U.S. patent application number 14/512229 was filed with the patent office on 2016-04-14 for hunger minimized juice fasting system.
The applicant listed for this patent is Dave Narasimhan, Sudarshan Narasimhan. Invention is credited to Dave Narasimhan, Sudarshan Narasimhan.
Application Number | 20160100615 14/512229 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 55653497 |
Filed Date | 2016-04-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160100615 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Narasimhan; Sudarshan ; et
al. |
April 14, 2016 |
HUNGER MINIMIZED JUICE FASTING SYSTEM
Abstract
The hunger minimized fasting system relies on providing a blood
glucose level at all times in the range of 5 to 10 mM, satisfying
glucose needs of the brain and metabolizing blood glucose through
anaerobic glycolysis to release ATP at the extramitocontrial
portion of the cell. Consuming only solid free nutrient liquids
eliminates brain hunger response. Liquids consumed during fasting
include solid filtered vegetable soup and clear fruit juices of 8
to 12 ounces taken every 2 to 4 hours having calorie deficiency of
600 to 1400 as compared to minimal daily calorie requirements for
an adult. Fat released from storage is metabolized by ATP produced
by glycolysis at the extramitocontrial location and enters the
interior of the mitochondria, enabling the TCA cycle. Weight loss
observed during fasting is about one half to one pound per day.
Inventors: |
Narasimhan; Sudarshan;
(Flemington, NJ) ; Narasimhan; Dave; (Flemington,
NJ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Narasimhan; Sudarshan
Narasimhan; Dave |
Flemington
Flemington |
NJ
NJ |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
55653497 |
Appl. No.: |
14/512229 |
Filed: |
October 10, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
426/2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23V 2002/00 20130101;
A23V 2002/00 20130101; A23L 33/16 20160801; A23L 2/02 20130101;
A23L 33/105 20160801; A23L 33/125 20160801; A23L 2/52 20130101;
A23L 33/30 20160801; A23L 33/15 20160801; A23V 2250/21 20130101;
A23L 23/00 20160801; A23V 2250/70 20130101; A23V 2200/332 20130101;
A23V 2250/156 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A23L 1/29 20060101
A23L001/29; A23L 2/02 20060101 A23L002/02; A23L 1/39 20060101
A23L001/39; A23L 1/302 20060101 A23L001/302; A23L 1/304 20060101
A23L001/304 |
Claims
1) A hunger minimized fasting system, comprising: a) preparing a
fasting person for 3 to 5 days prior entering a fasting phase; b)
providing liquefied vitamin and mineral supplement on a daily basis
enabling production of numerous enzymes for use in glycolysis, the
process of conversion blood glucose to pyruvic acid and adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) as well as beta oxidation of fats in the TCA
(Kreb) cycle; c) providing on a daily basis juices, clear solid
free vegetable soup of 8 to 12 ounces every 2 to 4 hours during
waking hours representing a caloric intake of only 800 to 1200
calories representing a deficit of 600 to 1400 calories,
maintaining blood glucose levels in the range of 5 to 10 mM (90 to
180 mg/dL), preventing the onset of hunger sensing mechanism
present in the brain hypothalamus and brain stem preventing or
minimizing the hunger sensation of the fasting person; d) said
clear solid free vegetable soup formed by lightly cooking
vegetables in water at a temperature of about 80.degree. C. to
95.degree. C. to extract vitamins and minerals and micro nutrients
and filtering out all solid material; e) the blood glucose entering
anaerobic glycolysis process synthesizing two pyruvic acid.
molecules and two ATP molecules per glucose molecule in the
extramitochondrial portion of the cell; f) absence of solid
material in the digestive organs including stomach and intestine
reducing or eliminating brain hunger response from gut sensors and
hormones by K-cells and L.-cells; g) said reduction in calorie
intake with blood sugar levels maintained in the satiety region
causing fat molecules from fat storage to be released into the
blood stream by hormone sensitive lipase with the help of
adrenaline hormone and transported bound to serum albumin arriving
at the extramitochondrial portion of the cell the very place where
glycolysis produces ATP and is readily available, fatty acid reacts
with ATP to give a fatty acyl adenylate, plus inorganic
pyrophosphate, which then reacts with free coenzyme A to produce a
fatty acyl-CoA ester plus adenosine monophosphate (AMP), precursor
to ATP which enters the inner barrier of the mitochondria with the
help of carnitine to form acylcarnitine during beta oxidation to
produce acyl-CoA ester and that undergoes the TCA cycle within the
mitochondria, and producing many molecules of ATP, the essential
constituent for all cell operations; and h) exiting the fast
following the same procedure as the fast entry phase, but adding
additional insoluble fibers such as whole flax seeds, chia seeds or
bran flakes to adjust the digestive system for accepting solids;
whereby the overall calories of juices and vegetable soup consumed
on a daily basis fall well below daily minimum calorie requirements
of the body by about 600 to 1400 calories necessitating use of
stored body flit or lipids to enable the functioning of body
tissues and muscles; whereby said brain hunger sensing mechanism is
minimized or prevented and glycogen is not depleted from said
fasting persons's muscles and liver, thereby allowing movement and
exercise of the fasting person while all muscle tissues are
preserved from any muscle degradation.
2) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein said juices are clear solid free juices including orange
juice, apple juice, pineapple juice, grape juice, pomegranate
juice, coconut water, watermelon juice, cantaloupe juice, carrot
juice, beetroot juice, celery juice, or combinations thereof.
3) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein said clear solid free vegetable soup contains carrots,
broccoli, beets, celery, potatoes, sweet potatoes and other
vegetables.
4) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein said fasting stage is in the range of 10 to 90 days.
5) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein said fasting stage is extended to 120 days
6) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein said fasting stage cannot be restarted after exiting phase
without going through the preparing phase which is offset from the
exiting stage by at least 4 weeks.
7) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein said exit phase of fasting includes the addition of higher
levels of calories.
8) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein said clear solid free vegetable soup formed by lightly
cooking vegetables in water at 80.degree. C. to 95.degree. C. for
20 to 30 minutes to extract vitamins and minerals and micro
nutrients and filtering out all solid material and cooling the
filtered soup.
9) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1, the
body weight of the fasting person decreases by about 0.5 to 1 pound
per day of fast, the decrease being largest in the initial stage of
the fast and decreases gradually.
10) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1, the
body weight increases by about 5 to 10 percent as the fasting
person gradually resumes normal diet.
11) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 8,
wherein the soup is prepared by cooking the vegetables in water at
a temperature of 80.degree. C. to 95.degree. C. for 30 minutes.
12) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein evacuation is facilitated by use of enemas or
suppositories.
13) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein the fast is conducted at the home of the fasting
person.
14) The hunger minimized fasting system as recited by claim 1,
wherein the fast is conducted at a fasting facility or
hospital.
15) A method for hunger minimized fasting, comprising: a) preparing
a person's body for fasting consuming only fruits in the morning,
mid day and switching over to raw vegetables in the evening and
prior to bed time for three to five days; b) starting each day of
fast by consuming 8 to 12 ounce of solid free vegetable soup with
solid free liquefied vitamin and mineral supplement; c) consuming 8
to 12 ounces of fruit juices every 2 to 4 hours throughout waking
hours; d) consuming 8 to 12 ounces of solid free vegetable soup
with solid free liquefied vitamin and mineral supplement prior to
bed time; whereby hunger pangs are minimized even when steps b), c)
and d) are followed every day throughout the fasting period which
is less than 90 days.
Description
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This method relates diet management; and, more particularly,
to a fasting method that utilizes juices and vegetable soup to
stave off hunger pangs by providing a high sugar and carbohydrate
content that satisfies the brain glucose-glycogen need.
2 . DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0002] There is a global epidemic of obesity taking place, which
leads to several obesity related diseases. There is a strong desire
to effectively lose excess body weight. The present invention
relates to a fasting method designed to lose excess body weight and
body fat, and improve the functionality of critical body organs
without creating hunger pangs as the duration of fasting effort
progresses.
[0003] Many patents and prior art documents relate to fasting
methods. These methods aim towards reducing the body weight of the
fasting person by merely reducing the calorie intake by way of
limiting the quantity of food consumed. These methods do not pay
attention to body mechanisms that control brain function, the needs
of muscle tissues, or the perception of hunger. Restriction of
calorie intake generally results in the slowing down of the body
metabolism and body quickly adapts to this calorie intake reduction
and eliminating non-essential body functions in order to maintain
core body functions. When a person exits from the fasting routine,
body weight is quickly regained back to its original weight value
or that is in excess of the original weight value. Prolonged
deliberate fasting generally results in the fasting person feeling
extremely tired and unable to move readily. In many cases, the
muscle mass in the fasting person's body is consumed to generate
the required glucose or glycogen substitute for the brain function,
and causes the loss of protein rich muscle tissue which is consumed
to produce a glucose substitute that results in the loss of muscle
mass, further weakening the fasting person's body.
[0004] Generally people discontinue juice fasting routine pretty
early in the process due to hunger pangs. They are deprived of
energy, which is required for daily activities, or to support tasks
that require muscular movement, or to have mental focus required
for concentration, and this leads to a rapid failure of the juice
fasting attempt. The method detailed herein addresses these issues
and provides a unique solution.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,131 to Marsh discloses pre-operative
beverage composition and method of treatment. This specially
formulated beverage composition is designed to be ingested by a
pre-operative patient at least about 2 hours prior to
administration of anesthesia. The beverage composition is a
single-serving volume containing at least about 200 calories, which
calories are primarily from a non-protein, non-fat source, such as
one or more carbohydrates. The composition includes about 48 grams
maltodextrin, about 6 grams fructose and about 6 grams glucose, in
water with enough citric acid to provide a final solution pH of
about 4.3. This beverage composition, when ingested during
pre-operative fasting, at least about 2 hours prior to
administration of anesthesia, encourages compliance with
pre-operative fasting requirements; reduces the incidence of
symptoms associated with prolonged fasting, such as feelings of
hunger and thirst, lightheadedness, irritability and headache; and
should reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia by providing a
residual gastric volume and gastric pH within generally accepted
ranges. Also, contemplated herein is the method of using this
beverage composition to increase compliance with pre-operative
fasting guidelines and thereby decrease the risk of aspiration
pneumonia in the anesthetized/sedated patient. This fasting
beverage is designed only for a short time fast of typically two
hours before administrating an anesthesia and is not designed for a
long time fast typically required for hunger free fasting that
reduces body fat and improves body mass index.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 8,715,742 to Koide discloses method for
reducing weight in a subject. This method is provided for reducing
weight in a subject by administering an effective amount of a
composition comprising omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA),
at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor
and an L-ornithine precursor, and at least one of nucleobase, a
nucleoside and a nucleic acid. The method can also be used to treat
obesity, hyperlipidernia, diabetes and/or hypertension and for
improving diathesis, or treating adult disease or disposition to
adult disease. This method does not provide adequate glucose or
glycogen required for brain functioning and satiation.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 7,629,329 to Lee et al. discloses a method for
increasing muscle mass and strength through administration of
adenosine triphosphate. This method uses compositions that have an
effective amount of Adenosine Triphosphate ("ATP") sufficient to
increase intracellular and extracellular concentrations of ATP in a
mammal to improve anaerobic exercise capacity by increasing muscle
size and/or strength. Preferably, a gastric acid secretion.
inhibitory coating is applied to the effective amount of ATP in a
manner that protects the ATP from degradation by gastric juices.
ATP compositions may be administered in nutraceutical or functional
food dosage forms, including oral and non-oral delivery forms. In
addition, the effective amount of ATP maybe combined with amino
acids, botanicals, functional foods, herbals, nucleotides,
nutraceuticals, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, proteins, and/or
vitamins in an effort to enhance the targeted activity of the
composition. In spite of the coating that protects the ATP from
being destroyed by the gastric juices, the ATP levels are not
increased for at least about 60 minutes from the time at which the
ATP containing composition is consumed as indicated in the figures.
The composition does not provide sustained or increased muscle
activity after the consumption of the ATP containing composition,
rather kicks in only after an hour later.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 7,825,084 to Harris, et al. discloses methods
and compositions for increasing the anaerobic working capacity in
tissues. The composition comprises a beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide
and a glycine, an insulin, an insulin mimic, or an insulin-action
modifier and administering the composition to the tissue increases
beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in the tissue, thereby
increasing the anaerobic working capacity in the tissue. The cause
an increase in the blood plasma concentrations of beta-alanine
and/or creatine. The composition contains artificial chemicals and
does not contain natural ingredients or compounds indicated in the
present invention disclosure.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 7,897,169 to Ueda, et al. discloses
ubiquinol-enriched fat-containing foods. The process for producing
a ubiquinol-enriched oil/fat-containing food product for human
ingestion comprises dissolving ubiquinol in oil/fat under heating
first followed by cooling to obtain homogeneous solution with a
melting point of not lower than 20.degree. C. the cooling action
solidifying the homogenous composition. The solidified composition
is kneaded to form oil-in-water emulsion. The composition formed is
not a gel or paste like substance and is not contained in a ready
to use individually packed pouches. The composition is oil based,
not water based and does not have other nutrients than
ubiquinol.
[0010] US Patent application 20110123653 to McKever et al.
discloses compositions and methods for optimizing exercise
recovery. The method decreases post-exercise recovery time in a
subject using compositions that contain one or more
polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs). The composition is an orange peel
extract. The post-exercise recovery time is the time for a
subject's post-exercise oxygen consumption VO.sub.2 level to return
to a pre-exercise VO.sub.2 level. PMF composition is selected from
PMFs, which are selected from the group consisting of
5,6,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone(sinensetin);
5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone(nobeletin);
5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone(tangeretin);
5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyllavone (auranetin);
5-hydroxy-7,8,3',4'-methoxyfiavone;
5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone;
5,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone; 5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone;
3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone;
5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone;
5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone;
5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone;
7-hydroxy-3,5,6,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone; and
7-hydroxy-3,5,6,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone. This composition merely
reduces recovery time and does not increase muscle energy output
during exercise. It is not a fasting routine and does not control
hunger pangs.
[0011] The publication "Brain Glucose Sensing, Counterregulation,
and Energy Homeostasis" by Nell Marty, et al. published at
PHYSIOLOGY 22: 241-251, 2007 available at web page at
http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/content/22/4/241. This
publication discloses methods by which the human brain monitors
closely the blood glucose as a signal to control feeding behavior
and energy expenditure. The glucose sensing neurons are highly
represented in hypothalamic nuclei and the brain stern, regions
involved in the control of energy homeostasis and food intake.
Brain has very little or no storage of glucose or glycogen and does
not have reserve ATP and requires continuous feed of blood glucose
for brain operation. Stomach and intestine sense presence of food
through Gluco-incretin secretion K-Cells (GIP) L-Cells (GLP-1) of
the enteric nervous system.
[0012] The Lipolysis and the Oxidation of Fatty Acids by Michael W
King is available at
http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/fatty-acid-oxidation.html and
describes a mechanism by which fatty acid is removed from storage
and oxidized for liberation of energy at muscles, as well as body
cells.
[0013] The web page at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_metabolism discloses that
when blood sugar is low, decreasing insulin levels signal the
adipocytes to activate hormone-sensitive lipase, and to convert
triglycerides into free fatty acids. These free fatty acids have
very low solubility in the blood, typically about 1 .mu.M. However,
the most abundant protein in blood, serum albumin, binds free fatty
acids, increasing their effective solubility to .about.1 mM. Thus,
serum albumin transports fatty acids to organs such as muscle and
liver for oxidation when blood sugar is low.
[0014] The web page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation
states that free fatty acids cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
due to their negative charge. Once in the cytosol, activation of
the fatty acid is catalyzed by long fatty acyl CoA synthetase. A
fatty acid reacts with ATP to give a fatty acyl adenylate, plus
inorganic pyrophosphate, which then reacts with free coenzyme A to
give a fatty acyl-CoA ester plus AMP. If the fatty acyl-CoA has a
long chain (10 or more carbons) then it is reacted with camitine to
form acylcarnitine, which is transported across the inner
mitochondrial membrane by a Carnitine-acylcamitine translocase. If
the fatty acyl-CoA contains a short chain (less than 10 carbons) it
can simply diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane.
[0015] A number of advertisements relate to fasting, reduction in
body weight as well as improvement of high blood pressure, diabetes
and other illnesses. These programs do not disclose their
methodology or scientific basis for the methods used and expected
results as a function of time.
[0016] There remains a need in the art for a safe and effective
fasting system wherein the person undergoing the fasting procedure
does not suffer excessive hunger or toss of muscle tissue without
using synthetic medications and can effectively decrease body fat
while maintaining full body energy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The hunger minimized fasting system of the present invention
utilizes a number of natural body processes to allow hunger free
fasting without the feeling of hunger pangs for fasting periods
lasting from 10 to 90 days. Prior art methods do not allow such
prolonged fasts without the feeling of hunger. More importantly,
with such prior art methods, the progressive fast decreases body
energy available and a person becomes very week and is generally
unable to move. By way of contrast, the system of subject invention
maintains blood sugar level in the range of 5 to 10 mM (90- 180
mg/df,) which satisfies the brain's requirement for a continuous
supply of glucose, since the brain does not store much glycogen or
ATP, The brain also has sensors in the gut, which sense the
presence of solids in the digestive organs and invoke digestive
juices, again creating hunger pains. The absence of solids in the
juices or soups used during fasting, which include fruit juices of
various fruits and vegetable soup that is filtered of all solids,
suppresses the brain generated hunger sensation and maintains
satiety during prolonged fasting. Entering the fasting phase
requires a pre-fast phase of 3 to 5 days wherein only fruits are
consumed in the morning followed by raw vegetables in the evening,
again restricting overall calorie intake. The body quickly learns
to extract nutrients from this diet and is now ready for entering
the fasting stage.
[0018] The fasting stage comprises the inclusion of liquefied
vitamins and minerals essential for producing all the enzymes and
hormones needed to assimilate blood glucose created from the
consumption of sugar or carbohydrate rich juices and soups. Since
the calorie intake is deficient by about 600 to 1400 calories as
compared to the required daily calorie requirement, fat reserves
are used to generate sufficient calories for the daily functioning
of the body with the help of hormone sensitive lipase.
[0019] The fasting step involves consumption of 8 to 12 ounces of
various clear fruit juices and solid free prepared vegetable soups
every 2 to 4 hours representing a caloric intake of 800 to 1200
calories only, which is deficient by about 600 to 1400 calories on
a daily basis. The consumption of the juices results in a steady
blood glucose level of 5 to 10 mM (90-180 mg/dL) satisfying the
brain's glucose need; the absence of solid material in the
digestive track does not invoke the brain hunger response; and the
fasting person remains satisfied throughout the fasting period. The
brain does not demand release of glycogen stored in the muscles and
liver, a step that generally results in the weakening of the
fasting person. If blood glucose is not available, the brain will
demand the liver to attack muscle tissue that is in contact with
blood to convert the muscle to glucose simulant releasing nitrogen
rich waste. Eating protein or meat does not solve this problem
since the eaten food is not in contact with blood. The technology
of the subject invention avoids all these problems brain demanding
extraction of glycogen from muscles and liver or the degradation of
muscle tissue. The system of the present invention maintains a
consistent blood glucose level.
[0020] The blood glucose from the consumption of juices and soups
is converted to pyruvic acid and two ATP molecules in the
extramitochondrial portion of the cell by the glycolysis process as
detailed below. This process is anaerobic and does not care if
oxygen is present or not. The pyruvic acid reacts with coenzyme A
in the presence of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase enzyme using a
molecule of ATP creating Acetyl Co A that enters the inner barrier
of the mitochondria undergoing TCA cycle, which produces many
molecules of ATP. TCA cycle occurs aerobically within the
mitochondria, which has all the enzymes needed for TCA cycle except
succinate dehydrogenase.
[0021] Due to the combination of a reduced caloric intake and the
brain having sufficient blood glucose levels, the only way the body
can get adequate calories is by reaching out to consume stored fat
tissues. Hormone sensitive lipase extracts fat from storage with
the help of adrenaline hormone and is bound to blood serum albumin
proteins and transported to cells and arrives at the
extramitochondrial portion of the cell. Due to their negative
charge these fats cannot enter the inner mitochondrial barrier.
Once in the cytosol of the cell, activation of the fatty acid is
catalyzed by long fatty acyl CoA synthetase. A fatty acid reacts
with ATP to give a fatty acyl adenylate, plus inorganic
pyrophosphate, which then reacts with free coenzyme A to give a
fatty acyl-CoA ester plus adenosine monophosphate (AMP), precursor
to ATP. If the fatty acyl-CoA has a long chain (10 or more carbons)
then it is reacted with carnitine to form acylcarnitine, which is
transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane by a
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase. The acyl-CoA and adenosine
monophosphate (AMP), precursor to ATP undergo TCA cycle producing
large number of ATP molecules.
[0022] Thus the technology of the subject invention uses body's
metabolic processes to force the extraction of stored fat and
conversion to ATP energizing body cells. The key feature is the
presence and accumulation of ATP formed by the glycolysis process
in the extramitochondrial portion of the cell. From blood glucose,
the glycolysis process produces ATP and pyruvic acid, which is
converted to Acetyl Co A that enters the inner mitochondria barrier
as stated above. The fat molecules from fat storage are released
into the blood stream by hormone sensitive lipase with the help of
adrenaline hormone and transported bound to serum albumin arriving
at the extramitochondrial portion of the cell, the very place where
glycolysis produces ATP and is readily available. Once in the
cytosol, activation of the fatty acid is catalyzed by long fatty
acyl CoA synthetase. The fatty acid reacts with ATP to give a fatty
acyl adenylate, plus inorganic pyrophosphate, which then reacts
with free coenzyme A to produce a fatty acyl-CoA ester plus
adenosine monophosphate (AMP), precursor to ATP. If the fatty
acyl-CoA has a long chain (10 or more carbons) then it is reacted
with carnitine to form acylcarnitine, which is transported across
the inner mitochondrial membrane by a Carnitine-acylcarnitine
translocase. During beta oxidation within mitochondria, acyl-CoA
ester is produced and undergoes TCA cycle creating many molecules
of ATP. If ATP is absent, the fat in the form of triglycerides and
monoglycerides cannot enter the mitochondrial inner barrier and are
returned back to storage. Thus the presence of ATP produced by
glycolysis of sugar and carbohydrate rich juices and soups is
essential for the metabolism of fats in the mitochondria. This is
the mechanism by which both sugar and fat are converted to ATP in
the TCA cycle producing large number of ATP molecules. This is the
central feature of the invention.
[0023] The initial preparation before entering fasting is carefully
planned to reduce the amount of solid material entering the
digestive elements of the body gradually. Consuming fruits do this
in the morning followed by consuming raw uncooked vegetables at
night for a period of 3 to 5 days. During this initial period 8 to
12 ounce sugar rich juices can be consumed every 4 hours to sustain
hunger response. At the end of the 3 to 5 days of initial
preparation, fasting may begin.
[0024] The fasting procedure involves use of clear juices,
including: orange juice, apple juice, pineapple juice, grape juice,
pomegranate juice, coconut water, watermelon juice, cantaloupe
juice, carrot juice, beetroot juice, celery juice, or combinations
thereof, which are filtered using a very fine mesh cloth or sieve
which filter out all solid residues present in the juice. In
addition to the juices prescribed herein, a nutrient rich soup or
extract of vegetables may be used to increase the intake of
vitamins and minerals present in natural vegetables. The soup is
prepared by slicing small pieces of carrots, broccoli, beets,
celery, potatoes, sweet potatoes and other vegetables that is
cooked in water without any additional salt and simmered for a
period of 30 minutes in low heat of about 80.degree. C. to
95.degree. C. This reduced temperature cooking preserves vitamins
and minerals. The soup is cooled to room temperature and all the
solid materials is filtered out and discarded. The soup thus
created is stored in in a refrigerated container for use during
fasting. Preferably every fasting day is started and finished by
the consumption of the nutrient rich vegetable soup, which reduces
the onset of hunger pangs. The soup is supplemented with liquefied
vitamin and brings in essential vitamins and minerals into the body
of the person practicing fasting. Throughout the day filtered
juices of various types are consumed typically in 2 to 4 hour
intervals. Even within the very first day of fasting, surprisingly,
the hunger response subsides rapidly and hunger pangs are minimized
or eliminated. Prior to going to bed, the liquefied vitamin and
mineral supplement is mixed with soup and is consumed. The
procedure is repeated for as many days as a person practicing
fasting desires to move forward. Typically people practice as
detailed below fasting for 10 to 90 days easily to realign their
body and reduce body weight to improve body mass index (BMI). On
each day, a fasting person loses typically between about one half
to one pound each day without feeling hunger pangs. This number of
fasting days can be extended to 120 days.
[0025] Briefly stated, the invention includes using sugar and
carbohydrate rich juices and soups free of solid to bring the blood
glucose level at a consistent level of 5 to 10 mM (90-180 mg/dL) so
that blood glucose level detectors at brain hunger at hypothalamus
and brain stem are satisfied and brain does not order the release
of stored glycogen from muscles and liver enabling the muscles to
work without being tired. Due to the presence of stable blood
glucose levels, the brain does not order the muscles to be degraded
by liver enzymes to release sugar like products into the blood
stream saving the muscle mass. Since the fasting person does not
perceive hunger, the fasting can be continued for long durations
like 90 days easily without feeling of hunger, deprivation or
feelings of muscle weakness and tiredness. The hunger free fasting
may be conducted for a number of days at the fasting person's home
or in a fasting center or a hospital.
[0026] Significant advantages are realized by practice of the
present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the hunger minimized
fasting system of the present invention comprises: [0027] 1)
preparing fasting person for 3 to 5 days prior entering fasting
phase; [0028] 2) providing liquefied vitamin and mineral supplement
on a daily basis enabling production of numerous enzymes for use in
glycolysis, the process of conversion blood glucose to pyruvic acid
and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as well as beta oxidation of fats
in the TCA (Kreb) cycle; [0029] 3) consuming on a daily basis clear
solid free vegetable soup of 8 to 12 ounces in the morning and
before bed time and consuming juices every 2 to 4 hours during
waking hours representing a caloric intake of only 800 to 1200
calories representing a deficit of 600 to 1400 calories maintain
blood glucose levels in the range of 5 to 10 mM (90 to 180 mg/dL)
preventing onset of hunger sensing mechanism present the brain
hypothalamus and brain stem preventing or minimizing hunger
sensation of the fasting person and the blood glucose entering
anaerobic glycolysis process synthesizing pyruvic acid and two ATP
molecules in the extramitochondrial portion of the cell; [0030] 4)
absence of solid material in the digestive organs including stomach
and intestine reducing or eliminating response from brain hunger
sensing mechanism of gut sensors and hormones by K-cells and
L-cells; [0031] 5) said reduction in calorie intake with blood
sugar levels maintained in the satiety region causes fat molecules
from fat storage to be released into the blood stream by hormone
sensitive lipase with the help of adrenaline hormone and
transported bound to serum albumin arriving at the
extramitochondrial portion of the cell the very place where
glycolysis produces ATP and is readily available, fatty acid reacts
with ATP to give a fatty acyl adenylate, plus inorganic
pyrophosphate, which then reacts with free coenzyme A to produce a
fatty acyl-CoA ester plus adenosine monophosphate (AMP), precursor
to ATP which enters the inner barrier of the mitochondria with the
help of carnitine to form acylcarnitine during beta oxidation to
produce acyl-CoA ester that undergoes TCA cycle with the
mitochondria and producing many molecules of ATP, the essential
constituent for all cell operations; and [0032] 6) exiting the fast
follows the same procedure as the fast entry phase, but adding
additional insoluble fibers such as whole flax seeds, chia seeds or
bran flakes as well as adding pro-biotic microbes to adjust the
digestive system into re-accepting solids; [0033] whereby said
brain hunger sensing mechanism is minimized or prevented and
glycogen is not depleted from muscles and liver allowing movement
and exercise of the fasting person while all the muscle tissue are
preserved from any muscle degradation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] The invention will be more fully understood and further
advantages will become apparent when reference is had to the
following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the
invention and the accompanying drawing, in which:
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates the key features of the present invention
wherein ATP is available at the extramitochondrial portion of the
cell due to glycolysis of sugars and carbohydrates consumed and the
fats also arrive at the same location allowing decomposed products
of glycolysis and fat enter the mitochondria due to the presence of
ATP;
[0036] FIGS. 2A-1 and 2A-2 illustrate the steps of the Preparatory
Phase of Glycolysis that occurs in the extramitochondrial portion
of the cell showing loss of 2 ATP molecules;
[0037] FIGS. 2B-1 and 2B-2 illustrate the steps of the Pay-off
Phase of Glycolysis that occurs in the extramitochondrial portion
of the cell showing gain of 4 ATP molecules;
[0038] FIG. 3 illustrates the beta oxidation of fat brought onto a
cell that occurs within the mitochondrial portion of the cell;
and
[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates the TCA cycle that occurs within the
mitochondrial portion of the cell.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0040] This invention relates to a system for fasting during a
prolonged period without hunger pangs and without becoming very
tired or unable to move and exercise. The system also prevents the
loss of muscle tissue while losing a significant amount of body
weight which includes fat and water, on a daily basis, typically in
the range of half to one pound.
[0041] The present invention employs a unique approach during juice
fasting that provides benefits to the person undergoing the
procedure. It was surprisingly found that the degree of hunger
perceived during juice fasting is dependent on numerous brain
hunger sensing functions. The brain tissue has very little storage
of glucose or glycogen or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules
and requires a continuous supply of glucose for functioning of the
brain at about 5 mM or 90 mg/dL. As a primary sensing mechanism,
the hypothalamus and brain stem monitors very closely the blood
glucose or glycogen levels and provides strong hunger sensations
when the blood glucose or glycogen levels are low, creating a
strong urge to eat. If the glucose or glycogen levels are not
replenished, the brain commands the muscles and liver to release
stored glycogen into the blood stream. If this stored glycogen is
unavailable the brain commands the liver to degrade muscles to
produce glucose simulant at the expense of normally unused muscle
tissue. Again, when the blood glucose or glycogen levels are high
the insulin release is triggered converting the glucose or glycogen
in the blood to be combined to form triglycerides which are
transferred for storage as adipose tissue. In addition, the fat
release mechanism is immediately stopped when blood glucose
concentration is too high. Thus the key to hunger free fasting is
to provide an adequate amount of blood glucose or glycogen levels
to satisfy the brain's need for glucose without exceeding glucose
levels that trigger a release of insulin resulting in the formation
of triglycerides. Also, when high blood glucose levels are present,
the release mechanism from fat storage is halted. The second key
hunger sensing mechanism used by the brain is the detection of
digestible material in the stomach and intestine promoting release
of digestive enzymes as detailed in the article at "Brain Glucose
Sensing, Counterregulation, and Energy Homeostasis" by Nell Marty,
Michel Dallaporta and Bernard Thorens published in Physiology
22:241-251, 2007 available at
http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/content/22/4/241. This
requires the stomach and intestines to be free from solid material
preventing hunger response and corresponding release of digestion
hormones. The reference 78, Mei N. Vagal `glucoreceptors in the
small intestine of the cat`. J Physiol 282: 485-506, 1978 relates
to solids available at the intestines.
[0042] Thus the strategies for hunger free fasting involve drinking
cooked vegetable soup that is filtered of all solid material and 8
to 12 ounce of juice every 2 to 4 waking hours. Breakfast and
pre-bedtime meal is essentially the vegetable filtered soup. The
overall calories contained in the juice and vegetable soup is only
in the range of 800 to 1200 calories leaving a calorie deficit of
about 600 to 1400 calories for a person normally consuming
1800-2400 calories per day.
[0043] The body requires these calories for the functioning of
essential body functions including breathing, supporting the liver,
heart and lung function as well as maintaining body temperature.
This calorie deficiency has to be made up by use of body fat since
fat is the primary fuel used by the body for all aerobic muscles,
which contain fat burning brown muscle fibers interlaced with
capillaries supplying blood oxygen rich blood. All cells and
muscles performing steady work such as heart muscles and muscles
that provide body stability are all aerobic muscles of this type.
The next aspect of the present invention is to facilitate the
release of fat in the form of tri-glycerides or mono-glycerides
from lipid storage.
[0044] The food consumed, whether in the form of carbohydrates or
sugars, converts to glucose in the blood stream either rapidly or
slowly depending on the glycemic index of the food consumed.
Proteins are more slowly digested and also convert to glucose in
the blood stream. Fats take a very long time to digest and enter
the intestinal walls after enzyme action that breaks down fat into
tri or mono glycerides. Fats do not convert to glucose in the blood
stream.
[0045] Since the amount of food in the stomach and intestine is
reduced the ability to eliminate waste is minimized. Enemas or
suppositories may be used to improve evacuation.
[0046] The utilization and conversion of glucose and fats into
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through different initial pathways as
detailed in FIGS. 1A-1, 1-A-2, 1B-1 and 1B-2 are shown. The TCA
cycle is illustrated in FIG. 2 which produces ATP in aerobic
conditions.
[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of the features of the
subject invention. When the fasting person consumes a sugar rich
and or carbohydrate rich juice or soup, the brain detection of
hunger is satiated. This blood glucose is processed by glycolysis,
which produces two pyruvic acid molecules and two ATP molecules per
molecule of glucose. The pyruvic acid reacts with coenzyme A aided
by ATP to produce acetyl CoA, which enters the mitochondria and
undergoes TCA cycle producing a number of ATP molecules powering
the cell operation. Since the amount of calories consumed by this
juice and soup diet is smaller than that is required for the
sustenance of the body, the deficient calories are obtained from
fats. Hormone sensitive lipase is released at the fat reserves as
mono and triglycerides and carried by the blood bound to serum
albumen and delivered at the extramitochondrial portion of the
cell. The released fat in the extramitochondrial region of the cell
reacts with coenzyme A assisted by energy rich ATP molecule to form
acyl CoA which enters the inner barrier of mitochondria assisted by
carnitine. Within the mitochondria the acyl CoA converts to acetyl
CoA, by the process known as beta oxidation, which is passed on to
the TCA cycle producing a large number of ATP molecules. The key
feature of the invention is making ATP available at all times due
to consumption of sugar and carbohydrate rich juices and or soups
ever two to 4 hours while at the same time limiting the total
caloric intake so as to force the body to release fat from storage.
The fat arrives at the extramitochondrial portion of the cell and
is again processed due to the presence of ATP at this location. The
fasting person does not feel hungry even after fasting for a number
of days and the fat is drawn from fat reserves and used as
calories, improving the weight and MBI of the person. The muscles
of the fasting person are not degraded during fasting.
[0048] FIGS. 2A-1 and 2A-2 illustrates the preparatory phase of
glycolysis where two ATP molecules are consumed as shown in Steps 1
and 3. A large number of enzymes are involved in Steps 1 through 5
of the preparatory phase each performing a specific function.
[0049] FIGS. 2B-1 and 2B-2 illustrates the pay-off phase of
glycolysis where four ATP molecules are produced as shown in Steps
7 and 10. Thus the glycolysis, which is a combination of steps 1
through 10 produce two excess molecules of ATP. A large number of
enzymes are involved both in the preparatory and payoff phases each
performing a specific function.
[0050] Glycolysis is an anaerobic metabolic pathway that has a
sequence of 10 steps all of which are enzyme catalyzed.
Accordingly, the sequence of these reactions converts glucose into
pyruvate, producing two additional ATP molecules from each glucose
molecule. This metabolic process produces high-energy compounds of
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide). This process is an anaerobic reaction; the presence
or absence of oxygen does not alter the reaction. The process of
glycolysis happens in the extramitochondrial portion of the cell,
often referred to as the EMP pathway. Glucose undergoes partial
oxidation to produce two molecules of pyruvic acid, which is the
starting point of the tri-carboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), which
is also known as the citric acid cycle or Kreb cycle. The TCA cycle
takes place aerobically within the mitochondria portion of the
cell. All these processes of glycolysis and the TCA cycle require a
large number of enzymes which are all synthesized by the cells and
liver.
[0051] FIG. 3 illustrates the beta oxidation of fatty acids taken
from slide number 29 of web page
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest38680-330425-beta-oxidati-
on-lipids-education-ppt-powerpoint. Beta oxidation of fatty acids
is shown in this figure. Long chain acyl-CoA is cycled through
reactions 2 through 5. Acyl-CoA is split off by thiolase as shown
at reaction 5. ATP is needed for the first step of the beta
oxidation process outside the inner mitochondrial membrane as
shown. Carnatine is needed for the entry of acyl-CoA into the inner
mitochondrial membrane. The fatty acid is degraded to acetyl CoA
and enters the citric acid cycle as shown. All the enzymes used
outside the inner mitochondrial membrane have to be manufactured by
liver and the cell.
[0052] FIG. 4 illustrates the TCA cycle. This TCA cycle is detailed
at the web page http://biology.tutorvista.com/cell/glycolysis.html.
The citric acid cycle is a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed chemical
reactions, which are used by all the aerobic organisms to produce
energy. Energy is generated through the oxidation of acetate that
is derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon
dioxide. Pyruvate molecules are created from glycolysis. In the
presence of oxygen, pyruvate produces acetyl-CoA by reaction with
coenzyme A consuming one ATP. The fats are also degraded to
acetyl-CoA and brought into the mitochondria. In the presence of
oxygen, the acetyl-CoA produced by glycolysis or fat degradation
enters the citric acid cycle inside the matrix of the mitochondria
and it gets oxidized to CO.sub.2, and also at the same time reduces
NAD to NADH. H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 are the waste products created
during this cycle. The cycle consists of eight steps, which are
catalyzed by eight different enzymes. The steps are detailed
below.
[0053] Step 1: Synthesis of Citric Acid. This step of the Krebs
cycle is an Aldol condensation reaction and it is an irreversible
reaction. Oxaloacetic acid and the acetyl CoA condense to form
citric acid in the presence of the enzyme citrate synthase. The net
effect of this reaction is to join a two-carbon with a four-carbon
molecule, which yields a six-carbon molecule which is the citric
acid. This is called the synthesis of citric acid.
[0054] Step 2: Dehydration of citrate. It is a reversible reaction.
Under the action of the enzyme acotinase, citrate is isomerized to
form isocitrate.
[0055] Step 3: Oxidation and Decarboxylation of isocitrate. This
reaction is catalyzed by the emzynie isocitrate dehydrogenase. This
is an irreversible reaction where isocitrate undergoes oxidative
decarboxylation yielding three NADH molecules. These are first NADH
molecules produced in the cycle and also CO.sub.2.
[0056] Step 4: Oxidative, decarboxylation of .alpha.-ketoglutarate
The enzyme .alpha.-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes
the conversion of .alpha.-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA. This
reaction produces the second CO.sub.2 and also the second NADH of
the cycle. The coenzymes that are required in the reaction are
thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoic acid, FAD, NAD+ and CoA.
[0057] Step 5: Substrate level phosphorylation. This reaction is
catalyzed by the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. This reaction is
exothermic and is GTP molecule, which is equivalent to ATP is
generated in this reaction. The product of this reaction is
succinic acid and GTP.
[0058] Step 6: Oxidation. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme
succinate dehydrogenase, in this reaction the final electron
acceptor is the FAD coenzyme. This reaction yields two ATP
molecules from the electron transport chain.
[0059] Step 7: Hydration. The hydration reaction is catalyzed by
the enzyme fumarase. The fumarate is hydrated to form L-Malate.
[0060] Step 8: Oxidation. This is reversible reaction, catalyzed by
the enzyme malate dehydrogenase. The malate is oxidized to form
oxaloacetic acid. This is the final point of entry to the electron
transport chain. This reaction generates the NADH and
oxaloacetate.
[0061] Accordingly one pyruvic acid molecule yields one ATP
molecule and one GTP molecule, which is equivalent to ATP. Also,
NADH is an energetic molecule capable of producing ATP.
[0062] As indicated in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation
a fat molecule produces a large number of ATP molecules. The ATP
yield for every oxidation cycle is theoretically at maximum yield
of 17, as NADH produces 3 ATP, FADH.sub.2 produces 2 and a full
rotation of the Citric Acid Cycle produces 12. In practice it's
closer to 14 ATP for a full oxidation cycle as in practice the
theoretical yield isn't attained, it's generally closer to 2.5 ATP
per NADH molecule produced, 1.5 for each FADH.sub.2 molecule
produced and this equates to 10 ATP molecules per cycle of the TCA
(according to the P/O ratio).
[0063] As detailed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation,
beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acid molecules are
broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-coA, which
enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH.sub.2, which are
used by the electron transport chain. Fatty Acid Catabolism
involves three stages. The first stage of fatty acid catabolism is
Beta-Oxidation. The second stage is acetyl CoA oxidation to carbon
dioxide. The third stage is electron transfer from electron
carriers to the electron transfer chain. Priming the fatty acid for
oxidation is the `Carnitine Shuttle`. First Acyl CoA is transferred
to the hydroxyl group of carnitine by carnitine
palmitoyltransferase 1 (palmitoyltransferase) located on the outer
mitochondrial membrane. Acylcarnitine is shuttled inside by a
carnitine-acylcamitine translocase. Acylcarnitine is converted back
to acyl CoA by carnitine acyltransferase (palmitoyltransferase)
located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The liberated
carnitine returns to the cytosol for further transport of fatty
acid.
[0064] Once the fatty acid is inside the mitochondrial matrix, Beta
Oxidation can begin. It has 4 steps. Step 1 of Beta-Oxidation: Long
chain fatty acid is dehydrogenated to create a trans double bond
between C2 and C3. This is catalyzed by the fatty acyl CoA
dehydrogenase to produce trans-delta 2-enoyl CoA. It uses FAD as an
electron acceptor and it is reduced to FADH.sub.2. Step 2 of
Beta-Oxidation: Trans-delta.sub.2-enoyl CoA is hydrated at the
double bond to produce L-B-hydroxyacyl CoA. This is catalyzed by
enoyl CoA hydratase. Step 3 of Beta-Oxidation: L-B-hydroxyacyl CoA
is dehydrogenated again to create B-ketoacyl CoA by B-hydroxyacyl
CoA dehydrogenase. This enzyme uses NAD as an electron acceptor.
Step 4 of Beta-Oxidation: Thiolysis occurs between C2 and C3 (alpha
and beta carbons) of B-ket acyl CoA. Thiolase enzyme catalyzes the
reaction when a new molecule of coenzyme A breaks the bond by
nucleophilic attack on C3. This releases the first two carbon
units, as acetyl CoA, and a fatty acyl CoA minus two carbons. The
process continues until all of the carbons in the fatty acid are
turned into acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the starting point for the
TCA cycle as shown above.
[0065] The following examples are presented to provide a more
complete understanding of the invention. The specific techniques,
conditions, materials, proportions and reported data set forth to
illustrate the principles and practice of the invention are
exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the
invention.
[0066] The fasting program of the subject invention can be
practiced for a long time without hunger pangs, loss of muscle as
detailed in actual test case results.
EXAMPLE 1
[0067] The first test subject is male 40 years old who conducted a
fasting study by fasting for 11 weeks followed by monitoring the
body for 12 additional weeks following the fast. The following
table 1 details the results. The fast was started on Jun. 8, 2013
and terminated on Aug. 17, 2013 representing a weight loss of
(84-68) or 16 kilograms or 35 pounds. The measured fat percentile,
as measured at a professional gym, decreased from 18% at the start
of the fast to 5% at the end of the 70-day fast, Having changed the
eating habits due to this prolonged fast, the weight and body fat
contained remained stable as shown in the table. The percent of
muscle during fast did not decrease, but increased as shown due to
loss of body weight and remained stable for the 12 weeks after
ending the fast.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Body Body Week fat % muscle % Date # Kg Lbs
kg fat kg muscle Begin Fast Jun. 8, 2013 1 84 184.8 15.1 18% 39.4
47% Jun. 15, 2013 2 81 178.2 12.2 15% 39.3 49% Jun. 22, 2013 3 77.1
169.6 8.3 11% 39.3 51% Jun. 29, 2013 4 76 167.2 7.5 10% 39.1 51%
Jul. 6, 2013 5 74.1 163.0 6.9 9% 38.2 52% Jul. 13, 2013 6 72.6
159.7 4.8 7% 38.5 53% Jul. 20, 2013 7 71.5 157.3 4.6 6% 38 53% Jul.
27, 2013 8 69.7 153.3 4.9 7% 36.8 53% Aug. 3, 2013 9 69.5 152.9 4.1
6% 37.1 53% Aug. 13, 2013 10 67.7 148.9 3.3 5% 36.5 54% Aug. 17,
2013 11 68 149.6 3.5 5% 36.3 53% End Fast Aug. 24, 2013 12 69.1
152.0 2.8 4% 37.1 54% Sep. 1, 2013 13 70.3 154.7 2.8 4% 38 54% Sep.
8, 2013 14 70.4 154.9 3.1 4% 38 54% Sep. 14, 2013 15 70.6 155.3 3.4
5% 37.9 54% Sep. 21, 2013 16 70.5 155.1 3 4% 38.2 54% Sep. 18, 2013
17 72.3 159.1 2.3 3% 39.6 55% Oct. 5, 2013 18 72.6 159.7 2.7 4%
39.6 55% Oct. 12, 2013 19 72.4 159.3 3.7 5% 39 54% Oct. 19, 2013 20
72.4 159.3 3.4 5% 39.1 54% Oct. 27, 2013 21 72.9 160.4 3 4% 39.9
55% Nov. 2, 2013 22 73.1 160.8 2.8 4% 39.9 55% Nov. 9, 2013 23 73.6
161.9 3.4 5% 39.9 54%
EXAMPLE 2
[0068] A second subject is a 70 years old male that conducted a
fasting study for 17 days. The daily weight data is shown in Table
2. The first three days represent the pre fast period and fasting
is done for 8 days. The next three days were spent readjusting to a
normal diet. Even this short fast resulted in a weight loss of
(171-158,8) or 12,2 pounds. During fasting it was clearly apparent
that exercise could be done.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Jog/walk distance Date day # Pounds (mi)
Pre-Fast Jun. 11, 2014 1 171 2.5 Jun. 12, 2014 2 169 2.5 Jun. 13,
2014 3 168 -- Begin Fast Jun. 14, 2014 4 167 2.5 Jun. 15, 2014 5
166 8.0 Jun. 16, 2014 6 165.2 2.5 Jun. 17, 2014 7 163.8 3.5 Jun.
18, 2014 8 163.2 3.4 Jun. 19, 2014 9 161.2 3.8 Jun. 20, 2014 10
160.4 3.4 Jun. 21, 2014 11 158.8 5.2 End Fast Jun. 22, 2014 12
158.8 2.5 Jun. 23, 2014 13 159.4 2.5 Jun. 24, 2014 14 159.4 2.5
Jun. 25, 2014 15 161.0 3.0 Jun. 26, 2014 16 161.5 2.5 Jun. 27, 2014
17 162.4 2.0
[0069] Having thus described the invention in rather full detail,
it will be understood that such detail need not be strictly adhered
to, but that additional changes and modifications may suggest
themselves to one skilled in the art, all falling within the scope
of the invention as defined by the subjoined claims.
* * * * *
References