164, the cleaning device 1160 can be utilized with
minimal or no splashing by directing an end piece 1164 of cleaning
device 1160 through which most or all of the fluid is exiting in a
direction away from a user.
[0109] As shown in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 21 and 23,
holes 1154, 1168 may be arranged in a single row or ring along an
inner surface of manifold 1150, 1166. However, holes are not
limited to such an arrangement and may be arranged in other
configurations, such as configuration in which holes are offset
(e.g., staggered) along an axial direction of a distributor.
Furthermore, holes may be arranged in a plurality of rows or rings
along axial direction 1172 on an inner surface of a manifold
instead of a single row or ring, as shown in the exemplary
embodiments of FIGS. 21 and 23.
[0110] The exemplary embodiments of cleaning devices described
above may include other features. For instance, a cleaning device
1160 may include members 1180 connected to passages 1165 of end
pieces 1164. Members 1180 may be, for example, seals to assist with
controlling the flow of fluid within cleaning device 1160. For
instance, instead of providing a sealing member 1180 for each end
piece 1164, one end piece could include a sealing member 1180 while
the other end piece does not to assist a user with directing a
spray of fluid out of cleaning device 1160 and away from the user.
In another example, members 1180 may be rings that press against a
surgical instrument inserted through central openings 1167 of end
pieces 1164 to assist with cleaning the surgical instrument by
wiping the surgical instrument as the instrument is passed through
an end piece 1164. For instance, an inner annular surface 1181 of
members 1180 may press against a surgical instrument. In another
instance, members 1180 may include bristles (not shown) or other
structures, such as along inner annular surface 1181, that press
against a surgical instrument to assist with cleaning the
instrument.
[0111] The cleaning devices of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS.
18-23 may be manufactured according to different methods. A
cleaning device may be manufactured, for example, by a three
dimensional printing process. For instance, a body of a cleaning
device may be printed as a single piece and end pieces may be
printed separately. In another example, a cleaning device may be
manufactured by a molding process. For instance, a body of a
cleaning device may be molded as two piece that are subsequently
joined together, such as via ultrasonic welding, with end pieces
molded separately. According to an exemplary embodiment, a material
used to manufacture a cleaning device may be, for example, a
plastic. For instance, a material used to manufacture a cleaning
device may be an autoclavable plastic. According to an exemplary
embodiment, at least a portion of a cleaning device may be
transparent or translucent to permit viewing of an interior of the
cleaning device during a cleaning procedure. Further, a lens may be
included in a cleaning device to facilitate viewing of the interior
of the cleaning device, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0112] Cleaning Fluid Routing Devices
[0113] Aside from the cleaning fluid distributors described above
with reference to FIGS. 18-23, various exemplary embodiments of the
present disclosure contemplate the use of cleaning devices that
assist in routing cleaning fluid during cleaning of surgical
instruments. Such cleaning fluid routing devices, as will be
described in further detail below, can be used when performing
cleaning of any of the instruments according to exemplary
embodiments herein, and may be used alone or in conjunction with
other types of cleaning devices, such as for example the cleaning
fluid distributors and/or the proximal flushing manifold described
above.
[0114] Turning to FIG. 24, an exemplary embodiment of a cleaning
fluid routing device 1200 is shown that includes a first portion
1210 and a second portion 1220 that are coupled in a manner that
permits the device to be moved between a closed position (shown in
FIG. 24) and an open position (shown in FIG. 25). According to an
exemplary embodiment, first portion 1210 and second portion 1220
may be provided as separate pieces, which may be joined at a
parting line 1202, as shown in FIG. 24. For instance, first portion
1210 and second portion 1220 may form halves of cleaning device
1200. According to an exemplary embodiment, first portion 1210 and
second portion 1220 may be connected by a hinge 1253 in FIG. 25,
which depicts cleaning device 1200 in an opened state. Further,
portions 1210, 1220 may include features to fasten portions 1210,
1220 together in a closed position, such as one or more clamping
devices. However, although cleaning device 1200 may be provided by
a plurality of separate pieces, cleaning device 1200 is not limited
to embodiments including plural pieces and may instead consist of a
single, one-piece construction.
[0115] According to an exemplary embodiment, first portion 1210 and
second portion 1220 may respectively include recessed channels
1212, 1222 that together define a passage 1230 through cleaning
fluid routing device 1200, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25. For
instance, recessed channels 1212, 1222 of portions 1210, 1220 may
be configured, such as to be substantially equal in size so that
parting line 1202 bisects passage 1230. Passage 1230 may be
configured to receive a surgical instrument inserted through
cleaning device 1200, as will be described below. Passage 1230 may
include sealing features (not shown), such as, for example, a
partial ring of compliant material, such as rubber, located in each
recessed channel 1212, 1222 to seal against a shaft of a surgical
instrument inserted through passage 1230. According to an exemplary
embodiment, sealing features may be configured to reduce a flow of
fluid exiting passage 1230 rather than preventing fluid from
exiting passage 1230. According to an exemplary embodiment, passage
1230 may have a diameter ranging, for example, from about 0.425
inches to about 0.475 inches.
[0116] According to an exemplary embodiment, cleaning device 1200
may include a second passage 1240 configured to receive a cleaning
fluid. Further, second passage 1240 may be connected to passage
1230 through which a surgical instrument is inserted. As a result,
second passage 1240 may supply fluid to passage 1230, and a
surgical instrument inside passage 1230, during a cleaning
procedure. A diameter of second passage 1240 may be selected
according to a size of fitting used with cleaning device 1200.
According to an exemplary embodiment, second passage 1240 may have
a diameter of, for example, about 0.380 inches to about 0.420
inches. According to an exemplary embodiment, an aperture 1242 may
be provided in passage 1230, an opening of which, for example, is
in recessed channel 1222 and is in flow communication with second
passage 1240, as shown in FIG. 25. According to another exemplary
embodiment, cleaning device 1200 may include a plurality of
apertures similar to aperture 1242 in passage 1230 that provides
flow communication between passage 1230 and the second passage
1240.
[0117] Cleaning device 1200 may be manufactured via, for example, a
three-dimensional printing process, a molding process, or other
process envisioned by one of ordinary skill in the art. Cleaning
device 1200 may comprise, for example, a plastic, such as an
autoclavable plastic. According to an exemplary embodiment,
cleaning device 1200 may be transparent or translucent, such as to
facilitate viewing of passage 1230 during a cleaning procedure.
[0118] Turning to FIG. 26, a cross-sectional side view is shown of
cleaning device 1200 during a cleaning procedure, in which a shaft
1250 of a surgical instrument having a transmission housing 1252
has been inserted through passage 1230 of cleaning device 1200.
Housing 1252 may include a flush manifold 1254, for example,
configured according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3.
Further, a tube 1260 is connected to one end of second passage 1240
to supply a fluid 1270 to second passage 1240. For instance, tube
1260 may be connected to a port 1261 configured to be connected to
a fluid supply. Fluid 1270 flows from tube 1260 through passage
1240 to aperture 1242 fluidically connected to passage 1230, at
which a first portion 1272 of fluid 1270 may flow through aperture
1242 into passage 1230 and a second portion 1272 of fluid 1272 may
continue to flow through second passage 1240. Fluid portion 1272
may flow around an exterior of surgical instrument shaft 1250
within passage 1230 to irrigate the exterior of surgical instrument
and then may subsequently exit passage 1230. According to an
exemplary embodiment, aperture 1242 may be configured to provide
turbulence to fluid portion 1272 flowing around exterior of shaft
1250 within passage 1230. Fluid portion 1274 may flow through
second passage 1240, exit from second passage 1240 and flow into a
tube 1262 connected to manifold 1254, flow through manifold 1254,
and then flow through an interior of surgical instrument shaft
1250, as shown in FIG. 26. Thus, fluid portion 1274 may irrigate an
interior of surgical instrument shaft 1250 during a cleaning
procedure. Using a cleaning fluid routing device such as that
described with reference to FIGS. 24-26 can thus provide a routing
mechanism that provides some external cleaning of the inserted
instrument shaft as it routes cleaning fluid from a source (such
as, e.g., a faucet or the like) to the flushing manifold for
interior cleaning of the instrument. According to an exemplary
embodiment, surgical instrument shaft 1250 and cleaning device 1200
can remain substantially stationary relative to one another during
a cleaning procedure.
[0119] In various exemplary embodiments, a desired fluid pressure
may be used with the cleaning devices and flush manifolds described
above. The desired fluid pressure may be provided, for example, by
using a pressure regulator fluidically connected to the source of a
fluid used in a cleaning procedure. However, it may be beneficial
to provide a mechanism as part of a cleaning device to indicate a
fluid pressure, such as when a pressure regulator is not available
or is not convenient. According to an exemplary embodiment, the
cleaning devices described in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3
and 18-26 may include a fluid pressure indicator to indicate a
fluid pressure supplied to the cleaning device. For example, the
cleaning device of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 18-27
may include a fluid pressure indicator in the inlet port, such as
port 1112 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 18, with the fluid
pressure indicator being fluidically connected to fluid 1132
supplied to port 1112. In another example, the cleaning device 1200
of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 24-26 may include a fluid
pressure indicator fluidically connected to passage 1230 and/or
passage 1240.
[0120] According to an exemplary embodiment, a fluid pressure gauge
may qualitatively indicate a fluid pressure. For instance, a fluid
pressure gauge may indicate whether a fluid pressure is above a
minimum threshold for a desired fluid pressure or whether the fluid
pressure below the minimum threshold. According to an exemplary
embodiment, the fluid pressure gauge may be a member mounted on a
compliant member so that when the fluid pressure gauge is exposed
to fluid, the fluid pressure gauge deforms, with the amount of
deflection indicating whether the pressure of the fluid exceeds the
minimum threshold or not. Thus, the compliant member may be
selected to match the desired minimum threshold for fluid pressure.
However, a fluid pressure gauge is not limited to a qualitative
gauge and may instead be a quantitative gauge that outputs a
numerical value for fluid pressure. A quantitative gauge may be,
for example, a fluid flow gauge that indicates the amount of flow
of a fluid. The compliant member may be, for example, a spring
having a known spring constant, an elongated member (e.g., a
plastic rod), or other compliant member recognized by one of
ordinary skill in the art to provide a fluid flow gauge.
Surgical Instrument Cleaning Methods
[0121] Various methods of cleaning a surgical instrument may be
contemplated including one or more of the features and devices of
the exemplary embodiments described above. The surgical devices and
cleaning devices described herein may advantageously permit
cleaning of surgical instruments with ordinary water without the
use of detergents, although detergents and other cleaning solutions
may be used to clean surgical instruments. According to an
exemplary embodiment, the water may consist of tap water. According
to another exemplary embodiment, the water may comprise distilled
water or a water-based solution. A water-based solution may
include, for example, an enzymatic detergent, a pH-neutral
detergent, or a high-pH detergent. Exemplary detergents include,
but are not limited to, for example, Tergazyme.RTM. from Alconox,
Inc and MediClean Forte from Chemische Fabrik Dr. Weigert GmbH
& Co. According to an exemplary embodiment, the water used as a
fluid may be at a temperature, for example, that ranges from about
10.degree. C. to about 25.degree. C. According to an exemplary
embodiment, the fluid used may be from a supply that is at a
pressure ranging, for example, from about 25 psi to about 45 psi.
According to another exemplary embodiment, the fluid used may be
from a supply that is at a pressure ranging, for example, from
about 35 psi to about 40 psi.
[0122] A method of cleaning a surgical instrument may include a
plurality of steps. A method of cleaning a surgical instrument may
include a step of soaking a surgical instrument in a container of
water, such as, for example, a sink, for at least about ten
minutes. Although a method may include various steps, the steps may
be repeated, cancelled, or performed in other orders than those
described herein. Further, a surgical instrument cleaned by a
cleaning method may be configured according to the exemplary
embodiments of FIGS. 2-17. For instance, an instrument may include
the manifold described in regard to the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 3 and/or may include an open architecture described in regard
to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-17.
[0123] In another step, the surgical instrument may be cleaned by
irrigating the surgical instrument, such as by using a cleaning
device of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 18-23. For instance, a
water supply may be connected to port 1112 of the exemplary
embodiment of FIGS. 18-20 or the port of any other of the exemplary
embodiments of FIGS. 21-23. Further, a surgical instrument may be
inserted into and through the cleaning device, such as by inserting
the surgical instrument through the central aperture 1122 of an end
piece 1120, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 19. The
surgical instrument may be inserted, for example, along a direction
indicated by the visual indicator 1114 shown in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 19. According to an exemplary embodiment, water
may be distributed over a surgical instrument using the cleaning
device for a period of, for example, about two minutes. During a
cleaning procedure the cleaning device and surgical instrument may
be moved relative to one another, such as by sliding the cleaning
device and instrument relative to one another along axial direction
1102 and/or rotating the cleaning device and surgical instrument
relative to one another in direction 1104, as shown in FIG. 18.
[0124] A method of cleaning a surgical instrument may further
include cleaning the surgical instrument with the cleaning device
1200 of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 24-26. For instance, the
surgical instrument may be placed within passage 1230 of cleaning
device 1200 and tubes 1260, 1262 connected to passage 1240 of
cleaning device and manifold 1254 of the surgical instrument so
that a fluid portion 1272 may irrigate the exterior of the
instrument and a fluid portion 1274 may irrigate an interior of the
instrument, as described above in regard to the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 26. According to an exemplary embodiment, a
surgical instrument may be irrigated by cleaning device 1200 for a
period of, for example, about two minutes. Further, a surgical
instrument may be cleaned by the cleaning device of the exemplary
embodiments of FIGS. 18-23 and then the cleaning device of the
exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 24-26, although other combinations
and order of use of the cleaning devices may be used, including
using the devices simultaneously on different portions of an
instrument shaft.
[0125] Additional aspects may be included in a method of cleaning a
surgical instrument. For example, the method may further include
manually scrubbing an end effector of a surgical instrument.
Scrubbing may be accomplished by using, for example, a nylon brush
or other scrubbing tool recognized by one of ordinary skill in the
art. According to an exemplary embodiment, scrubbing may be
conducted, for example, for about two minutes.
[0126] Another step that may be included in a method of cleaning a
surgical instrument is spraying the surgical instrument with a
spray gun. According to an exemplary embodiment, a spray gun is a
handheld tool configured to deliver a high pressure jet of water.
In an exemplary embodiment, a spray gun, model P/N 80-10-70-38,
manufactured and sold by Healthmark Industries, can be used. A
spray gun may be used by filling a container, such as a sink, with
water, submerging a surgical instrument and the spray gun
underwater in the container, and spraying an exterior of the shaft
of the surgical instrument. Spraying may be conducted, for example,
for about two minutes, such as by moving the spray gun along a
longitudinal axis of surgical instrument and/or circumferentially
around an exterior of the surgical instrument. Further, when
instrument includes an open architecture, such as according to the
exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-17, fluid ejected from spray gun
may penetrate into an interior of the instrument via the open
architecture. A step of spraying a surgical instrument with a spray
gun may be repeated as necessary.
[0127] Another step that may be included in a method of cleaning a
surgical instrument is soaking the surgical instrument in a bath of
a detergent solution. The detergent solution may be a water based
solution including, for example, from about 2% to about 3%
Tergazyme.RTM. detergent. The bath may be a temperature ranging,
for example, from about 45.degree. C. to about 55.degree. C.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the soak may be conducted for
a period of, for example, about thirty minutes. Once the soak is
completed, a rinsing step may be conducted to substantially remove
the detergent solution. For instance, irrigating with the cleaning
device of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 18-23, irrigating with
the cleaning device of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 24-26,
and/or irrigating with the spray gun may be conducted, as described
above.
[0128] According to an exemplary embodiment, a second soak in a
detergent solution may use a detergent solution different than in
the first soak. For instance, a second detergent solution soak may
use, for example, a water-based solution include about 0.75% to
about 1% of Mediclean Forte, which may be a temperature of, for
example, about 40.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. According to an
exemplary embodiment, the second soak may be conducted in an
ultrasonic tank for a period of, for example, about thirty minutes.
Subsequently, the detergent solution may be substantially removed
by a rinsing step. For instance, the surgical instrument may be
irrigated with the cleaning device of the exemplary embodiments of
FIGS. 13-23 and/or irrigated with the cleaning device of the
exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 24-26.
[0129] According to an exemplary embodiment, a cleaning procedure
for a camera device may include the steps described above, except
that a camera device need not be irrigated with a cleaning device
configured according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 24-26 or
with a spray gun. Instead of irrigating a camera device with a
cleaning device configured according to the exemplary embodiment of
FIGS. 24-26, a camera device may be internally flushed with water
by, for example, connecting a hose supplying water to a port 922
for a manifold 920 of the camera device, as shown in the exemplary
embodiment of FIG. 3.
[0130] Various standards may be used to determine the efficacy of a
cleaning procedure. One exemplary standard that may be used is a
standard from the Association for the Advancement of Medical
Instrumentation (AAMI), AAMI TIR 30:2011, which determines how much
material, such as protein or hemoglobin, is left per area of an
instrument after a cleaning procedure and whether the amount of
material exceeds a given threshold of material per area. Another
exemplary standard is ISO 15883 from the International Organization
for Standardization, which determines how much material is left
after a cleaning procedure and whether the remaining material
exceeds a threshold.
[0131] The exemplary embodiments and methods described herein have
been described as being utilized with surgical instruments for
robotic surgical systems. However, the exemplary embodiments and
methods described herein may be used with other surgical devices,
such as laparoscopic instruments and other manual, hand held
instruments.
[0132] By providing surgical instruments with the features of the
exemplary embodiments described herein, as well as the cleaning
devices and methods of the exemplary embodiments described herein,
the cleaning of a surgical instrument may be enhanced. In addition,
visual inspection of a surgical instrument may be facilitated, such
as when the surgical instrument includes an open architecture.
[0133] Further modifications and alternative embodiments will be
apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the
disclosure herein. For example, the systems and the methods may
include additional components or steps that were omitted from the
diagrams and description for clarity of operation. Accordingly,
this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for
the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the general manner
of carrying out the present teachings. It is to be understood that
the various embodiments shown and described herein are to be taken
as exemplary. Elements and materials, and arrangements of those
elements and materials, may be substituted for those illustrated
and described herein, parts and processes may be reversed, and
certain features of the present teachings may be utilized
independently, all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art
after having the benefit of the description herein. Changes may be
made in the elements described herein without departing from the
spirit and scope of the present teachings and following claims.
[0134] It is to be understood that the particular examples and
embodiments set forth herein are nonlimiting, and modifications to
structure, dimensions, materials, and methodologies may be made
without departing from the scope of the present teachings.
[0135] Other embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure
will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of
the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein.
It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as
exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the
following claims.
* * * * *