U.S. patent application number 14/888554 was filed with the patent office on 2016-04-21 for fluid temperature adjustment device.
This patent application is currently assigned to AISIN AW CO., LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is AISIN AW CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Tomomi ISHIKAWA, Hiroshi KATO, Eikichi KIDOKORO, Toru MURAYAMA, Tomohiro NAKAMURA, Michio NOBATA.
Application Number | 20160109194 14/888554 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51933431 |
Filed Date | 2016-04-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160109194 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KATO; Hiroshi ; et
al. |
April 21, 2016 |
FLUID TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT DEVICE
Abstract
A fluid temperature adjustment device that includes a
circulation flow path that circulates the cooling water in one
direction between the engine and the radiator; a first flow path
branched from the circulation flow path at a location downstream of
the engine and upstream of the radiator; a second flow path
branched from the circulation flow path at a location downstream of
the radiator and upstream of the engine; a third flow path that
communicates with a cooling water outlet of the heat exchanger and
that is merged with the circulation flow path at a location
downstream of the radiator and upstream of the engine; and a
switching valve that selectively communicates between one of the
first and second flow paths and a cooling water inlet of the heat
exchanger.
Inventors: |
KATO; Hiroshi; (Kariya,
JP) ; NOBATA; Michio; (Chiryu, JP) ; MURAYAMA;
Toru; (Nagoya, JP) ; KIDOKORO; Eikichi;
(Nishio, JP) ; NAKAMURA; Tomohiro; (Nishio,
JP) ; ISHIKAWA; Tomomi; (Anjo, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AISIN AW CO., LTD. |
Anjo-shi |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
AISIN AW CO., LTD.
Anjo-shi
JP
|
Family ID: |
51933431 |
Appl. No.: |
14/888554 |
Filed: |
May 7, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
May 7, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2014/062223 |
371 Date: |
November 2, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/100 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01P 7/165 20130101;
F28F 13/06 20130101; F28D 2021/0089 20130101; F16H 57/0413
20130101; F01P 3/20 20130101; F01P 2060/045 20130101; F28F 27/02
20130101 |
International
Class: |
F28F 13/06 20060101
F28F013/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 21, 2013 |
JP |
2013-106955 |
Claims
1. A fluid temperature adjustment device that includes a radiator
that cools cooling water for an engine and a heat exchanger that
exchanges heat between the cooling water and a working fluid for a
transmission, the fluid temperature adjustment e device comprising:
a circulation flow path that circulates the cooling water in one
direction between the engine and the radiator; a first flow path
branched from the circulation flow path at a location downstream of
the engine and upstream of the radiator; a second flow path
branched from the circulation flow path at a location downstream of
the radiator and upstream of the engine; a third flow path that
communicates with a cooling water outlet of the heat exchanger and
that is merged with the circulation flow path at a location
downstream of the radiator and upstream of the engine; and a
switching valve that selectively communicates between one of the
first and second flow paths and a cooling water inlet of the heat
exchanger.
2. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 1,
wherein the switching valve selectively communicates between one of
the first and second flow paths and the cooling water inlet of the
heat exchanger in accordance with a temperature of the working
fluid.
3. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 2,
wherein the third flow path is merged with the circulation flow
path at a location downstream of a branched portion between the
circulation flow path and the second flow path and upstream of the
engine.
4. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 3,
wherein the switching valve communicates between the first flow
path and the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger when the
temperature of the working fluid is less than a first temperature,
and communicates between the second flow path and the cooling water
inlet of the heat exchanger when the temperature of the working
fluid is equal to or more than a second temperature that is higher
than the first temperature.
5. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 4,
wherein the switching valve includes a first input port that
communicates with the first flow path, a second input port that
communicates with the second flow path, an output port that
communicates with the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger, a
spool that moves in an axial direction to selectively communicate
between one of the first and second input ports and the output
port, a spring that urges the spool in the axial direction, and a
thermally expandable material attached to the spool; and the
thermally expandable material permits the spool to be urged by the
spring to be moved, and moves the spool against an urging force of
the spring, in accordance with the temperature of the working
fluid.
6. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 2,
wherein the switching valve communicates between the first flow
path and the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger when the
temperature of the working fluid is less than a first temperature,
and communicates between the second flow path and the cooling water
inlet of the heat exchanger when the temperature of the working
fluid is equal to or more than a second temperature that is higher
than the first temperature.
7. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 6,
wherein the switching valve includes a first input port that
communicates with the first flow path, a second input port that
communicates with the second flow path, an output port that
communicates with the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger, a
spool that moves in an axial direction to selectively communicate
between one of the first and second input ports and the output
port, a spring that urges the spool in the axial direction, and a
thermally expandable material attached to the spool; and the
thermally expandable material permits the spool to be urged by the
spring to be moved, and moves the spool against an urging force of
the spring, in accordance with the temperature of the working
fluid.
8. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 1,
wherein the third flow path is merged with the circulation flow
path at a location downstream of a branched portion between the
circulation flow path and the second flow path and upstream of the
engine.
9. The fluid temperature adjustment device according to claim 8,
wherein the switching valve includes a first input port that
communicates with the first flow path, a second input port that
communicates with the second flow path, an output port that
communicates with the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger, a
spool that moves in an axial direction to selectively communicate
between one of the first and second input ports and the output
port, a spring that urges the spool in the axial direction, and a
thermally expandable material attached to the spool; and the
thermally expandable material permits the spool to be urged by the
spring to be moved, and moves the spool against an urging force of
the spring, in accordance with the temperature of the working
fluid.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a fluid temperature
adjustment device that includes a radiator that cools cooling water
for an engine and a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the
cooling water and a working fluid for a transmission.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Hitherto, there has been known a fluid temperature
adjustment device of this type, including: a radiator that cools
cooling water for an internal combustion engine (engine); a
removal-side main flow path for taking out a working fluid (ATF)
for use in an automatic transmission or the like from the automatic
transmission; first and second flow paths that communicate with the
removal-side main flow path via an electromagnetic switching valve;
a return-side main flow path for returning the working fluid from
the first and second flow paths to the automatic transmission; a
first heat exchanger provided in the radiator and disposed at the
middle of the first flow path to exchange heat between cooling
water for the internal combustion engine and the working fluid; and
a second heat exchanger disposed at the middle of the second flow
path (see Patent Document 1, for example). In the fluid temperature
adjustment device, when the temperature of the working fluid
detected by an oil temperature sensor is less than a determination
value a, the switching valve is controlled such that the working
fluid flows only to the first flow path so that only the first heat
exchanger exchanges heat with the working fluid. When the
temperature of the working fluid is equal to or more than the
determination value a, on the other hand, the switching valve is
controlled such that the working fluid flows in both the first and
second flow paths so that both the first and second heat exchangers
exchange heat with the working fluid. In the fluid temperature
adjustment device, in this way, the number of heat exchangers
through which the working fluid passes is changed in accordance
with the temperature of the working fluid to suppress an excessive
rise in temperature of the working fluid, overcooling of the
working fluid, and so forth.
[0003] [Related-art Documents]
[0004] [Patent Documents]
[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication
No. 2011-2099 (JP 2011-2099 A)
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] If a plurality of heat exchangers are used to adjust the
temperature of the working fluid as in the fluid temperature
adjustment device according to the related art described above, the
size of the device may be increased. Therefore, it is desirable
that the temperature of the working fluid should be adjusted by
only the first heat exchanger which exchanges heat between cooling
water and the working fluid. In the case where the first heat
exchanger exchanges heat between cooling water at a relatively low
temperature which has been cooled by the radiator and the working
fluid, however, it is difficult to immediately raise the
temperature of the working fluid when the temperature of the
working fluid is low, and a large loss may be caused in each
hydraulic device, object to be lubricated, and so forth of the
automatic transmission because of the viscous drag of the working
fluid which is at a low temperature and has high viscosity. In the
case where the first heat exchanger exchanges heat between cooling
water at a relatively high temperature which has not been cooled by
the radiator and the working fluid, on the other hand, it is
difficult to immediately lower the temperature of the working fluid
when the temperature of the working fluid is high, and an oil film
on a sliding portion such as each object to be lubricated of the
automatic transmission may become thin because of the high
temperature and the low viscosity of the working fluid, as a result
of which the sliding portion may not be lubricated and cooled
well,
[0007] It is therefore a main object of the present invention to
adequately adjust the temperature of a working fluid for a
transmission using a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between
cooling water for an engine and the working fluid.
[0008] In order to achieve the foregoing main object, the fluid
temperature adjustment device according to the present invention
adopts the following means.
[0009] The present invention provides [0010] a fluid temperature
adjustment device that includes a radiator that cools cooling water
for an engine and a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the
cooling water and a working fluid for a transmission, characterized
by including: [0011] a circulation flow path that circulates the
cooling water in one direction between the engine and the radiator;
[0012] a first flow path branched from the circulation flow path at
a location downstream of the engine and upstream of the radiator;
[0013] a second flow path branched from the circulation flow path
at a location downstream of the radiator and upstream of the
engine; [0014] a third flow path that communicates with a cooling
water outlet of the heat exchanger and that is merged with the
circulation flow path at a location downstream of the radiator and
upstream of the engine; and [0015] a switching valve that
selectively communicates between one of the first and second flow
paths and a cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger,
[0016] The fluid temperature adjustment device includes the
circulation flow path which circulates cooling water for the engine
in one direction between the engine and the radiator. The first
flow path is branched from the circulation flow path at a location
downstream of the engine and upstream of the radiator. The second
flow path is branched from the circulation flow path at a location
downstream of the radiator and upstream of the engine. In addition,
the third flow path which communicates with the cooling water
outlet of the heat exchanger is merged with the circulation flow
path at a location downstream of the radiator and upstream of the
engine. The switching valve selectively communicates between one of
the first and second flow paths and the cooling water inlet of the
heat exchanger. Consequently, heat can be exchanged between cooling
water at a relatively high temperature which has not been cooled by
the radiator and the working fluid by causing the switching valve
to communicate between the first flow path and the cooling water
inlet of the heat exchanger. On the other hand, heat can be
exchanged between cooling water at a relatively low temperature
which has been cooled by the radiator and the working fluid by
causing the switching valve to communicate between the second flow
path and the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger. Thus, with
the fluid temperature adjustment device, it is possible to
adequately adjust the temperature of the working fluid for the
transmission using the heat exchanger which exchanges heat between
cooling water for the engine and the working fluid.
[0017] In addition, the switching valve may selectively communicate
between one of the first and second flow paths and the cooling
water inlet of the heat exchanger in accordance with a temperature
of the working fluid. Consequently, the switching valve can switch
to exchange heat between cooling water at a relatively high
temperature which has not been cooled by the radiator and the
working fluid, and to exchange heat between cooling water at a
relatively low temperature which has been cooled by the radiator
and the working fluid, in accordance with the temperature of the
working fluid. Thus, the temperature of the working fluid can be
adjusted further more adequately by the heat exchanger which
exchanges heat between cooling water and the working fluid.
[0018] Further, the third flow path may be merged with the
circulation flow path at a location downstream of a branched
portion between the circulation flow path and the second flow path
and upstream of the engine. Consequently, it is possible to
suppress an inflow of cooling water which has been subjected to
heat exchange with the working fluid in the heat exchanger again
into the heat exchanger via the second flow path, which enhances
the efficiency of heat exchange between cooling water and the
working fluid performed in the heat exchanger.
[0019] In addition, the switching valve may communicate between the
first flow path and the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger
when the temperature of the working fluid is less than a first
temperature, and may communicate between the second flow path and
the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger when the temperature
of the working fluid is equal to or more than a second temperature
that is higher than the first temperature. Consequently, heat can
be exchanged between cooling water at a relatively high temperature
which has not been cooled by the radiator and the working fluid by
causing the switching valve to communicate between the first flow
path and the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger when the
temperature of the working fluid is less than the first temperature
which is relatively low and the temperature of the working fluid
should be raised. Therefore, the temperature of the working fluid
can be raised immediately. On the other hand, heat can be exchanged
between cooling water at a relatively low temperature which has
been cooled by the radiator and the working fluid by causing the
switching valve to communicate between the second flow path and the
cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger when the temperature of
the working fluid is equal to or more than a relatively high
temperature, that is, the second temperature which is higher than
the first temperature, and the temperature of the working fluid
should be lowered. Therefore, the temperature of the working fluid
can be lowered immediately.
[0020] Further, the switching valve may include a first input port
that communicates with the first flow path, a second input port
that communicates with the second flow path, an output port that
communicates with the cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger, a
spool that moves in an axial direction to selectively communicate
between one of the first and second input ports and the output
port, a spring that urges the spool in the axial direction, and a
thermally expandable material attached to the spool; and the
thermally expandable material may permit the spool to be urged by
the spring to be moved, and move the spool against an urging force
of the spring, in accordance with the temperature of the working
fluid. Consequently, the spool can be automatically moved in the
axial direction in accordance with the temperature of the working
fluid to selectively communicate between one of the first and
second flow paths and the output port, that is, between one of the
first and second input ports and the cooling water inlet of the
heat exchanger.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration
of a fluid temperature adjustment device according to an embodiment
of the present invention.
[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates a switching valve included in the fluid
temperature adjustment device.
[0023] FIG. 3 illustrates the switching valve included in the fluid
temperature adjustment device.
[0024] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of the
fluid temperature adjustment device.
[0025] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of the
fluid temperature adjustment device.
[0026] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of the
fluid temperature adjustment device.
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0027] Now, an embodiment of the present invention will be
described with reference to the drawings.
[0028] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration
of a fluid temperature adjustment device 10 according to an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0029] The fluid temperature adjustment device 10 illustrated in
the drawing is mounted on a vehicle that includes an engine 12 and
a transaxle 20 that transfers power from the engine 12 to drive
wheels, and adjusts the temperature of cooling water (LLC) for
cooling the engine 12 and a working fluid (ATF) for the transaxle
20.
[0030] The transaxle 20 included in a vehicle that incorporates the
fluid temperature adjustment device 10 includes: a transaxle case
22; a fluid transmission apparatus 23 that serves as a starting
device; an oil pump 24 driven by power from the engine 12; an
automatic transmission 25 that outputs power from the engine 12
transferred via the fluid transmission apparatus 23 with the speed
of the power changed by a plurality of shift speeds; a hydraulic
control device 26 that supplies a working fluid discharged from the
oil pump 24 to each hydraulic device and object to be lubricated
such as a clutch included in the fluid transmission apparatus 23
and the automatic transmission 25; and a control device 30 that
controls such components. The fluid transmission apparatus 23, the
oil pump 24, the automatic transmission 25, and the hydraulic
control device 26 are disposed inside the transaxle case 22. It
should be noted, however, that the hydraulic control device 26 may
be disposed outside the transaxle case 22. In addition, the
automatic transmission 25 may be a mechanical or electrical
continuous variable transmission.
[0031] The fluid temperature adjustment device 10 is controlled by
the control device 30, and includes: a circulation flow path 101
that forms a circulation path for cooling water and that includes a
heat exchange portion (not illustrated) formed in a cylinder block
or a cylinder head of the engine 12; a bypass flow path 102
branched from the circulation flow path 101; a water pump 103 that
is incorporated in the engine 12 and that circulates cooling water
in one direction in the circulation flow path 101; a radiator 104
that is disposed at the middle of the circulation flow path 101 and
that cools cooling water flowing in the circulation flow path 101
using a wind or an electric fan (not illustrated); and a thermostat
105 disposed in the circulation flow path 101 at a location
downstream of the engine 102 and upstream of the radiator 104.
[0032] The circulation flow path 101 is composed of a pre-cooling
flow path 101a provided downstream of the water pump 103 and
upstream of the radiator 104, and a post-cooling flow path 101b
provided downstream of the radiator 104 and upstream of the water
pump 103. The bypass flow path 102 is branched from the pre-cooling
flow path 101a at a location upstream of the thermostat 105, and
merged with the post-cooling flow path 101b at a location before
the water pump 103. In the embodiment, the water pump 103 is
constituted as an electric pump, and drive of the water pump 103 is
controlled by the control device 30. The thermostat 105 blocks an
inflow of cooling water into the radiator 104 when a temperature Tw
of cooling water flowing in the pre-cooling flow path 101a is less
than a cooling start temperature Tws determined in advance, and
permits an inflow of cooling water flowing in the circulation flow
path 101 into the radiator 104 when the temperature Tw of cooling
water is equal to or more than the cooling start temperature Tws.
It should be noted, however, that the thermostat 105 may gradually
permit an inflow of cooling water into the radiator 104 in
accordance with a rise in temperature Tw when the temperature Tw of
cooling water is equal to or more than the cooling start
temperature Tws.
[0033] The fluid temperature adjustment device 10 further includes:
a heat exchanger 110 that exchanges heat between cooling water for
the engine 12 and a working fluid used by the transaxle 20, that
is, the fluid transmission apparatus 23 and the automatic
transmission 25; a first flow path 111 branched from the
pre-cooling flow path 101a; a second flow path 112 branched from
the post-cooling flow path 101b; a third flow path 113 that
communicates with a cooling water outlet 110o of the heat exchanger
110 and that is merged with the post-cooling flow path 101b; and a
switching valve 120 that selectively communicates one of the first
and second flow paths 111 and 112 with a cooling water inlet 110i
of the heat exchanger 110 in accordance with a temperature Ta of
the working fluid.
[0034] The heat exchanger 110 is incorporated in a working fluid
path 114 that guides a working fluid drained from the hydraulic
control device 26 to various objects to be lubricated of the fluid
transmission apparatus 23 and the automatic transmission 25
disposed in the transaxle case 22. In the embodiment, the heat
exchanger 110 is disposed outside the transaxle case 22. The heat
exchanger 110 is configured to exchange heat between cooling water
that flows into the cooling water inlet 110i via the switching
valve 120 from one of the first and second flow paths 111 and 112
and that flows out from the cooling water outlet 110o and a working
fluid drained from the hydraulic control device 26 to flow in the
working fluid path 114. The first flow path 111 is branched from
the pre-cooling flow path 101a at a location downstream of the
engine 12 and upstream of the radiator 104 (thermostat 105), and
connected to the switching valve 120. Meanwhile, the second flow
path 112 is branched from the post-cooling flow path 101 b at a
location downstream of the radiator 104 and upstream of the engine
12, and connected to the switching valve 120. Further, the third
flow path 113 is merged with the post-cooling flow path 101b at a
location downstream of the branched portion between the
post-cooling flow path 101b and the second flow path 112 and
upstream of the engine 12 (water pump 103).
[0035] The switching valve 120 is constituted as a thermo-valve
that automatically selectively communicates between one of the
first and second flow paths 111 and 112 and the cooling water inlet
110i of the heat exchanger 110 in accordance with the temperature
Ta of the working fluid, and provided together with the heat
exchanger 110. FIG. 2 illustrates the switching valve 120 according
to the embodiment. As illustrated in the drawing, the switching
valve 120 includes: a first input port 120a that communicates with
the first flow path 111; a second input port 120b that communicates
with the second flow path 112; an output port 120c that
communicates with the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat
exchanger 110; a spool 121 that moves in the axial direction to
selectively communicate between one of the first and second input
ports 120a and 120b and the output port 120c; a spring 122 that
abuts against one end (upper end in FIG. 2) of the spool 121 in the
axial direction and that urges the spool 121 in the axial direction
(downward in FIG. 2); a thermally expandable material 123 attached
to a distal end portion 121s of the spool 121 on the other end side
(lower side in FIG. 2) in the axial direction; a movement
restriction member 124 that restricts movement of the thermally
expandable material 123 from one end side toward the other end side
(lower side in FIG. 2) of the spool 121; and an in-valve working
fluid path 125 connected to the working fluid path 114 and formed
such that at least a part of the working fluid before heat exchange
by the heat exchanger 110 flows inside the in-valve working fluid
path 125 and the working fluid contacts the thermally expandable
material 123.
[0036] The spool 121 is configured to be able to establish a first
communication state (see FIG. 2) in which the first input port 120a
and the output port 120c communicate with each other and a second
communication state (see FIG. 3) in which the second input port
120b and the output port 120c communicate with each other. The
distal end portion 121s of the spool 121 is formed so as to be
reduced in diameter from one end side (upper side in FIG. 2) toward
the other end side (lower side in FIG. 2) of the spool 121. That
is, the outer peripheral surface of the distal end portion 121s is
formed to be tapered so as to approach the axis from one end side
toward the other end side of the spool 121. The thermally
expandable material 123 is formed to be annular from a metal such
as aluminum or magnesium or a resin such as rubber, for example,
and is expandable or contractible at least in the radial direction
of the spool 121 in accordance with the temperature Ta of the
working fluid flowing in the in-valve working fluid path 125. The
distal end portion 121 s of the spool 121 is inserted through a
center hole of the thermally expandable material 123. The movement
restriction member 124 is fixed to a valve body of the switching
valve 120 so as to abut against an end surface of the thermally
expandable material 123 on the lower side (distal end portion 121s
side) in FIG. 2.
[0037] In the switching valve 120 configured as discussed above,
when the thermally expandable material 123 is contracted at least
in the radial direction of the spool 121 in accordance with the
temperature Ta of the working fluid, the distal end portion 121s
having an outer peripheral surface formed to be tapered is pressed
in the radial direction by the thermally expandable material 123,
and the spool 121 receives a force directed upward in the axial
direction in FIG. 2, that is, a force in the direction opposite to
the direction in which the spool 121 is urged by the spring 122,
from the thermally expandable material 123. As a result, the spool
121 can be moved upward in FIG. 2 (toward the side opposite to the
direction in which the spool 121 is urged by the spring 122)
against the urging force of the spring 122 in accordance with
contraction of the thermally expandable material 123, and the spool
121 is held at a position at which the force applied from the
thermally expandable material 123 to the spool 121 and the urging
force of the spring 122 are balanced with each other (state
illustrated in FIG. 2). When the thermally expandable material 123
is expanded at least in the radial direction of the spool 121 in
accordance with the temperature Ta of the working fluid, on the
other hand, the force which presses the distal end portion 121s of
the spool 121 in the radial direction is reduced along with the
expansion, and therefore the upward force in the axial direction
applied from the thermally expandable material 123 to the spool 121
is also reduced. As a result, the spool 121 is permitted to be
urged by the spring 122 to be moved downward in the drawing
(direction in which the spool 121 is urged by the spring 122), and
the spool 121 is held at a position at which the force applied from
the thermally expandable material 123 and the urging force of the
spring 122 are balanced with each other (state illustrated in FIG.
3).
[0038] In the embodiment, the switching valve 120 is configured
such that the thermally expandable material 123 holds the spool 121
in the first communication state illustrated in FIG. 2 against the
urging force of the spring 122 when the temperature Ta of the
working fluid flowing in the in-valve working fluid path 125 is
less than a first temperature Ta1 (e.g. 90.degree.). Consequently,
when the temperature Ta of the working fluid is less than the first
temperature Ta1, communication between the first input port 120a,
that is, the first flow path 111, and the output port 120c, that
is, the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110, is
allowed. Meanwhile, the switching valve 120 is configured such that
the thermally expandable material 123 is gradually expanded in
accordance with a rise in temperature of the working fluid to
permit movement of the spool 121 in the direction in which the
spool 121 is urged by the spring 122 when the temperature Ta of the
working fluid flowing in the in-valve working fluid path 125 is
higher than the first temperature Ta1, and such that the thermally
expandable material 123 holds the spool 121 in the second
communication state illustrated in FIG. 3 when the temperature Ta
of the working fluid is equal to or more than a second temperature
Ta2 that is higher than the first temperature Ta1. Consequently,
when the temperature Ta of the working fluid is equal to or more
than the second temperature Ta2, communication between the first
input port 120a, that is, the first flow path 111, and the output
port 120c, that is, the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat
exchanger 110, is blocked, and communication between the second
input port 120b, that is, the second flow path 112, and the output
port 120c, that is, the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat
exchanger 110, is allowed. The second temperature Ta2 is determined
in accordance with the characteristics of the thermally expandable
material 123, and may be a temperature that is slightly higher than
the first temperature Ta1, or may be a temperature that is
relatively higher than the first temperature Ta1.
[0039] Subsequently, operation of the fluid temperature adjustment
device 10 configured as discussed above will be described with
reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. When the temperature Tw of cooling water
detected by a temperature sensor (not illustrated) is less than a
pump drive start temperature Tw1 (e.g. 60.degree. C.) determined in
advance, the control device 30 stops operation of the water pump
103. Consequently, circulation of cooling water is stopped to
promote warm-up of the engine 12 when the engine 12 should be
warmed up immediately such as when the vehicle is started, for
example.
[0040] When the temperature Tw of cooling water is equal to or more
than the pump drive start temperature Tw1, in contrast, the control
device 30 actuates the water pump 103 so that the water pump 103
circulates cooling water in the circulation flow path 101. In this
event, in the case where the temperature Tw of cooling water is
less than the cooling start temperature Tws discussed above, an
inflow of cooling water into the radiator 104 is blocked by the
thermostat 105. Therefore, cooling water flows from the pre-cooling
flow path 101a into the post-cooling flow path 101b via the bypass
flow path 102 as indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 4, and is
pumped again by the water pump 103 to circulate in one direction in
the circulation flow path 101 formed in the engine 12.
[0041] In this event, in addition, cooling water flowing in the
circulation flow path 101 also flows from the pre-cooling flow path
101a toward the switching valve 120 via the first flow path 111. In
general, the temperature Ta of the working fluid in the transaxle
20 is lower than the temperature Tw of cooling water which has not
been cooled by the radiator 104 irrespective of the state of the
thermostat 105. When the temperature Tw of cooling water is less
than the cooling start temperature Tws, the temperature Ta of the
working fluid is basically less than the first temperature Ta1.
Thus, the thermally expandable material 123 holds the spool 121 in
the first communication state illustrated in FIG. 2 against the
urging force of the spring 122, which allows communication between
the first flow path 111 and the cooling water inlet 110i of the
heat exchanger 110. Consequently, cooling water that has flowed
from the pre-cooling flow path 101a to the first flow path 111
flows into the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110
via the switching valve 120. As a result, heat can be exchanged in
the heat exchanger 110 between cooling water at a relatively high
temperature which has not been cooled by the radiator 104 and the
working fluid at a relatively low temperature flowing in the
working fluid path 114 to immediately raise the temperature of the
working fluid using cooling water when the temperature Ta of the
working fluid is less than the first temperature Ta1 which is
relatively low and the temperature of the working fluid should be
raised. Thus, it is possible to suppress a large loss caused in
each hydraulic device and object to be lubricated in the transaxle
20, that is, the fluid transmission apparatus 23 and the automatic
transmission 25, because of the viscous drag of the working fluid
which is at a low temperature and has high viscosity.
[0042] Then, cooling water that has passed through the heat
exchanger 110 flows into the post-cooling flow path 101b via the
third flow path 113 to be pumped again to the pre-cooling flow path
101a by the water pump 103. By causing cooling water to flow into
the post-cooling flow path 101b via the third flow path 113 which
is merged with the post-cooling flow path 101b at a location
downstream of the branched portion between the post-cooling flow
path 101b and the second flow path 112 in this way, it is possible
to suppress an inflow of cooling water that has been subjected to
heat exchange with the working fluid performed in the heat
exchanger 110 into the heat exchanger 110 again via the second flow
path 112, which enhances the efficiency of heat exchange between
cooling water and the working fluid performed in the heat exchanger
110.
[0043] When the temperature Tw of cooling water is equal to or more
than the cooling start temperature Tws, on the other hand, an
inflow of cooling water into the radiator 104 is permitted by the
thermostat 105. Therefore, cooling water flows from the pre-cooling
flow path 101a into the post-cooling flow path 101b via the
radiator 104 as indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 5, and is
pumped again to the pre-cooling flow path 101a by the water pump
103. Consequently, cooling water at a relatively high temperature
that is equal to or more than the cooling start temperature Tws can
be cooled by the radiator 104, and the engine 12 can be cooled
using the cooled cooling water. In this event, in the case where
the temperature Ta of the working fluid is still less than the
first temperature Ta1, the spool 121 of the switching valve 120
establishes the first communication state to allow communication
between the first flow path 111 and the cooling water inlet 110i of
the heat exchanger 110. Consequently, cooling water flows from the
pre-cooling flow path 101a into the cooling water inlet 110i of the
heat exchanger 110 via the first flow path 111 and the switching
valve 120 as indicated by the solid allow in FIG. 5. As a result,
heat can be exchanged in the heat exchanger 110 between cooling
water at a relatively high temperature which has not been cooled by
the radiator 104 and the working fluid at a relatively low
temperature flowing in the working fluid path 114 to immediately
raise the temperature of the working fluid using cooling water.
Then, cooling water that has passed through the heat exchanger 110
flows into the post-cooling flow path 101b via the third flow path
113 to be pumped again to the pre-cooling flow path 101a by the
water pump 103.
[0044] In the case where the temperature Tw of cooling water is
equal to or more than the cooling start temperature Tws and the
temperature Ta of the working fluid is equal to or more than the
first temperature Ta1, meanwhile, the thermally expandable material
123 of the switching valve 120 is gradually expanded as the
temperature Ta of the working fluid is raised, and the spool 121 is
permitted to be urged by the spring 122 to be moved downward in the
drawing (in the direction in which the spool 121 is urged by the
spring 122). Then, when the temperature Ta is equal to or more than
the second temperature Ta2, the spool 121 of the switching valve
120 establishes the second communication state. Consequently,
communication between the first flow path 111 and the cooling water
inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110 is blocked, communication
between the second flow path 112 and the cooling water inlet 110i
of the heat exchanger 110 is allowed, and cooling water flows from
the post-cooling flow path 101b into the cooling water inlet 110i
of the heat exchanger 110 via the second flow path 112 and the
switching valve 120 as indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 6. As a
result, heat can be exchanged in the heat exchanger 110 between
cooling water at a relatively low temperature which has been cooled
by the radiator 104 and the working fluid at a relatively high
temperature flowing in the working fluid path 114 to immediately
lower the temperature of the working fluid using cooling water when
the temperature of the working fluid is equal to or more than a
relatively high temperature, that is, the second temperature Ta2
which is higher than the first temperature Ta1, and the temperature
of the working fluid should be lowered. Thus, it is possible to
better suppress a situation in which an oil film on a sliding
portion such as each object to be lubricated of the automatic
transmission 25 becomes thin because of the high temperature and
the low viscosity of the working fluid, as a result of which the
sliding portion may not be lubricated and cooled well. Then,
cooling water that has passed through the heat exchanger 110 flows
into the post-cooling flow path 101b via the third flow path 113 to
be pumped again to the pre-cooling flow path 101a by the water pump
103.
[0045] As described above, the fluid temperature adjustment device
10 includes the circulation flow path 101 which circulates cooling
water for the engine 12 in one direction between the engine 12 and
the radiator 104, the first flow path 111 is branched from the
circulation flow path 101 at a location downstream of the engine 12
and upstream of the radiator 104, and the second flow path 112 is
branched from the circulation flow path 101 at a location
downstream of the radiator 104 and upstream of the engine 12. In
addition, the third flow path 113 which communicates with the
cooling water outlet 110o of the heat exchanger 110 is merged with
the circulation flow path 101 at a location downstream of the
radiator 104 and upstream of the engine 12. In the fluid
temperature adjustment device 10, the switching valve 120
selectively communicates between one of the first and second flow
paths 111 and 112 and the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat
exchanger 110. Consequently, heat can be exchanged between cooling
water at a relatively high temperature which has not been cooled by
the radiator 104 and the working fluid by causing the switching
valve 120 to communicate between the first flow path 111 and the
cooling water inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110. On the other
hand, heat can be exchanged between cooling water at a relatively
low temperature which has been cooled by the radiator 104 and the
working fluid by causing the switching valve 120 to communicate
between the second flow path 112 and the cooling water inlet 110i
of the heat exchanger 110. Thus, with the fluid temperature
adjustment device 10, it is possible to adequately adjust the
temperature Ta of the working fluid for the automatic transmission
25 using the heat exchanger 110 which exchanges heat between
cooling water for the engine 12 and the working fluid.
[0046] In addition, the switching valve 120 selectively
communicates between one of the first and second flow paths 112 and
the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110 in
accordance with the temperature of the working fluid. Consequently,
the switching valve 120 can switch to exchange heat between cooling
water at a relatively high temperature which has not been cooled by
the radiator 104 and the working fluid, and to exchange heat
between cooling water at a relatively low temperature which has
been cooled by the radiator 104 and the working fluid, in
accordance with the temperature of the working fluid. Thus, the
temperature of the working fluid can be adjusted further more
adequately by the heat exchanger 110 which exchanges heat between
cooling water and the working fluid.
[0047] Further, the third flow path 113 is merged with the
circulation flow path 101 at a location downstream of the branched
portion between the circulation flow path 101 and the second flow
path 112 and upstream of the engine 12. Consequently, it is
possible to suppress an inflow of cooling water which has been
subjected to heat exchange with the working fluid in the heat
exchanger 110 again into the heat exchanger 110 via the second flow
path 112, which enhances the efficiency of heat exchange between
cooling water and the working fluid performed in the heat exchanger
110. It should be noted, however, that the third flow path 113 may
be merged with the circulation flow path 101 at a location upstream
of the branched portion between the circulation flow path 101 and
the second flow path 112.
[0048] In addition, the switching valve 120 communicates between
the first flow path 111 and the cooling water inlet 110i of the
heat exchanger 110 when the temperature Ta of the working fluid is
less than the first temperature Ta1, and communicates between the
second flow path 112 and the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat
exchanger 110 when the temperature Ta of the working fluid is equal
to or more than the second temperature Ta2 which is higher than the
first temperature Ta1. Consequently, heat can be exchanged between
cooling water at a relatively high temperature which has not been
cooled by the radiator 104 and the working fluid by causing the
switching valve 120 to communicate between the first flow path 111
and the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110 when the
temperature Ta of the working fluid is less than the first
temperature Ta1 which is relatively low and the temperature of the
working fluid should be raised. Therefore, the temperature of the
working fluid can be raised immediately. On the other hand, heat
can be exchanged between cooling water at a relatively low
temperature which has been cooled by the radiator 104 and the
working fluid by causing the switching valve 120 to communicate
between the second flow path 112 and the cooling water inlet 110i
of the heat exchanger 110 when the temperature of the working fluid
is equal to or more than a relatively high temperature, that is,
the second temperature which is higher than the first temperature
Ta1, and the temperature of the working fluid should be lowered.
Therefore, the temperature of the working fluid can be lowered
immediately.
[0049] Further, the switching valve 120 includes: the first input
port 120a which communicates with the first flow path 111; the
second input port 120b which communicates with the second flow path
112; the output port 120c which communicates with the cooling water
inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110; the spool 121 which moves in
the axial direction to selectively communicate between one of the
first and second input ports 120a and 120b and the output port
120c; the spring 122 which urges the spool 121 in the axial
direction; and the thermally expandable material 123 attached to
the spool 121, and the thermally expandable material 123 permits
the spool 121 to be urged by the spring 122 to be moved, and moves
the spool 121 against the urging force of the spring 122, in
accordance with the temperature Ta of the working fluid.
Consequently, the spool 121 can be automatically moved in the axial
direction in accordance with the temperature Ta of the working
fluid to selectively communicate between one of the first and
second input ports 120a and 120b and the output port 120c, that is,
between one of the first and second input ports 120a and 120b and
the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110.
[0050] It should be noted, however, that the switching valve 120
may be constituted as an electronically controlled valve
(electromagnetic valve) or a hydraulically controlled valve to be
controlled by the control device 30 so as to selectively
communicate between one of the first and second flow paths 112 and
the cooling water inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110 in
accordance with the temperature Ta of the working fluid. In
addition, the switching valve 120 may be incorporated inside the
heat exchanger 110, and the heat exchanger 110 and the switching
valve 120 may be disposed inside the transaxle case 22. Further the
water pump 103 may be a mechanical pump driven by power of the
engine 12. In this case, when the engine 12 is in operation, the
water pump 103 is driven at all times to circulate cooling water in
the circulation flow path 101. In order to lower the temperature of
the working fluid more immediately, in addition, a cooling device
such as an air-cooling cooler may be separately provided at the
middle of the second flow path 112.
[0051] Here, the correspondence between the main elements of the
embodiment etc. described above and the main elements of the
invention described in the "SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION" section will
be described. That is, in the embodiment etc. described above, the
fluid temperature adjustment device 10 which includes the radiator
104 which cools cooling water for the engine 12 and the heat
exchanger 110 which exchanges heat between cooling water and the
working fluid for the automatic transmission 25 corresponds to the
"fluid temperature adjustment device". The circulation flow path
101 which circulates cooling water in one direction between the
engine and the radiator corresponds to the "circulation flow path".
The first flow path 111 which is branched from the circulation flow
path 101 at a location downstream of the engine 12 and upstream of
the radiator 104 corresponds to the "first flow path". The second
flow path 112 which is branched from the circulation flow path 101
at a location downstream of the radiator 104 and upstream of the
engine 12 corresponds to the "second flow path". The third flow
path 113 which communicates with the cooling water outlet 1100 of
the heat exchanger 110 and which is merged with the circulation
flow path 101 at a location downstream of the radiator 104 and
upstream of the engine 12 corresponds to the "third flow path". The
switching valve 120 which selectively communicates between one of
the first and second flow paths 111 and 112 and the cooling water
inlet 110i of the heat exchanger 110 corresponds to the "switching
valve". It should be noted, however, that the correspondence
between the main elements of the embodiment described above and the
main elements of the invention described in the "SUMMARY OF THE
INVENTION" section does not limit the elements of the invention
described in the "SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION" section, because the
embodiment is an example given for the purpose of specifically
describing the invention described in the "SUMMARY OF THE
INVENTION" section. That is, the embodiment is merely a specific
example of the invention described in the "SUMMARY OF THE
INVENTION" section, and the invention described in the "SUMMARY OF
THE INVENTION" section should be construed on the basis of the
description in that section.
[0052] While an embodiment of the present invention has been
described above, it is a matter of course that the present
invention is not limited to the embodiment described above in any
way, and that the present invention may be modified in various ways
without departing from the scope and sprit of the present
invention.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0053] The present invention can be utilized in the fluid
temperature adjustment device manufacturing industry etc.
* * * * *