U.S. patent application number 15/015455 was filed with the patent office on 2016-06-09 for inert ied training kits.
The applicant listed for this patent is DSA DETECTION LLC. Invention is credited to Timothy B. Burton, Abiy Eshetu, John D. Howell, Mathew F. Rutter, Timothy James Winnett.
Application Number | 20160161228 15/015455 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 54141789 |
Filed Date | 2016-06-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160161228 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Eshetu; Abiy ; et
al. |
June 9, 2016 |
INERT IED TRAINING KITS
Abstract
Disclosed herein are embodiments of simulated explosive
materials and Threat Screening Kits and simulated IED Circuit Kits
including simulated explosive materials. The simulated explosive
materials are configured to produce an output signal consistent
with the presence of an actual explosive material when scanned in
an X-ray scanner.
Inventors: |
Eshetu; Abiy; (Arlington,
MA) ; Burton; Timothy B.; (Danville, NH) ;
Howell; John D.; (Waynesville, NC) ; Rutter; Mathew
F.; (Boston, MA) ; Winnett; Timothy James;
(Derry, NH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DSA DETECTION LLC |
North Andover |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
54141789 |
Appl. No.: |
15/015455 |
Filed: |
February 4, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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14334997 |
Jul 18, 2014 |
9291436 |
|
|
15015455 |
|
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|
61931456 |
Jan 24, 2014 |
|
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61857531 |
Jul 23, 2013 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
434/11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C06B 23/00 20130101;
F42B 4/18 20130101; F42B 8/28 20130101; G01N 33/22 20130101; F42B
8/00 20130101; F42B 99/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F42B 8/00 20060101
F42B008/00; F42B 4/18 20060101 F42B004/18 |
Claims
1. A simulated IED Circuit Kit comprising: an explosive simulant
comprising one or more inert components and having a density
substantially similar to an explosive material; a simulated
blasting cap adjacent to the explosive simulant; a trigger switch;
and a power source.
2. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, wherein the trigger
switch includes one or more of a mousetrap switch, a clothes pin
switch, a wireless doorbell receiver, a vibration switch, a reed
switch, a cell phone dummy, a two-way radio, a cordless telephone,
a passive infrared receiver, a pair of saw blades, a pressure
activated micro switch, a tilt switch, a mercury switch, a digital
clock, a mechanical clock, a kitchen timer, a servo motor, a
temperature switch, a photo cell, and a wire loop switch.
3. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, wherein the explosive
simulant consists essentially of three or more inert components,
the density of the simulated explosive material being within a
range of from about 0.8 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm.sup.3) to
about 4.7 g/cm.sup.3, the simulated explosive material configured
to produce an output signal consistent with the presence of the
explosive material when scanned in an X-ray scanner, the three or
more inert components including one or more of sugar, baking soda,
corn starch, or calcium chloride.
4. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, wherein the explosive
simulant includes one of: a mixture of brown sugar and one or more
of corn syrup, baking soda, water, and oil; a mixture of baking
soda and one or more of corn syrup, corn starch, water, oil, and
paraffin wax; a mixture of confectioner sugar and one or more of
corn starch and corn syrup; a mixture of, corn starch, baking soda,
water, and oil; a mixture of glycerin, corn starch, alumina, and
hydrogen peroxide; and a mixture of, corn starch, water, and
oil.
5. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, wherein the explosive
simulant includes one of brown sugar and cane sugar.
6. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, wherein the explosive
simulant includes one of black sand and charcoal.
7. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, wherein the explosive
simulant comprises two or more inert components and having a
density substantially similar to a plastic explosive, the density
of the simulated explosive material being within a range of from
about 1.3 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm.sup.3) to about 1.72
g/cm.sup.3, the simulated explosive material configured to produce
an output signal consistent with the presence of the plastic
explosive when scanned in an X-ray scanner, the two or more inert
components selected from among the components of one of the groups
consisting of: baking soda and corn starch; baking soda and
paraffin wax; sugar and corn syrup; corn starch, baking soda, and
glycerin; or alumina and hydrogen peroxide.
8. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, further comprising an
arming switch in electrical communication between the power source
and the simulated blasting cap.
9. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 1, further comprising an
indicator configured to illuminate responsive to an action being
taken that would have resulted in the explosive simulant, had it
been real, being detonated.
10. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 9, wherein the indicator
is configured to illuminate upon a charge being sent to the
simulated blasting cap.
11. A simulated IED Circuit Kit comprising: a simulated pipe bomb
mounted on a substrate board; a trigger switch mounted on the
substrate board; electrical wiring extending between the simulated
pipe bomb and the trigger switch; and a power source mounted on the
substrate board and in electrical communication with the trigger
switch.
12. The simulated IED Circuit Kit of claim 11, wherein the
simulated pipe bomb includes a window and an indicator light
viewable through the window, the indicator light configured to
illuminate responsive to an action being taken that would have
resulted in the simulated pipe bomb, had it been real, being
detonated.
13. A Threat Screening Kit comprising: a simulated blasting cap
including an explosive simulant; a power source; and a trigger
mechanism in electrical communication between the simulated
blasting cap and the power source.
14. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 13, wherein the simulated
blasting cap includes a metal sleeve disposed within a tube.
15. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 13, wherein the simulated
blasting cap includes a lead tube disposed within a tube.
16. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 13, wherein the trigger
mechanism includes one or more of a mousetrap switch, a clothes pin
switch, a toggle switch, a wireless doorbell receiver, a vibration
switch, a reed switch, a cell phone dummy, a two-way radio, a
cordless telephone, a passive infrared receiver, a pair of saw
blades, a pressure activated micro switch, a tilt switch, a mercury
switch, a digital clock, a mechanical clock, a kitchen timer, a
servo motor, a temperature switch, a photo cell, and a wire loop
switch.
17. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 16, further comprising a
fastener coupled to the trigger mechanism configured to facilitate
attaching the trigger mechanism to a substrate board of a simulated
IED Circuit Kit.
18. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 13, further comprising an
electrical wire connecting the trigger mechanism to the simulated
blasting cap and an electrical wire connecting the power source to
the trigger mechanism.
19. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 13, disposed within one of a
mailing envelope, a padded envelope, a mailing tube, and a shipping
box.
20. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 19, wherein the trigger
switch is configured to activate upon opening of the one of the
mailing envelope, padded envelope, mailing tube, and shipping
box.
21. The Threat Screening Kit of claim 13, disposed within a
greeting card.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.121
as a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/334,997,
titled "INERT IED TRAINING KITS, filed on Jul. 18, 2014, which
claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) to U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 61/931,456, titled "INERT IED TRAINING KITS,"
filed on Jan. 24, 2014, and to U.S. Provisional Application Ser.
No. 61/857,531, titled "INERT IED TRAINING KITS," filed on Jul. 23,
2013, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] Aspects and embodiments of the present invention are
generally directed to inert materials and apparatus which simulate
the look, feel, and/or X-ray response of explosive materials or
devices such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs) or other
potentially harmful devices. The inert materials and apparatus may
be utilized for training of persons to identify actual harmful
devices or testing X-ray devices and other instruments.
[0004] 2. Discussion of Related Art
[0005] In numerous locations, most notably airports and other
transportation hubs, packages, for example, passenger luggage may
be screened for the presence of explosives, improvised explosive
devices, or other potentially harmful devices. The screening
process is often accomplished by the use of X-ray scanners. X-ray
scanners may identify explosive materials by the density of the
material and/or the effective atomic number (Z.sub.eff).
[0006] The two mechanisms primarily responsible for X-Ray
attenuation at the energy levels typically utilized by explosive
detection equipment are photoelectric absorption and Compton
scattering. The photoelectric effect attenuates X-Ray transmission
by absorption of incident X-Ray photons and resultant emission of a
photoelectron and corresponding X-Ray. Compton scattering
attenuates X-Ray transmission by inelastic scattering of incident
X-Ray photons, resulting in a recoil electron and an emitted photon
with lower energy. The attenuation of transmitted X-Rays is
dominated by the photoelectric effect for elements with high atomic
numbers whereas the attenuation by Compton scattering is dominant
for elements with lower atomic numbers.
[0007] Compared to the photoelectric effect, the attenuation due to
Compton scattering is relatively invariant with respect to incident
X-Ray energy. Thus, detectors utilizing multi-energy X-Rays can
distinguish materials of different atomic numbers based on the
relative contributions of Compton scattering and photoelectric
absorption on the overall absorption. Additional information about
the density of the material may be inferred from the absorption of
the high energy photons. In contrast with lower energy X-Rays, the
absorption of high energy X-Rays are primarily due to Compton
scattering which is roughly proportional to mass per cross
sectional area. Algorithms may be put in place to automatically
discriminate between materials which share characteristics
(effective atomic number and density) with explosive materials and
those that do not, thereby aiding in the detection. These X-ray
scanners may sound an alarm or otherwise provide an indication of
the suspected explosive material so that a trained agent may make a
further investigation and respond accordingly. The X-ray scanners
may identify different suspected explosive materials by different
colors on a display.
SUMMARY
[0008] In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure,
there is provided a simulated explosive material. The simulated
explosive material comprises or consists of one or more inert
components that has a density and effective atomic number
(Z.sub.eff) substantially similar to an explosive material. The
simulated explosive material is configured to produce an output
signal consistent with the presence of the explosive material when
scanned in an X-ray scanner.
[0009] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include brown sugar.
[0010] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include a mixture of brown sugar and one or more of corn syrup,
baking soda, water, or oil. The simulated explosive material may be
configured to produce an output signal consistent with the presence
of dynamite when scanned in an X-ray scanner.
[0011] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include a mixture of confectioner sugar and one or more of corn
starch or corn syrup. The simulated explosive material may be
configured to produce an output signal consistent with the presence
of one of dynamite or PE-4 when scanned in an X-ray scanner.
[0012] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include a mixture of baking soda and one or more of corn syrup,
corn starch, water, oil, or paraffin wax. The simulated explosive
material may be configured to produce an output signal consistent
with the presence of one of Semtex, C-4, TNT, or a plastic
explosive when scanned in an X-ray scanner.
[0013] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include a mixture of corn starch, baking soda, water, and oil. The
simulated explosive material may be configured to produce an output
signal consistent with the presence of a plastic explosive when
scanned in an X-ray scanner.
[0014] The simulated explosive material may be configured to
produce an output signal consistent with the presence of one of
PE-4, TNT, nitroglycerine, or C-4 when scanned in an X-ray
scanner.
[0015] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include cane sugar.
[0016] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include one of black sand or charcoal.
[0017] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include a mixture of polymeric materials of varying molecular
weights. These materials may include but are not limited to
polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane,
polyvinylchloride and, polyvinyl acetate. The simulated explosive
material may be configured to produce an output signal consistent
with the presence of a variety of explosives when scanned in an
X-Ray scanner.
[0018] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include a mixture of glycerin, corn starch, alumina, hydrogen
peroxide. In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
further includes a colorant, for example food coloring or paint. In
some embodiments, the one or more inert components include a
mixture of water, charcoal, sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium
chloride (CaCl.sub.2).
[0019] In some embodiments, the one or more inert components
include a mixture of oxides and/or nitrides. These materials may
include but are not limited to Boron Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Silicon
Oxide, aluminosilicates, Boron Nitride, Carbon Nitride, and/or
other organic or inorganic ceramic materials. The simulated
explosive material may be configured to produce an output signal
consistent with the presence of a variety of explosives when
scanned in an X-Ray scanner.
[0020] In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure,
there is provided a simulated IED Circuit Kit. The simulated IED
circuit Kit comprises an explosive simulant comprising or
consisting of one or more inert components and having a density
and/or Z.sub.eff substantially similar to an explosive material, a
simulated blasting cap adjacent to the explosive simulant, a
trigger switch, and a power source.
[0021] In some embodiments, the trigger switch includes one or more
of a mousetrap switch, a clothespin switch, a wireless doorbell
receiver, a vibration switch, a reed switch, a dummy cell phone, a
two-way radio, a cordless telephone, a passive infrared receiver, a
pair of saw blades, a pressure activated micro switch, a tilt
switch, a mercury switch, a digital clock, a mechanical clock, a
kitchen timer, a servo motor, a temperature switch, a photo cell,
or a wire loop switch.
[0022] In some embodiments, the explosive simulant includes one of
a mixture of brown sugar and one or more of corn syrup, baking
soda, water, and oil, a mixture of baking soda and one or more of
corn syrup, corn starch, water, oil, and paraffin wax, a mixture of
confectioner sugar and one or more of corn starch and corn syrup, a
mixture of glycerin, corn starch, alumina, and hydrogen peroxide, a
mixture of corn starch, baking soda, water, and oil, and a mixture
corn starch, water, and oil.
[0023] In some embodiments, the explosive simulant includes one of
brown sugar and cane sugar.
[0024] In some embodiments, the explosive simulant includes one of
black sand or charcoal.
[0025] In some embodiments, the simulated IED Circuit Kit further
comprises an arming switch in electrical communication between the
power source and the simulated blasting cap.
[0026] In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure,
there is provided a simulated blasting cap. The simulated blasting
cap comprises a tube and an explosive simulant disposed within the
tube. The explosive simulant comprises or consists of one or more
inert components having a density and/or Z.sub.eff substantially
similar to an explosive material. The simulated blasting cap
further comprises a bridge wire disposed within the tube.
[0027] In some embodiments, the explosive simulant may include a
wooden dowel or a polymer, such as PTFE, rod.
[0028] In some embodiments, the simulated blasting cap further
comprises a metal sleeve disposed within the tube.
[0029] In some embodiments, the simulated blasting cap further
comprises a lead wire disposed within the tube.
[0030] In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure,
there is provided a Threat Screening Kit. The Threat Screening Kit
comprises a simulated blasting cap including an explosive simulant,
a power source, and a trigger mechanism in electrical communication
between the simulated blasting cap and the power source.
[0031] In some embodiments, the simulated blasting cap includes a
metal sleeve disposed within a tube.
[0032] In some embodiments, the simulated blasting cap includes a
lead wire disposed within a tube.
[0033] In some embodiments, the trigger mechanism includes one or
more of a mousetrap switch, a clothespin switch, a wireless
doorbell receiver, a vibration switch, a reed switch, a cell phone
dummy, a two-way radio, a cordless telephone, a passive infrared
receiver, a pair of saw blades, a pressure activated micro switch,
a tilt switch, a mercury switch, a digital clock, a mechanical
clock, a kitchen timer, a servo motor, a temperature switch, a
photo cell, and a wire loop switch.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to
scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical
component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by
a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be
labeled in every drawing. In the drawings:
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates the components of an embodiment of a
simulated IED Circuit Kit;
[0036] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a package for an
explosive simulant;
[0037] FIG. 3A illustrates an embodiment of a label for a package
including an explosive simulant;
[0038] FIG. 3B illustrates an embodiment of a label for a package
including an explosive simulant;
[0039] FIG. 3C illustrates an embodiment of a label for a package
including an explosive simulant;
[0040] FIG. 4A illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0041] FIG. 4B illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0042] FIG. 5A illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0043] FIG. 5B illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0044] FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0045] FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0046] FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0047] FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0048] FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0049] FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0050] FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0051] FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0052] FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0053] FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0054] FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0055] FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0056] FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0057] FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0058] FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0059] FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0060] FIG. 22 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0061] FIG. 23 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0062] FIG. 24 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0063] FIG. 25 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0064] FIG. 26 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0065] FIG. 27 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated IED Circuit
Kit;
[0066] FIG. 28 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated blasting
cap;
[0067] FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated blasting
cap;
[0068] FIG. 30 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated blasting
cap;
[0069] FIG. 31 illustrates an embodiment of a simulated blasting
cap;
[0070] FIG. 32 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0071] FIG. 33 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0072] FIG. 34 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0073] FIG. 35 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0074] FIG. 36 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0075] FIG. 37 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0076] FIG. 38 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0077] FIG. 39 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0078] FIG. 40 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0079] FIG. 41 illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0080] FIG. 42A illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0081] FIG. 42B illustrates an embodiment of a Threat Screening
Kit;
[0082] FIG. 43 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0083] FIG. 44 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0084] FIG. 45 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0085] FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0086] FIG. 47 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0087] FIG. 48 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0088] FIG. 49A illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0089] FIG. 49B illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0090] FIG. 50 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0091] FIG. 51 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0092] FIG. 52A illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0093] FIG. 52B illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0094] FIG. 53 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0095] FIG. 54 illustrates an embodiment of a Mail Threat Kit;
[0096] FIG. 55 illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0097] FIG. 56A illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0098] FIG. 56B illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0099] FIG. 57 illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0100] FIG. 58 illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0101] FIG. 59A illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0102] FIG. 59B illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0103] FIG. 60A illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0104] FIG. 60B illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0105] FIG. 61 illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly;
[0106] FIG. 62 illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly; and
[0107] FIG. 63 illustrates an embodiment of an explosive simulant
assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0108] Aspects and embodiments of the present invention are not
limited to the details of construction and the arrangement of
components set forth in the following description or illustrated in
the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of
being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, the
phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of
description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of
"including," "comprising," "having," "containing," "involving," and
variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed
thereafter and equivalents thereof.
[0109] It has been discovered that many explosive materials may be
simulated by one or more non-explosive and inert materials or
mixtures thereof, which in some instances may be sufficiently
harmless to not require a material safety data sheet (MSDS) when
provided by a supplier to a customer. These inert material mixtures
may have densities and/or Z.sub.eff sufficiently close to the
explosive material which they simulate so that an X-ray scanner may
produce an output signal consistent with the presence of the
simulated explosive material when scanning the inert material. Many
X-ray scanners provide a standardized set of colors categorizing
materials of different effective atomic numbers. The inert
materials may be designed to cause an X-ray scanner to classify the
inert material mixtures with the same colors as the explosive
materials which they are intended to simulate. The inert material
mixtures may also be used to simulate explosive materials in other
forms of scanners, for example, backscattering or computed
tomography scanner systems. These inert material mixtures may also
be colored, for example, by the addition of food coloring, and
textured in a similar manner as the explosive material which they
are intended to simulate. Examples of various inert materials and
material mixtures and the explosive materials which they may
simulate are listed in Table 1 below:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Density Explosive name Abbreviation
Z.sub.eff (g/cm.sup.3) Simulant Material(s) ANFO ANFO ~7 0.8 Low
grade Ammonium Nitrate (AN) with Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS and food
coloring Hexamethylene triperoxide HMTD 7.0 0.88 HMTD Simulant
diamine Amonium Nitrate AN 7.4 0.9 Low grade AN Ammonium Nitrate
Dynamite 1.02 Dark Brown Sugar Nitroglycerin Dynamite Kinestick
Binary 1.1 Nitromethene NM 7.4 1.13 Sugar, Salt and Water
Sensitized Nitromethane PLX 7.3 1.13 PLX Simulant (95%
Nitromethane, 5% EDA) Hydrogen Peroxide (30%) 7.6 1.13 Hydrogen
Peroxide Simulant Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide MEKP 6.7 1.17 Sugar,
Salt and Water Acetone Peroxide AP or TATP 6.7 1.18 TAPT simulant
Nitrocellulose NC 7.1 1.2 Apcogel B-1 .RTM. (Semi-Gel) Dynamite
1.26 Dark Brown Sugar Extra Gelatin Nitroglycerin Dynamite 1.3
Dynamite Semtex 1A SEMTEX 7.1 1.42 Baking Soda, Corn Starch,
Paraffin Semtex 1H SEMTEX 7.4 1.43 Wax, Water, and Vegetable Oil or
Semtex 10 SEMTEX 7.3 1.43 Corn Starch, Baking Soda, Basic 60% Extra
Gelatin Dynamite 1.43 initiator, and glycerin Detasheet 7.0 1.41
Acrylic polymer blend of various Primasheet 1000 7.1 1.44 Acrylate
monomers and Baking FLEX X M118 7.1 1.44 Soda Nitroglycol EGDN 7.4
1.48 Sugar, Salt and Water PE-4 PE-4 7.4 1.5 Baking Soda, Corn
Starch, Wax, Water, and Oil or Corn Starch, Baking Soda, Basic
initiator and glycerin Ethyl picrate 7.0 1.55 Baking Soda, Corn
Starch, Wax, TNT/RDX Booster Booster 1.56 Water, and Oil Methyl
picrate 7.1 1.57 Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder detergent and
Glycerin Urea nitrate UN 7.3 1.59 Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder
detergent and Glycerin Nitroglycerine NG 7.4 1.59 Sugar, Salt and
Water 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene TNB 7.1 1.6 Sugar, Salt and Water or
Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder detergent and Glycerin, depending
on phase Trinitrotoluene TNT 7.1 1.6 Baking Soda, Corn Starch, Wax,
Water, and Oil Ammonium Picrate Dunnite 7.1 1.72 Baking Soda, Corn
Starch, Wax, Water, and Oil Erythritol Tetranitrate ETN 7.5 1.6
Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder detergent and Glycerin Primasheet
2000 7.1 1.62 Acrylic polymer blend and Baking Soda Trinitrocresol
7.1 1.62 Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder detergent and Glycerin
Composition #4 C-4 C-4 7.5 1.64 Baking Soda, Corn Starch, Wax,
Water, and Oil or Corn Starch, Baking Soda, Basic initiator (a
Chemical that initiates base catalyzed polymerization,) and
glycerin Ethylenedinitramine EDNA 7.1 1.65 Polyethylene, Baking
Soda, Powder detergent and Glycerin Picric acid TNP 7.2 1.7
Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder detergent and Glycerin
Pentaerythritoltetranitrate PETN 7.4 1.7 PETN Simulant
Nitroguanidine NQ 7.1 1.7 Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder
detergent and Glycerin Tetryl 7.2 1.71 Baking Soda, Corn Starch,
Wax, Water, and Oil 1,3,5-Triazido-2,4,6- TATNB 7.1 1.71
Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder trinitrobenzene detergent and
Glycerin Trinitroaniline TNA 7.1 1.72 Polyethylene, Baking Soda,
Powder detergent and Glycerin Comp B TNT/RDX/wax Comp B 7.3 1.72
Baking Soda, Corn Starch, Wax, Water, and Oil or Corn Starch,
Baking Soda, Basic initiator, and glycerin Mannitol hexanitrate MHN
7.5 1.73 Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder detergent and Glycerin
Picryl chloride 9.9 1.74 Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder
detergent and Glycerin Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine RDX 7.6 1.76
RDX Simulant Triaminotrinitrobenzene TATB 7.1 1.8 Polyethylene,
Baking Soda, Powder detergent and Glycerin Cyclotetramethylene- HMX
7.2 1.91 Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder tetranitramine detergent
and Glycerin Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane HNIW or CL- 7.3 2.04
Polyethylene, Baking Soda, Powder 20 detergent and Glycerin
Potassium Chlorate 15.5 2.34 Sodium and potassium chloride Aluminum
metal 13 2.7 Various metal oxides Lead styphnate 59.9 3.02 Lead
Silver azide 41.1 4 Mercury fulminate 69.2 4.42 Lead azide 71.1
4.71
[0110] Table 1 lists the densities and effective atomic numbers of
various explosive materials with the corresponding abbreviations
and various products using these materials. Examples of inert
materials and inert material mixtures which may be used to simulate
the explosive materials, for example, by closely matching their
densities and/or effective atomic numbers (Z.sub.eff) are listed in
the rightmost column. In some embodiments, butylated hydroxytoluene
(BHT) may be included as an additional ingredient in one or more of
the formulations listed above. The BHT may function as a
preservative for the materials included in one or more of the
formulations listed above. Further, coloring agents, for example,
food coloring, may be added to various of the formulations listed
above so that the inert materials and/or inert material mixtures
may closely match both the look and feel of an explosive material
which they are intended to mimic.
[0111] Z.sub.eff may be calculated according to the formula
Z eff = i ( .alpha. i Z i n - 1 ) 1 n - 1 ##EQU00001##
where Z.sub.i is the atomic number of element i, .alpha..sub.i is
the fraction of the total electrons contained by element i and n is
a weighting factor equal to, for example, 3.9. Some references may
utilize slightly different values of n when calculating Z.sub.eff
for a material or may use a different formula.
Examples
[0112] A number of simulant mixtures may be prepared. These
mixtures may be packaged in cardboard tubes, plastic tubes, vacuum
sealed plastic film, or other packages. The densities of the
simulant mixtures were measured and types of explosive for which
the simulant mixtures would be useful in simulating were
identified.
Mix 1A:
[0113] Dark brown sugar (e.g. Domino.TM. Dark Brown Sugar) Density
of mixture: 1.0 g/cc This mixture is useful for the "El Blasto"
dynamite simulant.
Mix 1B:
[0114] Dark brown sugar (e.g. Domino.TM. Dark Brown Sugar): 900 g
Corn Syrup (e.g. Karo.TM. Red Label 16 oz. Light Syrup): 50 g
Density of mixture: 1.1 g/cc This mixture is useful for the
"Ammonium Dynamite" simulant.
Mix 1C:
[0115] Dark brown sugar (e.g. Domino.TM. Dark Brown Sugar): 900 g
Corn Syrup (e.g. Karo.TM. Red Label 16 oz. Light Syrup): 100 g
Density of mixture: 1.2 g/cc This mixture is useful for the "Nitro
Dynamite" simulant.
Mix 2:
[0116] Dark brown sugar (e.g. Domino.TM. Dark Brown Sugar): 900 g
Corn Syrup (e.g. Karo.TM. Red Label 16 oz. Light Syrup): 100 g
Baking Soda: 150 g
[0117] Density of mixture: 1.3 g/cc This mixture is useful for the
"Extra Gelatin" dynamite simulant.
Mix 3:
[0118] Confectioner sugar (e.g. Domino.TM. Confectioner Sugar): 2
pounds Corn syrup (e.g. Karo.TM. Red Label 16 oz. Light Syrup): 1.5
cups Density of mixture: 1.5 g/cc Density of mixture in plastic
packaging: 1.5 g/cc This mixture is useful for the "M1 Military
Dynamite" simulant.
Mix 4:
Water: 200 ml
Charcoal: 200 g
NaCl: 65 g
CaCl.sub.2: 35 g
[0119] This mixture is useful for simulating black powder.
Mix 5A:
Glycerine: 200 g
[0120] Corn starch: 200 g
Alumina: 140 g
[0121] Hydrogen peroxide: 80 g (Do not measure out, squirt directly
from bottle into mixer) Orange paint (for example, Oil based paint
or pigments): 10 g Density of mixture: 1.4 g/cc This mixture is
useful for the "Semtex-H" simulant.
Mix 5B:
Glycerin: 200 g
[0122] Corn starch: 200 g
Alumina: 130 g
[0123] Hydrogen peroxide: 80 g (Do not measure out, squirt directly
from bottle into mixer) Black paint (for example, Oil based paint
or pigments): 10 g Density of mixture: 1.4 g/cc This mixture is
useful for the "Semtex-10" simulant
Mix 5C:
Glycerin: 200 g
[0124] Corn starch: 200 g
Alumina: 120 g
[0125] Hydrogen peroxide: 80 g (Do not measure out, squirt directly
from bottle into mixer) Red paint (for example, Oil based paint or
pigments): 10 g Density of mixture: 1.4 g/cc This mixture is useful
for the "Semtex-1A" simulant
Mix 6:
Glycerin: 200 g
[0126] Corn starch: 200 g
Alumina: 190 g
[0127] Hydrogen peroxide: 80 g (Do not measure out, squirt directly
from bottle into mixer) Density of mixture: 1.6 g/cc This mixture
is useful for the "C4," and "M112 C4" simulants.
Mix 7:
[0128] Baking Soda: 4.5 cups Water: 1 tablespoon
Vegetable oil: 1 cup
[0129] Paraffin wax: 2 blocks (32 oz.) 20 drops yellow food
coloring Density of mixture: 1.5 g/cc This mixture is useful for
the "Cast TNT" simulant.
Mix 8:
[0130] Baking Soda: 4.5 cups Water: 1 tablespoon
Vegetable oil: 1 cup
[0131] Paraffin wax: 2 blocks (32 oz.) 20 drops yellow food
coloring Corn starch: 1.5 cups Density of mixture: 1.48 g/cc This
mixture is useful for the "PE 4" and "TNT Cast Booster"
simulants.
Mix 9:
[0132] Baking Soda: 3 cups Paraffin wax: 2 blocks (32 oz.) Density
of mixture: 1.48 g/cc This mixture is useful for the "PE 4" and
"TNT Cast Booster" simulants.
Mix 10:
[0133] Baking Soda: 2 cups
Corn Starch: 1 cup
[0134] Water: 1.5 cups Vegetable oil: 1 tablespoon Density of
mixture: 1.40 g/cc Packed in cardboard tube with eight inch length,
1.5 inch diameter, 0.08 inch wall thickness. Density of mixture and
cardboard tube: 1.57 g/cc This mixture in the cardboard tube is
useful for simulating plastic explosives.
Mix 11:
[0135] Baking soda: 2 cups Corn starch: 2 cup
Water: 1 cup
Vegetable oil: 0.5 cup
[0136] Density of mixture: 1.5 g/cc Packed in cardboard tube with
eight inch length, 1.5 inch diameter, 0.08 inch wall thickness.
Density of mixture and cardboard tube: 1.6 g/cc This mixture in the
cardboard tube is useful for simulating plastic explosives.
Mix 12:
[0137] Confectioner sugar (e.g. Domino.TM. Confectioner Sugar): 2
cups Corn syrup: 1 cup Vegetable oil spray (to coat outside to
reduce stickiness) Density of mixture: 1.4 g/cc Packed in cardboard
tube with five inch length, 1.5 inch diameter, 0.08 inch wall
thickness. Density of mixture and cardboard tube: 1.5 g/cc This
mixture in the cardboard tube is useful for simulating PE-4 stick
and sheet explosive.
Mix 13:
Corn Starch: 1 cup
[0138] Magnesium Citrate Powder: 2 cups Baking soda: 0.25 cups
Water: 1.5 cups water
Vegetable Oil: 2 Tablespoons
[0139] Density of mixture: 1.20 g/cc Packed in cardboard tube with
eight inch length, 1.5 inch diameter, 0.08 inch wall thickness.
Density of mixture and cardboard tube: 1.33 g/cc This mixture in
the cardboard tube is useful for simulating plastic explosives.
Mix 14:
[0140] Dark brown sugar Density of mixture: 0.86 g/cc Packed in
cardboard tube with eight inch length, 1.5 inch diameter, 0.08 inch
wall thickness. Density of compressed mixture and cardboard tube:
1.22 g/cc Density of non-compressed mixture and cardboard tube:
1.15 g/cc This mixture in the cardboard tube is useful for
simulating dynamite
Mix 15:
[0141] Pure Cane sugar Density of mixture: 0.74 g/cc Packed in
cardboard tube with eight inch length, 1.5 inch diameter, 0.08 inch
wall thickness. Density of compressed mixture and cardboard tube:
1.11 g/cc Density of non-compressed mixture and cardboard tube:
1.04 g/cc This mixture in the cardboard tube is useful for
simulating dynamite.
Mix 16:
Dry Magnesium Citrate Powder
[0142] Density of mixture: 1.12 g/cc Packed in cardboard tube with
eight inch length, 1.5 inch diameter, 0.08 inch wall thickness.
Density of compressed mixture and cardboard tube: 1.12 g/cc Density
of non-compressed mixture and cardboard tube: 1.08 g/cc This
mixture in the cardboard tube is useful for simulating
dynamite.
TATP Simulant:
Polyethylene Powder: 800 g
Granulated Cane Sugar: 400 g
99% Glycerin: 110 g
Borax: 200 g
HMTD Simulant:
Polyethylene Powder: 600 g
Baking Soda: 250 g
99% Glycerin: 81 g
Borax: 150 g
PETN Simulant:
Polyethylene Powder: 200 g
Granulated Cane Sugar: 600 g
99% Glycerin: 60 g
Borax: 575 g
Baking Soda: 50 g
RDX Simulant:
Polyethylene Powder: 50 g
Granulated Cane Sugar: 500 g
99% Glycerin: 60 g
Borax: 700 g
Baking Soda: 150 g
Hydrogen Peroxide (30%) Simulant:
75% Water
20% Cane Sugar
5% Sodium Chloride
Blue Highlighter Fluid
PLX Simulant:
62% Water
31% Cane Sugar
4% Sodium Chloride
2% Corn Syrup
[0143] The densities of various explosive simulating materials and
mixtures may be adjusted to more closely conform to a density of a
particular explosive. For example, when dark brown sugar or
confectioner sugar is used in the simulant, the sugar may be
compressed to a particular packing density needed to achieve a
desired density in a container in which it is supplied. Mixtures of
materials including water and oil may be adjusted in density by
varying the amount of water versus oil or by using different oils.
For example, a mixture of one cup corn starch, two cups baking
soda, and one tablespoon vegetable oil will provide a mixture with
a density of about 1.4 g/cc. By increasing the amount of oil by 0.5
cups and reducing the amount of water by 0.5 cups the density of
the mixture may be increased to about 1.6 g/cc. Further variations
of the oil and water mixtures can achieve varying densities in a
range of from about 1.4 g/cc to about 1.6 g/cc. The corn
starch/water/oil mixture may be formed from a mixture of 1.5 cups
water, one cup corn starch and one tablespoon of vegetable oil to
provide a density of about 1.6 g/cc. In another example, the
density of the clay may be adjusted by adjusting its water content
or by selecting different types of clay.
[0144] In some embodiments, the various explosive simulating
materials and mixtures may be hermetically sealed in a package to
reduce the potential for water vapor to enter or exit the material,
which could alter its density. In some embodiments, the explosive
simulating materials and mixtures may be vacuum sealed in a plastic
film having a low water vapor transmission rate, for example, a
polyester, polypropylene, or polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
film. In some embodiments, the plastic film may be metalized to
further reduce its water vapor transmission rate.
[0145] In accordance with a first broad aspect disclosed herein,
one or more explosive simulants may be utilized in a simulated IED
Circuit Kit. The components of an embodiment of a simulated IED
Circuit Kit 100 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The simulated IED
Circuit Kit 100 may include a substrate board 110 on which other
components are mounted. The substrate board 110 may be formed from
cardboard, a sheet of plastic, fiberboard, for example, a medium
density fiberboard, wood, or any other rigid or semi-rigid
material. The various components of the simulated IED Circuit Kit
100 may be non-releasably secured to the substrate board 110, for
example, with an adhesive, or may be releaseably secured to the
substrate board 110 with releasable connectors, for example, snaps,
VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop fasteners, or other fasteners or
fastening mechanisms known in the art.
[0146] An explosive simulant 120 may be mounted on the substrate
board 110. In some embodiments, the explosive simulant may be
packaged inside a tube, for example, a cardboard tube 200 as
illustrated in FIG. 2 or a plastic tube. The cardboard tube 200 or
plastic tube may be filled with the explosive simulant 120 and
sealed with end caps 205, 210. The thickness of the cardboard tube
200 or plastic tube may be selected to accommodate explosive
simulants 120 packed in the cardboard tube 200 or plastic tube at
various packing pressures to achieve desired packing densities. In
some embodiments, the thickness of the wall of the cardboard tube
200 or plastic tube is about 0.08 inches. One of the end caps, for
example, end cap 210 may include a plastic tube 215 which is open
on an external side 215a and closed on an internal side 215b. The
plastic tube may be used as a cap well to retain a simulated
blasting cap 130 and may have dimensions of, for example, about 7/8
inches in diameter by about 1.5 inches in length. The tube 200 may
also include a label 220 identifying the explosive material
simulated and indicating that the simulant is inert. Non-limiting
examples of different labels 310, 320, and 330 are illustrated in
FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C. The tube 200 may have dimensions of, for
example, about 1.5 inches in diameter by about eight inches in
length or by about five inches in length, although it should be
understood that these and other dimensions of various components
disclosed herein are provided as examples only and may vary in
different embodiments.
[0147] Returning to FIG. 1, a simulated blasting cap 130 may be
provided inserted into the explosive simulant 120 or package
including the explosive simulant 120. The simulated blasting cap
130 may include an indicator 135, for example, an incandescent
light or an LED. The indicator 135 may illuminate upon a charge
being sent to the simulated blasting cap 130 to provide an
indication to a person training with the simulated IED Circuit Kit
100 that an action the trainee has taken would have resulted in the
explosive simulant 120, had it been real, being detonated. The
simulated IED Circuit Kit 100 further includes a safe and arming
switch 150, and a power source 160, which may include, for example,
a battery holder and/or one or more batteries, and a firing switch
area 140 which in various embodiments may house a trigger
switch.
[0148] Examples of various embodiments of the simulated IED Circuit
Kit 100 are illustrated in FIGS. 4A-27. It should be appreciated
that the various components illustrated in any of these embodiments
may be substituted for one another or provided in addition to the
components illustrated in other embodiments.
[0149] In FIG. 4A, the trigger switch is a mousetrap 145 and the
simulant 120 is a simulant for ammonium based dynamite. Electrical
connection is made from the power source 160 to the spring of the
mousetrap 145 and to a base of the mousetrap 145. The circuit is
completed when a non-conductive material 145a, for example, a piece
of paper or plastic is pulled from under the spring of the
mousetrap 145. FIG. 4B illustrates a similar mousetrap switch
assembly as FIG. 4A, but with a simulated Semtex assembly and
arming switch. It should be appreciated that arming switches may be
included in any of the simulated IED Circuit Kit 100 illustrated in
FIGS. 4-27 even if not explicitly illustrated in each example.
[0150] In FIG. 5A, the trigger switch is a spring-biased clothespin
146 and the simulant 120 is a simulant for PE-4. Electrical
connection is made from the power source 160 to jaws of the
clothespin. The circuit is completed when a non-conductive material
146a, for example, a piece of paper or plastic is pulled from
between the jaws of the clothespin 146. FIG. 5B illustrates a
similar clothespin switch assembly as FIG. 5A but further including
an arming switch and a simulated pipe bomb.
[0151] In FIG. 6, the trigger switch is a modified receiver 147 for
a wireless doorbell which has wires in electrical communication
between a circuit that would otherwise activate the doorbell and
the simulated blasting cap 130. The simulant 120 is a simulant for
military grade dynamite Current is sent from the wireless doorbell
receiver 147 to the simulated blasting cap 130 upon activation of
the wireless doorbell receiver 147 by a transmitter 147a.
[0152] In FIG. 7, the trigger switch is a vibration switch 148
which has wires in electrical communication between the power
source 160, a circuit in the vibration switch 148 which closes upon
detection of vibration, and the simulated blasting cap 130.
[0153] In FIG. 8, the trigger switch is a door alarm reed switch
149 which has wires in electrical communication between the power
source 160, a circuit in the door alarm reed switch 149 which
closes upon activation of the switch 149, and the simulated
blasting cap 130. The simulant 120 is a simulant for "El-Blasto"
dynamite.
[0154] In FIG. 9, the trigger switch is a modified cell phone or
cell phone dummy 151 which has wires in electrical communication
between the simulated blasting cap 130 and a circuit that would
otherwise active, for example, a ringer of the cell phone 151. The
simulant 120 is a simulant for "El-Blasto" dynamite.
[0155] In FIG. 10, the trigger switch is a modified two way radio
152 which has wires in electrical communication between the
simulated blasting cap 130 and a circuit that would otherwise
activate, for example, a speaker of the two way radio 152 upon
contact with the two way radio 152 from a second two way radio
152a. The simulant 120 is packed in a PVC pipe 122 which may have a
length of, for example, about eight inches and a diameter of, for
example, about 1.25 inches or about two inches, and is fitted with
end caps 122a which may be screwed onto the ends of the PVC pipe
122 and/or glued in place onto the ends of the PVC pipe 122. The
PVC pipe 122 includes a window 170 through which an indicator light
135 may be viewed. Alternatively, the PVC pipe 122 may be
empty.
[0156] In FIG. 11, the trigger switch is a modified cordless
telephone handset 153 which has wires in electrical communication
between the simulated blasting cap 130 and a circuit that would
otherwise activate, for example, a ringer of the cordless telephone
153 upon activation of a "find phone" button 153b on a base station
153a of the cordless telephone 153. The simulant is packed in a
steel pipe 124 which may have a length of, for example, about six
or about eight inches and a diameter of, for example, about one
inch or about 1.5 inches, and is fitted with end caps 124a which
may be screwed onto the ends of the steel pipe 124 and/or glued in
place onto the ends of the steel pipe 124. Alternatively, the steel
pipe 124 may be empty.
[0157] In FIG. 12, the trigger switch is a passive infrared
receiver (PIR) 154 which has wires in electrical communication
between the power source 160 (internal to the PIR 154, but in
alternate embodiments, external to the PIR 154), a circuit in the
PIR 154 which closes upon detection of infrared (IR) light, and the
simulated blasting cap 130. The simulant 120 is a simulant for C-4
explosive.
[0158] In FIG. 13, the trigger switch is a pair of saw blades 155
in electrical communication between the power source 160 and the
simulated blasting cap 130. The saw blades 155 may be held apart
from one another by one or more blocks of a non-conductive material
155a. The circuit is closed, sending power to the simulated
blasting cap 130, upon application of pressure which brings the saw
blades 155 into contact with one another.
[0159] In FIG. 14, the trigger switch is a pressure activated micro
switch 156 in electrical communication between the power source 160
and the simulated blasting cap 130. The simulant 120 is a simulant
for military grade dynamite.
[0160] In FIG. 15, the trigger switch is a pressure activated micro
switch 157 which closes a circuit between the power source 160 and
the simulated blasting cap 130 upon a release of pressure on the
switch 157, for example, by opening a box 157a in which the switch
157 is disposed. The simulant 120 is a simulant for military grade
dynamite.
[0161] In FIG. 16, the trigger switch is a tilt switch 158 which
closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the simulated
blasting cap 130 upon tilting of the switch 158 so that a
conductive ball 158a, for example, an aluminum foil ball, rolls
into contact with a pair of electrical contacts 158b within the
switch 158. The simulant 120 is packed in a PVC pipe 126 which may
have a length of, for example, eight inches and a diameter of, for
example, about 1.25 inches or about two inches, and is fitted with
end caps 126a which may be screwed onto the ends of the PVC pipe
126 and/or glued in place onto the ends of the PVC pipe 126. The
PVC pipe 126 includes a window 170 through which an indicator light
135 may be viewed. Alternatively, the PVC pipe 126 may be
empty.
[0162] In FIG. 17, the trigger switch is a modified digital clock
159 which has wires in electrical communication between the
simulated blasting cap 130 and a circuit that would otherwise
activate, for example, an alarm of the clock 159. Alternatively,
the trigger switch could be a digital kitchen timer or other form
of digital timer. The power source 160 may be located internal or
external to the digital timer. The simulant is packed in a steel
pipe 128 which may have a length of, for example, about six inches
or about eight inches and a diameter of, for example, about one
inch or about 1.5 inches, and is fitted with end caps 128a which
may be screwed onto the ends of the steel pipe 128 and/or glued in
place onto the ends of the steel pipe 128. The steel pipe 128
includes a window 170 through which an indicator light 135 may be
viewed. Alternatively, the steel pipe 128 may be empty.
[0163] In FIG. 18, the trigger switch is a modified analog clock
161, for example, a Advance Super Bell key wound alarm clock, which
closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the simulated
blasting cap 130 upon an electrical contact mounted on a hand 161a
of the clock 160 reaching a second electrical contact 161b disposed
on the face of the clock 160. The simulant 120 is a simulant for
"El-Blasto" dynamite.
[0164] In FIG. 19, the trigger switch is an egg timer 162 which
closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the simulated
blasting cap 130 upon an electrical contact mounted on a handle
162a of the timer 162 reaching a second electrical contact 162b
disposed on the face of the timer. The simulant 120 is a simulant
for nitro-dynamite.
[0165] In FIG. 20, the trigger switch is a vibration switch 163
which closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the
simulated blasting cap 130 upon an electrical contact 163a mounted
on a spring 163b coupled to a wooden base 163c contacting an
electrically conductive bottle cap 163d responsive to vibration
which causes the spring 163b to sway. The base 163c may
alternatively be made of a different material, for example, a
plastic. The simulant 120 is a simulant for PE-4.
[0166] In FIG. 21, the trigger switch is a servo motor 164 mounted
in, for example, a toy car 164b which closes a circuit between the
power source 160 and the simulated blasting cap 130 upon an
electrical contact mounted on a portion of the servo motor 164
contacting a second electrical contact mounted on a second portion
of the servo motor 164 or within a portion of the toy car 164b. The
servo motor 160 may be remotely operated by a wireless transmitter
164a. The simulant 120 is a simulant for Semtex.
[0167] In FIG. 22, the trigger switch 165 is a temperature switch
165a and associated relay 165b which closes a circuit between the
power source 160 and the simulated blasting cap 130 upon the
temperature reaching a set point programmed into the temperature
switch 165a. The simulant 120 is a simulant for Semtex.
[0168] In FIG. 23, the trigger switch is an oven temperature switch
166 which closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the
simulant upon the temperature reaching a point at which an
electrical contact mounted to a hand 166a of the oven temperature
switch 166 contacts a second electrical contact 166b mounted on the
face of the oven temperature switch. The simulant is packed in a
PVC pipe 126 which includes a window 170 through which an indicator
light 135 may be viewed. Alternatively, the PVC pipe 126 may be
empty.
[0169] In FIG. 24, the trigger switch is a mercury switch 167 which
closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the simulated
blasting cap 130 upon tilting of the switch so that a drop of
mercury 167a rolls into contact with a pair of electrical contacts
167b within the switch 167. The simulant 120 is a simulant for
ammonium dynamite.
[0170] In FIG. 25, the trigger switch is a photo cell 168 which
closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the simulated
blasting cap 130 upon exposure of the photo cell 168 to light. The
simulant 120 is a simulant for C-4 explosive.
[0171] In FIG. 26, the trigger switch is a wire loop switch 169. A
first exposed wire 169a passes through a loop in a second exposed
wire 169b. The second exposed wire 169b passes through a loop in
the first exposed wire 169a. The circuit between the power source
160 and the simulated blasting cap 130 is closed upon vibration or
displacement of one of the wires 169a, 169b which brings the wire
in contact with the loop of the other wire 169a, 169b. The simulant
120 is a simulant for nitro dynamite.
[0172] In FIG. 27, the trigger switch is a non-electrical blasting
cap 171, for example, det. cord. The simulant 120 is a simulant for
ammonium dynamite.
[0173] In accordance with another broad aspect disclosed herein,
there is provided embodiments of simulated blasting caps. The
simulated blasting caps are designed to look and feel substantially
similar to actual "live" blasting caps and are constructed from
materials which provide a substantially similar X-ray signature as
actual "live" blasting caps.
[0174] FIG. 28 illustrates a simulated homemade blasting cap 410.
The simulated homemade blasting cap 410 includes a copper tube 415
having a length L of about 2.25 inches and a diameter D of about
0.25 inches. A wooden dowel or a polymer rod such as PTFE 420
having a length of about two inches which simulates an explosive,
for example, PETN, is disposed within the copper tube 415 and
secured therein with, for example, an adhesive such as glue. An end
415a of the copper tube 415 is pressed flat and retains a bridge
wire 430. In some embodiments the bridge wire 430 may be simulated
by a portion of a small incandescent light bulb.
[0175] FIG. 29 illustrates a simulated commercial blasting cap 440.
The simulated commercial blasting cap 440 includes an aluminum tube
455 having a length L of about 2.25 inches and a diameter D of
about 0.25 inches. A wooden dowel or a polymer rod such as PTFE 420
having a length of about one inch which simulates an explosive, for
example, PETN, is disposed within the aluminum tube 455 and secured
therein with, for example, an adhesive such as glue. A metal sleeve
445 is also disposed within the aluminum tube 455 and simulates a
protective metal sleeve present in many commercial blasting caps. A
bridge wire 430 is disposed within an end of the aluminum tube 455
and may be secured therein by a plastic tube 450 which may be held
in place in the aluminum tube 455 by one or more crimps 460.
[0176] FIG. 30 illustrates a simulated military blasting cap 470.
The simulated military blasting cap 470 includes an aluminum tube
455 having a length L of about 2.25 inches and a diameter D of
about 0.25 inches. A wooden dowel or a polymer rod such as PTFE 420
having a length of about 1.25 inches which simulates an explosive,
for example, PETN, is disposed within the aluminum tube 455 and
secured therein with, for example, an adhesive such as glue. A lead
wire 475 having a length of, for example, about 0.25 inches is also
disposed within the aluminum tube 455 and simulates a lead azide
charge present in many military blasting caps. A bridge wire 430 is
disposed within an end of the aluminum tube 455 and may be secured
therein by a plastic tube 450 which may be held in place in the
aluminum tube 455 by one or more crimps 460.
[0177] FIG. 31 illustrates a simulated cardboard blasting cap 480.
The simulated cardboard blasting cap 480 includes a cardboard tube
485 having a length L of about 2.00 inches and a diameter D of
about 0.25 inches. Powdered sugar which simulates an explosive, for
example, TATP, is disposed within the cardboard tube 485 and
secured therein with, for example, a cardboard cap 490 and adhesive
such as glue. An electric match 495 is disposed within an end of
the cardboard tube 485 and may be secured in the cardboard tube 485
by adhesive or heat shrink.
[0178] In accordance with another broad aspect disclosed herein,
there is provided embodiments of various Threat Screening Kits. The
Threat Screening Kits are designed to mimic the look and feel of
"live" explosive devices or components thereof and to provide a
substantially similar X-ray signature as actual "live" explosive
devices.
[0179] A first Threat Screening Kit 510, illustrated in FIG. 32,
includes a plastic bottle 520, which is at least partially filled
with an explosive simulant, for example, black sand 120a to
simulate black powder or charcoal 120b to simulate smokeless
powder. The plastic bottle 520 may include a label 220 identifying
the explosive being simulated and indicating that the simulant is
inert. The label 220 may be similar to one of those illustrated in
FIGS. 3A-3C.
[0180] Another Threat Screening Kit 525, illustrated in FIG. 33,
may include a simulated emulsion or slurry type explosive simulant
120 packaged within a substantially cylindrical vessel 530 which
may be constructed of, for example, a metal, plastic, or a flexible
rubber material. The vessel 530 may have a length L of, for
example, about eight inches and a circumference C of about six
inches. The vessel 530 may include a label 220 identifying the
explosive being simulated and indicating that the simulant is
inert. The label 220 may be similar to one of those illustrated in
FIGS. 3A-3C. The vessel 530 may also include a cap well 535
inserted into a portion thereof or mounted on a surface thereof to
house a simulated blasting cap and may include a fastener 540, for
example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop fastener to
facilitate attaching the vessel to a substrate board 110 of a
simulated IED Circuit Kit 100.
[0181] FIG. 34 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 545 which
simulates a block of C-4 explosive. The simulant used may be a
mixture of corn syrup, baking soda, water, vegetable oil, and
paraffin wax packaged in paper or plastic film. The simulated block
of C-4 545 may have a length L of about 11 inches, a width W of
about two inches, and a height H of about one inch, which is
consistent with conventional packaging of actual C-4 explosive
blocks. The simulated block of C-4 545 may include a label 220
identifying the explosive being simulated and indicating that the
simulant is inert. The label 220 may be similar to one of those
illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C. The simulated block of C-4 545 may also
include a cap well 535 inserted into a portion thereof or mounted
on a surface thereof to house a simulated blasting cap and may
include a fastener 540, for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook
and loop fastener to facilitate attaching the simulated block of
C-4 545 to a substrate board 110 of a simulated IED Circuit Kit
100.
[0182] FIG. 35 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 550 which
simulates a block of Semtex explosive. The simulant used may be a
mixture of corn syrup, baking soda, water, and oil vacuum packaged
in plastic film. The simulated block of Semtex explosive 550 may
have a length of about three inches, a width of about three inches,
and a height of about three inches, which is consistent with
conventional packaging of actual Semtex explosive blocks. The
simulated block of Semtex 550 may include a label 220 identifying
the explosive being simulated and indicating that the simulant is
inert. The label 220 may be similar to one of those illustrated in
FIGS. 3A-3C. The simulated block of Semtex 550 may also include a
cap well 535 inserted into a portion thereof or mounted on a
surface thereof to house a simulated blasting cap and may include a
fastener 540, for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop
fastener to facilitate attaching the simulated block of Semtex to a
substrate board 110 of a simulated IED Circuit Kit 100.
[0183] FIG. 36 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 555 which
includes a motion activated sensor 145 coupled to a power source
160, for example, a battery pack and to a simulated blasting cap
130. The motion activated sensor 145 may include a fastener 540,
for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop fastener to
facilitate attaching the motion activated sensor 145 to a substrate
board 110 of a simulated IED Circuit Kit 100. The components of the
Threat Screening Kit 555 may be substantially similar to those
included in the simulated IED Circuit Kit 100 illustrated in FIG.
7.
[0184] FIG. 37 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 560 which
includes a mechanical timer 162 coupled to a power source 160, for
example, a battery pack and to a simulated blasting cap 130. The
mechanical timer 162 and/or power source 160 may include a fastener
540, for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop fastener to
facilitate attaching the components to a substrate board 110 of a
simulated IED Circuit Kit 100. The components of the Threat
Screening Kit 560 may be substantially similar to those included in
the simulated IED Circuit Kit 100 illustrated in FIG. 19.
[0185] FIG. 38 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 565 which
includes a PIR motion sensor 154 coupled to a power source 160, for
example, a battery pack and to a simulated blasting cap 130. The
PIR motion sensor 154 and/or power source 160 may include a
fastener 540, for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop
fastener to facilitate attaching the components to a substrate
board 110 of a simulated IED Circuit Kit 100. The components of the
Threat Screening Kit 565 may be substantially similar to those
included in the simulated IED Circuit Kit 100 illustrated in FIG.
12.
[0186] FIG. 39 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 570 which
includes a switch 572, for example, a toggle switch coupled to a
power source 160, for example, a battery pack and to a simulated
blasting cap 130. The switch 572 and/or power source 160 may
include a fastener 540, for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook
and loop fastener to facilitate attaching the components to a
substrate board 110 of a simulated IED Circuit Kit 100.
[0187] FIG. 40 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 575 which
includes a modified battery operated digital alarm clock 159, for
example, an Elgin battery powered LCD alarm clock, coupled to a
power source 160, for example, a battery pack and to a simulated
blasting cap 130. The alarm clock 159 and/or power source 160 may
include a fastener 540, for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook
and loop fastener to facilitate attaching the components to a
substrate board 110 of a simulated IED Circuit Kit 100. The
components of the Threat Screening Kit 575 may be substantially
similar to those included in the simulated IED Circuit Kit 100
illustrated in FIG. 17.
[0188] FIG. 41 illustrates another Threat Screening Kit 580 which
includes a cell phone dummy 151 coupled to a power source 160, for
example, a battery pack and to a simulated blasting cap 130. The
cell phone dummy 151 and/or power source 160 may include a fastener
540, for example, a sheet of VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop fastener to
facilitate attaching the components to a substrate board 110 of a
simulated IED Circuit Kit 100. The components of the Threat
Screening Kit 580 may be substantially similar to those included in
the simulated IED Circuit Kit 100 illustrated in FIG. 9.
[0189] FIG. 42A illustrates Threat Screening Kit 590a and FIG. 42B
illustrates Threat Screening Kit 590b. Threat Screening Kit 590a
includes a simulated steel pipe bomb 591 which may have a length
of, for example, about six inches or about eight inches and a
diameter of, for example, about one inch or about 1.5 inches, and
is fitted with end caps 593 which may be screwed onto the ends of
the steel pipe bomb 591 and/or glued in place onto the ends of the
steel pipe bomb 591. Threat Screening Kit 590b includes a simulated
PVC pipe bomb 592 which may have a length of, for example, about
eight inches and a diameter of, for example, about 1.25 inches or
about two inches, and is fitted with end caps 594 which may be
screwed onto the ends of the PVC pipe bomb 592 and/or glued in
place onto the ends of the PVC pipe bomb 592. The simulated pipe
bombs 591, 592 may include holes 595 for the insertion of simulated
blasting caps 130 and may either be filled with an explosive
simulant or empty. The simulated pipe bombs 591, 592 may include
fasteners 540, for example, sheets of VELCRO.RTM. hook and loop
fastener to facilitate attaching the components to a substrate
board 110 of a simulated IED Circuit Kit 100. The simulated pipe
bombs 591, 592 may also include labels 220 which may be similar to
one of the labels illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C. The simulated pipe
bombs 591, 592 may also include one or more "inert holes" 596, four
of which are illustrated in each of the simulated pipe bombs 591,
592. The inert holes 596 in the simulated pipe bombs 591, 592 make
it impossible for somebody to use the simulated pipe bombs 591, 592
as real explosive devices. If a person tried to use the simulated
pipe bombs 591, 592 as real devices the holes would allow gasses to
escape from the burning explosive material contained therein and
thus prevent a mechanical detonation. The inert holes 596 are a
safety feature to ensure simulated pipe bombs 591, 592 cannot be
used as real explosive devices.
[0190] In accordance with another broad aspect disclosed herein,
there is provided embodiments of various Mail Threat Kits. The Mail
Threat Kits are designed to mimic the look and feel of "live"
explosive devices or components thereof or of other types of mail
threats and to provide a substantially similar X-ray signature as
actual "live" explosive devices or other types of mail threats.
Embodiments of the Mail Threat Kits may be used to train personnel
to identify actual mail threats.
[0191] FIG. 43 illustrates a first mail threat kit 605. The mail
threat kit 605 includes a pressure activated micro switch 157 which
closes a circuit between the power source 160 and the simulated
blasting cap 130 inserted into an explosive simulant 120 upon a
release of pressure on the switch 157, for example, by opening a
box (not shown) in which the switch 157 is disposed. The simulant
120 is a simulant for dynamite. The components of the mail threat
kit 605 may be similar to those of the simulated IED Circuit Kit
100 illustrated in FIG. 15.
[0192] FIG. 44 illustrates another mail threat kit 610. The mail
threat kit 610 includes a mousetrap 145. Electrical connection is
made from the power source 160 to the spring of the mousetrap and
to a base of the mousetrap 145. The circuit between the power
source 160 and a simulated blasting cap 130 inserted into an
explosive simulant 120 is completed when a non-conductive material
145a, for example a piece of paper or plastic is pulled from under
the spring of the mousetrap 145. The mail threat kit 610 may be
disposed within a large envelope and the material 145a may be
positioned such that a person opening the envelope would pull the
material 145a out, thus activating the device. The components of
the mail threat kit 610 may be similar to those of the simulated
IED Circuit Kit 100 illustrated in FIG. 4
[0193] FIG. 45 illustrates another mail threat kit 615. The mail
threat kit 615 includes an envelope 618, for example, a legal sized
envelope with a paper filling 619 and a plurality of razor blades
617 disposed at the top of the paper filling 619 or envelope 618. A
person opening the envelope 618 could have a finger cut by the
razor blades 617. In the mail threat kit 615, the razor blades 617
may be dulled to reduce the chance of someone being cut by
them.
[0194] FIG. 46 illustrates another mail threat kit 620. The mail
threat kit 620 includes an envelope 621, for example, an A4 sized
envelope, having a paper filling 622 and a small amount, for
example, from about 0.5 ounces to about one ounce of a white powder
624, for example, flour or baby powder enclosed inside the envelope
621. The white powder 624 may simulate a powdered poison, for
example, anthrax. The envelope 621 may be provided sealed in a
plastic bag 623. The plastic bag 623 is, in actual situations in
which a possible mail biological threat is found, a procedural step
where the possible mail biological threat is bagged to prevent any
further spread of the possible biological threat.
[0195] FIG. 47 illustrates another mail threat kit 625. Mail threat
kit 625 is substantially the same as mail threat kit 620, but the
envelope 621 is a larger legal sized or padded envelope.
[0196] FIG. 48 illustrates another mail threat kit 630. The mail
threat kit 630 includes a shipping box 632 in which is mounted a
metal pipe 634 which may be filled with an explosive simulant to
simulate a pipe bomb and may include a simulated blasting cap 130
inserted into one end. The simulated blasting cap 130 may be
coupled to a power source 160 through a photo cell 168. Opening the
box 632 allows light to reach the photo cell 168 and close the
circuit between the power source 160 and the simulated pipe bomb
634. The metal pipe 634, photocell 168, and power source 160 may be
secured to internal sides of the box 632 with tape or an adhesive
such as a glue to prevent these components from moving within the
box 632.
[0197] FIGS. 49A and 49B illustrate another mail threat kit 635.
The mail threat kit 635 is created by modifying a conventional
musical greeting card 635a. A simulated sheet explosive 639, for
example, charcoal in a plastic bag, and simulated blasting cap 130
are inserted into the musical greeting card 635a and wires 638
which power the speaker 637 of the conventional musical greeting
card 635a from a battery 160 on a circuit board 636 are diverted
from the speaker 637 to the blasting cap 130. Upon opening the
modified musical greeting card, power is supplied from the battery
160 to the simulated blasting cap 130.
[0198] FIG. 50 illustrates another mail threat kit 640. The mail
threat kit 640 includes a power source 160 electrically coupled to
a simulated blasting cap 130 inserted into an explosive simulant
120, for example, a C-4 explosive simulant through a wire loop
switch 169 similar to that illustrated in FIG. 26. The C-4
explosive simulant 120 may be packaged in a plastic bag. These
components are disposed within a large padded envelope 621. One of
the wires 169a of the wire loop switch is secured to the envelope
621, for example, with tape or an adhesive. A second wire 169b of
the wire loop switch 169 is secured to a piece of paper 622 within
the envelope 621, for example, with tape or an adhesive. Removal of
the paper 622 from the envelope 621 causes the wires 169a, 169b to
come into contact, completing an electrical circuit between the
power source 160 and the simulated blasting cap 130.
[0199] FIG. 51 illustrates another mail threat kit 645. The mail
threat kit 645 includes a mailing tube 646 in which is mounted a
PVC pipe 637 which may be filled with an explosive simulant to
simulate a pipe bomb and may include a simulated blasting cap 130
inserted into one end. The simulated blasting cap 130 may be
coupled to a power source 160 through a wire loop switch 169.
Removing the lid 649 of the mailing tube 646 pulls a string or
cable 648 secured to one of the wires of the wire loop switch 169
causing the wires of the wire loop switch 169 to come into contact
and close the circuit between the power source 160 and the
simulated blasting cap 130. The PVC pipe 637, wire loop switch 169,
and power source 160 may be secured to internal sides of the
mailing tube 646 with tape or an adhesive such as a glue to prevent
these components from moving within the mailing tube 646.
[0200] FIG. 52A illustrates another mail threat kit 650 and FIG.
52B illustrates another mail threat kit 650a. The mail threat kits
650, 650a each include a simulated blasting cap 130 which is
coupled to a simulated detonating cord (det. cord) explosive 652
and to a power source 160 through a wire loop switch 169 in a box
651. Upon opening the box 651, the wire loop switch 169 may be
caused to close by any one or more of the mechanisms discussed with
regard to other embodiments herein, completing a circuit between
the power source 160 and the simulating blasting cap 130. Mail
threat kit 650a differs from mail threat kit 650 in that mail kit
650a includes a lead sheet 654 which may render X-ray imaging of
the mail threat kit 650a more difficult.
[0201] FIG. 53 illustrates another mail threat kit 655. The mail
threat kit 655 includes a mailing box 657 in which is mounted a
pair of bottles 658 which may contain simulated components of a
liquid binary explosive. A simulated blasting cap 130 is placed
proximate the bottles 658 and coupled to a power source 160 through
a micro switch 157. Upon opening the box 657, the micro switch 157
would close, completing a circuit between the power source 160 and
the simulated blasting cap 130. The bottles 658, micro switch 157,
and power source 160 may be secured to internal sides of the
mailing box 657 with tape or an adhesive such as a glue to prevent
these components from moving within the mailing box 657.
[0202] FIG. 54 illustrates another mail threat kit 660. The mail
threat kit 660 includes a power source 160 electrically coupled to
a simulated blasting cap 130 inserted into an explosive simulant
120 in a mailing box 657. A wire 661 from the power source is
electrically connected to a first layer of aluminum foil wrap 662
wrapped about the mailing box 657. A wire 663 from the simulated
blasting cap 130 is electrically connected to a second layer of
aluminum foil wrap 664 wrapped about the mailing box 657 and
separated from the first layer of aluminum foil wrap 662 by a layer
of paper 665. A second layer of paper 665 may cover the second
layer of aluminum foil wrap 664. Upon ripping the paper 665 and
aluminum foil wrapping 662, 664 about the mailing box 657, the
first layer of aluminum foil wrap 662 contacts the second layer of
aluminum foil wrap 664, completing a circuit between the power
source 160 and the simulated blasting cap 130.
[0203] In addition to any of the Threat Screening Kits or mail
threat kits described above, threat kits may include any one or
more of the combinations of packages, explosive simulant
quantities, firing circuit types, power source types, and/or
detonator types listed in Table 2 below:
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Assembley Device Container Explosive
Simulant Weight Firing Power Name and/or Concealment Simulant Range
(kg) Circuit Source Detonator Laptop IED Laptop Sheet 0.1-0.5
Internal Laptop Improvised Copper Batteries Blasting Cap Laptop IED
Laptop HMTD 0.1-0.5 Digital Timer Laptop Cardboard TATP Batteries
Blasting Cap Stuffed Animal Stuffed animal Detonation 0.1-0.5
Non-Electrical N/A Non-Electrical Cord Blasting Cap Tablet IED
Tablet Sheet 0.1-0.5 Victim activated 2 AA Military Blasting Cap
Childs Toy IED Childs Toy ANFO 0.5-1.0 Victim activated 2 AA
Military Blasting pressure switch Cap with Slide-on Booster RCIED
Cell Phone Sheet 0.1-0.5 Cell Phone Internal Improvised Copper
RCIED Blasting Cap RCIED Cell Phone PETN 0.1-0.5 Cell Phone
External Commercial RCIED Blasting Cap Hair Dryer IED Hair Dryer
Cast TNT 0.5-1.0 Victim activated 2 AA Military toggle twitch
Blasting Cap Home DVD Home DVD Player ANFO 0.1-0.5 Cell Phone 9 V
Military Blasting Player IED RCIED Cap with Slide-on Booster Baby
Wipe Baby Wipe Tub HMTD 0.5-1.0 Wireless 4 AA Improvised Copper Tub
IED Door Bell Blasting Cap Can Opener IED Can Opener C-4 0.5-1.0
Victim activated 1 C Commercial pressure switch Blasting Cap Boom
Box IED Boom Box C-4 1.0-2.0 Barometric 2 AA Commercial Pressure
Switch Blasting Cap Computer Bag Computer bag PE-4 1.0-2.0
Light-Sensitive 9 V Commercial Photocell Blasting Cap Drill IED
Drill HMTD 0.5-1.0 Pressure Switch 4 AAA Improvised Copper Blasting
Cap Large Suit Large Suitcase Semtex H 1.0-2.0 Micro switch Lantern
Commercial Case IED (Pressure Battery Blasting Cap Release) Small
Suit Small Suitcase ANAL 1.0-2.0 RCIED Cell 2 D Cell Commercial
Case IED Phone Trigger Blasting Cap Assembly Duffle Bag IED Duffle
Bag Semtex H 1.0-2.0 RCIED Radio 9 V Military Blasting Cap Water
Hose IED Water Hose PETN 1.0-2.0 Tilt Switch 1 AAA Military
Blasting Cap Tennis Shoe IED Tennis Shoe Semtex 10 0.1-0.5 Suicide
switch 9 V Improvised Copper Assembly Blasting Cap Hiking Shoe IED
Hiking Shoe PETN/RDX 0.1-0.5 Time Fuse N/A Non-Electrical Blasting
Cap Sandal Shoe IED Shoe Sandal Sheet 0.1-0.5 Time Fuse Non-
Non-Electrical Electrical Blasting Cap Belt IED Belt Sheet 0.1-0.5
Suicide switch 2 AAA Military Assembly Blasting Cap Cordless
Cordless Hand PE-4 1.0-2.0 Victim activated Internal Improvised
Copper Vacuum IED Vacuum Blasting Cap Knee Brace IED Knee Brace
Semtex H 0.1-0.5 Suicide switch 2 AAA Military Assembly Blasting
Cap Hand Brace IED Hand Brace HMTD 0.1-0.5 Suicide switch 9 V
Improvised Copper Assembly Blasting Cap Leg Brace IED Leg Brace
TATP 0.1-0.5 Suicide switch 4 AA Cardboard TATP Assembly with
Blasting Cap back up RCIED Hard Case IED Hard case Extra Gelatin
1.0-2.0 Digital Timer 9 V Commercial Dynamite (8) Blasting Cap
Printer Printer Cartridge PETN 1.0-2.0 RCIED Cell 9 V Improvised
Copper Cartridge IED Phone Trigger Blasting Cap Assembly Portable
CD CD Player C-4 0.1-0.5 Victim activated 2 AA Commercial Player
IED Blasting Cap Electric Electric PETN 0.1-0.5 Victim activated
Internal Cardboard TATP Screwdriver IED Screwdriver Blasting Cap
Radio IED Radio C-4 0.5-1.0 Victim activated 2 C Improvised Copper
Blasting Cap Circular Circular saw Ammonium 0.5-1.0 Victim
activated 2 C Improvised Copper Saw IED Dynamite Blasting Cap
Walking Walking Cane PETN 0.5-1.0 Victim activated 1 AA Military
Cane IED Blasting Cap Walker IED Walker PE-7 1.0-2.0 Suicide switch
9 V Commercial in handle Blasting Cap Baseball Baseball Hat Sheet
0.1-0.5 Victim activated 1 AAA Improvised Copper Hat IED Blasting
Cap Picnic Cooler Picnic Cooler Semtex H 1.0-2.0 PIR Motion 4 AA
Military IED Sensor Blasting Cap Jacket IED Jacket Sheet 1.0-2.0
Suicide switch 4 AA Improvised in sleeve Blasting Cap Jacket IED
Jacket TATP 1.0-2.0 Suicide switch 2 D Commercial in pocket
Blasting Cap Thermos IED Thermos Flake TNT 0.5-1.0 Improvised 2 AA
Cardboard TATP Vibration Blasting Cap Switch Briefcase IED
Briefcase Semtex 10 1.0-2.0 LRCT 4 AA Commercial Blasting Cap
Paperback Book Paperback TNT Cast 1.0-2.0 Micro switch 9 V Military
Book IED Booster (Pressure Blasting Cap Release) Hardcover Book
Hard Cover/ Black Powder 0.1-0.5 Clothespin 4 AA Electric Book IED
Metal Pipe Pull Switch Match/Squib Computer Power Computer TATP
0.1-0.5 Victim activated External Military Cord IED Power Cord
Blasting Cap Tire Air Tire air pump ANFO 0.5-1.0 RCIED Cell 9 V
Military Blasting Pump IED Phone Trigger Cap with slide-on Assembly
booster Disposable Disposable Camera TATP 0.1-0.5 digital timer 2
AA Cardboard TATP Camera IED Blasting Cap Digital Camera Camera
digital PE-4 0.1-0.5 Time Fuse N/A Non-Electrical IED Blasting Cap
Coffee Mug IED Coffee Mug HMTD 0.5-1.0 Light-Sensitive 9 V Military
Photocell Blasting Cap Neck Pillow IED Neck Pillow C-4 0.5-1.0
Digital Timer 2 AA Commercial Blasting Cap Bottle of Bottle of wine
Nitromethane 1.0-2.0 Time Fuse N/A Non-Electrical Wine IED (PLX)
Blasting Cap Back Pack/ Back Pack/ ANFO 1.0-2.0 RCIED Cell 4 AA
Electric Pressure Pressure Cooker Phone Trigger Match/Squib Cooker
IED Assembly Back pack/2 Back pack/2 Black Powder 1.0-2.0
Mechanical 2 D Electric Metal Pipes IED Metal Pipes Time Delay II
Match/Squib Shower Bag IED Shower bag HMTD 0.5-1.0 Wire-Loop Switch
2 C Cardboard TATP Blasting Cap Flashlight IED Flashlight Extra
Gelatin 0.5-1.0 Victim 2 AAA Improvised Copper Dynamite acivated
Blasting Cap Mixture Contact Lens Contact Lens Nitromethane 0.5-1.0
Digital Timer 9 V Improvised Copper Cleaner IED cleaner (PLX)
Blasting Cap Micro-switch Mail Box/Package Ammonium 0.5-1.0 Micro
switch 9 V Commercial Pressure Nitrate/Nitro- (Pressure Blasting
Cap Release IED Glycerin Release) Mouse-Trap Pull Mail Box/Package
PE-4 0.5-1.0 Mouse Trap 4 AA Military Switch IED Pull Switch
Blasting Cap Metal-Pipe IED Mail Box/Package Black Powder 0.5-1.0
Metal-Pipe 2 D Electric with Photocell IED with Match/Squib
Photocell Wire-Loop Mail Box/Package Sheet 0.1-0.5 Wire-Loop Switch
4 AA Military Switch IED Blasting Cap Clothespin Pull Mail
Box/Package Black Powder 0.5-1.0 Clothespin 2 C Electric Switch IED
Pull Switch Match/Squib Wire Loop with Mail Box/Package Det Cord
0.5-1.0 Wire Loop with 9 V Military Lead Sheet IED Lead Sheet
Blasting Cap Chemical IED Mail Box/Package Bleach/Ammonia 0.5-1.0
Chemical IED 2 D Improvised Copper Blasting Cap Anti-Probe IED Mail
Box/Package M112 C-4 0.5-1.0 Anti-Probe 2 D Improvised Copper
Blasting Cap Barometric Mail Box/Package Semtex H 0.5-1.0
Barometric 9 V Military Pressure Pressure Switch Blasting Cap
Switch IED Small Tool Box Small Tool Box PE-7 1.0-2.0 Magnetic
Lantern Commercial Reed Switch Battery Blasting Cap Tooth Paste
Toothpaste tube PETN 0.1-0.5 External External External Tube IED
Women's Women's purse Extra Gelatin 1.0-2.0 RCIED radio 9 V
Commercial Purse IED Dynamite (4) Blasting Cap Iron IED Iron
Ammonium 0.5-1.0 Victim activated 9 V Cardboard TATP Dynamite
toggle switch Blasting Cap Toy Car IED Toy car TATP 0.5-1.0 Servo
Switch Internal Cardboard TATP Blasting Cap Legal Legal binder
Detonation 0.1-0.5 Digital Timer 2 D Military Binder IED Cord
Blasting Cap Laundry Laundry detergent Smokeless 1.0-2.0 Ball-Tilt
Switch 2 AA Electric detergent box/PVC pipe Powder Match/Squib
Box/PVC pipe IED Lotion IED Lotion large Nitromethane 0.5-1.0
Ball-Tilt Switch 2 AA Commercial (PLX) Blasting Cap Small Cooler
Small Cooler Semtex H 1.0-2.0 PIR Motion 4 AA Cardboard TATP IED
Sensor Blasting Cap Foot Powder Foot Powder Bottle Emulsion 0.1-0.5
Vibration Sensor 2 AA Commercial Bottle IED Assembly Blasting Cap
Hair Gel IED Hair Gel Emulsion 0.1-0.5 Anti Lift Micro 1 AA
Improvised switch (Presure Blasting Cap Release) Can of Can of soda
ANAL 0.1-0.5 Non-Electrical N/A Improvised Soda IED Time Fuse
Blasting Cap Pressure Pressure cooker Smokeless 1.0-2.0 RCIED Cell
4 AA Electric Cooker IED Powder Phone Trigger Match/Squib Assembly
Lunch Box IED Lunch Box Semtex H 0.5-1.0 Mouse Trap 2 AA Military
Pull Switch Blasting Cap Vest with Vest frag TATP 1.0-2.0 Suicide
switch 9 V Improvised Frag IED Assembly Blasting Cap Vest without
Vest no frag Sheet 1.0-2.0 Suicide switch 2 AAA Commercial Frag IED
Assembly Blasting Cap Limpet Limpet device Black Powder 1.0-2.0
Magnetic 1 D Electric Device IED Reed Switch Match/Squib
[0204] FIGS. 55-63 illustrate various explosive simulant
assemblies.
[0205] FIG. 55 illustrates an inert PE-4 long assembly. This
assembly includes simulant mix 9 packed within an 8 inch.times.1.25
inch plastic tube sealed with end caps including cap wells. The
tube is wrapped in white card stock paper with a wax coating.
[0206] FIGS. 56A and 56B illustrate an inert PE-4 short assembly.
This assembly includes simulant mix 9 packed within 5
inch.times.1.5 inch mailing tube sealed with end caps including cap
wells. The tube is wrapped in white card stock paper with a wax
coating.
[0207] FIG. 57 illustrates an inert TNT cast booster assembly. This
assembly includes simulant mix 9 packed within 5 inch.times.1.5
inch mailing tube sealed with end caps. The tube is wrapped in red
card stock paper with a mod podge coating. The ends of the assembly
are drilled with 0.25 inch.times.1 inch holes on each end.
[0208] FIG. 58 illustrates an inert El Blasto Dynamite assembly.
This assembly includes simulant mix 1 packed within an 8
inch.times.1.25 inch plastic tube sealed with end caps including
cap wells. The tube is wrapped in brown card stock paper with a wax
coating.
[0209] FIGS. 59A and 59B illustrate an inert nitro dynamite
assembly. This assembly includes simulant mix 1B packed within an 8
inch.times.1.25 inch plastic tube sealed with end caps including
cap wells. The tube is wrapped in red card stock paper with a wax
coating.
[0210] FIGS. 60A and 60B illustrate an inert military M1 dynamite
assembly. This assembly includes simulant mix 3 packed within an 8
inch.times.1.25 inch plastic tube sealed with end caps including
cap wells. The tube is wrapped in brown card stock paper with a wax
coating.
[0211] FIG. 61 illustrates an inert ammonium dynamite assembly.
This assembly includes simulant mix 1A packed within an 8
inch.times.1.25 inch plastic tube sealed with end caps including
cap wells. The tube is wrapped in yellow stock paper with a wax
coating.
[0212] FIG. 62 illustrates an extra gelatin dynamite assembly. This
assembly includes simulant mix 2 packed within an 8 inch.times.1.25
inch plastic tube sealed with end caps including cap wells. The
tube is wrapped in brown stock paper with a wax coating.
[0213] FIG. 63 illustrates an inert Semtex assembly. The assembly
includes simulant mix 5 and an orange, red, and/or black pigment
molded in a baking pan form vacuum sealed and labeled.
[0214] Having thus described several aspects of at least one
embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated various
alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to
those skilled in the art. For example, it is to be appreciated that
any of the features of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may
be combined or substituted for features of any other embodiment
disclosed herein. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements
are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be
within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing
description and drawings are by way of example only.
* * * * *