U.S. patent application number 14/666584 was filed with the patent office on 2016-03-31 for apparatus & methods for mechanically coupling a sealing system around the opening to an underground borehole.
The applicant listed for this patent is NEWPARK MATS & INTEGRATED SERVICES LLC. Invention is credited to Randy Paul Bordelon, Aaron William Dugas, Kenneth Edward Durio, Richard Lamar Edwards, JR., James Kerwin McDowell.
Application Number | 20160090806 14/666584 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 55581714 |
Filed Date | 2016-03-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160090806 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dugas; Aaron William ; et
al. |
March 31, 2016 |
APPARATUS & METHODS FOR MECHANICALLY COUPLING A SEALING SYSTEM
AROUND THE OPENING TO AN UNDERGROUND BOREHOLE
Abstract
Apparatus useful for providing a liquid-tight seal around an
opening formed in the earth's surface includes a reusable
load-supporting surface having at least two sealingly
interconnected mats surrounding and spaced-away from the borehole
opening. At least one flexible, planar spanner is configured to
extend between the borehole wall and mats. At least one elongated
spanner support is used to mechanically couple one or more spanners
to the borehole wall. At least one elongated lip support is used to
mechanically couple one or more spanners to the mats.
Inventors: |
Dugas; Aaron William;
(Carencro, LA) ; Durio; Kenneth Edward;
(Arnaudville, LA) ; McDowell; James Kerwin;
(Lafayette, LA) ; Bordelon; Randy Paul;
(Opelousas, LA) ; Edwards, JR.; Richard Lamar;
(Lafayette, LA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
NEWPARK MATS & INTEGRATED SERVICES LLC |
The Woodlands |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
55581714 |
Appl. No.: |
14/666584 |
Filed: |
March 24, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14497429 |
Sep 26, 2014 |
|
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14666584 |
|
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62080499 |
Nov 17, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
166/379 ;
166/75.13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B 33/02 20130101;
E21B 33/03 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E21B 33/03 20060101
E21B033/03 |
Claims
1. Apparatus useful for providing a liquid-tight seal around an
opening formed in the earth's surface to the underground borehole
of a hydrocarbon exploration or production well without the need
for liners around or adjacent to the borehole, the borehole having
a wall formed of wood, cement, metal or other material extending
around its opening, the apparatus comprising: a reusable
load-supporting surface including at least two sealingly
interconnected mats constructed of impermeable plastic, said mats
being spaced away from and at least partially surrounding the
borehole opening; at least one flexible, planar spanner configured
to extend between the borehole wall and said mats; at least one
elongated spanner support configured to be positioned atop part of
at least one said spanner and mechanically couple said at least one
spanner to the borehole wall in forming a liquid tight seal
therebetween; and at least one elongated lip support configured to
be positioned atop or below part of at least one said spanner and
mechanically couple said at least one spanner to at least one said
mat in forming a liquid tight seal therebetween, wherein liquid
exiting the borehole through the borehole opening is prevented from
contacting the earth's surface around the borehole opening without
the need for liners around or adjacent to the borehole.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each said spanner is
constructed of poly-liner material, each said lip support is
constructed of thermoplastic material and each said spanner support
is constructed of metal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 further including at least one
platform-clamp unit configured to sealingly engage the borehole
wall, wherein said at least one spanner support is configured to
mechanically couple said at least one spanner to said
platform-clamp unit to form a liquid tight seal between said at
least one spanner and the borehole wall.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein each said platform-clamp unit
is constructed at least partially of angle iron.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein each said platform-clamp unit
includes a clamp configured to extend around the borehole wall, a
platform extending from said clamp away from the borehole and an
extension extending from said clamp toward the borehole.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein at least one said spanner is
configured to be coupled to said platform and said extension is
configured to extend at least partially over the top of the
borehole wall to assist in positioning said platform-clamp unit
relative to the borehole wall.
7. The apparatus of claim 3 further including at least one
elongated seal member sandwiched between each said platform-clamp
unit and the borehole wall.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 further including at least one
elongated spanner support seal configured to be sandwiched between
each said spanner support and at least one said spanner.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 further including at least one
elongated lip support seal configured to be sandwiched between each
said lip support and at least one said spanner.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 further including at least one
removable cover configured to rest atop and protect said at least
one spanner.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said removable cover includes
at least one rubber mat.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a plurality of
releasable locking pins, at least one said locking pin configured
to mechanically couple each said lip support to at least one said
spanner and at least one said mat.
13. Method of providing a liquid-tight seal around an opening
formed in the earth's surface to the underground borehole of a
hydrocarbon exploration or production well without the need for
liners around or adjacent to the borehole, the borehole having a
wall formed of wood, cement, metal or other material extending
around its opening, the method comprising: positioning at least two
sealingly interconnected mats of a reusable load-supporting surface
around, and spaced-apart from, the borehole opening; extending at
least one flexible, planar spanner between the borehole wall and at
least one mat; positioning at least one elongated spanner support
atop part of at least one spanner proximate to the borehole wall;
mechanically coupling each spanner support to its associated
spanner or spanners and the borehole wall to form a liquid tight
seal between the spanner and borehole wall; positioning at least
one elongated lip support atop or below part of at least one
spanner proximate to at least one mat; and mechanically coupling
each elongated lip support to the at least one spanner and mat
associated therewith to form a liquid tight seal between the
spanner and mat, wherein liquid exiting the borehole through the
borehole opening is prevented from contacting the earth's surface
around the borehole opening without the need for liners around or
adjacent to the borehole.
14. The method of claim 13 further including sealingly engaging at
least one platform-clamp unit to the borehole wall, wherein each
spanner support mechanically couples at least one spanner to at
least one platform-clamp unit to form a liquid tight seal between
the spanner and borehole wall.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein each platform-clamp unit
includes a clamp, a platform extending from the clamp away from the
borehole and an extension extending from the clamp toward the
borehole, further including the clamp extending around the borehole
wall, and the extension extending at least partially across the top
of the borehole wall to assist in positioning the platform-clamp
unit relative to the borehole wall, wherein the spanner is
mechanically coupled to the platform.
16. The method of claim 14 further including sandwiching at least
one elongated seal member between each platform-clamp unit and the
borehole wall.
17. The method of claim 13 further including sandwiching at least
one elongated spanner support seal between each spanner support and
at least one spanner.
18. The method of claim 17 further including sandwiching at least
one elongated lip support seal between each lip support and at
least one spanner.
19. The method of claim 13 further including positioning at least
one removable cover atop and each spanner.
20. The method of claim 13 wherein each mat includes an upper lip
extending along at least one edge thereof and a lower lip extending
along at least one edge thereof, wherein when the lower lip of a
mat is closest to the borehole opening, the elongated lip support
is positioned atop the associated spanner and lower lip of the
mat.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein when the upper lip of a mat is
closest to the borehole opening, the elongated lip support is
positioned below the associated spanner and upper lip of the mat.
Description
[0001] The present application is a continuation-in-part of and
claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/497,429,
filed Sep. 26, 2014 and entitled "Apparatus and Methods for Sealing
Around the Opening to an Underground Borehole", which claims
priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.
61/889,171, filed on Oct. 10, 2013 and entitled "Apparatus and
Methods for Sealing Around the Opening to an Underground Borehole",
both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their
entireties. The present application also claims priority to U.S.
provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/080,499, filed on Nov.
17, 2014 and entitled "Apparatus and Methods for Sealing Around the
Opening to an Underground Borehole", which is hereby incorporated
by reference herein in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present disclosure relates to sealing around the opening
to an underground borehole.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Underground boreholes are formed or used in various
industries, such as hydrocarbon exploration and production wells.
In the oilfield industry, for example, such wells are often formed
with a "cellar" located at its upper end. The cellar is a dug-out
area, or pit, at the top of the borehole which often has inner
earthen walls lined with wood, cement, pipe or other material. The
cellar is typically wider than the borehole and may provide
additional height between the rig floor and the well head. The
cellar may be useful, for example, to collect drainage water and
other liquids for disposal, accommodate the installation of and/or
provide access to one or more wellhead components, such as a casing
spool, casing head, BOP, or other purposes.
[0004] It is often desirable to provide a liquid-tight seal around
the opening to an underground borehole, such as to prevent the
liquids form spilling out of the borehole onto the earth or
subgrade terrain adjacent to the borehole. Sometimes, temporary or
semi-permanent support surfaces are used around the borehole site.
In instances where a support surface is located proximate to an
underground borehole, it may likewise be desirable to provide a
liquid-tight seal at the juncture of the support surface and the
underground borehole, such as to prevent the liquids disposed on
the support surface or within the borehole from contacting or
contaminating the earth adjacent to the borehole or beneath the
adjacent support surface.
[0005] Traditionally, a plastic liner is placed around the borehole
(and around or below adjacent mats when a support surface is used)
in an effort to capture liquids overflowing from the borehole (or
introduced onto the support surface) before such liquids encounter
the subgrade terrain. The use of liners may have one or more
disadvantages. In many instances, the liners are not reusable and
must often be discarded. This can be problematic because landfill
operators have expressed disinterest in accepting used liners on
the basis that they are bulky and require excessive landfill space,
or for other reasons. Thus, it can be difficult to find suitable,
cost-effective ways to dispose of the liners. For another example,
the plastic liners are sometimes ineffective at preventing liquid
leakage into the subgrade terrain or allowing effective clean-up,
which can cause other problems and require significant time and
effort. Thus, there is a need for improved apparatus, systems and
methods for preventing liquids from entering the earth adjacent to
an underground wellbore.
[0006] It should be understood that the above-described features,
capabilities and disadvantages are provided for illustrative
purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope or subject
matter of the appended claims or those of any related patent
application or patent. Thus, none of the appended claims or claims
of any related application or patent should be limited by the above
discussion or construed to address, include or exclude each or any
of the above-cited features, capabilities or disadvantages merely
because of the mention thereof herein.
[0007] Accordingly, there exists a need for improved systems,
articles and methods useful in connection with sealing around the
opening to an underground borehole having one or more of the
attributes or capabilities described or shown in, or as may be
apparent from, the various portions of this patent application.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0008] In some embodiments, the present disclosure involves
apparatus useful for providing a liquid-tight seal around an
opening formed in the earth's surface to the underground borehole
of a hydrocarbon exploration or production well without the need
for liners around or adjacent to the borehole. The borehole has a
wall formed of wood, cement, metal or other material extending
around its opening. The apparatus includes a reusable
load-supporting surface having at least two sealingly
interconnected mats constructed of impermeable plastic. The mats
are spaced away from and at least partially surround the borehole
opening. At least one flexible, planar spanner is configured to
extend between the borehole wall and the mats. At least one
elongated spanner support is configured to be positioned atop part
of at least one spanner and used to mechanically couple such
spanner(s) to the borehole wall in forming a liquid tight seal
therebetween. At least one elongated lip support is configured to
be positioned atop or below part of at least one spanner and used
to mechanically couple such spanner(s) to at least one of the mats
in forming a liquid tight seal therebetween. Liquid exiting the
borehole through the borehole opening is prevented from contacting
the earth's surface around the borehole opening without the need
for liners around or adjacent to the borehole.
[0009] In various embodiments, the present disclosure involves a
method of providing a liquid-tight seal around an opening formed in
the earth's surface to the underground borehole of a hydrocarbon
exploration or production well without the need for liners around
or adjacent to the borehole. The borehole includes a wall formed of
wood, cement, metal or other material extending around its opening.
At least two sealingly interconnected mats of a reusable
load-supporting surface are positioned around, and spaced-apart
from, the borehole opening. At least one flexible, planar spanner
is extended between the borehole wall and at least one mat. At
least one elongated spanner support is positioned atop part of at
least one spanner proximate to the borehole wall. Each spanner
support is mechanically and sealingly coupled to its associated
spanner(s) and the borehole wall to form a liquid tight seal
between the spanner and borehole wall. At least one elongated lip
support is positioned atop or below part of at least one spanner
proximate to at least one mat. Each lip support is mechanically and
sealingly coupled to tis associated spanner(s) and mat(s).
[0010] Accordingly, the present disclosure includes features and
advantages which are believed to enable it to advance technology
dealing with sealing around the opening to an underground borehole.
Characteristics and advantages of the present disclosure described
above and additional features and benefits will be readily apparent
to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following
detailed description of various embodiments and referring to the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The following figures are part of the present specification,
included to demonstrate certain aspects of various embodiments of
this disclosure and referenced in the detailed description
herein:
[0012] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary mat useful in a
load-supporting surface in accordance with an embodiment of the
present disclosure;
[0013] FIG. 2 is a top view of a portion of an exemplary
load-supporting surface useful in accordance with an embodiment of
the present disclosure;
[0014] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a borehole equipped with an
embodiment of a borehole edge seal system having an inside-clamp
arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 4A is a bottom view of an embodiment of an integrally
formed platform-clamp unit useful as part of an inside-clamp
arrangement of a borehole edge seal system in accordance with the
present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 4B is a top view of the platform-clamp unit of FIG.
4A;
[0017] FIG. 5 is a top view of a borehole equipped with another
embodiment of a borehole edge seal system having an inside-clamp
arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the borehole and
borehole edge seal system of FIG. 5 taken along lines 6-6;
[0019] FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a quarter section of an
embodiment of an integrally formed platform-clamp unit useful as
part of a borehole edge seal system in an inside-clamp arrangement
in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7B is a perspective view of an embodiment of an
integrally formed platform-clamp unit incorporating four of the
quarter sections shown in FIG. 7A;
[0021] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a borehole
edge seal system having an inside-clamp arrangement and including
an exemplary arrangement of rails in accordance with the present
disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a borehole equipped with an
embodiment of a borehole edge seal system having an outside-clamp
arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a borehole equipped with an
embodiment of a borehole edge seal system having an outside-clamp
arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a borehole equipped
with an embodiment of a borehole edge seal system having an
outside-clamp arrangement in accordance with the present
disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an
integrally formed platform-clamp unit useful as part of a borehole
edge seal system in an outside-clamp arrangement in accordance with
the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 13 is a perspective partial view of a borehole equipped
with an embodiment of a borehole edge seal system used in an
outside-clamp arrangement with a rectangular-shaped borehole in
accordance with the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
rectangular shaped platform-clamp unit useful in the exemplary
borehole edge seal system shown in FIG. 13;
[0028] FIG. 15A is a top view of an exemplary load-supporting
surface having another embodiment of a borehole edge seal system in
accordance with the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 15B is a partially exploded, partial cross-sectional
view of the exemplary load-supporting surface of FIG. 15A taken
along lines 15B-15B;
[0030] FIG. 15C is a perspective view of the exemplary
load-supporting surface shown in FIG. 15B;
[0031] FIG. 15D is an exploded view of portions D.sub.1 and D.sub.2
of the exemplary borehole edge seal system shown in FIG. 15B;
[0032] FIG. 16A is exploded, partial cross-sectional, assembly view
of components of portion D.sub.2 of the exemplary borehole edge
seal system shown in FIG. 15D;
[0033] FIG. 16B is a perspective view of components of the
exemplary borehole edge seal system shown in FIG. 16A;
[0034] FIG. 17A is an exploded, partial cross-sectional, assembly
view of components of portion D.sub.1 of the exemplary borehole
edge seal system shown in FIG. 15D;
[0035] FIG. 17B is a perspective view of the exemplary borehole
edge seal system shown in FIG. 17A;
[0036] FIG. 18 is a partial top view of the exemplary
load-supporting surface and borehole edge seal system of FIG.
15A;
[0037] FIG. 19A is an exploded, partial cross-sectional, assembly
view of the exemplary load-supporting surface and borehole edge
seal system of FIG. 18 taken along lines 19A-19A;
[0038] FIG. 19B is a perspective view of the exemplary
load-supporting surface and borehole edge seal system of FIG. 19A;
and
[0039] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
rectangular shaped platform-clamp unit useful in the exemplary
borehole edge seal system shown in FIG. 15A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0040] Characteristics and advantages of the present disclosure and
additional features and benefits will be readily apparent to those
skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed
description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and
referring to the accompanying figures. It should be understood that
the description herein and appended drawings, being of example
embodiments, are not intended to limit the claims of this patent
application or any patent or patent application claiming priority
hereto. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all
modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the
spirit and scope of this disclosure or any appended claims. Many
changes may be made to the particular embodiments and details
disclosed herein without departing from such spirit and scope.
[0041] In showing and describing preferred embodiments in the
appended figures, common or similar elements are referenced with
like or identical reference numerals or are apparent from the
figures and/or the description herein. The figures are not
necessarily to scale and certain features and certain views of the
figures may be shown exaggerated in scale or in schematic in the
interest of clarity and conciseness.
[0042] As used herein and throughout various portions (and
headings) of this patent application, the terms "invention",
"present invention" and variations thereof are not intended to mean
every possible embodiment encompassed by this disclosure or any
particular claim(s). Thus, the subject matter of each such
reference should not be considered as necessary for, or part of,
every embodiment hereof or of any particular claim(s) merely
because of such reference. The terms "coupled", "connected",
"engaged" and the like, and variations thereof, as used herein and
in the appended claims are intended to mean either an indirect or
direct connection or engagement. Thus, if a first device couples to
a second device, that connection may be through a direct
connection, or through an indirect connection via other devices and
connections.
[0043] Certain terms are used herein and in the appended claims to
refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will
appreciate, different persons may refer to a component by different
names. This document does not intend to distinguish between
components that differ in name but not function. Also, the terms
"including" and "comprising" are used herein and in the appended
claims in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to
mean "including, but not limited to . . . ." Further, reference
herein and in the appended claims to components and aspects in a
singular tense does not necessarily limit the present disclosure or
appended claims to only one such component or aspect, but should be
interpreted generally to mean one or more, as may be suitable and
desirable in each particular instance.
[0044] Referring initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, an exemplary
load-supporting surface 16 having at least one mat 26 deployed on
or near the ground 20 is shown. As used herein, the term "ground"
and variations thereof mean the earth's surface, and/or other one
or more other surfaces, structures or areas proximate to the
earth's surface. In the present embodiment, the load-supporting
surface 16 is reusable and capable of supporting the weight of
personnel, vehicles and/or equipment thereupon. The mats 26 may
have any suitable form, construction and configuration. Some
examples of mats 26 which may be used in various embodiments of the
present disclosure are shown and described in in U.S. Pat. No.
5,653,551 to Seaux, entitled "Mat System for Construction of
Roadways and Support Surfaces" and issued on Aug. 5, 1997, and U.S.
Pat. No. 6,511,257 to Seaux et al., entitled "Interlocking Mat
System for Construction of Load Supporting Surfaces" and issued on
Jan. 28, 2003, both of which have a common Assignee as the present
patent and the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by
reference herein in their entireties.
[0045] For example, each exemplary mat 26 may weight approximately
1,000 lbs., be designed to withstand 600 psi in pure crush pressure
placed thereupon, and reduce point-to-point ground pressure on the
ground 20 or other surface or area below it that is caused by
wheeled and tracked vehicles on the mat 26. In some embodiments,
the mats 26 may be 14'.times.8' DURA-BASE.RTM. mats currently sold
by the Assignee of this patent application. However, these example
features are not necessarily required for every embodiment.
[0046] If desired, the load supporting surface 16 may be used in
connection with any of the components and features described and
shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/790,916, filed on Mar.
8, 2013 and entitled "Liquid Containment System for Use with
Load-Supporting Surfaces", U.S. patent application Ser. No.
14/336,163, filed on Jul. 21, 2014 and entitled "Apparatus and
Methods for Providing Illuminated Signals from a Support Surface",
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/496,105, filed on Sep. 25, 2014
and entitled "Apparatus & Methods for Electrically Grounding a
Load-Supporting Surface" each of which has a common Assignee as the
present patent and the entire contents of which are hereby
incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
[0047] Still referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in the illustrated
embodiment, each mat 26 is flat, or planar, heavy duty, durable,
all-weather and constructed of impermeable material, such as
thermoplastic material. The exemplary mats 26 are reusable and
interlock together to form the load-supporting surface 16.
[0048] The illustrated mat 26 has a rectangular shape with an
opposing pair of short sides 28, 30, an opposing pair of long sides
37, 38, and an edge 44 extending along each side 28, 30, 37 and 38.
In this particular example, the first short side 28 and first long
side 37 each have an upper lip 46 extending horizontally outwardly
therefrom, forming the edge 44 and which will be spaced above the
ground 20 or other surface. The second short side 30 and second
long side 38 each have a lower lip 54 extending horizontally
outwardly therefrom below the edge 44 thereof and which will rest
on the ground 20 or other surface. The upper and lower lips 46, 54
may have any suitable size, shape, configuration and length. It
should be understood, however, that the borehole edge seal system
110 of the present disclosure is not limited to use with the
above-described embodiments of mats 26. For example, other
embodiments of the borehole edge seal system 110 may be used in
connection with mats 26 not having upper and/or lower lips 46,
54.
[0049] In this embodiment, the respective upper and lower lips 46,
54 of different mats 26 are interconnectable with locking pins 34
(e.g. FIGS. 2 & 10) releasably securable through corresponding
locking pin holes 32 formed therein. The locking pin holes 32 and
locking pins 34 may have any suitable form, construction and
configuration. The illustrated mats 26 include a plurality of
locking pin holes 32, each configured to accept a releasable
locking pin 34 (e.g. FIG. 2) therethrough. Each illustrated mat 26
may include a total of sixteen locking pin holes 34, eight formed
in each of the upper and lower lips 46, 54. In some embodiments,
the locking pins 34 may form a liquid-tight seal around, or in, the
locking pin holes 32 within which they are engaged. Some examples
of locking pins 34 which may be used in various embodiments of the
present disclosure are shown and described in U.S. Pat. No.
6,722,831 to Rogers et al, entitled "Fastening Device" and issued
on Apr. 20, 2004 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/780,350,
entitled "Apparatus and Methods for Connecting Mats" and filed on
Feb. 28, 2013, both of which have a common Assignee as the present
patent and the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by
reference herein in their entireties.
[0050] In the illustrated example, the locking pin holes 32 of the
mats 26 have an oval-shape to accept an oval-shaped enlarged head
36 (e.g. FIG. 2) of the illustrated locking pins 34. It should be
noted, however, that the present disclosure is not limited to use
with the above-described or referenced types and configurations of
load-supporting surfaces 16, mats 26, locking pins 34 and locking
pin holes 32, or to the disclosures of the above-referenced patents
and patent applications. Any suitable load-supporting surfaces 16,
mats 26, locking pins 34 and locking pin holes 32 may be used.
[0051] Still referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, a gap
22 may be formed between adjacent edges 44 of adjacent
interconnected mats 26 in the load-supporting surface 16 and one or
more seal members 10 may be included therein. For example, the seal
member(s) 10 may provide a liquid-tight seal in the gap 22 between
adjacent mats 26 to prevent liquid introduced onto the
load-supporting surface 16 from seeping or flowing between and
below the load-supporting surface 16. Some embodiments of seal
members that may be used in the gaps 22 are disclosed in U. S.
patent application Ser. No. 13/803,580, filed on Mar. 14, 2013 and
entitled "Apparatus and Methods for Sealing Between Adjacent
Components of a Load-Supporting Surface", U. S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 62/013,899, filed on Jun. 18, 2014 and
entitled "Load-Supporting Surface with Interconnecting Components
and Top Side Seal Assembly for Sealing Therebetween and Methods of
Assembly and Use Thereof", U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.
No. 62/011,805, filed on Jun. 13, 2014 and entitled
"Load-Supporting Surface with Interconnecting Components and
Frame-Style Seal Assembly for Sealing Therebetween and Methods of
Assembly and Use Thereof", and U.S. Provisional Patent Application
Ser. No. 62/116,989, filed on Feb. 17, 2015 and entitled
"Load-Supporting Surface with Interconnecting Components and
Frame-Style Seal Assembly for Sealing Therebetween and Methods of
Assembly and Use Thereof", all of which have a common Assignee as
the present patent and the entire contents of which are hereby
incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
[0052] The seal member(s) 10 may also or instead be used between
one or more mats 26 and one or more other components associated
with the load-supporting surface 16, and/or between the other
components themselves. Some examples of such additional components
that may be useful in connection with load-supporting surfaces 16,
such as berm members, spacers, drive-over barriers, liquid drain
assemblies, etc., are shown and disclosed in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/790,916, entitled "Liquid Containment
System for Use With Load-Supporting Surfaces" and filed on Mar. 8,
2013.
[0053] Referring now to FIG. 3, an embodiment of a borehole edge
seal system 110 is shown used in connection with a load-supporting
surface 16 around an underground borehole 120 in accordance with
the present disclosure. This particular borehole 120 is a
hydrocarbon well 124 with a wide section, or cellar, 125 at its
upper end. The exemplary borehole 120 has an opening 130 thereto
that is accessible from the ground (not shown). However, the
borehole edge seal system 110 of the present disclosure is not
limited to use with hydrocarbon wells, but may be used with any
underground hole accessible from the ground. Thus, as used herein,
the terms "borehole" and variations thereof mean any hole or
orifice in the earth that is accessible from an opening in the
surface of the earth or other area or structure.
[0054] This particular borehole 120 (e.g. well 124 with cellar 125)
includes a wellhead 128 accessible through the cellar 125 and a
wall 126 extending around the cellar 125. In this instance, the
wall 126 is metallic and extends up to the earth's surface (not
shown), but may be constructed of any other material (e.g. wood,
plastic, etc.) and may extend above or below the earth's surface.
Further, these components may not be included in the borehole 120.
The illustrated borehole 120, opening 130 and wall 126 have a
circular outer shape, but instead may be rectangular (see e.g. FIG.
13) or have any other shape. Thus, the shapes of the perimeter of
the borehole 120, opening 130 and wall 126 are not limiting upon
the present disclosure.
[0055] The borehole edge seal system 110 may have any suitable
form, configuration and operation as long as it assists in
providing a liquid-tight seal around the opening 130. As used
herein, the terms "liquid-tight seal", "sealing engagement",
"sealingly coupling" and variations thereof are synonymous and
means at least substantially preventing the passage of liquid
thereby. A "liquid tight seal" around the opening 130, for example,
means assisting in preventing the passage of liquid from inside the
borehole 120 through its opening 130 to the earth around and/or
adjacent to the opening 130. The exemplary system 110 thus assists
in preventing liquid inside the borehole 120 from exiting the
borehole 120 through the opening 130 and contacting the area (e.g.
ground) adjacent to or surrounding the opening 130. In some
embodiments, a complete fluid tight seal may be provided. However,
as used herein, a "liquid-tight seal" between components or
"sealingly engaged" or "sealingly coupled" components, and
variations thereof, may not necessarily always be 100%
liquid-tight, but may include some allowance for minimal leaking as
can be expected or tolerated depending upon each particular
application.
[0056] Still referring to FIG. 3, the illustrated system 110
includes a clamp 140 and a platform 150. The platform 150 assists
in sealing around the opening 130, while the clamp 140 holds the
platform 150 in place. The clamp 140 and platform 150 may have any
suitable form, configuration and operation. In this embodiment, the
clamp 140 is metallic and includes two curve-shaped clamp sections,
or portions 142. At each end, each exemplary clamp section 142
includes a connection bracket 144 protruding inwardly
therefrom.
[0057] The illustrated clamp sections 142 are adjustably engageable
at each end at the adjacent brackets 144 with at least one
connector 146, such as a bolt. When connected, the clamp sections
142 form a ring that fits within the opening 130 of the borehole
120. In other embodiments, the clamp 140 may be a single adjustable
ring (not shown) or have any other suitable configuration and
composition.
[0058] Still referring to FIG. 3, the illustrated platform 150 is
plastic, and includes a ring-shaped collar portion 154 and a body
portion 156. In this particular instance, the platform 150 includes
two platform sections 158, but could instead be a single component
or have any other number of platform sections 158. In this
particular embodiment, the platform 150 is configured to extend
over the edge of the opening 130 and across the surface of the
earth or other area or structure adjacent to the opening 130.
[0059] In use of the illustrated system 110, the platform 150 is
placed over the borehole 120 so that its collar 154 extends into
the borehole opening 130. If the platform 150 has multiple sections
158, they are appropriately positioned over the opening 130. If
desired, the sections 158 may be connected or sealed together. For
example, the platform sections 158 may be welded together, such as
with a thermoplastic sealant material 160, at the seams, or
overlaps, 164 formed therebetween to assist in providing a
liquid-tight seal.
[0060] If desired, one or more seals, such as a closed-cell
neoprene foam rubber seal or elastomeric seal ring, (not shown) may
be sandwiched between the collar 154 of the platform 150 and the
borehole wall 126. The exemplary clamp 140 is then inserted into
the borehole 120 and positioned over the collar 154. The
illustrated clamp 140 is tightened against the collar 154, seal(s)
(if included) and borehole wall 126. In this embodiment, two sets
of connectors 146, such as bolts, are inserted through the
corresponding inwardly-protruding connection brackets 144 of the
adjacent clamp sections 142 and tightened sufficiently to secure
the system 110 to the borehole wall 126. This is an example of an
"inside-clamp" arrangement, where the clamp 140 engages the inside
of the borehole wall 126. As will be described below, other
embodiments are referred to as "outside-clamp" arrangements, where
the clamp 140 engages the outside of the borehole wall 126.
[0061] Still referring to FIG. 3, when the borehole edge seal
system 110 is used in connection with a load-supporting surface 16,
the body 156 of the platform 150 may be connected to adjacent mats
26 or other components. For example, the platform 150 may be
sealingly engaged with adjacent mats 26. In this embodiment, the
outer edges 168 of the platform 150 are welded to adjacent mats 26
using the thermoplastic sealant material 160.
[0062] Now referring to FIGS. 4A & 4B, in some embodiments, the
borehole edge seal system 110 may include a clamp 140 and platform
150 that are connected together, or integrally formed. For example,
the clamp 140 and platform 150 may be integrally formed of metallic
material, such as steel, into a unitary platform-clamp unit 170. In
this embodiment, the platform 150 does not have a separate collar,
and the platform-clamp unit 170 includes two sections 172 that are
engageable similarly as the clamp sections 142 and platform
sections 158 described with respect to FIG. 3 above. However, the
platform-clamp unit 170 may instead be a single component or
include any other number of sections 172. For example, the
platform-clamp unit 170 of FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8 includes four
similarly interconnectable sections 172.
[0063] Now referring to FIGS. 5 & 6, the borehole edge seal
system 110 of FIG. 4A is shown in use with a load-supporting
surface 16 around a borehole 120. Referring specifically to FIG. 6,
the exemplary platform-clamp unit 170 is placed in the borehole 120
so that the clamp 140 extends around the inside of the opening 130
of the borehole 120. If desired, a seal ring 134, such as a
closed-cell neoprene foam rubber or elastomeric seal, may be
sandwiched between the clamp 140 and borehole wall 126 to assist in
providing a liquid-tight seal. In this example, the body 156 of the
platform 150 rests on the ground 20. However, there may instead be
an intermediated component, ground covering or space between the
platform body 156 and the ground 20.
[0064] In this particular embodiment, a frame 178 is connected to
the top of the platform body 156 around the entire perimeter of the
platform-clamp unit 170. The frame 178 may have any suitable form,
configuration and operation. The illustrated frame 178 is plastic
and connected to the platform 150 with two rows of connectors 182,
such as bolts. If desired, at least one seal, such as a closed-cell
neoprene foam rubber gasket (not shown), may be sandwiched between
the frame 178 and platform 150. However, the frame 178, if
included, may be constructed of any other suitable material and
connected to the platform 150 in any other suitable manner.
[0065] Still referring to FIG. 6, the system 110 may be engaged
with the adjacent mats 26 or other components of the
load-supporting surface 16. In this example, plastic sheeting 190
extends from the frame 178 to the adjacent mats 26. One example of
presently commercially available plastic sheeting is Site Saver
Flat Sheet manufactured by Penda Corporation and distributed by HMI
Materials, Inc. The plastic sheeting 190 may be sealingly engaged
with the frame 178 and mats 26, such as by welding with a
thermoplastic sealant material 160. If the plastic sheeting 190 has
multiple sections, the seams 192 (FIG. 5) formed therebetween may
also be sealed, such as with the thermoplastic sealant material
160. However, any other material(s) or component(s) may be used to
sealingly engage the frame 178 to the adjacent mats 26 or other
components. For example, one or more bolting strips (not shown) may
extend from the frame 178 to the adjacent mats 26 and form a liquid
seal therewith and therebetween, similarly as described above with
respect to the plastic sheeting 190. The bolting strip may be
constructed of any suitable material, such as plastic or metal, and
may be engaged with the frame 178 and adjacent mats 26 in any
suitable manner, such as with mechanical fasteners (e.g. bolts).
One or more suitable sealants (silicone glue) or sealing materials
(e.g. plastic sheeting) may be used between the bolting strip and
the frame 178, mats 26, and/or over or around the mechanical
fasteners.
[0066] Referring to FIG. 8, if desired, an arrangement of rails 196
may be provided around the borehole edge seal system 110 and
borehole 120, such as to limit access thereto and/or for safety. As
shown in FIG. 13, a metal grating 198 may be also or instead be
emplaced over the borehole 120, such as to limit access thereto
and/or for safety. However, the present disclosure does not require
either of these features.
[0067] Now referring to FIGS. 9-12, an embodiment of the borehole
edge seal system 110 is shown used with a borehole 120 having a
wall 126 that extends above the ground 20. The illustrated clamp
140 and platform 150 are integrally formed of metallic material,
such as steel, into a unitary platform-clamp unit 170. In this
embodiment, the platform-clamp unit 170 includes two sections 172
(FIG. 12) that are engageable similarly as the clamp sections 142
and platform portions, or sections, 158 described with respect to
FIG. 3 above. However, in this embodiment, the connection brackets
144 of the clamp 140 are on the outside of the clamp 140 so the
clamp 140 can be tightened around the outside of the borehole wall
126. This is an example of an "outside-clamp" arrangement, where
the clamp 140 engages the outside of the borehole wall 126. As in
the other embodiments, the platform-clamp unit 170 may instead be a
single component or include any other number of sections 172.
[0068] Referring specifically to FIG. 11, the exemplary
platform-clamp unit 170 is placed around the upwardly protruding
portion 132 of the borehole wall 126 so that the clamp 140 extends
around the outside of the opening 130. If desired, at least one
seal, such as a closed-cell neoprene foam rubber or elastomeric
seal ring 134, may be sandwiched between the clamp 140 and borehole
wall 126 to assist in providing a liquid-tight seal. In this
example, the body 156 of the platform 150 is shown spaced upwardly
off of the ground 20. However, there may instead be an
intermediated component or ground covering between the platform
body 156 and the ground 20.
[0069] Still referring to FIG. 11, in this embodiment, a frame 178
is connected to the top of the platform body 156 around the entire
perimeter of the platform-clamp unit 170. The frame 178 may have
any suitable form, configuration and operation. The illustrated
frame 178 is plastic and connected to the platform 150 with two
rows of connectors 182, such as bolts. In this example, the frame
178 has two frame sections 180 (e.g. FIG. 9) and a pair of
removable bracket covers 184 (e.g. FIG. 10) positionable
therebetween. The illustrated bracket covers 184 allow access to
the connection brackets 144 of the clamp 140. If desired, at least
one seal, such as a closed-cell neoprene foam rubber gasket 186 may
be sandwiched between the frame 178 and platform 150. However, the
frame 178, if included, may be constructed of any other suitable
material and connected to the platform 150 in any other suitable
manner.
[0070] Still referring to FIG. 11, the illustrated system 110 may
be engaged with the adjacent mats 26 or other components of the
load-supporting surface 16. In this example, plastic sheeting 190
extends from the frame 178 to the adjacent mats 26. The plastic
sheeting 190 may, if desired, be sealingly engaged with the frame
178 and mats 26, such as by welding with a thermoplastic sealant
material 160. If the plastic sheeting 190 has multiple sections,
the seams (not shown) formed therebetween may also be sealed, such
as with the thermoplastic sealant material 160. However, any other
material(s) or component(s) may be used to sealingly engage the
frame 178 to the adjacent mats 26 or other components.
[0071] Now referring to FIGS. 13 & 14, an embodiment of the
borehole edge seal system 110 useful with a rectangular shaped
borehole 120 is shown. The exemplary borehole 120 has a wall (not
shown) that extends above the ground 20. The illustrated clamp 140
and platform 150 are integrally formed of metallic material, such
as steel, into a unitary platform-clamp unit 170. In this
embodiment, the platform-clamp unit 170 includes four sections 172
that are engageable similarly as the sections 172 described with
respect to FIGS. 9-11 above. As shown, the illustrated connection
brackets 144 of the clamp 140 are on the outside of the clamp 140
so the clamp 140 can be tightened around the outside of the
borehole wall (not shown). As in the other embodiments, the
platform-clamp unit 170 may instead be a single component or
include any other number of sections 172.
[0072] In this embodiment, one or more seals (not shown) may be
placed between the clamp 130 and the borehole wall (not shown). The
seal may have any suitable form, configuration and operation. In
this example, the seal is a band of a closed-cell neoprene foam
rubber extended around the perimeter of the rectangular borehole
wall (not shown). This embodiment also includes an optional metal
grating 198 placed over the borehole 120, such as to limit access
thereto and/or for safety. Otherwise, the features, assembly and
operation of the platform-clamp unit 170 of this embodiment are
similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 9-12.
[0073] FIGS. 15A-20 illustrate another embodiment of a borehole
edge seal system 110 in accordance with the present disclosure.
Other than as may differ in the following description or as may be
evident from FIGS. 15A-20, all of the features of the previously
described and illustrated embodiments and all of the above details
are similarly applicable to these embodiments.
[0074] Referring to FIGS. 15B and 16A, the illustrated borehole
edge seal system 110 is an outside-clamp arrangement, where the
clamp 140 engages the outside of the borehole wall 126 (similarly
as previously described). Further, the clamp 140 of this embodiment
is part of a platform-clamp unit 170. The platform-clamp unit 170
may have any suitable form, configuration and operation. In this
example, the platform-clamp unit 170 includes the clamp 140, a
platform 150 and an extension 162. As shown, the illustrated
extension 162 extends from the clamp 140 in the opposite direction
as the platform 150. This may be useful for any suitable purpose.
For example, in some applications, the extension 162 may extend at
least partially across the top of the borehole wall 126 to assist
in positioning or seating the platform-clamp unit 170 on, or
relative to, the wall 126. In some embodiments, the clamp 140 and
platform 150 may be formed of angle iron, and the extension 162 may
be a flat metallic panel welded thereto.
[0075] Similarly as previously described, the platform-clamp unit
170 is placed around the upwardly protruding portion 132 of the
borehole wall 126 so that the clamp 140 extends around the outside
of the opening 130. As shown in FIG. 20, the exemplary the
platform-clamp unit 170 includes four right-angled platform-clamp
sections 172 that are useful similarly as the sections 172
described with respect to FIGS. 13-14 above. As shown, the
illustrated connection brackets 144 of the clamp 140 are on the
outside of the clamp 140 so the clamp 140 can be tightened around
the outside of the borehole wall (not shown). However, in other
embodiments, the principals and components of the illustrated
system 110 are likewise useful in an inside-clamp arrangement
(similarly as previously described).
[0076] Referring specifically to FIGS. 15A-D, the exemplary
borehole edge seal system 110 is shown engaged with a
rectangular-shaped borehole wall 126 that extends around the
borehole 120. However, the principals and components of the
illustrated system 110 may likewise be used with a circular, or
other, shaped borehole 120 (similarly as previously described).
[0077] The illustrated system 110 in shown used with a
load-supporting surface 16 that may be part of a liquid containment
system 210, such as the exemplary liquid containment systems
described and shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/790,916,
filed Mar. 8, 2013 and entitled "Liquid Containment System for Use
with Load-Supporting Surfaces". The illustrated liquid containment
system 210 includes, for example, berm members 212 and drive over
barriers 214 (see e.g. berm members 80 and drive-over barriers 140
described and shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
13/790,916). However, the system 110 is not limited to such
application and can be used in connection with any other suitable
components.
[0078] Referring to FIGS. 16A & 16B, the illustrated system 110
includes at least one exemplary spanner 188 positioned atop and
engaged with the platform 150 and extending therefrom away from the
borehole wall 126 and borehole 120. The spanner 188 may have any
suitable form, configuration and operation. For example, the
illustrated spanner 188 is planar and is sealingly engaged between
the borehole wall 126 and one or more mats 26 (e.g. FIG. 15D)
surrounding the borehole 120. In some embodiments, multiple
spanners 188 may be used around the borehole 120.
[0079] In this particular embodiment, the spanner 188 is
constructed flexible (non-rigid) poly-liner material that is
mechanically coupled at one or more of its ends to the platform
150. A presently commercially available example of flexible
poly-liner material that may be used for the spanner 188 for some
applications is relatively thin (e.g. 60 mil) SOLMAX 460ST-2000
HDPE Geomembranel. For example, an elongated spanner support 193
may be placed over part of the spanner 188 and used to selectively,
releasably, mechanically couple the spanner 188 to the platform 150
in forming a liquid tight seal between the spanner 188 and platform
150. As used herein, the term "elongated" and variations thereof
means having a length that is greater than its width and thickness.
In this embodiment, the spanner support 193 is coupled to the
spanner 188 and platform 150 with one or more bolts 195 and nuts
191 (or other suitable connectors) extending through respective
aligned component holes 197. This embodiment thus does not require
on-site thermoplastic welding of components, such as may be
necessary with the use of previously described thermoplastic
sealant material 160 (e.g. FIGS. 6 & 11).
[0080] The spanner support 193 may have any suitable form,
configuration and operation. In this embodiment, the exemplary
spanner support 193 is a rigid, metallic panel. In other
embodiments, the spanner support 193 may instead be constructed of
plastic or other material, be flexible, or a combination
thereof.
[0081] Referring back to FIGS. 16A and 16B, if desired, one or more
sealants or sealing members may be used to assist in providing a
liquid-tight seal along the intersection of the borehole edge seal
system 110 and the borehole wall 126. For example, one or more
elongated spanner support seals 194 (e.g. neoprene rubber) may be
sandwiched between the spanner support 193 and the spanner 188 to
assist in providing a liquid-tight seal at that intersection. For
another example, one or more elongated seal members 133, such as a
closed-cell neoprene foam rubber or elastomeric seal ring 134, may
be sandwiched between the clamp 140 and borehole wall 126 to assist
in providing a liquid-tight seal at that intersection. In this
embodiment, the seal member 133 is compressed, or squeezed, between
the clamp 140 and borehole wall 126.
[0082] Now referring to FIGS. 17A & 17B, the exemplary spanner
188 extends at one or more ends to, and engages, one or more of the
mats 26 surrounding the borehole 120 (e.g. FIG. 15A). The
spanner(s) 188 may engage the adjacent mat(s) 26 in any suitable
manner. For example, the spanner 188 may be mechanically coupled to
the adjacent mats 26.
[0083] In the present embodiment, the exemplary borehole edge seal
system 110 (FIG. 18) is shown positioned between the upper lips 28,
37 of adjacent mats 26 on its right and bottom sides, and the lower
lips 30, 38 of adjacent mats 26 on its left and top sides in the
load-supporting surface 16. In FIGS. 17A & 17B, the spanner 188
is shown engaging the lower lip 54 of an adjacent mat 26. For
example, an elongated lip support 199 may be positioned atop part
of the spanner 188 and used to selectively, releasably,
mechanically couple the spanner 188 to the lower lip 54 of the mat
26 in forming a liquid tight seal between the spanner 188 and the
lower lip 54. The exemplary lip support 199 thus fills in at least
part of the space created by the lower lip 54. In FIGS. 19A &
19B, the exemplary lip support 199 is shown coupling the spanner
188 to the upper lip 46 of an adjacent mat 26. In this example, the
lip support 199 is positioned below the spanner 188 and upper lip
46. The exemplary spanner 188 thus fills in at least part of the
space created by the upper lip 46.
[0084] The lip support 199 may have any suitable form,
configuration and operation. For example, the lip support 199 may
be constructed of the same thermoplastic material as the mat 26. In
some embodiments, multiple different-sized lip supports 199 may be
used (e.g. 7' long.times.12'' wide and 13' long.times.12'' wide) at
different locations. If desired, one or more sealants or sealing
members may be used to assist in providing a liquid-tight seal
along the intersection of the spanner 188 and mat 26. For example,
one or more elongated lip support seals 200 (e.g. closed-cell foam
neoprene) may be sandwiched between the lip support 199 and the
spanner 188.
[0085] Any suitable mechanism may be used to mechanically couple
the lip support 199 to the adjacent components. In this embodiment,
at least one locking pin 34 extends through aligned locking pin
holes 32 formed in the lip support 199, the spanner 188, lip
support seal 200 and mat(s) 26.
[0086] In some embodiments, one or more covers 202 (e.g. FIGS.
15A-C) may be placed atop the spanner 188 between the mats 26 that
surround the borehole edge seal system 110 and borehole 120. This
may be useful in some embodiments, for example, to protect the
spanner 188 from damage. The cover 202 may have any suitable form,
configuration and operation. In this embodiment, the cover 202
includes one or more protective rubber mats 203 that lie atop,
extend across and cover the entire spanner 188 (or multiple
spanners 188). For example, the rubber mats 203 may be formed in
4'.times.6' sheets and interconnect with one another in any
suitable manner.
[0087] In accordance with all of the above embodiments of the
present disclosure, if the borehole 120 overflows with liquid(s)
and/or solids, the borehole edge seal system 110 and related
components will, in some applications prevent, or otherwise assist
in preventing such liquid(s) and/or solids from at least
substantially contacting or contaminating the earth's surface (or
other surface or area) adjacent to the borehole 120. Further, in at
least some embodiments, this may be accomplished without the need
for any liners below or adjacent to the system 110 and/or
load-supporting surface 16. It should be noted that, in all of the
above embodiments, one or more sealants may be used at any
intersection of components and/or one or more seals placed between
components, such as to assist in providing a liquid-tight seal
around the opening 130 to the borehole 120. Any suitable sealant,
such as silicone glue, may be used.
[0088] If desired, the borehole edge seal system 110 may be part of
a spill management system to prevent liquid leakage from one or
more permanent, semi-permanent or temporary load-supporting
surfaces 16 and facilitate clean-up or disposal of such liquid. For
example, the system 110 may be used in conjunction with technology
shown and disclosed in any combination of the aforementioned
patents and patent applications, such as to provide a
self-contained liquid barrier system around and across the
load-supporting surface 16 without the need for any liners below or
adjacent to the load-supporting surface 16.
[0089] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure thus offer
advantages over the prior art and are well adapted to carry out one
or more of the objects of this disclosure. However, the present
invention does not require each of the components and acts
described above and is in no way limited to the above-described
embodiments or methods of operation. Any one or more of the above
components, features and processes may be employed in any suitable
configuration without inclusion of other such components, features
and processes. Moreover, the present invention includes additional
features, capabilities, functions, methods, uses and applications
that have not been specifically addressed herein but are, or will
become, apparent from the description herein, the appended drawings
and claims.
[0090] The methods that may be described above or claimed herein
and any other methods which may fall within the scope of the
appended claims can be performed in any desired suitable order and
are not necessarily limited to any sequence described herein or as
may be listed in the appended claims. Further, the methods of the
present invention do not necessarily require use of the particular
embodiments shown and described herein, but are equally applicable
with any other suitable structure, form and configuration of
components.
[0091] While exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown
and described, many variations, modifications and/or changes of the
system, apparatus and methods of the present invention, such as in
the components, details of construction and operation, arrangement
of parts and/or methods of use, are possible, contemplated by the
patent applicant(s), within the scope of any appended claims, and
may be made and used by one of ordinary skill in the art without
departing from the spirit or teachings of the invention and scope
of this disclosure and any appended claims. Thus, all matter herein
set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings should be
interpreted as illustrative, and the scope of the disclosure and
any appended claims should not be limited to the embodiments
described and shown herein.
* * * * *