U.S. patent application number 14/875429 was filed with the patent office on 2016-04-07 for imaging management apparatus, x-ray imaging system, method for processing information, and program.
The applicant listed for this patent is CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Invention is credited to Hirohide Tachikawa.
Application Number | 20160095567 14/875429 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 55631910 |
Filed Date | 2016-04-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160095567 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tachikawa; Hirohide |
April 7, 2016 |
IMAGING MANAGEMENT APPARATUS, X-RAY IMAGING SYSTEM, METHOD FOR
PROCESSING INFORMATION, AND PROGRAM
Abstract
A dose measured from region information, X-ray information, and
a captured image in a previous imaging operation and a dose of
radiation obtained from a DAP meter are saved as pieces of
information. A dose used in a first imaging operation is based on
the saved pieces of information, and a dose to be used in a second
imaging operation is estimated from region information or X-ray
information in the second imaging operation. If there is a
significant difference between the dose in the first imaging
operation and the estimated dose for the second imaging operation,
a warning is issued. If an image of a region is captured for
testing purposes, a warning is not issued.
Inventors: |
Tachikawa; Hirohide;
(Yokohama-shi, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA |
Tokyo |
|
JP |
|
|
Family ID: |
55631910 |
Appl. No.: |
14/875429 |
Filed: |
October 5, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
378/98.2 ;
378/98 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 6/542 20130101;
A61B 6/563 20130101; A61B 6/465 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 6/00 20060101
A61B006/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Oct 7, 2014 |
JP |
2014-206744 |
Claims
1. An imaging management apparatus that obtains an X-ray image
obtained as a result of X-ray imaging performed by an X-ray
reception unit and an X-ray generation unit and that manages
information regarding the X-ray imaging, the imaging management
apparatus comprising: a first obtaining unit configured to obtain
information regarding a dose in a first X-ray imaging operation
performed by the X-ray generation unit and the X-ray reception
unit; a second obtaining unit configured to obtain, after X-ray
radiation corresponding to the first X-ray imaging operation but
before X-ray radiation corresponding to a second X-ray imaging
operation, which is managed by the imaging management apparatus and
performed after the first X-ray imaging operation, information
regarding a dose in the second X-ray imaging operation; and an
output control unit configured to cause, after the X-ray radiation
corresponding to the first X-ray imaging operation but before the
X-ray radiation corresponding to the second X-ray imaging
operation, an output unit to issue a warning on the basis of a
difference between a value based on the information regarding the
dose in the first X-ray imaging operation and a value based on the
information regarding the dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation.
2. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising: a specification unit configured to specify imaging
information regarding the X-ray imaging; and a control unit
configured to transmit, after the imaging information is specified,
information regarding an X-ray radiation condition corresponding to
the imaging information to the X-ray generation unit, wherein the
output control unit is configured to cause the output unit to issue
the warning if the control unit is not able to transmit the
information regarding an X-ray radiation condition.
3. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
if the X-ray generation unit and the imaging management apparatus
are not connected to each other, the output control unit is
configured to cause the output unit to issue the warning and, if
the X-ray generation unit and the imaging management apparatus are
connected to each other, inhibits the output unit from issuing the
warning.
4. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising: a monitoring unit configured to monitor communication
between the X-ray generation unit and the imaging management
apparatus, wherein, if there is an abnormality in the
communication, the output control unit causes the output unit to
issue the warning and, if there is no abnormality in the
communication, inhibits the output unit from issuing the
warning.
5. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising: an information obtaining unit configured to obtain
function information regarding the X-ray generation unit, wherein
the output control unit controls the issuance of the warning on the
basis of the function information.
6. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
if the X-ray generation unit maintains setting of the X-ray
radiation condition until the setting is changed, the output
control unit causes the output unit to issue the warning, and
wherein, if the X-ray generation unit initializes the setting of
the X-ray radiation condition before each X-ray radiation
operation, the output control unit inhibits the output unit from
issuing the warning.
7. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising: a detection unit configured to detect that the X-ray
generation unit that communicates with the imaging management
apparatus has changed, wherein, if the detection unit detects,
after the X-ray radiation corresponding to the first X-ray imaging
operation but before the X-ray radiation corresponding to the
second X-ray imaging operation, that the X-ray generation unit has
changed, the output control unit causes the output unit to issue
the warning.
8. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the output control unit displays information indicating the warning
and the information regarding the dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation obtained by the second obtaining unit on a display
unit.
9. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising: a display control unit configured to display first
imaging information corresponding to the first X-ray imaging
operation and second imaging information corresponding to the
second X-ray imaging operation on a display unit; and a
specification unit configured to specify imaging information,
wherein, if the specification unit specifies the second imaging
information, the output control unit causes the output unit to
issue the warning.
10. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
if the difference between the value based on the information
regarding the dose in the first imaging operation and the value
based on the information regarding the dose in the second imaging
operation is larger than a threshold, the output control unit
causes the output unit to issue the warning and, if the difference
between the value based on the information regarding the dose in
the first imaging operation and the value based on the information
regarding the dose in the second imaging operation is smaller than
a threshold, inhibits the output unit from issuing the warning.
11. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first obtaining unit obtains at least any of the following
pieces of information as the information regarding the dose in the
first X-ray imaging operation: information regarding a standard
dose associated with an imaging region; information regarding a
dose associated with imaging information regarding the first X-ray
imaging operation; information regarding a dose calculated from an
X-ray image obtained as a result of the first X-ray imaging
operation; information regarding an X-ray radiation condition under
which X-rays have been radiated from the X-ray generation unit in
the first X-ray imaging operation; and information regarding a dose
obtained by measuring a dose of X-rays radiated from the X-ray
generation unit in the first X-ray imaging operation.
12. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first obtaining unit receives the information regarding the
dose from a dosimeter whose detection unit is provided between an
X-ray emission port of the X-ray generation unit and the X-ray
reception unit.
13. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second obtaining unit obtains information regarding an
estimated dose according to imaging information regarding the
second X-ray imaging operation as the information regarding the
dose in the second X-ray imaging operation.
14. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
the second obtaining unit obtains, as information regarding an
estimated dose in the second X-ray imaging operation, information
regarding a dose obtained on the basis of information regarding a
standard radiation condition associated with imaging information
regarding the second X-ray imaging operation.
15. The imaging management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the output control unit performs either display control, in which a
display unit that is the output unit displays information
indicating the warning, or control in which an audio output unit
that is the output unit outputs a voice indicating the warning.
16. An X-ray imaging system comprising: a reception unit configured
to receive imaging information regarding a plurality of X-ray
imaging operations performed by an X-ray generation unit and an
X-ray reception unit; a first obtaining unit configured to obtain
information regarding a dose in a first X-ray imaging operation
among the plurality of X-ray imaging operations; a second obtaining
unit configured to obtain, after X-ray radiation corresponding to
the first X-ray imaging operation but before X-ray radiation
corresponding to a second X-ray imaging operation, which is managed
by an imaging management apparatus and performed after the first
X-ray imaging operation, information regarding a dose in the second
X-ray imaging operation; and an output control unit configured to
cause, after the X-ray radiation corresponding to the first X-ray
imaging operation but before the X-ray radiation corresponding to
the second X-ray imaging operation, an output unit to issue a
warning on the basis of a difference between a value based on the
information regarding the dose in the first X-ray imaging operation
and a value based on the information regarding the dose in the
second X-ray imaging operation.
17. A method for processing information used for managing
information regarding X-ray imaging performed by an X-ray reception
unit and an X-ray generation unit, the method comprising the steps
of: obtaining information regarding a dose in a first X-ray imaging
operation performed by the X-ray generation unit and the X-ray
reception unit; obtaining, after X-ray radiation corresponding to
the first X-ray imaging operation but before X-ray radiation
corresponding to a second X-ray imaging operation, which is managed
by an imaging management apparatus and performed after the first
X-ray imaging operation, information regarding a dose in the second
X-ray imaging operation; and causing, after the X-ray radiation
corresponding to the first X-ray imaging operation but before the
X-ray radiation corresponding to the second X-ray imaging
operation, an output unit to issue a warning on the basis of a
difference between a value based on the information regarding the
dose in the first X-ray imaging operation and a value based on the
information regarding the dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation.
18. A program for causing a computer to execute the method
according to claim 17.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present disclosure relates to an imaging management
apparatus, an X-ray imaging system, a method for processing
information, and a program.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] In X-ray imaging, an X-ray reception unit that receives
X-rays and obtains an X-ray image, an X-ray generation unit that
emits X-rays to a subject, and an imaging management apparatus that
manages information regarding the X-ray imaging by, for example,
obtaining the X-ray image from the X-ray reception unit are
used.
[0005] Information regarding tube current, tube voltage, the
duration of radiation, and the like which are radiation conditions
under which the X-ray generation unit emits X-rays, is set in
accordance with an imaging region of the subject or an examination
purpose. There are often predetermined radiation conditions for
each imaging region or examination purpose. In Japanese Patent
Application Laid-Open No. 2006-340910, a reference dose of
radiation is determined on the basis of subject information, and if
an estimated dose of radiation exceeds the reference dose, a
warning is displayed.
[0006] Radiation conditions might be manually set for the X-ray
generation unit from an operation panel, and an error, lack of
setting, and other mistakes can occur in such a manual operation.
If a plurality of X-ray imaging operations are sequentially
performed using the X-ray generation unit and doses of radiation to
be used are significantly different from one another because of
different imaging regions between the X-ray imaging operations, for
example, an X-ray imaging operation might be performed with an
inappropriate dose due to an error in setting.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention provides an imaging management
apparatus that obtains an X-ray image as a result of X-ray imaging
performed by an X-ray reception unit and an X-ray generation unit
and that manages information regarding the X-ray imaging. The
imaging management apparatus includes a first obtaining unit
configured to obtain information regarding a dose in a first X-ray
imaging operation performed by the X-ray generation unit and the
X-ray reception unit, a second obtaining unit configured to obtain,
after X-ray radiation corresponding to the first X-ray imaging
operation but before X-ray radiation corresponding to a second
X-ray imaging operation, which is managed by the imaging management
apparatus and performed after the first X-ray imaging operation,
information regarding a dose in the second X-ray imaging operation,
and an output control unit configured to cause, after the X-ray
radiation corresponding to the first X-ray imaging operation but
before the X-ray radiation corresponding to the second X-ray
imaging operation, an output unit to issue a warning on the basis
of a difference between a value based on the information regarding
the dose in the first X-ray imaging operation and a value based on
the information regarding the dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation.
[0008] Further features of the present invention will become
apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments
with reference to the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of
an X-ray imaging system according to an embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the hardware configuration
of an imaging management apparatus.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating functions of an imaging
management apparatus according to another embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating information processing
for managing information relating X-ray imaging performed by an
X-ray reception unit and an X-ray generation unit according to an
embodiment.
[0013] FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating examples of a
display screen displayed on a display unit.
[0014] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating information processing
according to another embodiment.
[0015] FIGS. 7A to 7D are diagrams illustrating configurations of
X-ray imaging systems adopting a digital radiography (DR) method or
a computed radiography (CR) method.
[0016] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating functions of an imaging
control apparatus according to an embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a warning process
performed by a system in which the imaging control apparatus is
used.
[0018] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a warning process
performed by a system in which an examination information
recognition apparatus is used.
[0019] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating functions of the
examination information recognition apparatus according to an
embodiment.
[0020] FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating configurations
of X-ray imaging systems, in each of which a dose area product
(DAP) meter is used.
[0021] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an
X-ray imaging system according to another embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0022] An X-ray imaging system according to an embodiment of the
present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The
X-ray imaging system includes an X-ray reception unit 101 that
obtains an X-ray image, an X-ray generation unit 102, and an
imaging management apparatus 103. The X-ray reception unit 101 is,
for example, a film cassette that includes an X-ray film, a CR
cassette that includes an imaging plate used for CR, or a digital
X-ray sensor (DR sensor) that includes an X-ray detection array
including photoelectric conversion elements arranged in two
dimensions. The X-ray generation unit 102 includes an X-ray source
1021 including a target that receives high-speed electron beams to
generate X-rays, a diaphragm 1022 that shapes the generated X-rays,
and an X-ray generation control section 1023 that controls the
X-ray source 1021.
[0023] An output unit 1031 that outputs information is connected to
the imaging management apparatus 103. The imaging management
apparatus 103 obtains an X-ray image obtained as a result of X-ray
imaging performed by the X-ray reception unit 101 and the X-ray
generation unit 102 and manages information regarding the X-ray
imaging. The imaging management apparatus 103 includes an imaging
information obtaining unit 1034, a first dose obtaining unit 1035,
a second dose obtaining unit 1036, and an output control unit 1037.
The imaging information obtaining unit 1034 obtains a plurality of
pieces of imaging information corresponding to a plurality of X-ray
imaging operations from an external apparatus or an internal
memory. The first dose obtaining unit 1035 obtains information
regarding a dose in a first X-ray imaging operation among the
plurality of X-ray imaging operations. The second dose obtaining
unit 1036 obtains information regarding an estimated dose for a
second X-ray imaging, which is performed after the first X-ray
imaging operation. As used herein, when referring to the X-ray
imaging operations, the terms "first" and "second" are merely used
to distinguish a temporal difference between two sequential X-ray
imaging operations occurring one after the other. Therefore, the
terms "first" and "second" do not limit the X-ray imaging
operations to only two, as the concept of issuing a warning can be
applied to any number of sequential X-ray imaging operations. The
information regarding an estimated dose is obtained in order for
the output control unit 1037 to cause the output unit 1031 to issue
a warning based on the information regarding an estimated dose as
necessary before the second (or subsequent) X-ray imaging operation
is performed.
[0024] The output control unit 1037 obtains a difference between
the dose in the first X-ray imaging operation and the estimated
dose in the second X-ray imaging operation and causes the output
unit 1031 to issue a warning on the basis of the difference. With
this configuration, a warning can be issued in accordance with the
difference. A user can be warned of a change in the dose between
imaging operations, and inappropriate radiation due to lack of
setting of the radiation conditions can be suppressed. If a
difference between a value based on information regarding the dose
in the first imaging operation and the estimated dose for the
second imaging operation is larger than a threshold, for example,
the output control unit 1037 causes the output unit 1031 to issue a
warning based on the difference. If the difference is large, an
inappropriate imaging operation is likely to occur, and the warning
is issued to warn the user against inappropriately performing the
second X-ray imaging operation. In another embodiment, if the
estimated dose in the second X-ray imaging operation is higher than
the dose in the first X-ray imaging operation, the output unit 1031
issues a warning indicating that an image might be obtained with
insufficient radiation due to lack of setting of the radiation
conditions. If the estimated dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation is lower than the dose in the first X-ray imaging
operation, the output unit 1031 issues a warning indicating that
inappropriate radiation might occur due to lack of setting of the
radiation conditions. Since the output control unit 1037 controls
the issuance of a warning using information regarding the
difference between the dose in the first X-ray imaging operation
and the estimated dose for the second X-ray imaging operation, an
appropriate warning can be issued in accordance with a situation.
In this manner, erroneous or unnecessary imaging due to
inappropriate radiation dosage can be prevented.
[0025] If the value based on the information regarding the dose in
the first X-ray imaging operation and the estimated dose for the
second X-ray imaging operation is smaller than the threshold, the
output control unit 1037 inhibits the output unit 1031 from issuing
a warning based on the difference. In doing so, an unnecessary
warning is not issued, thereby realizing appropriate issuance of
warnings.
[0026] The first dose obtaining unit 1035 may use an estimated dose
or an actual dose measured by a dosimeter or the like as the
information regarding the dose in the first X-ray imaging
operation. The first dose obtaining unit 1035 obtains, for example,
at least information regarding a standard dose associated with an
imaging region in the first X-ray imaging operation, information
regarding a dose associated with imaging information regarding the
first X-ray imaging operation, or information regarding a dose
calculated from an X-ray image obtained as a result of the first
X-ray imaging operation. Alternatively, the first dose obtaining
unit 1035 obtains at least information regarding radiation
conditions under which X-rays have been radiated from the X-ray
generation unit 102 in the first X-ray imaging operation or
information regarding a dose obtained by measuring a dose of X-rays
emitted from the X-ray generation unit 102 in the first X-ray
imaging operation. In an embodiment, the imaging management
apparatus 103 is connected to a dosimeter whose detection unit,
such as a photomultiplier, is provided between an X-ray emission
port or the diaphragm 1022 of the X-ray generation unit 102 and the
X-ray reception unit 101, and the first dose obtaining unit 1035
receives information regarding a dose from the dosimeter.
[0027] The second dose obtaining unit 1036 obtains information
regarding a dose obtained on the basis of information regarding
standard radiation conditions associated with imaging information
regarding the second X-ray imaging operation as the information
regarding the estimated dose in the second X-ray imaging operation.
The standard radiation conditions may be, for example, an average,
a median, and a mode of each parameter included in radiation
conditions used when, in the past, a plurality of X-ray images were
obtained by capturing images of the same imaging region as in the
second X-ray imaging operation. Alternatively, information
regarding doses used when, in the past, a plurality of X-ray images
were obtained by capturing images of the same imaging region as in
the second X-ray imaging operation may be used as the information
regarding the estimated dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation.
[0028] If the X-ray reception unit 101 is a digital X-ray sensor,
the imaging management apparatus 103 may include a wired or
wireless communication circuit that communicates with the X-ray
reception unit 101 and that receives an X-ray image obtained by the
digital X-ray sensor. Alternatively, the imaging management
apparatus 103 may include a communication circuit that communicates
with the X-ray generation unit 102.
[0029] An operation unit 1032 that receives an operation performed
by the user may be connected to the imaging management apparatus
103. In this case, the order of imaging operations can be set by,
for example, sequentially specifying a plurality of pieces of
imaging information obtained by the imaging information obtaining
unit 1034. An imaging management unit 1033 manages the order of
imaging operations and associates X-ray images obtained as a result
of imaging operations and the pieces of imaging information with
each other. The imaging management unit 1033 associates the X-ray
images and the pieces of imaging information with each other by,
for example, giving common IDs to the pieces of imaging information
and the X-ray images as additional information.
[0030] A radiology information system (RIS) 104 that provides a
plurality of pieces of imaging information for the imaging
management apparatus 103 may be connected to the imaging management
apparatus 103. In this case, the imaging information obtaining unit
1034 includes a communication circuit that receives the imaging
information from the RIS 104. If a picture archiving and
communication system (PACS) 105 is connected to the imaging
management apparatus 103, the imaging management apparatus 103
transmits an X-ray image obtained as a result of X-ray imaging
through a communication circuit thereof. If a printer 106 is
connected to the imaging management apparatus 103, the imaging
management apparatus 103 transmits an X-ray image obtained as a
result of X-ray imaging through the communication circuit thereof
in order to print the X-ray image.
[0031] The hardware configuration of the imaging management
apparatus 103 will be described. The imaging management apparatus
103 is realized, for example, through a combination of a computer
and a program including commands to be read and executed by the
computer. The imaging management apparatus 103 includes, for
example, a central processing unit (CPU) 201, a read-only memory
(ROM) 202, a random-access memory (RAM) 203, a hard disk drive
(HDD) 204, a communication interface 205, a high-definition
multimedia interface (HDMI; registered trademark) 206, and a
universal serial bus (USB) interface 207, or a plurality of each of
these components, that are connected to one another by a bus 209.
The HDD 204 is used for storing a program 2041 including commands
for realizing functions and processes according to the present
embodiment. The program 2041 is loaded into the RAM 203. The CPU
201 executes the commands included in the program stored in the RAM
203 or the ROM 202 to realize the functions and the processes
according to the present embodiment. The communication interface
205 is a communication circuit used for communication when the
imaging management apparatus 103 is connected to the RIS 104, the
PACS 105, or the printer 106. The HDMI 206 is an interface with or
a connection port for the output unit 1031. The USB interface 207
is an interface with or a connection port for the operation unit
1032.
[0032] An imaging management apparatus 300 according to another
embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3. The imaging
management apparatus 300 is obtained by adding a control unit 301
that integrally controls the imaging management apparatus 300 and
other various components that will be described hereinafter to the
imaging management apparatus 103 according to the above
embodiment.
[0033] The imaging management apparatus 300 according to the
present embodiment includes a specification unit 302 that specifies
imaging information. The imaging management apparatus 300 might be
connected to the X-ray generation unit 102.
[0034] After the first X-ray imaging operation is performed, the
specification unit 302 specifies imaging information corresponding
to the second X-ray imaging operation, which is different from the
first X-ray imaging operation, as imaging information regarding an
X-ray imaging operation performed after the first X-ray imaging
operation. Imaging information is sequentially specified on the
basis of, for example, the order of imaging operations stored in a
memory, information regarding the order of a plurality of pieces of
imaging information, or information regarding identifiers
(IDs).
[0035] It is assumed, for example, that the operation unit 1032 and
a display unit 303, which is the output unit 1031, are connected to
the imaging management apparatus 300 and the output control unit
1037 displays a plurality of pieces of imaging operation on the
display unit 303. In this case, after an operation for selecting
one of the plurality of pieces of imaging information displayed on
the display unit 303 is performed, the specification unit 302
specifies the selected piece of imaging information as imaging
information regarding a next X-ray imaging operation. After the
X-ray generation unit 102 emits X-rays to start the next X-ray
imaging operation with the imaging information specified, the
imaging management unit 1033 associates an X-ray image obtained as
a result of the X-ray imaging operation and the specified imaging
information with each other.
[0036] If imaging information is specified after the first X-ray
imaging operation is performed as described above, the next X-ray
imaging operation is automatically specified. If imaging
information is specified in accordance with an operation performed
using the operation unit 1032, the user can arbitrarily set the
order of imaging operations.
[0037] After imaging information is specified, the control unit 301
causes a first communication unit 304 to transmit information
regarding radiation conditions corresponding to the imaging
information to the X-ray generation unit 102. If the imaging
management apparatus 300 is connected to the X-ray generation unit
102, therefore, the information regarding radiation conditions is
transmitted to the X-ray generation unit 102 through the first
communication unit 304.
[0038] The imaging information includes, for example, information
indicating an imaging region such as a chest, an abdomen, or a
head, information indicating an imaging direction such as backward
or forward, and information indicating an imaging method such as
still image capture, fluoroscopy, or long moving image capture. The
imaging information may also include information regarding standard
radiation conditions corresponding to the imaging region, the
imaging direction, and the imaging method. The information
regarding radiation conditions includes information regarding tube
current, tube voltage, the duration of radiation, and the like. The
imaging information may also include information indicating a type
of X-ray reception unit used for imaging. The information
indicating the type of X-ray reception unit used for imaging may
include information regarding the size of a DR sensor or the like
as well as information regarding the type of X-ray reception unit
such as a film cassette, CR cassette, or a DR sensor. The imaging
information may also include information regarding an imaging
position such as a standing position, a reclining position, or a
free position.
[0039] If the information regarding radiation conditions is
associated with the imaging information such as when the imaging
information includes the information regarding radiation
conditions, the control unit 301 obtains, after the specification
unit 302 specifies the imaging information, corresponding
information regarding radiation conditions and supplies the
information regarding radiation conditions to the first
communication unit 304.
[0040] The control unit 301 also determines whether the first
communication unit 304 can transmit (has transmitted) the radiation
conditions. If the X-ray generation unit 102 and the first
communication unit 304 are not physically connected to each other,
for example, the control unit 301 determines that the first
communication unit 304 cannot transmit the radiation conditions. If
the connection is established, the control unit 301 determines that
the first communication unit 304 can transmit the radiation
conditions. If the connection is established but the first
communication unit 304 has not received a radiation condition
reception notification (ACK) from the X-ray generation unit 102,
the control unit 301 determines that the first communication unit
304 has failed to transmit the radiation conditions. If the first
communication unit 304 has received the ACK, the control unit 301
determines that the first communication unit 304 has transmitted
the radiation conditions.
[0041] If the control unit 301 cannot cause the first communication
unit 304 to transmit the information regarding radiation
conditions, the output control unit 1037 causes the output unit
1031 to issue a warning. On the other hand, if the first
communication unit 304 can transmit the radiation conditions, the
transmitted radiation conditions are set in the X-ray generation
unit 102 to update the X-ray generation unit 102 for the second
X-ray imaging operation. In this case, since the warning might not
be necessary, the output control unit 1037 inhibits the output unit
1031 from issuing a warning. This can be realized by not supplying,
to the output unit 1031, a signal for issuing a warning.
[0042] The imaging management apparatus 300 according to the
present embodiment includes a monitoring unit 305 that monitors
communication between the X-ray generation unit 102 and the imaging
management apparatus 300. The monitoring unit 305 monitors a
communication state on the basis of the state of the first
communication unit 304 and information communicated between the
X-ray generation unit 102 and the imaging management apparatus 300.
If there is an abnormality in the communication, the monitoring
unit 305 outputs a signal indicating that there has been an
abnormality to the control unit 301. As described above, it can be
determined whether there has been an abnormality in the
communication in accordance with presence or absence of an ACK.
[0043] If the output control unit 1037 receives, from the control
unit 301, a signal indicating that there has been an abnormality,
that is, if there is an abnormality in the communication, the
output control unit 1037 causes the output unit 1031 to issue a
warning based on the dose difference. If there is no abnormality,
the output control unit 1037 inhibits the output unit 1031 from
issuing a warning based on the dose difference. By providing the
monitoring unit 305 that monitors the communication state, too, a
warning can be issued to the user as necessary.
[0044] In another embodiment, an information obtaining unit that
obtains function information regarding the X-ray generation unit
102 may be provided. In this case, the output control unit 1037
controls the issuance of a warning on the basis of the function
information. If the X-ray generation unit 102 has a function of
issuing a warning according to the present embodiment, for example,
the warning is not necessary. A warning can thus be issued in
accordance with the function of the X-ray generation unit 102.
[0045] The function information according to an embodiment is, for
example, information indicating that the X-ray generation unit 102
is an X-ray generation unit that maintains the setting of X-ray
radiation conditions until the setting is manually changed or
information indicating that the X-ray generation unit 102 is an
X-ray generation unit that initializes the setting of X-ray
radiation conditions before each X-ray radiation operation. If the
function information is the former information, for example, the
radiation conditions need to be set for each imaging operation, and
it is advantageous to issue a warning according to this embodiment.
If the function information is the latter information, a warning
based on a difference from a dose in a previous imaging operation
is not necessary. From this perspective, if the X-ray generation
unit 102 is an X-ray generation unit that maintains the setting of
X-ray radiation conditions until the setting is manually changed,
the output control unit 1037 causes the output unit 1031 to issue a
warning. If the X-ray generation unit 102 is an X-ray generation
unit that initializes the setting of X-ray radiation conditions
before each X-ray radiation operation, the output control unit 1037
inhibits the output unit 1031 from issuing a warning. In doing so,
a warning can be issued at an appropriate timing while preventing
an unnecessary warning.
[0046] The information obtaining unit that obtains the function
information according to an embodiment reads the function
information from a memory on the basis of, for example, an ID of
the X-ray generation unit 102 connected to the imaging management
apparatus 300. In this case, the control unit 301, for example,
functions as the information obtaining unit. In another embodiment,
the information obtaining unit receives the function information
from the X-ray generation unit 102 connected thereto. In this case,
the first communication unit 304 functions as the first
communication unit 304.
[0047] In doing so, if there is no communication with the X-ray
generation unit 102 or if the imaging management apparatus 103 does
not have a function of setting radiation conditions for the X-ray
generation unit 102, it is possible to reduce the possibility of an
inappropriate dose due to lack of setting of the radiation
conditions for the X-ray generation unit 102.
[0048] The imaging management apparatus 300 may be connected to the
display unit 303 or a speaker 306, which is an audio output unit,
as the output unit 1031. The output unit 1031 may be implemented by
a visual output unit such as an LCD screen, an audio output unit
such as a speaker, a haptic output unit such as a vibrating device
for the tactile sense. If the display unit 303 is connected, the
output control unit 1037 performs display control, in which
information indicating the above-described warning based on the
dose difference is displayed on the display unit 303. If the
speaker 306 is connected, the output control unit 1037 causes the
speaker 306 to output a voice indicating the warning. In these
cases, the output control unit 1037 includes, for example, the HDMI
206. The output control unit 1037 may perform both types of
control. Alternatively, a touch panel display in which the output
control unit 1037 and the operation unit 1032 are integrated with
each other may be used.
[0049] The imaging management apparatus 300 may also include a
second communication unit 307 different from the first
communication unit 304. The first communication unit 304 includes,
for example, a USB interface, and the second communication unit 307
includes an Ethernet.RTM. interface. In an embodiment, the second
communication unit 307 is connected to the RIS 104, the PACS 105,
the printer 106, or a network inside or outside a hospital
connected to the RIS 104, the PACS 105, and the printer 106. The
second communication unit 307 corresponds to the communication
interface 205. The second communication unit 307 functions as a
reception unit that receives imaging information regarding a
plurality of X-ray imaging operations.
[0050] The imaging management apparatus 300 may also include a
third communication unit 308 different from the first communication
unit 304 and the second communication unit 307. If the X-ray
reception unit 101 is a digital X-ray sensor, the third
communication unit 308 communicates with the X-ray reception unit
101 and receives an X-ray image obtained by the X-ray reception
unit 101. If the X-ray reception unit 101 is a CR cassette, the
third communication unit 308 communicates with a reader that reads
a latent image obtained by the X-ray reception unit 101 and
receives an X-ray image obtained by the reader. The first, second,
and third communication units 304, 307, and 308 may be directly
connected to the X-ray generation unit 102, the RIS 104, and the
X-ray reception unit 101, or may communicate with the X-ray
generation unit 102, the RIS 104, and the X-ray reception unit 101
through a relay such as an access point. The first, second, and
third communication units 304, 307, and 308 may be communication
units capable of performing wireless communication. Alternatively,
the imaging management apparatus 300 may be connected to a relay by
a wire, and the relay and a communication destination may
wirelessly communicate with each other.
[0051] Information processing for managing imaging according to the
present embodiment will be described with reference to a flowchart
of FIG. 4. In step S401, the imaging information obtaining unit
1034 loads a plurality of pieces of imaging information
corresponding to a plurality of X-ray imaging operations. In this
processing, the imaging information obtaining unit 1034 may read
the plurality of pieces of imaging information from the memory of
the imaging management apparatus 103, or may receive the plurality
of pieces of imaging information from the RIS 104.
[0052] In step S402, the X-ray generation unit 102 and the X-ray
reception unit 101 perform the first X-ray imaging operation. The
first X-ray imaging operation is an X-ray imaging operation
corresponding to one of the plurality of pieces of imaging
information obtained by the imaging information obtaining unit
1034. In step S403, the first dose obtaining unit 1035 obtains
information regarding a dose in the first X-ray imaging operation.
If the first dose obtaining unit 1035 uses radiation conditions
used in the first X-ray imaging operation or a dose measured by the
dosimeter or the like, step S402 and step S403 are performed in
this order. If the first dose obtaining unit 1035 obtains an
estimated dose in the first X-ray imaging operation in another
embodiment, step S402 and step S403 may be switched.
[0053] In step S404, the second dose obtaining unit 1036 obtains
information regarding an estimated dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation, which is an X-ray imaging operation corresponding to one
of the plurality of pieces of imaging information obtained by the
imaging information obtaining unit 1034 and performed after the
first X-ray imaging operation. As the estimated dose, a dose used
for obtaining a past image of the same imaging region as in the
second X-ray imaging operation or a dose set as a standard value
for the imaging region is used.
[0054] In step S405, the output control unit 1037 calculates a
difference d between the information regarding the dose in the
first X-ray imaging operation and the estimated dose in the second
X-ray imaging operation. In step S406, the output control unit 1037
determines whether the difference d exceeds a threshold. If the
difference d exceeds the threshold, the process proceeds to step
S407, and a warning indicating that X-ray imaging might be
performed under inappropriate radiation conditions is issued. As
described above, the warning is issued as a voice or information on
a display.
[0055] In step S408, the X-ray generation unit 102 and the X-ray
reception unit 101 perform the second X-ray imaging operation. The
second X-ray imaging operation is an X-ray imaging operation
corresponding to one of the plurality of pieces of imaging
information obtained by the imaging information obtaining unit 1034
different from the one corresponding to the first X-ray imaging
operation.
[0056] By issuing a warning in step S407 after X-ray radiation
corresponding to the first X-ray imaging operation (S402) but
before X-ray radiation corresponding to the second X-ray imaging
operation (S408), a warning can be issued to the user in order to
appropriately perform the second X-ray imaging operation, thereby
reducing the possibility of an inappropriate imaging operation.
[0057] A display screen 500 displayed by the output control unit
1037 on the display unit 303 when the display unit 303 and the
operation unit 1032 are connected to the imaging management
apparatus 300 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5C. A
process illustrated in a flowchart of FIG. 6 will also be described
in accordance with changes in the display screen 500. FIG. 5A
illustrates the display screen 500 after a plurality of pieces of
imaging information are obtained in step S401. FIG. 5B illustrates
the display screen 500 after the first X-ray imaging operation is
performed in step S402. FIG. 5C illustrates the display screen 500
after a warning is displayed in step S407. Steps illustrated in the
flowchart of FIG. 6 having the same reference numerals as those
illustrated in FIG. 4 are the same steps as those illustrated in
FIG. 4, and description thereof is omitted.
[0058] The display screen 500 includes an image area 501 for
displaying a captured X-ray image, a subject area 502 for
displaying information regarding a subject, an imaging information
area 503 for displaying imaging information, and an end icon 504
for ending an examination. In the imaging information area 503, a
plurality of pieces of imaging information is displayed. In an
embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 5A, a first information area
505a corresponding to first imaging information corresponding to
the first X-ray imaging operation, a second information area 505b
corresponding to second imaging information corresponding to the
second X-ray imaging operation, and a third information area 505c
corresponding to third imaging information corresponding to a third
X-ray imaging operation are displayed. In an embodiment, a first
thumbnail area 505d, a second thumbnail area 505e, and a third
thumbnail area 505f in which thumbnails of X-ray images obtained in
the first to third imaging operations corresponding to the first to
third imaging information are arranged in the first, second, and
third information areas 505a, 505b, and 505c, respectively. A
message or an icon indicating information included in the imaging
information, such as imaging positions, imaging directions, and
imaging methods, may be displayed in the first to third information
areas 505a to 505c.
[0059] In FIG. 5A, the imaging information obtaining unit 1034 has
obtained a plurality of pieces of imaging information (S401), and
the specification unit 302 has specified the first imaging
information. The output control unit 1037 controls display modes of
the first to third information areas 505a to 505c such that
specified information and information that has not been specified
are distinguished from each other.
[0060] If the X-ray reception unit 101 is a digital X-ray sensor
and the X-ray reception unit 101 and the imaging management
apparatus 300 can communicate with each other through the third
communication unit 308, the following process is performed. That
is, after the imaging information is specified, the control unit
301 generates a control signal for supplying power to the X-ray
detection array included in the X-ray reception unit 101 and
transmits the control signal through the third communication unit
308. The X-ray reception unit 101 thus begins to prepare to receive
X-rays.
[0061] The X-ray generation unit 102 generates X-rays (S402), and
the X-ray reception unit 101 obtains an X-ray image. The imaging
management apparatus 300 receives the X-ray image, and the output
control unit 1037 displays the image on the display unit 303
(S601). FIG. 5B illustrates this state. The first dose obtaining
unit 1035 has obtained information regarding a dose in the first
X-ray imaging operation (S403).
[0062] In FIG. 5B, the X-ray image is displayed in the image area
501, and a thumbnail of the X-ray image is displayed in the first
thumbnail area 505d corresponding to the first imaging information.
An image processing unit configured by the CPU 201 of the imaging
management apparatus 300 may perform a noise reduction process,
tone conversion, a sharpening process, and the like on the X-ray
image, and the X-ray image subjected to the image processing may be
displayed. If the imaging management apparatus 300 includes a
graphic processing unit (GPU), the GPU may perform the image
processing. If a server for performing image processing is
connected to the imaging management apparatus 300 through the
second communication unit 307, the server for performing image
processing may perform the image processing.
[0063] After the first X-ray imaging operation ends, the
specification unit 302 specifies the second imaging information
corresponding to the second X-ray imaging operation as illustrated
in FIG. 5C (S602). In accordance with the specification, the output
control unit 1037 automatically displays the second information
area 505b in a display mode by which the second information area
505b can be distinguished from the other information areas 505a and
505c. If the specification unit 302 specifies imaging information
in accordance with an operation performed using the operation unit
1032, the output control unit 1037 displays, in accordance with the
specification, an information area corresponding to the specified
imaging information in a display mode by which the information area
can be distinguished from the other information areas.
[0064] In accordance with the specification performed by the
specification unit 302, the second dose obtaining unit 1036 obtains
information regarding an estimated dose in the second X-ray imaging
operation, which is an X-ray imaging operation corresponding to one
of the plurality of pieces of imaging information obtained by the
imaging information obtaining unit 1034 and performed after the
first X-ray imaging operation (S404). The output control unit 1037
calculates the difference d between the dose in the first X-ray
imaging operation and the estimated dose in the second X-ray
imaging operation (S405).
[0065] In step S603, the control unit 301 or the monitoring unit
305 determines whether communication with the X-ray generation unit
102 is possible or whether radiation conditions have been
transmitted. If it is determined that there is an abnormality in
the communication, the output control unit 1037 determines whether
the difference d exceeds the threshold (S406). If the output
control unit 1037 determines that the difference d exceeds the
threshold, the output control unit 1037 displays a warning 506 on
the display unit 303 in step S604 as illustrated in FIG. 5C.
[0066] In the present embodiment, if it is determined that
communication cannot be performed or has failed, a process for
displaying a warning (S406 and S604) is performed because it is
likely that the radiation conditions are not automatically set and
have not been set. It is therefore possible to suppress an
inappropriate X-ray imaging operation. Alternatively, if the
process for determining the communication state performed in step
S603 is performed before step S403 and, if it is determined that
communication cannot be performed or has failed, the process for
displaying a warning performed in steps S403, S406, and S604 is
performed, and an unnecessary process can be reduced, which is
advantageous.
[0067] In doing so, if there is no communication with the X-ray
generation unit 102 or if the imaging management apparatus 103 does
not have a function of setting radiation conditions for the X-ray
generation unit 102, it is possible to reduce the possibility of an
inappropriate dose due to lack of setting of the radiation
conditions for the X-ray generation unit 102.
[0068] The warning 506 according to an embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 5C includes a message or an icon indicating that X-ray
radiation might be performed with a dose significantly different
from that in the previous imaging operation. The warning 506
corresponds to a warning based on a dose difference between imaging
operations. A message or an icon indicating that there is no
communication with the X-ray generation unit 102 or that
communication has failed may also be displayed. A message or an
icon asking the user to check the radiation conditions may also be
displayed.
[0069] The output control unit 1037 may also display the estimated
dose in the second X-ray imaging operation as a dose 507. In doing
so, the user is given an opportunity to set X-ray radiation
conditions on the basis of the estimated dose in the second X-ray
imaging operation, which can reduce the possibility of an error in
setting.
[0070] After the specification is performed in step S602, the
processing in steps S404, S405, S603, and S406 is sequentially
performed, and the output control unit 1037 displays the warning
506 in step S604 in accordance with the specified imaging
information. The warning 506 can thus be issued to the user before
the second X-ray imaging operation.
[0071] The warning 506 and the dose 507 may be displayed, for
example, in the same window and can be hidden by pressing an icon
508 for hiding the window. A trigger for hiding the warning 506 is
not limited to this, and the warning 506 may be automatically
hidden after being displayed for a certain period of time.
[0072] If a digital X-ray sensor is used as the X-ray reception
unit 101, the control unit 301 does not transmit the control signal
for supplying power to the X-ray detection array while the warning
506 is displayed. After the warning 506 is hidden, the control unit
301 transmits the control signal. By performing control such that
X-ray imaging becomes possible only after the user checks the
warning 506, the user can check the warning 506 more certainly.
[0073] If it is determined that the difference d does not exceed
the threshold or that there is no abnormality in the communication,
a warning is not necessary. The process proceeds to step S605
without issuing a warning.
[0074] In step S605, radiation performed by the X-ray generation
unit 102 is waited for, and if the X-ray generation unit 102 emits
X-rays (YES in step S605), the X-ray reception unit 101 performs
the second X-ray imaging operation in step S408. In step S606, the
output control unit 1037 displays an X-ray image obtained as a
result of the second X-ray imaging operation in the image area 501
of the display screen 500 of the display unit 303 instead of the
X-ray image obtained as a result of the first X-ray imaging
operation.
[0075] In step S607, an operation for pressing the end icon 504 is
waited for, and if the end icon 504 is pressed, the process
ends.
[0076] By issuing a warning in this manner to the user,
inappropriate radiation due to lack of setting of the radiation
conditions can be suppressed.
[0077] X-ray imaging systems according to other embodiments will be
described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 12B.
[0078] In FIGS. 7A to 12B, an imaging control apparatus 703 and an
examination information recognition apparatus 707 correspond to the
imaging management apparatus 103 (300), a DR sensor 704 and a CR
cassette 708 correspond to the X-ray reception unit 101 according
to an embodiment, a generation device communication unit 811
corresponds to the first communication unit 304, an RIS
communication unit 813 and a PACS communication unit 814 correspond
to the second communication unit 307, a sensor communication unit
815 corresponds to the third communication unit 308, a region
standard dose saving unit 819 corresponds to part of the first dose
obtaining unit 1035, an imaging dose estimation and measurement
unit 820 and an imaging dose estimation unit 1139 correspond to the
second dose obtaining unit 1036, and an imaging dose checking and
warning unit 816, an image display unit 817, and a warning display
unit 1136 correspond to the output unit 1031. A control unit 812
corresponds to the control unit 301, a modality worklist (MWL)
saving unit 818 corresponds to the imaging information obtaining
unit 1034, a previous imaging information saving unit 821
corresponds to the imaging management unit 1033, and a region
information comparison unit 822 and an imaging dose comparison unit
823 correspond to the output control unit 1037.
[0079] FIG. 7A illustrates the configuration of an X-ray imaging
system adopting a DR method. The X-ray imaging system according to
this embodiment includes an X-ray generation apparatus 700
including an X-ray generation device 701, an X-ray radiation unit
702 that emits X-rays when controlled by the X-ray generation
device 701, and the imaging control apparatus 703 that captures an
X-ray image accumulated by the DR sensor 704, and the DR sensor 704
that transmits, to the imaging control apparatus 703, an X-ray
image captured synchronously with the X-ray radiation performed by
the X-ray radiation unit 702. A RIS 705 that communicates subject
information and examination information with the imaging control
apparatus 703 and a PACS 706 that receives and saves an X-ray image
captured by the imaging control apparatus 703 are connected to the
X-ray imaging system.
[0080] With the configuration illustrated in FIG. 7A, X-ray imaging
is usually performed in the following procedure. First, the RIS 705
transmits subject information and imaging information, such as a
region and an imaging dose, regarding X-ray imaging to be performed
to the imaging control apparatus 703. Upon receiving the subject
information and the imaging information from the RIS 705, the
imaging control apparatus 703 prepares for an imaging operation
corresponding to the received imaging information. If the imaging
information includes an imaging dose condition, the imaging control
apparatus 703 transmits the imaging dose condition to the X-ray
generation device 701. Upon receiving the imaging dose condition
from the imaging control apparatus 703, the X-ray generation device
701 sets itself in such a way as to be able to emit X-rays in
accordance with the received imaging dose condition and stands by
for radiation. A dose to be used in actual X-ray radiation can be
changed later to an arbitrary value from a value set by an
operation performed by the user in accordance with the imaging dose
condition. The imaging control apparatus 703 transmits the imaging
dose condition to the X-ray generation device 701 and initializes
settings of the DR sensor 704 in accordance with a region condition
under which the imaging operation is to be performed. When the
X-ray generation device 701 and the DR sensor 704 are ready, the
imaging control apparatus 703 permits the X-ray generation device
701 to emit X-rays. The X-ray generation device 701 waits until an
X-ray generation trigger switch included therein is pressed and,
after the X-ray generation trigger switch is pressed, applies a
current and a voltage according to the imaging dose to the X-ray
radiation unit 702 to emit X-rays. While X-rays are being radiated,
the DR sensor 704 accumulates an image and transmits the
accumulated image to the imaging control apparatus 703. Upon
receiving the image from the DR sensor 704, the imaging control
apparatus 703 performs digital image processing on the obtained
image and transmits the processed image to the PACS 706 to save the
image. The X-ray imaging in which the DR sensor 704 is used is
performed in the above-described procedure.
[0081] FIG. 7B illustrates the configuration of an X-ray imaging
system adopting a CR method. In FIG. 7B, the components 701, 702,
705, and 706 are the same as those illustrated in FIG. 7A. In this
embodiment, the CR cassette 708 is used instead of the DR sensor
704. In this embodiment, the X-ray imaging system includes the
examination information recognition apparatus 707 that transmits
subject information and imaging information received from the RIS
705 to the X-ray generation device 701 and an image reader and
image processing unit 709, a CR cassette 708 that receives X-rays
radiated from the X-ray radiation unit 702, that accumulates an
X-ray image, and that digitizes the accumulated image using the
image reader and image processing unit 709, and the image reader
and image processing unit 709 that scans an image accumulated by
the CR cassette 708, that digitizes the image, and that performs
image processing on the image, and that transmits the image to the
PACS 706.
[0082] With the configuration illustrated in FIG. 7B, X-ray imaging
in which the CR cassette 708 is used is performed in the following
procedure. First, the RIS 705 transmits subject information and
imaging information, such as a region and an imaging dose,
regarding X-ray imaging to be performed to the examination
information recognition apparatus 707. Upon receiving the subject
information and the imaging information from the RIS 705, the
examination information recognition apparatus 707 prepares for an
imaging operation corresponding to the received imaging
information. If the imaging information includes an imaging dose
condition, the examination information recognition apparatus 707
transmits the imaging dose condition to the X-ray generation device
701. Upon receiving the imaging dose condition from the examination
information recognition apparatus 707, the X-ray generation device
701 sets itself in such a way as to be able to emit X-rays in
accordance with the received imaging dose condition and stands by
for radiation. A dose to be used in actual X-ray radiation can be
changed later to an arbitrary value from a value set by an
operation performed by the user in accordance with the imaging dose
condition. The examination information recognition apparatus 707
might be integrated with the X-ray generation device 701. Because
imaging conditions need not be set for the CR cassette 708 in
advance, the user selects a CR cassette 708 that serves his/her
purpose and sets the CR cassette 708 at an imaging position. When
the X-ray generation device 701 and the CR cassette 708 are ready,
the X-ray generation device 701 waits until the X-ray generation
trigger switch included therein is pressed and, after the X-ray
generation trigger switch is pressed, applies a current and a
voltage according to the imaging dose to the X-ray radiation unit
702 to emit X-rays. While X-rays are being radiated, the CR
cassette 708 accumulates an image. After the radiation of X-rays is
completed, the user inserts the CR cassette 708 into the image
reader and image processing unit 709. The image reader and image
processing unit 709 scans the image accumulated by the CR cassette
708, digitizes the image, performs digital image processing on the
image, and transmits the image to the PACS 706 to save the image.
The X-ray imaging in which the CR cassette 708 is used is performed
in the above-described procedure.
[0083] As described above, the X-ray generation device 701
reflects, using the imaging control apparatus 703 or the
examination information recognition apparatus 707, an imaging dose
included in imaging information regarding a certain subject
transmitted from the RIS 705. As described above, automatically set
X-ray radiation conditions can be changed to desired values through
manual operations performed later by the user. Since default values
of the X-ray radiation conditions are automatically set for each
operation for capturing an image of a subject, incorrect X-ray
radiation conditions cannot be used in imaging, unless the user
intentionally or carelessly changes the default values.
[0084] FIGS. 7C and 7D illustrate configurations at a time when the
X-ray generation device 701 is not connected to the imaging control
apparatus 703 or the examination information recognition apparatus
707. The components illustrated in FIGS. 7C and 7D are the same as
those illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively, but since the
X-ray generation device 701 is not connected to the imaging control
apparatus 703 or the examination information recognition apparatus
707, it is difficult for the imaging control apparatus 703 or the
examination information recognition apparatus 707 to transmit
imaging information (imaging dose information obtained from imaging
region information and imaging conditions) received from the RIS
705 to the X-ray generation device 701 to set these pieces of
information. In the cases illustrated in FIGS. 7C and 7D,
therefore, the user needs to manually operate the X-ray generation
device 701 to set an appropriate imaging dose for each imaging
operation. It is also difficult for the imaging control apparatus
703 or the examination information recognition apparatus 707 to
obtain a dose set for the X-ray generation device 701.
[0085] In the present embodiment, a possible inappropriate X-ray
radiation condition set for the X-ray generation device 701 for a
next imaging operation is detected and the user is warned of the
inappropriate setting even if, as in FIGS. 7C and 7D, the X-ray
generation device 701 is not connected to the imaging control
apparatus 703 or the examination information recognition apparatus
707 or even in the case of an abnormality, that is, for example, a
case in which the connection between the X-ray generation device
701 and the imaging control apparatus 703 or the examination
information recognition apparatus 707 is broken for some reason
although, as illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the X-ray generation
device 701 is connected to the imaging control apparatus 703 or the
examination information recognition apparatus 707.
[0086] FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the imaging control
apparatus 703 of a digital X-ray imaging system adopting the DR
method in which the X-ray generation device 701 and the imaging
control apparatus 703 do not communicate with each other as
illustrated in FIG. 7C. In FIG. 8, a generation device
communication unit 811 of the imaging control apparatus 703
communicates with the X-ray generation device 701. A control unit
812 controls the entirety of the imaging control apparatus 703. An
RIS communication unit 813 communicates with the RIS 705. A PACS
communication unit 814 communicates with the PACS 706. A sensor
communication unit 815 communicates with the DR sensor 704. An
imaging dose checking and warning unit 816 warns the user if a dose
might be inappropriate for a current imaging operation. An image
display unit 817 displays an X-ray image captured by the imaging
control apparatus 703 and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). An MWL
saving unit 818 saves imaging information (includes region
information, X-ray information, and sensor conditions) obtained
from the RIS 705 through the RIS communication unit 813. A region
standard dose saving unit 819 saves a standard dose during an
imaging operation for each imaging region. An imaging dose
estimation and measurement unit 820 estimates a dose during an
imaging operation from X-ray information and a captured image. A
previous imaging information saving unit 821 saves imaging region
information and the like in a previous imaging operation. A region
information comparison unit 822 compares region information and the
like in the previous imaging operation and region information and
the like in a current imaging operation. An imaging dose comparison
unit 823 compares a dose in the previous imaging operation and an
estimated dose in the current imaging operation.
[0087] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a process performed when
the digital X-ray imaging system adopting the DR method warns the
user of an inappropriate dose in a case in which the X-ray
generation device 701 and the imaging control apparatus 703 do not
communicate with each other as illustrated in FIG. 7C. First, in a
first imaging operation, the imaging control apparatus 703 receives
imaging information (includes region information, X-ray
information, and sensor conditions) from the RIS 705 through the
RIS communication unit 813 or obtains the imaging information
through an operation manually performed by the user before the
imaging operation starts. The control unit 812 analyzes the
received imaging information and saves the region information, the
X-ray information, the sensor conditions, and the like for the
imaging operation to the MWL saving unit 818. At this time, the
information saved to the MWL saving unit 818 may be only the region
information or the X-ray information. If the X-ray generation
device 701 and the imaging control apparatus 703 can communicate
with each other, the X-ray information is transmitted to the X-ray
generation device 701 through the generation device communication
unit 811, and a dose is automatically set for the X-ray generation
device 701. In this case, however, since the X-ray generation
device 701 and the imaging control apparatus 703 do not communicate
with each other, the automatic setting is not performed. Next, the
control unit 812 transmits the received sensor conditions to the DR
sensor 704 through the sensor communication unit 815 to prepare for
the imaging operation. After the preparation is completed, the
control unit 812 notifies the user of the completion through the
image display unit 817. The user sets an optimal dose for the
imaging operation by operating the X-ray generation device 701 and
waits until the image display unit 817 indicates that the
preparation has been completed. After confirming that the
preparation has been completed, the user presses the X-ray
generation trigger switch included in the X-ray generation device
701 to start the X-ray imaging. The DR sensor 704 detects X-rays
and begins to accumulate an image. After completing the
accumulation, the DR sensor 704 transmits the captured image to the
imaging control apparatus 703. The sensor communication unit 815 of
the imaging control apparatus 703 performs image processing on the
image received from the DR sensor 704 and displays the image on the
image display unit 817. The control unit 812 saves the region
information used in the imaging operation to the previous imaging
information saving unit 821 (S901) and calculates, using the
imaging dose estimation and measurement unit 820, an estimated dose
used in the imaging operation from the X-ray information saved in
the MWL saving unit 818. The control unit 812 saves the estimated
dose to the previous imaging information saving unit 821 (S902).
The first imaging operation thus ends.
[0088] Another imaging operation then follows. At a beginning of
this imaging operation, the dose set in the X-ray generation device
701 is estimated to be an optimal dose for the previous imaging
operation. The optimal dose refers to a dose adjusted by the user
on the basis of the X-ray information received from the RIS 705.
The optimal dose is therefore not necessarily the same as the X-ray
information received from the RIS 705, but there should be no
significant difference between the optimal dose and the X-ray
information.
[0089] In the current imaging operation, as in the previous imaging
operation, the imaging control apparatus 703 receives imaging
information (includes region information, X-ray information, and
sensor conditions) from the RIS 705 through the RIS communication
unit 813 or obtains the imaging information through an operation
manually performed by the user before the imaging operation starts.
The control unit 812 analyzes the received imaging information and
saves the region information, the X-ray information, the sensor
conditions, and the like for the imaging operation to the MWL
saving unit 818. Next, the control unit 812 checks the region
information used in the current imaging operation using the region
information comparison unit 822 (5903) and, if the current imaging
operation is an imaging operation performed for a test region (YES
in S904), such as calibration or a quality check (QC), ends the
process without warning the user of an inappropriate dose. On the
other hand, if the region information for the current imaging
operation does not indicate a test region (NO in S904), the control
unit 812 transmits the X-ray information saved in the MWL saving
unit 818 to the imaging dose estimation and measurement unit 820 to
estimate a dose used in the current imaging operation (S905). The
control unit 812 reads the estimated dose in the previous imaging
operation saved to the previous imaging information saving unit 821
in the previous imaging operation and compares the estimated dose
in the previous imaging operation with the estimated dose in the
current imaging operation obtained by the imaging dose estimation
and measurement unit 820 using the imaging dose comparison unit 823
(S906). If there is a significant difference between the estimated
doses (YES in S907), the control unit 812 displays, on the image
display unit 817, a message asking the user to check the imaging
dose and warns, using the imaging dose checking and warning unit
816, the user of an inappropriate imaging dose through a voice or
light (S908). The control unit 812 then ends the process.
Alternatively, the warning may be issued only through the message
or only through the voice or the light. On the other hand, if there
is no significant differences between the estimated doses (NO in
S907), the control unit 812 ends the process without issuing a
warning.
[0090] By repeating the above-described second process, an X-ray
imaging system can be realized that can issue a warning if there
can be a significant difference in the imaging dose between a
previous imaging operation and a current imaging operation. If the
current imaging operation is just a test, the X-ray imaging system
does not issue a warning even if there is a significant difference
in the imaging dose between the previous imaging operation and the
current imaging operation.
[0091] It is determined in the present embodiment whether to issue
a warning by making comparisons with the imaging information
regarding the current imaging operation using the region
information (S904) used in the previous imaging operation and the
dose (S907) estimated from the X-ray information used in the
previous imaging operation. Whether to issue a warning, however,
may be determined by making both comparisons or by making either
comparison.
[0092] In the above embodiment, a method for warning the user of an
inappropriate dose used when, in a digital X-ray imaging system
adopting the DR method in which the X-ray generation device 701 is
not connected to the imaging control apparatus 703, X-ray
information can be received from the RIS 705 as imaging information
has been described. Depending on an operation mode, however, the
imaging information received from the RIS 705 or obtained through
an operation manually performed by the user might not include X-ray
information. In a next embodiment, such a case will be described
with reference to FIGS. 7C, 8, and 10. FIG. 10 is a flowchart
illustrating a process performed when the digital X-ray imaging
system adopting the DR method illustrated in FIG. 7C in which the
X-ray generation device 701 and the imaging control apparatus 703
do not communicate with each other warns the user of an
inappropriate dose under a condition in which it is difficult to
receive X-ray information from the RIS 705 as imaging
information.
[0093] In an operation realized by the present configuration, it is
assumed that a common imaging dose for each imaging region is
obtained and saved in the region standard dose saving unit 819 of
the imaging control apparatus 703 in advance. First, in a first
imaging operation, the imaging control apparatus 703 receives
imaging information (includes region information and sensor
conditions but does not include X-ray information) from the RIS 705
through the RIS communication unit 813 or obtains the imaging
information through an operation manually performed by the user
before the imaging operation starts. The control unit 812 analyzes
the received imaging information and saves the region information,
the sensor conditions, and the like for the imaging operation to
the MWL saving unit 818. At this time, the information saved to the
MWL saving unit 818 may be only the region information. Next, the
control unit 812 transmits the received sensor conditions to the DR
sensor 704 through the sensor communication unit 815 to prepare for
the imaging operation. After the preparation is completed, the
control unit 812 notifies the user of the completion through the
image display unit 817. The user sets an optimal dose for the
imaging operation by operating the X-ray generation device 701 and
waits until the image display unit 817 indicates that the
preparation has been completed. After confirming that the
preparation has been completed, the user presses the X-ray
generation trigger switch included in the X-ray generation device
701 to start the X-ray imaging. The DR sensor 704 detects X-rays
and begins to accumulate an image. After completing the
accumulation, the DR sensor 704 transmits the captured image to the
imaging control apparatus 703. The sensor communication unit 815 of
the imaging control apparatus 703 performs image processing on the
image received from the DR sensor 704 and displays the image on the
image display unit 817. The control unit 812 saves the region
information used in the imaging operation to the previous imaging
information saving unit 821 (S1001). The control unit 812 then
analyzes, using the imaging dose estimation and measurement unit
820, the captured image and calculates a dose index such as an
exposure index (EI). The control unit 812 saves the dose index to
the previous imaging information saving unit 821 (S1002). The first
imaging operation thus ends.
[0094] Another imaging operation then follows. At a beginning of
this imaging operation, the dose set in the X-ray generation device
701 is estimated to be an optimal dose for the previous imaging
operation. The optimal dose refers to a dose adjusted by the user
on the basis of the region information received from the RIS 705.
The imaging dose is adjusted in accordance with the imaging region
or the state of the subject, and a reference dose for each region
relating to the imaging region is saved in the region standard dose
saving unit 819 in advance. The optimal dose is therefore not
necessarily the same as the reference dose obtained from region
information, but there should be no significant difference between
the optimal dose and the reference dose.
[0095] In the current imaging operation, as in the previous imaging
operation, the imaging control apparatus 703 receives imaging
information (includes region information and sensor conditions)
from the RIS 705 through the RIS communication unit 813 or obtains
the imaging information through an operation manually performed by
the user before the imaging operation starts. The control unit 812
analyzes the received imaging information and saves the region
information, the sensor conditions, and the like for the imaging
operation to the MWL saving unit 818. Next, the control unit 812
checks the region information used in the current imaging operation
using the region information comparison unit 822 (S1003) and, if
the current imaging operation is an imaging operation performed for
a test region (YES in S1004), such as calibration or a QC, ends the
process without warning the user of an inappropriate dose. On the
other hand, if the region information for the current imaging
operation does not indicate a test region (NO in S1004), the
control unit 812 refers to the region standard dose saving unit 819
on the basis of the region information saved in the MWL saving unit
818 to obtain a standard dose corresponding to the region in the
current imaging operation and refers to the region standard dose
saving unit 819 on the basis of the imaging region information in
the previous imaging operation saved in the previous imaging
information saving unit 821 to obtain a standard dose corresponding
to the region in the previous imaging operation (S1005). The
control unit 812 compares the standard dose in the previous imaging
operation with the standard dose in the current imaging operation
using the imaging dose comparison unit 823 (S1006). If there is a
significant difference between the estimated doses (YES in S1007),
the control unit 812 displays, on the image display unit 817, a
message asking the user to check the imaging dose and warns, using
the imaging dose checking and warning unit 816, the user of an
inappropriate imaging dose through a voice or light (S1010). The
control unit 812 then ends the process. Alternatively, the warning
may be issued only through the message or only through the voice or
the light. On the other hand, if there is no significant
differences between the estimated doses (NO in S1007), the control
unit 812 reads the dose index such as an EI obtained as a result of
the image analysis conducted in the previous imaging operation and
saved in the previous imaging information saving unit 821. The
control unit 812 then compares, using the imaging dose comparison
unit 823, the dose index in the previous imaging operation with the
standard dose in the current imaging operation (S1008). If there is
a significant difference between the doses (YES in S1009), the
control unit 812 displays, on the image display unit 817, a message
asking the user to check the imaging dose and warns, using the
imaging dose checking and warning unit 816, the user of an
inappropriate imaging dose through a voice or light (S1010). The
control unit 812 then ends the process. Alternatively, the warning
may be issued only through the message or only through the voice or
the light. On the other hand, if there is no significant
differences between the estimated doses (NO in S1009), the control
unit 812 ends the process without issuing a warning.
[0096] By repeating the above-described second process, an X-ray
imaging system can be realized that can issue a warning if there
can be a significant difference in the imaging dose between a
previous imaging operation and a current imaging operation. If the
current imaging operation is just a test, the X-ray imaging system
does not issue a warning even if there is a significant difference
in the imaging dose between the previous imaging operation and the
current imaging operation.
[0097] It is determined in the present embodiment whether to issue
a warning by making comparisons with the imaging information
regarding the current imaging operation using the region
information (S1004) used in the previous imaging operation, the
standard dose (S1007) estimated from the imaging region information
used in the previous imaging operation, and the dose index (S1009)
obtained by analyzing the image captured in the previous imaging
operation. Whether to issue a warning, however, may be determined
by making all the three comparisons or by making one of the
comparisons.
[0098] In the above embodiment, a method for warning the user of an
inappropriate dose used by a digital X-ray imaging system adopting
the DR method in which there is no communication with the X-ray
generation device 701 has been described. The same method may be
used by a digital X-ray imaging system adopting the CR method in
which there is no communication with the X-ray generation device
701. FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating the examination
information recognition apparatus 707 in the digital X-ray imaging
system adopting the CR method in which the X-ray generation device
701 and the examination information recognition apparatus 707 do
not communicate with each other as illustrated in FIG. 7D. In FIG.
11, description of the same components as those illustrated in FIG.
8 is omitted. The examination information recognition apparatus 707
includes an image reader communication unit 1134 that performs
communication for sharing RIS information with the image reader and
image processing unit 709, a warning display unit 1136 that
displays a warning if a dose might be inappropriate for a current
imaging operation, and an imaging dose estimation unit 1139 that
estimates a dose in an imaging operation from X-ray
information.
[0099] The above-described method illustrated in FIG. 9 can be
applied to the digital X-ray imaging system adopting the CR method
in which there is no communication with the X-ray generation device
701 illustrated in FIGS. 7D and 11 just by omitting the processing
relating to the communication with the DR sensor 704. The
above-described method illustrated in FIG. 10, too, can be applied
to the digital X-ray imaging system adopting the CR method in which
there is no communication with the X-ray generation device 701
illustrated in FIGS. 7D and 11, but, in this case, the processing
relating to the communication with the DR sensor 704 and the
processing in steps S1002, S1008, and S1009 are omitted. The reason
why the processing in steps S1002, S1008, and S1009 is omitted is
that, in the CR method, it is difficult to obtain a dose from a
captured image through an analysis unless the image reader and
image processing unit 709 digitizes the captured image.
[0100] FIG. 12A illustrates the configuration of a digital X-ray
imaging system adopting the DR method in which a DAP meter
(dosimeter) 1250 is used. FIG. 12B illustrates the configuration of
a digital X-ray imaging system adopting the CR method in which the
DAP meter 1250 is used. The DAP meter 1250 is a device that
measures a dose of generated X-rays. By connecting the DAP meter
1250 to the imaging control apparatus 703 or the examination
information recognition apparatus 707, the imaging control
apparatus 703 or the examination information recognition apparatus
707 can use an imaging dose measured by the DAP meter 1250. In the
cases of FIGS. 12A and 12B, in which the DAP meter 1250 is
connected, therefore, the same process as that illustrated in FIG.
10 can be performed by replacing a dose obtained in step S1002 by
analyzing a captured image with a dose input from the DAP meter
1250, regardless of whether the digital X-ray imaging system adopts
the DR method or the CR method. In this case, it is determined
whether to issue a warning by making comparisons with imaging
information regarding a current imaging operation using region
information (S1004) regarding a previous imaging operation, a
standard dose (S1007) estimated from imaging region information
used in the previous imaging operation, and the dose input from the
DAP meter 1250 in the previous imaging operation. Whether to issue
a warning, however, may be determined by making all the three
comparisons or by making one of the comparisons.
[0101] In the above embodiment, it is determined whether to issue a
warning after a dose in a previous imaging operation is obtained
from X-ray information, region information, a dose index measured
from a captured image, or dose information obtained from the DAP
meter 1250 and the dose in the previous image operation is compared
with a dose estimated from X-ray information or region information
in a current imaging operation received from the RIS 705. In the
following case, however, a warning is not issued.
[0102] The above-described warning function is not necessary for a
skilled user. A function of inhibiting the warning function by
turning off the warning function is therefore provided, unless an
unskilled user uses the warning function.
[0103] Because it is common to review the imaging conditions after
a failed imaging operation, an excessive warning is not necessary
even if there is a significant difference in the imaging dose
between the failed previous imaging operation and a current imaging
operation.
[0104] In the above embodiment, the imaging control apparatus 703
or the examination information recognition apparatus 707 saves
previous imaging conditions. If a combination of the X-ray
generation device 701 and the imaging control apparatus 703 or the
examination information recognition apparatus 707 remains the same,
a warning can be appropriately issued. If the combination changes,
however, it is difficult to issue an appropriate warning in the
above examples because region information, X-ray conditions, and a
measured dose in a previous imaging operation saved in the system
are no longer valid. Such a case can arise especially when two
X-ray generation apparatuses are installed in a studio for the
standing position and the reclining position but only one sensor is
used. In this case, it can be determined whether to use the X-ray
generation apparatus for the standing position or the X-ray
generation apparatus for the reclining position on the basis of
workspace information included in imaging information received from
the RIS 705. It can therefore be determined between the previous
imaging operation and the current imaging operation illustrated in
FIGS. 9 and 10 whether workspace has changed. If the workspace has
changed, a warning may be issued.
[0105] As described above, in an X-ray imaging system in which the
X-ray generation device 701 is not connected to the imaging control
apparatus 703 or the examination information recognition apparatus
707 or in an X-ray imaging system in which the X-ray generation
device 701 is connected to the imaging control apparatus 703 or the
examination information recognition apparatus 707 but there is no
communication between these apparatuses for some reason, the X-ray
generation device 701 or either the imaging control apparatus 703
or the examination information recognition apparatus 707 can store
imaging information or an imaging dose in a previous imaging
operation. After receiving imaging information in a current imaging
operation from the RIS 705, the X-ray generation device 701 or
either the imaging control apparatus 703 or the examination
information recognition apparatus 707 can compare the imaging
information or the imaging dose in the previous imaging operation
with the imaging information and an estimated imaging dose in the
current imaging operation to prepare for the current imaging
operation. If it is determined that the dose used in the previous
imaging operation and the dose used in the current imaging
operation can be significantly different from each other, a warning
is issued.
[0106] If it is estimated that the dose used in the previous
imaging operation and the dose used in the current imaging
operation are not significantly different from each other, or if it
is estimated that no problem arises even through there is a
significant difference between the doses, a warning is not
issued.
[0107] By issuing a warning if current imaging conditions are
significantly different from previous imaging conditions, the user
is warned of the difference and can avoid, for example, capturing
an image of a subject with an unexpectedly high dose.
[0108] In the X-ray generation unit 102, a single X-ray generation
control section might be provided for a plurality of X-ray sources.
In this case, there is virtually a plurality of X-ray generation
units 102.
[0109] As another embodiment, an example will be described in which
the technique described in the above embodiment is used for
evaluating a dose of radiation used in a second X-ray imaging
operation after the second X-ray imaging operation ends. In the
present embodiment, unlike in the above embodiments, the output
unit 1031 issues a warning after the second X-ray imaging
operation. In the present embodiment, a determination unit that
determines whether a dose used for obtaining an X-ray image has
been appropriate is provided. Like the first dose obtaining unit
1035 or the like, the determination unit is realized by, for
example, the CPU 201, the RAM 203, and the program 2041. The
determination unit determines that the dose has been excessive if,
for example, there are many pixels whose pixel values are equal to
or larger than a certain value in a subject region of an X-ray
image obtained as a result of an X-ray imaging operation.
Alternatively, the determination unit determines whether the dose
has been appropriate on the basis of a difference between standard
dose information associated with imaging information regarding the
X-ray imaging operation and actual dose information obtained by a
dosimeter or the like. If the determination unit determines that
the dose used for obtaining the X-ray image has been inappropriate,
the output control unit 1037 causes the output unit 1031 to issue a
warning indicating that the dose has been inappropriate. The user
of the system can therefore easily identify a cause of an
abnormality in the X-ray image and perform an appropriate imaging
operation. This embodiment is effective when, for example, an
appropriate dose or the standard dose information is not very
reliable or when it is not desirable to issue a warning before an
imaging operation.
[0110] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been
described, the present invention is not limited to these
embodiments and can be altered or modified in various ways without
deviating from the scope thereof.
[0111] In another embodiment of the present invention illustrated
in FIG. 13, a plurality of devices performs the process originally
performed by the imaging management apparatus 103. Components to
which the same names and the same reference numerals as those
mentioned above are given are the same as those according to the
above embodiments, and description thereof is omitted.
[0112] In the present embodiment, the functions of the first dose
obtaining unit 1035 and the second dose obtaining unit 1036 are
provided outside an imaging management apparatus 1301 and realized
by a server 1302 that communicates with a reception unit 1305 of
the imaging management apparatus 1301. The functions may be
realized, as in the above embodiments, by executing commands
included in a program stored in the server 1302 using a CPU and a
ROM of the server 1302. The reception unit 1305 receives
information regarding a dose in a first X-ray imaging operation and
an estimated dose in a second X-ray imaging operation calculated or
obtained by the server 1302. In this sense, the reception unit 1305
functions as the first dose obtaining unit 1035 and the second dose
obtaining unit 1036. Such a configuration is effective when the
imaging management apparatus 1301 is a mobile terminal or the like
whose throughput is low. In this case, the imaging management
apparatus 1301 may be integrated with an output unit 1303 having
the function of the output unit 1031 and an operation unit 1304
having the function of the operation unit 1032.
[0113] In an embodiment of the present invention, a software
program (a program corresponding to one of the flowcharts in the
drawings according to the above embodiments) for realizing the
functions according to one of the above embodiments is directly or
remotely supplied to a system or an apparatus, and a computer of
the system or the apparatus reads and executes program codes of the
supplied software program.
[0114] The program codes installed on the computer to realize the
functions and the processes in the present invention are therefore
also an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention
also includes a World Wide Web (WWW) server that allows a plurality
of users to download a program file for realizing the functions and
the processes according to one of the embodiments of the present
invention using computers. It is also possible to encode a program
according to one of the embodiments of the present invention,
distribute, to users, the program stored in a storage medium such
as a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), and allow users who
satisfy a certain condition to download key information for
decoding the program from a website on the Internet. The users can
realize the functions and the processes according to one of the
embodiments of the present invention by executing the program
decoded using the key information and installing the program on the
computers. In addition, the functions and the processes according
to one of the above embodiments can be realized not only when a
computer executes a read program but also when an operating system
(OS) operating on the computer executes part or the entirety of
actual processing on the basis of instructions from the
program.
[0115] By issuing warnings in the above-described manners, the user
can be warned of an inappropriate dose, and inappropriate radiation
can be suppressed.
[0116] While the present invention has been described with
reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the
invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments.
The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest
interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and
equivalent structures and functions.
[0117] This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent
Application No. 2014-206744, filed Oct. 7, 2014, which is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
* * * * *