U.S. patent application number 14/821168 was filed with the patent office on 2016-03-10 for pile hammer.
This patent application is currently assigned to DELMAG GmbH & Co. KG. The applicant listed for this patent is DELMAG GmbH & Co. KG. Invention is credited to Matthias HEICHEL, Nikodemus HEINZ.
Application Number | 20160069037 14/821168 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51492896 |
Filed Date | 2016-03-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160069037 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
HEICHEL; Matthias ; et
al. |
March 10, 2016 |
PILE HAMMER
Abstract
A pile hammer includes a cylinder, a piston displaceably guided
in the cylinder, a striker displaceably guided in the cylinder and
disposed underneath the piston in the operating position of the
pile hammer, a combustion chamber delimited axially by a face
surface of the striker that lies in the interior of the cylinder
and by a face surface of the piston, as well as a disengagement
apparatus by way of which the piston can be moved in the cylinder,
into an upper position, wherein the disengagement apparatus
includes a carriage, which is connected with at least one cable, by
way of which the carriage is guided to be displaceable on the
outside, along the cylinder, wherein a stop that projects outward
is disposed on the cylinder and a buffer part is disposed on the
carriage, with which part the carriage lies against the stop in an
upper end position.
Inventors: |
HEICHEL; Matthias;
(Aschaffenburg, DE) ; HEINZ; Nikodemus;
(Albershausen, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DELMAG GmbH & Co. KG |
Niedernberg |
|
DE |
|
|
Assignee: |
DELMAG GmbH & Co. KG
Niedernberg
DE
|
Family ID: |
51492896 |
Appl. No.: |
14/821168 |
Filed: |
August 7, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
173/81 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D 7/125 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E02D 7/12 20060101
E02D007/12 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 10, 2014 |
EP |
14184318.5 |
Claims
1. A pile hammer comprising: (a) a cylinder having an interior; (b)
a stop disposed on the cylinder and projecting outward from the
cylinder; (c) a piston displaceably guided in the cylinder and
having a piston face surface; (d) a striker displaceably guided in
the cylinder and disposed underneath the piston in an operating
position, said striker having a striker face surface lying in the
interior of the cylinder; (e) a combustion chamber delimited
axially by the striker face surface and by the piston face surface;
(f) a disengagement apparatus for moving the piston in the cylinder
into an upper position, said disengagement apparatus comprising at
least one cable and a carriage connected with the at least one
cable for guiding the carriage to be displaceable along an outside
portion of the cylinder and a buffer part disposed on the carriage,
said buffer part lying against the stop in an upper end
position.
2. The pile hammer according to claim 1, wherein the at least one
cable is guided between at least one pair of guide rollers disposed
on the cylinder.
3. The pile hammer according to claim 1, further comprising a
leader attached to the cylinder and comprising at least one pair of
guide rollers, wherein the at least one cable is guided between the
at least one pair of guide rollers.
4. The pile hammer according to claim 3, wherein the guide rollers
of the at least one pair of guide rollers have axes disposed on a
line parallel to a center axis of the cylinder.
5. The pile hammer according to claim 4, wherein the guide rollers
of the at least one pair of guide rollers are disposed and
dimensioned so that in a vertical position of the cylinder, the at
least one cable, in a tensed state, is offset toward the center
axis of the cylinder.
6. The pile hammer according to claim 5, wherein the at least one
cable runs through the guide rollers of the at least one pair of
guide rollers, in the tensed state, on an extended center axis of
the cylinder.
7. The pile hammer according to claim 1, further comprising a guide
anchor disposed on the carriage, first and second pairs of guide
rollers disposed on the cylinder, or on a leader attached to the
cylinder, at a distance from one another, and first and second
cables passing around the guide anchor and guided on first and
second sides of the guide anchor between two guide rollers of the
first and second pairs of guide rollers, respectively.
8. The pile hammer according to claim 7, wherein the guide rollers
of the first and second pairs of guide rollers have a radially
circumferential guide groove, in each instance, to accommodate the
first and second cables, respectively, wherein the groove aligns
with a guidance of the guide anchor.
9. The pile hammer according to claim 8, wherein the guide anchor
is disposed orthogonal to a longitudinal center axis of the
carriage.
10. The pile hammer according to claim 1, wherein the buffer part
is configured to be elastic, at least in certain regions.
11. The pile hammer according to claim 1, wherein the buffer part
is elastically mounted on the carriage.
12. The pile hammer according to claim 7, wherein each cable that
runs around the guide anchor is connected with a traverse at two
ends of the respective cable, wherein the traverse is provided with
an accommodation for a crane cable.
13. The pile hammer according to claim 12, wherein the
accommodation is formed by a shackle for accommodating a crane
hook.
14. The pile hammer according to claim 1, wherein the stop has a
contact piece that projects beyond the carriage.
15. The pile hammer according to claim 14, further comprising a
first end and a second end opposite the first end, wherein the
carriage is disposed on the first end and a contact part is
disposed on the second end parallel to the contact piece.
16. The pile hammer according to claim 15, wherein the contact part
is a roller body.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] Applicant claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119 of
European Application No. 14184318.5 filed Sep. 10, 2014, the
disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The invention relates to a pile hammer comprising a
cylinder, a piston displaceably guided in the cylinder, a striker
displaceably guided in the cylinder, which striker is disposed
below the piston in the operating position of the pile hammer, a
combustion chamber that is delimited axially by a face surface of
the striker that lies in the interior of the cylinder and a face
surface of the piston, as well as a disengagement apparatus by way
of which the piston can be moved in the cylinder, into an upper
position.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Such pile hammers, such as diesel hammers, which are also
called diesel pile drivers, are particularly used in foundation
work in the construction industry. The pile hammers are used for
driving posts of all kinds, such as concrete pillars, iron beams,
sheet pile wall elements or the like into a construction
ground.
[0006] During the starting procedure of such a pile-driving device,
a piston is pulled upward within a cylinder, using a disengagement
apparatus, and released at a defined height, thereupon dropping
downward under the effect of gravity. As it drops, the piston
activates a fuel pump, thereby conveying fuel into the working
chamber of the cylinder of the pile-driving device.
[0007] By the downward movement of the piston within the cylinder
of the pile-driving device, the air present in the working chamber
of the cylinder is compressed and heated to such an extent that the
fuel/air mixture present in the working chamber is ignited,
whereupon it combusts in the manner of an explosion. The impact of
the piston onto the striker initiates not only the ignition of the
fuel/air mixture but also the transfer of drop energy into the
material to be pile-driven. Because of the explosion energy
released during this process, the piston is accelerated upward for
a new work cycle. At the same time, the material being pile-driven
is driven into the ground. As the piston rises, exhaust openings
are exposed, so that combustion gases can escape and the pressure
in the cylinder space becomes equal to the ambient pressure once
again.
[0008] In the case of pile-driving locations that are difficult to
access, particularly in the case of off-shore applications, the
pile hammer is regularly positioned at the pile-driving location by
way of cables, directly or also by way of an attached leader that
surrounds it. For this purpose, the pile hammer or also the
attached leader that surrounds it is attached by means of two
cables disposed to lie opposite one another, which are connected
with a traverse that in turn is connected with the crane cable of a
crane. Furthermore, a center cable is also disposed on this
traverse, which cable is connected with the carriage of the
disengagement apparatus of the pile hammer. In this manner,
single-cable handling of the pile hammer on the crane side is made
possible.
[0009] It is a disadvantage of the previously known pile hammer
that when the pile hammer is set up from a horizontal position by
way of the crane cable, it can occur that the outer holding cables
come to lie around the guide rails of the disengagement apparatus,
which rails can be damaged when these cables are pulled.
Furthermore, it can occur that in the case of disadvantageous
positioning of the cables, the main weight of the pile hammer lies
on the center cable connected with the disengagement apparatus,
thereby resulting in damage to the disengagement apparatus.
Furthermore, damage to the center cable, which is not designed for
such stresses, can occur. Last but not least, the center cable
arrangement proves to be problematic in the case of the previously
known single-cable handling on the crane side, because a pendulum
movement of the pile hammer is caused by the tensile force applied
to the disengagement apparatus by way of the center cable. This
movement can have a negative effect on the beginning of the
pile-driving process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The invention wishes to provide a remedy for this situation.
The invention is based on the task of making available a pile
hammer that allows single-cable handling on the crane side
particularly also in the case of off-shore applications, and in
which damage caused by raising of the pile hammer by way of a crane
cable is prevented. According to the invention, this task is
accomplished by means of a pile hammer including a cylinder, a
piston displaceably guided in the cylinder, and a striker
displaceably guided in the cylinder. The striker is disposed
underneath the piston in the operating position of the pile hammer.
A combustion chamber is delimited axially by a face surface of the
striker that lies in the interior of the cylinder and by a face
surface of the piston. A disengagement apparatus, by way of which
the piston can be moved in the cylinder, into an upper position,
includes a carriage, which is connected with at least one cable, by
way of which the carriage is guided to be displaceable on the
outside, along the cylinder. A stop that projects outward is
disposed on the cylinder, and a buffer part is disposed on the
carriage, with which part the carriage lies against the stop in an
upper end position.
[0011] With the invention, a pile hammer is made available that
allows single-cable handling on the crane side particularly also in
the case of off-shore applications, and in which damage caused by
raising of the pile hammer by way of a crane cable is prevented.
Because the carriage of the disengagement apparatus is connected
with a cable, by way of which the carriage is guided to be
displaceable on the outside, along the cylinder, wherein a stop
that projects outward is disposed on the cylinder, against which
stop a buffer part disposed on the carriage lies in an upper end
position, direct transfer of the tensile forces to the stop by
means of the buffer part is brought about, thereby guaranteeing
damage-free lifting of the pile hammer. This at least one cable
serves to both set up and position the pile hammer by way of a
crane cable, and to control the disengagement apparatus for lifting
the piston guided within the cylinder of the pile hammer.
[0012] In a further development of the invention, the at least one
cable is guided between at least one pair of guide rollers disposed
on the cylinder. In this way, introduction of the tensile forces
directed orthogonally at the stop, by way of the buffer part, is
made possible. In the event that the pile hammer is disposed in an
attached leader, the at least one cable is guided between at least
one pair of guide rollers disposed on the attached leader.
[0013] In a further embodiment of the invention, the axes of the
guide rollers of the at least one pair of guide rollers are
disposed on a line parallel to the center axis or center of gravity
axis of the cylinder. In this way, perpendicular guidance of the
pile hammer during raising and positioning is made possible. In
this connection, the guide rollers of the at least one pair of
guide rollers are preferably disposed and dimensioned in such a
manner that in the vertical position of the cylinder, the at least
one cable, in the tensed state, runs offset in the direction of the
center axis or the center of gravity axis of the cylinder, or,
particularly preferably, runs through the guide rollers in the
tensed state, on the extended center axis or center of gravity axis
of the cylinder. In this case, unintentional tilting of the pile
hammer during raising and positioning is avoided.
[0014] In a further development of the invention, a guide anchor is
disposed on the carriage, around which anchor a cable is passed.
This cable is guided on both sides of the guide anchor, between two
guide rollers, in each instance, disposed on the cylinder or on the
attached leader, at a distance from one another. In this way,
handling of the pile hammer during raising and positioning is
further improved. In this connection, the guide anchor is
preferably disposed orthogonal to the longitudinal center axis of
the carriage.
[0015] In an embodiment of the invention, the guide rollers of the
pairs of guide rollers have a radially circumferential guide
groove, in each instance, to accommodate the cable, which groove
aligns with the guidance of the guide anchor. In this way,
offset-free guidance of the cable is brought about. In the tensed
state of the cable before raising of the horizontally disposed pile
hammer, guided, offset-free cable deflection by 90 degrees is
brought about in this way.
[0016] In a further embodiment of the invention, the buffer part is
configured to be elastic, at least in certain regions, and/or
elastically mounted on the carriage. In this way, a gentle impact
of the buffer body against the stop is brought about when the at
least one cable is tensed.
[0017] In a further embodiment of the invention, the cable that
runs around the guide anchor is connected with a traverse at its
two ends, which traverse has an accommodation for a crane cable. In
this way, optimal single-cable handling by way of the crane cable
of a crane is made possible. Preferably, the accommodation is
formed by a shackle for accommodating a crane hook.
[0018] In a further embodiment of the invention, the stop that
projects outward has a contact piece that projects beyond the
carriage of the disengagement apparatus. In this way, damage to the
carriage is prevented when the pile hammer is laid down
horizontally.
[0019] In a further development of the invention, a further contact
part is disposed on the pile hammer, on its end directed opposite
the carriage, parallel to the contact piece, which part preferably
is formed as a roller body. In this way, a further support body is
formed for laying the pile hammer down horizontally, by way of
which body setting up the pile hammer into the vertical position,
by way of the at least one cable, is made possible at the same
time. Furthermore, a contact part configured as a roller body
allows rolling the pile hammer over the ground while the opposite
end is raised.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Other objects and features of the invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description considered in
connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood,
however, that the drawings are designed as an illustration only and
not as a definition of the limits of the invention.
[0021] In the drawings, wherein similar reference characters denote
similar elements throughout the several views:
[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a pile hammer;
[0023] FIG. 2 is a representation of the pile hammer from FIG. 1 in
a side view;
[0024] FIG. 3 is a detail view of Detail A of the representation
from FIG. 1;
[0025] FIG. 4 is a representation of the pile hammer from FIG. 1 in
horizontal position, before the setting up process, with the cable
positioning indicated in a detail representation; and
[0026] FIG. 5 is a representation of the guide anchor of the pile
hammer from FIG. 1
a) in a top view; b) in a side view; c) in the detail section
A-A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0027] Referring now in detail to the drawings, the pile hammer
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 selected as an exemplary, embodiment is
configured as a diesel hammer 1. The diesel hammer 1 has a cylinder
2 that is open on both sides, and regularly can have a length of 3
to 8 meters and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 meters. A piston--not
shown--is displaceably disposed in the cylinder. A striker 3
coaxial to the piston engages into the open lower end of the
cylinder 2, in displaceable manner. A striker plate 31 is formed
onto the striker 3; its lower delimitation surface, directed
outward, interacts with the upper end of a concrete pillar to be
pile-driven during operation. In the exemplary embodiment, a pile
ram chisel 4 for accommodating material to be pile-driven is
disposed below the striker plate 31.
[0028] Two guide spars 21 are attached on the outside of the
cylinder, parallel to one another, on which the carriage 51 of a
disengagement apparatus 5 is guided so as to be displaceable.
[0029] The carriage 51 of the disengagement apparatus 5 comprises
two guide arms 52, disposed parallel to one another, which are
connected with one another by way of a center brace 53. See FIG. 3.
An entrainment hook--not shown--that projects into the cylinder 2
is attached to the center brace 53, to raise the piston--not shown.
At its end that lies opposite the pile ram chisel 4, a guide anchor
54 is attached to the center brace 53 so as to lie transverse to
it. The guide anchor 54, which serves for connecting the carriage
51 with a cable, is configured to be rounded off at its two ends,
and is provided with a depression 541 (see FIG. 5) for
accommodating and guiding the cable 7.
[0030] A groove 542 for accommodating a locking element--not
shown--is introduced into the center of the guide anchor 54, in the
depression 541; the cable 7 is provided with this element. The
cable is fixed in place within the guide anchor by means of the
locking element fixed in place in the groove.
[0031] Alternatively, two cables can also be attached on the two
sides of the guide anchor 54, in place of the circumferential cable
7. Two guide plates 543 are disposed on the two sides of the
depression 541, on the guide anchor 54, parallel to one another,
between which plates spacer sleeves 544 are disposed, by means of
which sleeves the guide plates 543 are connected and spaced apart
from one another, by means of screws 545.
[0032] Two bores 546 that align with one another are introduced
into the guide plates 543, lying opposite the buffer part 55. The
bores 546 serve to accommodate a pin--not shown--for a connection
with the center brace 53 of the carriage 51.
[0033] On the top of the guide anchor 54, which top lies opposite
the center brace 53, a buffer part 55 that narrows upward is formed
on, with an elastic damping piece 56 disposed on its free end.
[0034] A cylinder attachment 6 is disposed on the cylinder 2, by
way of which the cylinder 2 is extended and on which two pairs 61
of rollers are disposed opposite one another. In this connection,
the pairs 61 of rollers are disposed in such a manner that they
align with the two ends of the guide anchor 54, so that it is made
possible for the two cable ends passed through the pairs 61 of
rollers on both sides of the guide anchor 54 to be accommodated and
passed through without hindrance. The two rollers 611 of the pairs
61 of rollers are dimensioned and positioned in such a manner that
the two cable ends of the cable 7 are passed through between the
related pair 61 of rollers from the respective end of the guide
anchor 54, in S shape, in such a manner that the cable runs
parallel to the center axis of the cylinder 2 in the tensed state.
The two cable ends of the cable 7 as well as the imaginary extended
center axis of the cylinder 2 are thereby disposed on a common
imaginary plane. With this cable guidance, optimally balanced
handling of the diesel hammer 1 by way of a crane cable 71 (FIG. 4)
is made possible.
[0035] A stop 62 that projects outward is formed on below the
cylinder attachment 6, which stop projects beyond the carriage 51
of the disengagement apparatus 5. The stop 62 is provided with a
contact piece 63. A roller body 22 is disposed on the diesel hammer
1, at its end directed opposite to the cylinder attachment 6,
parallel to the contact piece 63. Alternatively, the stop 6 can
also be disposed on the cylinder attachment 6.
[0036] In FIG. 4, the diesel hammer 1 is shown lying horizontally
on the ground 9. In this connection, the diesel hammer 1 lies on
the ground 9 only with the contact piece 63 and with the roller
body 22. To set the diesel hammer 1 up, the crane cable 71
indicated with an arrow in FIG. 4 is connected with the shackle 81
of the traverse 8 and subsequently tightened, wherein the two ends
of the cable 7 connected with the traverse 8 are tensed. The cable
7 thereby lies against the lower roller 611 of the respective
assigned pair 61 of rollers, so that cable deflection by about
90.degree. is applied. The guide anchor 54 that is connected with
the carriage 51, together with the buffer part 55 that is attached
to it, is moved against the stop 62 by way of the cable 7. By
further tightening the crane cable 71, the diesel hammer 1 is
thereby raised about the axis of the roller body 22, wherein the
diesel hammer 1 is horizontally rolled in the direction of the
crane cable 71 by way of the roller body 22. The tensile force
introduced by way of the cable 7 is exclusively directed at the
stop 62, by way of which raising of the diesel hammer 1 takes
place. In this way, impairment of the guide spars 21 or also of the
disengagement apparatus 5 is prevented.
[0037] After the diesel hammer has been raised, it is set onto the
material to be pile-driven, wherein the pile ram chisel 4 encloses
the material to be pile-driven on its end side. Subsequently, the
crane cable is relaxed, thereby moving the two ends of the cable 7,
with the disengagement apparatus 5 attached to the cable in the
direction of the pile ram chisel 4 due to the force of gravity,
until the entrainment hook--not shown--of the disengagement
apparatus engages into a piston--not shown--situated within the
cylinder 2. By pulling in the crane cable, the disengagement
apparatus 5 is pulled upward by way of the cable 7, until the
disengagement position is reached, whereupon the piston--not
shown--is released. In this position, the buffer part is positioned
at a distance from the stop 62, so that the diesel hammer is not
raised by the crane cable.
[0038] Although only a few embodiments of the present invention
have been shown and described, it is to be understood that many
changes and modifications may be made thereunto without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *