U.S. patent application number 14/947499 was filed with the patent office on 2016-06-16 for synergistic herbicidal composition containing penoxsulam, triclopyr and bispyribac.
This patent application is currently assigned to Dow AgroSciences LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Dow AgroSciences LLC. Invention is credited to Nelson M. Carranza Garzon, Richard K. Mann, Ruby A. Pacheco.
Application Number | 20160165891 14/947499 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 56109891 |
Filed Date | 2016-06-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160165891 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Carranza Garzon; Nelson M. ;
et al. |
June 16, 2016 |
SYNERGISTIC HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING PENOXSULAM, TRICLOPYR
AND BISPYRIBAC
Abstract
Methods for controlling weeds using synergistic compositions
containing penoxsulam, triclopyr, and bispyribac, especially rice,
sugarcane, cereal and grain crops, pastures, rangelands, industrial
vegetation management (IVM), aquatics and turf, as well as
protecting crops from herbicidal injury caused by any of the
individual components. These methods provide improved
post-emergence herbicidal weed control and reduce herbicidal injury
by concomitant application of the mixture.
Inventors: |
Carranza Garzon; Nelson M.;
(Bogota, CO) ; Mann; Richard K.; (Franklin,
IN) ; Pacheco; Ruby A.; (Villvicencio, CO) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Dow AgroSciences LLC |
Indianapolis |
IN |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Dow AgroSciences LLC
Indianapolis
IN
|
Family ID: |
56109891 |
Appl. No.: |
14/947499 |
Filed: |
November 20, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62092635 |
Dec 16, 2014 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
504/136 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 25/32 20130101;
A61P 13/00 20180101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N 43/90 20130101; A01N
43/90 20130101; A01N 25/32 20130101; A01N 25/32 20130101; A01N
43/40 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N
25/32 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01N 43/90 20060101
A01N043/90; A01N 43/54 20060101 A01N043/54; A01N 43/40 20060101
A01N043/40 |
Claims
1. A method of controlling undesirable vegetation comprising
contacting the vegetation or the locus thereof with a synergistic
mixture of: (a) penoxsulam or agriculturally acceptable salts
thereof ##STR00011## (b) triclopyr or agriculturally acceptable
salts or esters thereof and ##STR00012## (c) bispyribac or
agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof ##STR00013##
2. The method of claim 1, wherein (a) penoxsulam, (b) triclopyr and
(c) bispyribac are applied post-emergence to the undesirable
vegetation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a)
penoxsulam (active ingredient) plus triclopyr (active ingredient)
to (b) bispyribac (active ingredient) is from about 1:8.33:1.73 to
about 1:8.33:1.28.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of premixed (a)
penoxsulam (active ingredient) and (b) triclopyr (active
ingredient) to the tankmixed partner (c) bispyribac (active
ingredient) is from about 1:1.47 to about 1620:1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of premixed (a)
penoxsulam (active ingredient) and (b) triclopyr (active
ingredient) to the tankmixed partner (c) bispyribac (active
ingredient) is from about 1:0.029 to about 537:1.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of premixed (a)
penoxsulam (active ingredient) and (b) triclopyr (active
ingredient) to (c) bispyribac (active ingredient) is from about
1:0.19 to about 7.3:1.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein (a), (b) and (c) are combined in
a mixture.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the difference between the
observed and expected percent control as calculated by the Colby
equation is greater than 15%.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the undesirable vegetation
comprises a herbicide resistant or tolerant weed.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the resistant or tolerant weed
is a biotype with resistance or tolerance to single or multiple
herbicides or single or multiple chemical classes, or inhibitors of
single or multiple herbicide modes-of-action.
11. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the resistant or tolerant
weed is a biotype resistant or tolerant to acetolactate synthase
(ALS) or acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, photosystem
II inhibitors, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors,
photosystem I inhibitors, 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate
(EPSP) synthase inhibitors, microtubule assembly inhibitors, lipid
synthesis inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors,
carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, very long chain fatty acid
(VLCFA) inhibitors, phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, glutamine
synthetase inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD)
inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors,
herbicides with multiple modes-of-action, quinclorac,
arylaminopropionic acids, difenzoquat, endothall or
organoarsenicals.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the undesirable vegetation is in
rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, corn, maize, sugarcane,
pastures, grasslands, rangelands, fallowland, turf, industrial
vegetation management and aquatics.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting the
undesirable vegetation with a herbicidally effective amount of an
additional herbicide.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the undesirable vegetation
comprises one or more of Digitaria species, Echinochloa colonum
(junglerice, ECHCO), Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass, ISCRU) and
Rottboellia exaltata (guineafowlgrass, ROOEX).
15. A method for protecting crops from the harmful effects of one
or more of penoxsulam, triclopyr, and bispyribac by contacting the
crop with a synergistic mixture of: (a) penoxsulam or
agriculturally acceptable salts thereof ##STR00014## (b) triclopyr
or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof and
##STR00015## (c) bispyribac or agriculturally acceptable salts or
esters thereof ##STR00016##
16. The method of claim 15, wherein (a) penoxsulam, (b) triclopyr
and (c) bispyribac are applied post-emergence to the crop.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the weight ratio of (a)
penoxsulam (active ingredient) plus triclopyr (active ingredient)
to (b) bispyribac (active ingredient) is from about 1:8.33:1.73 to
about 1:8.33:1.28.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the weight ratio of premixed
(a) penoxsulam (active ingredient) and (b) triclopyr (active
ingredient) to (c) bispyribac (active ingredient) is from about
1:1.47 to about 1620:1.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the weight ratio of premixed
(a) penoxsulam (active ingredient) and (b) triclopyr (active
ingredient) to (c) bispyribac (active ingredient) is from about
1:0.29 to about 537:1.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the weight ratio of premixed
(a) penoxsulam (active ingredient) and (b) triclopyr (active
ingredient) to (c) bispyribac (active ingredient) is from about
1:0.19 to about 7.3:1.
21. The method of claim 15, wherein (a), (b) and (c) are combined
in a mixture.
22. The method of claim 15, wherein the difference between the
observed and expected percent injury as calculated by the Colby
equation is less than 7%.
23. The method of claim 15, wherein the crop comprises a herbicide
resistant or tolerant crop.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the crop is a biotype with
resistance or tolerance to single or multiple herbicides or single
or multiple chemical classes, or inhibitors of single or multiple
herbicide modes-of-action.
25. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein the resistant or tolerant
crop is a biotype resistant or tolerant to auxins or acetolactate
synthase (ALS) or acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 62/092,635 filed Dec. 16, 2014, which
is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The protection of crops from weeds and other vegetation
which inhibit crop growth is a recurring problem in agriculture. To
help combat this problem, a variety of chemicals and chemical
formulations effective in the control of unwanted vegetation have
been synthesized and evaluated. Different classes of chemical
herbicides have been disclosed in the literature and a large number
are in commercial use. However, there remains a need for improved
compositions and methods of use thereof that are effective in
controlling undesirable vegetation.
SUMMARY
[0003] The methods described herein can be used for controlling
undesirable vegetation. The methods include contacting the
vegetation or the locus thereof with a synergistic mixture of (a)
penoxsulam or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, (b)
triclopyr or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, and
(c) bispyribac or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters
thereof.
[0004] Additionally, the methods described herein can be used to
protect crops from the harmful effects of one or more of
penoxsulam, triclopyr, and bispyribac. The methods include
contacting the crop with a synergistic mixture of (a) penoxsulam or
agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, (b) triclopyr or
agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, and (c)
bispyribac or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0005] Penoxsulam and bispyribac are active against a broad range
of weeds and are highly complementary with triclopyr. For example,
it has been found that a combination of penoxsulam, triclopyr and
bispyribac exhibits a synergistic action in the control of a
variety of weeds, such as Digitaria species (DIGSS), Echinochloa
colonum (L.) LINK (junglerice, ECHCO), Ischaemum rugosum
(saramollagrass, ISCRU) and Rottboellia exaltata (guineafowlgrass,
ROOEX) at application rates equal to or lower than the rates of the
individual compounds.
I. DEFINITIONS
[0006] As used herein, penoxsulam is
2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-
-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide, which has the following
structure:
##STR00001##
Exemplary uses of penoxsulam are described in Tomlin, C. D. S., Ed.
The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium, 15.sup.th ed.; BCPC:
Alton, 2009 (hereafter "The Pesticide Manual, Fifteenth Edition,
2009") and include, but are not limited to, control of Echinochloa
spp., as well as many broadleaf, sedge and aquatic weeds in rice,
Apera spp., a genus of annual grasses, and many broadleaf weeds in
cereals.
[0007] As used herein, triclopyr is
2[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid, which has the
following structure:
##STR00002##
Exemplary uses of triclopyr are described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fifteenth Edition, 2009 and include, but are not limited to,
control of a wide range of woody plants and broadleaf weeds.
Exemplary chemical forms of triclopyr include, for example,
triclopyr TEA, which is triethylammonium
2[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetate and has the following
structure:
##STR00003##
[0008] triclopyr choline, which is
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
2-[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetate and has the following
structure:
##STR00004##
and
[0009] triclopyr BEE, which is 2-butoxyethyl
2[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetate and has the following
structure:
##STR00005##
[0010] As used herein, bispyribac is
2,6-bis((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)benzoic acid, which has
the following structure:
##STR00006##
Exemplary uses of bispyribac are described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fifteenth Edition, 2009 and include, but are not limited to,
control of many grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds, especially
Echinochloa spp., in direct-seeded rice, as well to stunt growth of
weeds in non-crop situations. Exemplary chemical forms of
bispyribac include, for example, bispyribac-sodium, which is sodium
2,6-bis((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)benzoate and has the
following structure:
##STR00007##
[0011] The term herbicide, as used herein, means an active
ingredient that kills, controls or otherwise adversely modifies the
growth of plants. As used herein, a herbicidally effective or
vegetation controlling amount is an amount of active ingredient
that causes a "herbicidal effect," i.e., an adversely modifying
effect such as a deviation from natural development, killing,
regulation, desiccation and retardation.
[0012] As used herein, "plants" and "vegetation" include, but are
not limited to, germinant seeds, emerging seedlings, plants
emerging from vegetative propagules, and established immature and
mature vegetation.
[0013] As used herein, immature vegetation refers to plants prior
to their reproductive stage, and mature vegetation refers to plants
during and after their reproductive stage.
II. COMPOSITIONS
[0014] A. Synergistic Combinations
[0015] Provided herein are herbicidal compositions containing a
mixture containing synergistic, herbicidally effective amounts
of:
[0016] (a) penoxsulam or agriculturally acceptable salts
thereof
##STR00008##
[0017] (b) triclopyr or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters
thereof
##STR00009## [0018] and
[0019] (c) bispyribac or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters
thereof
##STR00010##
[0020] Agriculturally acceptable salts and esters of triclopyr are
anticipated to control undesirable vegetation in combination with
penoxsulam and a salt or ester of bispyribac. Examples of such
agriculturally acceptable salts and esters of triclopyr include,
but are not limited to, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl,
triclopyr-triethylammonium (TEA) salt, and triclopyr-choline
salt.
[0021] Agriculturally acceptable salts and esters of bispyribac are
anticipated to control undesirable vegetation in combination with
penoxsulam and a salt or ester of triclopyr. An example of such an
agriculturally acceptable salt of bispyribac includes
bispyribac-sodium.
[0022] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the combination of the
three actives exhibits synergism, i.e. the herbicidal active
ingredients are more effective in combination than when applied
individually. Synergism has been defined as "an interaction of two
or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than
the predicted effect based on the response to each factor applied
separately." (Shaner, D. L., Ed. Herbicide Handbook, 10.sup.th ed.
Lawrence: Weed Society of America, 2014.) In certain embodiments,
the compositions exhibit synergy as determined by Colby's equation.
(Colby, S. R. Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic
response of herbicide combinations. Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22.)
[0023] Herbicidal or safening activity is exhibited by the
compounds when they are applied pre- and post-emergence directly to
the plant or to the locus of the plant at any stage of growth. The
effect observed depends upon the plant species to be controlled,
the stage of growth of the plant, the application parameters of
dilution and spray drop size, the particle size of solid
components, the environmental conditions at the time of use, the
specific compound employed, the specific adjuvants and carriers
employed, the soil type, the amount of chemical applied, and
combinations thereof. These and other factors can be adjusted to
promote non-selective or selective herbicidal action or safening
activity. In some embodiments, the compositions described herein
are applied as a post-emergence application to relatively immature
and mature undesirable vegetation to achieve the maximum control of
weeds.
[0024] In some embodiments, penoxsulam or an agriculturally
acceptable salt thereof, triclopyr or an agriculturally acceptable
salt or ester thereof, and bispyribac or an agriculturally
acceptable salt or ester thereof are used in combination with other
herbicides which complement the spectrum of weeds controlled by
these compounds at the application rate employed. In some
embodiments, the compositions described herein and other
complementary herbicides are applied simultaneously, either as a
combination formulation or as a tank mix.
[0025] The present compositions can be applied to weeds or their
locus thereof, including but not limited to, foliage, water or
soil, by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters,
sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or
paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled
in the art.
[0026] In some embodiments, the concentration of the active
ingredients in the synergistic composition described herein is from
about 0.001 to 98 percent by weight. In some embodiments, the
concentration is from 0.01 to 90 percent by weight. In compositions
designed to be employed as concentrates, the active ingredients, in
certain embodiments, are present in a concentration from about 0.1
to 98 weight percent, and in some embodiments from about 0.5 to 90
weight percent. Such compositions are, in some embodiments, diluted
with an inert carrier, such as water, before application, or
applied as a dry or liquid formulation directly into flooded rice
fields. The diluted compositions usually applied to weeds or the
locus of weeds contain, in certain embodiments, about 0.0001 to 10
weight percent active ingredient and in certain embodiments contain
about 0.001 to 5.0 weight percent.
[0027] In certain embodiments of the compositions and methods of
use thereof described herein, penoxsulam is used in combination
with triclopyr and bispyribac. With regard to the compositions, in
some embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam or salt thereof
(in grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha) to triclopyr or
salt or ester thereof (in g ai/ha) to bispyribac or salt or ester
thereof (in g ai/ha) is within the range from about 1:1600:20 to
about 1:0.63:0.05, from about 1:800:6 to about 1:3.33:0.25, from
about 1:1600:1 to about 1:0.63:1, from about 1:800:1.5 to about
1:3.33:1, from about 1:12.6:20 to about 1:80:0.05, from about
1:133.33:1 to about 1:20:1.5, from about 1:20:1.5 to about
1:133.33:3 and from about 1:80:1 to about 1:12.6:1. In certain
embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam or salt thereof to
triclopyr or salt or ester thereof to bispyribac or salt or ester
thereof is within the range from about 1:3.33:1 to about 1:20:1,
from about 1:5:1 to about 1:15:1 and from 1:6:1 to about 1:10:1. In
other embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam or salt thereof
to triclopyr or salt or ester thereof to bispyribac or salt or
ester thereof is within the range from about 1:8.33:1.67 to about
1:8.33:1.33.
[0028] In certain embodiments of the compositions and methods of
use thereof described herein, a premix of penoxsulam and triclopyr
is used in combination with bispyribac. With regard to the
compositions, in some embodiments, the weight ratio of the premix
of penoxsulam or salt thereof plus triclopyr or salt or ester
thereof (in g ai/ha) to bispyribac or salt or ester thereof (in g
ai/ha) is within the range from about 1:1.47 to about 1620:1, from
about 1:1.2 to about 1200:1, from about 1:1 to about 1000:1, from
about 1:0.8 to about 800:1, from about 1:0.6 to about 700:1, from
about 1:4 to about 650:1, from about 1:0.29 to about 537:1, from
about 1:0.25 to about 500:1, from about 1:0.2 to about 400:1, from
about 1:0.18 to about 300:1, from about 1:0.15 to about 200:1, from
about 1:0.125 to about 175:1, from about 1:0.1 to about 150:1, from
about 1:0.071 to about 134:1, from about 1:0.074 to about 81:1,
from about 1:0.05 to about 50:1. In certain embodiments, the weight
ratio of the premix of penoxsulam or salt thereof plus triclopyr or
salt or ester thereof to bispyribac or salt or ester thereof is
within the range from about 1:0.19 to about 7.3:1. In other
embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam or salt thereof plus
triclopyr or salt or ester thereof to bispyribac or salt or ester
thereof is within the range from about 1:0.18 to about 7:1.
[0029] The rate at which the synergistic composition is applied
will depend upon the particular type of weed to be controlled, the
degree of control required, and the timing and method of
application. Bispyribac is typically applied at a rate from about 5
grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha) to about 100 g ai/ha.
Penoxsulam is typically applied at a rate from about 5 to about 100
g ai/ha, and triclopyr is typically applied at a rate from about 63
to about 8000 g ai/ha. When premixed, penoxsulam plus triclopyr is
typically applied at a rate from about 68 g ai/ha to about 8060 g
ai/ha.
[0030] With respect to the methods, in certain embodiments, the
methods include contacting the undesirable vegetation with a
composition described herein. In some embodiments, the composition
is applied at an application rate from about 73 g ai/ha to about
8200 g ai/ha based on the total amount of active ingredients in the
composition. In certain embodiments, the composition is applied at
an application rate from about 225 g ai/ha to about 8120 g ai/ha
based on the total amount of active ingredients in the composition.
In certain embodiments, the composition is applied at an
application rate from about 330 g ai/ha to about 416 g ai/ha based
on the total amount of active ingredients in the composition.
[0031] The components of the mixtures described herein can be
applied as a tank-mix or as part of a mixture or multipart
herbicidal system. In some embodiments, all three components may be
formulated together (e.g., in the same formulation) or separately
(e.g., in separate formulations) and applied simultaneously.
Alternatively, two of the three components can be formulated
together (e.g., penoxsulam and triclopyr) and the third component
formulated separately and the two formulations applied
simultaneously.
[0032] In one embodiment, the compositions exhibit synergy against
a variety of weeds. In one embodiment, the combination of
penoxsulam or salt thereof, triclopyr or salt or ester thereof, and
bispyribac or salt or ester thereof in a ratio of about 1:8.33:1.73
to about 1:8.33:1.28 exhibits greater than about 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
15, 18, 20, 21, 22.5, 24, 25, 27, 45, 50, 55. 97 or 99% control
compared to the Colby predicted value at 6-40 days after
application (DAA).
[0033] In another embodiment, the compositions exhibit synergy in
reducing crop injury. In one embodiment, the combination of
penoxsulam or salt thereof, triclopyr or salt or ester thereof, and
bispyribac or salt or ester thereof in a ratio of about 1:8.33:1.73
to about 1:8.33:1.28 exhibits reductions of about 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 12, 14, or 15% crop injury compared to the Colby predicted
value at 6-27 days after application (DAA).
[0034] In another embodiment, the compositions exhibit synergy
against a variety of weeds, including but not limited to, Digitaria
species (DIGSS), Echinochloa colonum (L.) LINK (junglerice, ECHCO),
Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass, ISCRU) and Rottboellia exaltata
(guineafowlgrass, ROOEX).
[0035] In a further embodiment, the combination of penoxsulam or
salt thereof, triclopyr or salt or ester thereof, and bispyribac or
salt or ester thereof in a ratio of about 1:8.33:1.73 to about
1:8.33:1.28 exhibits (1) greater than about 95 or 98% control of
DIGSS compared to the Colby predicted value; (2) greater than about
97% control of ECHCO compared to the Colby predicted value; (3)
greater than about 15, 20, 22.5, 25, 45, 50, 55, 97, or 99% control
of ISCRU compared to the Colby predicted value; and/or (4) greater
than about 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 98% control of ROOEX compared to
the Colby predicted value at 6-40 days after application.
[0036] In one embodiment, the combination of penoxsulam or salt
thereof, triclopyr or salt or ester thereof, and bispyribac or salt
or ester thereof in a ratio of about 1:8.33:1.73 to about
1:8.33:1.28 exhibits less than about 7, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1
or 0.5% crop injury compared to the Colby predicted value at 6-27
DAA.
[0037] In another embodiment, the compositions exhibit safening
activity to a variety of crops, including but not limited to, rice,
wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, corn, maize, sugarcane,
pastures, grasslands, rangelands, fallowland, non-cropland, turf,
industrial vegetation management (IVM) and aquatics.
[0038] In a further embodiment, the combination of penoxsulam or
salt thereof, triclopyr or salt or ester thereof, and bispyribac or
salt or ester thereof in a ratio of about 1:8.33:1.73 to about
1:8.33:1.28 exhibits less than about 7, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1,
or 0.5% crop injury to ORYSA compared to the Colby predicted value
at 6-27 days after application.
[0039] B. Other Actives
[0040] The mixtures described herein can be applied in conjunction
with one or more other herbicides to control a wider variety of
undesirable vegetation. When used in conjunction with other
herbicides, the composition can be formulated with the other
herbicide or herbicides, tank-mixed with the other herbicide or
herbicides or applied sequentially with the other herbicide or
herbicides. Some of the herbicides that can be employed in
conjunction with the compositions and methods described herein
include, but are not limited to: 4-CPA, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 2,4-D,
2,4-DB, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 3,4-DP, 2,3,6-TBA,
2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TB, acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein,
alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, allyl alcohol, alorac,
ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron,
aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, amiprofos-methyl, amitrole,
ammonium sulfamate, anilifos, anisuron, asulam, atraton, atrazine,
azafenidin, azimsulfuron, aziprotryne, barban, BCPC, beflubutamid,
benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate,
bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazon-sodium, benthiocarb,
benzadox, benzfendizone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzofenap,
benzofluor, benzoylprop, benzthiazuron, bicyclopyrone, bifenox,
bilanafos, borax, bromacil, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim,
bromoxynil, brompyrazon, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos,
butenachlor, buthidazole, buthiuron, butralin, butroxydim, buturon,
butylate, cacodylic acid, cafenstrole, calcium chlorate, calcium
cyanamide, cambendichlor, carbasulam, carbetamide, carboxazole,
chlorprocarb, carfentrazone-ethyl, CDEA, CEPC, chlomethoxyfen,
chloramben, chloranocryl, chlorazifop, chlorazine, chlorbromuron,
chlorbufam, chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole,
chlorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlornitrofen, chloropon,
chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chloroxynil, chlorpropham,
chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthiamid, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin,
cinosulfuron, cisanilide, clacyfos, clethodim, cliodinate,
clodinafop-propargyl, clofop, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop,
cloproxydim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, CMA, copper sulfate,
CPMF, CPPC, credazine, cresol, cumyluron, cyanatryn, cyanazine,
cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyhalofop-butyl,
cyperquat, cyprazine, cyprazole, cypromid, daimuron, dalapon,
dazomet, delachlor, desmedipham, desmetryn, di-allate, dicamba,
dichlobenil, dichloralurea, dichlormate, dichlorprop,
dichlorprop-P, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, diethamquat, diethatyl,
difenopenten, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflufenican,
diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor,
dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimexano, dimidazon,
dinitramine, dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb,
diphenamid, dipropetryn, diquat, disul, dithiopyr, diuron, DMPA,
DNOC, DSMA, EBEP, eglinazine, endothal, epronaz, EPTC, erbon,
esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethidimuron, ethiolate,
ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, etinofen, etnipromid,
etobenzanid, EXD, fenasulam, fenoprop, fenoxaprop,
fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+isoxadifen-ethyl,
fenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, fenteracol, fenthiaprop,
fentrazamide, fenuron, ferrous sulfate, flamprop, flamprop-M,
flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P-butyl,
fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin,
flufenacet, flufenican, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumezin,
flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, fluometuron,
fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen,
fluothiuron, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron,
fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet,
fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine, fumiclorac, furyloxyfen,
glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P-ammonium,
glyphosate, halauxifen, halosafen, halosulfuron-methyl,
haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexachloroacetone,
hexaflurate, hexazinone, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic,
imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan,
indaziflam, iodobonil, iodomethane, iodosulfuron,
iodosulfuron-ethyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, ioxynil, ipazine,
ipfencarbazone, iprymidam, isocarbamid, isocil, isomethiozin,
isonoruron, isopolinate, isopropalin, isoproturon, isouron,
isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, karbutilate,
ketospiradox, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MAA, MAMA, MCPA esters
and amines, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, medinoterb,
mefenacet, mefluidide, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesotrione,
metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron,
metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron, methalpropalin, methazole,
methiobencarb, methiozolin, methiuron, methometon, methoprotryne,
methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, methyldymron, metobenzuron,
metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin,
metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monalide, monisouron,
monochloroacetic acid, monolinuron, monuron, morfamquat, MSMA,
naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon,
nicosulfuron, nipyraclofen, nitralin, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen,
norflurazon, noruron, OCH, orbencarb, ortho-dichlorobenzene,
orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxapyrazon,
oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, parafluron, paraquat,
pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, pentachlorophenol,
pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamid, phenisopham,
phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenylmercury
acetate, picloram, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, potassium
arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, pretilachlor,
primisulfuron-methyl, procyazine, prodiamine, profluazol,
profluralin, profoxydim, proglinazine, prohexadione-calcium,
prometon, prometryn, pronamide, propachlor, propanil,
propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone,
propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb,
prosulfuron, proxan, prynachlor, pydanon, pyraclonil,
pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazogyl, pyrazolynate,
pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid,
pyriminobac, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone,
pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinonamid,
quizalofop, quizalofop-P-ethyl, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine,
simeton, simetryn, SMA, S-metolachlor, sodium arsenite, sodium
azide, sodium chlorate, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone,
sulfometuron, sulfosate, sulfosulfuron, sulfuric acid, sulglycapin,
swep, TCA, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione,
tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbumeton,
terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetrafluron, thenylchlor, thiazafluron,
thiazopyr, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone-methyl,
thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil,
tioclorim, tolpyralate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone,
tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron,
tribenuron-methyl, tricamba, tridiphane, trietazine,
trifloxysulfuron, trifludimoxazin, trifluralin, triflusulfuron,
trifop, trifopsime, trihydroxytriazine, trimeturon, tripropindan,
tritac, tritosulfuron, vernolate, xylachlor and salts, esters,
optically active isomers and mixtures thereof.
[0041] The synergistic composition described herein can, further,
be used in conjunction with glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba,
phenoxy auxins, pyridyloxy auxins, aryloxyphenoxypropionates,
acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, imidazolinones,
acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate
dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)
inhibitors, triazines, and bromoxynil on glyphosate-tolerant,
glufosinate-tolerant, dicamba-tolerant, phenoxy auxin-tolerant,
pyridyloxy auxin-tolerant, aryloxyphenoxypropionate-tolerant,
ACCase-tolerant, imidazolinone-tolerant, ALS-tolerant,
HPPD-tolerant, PPO-tolerant, triazine-tolerant, bromoxynil-tolerant
crops, and crops possessing multiple or stacked traits conferring
tolerance to multiple chemistries and/or multiple modes-of-action.
In some embodiments, the composition described herein, an
agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof and a complementary
herbicide or salt or ester thereof are used in combination with
herbicides that are selective for the crop being treated and which
complement the spectrum of weeds controlled by these compounds at
the application rate employed. In some embodiments, the composition
described herein and other complementary herbicides are applied at
the same time, either as a combination formulation or as a tank
mix.
[0042] C. Safeners
[0043] In some embodiments, the synergistic composition described
herein is employed in combination with known herbicide safeners,
such as AD-67 (MON 4660), benoxacor, benthiocarb, brassinolide,
cloquintocet (mexyl), cyometrinil, daimuron, dichlormid,
dicyclonon, dimepiperate, disulfoton, fenchlorazole-ethyl,
fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, harpin proteins,
isoxadifen-ethyl, jiecaowan, jiecaoxi, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate,
MG 191, naphthalic anhydride (NA), oxabetrinil, R29148 and
N-phenyl-sulfonylbenzoic acid amides,
1-[4-(N-(2-methoxybenzoyl)sulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea,
N-(2-methoxybenzoyl)-4-[(methylaminocarbonyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide,
to enhance their selectivity. In some embodiments, the safener is
cloquintocet or an ester or salt thereof. In certain embodiments,
cloquintocet is utilized to antagonize harmful effects of the
compositions on rice and cereals. In some embodiments, the safener
is cloquintocet (mexyl).
[0044] D. Adjuvants/Carriers
[0045] In some embodiments, the synergistic composition provided
herein further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable
adjuvant or carrier. Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be
phytotoxic to valuable crops, particularly at the concentrations
employed in applying the compositions for selective weed control in
the presence of crops, and should not react chemically with
herbicidal components or other composition ingredients. Such
mixtures can be designed for application directly to weeds or their
locus or can be concentrates or formulations that are normally
diluted with additional carriers and adjuvants before application.
They can be solids, such as, for example, dusts, granules,
water-dispersible granules, or wettable powders, or liquids, such
as, for example, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, emulsions or
suspensions. They can also be provided as a pre-mix or
tank-mixed.
[0046] Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers include, but
are not limited to, crop oil concentrate; nonylphenol ethoxylate;
benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salt; blend of
petroleum hydrocarbon, alkyl esters, organic acid, and anionic
surfactant; C.sub.9-C.sub.11 alkylpolyglycoside; phosphated alcohol
ethoxylate; natural primary alcohol (C.sub.12-C.sub.16) ethoxylate;
di-sec-butylphenol EO-PO block copolymer; polysiloxane-methyl cap;
nonylphenol ethoxylate+urea ammonium nitrate; emulsified methylated
seed oil; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate (8EO); tallow
amine ethoxylate (15 EO); PEG(400) dioleate-99; paraffinic oil,
alkoxylated alcohol non-ionic surfactant; mineral oil, surfactant
blend.
[0047] Liquid carriers that can be employed include water and
organic solvents. The organic solvents include, but are not limited
to, petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons such as mineral oil,
aromatic solvents, paraffinic oils, and the like; vegetable oils
such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower
seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm
oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like;
esters of the above vegetable oils; esters of monoalcohols or
dihydric, trihydric, or other lower polyalcohols (4-6 hydroxy
containing), such as 2-ethyl hexyl stearate, n-butyl oleate,
isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol dioleate, di-octyl succinate,
di-butyl adipate, di-octyl phthalate and the like; esters of mono,
di and polycarboxylic acids and the like. Specific organic solvents
include, but are not limited to toluene, xylene, petroleum naphtha,
crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone,
trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate,
butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene
glycol monomethyl ether, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl
alcohol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
glycerine, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethyl alkylamides,
dimethyl sulfoxide, liquid fertilizers and the like. In certain
embodiments, water is the carrier of choice for the dilution of
concentrates.
[0048] Suitable solid carriers include, but are not limited to,
talc, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay,
kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate,
bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour,
soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin,
cellulose, and the like.
[0049] In some embodiments, the composition described herein
further comprises one or more surface-active agents. In some
embodiments, such surface-active agents are employed in both solid
and liquid compositions, and in certain embodiments those designed
to be diluted with carrier before application. The surface-active
agents can be anionic, cationic or nonionic in character and can be
employed as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, suspending agents,
or for other purposes. Surfactants which may also be used in the
present formulations are described, inter alia, in McCutcheon's
Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual," MC Publishing Corporation:
Ridgewood, N J, 1998, and in Encyclopedia of Surfactants, Vol.
I-III, Chemical Publishing Company: New York, 1980-81.
Surface-active agents include, but are not limited to, salts of
alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate;
alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate;
alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as
nonylphenol-C.sub.18 ethoxylate; alcohol-alkylene oxide addition
products, such as tridecyl alcohol-C.sub.16 ethoxylate; soaps, such
as sodium stearate; alkyl-naphthalene-sulfonate salts, such as
sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of
sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)
sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate;
quaternary amines, such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride;
polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene
glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene
oxide; salts of mono and dialkyl phosphate esters; vegetable or
seed oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed/canola oil, olive oil,
castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed
oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil,
tung oil and the like; and esters of the above vegetable oils, and
in certain embodiments, methyl esters.
[0050] In some embodiments, these materials, such as vegetable or
seed oils and their esters, can be used interchangeably as an
agricultural adjuvant, as a liquid carrier or as a surface active
agent.
[0051] Other exemplary additives for use in the compositions
provided herein include, but are not limited to, compatibilizing
agents, antifoam agents, sequestering agents, neutralizing agents
and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, odorants, spreading
agents, penetration aids, sticking agents, dispersing agents,
thickening agents, freezing point depressants, antimicrobial
agents, and the like. The compositions may also contain other
compatible components, for example, other herbicides, plant growth
regulants, fungicides, insecticides, and the like and can be
formulated with liquid fertilizers or solid, particulate fertilizer
carriers such as ammonium nitrate, urea and the like.
III. METHODS OF USE
[0052] Methods of controlling undesirable vegetation by contacting
the vegetation or the locus thereof, i.e., area adjacent to the
vegetation, with a herbicidally effective amount of (a) penoxsulam
or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, (b) triclopyr or
agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, and (c)
bispyribac or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof are
described herein. In certain embodiments, the methods employ the
compositions described herein.
[0053] Methods of safening herbicidal injury to crops, such as
rice, by contacting the vegetation or the locus thereof, i.e., area
adjacent to the vegetation, with a herbicidally effective amount of
(a) penoxsulam or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, (b)
triclopyr or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof and
(c) bispyribac or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof
are also described. In certain embodiments, the methods employ the
compositions described herein.
[0054] In some embodiments, the compounds and compositions provided
herein are utilized to control undesirable vegetation in rice. In
certain embodiments, the undesirable vegetation is Brachiaria
platyphylla (Groseb.) Nash (broadleaf signalgrass, BRAPP),
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass, DIGSA),
Digitaria species (DIGSS), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.
(barnyardgrass, ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (L.) LINK (junglerice,
ECHCO), Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch (early watergrass,
ECHOR), Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger (late watergrass,
ECHPH), Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. (saramollagrass, ISCRU),
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees (Chinese sprangletop, LEFCH),
Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray (bearded sprangletop, LEFFA),
Leptochloa panicoides (Presl.) Hitchc. (Amazon sprangletop, LEFPA),
Panicum dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx. (fall panicum, PANDI), Paspalum
dilatatum Poir. (dallisgrass, PASDI), Cyperus difformis L.
(small-flower flatsedge, CYPDI), Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow
nutsedge, CYPES), Cyperus iria L. (rice flatsedge, CYPIR), Cyperus
rotundus L. (purple nutsedge, CYPRO), Eleocharis species (ELOSS),
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (globe fringerush, FIMMI),
Schoenoplectus juncoides Roxb. (Japanese bulrush, SCPJU),
Schoenoplectus maritimus L. (sea clubrush, SCPMA), Schoenoplectus
mucronatus L. (ricefield bulrush, SCPMU), Aeschynomene species,
(jointvetch, AESSS), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.
(alligatorweed, ALRPH), Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (common
waterplantain, ALSPA), Amaranthus species, (pigweeds and amaranths,
AMASS), Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (redstem, AMMCO), Eclipta alba
(L.) Hassk. (American false daisy, ECLAL), Heteranthera limosa
(SW.) Willd./Vahl (ducksalad, HETLI), Heteranthera reniformis R.
& P. (roundleaf mudplantain, HETRE), Ipomoea hederacea (L.)
Jacq. (ivyleaf morningglory, IPOHE), Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell
(low false pimpernel, LIDDU), Monochoria korsakowii Regel &
Maack (monochoria, MOOKA), Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) C. Presl
ex Kuhth, (monochoria, MOOVA), Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan
(doveweed, MUDNU), Polygonum pensylvanicum L., (Pennsylvania
smartweed, POLPY), Polygonum persicaria L. (ladysthumb, POLPE),
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (mild smartweed, POLHP),
Rottboellia exaltata (guineafowlgrass, ROOEX), Rotala indica
(Willd.) Koehne (Indian toothcup, ROTIN), Sagittaria species,
(arrowhead, SAGSS), Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory/Rydb. Ex Hill
(hemp sesbania, SEBEX), or Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. (gooseweed,
SPDZE).
[0055] In some embodiments, the methods provided herein are
utilized to control undesirable vegetation found in row crops,
cereal crops, tree and vine crops, perennial crops and
non-crop/IVM. In certain embodiments, the undesirable vegetation is
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass, ALOMY), Amaranthus
palmeri S. Wats. (Palmer amaranth, AMAPA), Avena fatua L. (wild
oat, AVEFA), Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. or Urochloa decumbens
(Stapf) R. D. Webster (Surinam grass, BRADC), Brachiaria brizantha
(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. or Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.
Rich.) R. D. (beard grass, BRABR), Brachiaria platyphylla (Groseb.)
Nash or Urochloa platyphylla (Nash) R. D. Webster (broadleaf
signalgrass, BRAPP), Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc. or
Urochloa plantaginea (Link) R. D. Webster (alexandergrass, BRAPL),
Cenchrus echinatus L. (southern sandbur, CENEC), Digitaria
horizontalis Willd. (Jamaican crabgrass, DIGHO), Digitaria
insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman (sourgrass, TRCIN), Digitaria
sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass, DIGSA), Echinochloa
crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (barnyardgrass, ECHCG), Echinochloa
colonum (L.) Link (junglerice, ECHCO), Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.
(goosegrass, ELEIN), Lolium multiflorum Lam (Italian ryegrass,
LOLMU), Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (fall panicum, PANDI),
Panicum miliaceum L. (wild-proso millet, PANMI), Sesbania exaltata
(Raf.) Cory/Rydb. Ex Hill (hemp sesbania, SEBEX), Setaria faberi
Herrm. (giant foxtail, SETFA), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green
foxtail, SETVI), Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass,
SORHA), Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. Arundinaceum (shattercane,
SORVU), Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow nutsedge, CYPES), Cyperus
rotundus L. (purple nutsedge, CYPRO), Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
(velvetleaf, ABUTH), Amaranthus species (pigweeds and amaranths,
AMASS), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed, AMBEL),
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (western ragweed, AMBPS), Ambrosia
trifida L. (giant ragweed, AMBTR), Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht.
(spurred anoda, ANVCR), Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed,
ASCSY), Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks, BIDPI), Borreria
species (BOISS), Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. or Spermacoce alata
Aubl. (broadleaf buttonweed, BOILF), Spermacose latifolia
(broadleaved button weed, BOILF), Chenopodium album L. (common
lambsquarters, CHEAL), Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle,
CIRAR), Commelina benghalensis L. (tropical spiderwort, COMBE),
Datura stramonium L. (jimsonweed, DATST), Daucus carota L. (wild
carrot, DAUCA), Euphorbia heterophylla L. (wild poinsettia, EPHHL),
Euphorbia hirta L. or Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. (garden spurge,
EPHHI), Euphorbia dentata Michx. (toothed spurge, EPHDE), Erigeron
bonariensis L. or Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. (hairy fleabane,
ERIBO), Erigeron canadensis L. or Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.
(horseweed, ERICA), Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. H. Walker (tall
fleabane, ERIFL), Helianthus annuus L. (common sunflower, HELAN),
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. (smallflower morningglory,
IAQTA), Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. (ivyleaf morningglory, IPOHE),
Ipomoea lacunosa L. (white morningglory, IPOLA), Lactuca serriola
L./Torn. (prickly lettuce, LACSE), Portulaca oleracea L. (common
purslane, POROL), Richardia species (pusley, RCHSS), Salsola tragus
L. (Russian thistle, SASKR), Sida species (sida, SIDSS), Sida
spinosa L. (prickly sida, SIDSP), Sinapis arvensis L. (wild
mustard, SINAR), Solanum ptychanthum Dunal (eastern black
nightshade, SOLPT), Tridax procumbens L. (coat buttons, TRQPR), or
Xanthium strumarium L. (common cocklebur, XANST).
[0056] In some embodiments, the methods provided herein are
utilized to control undesirable vegetation in range and pasture. In
certain embodiments, the undesirable vegetation is Amaranthus
palmeri S. Wats. (Palmer amaranth, AMAPA), Ambrosia artemisiifolia
L. (common ragweed, AMBEL), Ambrosia trifida L. (giant ragweed,
AMBTR), Cassia obtusifolia (sickle pod, CASOB), Centaurea maculosa
auct. non Lam. (spotted knapweed, CENMA), Cirsium arvense (L.)
Scop. (Canada thistle, CIRAR), Convolvulus arvensis L. (field
bindweed, CONAR), Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. (horseweed, ERICA),
Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge, EPHES), Lactuca serriola L./Torn.
(prickly lettuce, LACSE), Plantago lanceolata L. (buckhorn
plantain, PLALA), Rumex obtusifolius L. (broadleaf dock, RUMOB),
Salsola tragus L. (Russian thistle, SASKR), Sesbania exaltata
(Raf.) Cory/Rydb. Ex Hill (hemp sesbania, SEBEX), Sida spinosa L.
(prickly sida, SIDSP), Sida species (sida, SIDSS), Sinapis arvensis
L. (wild mustard, SINAR), Sonchus arvensis L. (perennial
sowthistle, SONAR), Solidago species (goldenrod, SOOSS), Taraxacum
officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers (dandelion, TAROF), Trifolium
repens L. (white clover, TRFRE), or Urtica dioica L. (common
nettle, URTDI).
[0057] In some embodiments, the methods provided herein are
utilized to control herbicide resistant or tolerant weeds.
Exemplary resistant or tolerant weeds include, but are not limited
to, biotypes resistant or tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)
or acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors (e.g.,
imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, pyrimidinylthiobenzoates,
dimethoxy-pyrimidines, triazolopyrimidine sulfonamides,
sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones), photosystem II inhibitors
(e.g., phenylcarbamates, pyridazinones, triazines, triazinones,
uracils, amides, ureas, benzothiadiazinones, nitriles,
phenylpyridazines), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors
(e.g., aryloxyphenoxypropionates, cyclohexanediones,
phenylpyrazolines), synthetic auxins (e.g., benzoic acids,
phenoxycarboxylic acids, pyridine carboxylic acids, quinoline
carboxylic acids), auxin transport inhibitors (e.g., phthalamates,
semicarbazones), photosystem I inhibitors (e.g., bipyridyliums),
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors
(e.g., glyphosate), glutamine synthetase inhibitors (e.g.,
glufosinate, bialafos), microtubule assembly inhibitors (e.g.,
benzamides, benzoic acids, dinitroanilines, phosphoramidates,
pyridines), mitosis inhibitors (e.g., carbamates), very long chain
fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibitors (e.g., acetamides, chloroacetamides,
oxyacetamides, tetrazolinones), fatty acid and lipid synthesis
inhibitors (e.g., phosphorodithioates, thiocarbamates,
benzofuranes, chlorocarbonic acids), protoporphyrinogen oxidase
(PPO) inhibitors (e.g., diphenylethers, N-phenylphthalimides,
oxadiazoles, oxazolidinediones, phenylpyrazoles, pyrimidinediones,
thiadiazoles, triazolinones), carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors
(e.g., clomazone, amitrole, aclonifen), phytoene desaturase (PDS)
inhibitors (e.g., amides, anilidex, furanones, phenoxybutanamides,
pyridiazinones, pyridines), 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase
(HPPD) inhibitors (e.g., callistemones, isoxazoles, pyrazoles,
triketones), cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., nitriles,
benzamides, quinclorac, triazolocarboxamides), herbicides with
multiple modes of action such as quinclorac, and unclassified
herbicides such as arylaminopropionic acids, difenzoquat,
endothall, and organoarsenicals. Exemplary resistant or tolerant
weeds include, but are not limited to, biotypes with resistance or
tolerance to single or multiple herbicides, biotypes with
resistance or tolerance to single or multiple chemical classes,
biotypes with resistance or tolerance to single or multiple
herbicide modes of action, and biotypes with single or multiple
resistance or tolerance mechanisms (e.g., target site resistance or
metabolic resistance).
[0058] The described embodiments and following examples are for
illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of
the claims. Other modifications, uses, or combinations with respect
to the compositions described herein will be apparent to a person
of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and
scope of the claimed subject matter.
Example 1
Evaluation of Postemergence Herbicidal Activity of Mixtures in the
Field
[0059] Methodology
[0060] Field trials were conducted in rice using standard herbicide
small plot research methodology. The plot sizes were from 2.times.6
meter (m) to 5.times.5 meter with 4 replicates per treatment or
single plot of 6.times.15 meter with 10 subsamples inside the plot.
The rice crop was grown using normal cultural practices for
fertilization, seeding, watering, flooding and maintenance to
ensure good growth of the crop and the weeds.
[0061] All treatments in the field trials were applied using a
compressed air backpack sprayer calibrated to apply 160 to 200
liters per hectare (L/ha) spray volume. Commercially available
products of the premix penoxsulam plus triclopyr (GraspXTRA.RTM.
herbicide, trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC) and bispyribac-sodium
were mixed in water at appropriately formulated product rates to
achieve the desired rates based on a unit area of application
(hectare) to achieve the desired rates as shown. Bispyribac was
used as Nominee.RTM. 100SC or Nominee.RTM. 400SC. Treatments were
evaluated at 6 to 40 days after application as compared to the
untreated control plants.
[0062] The weed spectrum included, but was not limited to,
Brachiaria platyphylla (Groseb.) Nash (broadleaf signalgrass,
BRAPP), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass, DIGSA),
Digitaria species (DIGSS), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.
(barnyardgrass, ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (L.) LINK (junglerice,
ECHCO), Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch (early watergrass,
ECHOR), Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger (late watergrass,
ECHPH), Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. (saramollagrass, ISCRU),
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees (Chinese sprangletop, LEFCH),
Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray (bearded sprangletop, LEFFA),
Leptochloa panicoides (Presl.) Hitchc. (Amazon sprangletop, LEFPA),
Panicum dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx. (fall panicum, PANDI), Paspalum
dilatatum Poir. (dallisgrass, PASDI), Cyperus difformis L.
(small-flower flatsedge, CYPDI), Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow
nutsedge, CYPES), Cyperus iria L. (rice flatsedge, CYPIR), Cyperus
rotundus L. (purple nutsedge, CYPRO), Eleocharis species (ELOSS),
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (globe fringerush, FIMMI),
Schoenoplectus juncoides Roxb. (Japanese bulrush, SCPJU),
Schoenoplectus maritimus L. (sea clubrush, SCPMA), Schoenoplectus
mucronatus L. (ricefield bulrush, SCPMU), Aeschynomene species,
(jointvetch, AESSS), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.
(alligatorweed, ALRPH), Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (common
waterplantain, ALSPA), Amaranthus species, (pigweeds and amaranths,
AMASS), Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (redstem, AMMCO), Eclipta alba
(L.) Hassk. (American false daisy, ECLAL), Heteranthera limosa
(SW.) Willd./Vahl (ducksalad, HETLI), Heteranthera reniformis R.
& P. (roundleaf mudplantain, HETRE), Ipomoea hederacea (L.)
Jacq. (ivyleaf morningglory, IPOHE), Lindemia dubia (L.) Pennell
(low false pimpernel, LIDDU), Monochoria korsakowii Regel &
Maack (monochoria, MOOKA), Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) C. Presl
ex Kuhth, (monochoria, MOOVA), Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan
(doveweed, MUDNU), Polygonum pensylvanicum L., (Pennsylvania
smartweed, POLPY), Polygonum persicaria L. (ladysthumb, POLPE),
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (mild smartweed, POLHP),
Rottboellia exaltata (guineafowlgrass, ROOEX), Rotala indica
(Willd.) Koehne (Indian toothcup, ROTIN), Sagittaria species,
(arrowhead, SAGSS), Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory/Rydb. Ex Hill
(hemp sesbania, SEBEX), or Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. (gooseweed,
SPDZE).
[0063] The following abbreviations are used in the tables
below:
[0064] g ai/ha=grams active ingredient per hectare
[0065] DAA=Days After Application
[0066] DIGSS=Digitaria species (DIGSS)
[0067] ECHCO=Echinochloa colonum (L.) LINK (junglerice, ECHCO)
[0068] ISCRU=Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. (saramollagrass)
[0069] ROOEX=Rottboellia exaltata (guineafowlgrass)
[0070] Evaluation
[0071] The treated plots and control plots were rated blind at
various intervals after application. Ratings were based on a
Percent (%) Visual Control basis, where 0% corresponds to no visual
effect as exemplified by weed control or crop injury and 100%
corresponds to complete kill of the target weeds or complete crop
injury.
[0072] Colby's equation was used to determine the herbicidal
effects expected from the mixtures (Colby, S.R. Calculation of the
synergistic and antagonistic response of herbicide combinations.
Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22).
[0073] The following equation was used to calculate the expected
activity of mixtures containing three active ingredients, A. B, and
C:
Expected=A+B+C-(AB+AC+BC)/100+(ABC)/10,000 [0074] A=observed
efficacy of active ingredient A at the same concentration as used
in the mixture; [0075] B=observed efficacy of active ingredient B
at the same concentration as used in the mixture; [0076] C=observed
efficacy of active ingredient C at the same concentration as used
in the mixture.
[0077] However, the experiments described herein were performed
such that active ingredients A and B were combined and only the
efficacy of the combination was determined. As such, Colby's
equation simplifies to
Expected=Z+C-(Z.times.C/100) [0078] Z=observed efficacy a
combination of active ingredient A (penoxsulam) and active
ingredient B (triclopyr) at the same concentration as used in the
mixture; [0079] C=observed efficacy of active ingredient C
(bispyribac) at the same concentration as used in the mixture.
[0080] Compounds tested, application rates employed, plant species
tested, and results are given in Tables 1-2. All comparisons are an
average of 4-10 replicates and are significant at the P>0.05
level. Rates of penoxsulam+triclopyr and bispyribac are expressed
in grams active ingredient/hectare (g ai/ha).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions of Penoxsulam plus Triclopyr Tank-Mixed with
Bispyribac-Sodium on Digitaria species (DIGSS), Echinochloa colonum
(L.) LINK (junglerice, ECHCO), Ischaemum rugosum (Saramollagrass,
ISCRU), and Rottboellia exaltata (Guineafowlgrass, ROOEX) Control
in the Field Penoxsulam + Mixture Number of Triclopyr
Bispyribac-Sodium Observed Expected Days after Application Percent
Application Percent Percent (%) Percent (%) Application Rate (%)
Visual Rate (%) Visual Visual Visual Bayer Code (DAA) (g ai/ha)
Control (g ai/ha) Control Control Control DIGSS 6 364 90 50 93 100
99.35 DIGSS 17 364 52 50 88 99.2 94.4 ECHCO 30 350 73 52 86.25 100
96.55 ISCRU 12 280 0 50 30 52.5 30 ISCRU 12 364 0 50 30 75 30 ISCRU
27 280 0 50 9.25 65 9.25 ISCRU 27 364 0 50 9.25 65 9.25 ISCRU 6 364
0 50 0 100 0 ISCRU 17 364 0 50 0 99.3 0 ISCRU 40 364 0 50 0 97.7 0
ISCRU 16 364 0 50 46.8 62.5 46.8 ISCRU 32 364 0 50 0 50 0 ROOEX 16
364 0 50 87.3 98.5 87.3 ROOEX 32 364 0 50 69.5 96.5 69.5
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Safening Activity of Herbicidal Compositions
of Penoxsulam plus Triclopyr Tank-Mixed with Bispyribac-Sodium to
Rice (Oryza Sativa, ORYSA) in the Field Penoxsulam + Number of
Triclopyr Bispyribac-Sodium Mixture Days after Application Percent
Application Percent Observed Expected Application Rate (%) Crop
Rate (%) Crop Percent (%) Percent (%) Bayer Code (DAA) (g ai/ha)
Injury (g ai/ha) Injury Crop Injury Crop Injury ORYSA 6 364 2.1 50
2.2 1.4 4.25 ORYSA 17 364 5.4 50 0.9 0 6.21 ORYSA 27 280 2.5 50 3
2.5 5.42 ORYSA 27 364 2.75 50 3 2.5 5.67
[0081] The compositions and methods of the appended claims are not
limited in scope by the specific compositions and methods described
herein, which are intended as illustrations of a few aspects of the
claims and any compositions and methods that are functionally
equivalent are intended to fall within the scope of the claims.
Various modifications of the compositions and methods in addition
to those shown and described herein are intended to fall within the
scope of the appended claims. Further, while only certain
representative composition materials and method steps disclosed
herein are specifically described, other combinations of the
composition materials and method steps also are intended to fall
within the scope of the appended claims, even if not specifically
recited. Thus, a combination of steps, elements, components, or
constituents may be explicitly mentioned herein; however, other
combinations of steps, elements, components, and constituents are
included, even though not explicitly stated. The term "comprising"
and variations thereof as used herein is used synonymously with the
term "including" and variations thereof and are open, non-limiting
terms. Although the terms "comprising" and "including" have been
used herein to describe various embodiments, the terms "consisting
essentially of" and "consisting of" can be used in place of
"comprising" and "including" to provide for more specific
embodiments of the invention and are also disclosed.
* * * * *