U.S. patent application number 15/016380 was filed with the patent office on 2016-06-02 for hydrophobic coating for coated article.
The applicant listed for this patent is United Technologies Corporation. Invention is credited to Joshua A. Sheffel, Richard L. Smith.
Application Number | 20160152840 15/016380 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44677775 |
Filed Date | 2016-06-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160152840 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Smith; Richard L. ; et
al. |
June 2, 2016 |
HYDROPHOBIC COATING FOR COATED ARTICLE
Abstract
An article includes a superhydrophobic body that has a matrix
and non-silica (SiO.sub.2) particles dispersed through the matrix.
The matrix includes at least one of silicone or polysiloxane. The
non-silica (SiO.sub.2) particles include at least one of oxide
particles, non-oxide ceramic particles, metal particles, polymer
particles, carbon particles, metal hydroxide particles, or
oxide-hydroxide particles.
Inventors: |
Smith; Richard L.; (South
Windsor, CT) ; Sheffel; Joshua A.; (Manchester,
CT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
United Technologies Corporation |
Hartford |
CT |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
44677775 |
Appl. No.: |
15/016380 |
Filed: |
February 5, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
12874677 |
Sep 2, 2010 |
9260629 |
|
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15016380 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
524/401 ;
524/439; 524/588; 525/104 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C08K 9/06 20130101; C08K
3/36 20130101; C09D 183/04 20130101; C08K 2201/011 20130101; C09D
183/04 20130101; Y10T 428/259 20150115; Y10T 428/254 20150115; C08L
2205/02 20130101; C08L 83/04 20130101; C09D 5/1675 20130101; C08L
83/00 20130101; C09D 7/62 20180101; C09D 5/1681 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C09D 5/16 20060101
C09D005/16; C09D 183/04 20060101 C09D183/04; C08L 83/04 20060101
C08L083/04; C08K 3/04 20060101 C08K003/04; C08K 3/08 20060101
C08K003/08; C08K 3/22 20060101 C08K003/22 |
Claims
1. An article comprising: a superhydrophobic body including, a
matrix of at least one of silicone or polysiloxane, and non-silica
(SiO2) particles dispersed through the matrix, wherein the
non-silica (SiO2) particles include at least one of oxide
particles, non-oxide ceramic particles, metal particles, polymer
particles, carbon particles, metal hydroxide particles, or
oxide-hydroxide particles.
2. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica (SiO2)
particles include at least one of the metal particles or the carbon
particles.
3. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica (SiO2)
particles include at least one of the metal hydroxide particles or
the oxide-hydroxide particles.
4. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica (SiO2)
particles include the oxide particles.
5. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica (SiO2)
particles include at least one of the metal particles or the
non-oxide ceramic particles.
6. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica (SiO2)
particles include the non-oxide ceramic particles.
7. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica (SiO2)
particles include the polymer particles, and the polymer particles
are polytetrafluorothylene particles.
8. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica (SiO2)
particles include at least two different kinds of particles with
respect to composition.
9. The article as recited in claim 8, wherein one of the at least
two different kinds of particles is microsphere particles.
10. The article as recited in claim 8, wherein one of the at least
two different kinds of particles is hydrophobic particles and
another of the at least two different kinds of particles is water
durability particles, the water durability particles increasing
water durability of the superhydrophobic coating with respect to
ability to retain superhydrophobic surface properties over
prolonged immersion in liquid water.
11. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica
(SiO2) particles include at least two different kinds of particles
with respect to size.
12. The article as recited in claim 11, wherein the
superhydrophobic body has a mass ratio of the two different kinds
of particles that is between 0.3 and 2.
13. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-silica
(SiO2) particles have a surface roughness on the nanometer
scale.
14. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the superhydrophobic
body consists essentially of the silicone or polysiloxane.
15. An article comprising: a substrate; and a superhydrophobic
coating on the substrate, the superhydrophobic coating including, a
matrix of at least one of silicone or polysiloxane, and particles
dispersed through the matrix, wherein the particles include at
least one of non-oxide ceramic particles, metal particles, or
carbon particles.
16. The article as recited in claim 15, wherein the particles
include the metal particles.
17. The article as recited in claim 15, wherein the particles
include the non-oxide ceramic particles.
18. The article as recited in claim 15, wherein the particles
include the carbon particles.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present is a continuation to U.S. Provisional patent
application Ser. No. 12/874,677, filed Sep. 2, 2010.
BACKGROUND
[0002] This disclosure relates to anti-icing or icephobic coatings
for reducing ice and water formation or accumulation on a
surface.
[0003] Surfaces of aircraft, power generation (e.g. wind turbines
and land-based gas turbines), and architectural components may
collect moisture that can freeze and debit the performance of the
component. The component may include an anti-icing or icephobic
coating to reduce ice accumulation by reducing adhesion between the
ice and the coating. In operation of the component, sheer loads
from drag, wind, or other forces exceed the adhesive strength and
shed the accumulated ice.
SUMMARY
[0004] An article according to an example of the present disclosure
includes a superhydrophobic body that has a matrix of at least one
of silicone or polysiloxane, and non-silica (SiO2) particles
dispersed through the matrix. The non-silica (SiO2) particles
include at least one of oxide particles, non-oxide ceramic
particles, metal particles, polymer particles, carbon particles,
metal hydroxide particles, or oxide-hydroxide particles.
[0005] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include at least one of the metal
particles or the carbon particles.
[0006] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include at least one of the metal
hydroxide particles or the oxide-hydroxide particles.
[0007] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include the oxide particles.
[0008] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include at least one of the metal
particles or the non-oxide ceramic particles.
[0009] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include the non-oxide ceramic
particles.
[0010] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include the polymer particles, and
the polymer particles are polytetrafluorothylene particles.
[0011] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include at least two different
kinds of particles with respect to composition.
[0012] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
one of the at least two different kinds of particles is microsphere
particles.
[0013] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
one of the at least two different kinds of particles is hydrophobic
particles and another of the at least two different kinds of
particles is water durability particles. The water durability
particles increase water durability of the superhydrophobic coating
with respect to ability to retain superhydrophobic surface
properties over prolonged immersion in liquid water.
[0014] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles include at least two different
kinds of particles with respect to size.
[0015] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the superhydrophobic body has a mass ratio of the two different
kinds of particles that is between 0.3 and 2.
[0016] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the non-silica (SiO2) particles have a surface roughness on the
nanometer scale.
[0017] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the superhydrophobic body consists essentially of the silicone or
polysiloxane.
[0018] An article according to an example of the present disclosure
includes a substrate and a superhydrophobic coating on the
substrate. The superhydrophobic coating includes a matrix of at
least one of silicone or polysiloxane and particles dispersed
through the matrix. The particles include at least one of non-oxide
ceramic particles, metal particles, or carbon particles.
[0019] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the particles include the metal particles.
[0020] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the particles include the non-oxide ceramic particles.
[0021] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments,
the particles include the carbon particles.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The various features and advantages of the disclosed
examples will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the
following detailed description. The drawings that accompany the
detailed description can be briefly described as follows.
[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates an example coated article.
[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates another example coated article having at
least two different kinds of hydrophobic particles.
[0025] FIG. 3 illustrates a graph of water (deionized) contact
angle versus time immersed in water.
[0026] FIG. 4 illustrates another example coated article having a
primer layer between a superhydrophobic coating and a
substrate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates selected portions of an example coated
article 20 having anti-icing or icephobic properties. It is to be
understood that the coated article 20 may be any type of component
that would benefit from anti-icing. For instance, the coated
article 20 may be an aircraft component, aerospace component, heat
exchanger component, wind turbine component or any other component
where there is a desire to reduce or eliminate ice formation.
[0028] The coated article 20 generally includes a substrate 22 and
a superhydrophobic coating 24 on the substrate 22. The term
"superhydrophobic" and variations thereof refers to an advancing
water contact angle that is greater than 140.degree. and a receding
water contact angle that is within 20% of the advancing water
contact angle. In the illustrated embodiment, the superhydrophobic
coating 24 is located on the surface of the substrate 22 exposed to
the surrounding environment to protect the substrate 22 from ice
formation. The substrate 22 may comprise any material to which the
superhydrophobic coating 24 may adhere, including metal alloys
(e.g. alloys based on the metals aluminum, titanium, nickel,
cobalt, iron, etc.), polymers, polymer blends, ceramics, glasses,
and/or composites and combinations thereof. In comparison to
icephobic coatings that address anti-icing via reducing ice
adhesion strength, the superhydrophobic coatings of the present
disclosure are designed to shed water and thereby avoid ice
formation. The superhydrophobic coating 24 may be considered to be
an anti-icing or icephobic coating and may reduce or inhibit ice
accumulation on the substrate by retarding or preventing the
nucleation or formation of ice. The superhydrophobic coating 24 is
designed to be compatible with or stable to intermittent or
extended exposures at elevated temperatures (up to
.about.550.degree. F.), such as might be encountered in certain
aerospace components. The superhydrophobic coating 24 is further
designed to be simple to apply. In the simplest embodiment the
superhydrophobic coating 24 is applied to the substrate 22 as a
single layer in one deposition step (e.g. a single spray coating,
flow coating, dip coating, etc. application), although certain
attributes may also be attained through a multi-step or multi-layer
application process.
[0029] The superhydrophobic coating 24 is a composite of a silicone
polymer 26a (e.g., matrix) and hydrophobic particles 26b (e.g.,
filler particles). The silicone polymer 26a may contain additives
or processing aids, such as anti-foaming agents, pigments, dyes,
stabilizers, and the like known to those practiced in the art. The
silicone polymer may be a silicone, fluorosilicone, polysiloxane,
room temperature vulcanized silicone, or other type of silicone
composition or combination thereof. The particles 26b are
inherently hydrophobic or surface-functionalized with a hydrophobic
agent that renders the particle surfaces hydrophobic and contribute
to the superhydrophobic properties of the coating 24.
[0030] The particles 26b may be nanosized particles. In one
example, the particles 26b are monodisperse nanosized silica, such
as fumed amorphous silica (SiO2). Alternatively, the particles 26b
may include combinations of different sized particles. Other
suitable nanosized particles may include crystalline and amorphous
oxides, non-oxide ceramics, metals and metal alloys, polymers and
polymer blends, carbons, and metal hydroxides and oxide-hydroxides
(such as natural and synthetic clays, mica, and diatomaceous
earth). If the particles 26b are not inherently hydrophobic their
surfaces may be rendered hydrophobic by surface functionalizing
with an appropriate hydrophobic agent. The hydrophobic agent may be
any type of agent that suitably bonds to the surfaces of the
particles 26b and renders the particles hydrophobic. For example,
the hydrophobic agent may be a functionalized silane coupling
agent, polydimethylsiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane, octylsilane,
dimethyldichlorosilane, or a combination thereof.
[0031] The composition of the superhydrophobic coating 24 may be
characterized by a mass ratio of the silicone polymer 26a to the
hydrophobic particles 26b. In one example, the mass ratio is
between 0.5 and 3, and in some examples 0.5-1.5. In a further
example, the superhydrophobic coating 24 may include only the
silicone polymer 26a and the particles 26b. The use of nanosized
hydrophobic particles 26b in combination with the silicone polymer
26a may render the coating 24 superhydrophobic. That is, the
superhydrophobic coating 24 exhibits an advancing water contact
angle that is greater than 140.degree. and a receding water contact
angle that is within 20% of the advancing water contact angle
(i.e., a contact angle hysteresis that is less than 20%). A user
may determine the advancing and receding water contact angles with
known equipment and testing techniques, such as the Wilhelmy plate
method or using a contact angle goniometer.
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates another example coated article 120. In
this disclosure, like reference numerals designate like elements
where appropriate, and reference numerals with the addition of
one-hundred or multiples thereof designate modified elements that
are understood to incorporate the same features and benefits of the
corresponding original elements. In this case, the coated article
120 includes a superhydrophobic coating 124 on the substrate 22.
The superhydrophobic coating 124 includes a silicone polymer 126a
and particles 126b, as described with regard to FIG. 1.
Additionally, the superhydrophobic coating 124 includes particles
128. That is, the superhydrophobic coating 124 includes at least
two different kinds of hydrophobic particles, the particles 126b
and the particles 128. The particles 126b and the particles 128 may
differ in composition, size, morphology, or other
characteristic.
[0033] In the illustrated example, the particles 126b may be
nanosized hydrophobic particles, as described above, and the
particles 128 may be microsized particles. The microsized particles
128 may be polymeric, such as silicone or polytetrafluoroethylene
particles, and have a surface roughness on the nanometer scale
(0.1-500 nanometers). The particles 128 cooperate with the
particles 126b and the silicone polymer 126a to contribute to the
superhydrophobic properties of the coating 124. In this regard, the
particles 128 reduce the need to use high amounts of the particles
126b. Thus, the superhydrophobic coating 124 can include generally
less of the particles 126b in comparison to a coating that does not
include the particles 128 and maintain approximately the same or
better hydrophobicity performance.
[0034] In one example, the superhydrophobic coating 124 includes a
mass ratio of the silicone polymer 126a to the particles 126b that
is 0.5-10 and a mass ratio of the microsized particles 128 to
nanosized particles 126b that is 0-10, such as 0.1-10. In a more
particular example, the mass ratio of silicone polymer 126a to
particles 126b is 4-6 and the mass ratio of particles 128 to
particles 126b is 0.3-2. Using surface functionalized nanosized
silica particles as the particles 126b and microsized silicone
particles as the particles 128 renders the coating 124 to be
superhydrophobic.
[0035] The microsized particles may have a size of 1-100
micrometers, and in some examples 5-25 micrometers. The nanosized
silica particles may have a size of 1-200 nanometers, and in some
examples 1-50 nanometers. The microsized particles 128 may be
regarded as a "roughening agent" to the silicone polymer 126a to
enhance the surface roughness of the superhydrophobic coating 124
and enhance hydrophobicity.
[0036] Alternatively, the microsized particles 128 may be a
ceramic, metallic, polymeric, or composite material having
hydrophobic properties and a surface roughness on the nanometer
scale (0.1-500 nanometers). Particles 128 may be inherently
hydrophobic or surface-functionalized with a hydrophobic agent.
Further, microsized particles that are not hydrophobic may also be
suitable in certain coating formulations, if the microsized
particles are sufficiently coated or wetted by the silicone matrix
of the coating.
[0037] Utilizing at least two different kinds of particles in the
superhydrophobic coating 124 also enhances the water durability of
the superhydrophobic coating 124. Herein, water durability is
defined as the ability of the superhydrophobic coating 124 to
retain superhydrophobic surface properties (i.e. advancing contact
angle >140.degree. with less than 20% contact angle hysteresis)
over prolonged immersion in liquid water.
[0038] FIG. 3 illustrates a graph of water contact angle versus
time immersed in water. Sample 1 and sample 2 were prepared by
depositing coatings of different compositions on substrates using a
known dip coating technique and a suspension of silicone polymer
(NUSIL R-2180) and nanosized silica particles (ALFA-AESAR), as
described above, in methyl ethyl ketone. Sample 1 additionally
included microsized silicone particles (TOSPEARL 1110A
polydimethylsiloxane microspheres) as described above. The
microsized silicone microspheres had an average size of
approximately 11 micrometers and a relatively smooth surface
morphology having a roughness on the nanometer scale. Samples 1 and
2 were aged by immersing the coated substrates in deionized water
at ambient temperature.
[0039] The graph line 230 represents a plot of the advancing water
contact angle of sample 1 as a function of time immersed, and the
graph line 232 represents a plot of the receding water contact
angle of sample number 1. Graph line 234 represents a plot of the
advancing water contact angle of sample number 2 as a function of
time immersed, and graph line 236 represents a plot of the receding
water contact angle of sample number 2. The receding contact angle
236 of sample 2 declined substantially as a function of time
immersed in the water. The receding contact angle 232 of sample 1
did not exhibit such a decline and suggests that the particles 128,
such as the microsized silicone particles in sample 1, enhance
water durability of superhydrophobic coatings.
[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates another example coated article 220 that
is similar to the coated article 20 of FIG. 1 but includes a primer
layer 240 between the superhydrophobic coating 24 and the substrate
22. For instance, the primer layer 240 may be a metal-organic
material that is adapted to bond to the superhydrophobic coating 24
and the material of the substrate 22.
[0041] Although a combination of features is shown in the
illustrated examples, not all of them need to be combined to
realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In
other words, a system designed according to an embodiment of this
disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown
in any one of the Figures or all of the portions schematically
shown in the Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example
embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example
embodiments.
[0042] The preceding description is exemplary rather than limiting
in nature. Variations and modifications to the disclosed examples
may become apparent to those skilled in the art that do not
necessarily depart from the essence of this disclosure. The scope
of legal protection given to this disclosure can only be determined
by studying the following claims.
* * * * *