U.S. patent application number 14/784402 was filed with the patent office on 2016-03-10 for street- or railway section arrangement.
The applicant listed for this patent is DESIGNERGY SA. Invention is credited to Daniel LEPORI.
Application Number | 20160069031 14/784402 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48226903 |
Filed Date | 2016-03-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160069031 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LEPORI; Daniel |
March 10, 2016 |
STREET- OR RAILWAY SECTION ARRANGEMENT
Abstract
A street- or railway section arrangement includes the section of
a street or of a railway track, a roof and/or at least one
sidewall. The roof and/or sidewall is/are assembled by
prefabricated plates built up on one hand by a solar converter
system. Mechanical stability, thermal isolation as well as
acoustical absorption according to the needs in context with the
addressed arrangement is established on the other hand by a layer
system of the plate. The layer system is firmly fixed to the solar
converter system of the prefabricated plate.
Inventors: |
LEPORI; Daniel; (Castagnola,
CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DESIGNERGY SA |
Lugano |
|
CH |
|
|
Family ID: |
48226903 |
Appl. No.: |
14/784402 |
Filed: |
April 14, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
April 14, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2014/057507 |
371 Date: |
October 14, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/144 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 2/521 20130101;
E01F 7/00 20130101; E04D 1/28 20130101; E01F 8/0047 20130101; E04B
1/90 20130101; H02S 20/20 20141201; E04D 13/00 20130101; Y02E 10/44
20130101; F24S 20/67 20180501; F24S 2020/17 20180501; Y02E 10/40
20130101; E01F 8/0005 20130101; F24S 80/60 20180501; Y02B 10/20
20130101; Y02E 10/50 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E01F 8/00 20060101
E01F008/00; E04C 2/52 20060101 E04C002/52; E01F 7/00 20060101
E01F007/00; E04D 13/00 20060101 E04D013/00; E04H 3/00 20060101
E04H003/00; E04B 1/90 20060101 E04B001/90; E04D 1/28 20060101
E04D001/28 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 23, 2013 |
CH |
00814/13 |
Claims
1. A street- or railway-section arrangement comprising a section
(1) of a street or of a railway track and at least one of a roof
(3) and of a sidewall (5), said at least one of a roof (3) and of a
sidewall (5) being assembled by comprising multiple construction
plates (7) on a holding frame (9), at least a part of the
construction plates (7) comprising each a) a solar conversion
system (11.sub.S, 11) with an active surface (19) for impinging
solar light (S) and with a rear surface (16); b) a layer system
(15) firmly attached on and along said rear surface (16) and
comprising at least one layer, said layer system comprising,
considered in direction of its thickness extent: B1) a mechanical
support material (M) section adapted to establish mechanical
stability of said construction plate (7), B2) a thermal isolating
material (T) section adapted to thermally isolate a backside (17)
of said construction plate (7) with respect to said active surface
(19) B3) an acoustical absorbing material (A) section adapted to
absorb acoustical energy of vehicle traffic noise and adapted to
acoustically isolate said backside (17) of said construction plate
(7) with respect to said active surface (19).
2. The street or railway section arrangement of claim 1, said solar
conversion system being at least one of a photovoltaic conversion
system (11) and of a thermal conversion system.
3. The street or railway section arrangement of claim 1, said solar
conversion system (11.sub.S) comprising a photovoltaic conversion
system (11) with multiple electrically interconnected photovoltaic
cells (13).
4. The street or railway section arrangement of claim 3, wherein
said layer system (15) is thicker than said solar conversion system
(11.sub.S).
5. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 3,
wherein said layer system (15) is bonded (25) to said rear surface
(16).
6. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 3
and comprising a sidewall (5), the plates (7) at said sidewall
being arranged with the active surfaces (19) for impinging solar
light (S) pointing outwards towards the environment (U) of the
street- or railway section arrangement.
7. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 3,
wherein at least two of the mechanical support material (M)
section, of the thermal isolating material (T) section and of the
acoustical absorbing material (A) section are provided by at least
one of different distinct material layers, and of distinct
differently structured material layers.
8. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 3
comprising in said layer system cables (21) for at least one of
exploiting electric power from the photovoltaic conversion system
(11) of said solar conversion system (11.sub.S) and of supplying
energy to at least one of appliances and optical fibres.
9. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 3
comprising a tubing or channel arrangement (23) for at least one of
a heat transport medium a fire extinguishing medium a de-freezing
medium.
10. The street or railway section arrangement of claim 1, wherein
said layer systems (15) is thicker than said solar conversion
system (11.sub.S).
11. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 1,
wherein said layer system (15) is bonded (25) to said rear surface
(16).
12. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 1
and comprising a sidewall (5), the plates (7) at said sidewall
being arranged with the active surfaces (19) for impinging solar
light (S) pointing outwards towards the environment (U) of the
street- or railway section arrangement.
13. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 1,
wherein at least two of the mechanical support material (M)
section, of the thermal isolating material (T) section and of the
acoustical absorbing material (A) section are provided by at least
one of different distinct material layers, and of distinct
differently structured material layers.
14. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 1
comprising in said layer system cables (21) for at least one of
exploiting electric power from a photovoltaic conversion system
(11) of said solar converstion system (11.sub.S) and of supplying
energy to at least one of appliances and optical fibers.
15. The street or railway section arrangement according to claim 1
comprising a tubing or channel arrangement (23) for at least one of
a heat transport medium a fire extinguishing medium a de-freezing
medium.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a U.S. National Phase Application of International
Application No. PCT/EP2014/057507 filed Apr. 14, 2014, claiming
priority of Switzerland Application No. 00814/13 filed Apr. 23,
2013.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY
[0002] Places, streets as e.g. motorways or highways, as well as
railway tracks are subject to frequent repairs due to mechanical
loading e.g. by user vehicles, environmental influences as by rain,
snow, frost, high temperatures, which all represent high static
and/or dynamic loadings.
[0003] Moreover, places, streets as well as railway tracks must be
constructed to ensure highest possible security for the respective
users which includes security with respect to environmental
influences, optical and acoustical disturbances especially caused
by the respective vehicle traffic.
[0004] Moreover, places, streets as well as railway tracks are
often sources of disturbing acoustical emissions for the
environment.
[0005] Moreover, construction and maintenance of places, streets
and railway tracks must be optimized with respect to costs.
[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a
street- or railway section arrangement which [0007] is cost
effective under long-term considerations and also in construction
as well as in maintenance; [0008] holds environmental loadings as
e.g. with respect to wind, rain, snow, frost and even, if
necessary, avalanches or rock-fall dependent from the geographic
location of the arrangement; [0009] provides for the respective
users best possible safety with respect to environmental
influences, as e.g. from wind, rain, snow, frost, possibly
avalanches or rock-fall dependent from the geographic location of
the arrangement as well as with respect to optical and acoustical
disturbances as from light reflections and noise generated
especially by the respective vehicle traffic; [0010] reduces
disturbances of the environment especially by vehicle traffic
noise.
[0011] This is achieved according to the present invention by a
street- or railway section arrangement which comprises a section of
the street or of a railway track and at least one of a roof and of
a sidewall. The at least one of the sidewall and of the roof is
assembled by multiple construction plates on a holding frame for
construction of the plates. At least a part of the construction
plates comprise each: [0012] a) an extended solar conversion system
with an active surface for impinging solar light and with a rear
surface; [0013] b) a layer system firmly attached on and along the
rear surface of the solar conversion system and comprising at least
one layer.
[0014] The layer system comprises, considered in direction of its
thickness extent [0015] B1) a mechanical support material section
which is adapted to establish mechanical stability of the
construction plate, [0016] B2) a thermal insulating material
section which is adapted to thermally isolate the backside of the
construction plate with respect to the active surface, [0017] B3)
an acoustically absorbing material section adapted to absorb
acoustical energy of vehicle traffic noise and to acoustically
isolate the backside of the construction plate with respect to the
active surface.
DEFINITION
[0018] We understand under a "street section arrangement" a part of
a street of a certain length, be it a normal street with
contraflow, highway or motorway, which is equipped with additional
appliances as e.g. streetlights, emergency stations as well as
places e.g. parking places and "streets" leading to and from such
places. Thus, the terms "street" and "street section" shall include
"places" and "sectional places". Analogically we understand under a
"railway section arrangement" a railway track or multiple railway
tracks of a certain length equipped with appliances as of
telecommunication equipment etc. Such an arrangement includes
railway networks as in railway stations.
[0019] We understand under a "roof" any roof, be it a flat roof, a
pitched roof, an inclined roof, a roof sectionized in partially
differently inclined or even bent parts. It goes without saying
that if a roof is to be constructed under the aspect of the present
invention, which is bent, construction plates as applied by the
present invention may be accordingly bent as well so that under the
term "plate" and "construction plate" there is not to be understood
solely a plate which is plane. The addressed plates may be shaped
according to the respective constructional needs for roofs and/or
sidewalls.
[0020] We understand under "a solar conversion system" a system
which converts solar energy into electric energy or thermal energy.
A thermal conversion system throughout the present description and
claims addresses a system which converts solar energy into heat.
Customarily, the heat as generated by impinging solar energy is
removed or transported from such thermal conversion system by means
of a liquid heat transport medium along a system of tubing.
[0021] Under a "photovoltaic conversion system" we understand a
system which converts solar energy into electric energy. A
photovoltaic conversion system is primarily to be understood as a
system which is based on semiconductor solar cells.
[0022] If we speak throughout the description and claims of
"acoustical absorption" or of "acoustical isolation" we always
address both, acoustical absorption and acoustical isolation, which
are both present, although possibly with different effectiveness or
tailored with different weighting.
[0023] Thus, the street or railway section arrangement according to
the invention is built primarily by construction plates. The plates
significantly facilitate construction and maintenance as they may
be prefabricated and easily handled for transport and on the
building site. The combination on one hand of the solar conversion
system which has only basic mechanical stability, and, on the other
hand, the layer system at the respective single construction plates
establishes that the overall section arrangement not only fulfills
the requirement with respect to the traffic users of the street- or
railway section arrangement and of the environment, but
additionally provides for generation of energy, which, in
combination, significantly rises attractiveness of such
arrangements with respect to long-term overall costs.
[0024] In one embodiment of the street or railway section
arrangement according to the present invention, which may be
combined with any of the succeedingly addressed embodiments, unless
in contradiction, the solar conversion system is at least one of a
photovoltaic conversion system and of a thermal conversion system.
Clearly, both systems may be combined, be it that the photovoltaic
conversion system is cooled by a heat transport liquid medium, and
thus indirectly acts also as a thermal conversion system, be it
that besides a photovoltaic conversion system there is provided
additionally a thermal conversion system on the addressed
construction plates.
[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, which may be
combined with any of the preaddressed embodiments or embodiments
still to be addressed, unless in contradiction, the solar
conversion system comprises a photovoltaic conversion system with
multiple electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells.
[0026] In a further embodiment of the invention, which may be
combined with any of the preaddressed embodiments and with any
embodiment still to be addressed, unless in contradiction, the
layer system of the construction plates is thicker than the solar
conversion system.
[0027] Solar conversion systems of panel shape suited to be applied
to a plate according to the present invention are customarily
slightly flexible and bendable and do only provide for basic
mechanical stability, thermal and acoustical isolation.
[0028] E.g. photovoltaic conversion systems with multiple
photovoltaic cells, so-called PV panels, are today mostly laminated
with at least one glass that provides only the basic mechanical
stability and electrical isolation as well as only small thermal
and acoustical isolation. Such a photovoltaic conversion system
does by no means fulfill the requirements for a roof or for a
sidewall of a street or railway section. This prevails analogically
for thermal conversion systems. The layer system which is firmly
attached on and along the rear surface of the solar conversion
system at each construction plate adds the additional
characteristics specifically tailored for the addressed street or
railway application, namely the mechanical stability and strength
and, additionally, the thermal insulation characteristic, through
the entire plate, so that the respective street or railway track
becomes protected from high or low temperatures of the surrounding,
as in winter from frost and in summer from excessively high
temperatures. Moreover and due to the acoustical absorber quality
of the layer system on one hand vehicle traffic noise becomes
absorbed, thereby protecting the traffic users and additionally the
environment of such street or railway section arrangement is
shielded from excessive noise disturbances.
[0029] In a good embodiment of the arrangement according to the
present invention, which may be combined with any of the
preaddressed embodiments and embodiments still to be addressed,
unless in contradiction, the layer system is bonded to the rear
surface of the solar conversion system, e.g. by gluing.
[0030] Thereby, such bonding may be realized along the entire rear
surface of the solar conversion system, but is realized in a good
embodiment only along predetermined areas, so that areas between
such bonding allow the realization of an additional thermic
isolating or cooling system by air entrapped or circulating along
areas which are not bonded as for a photovoltaic conversion system
or to include a channel or tubing system directly between the solar
conversion system and the layer system as for a thermal conversion
system.
[0031] If the street or railway section arrangement according to
the present invention comprises a sidewall, then in a good
embodiment which may be combined with any preaddressed embodiment
or embodiment still to be addressed, unless in contradiction, the
construction plates at the addressed sidewall are arranged with the
active surface for impinging solar light pointing outwards i.e.
towards the environment of the street- or railway section
arrangement, away from the street or respectively railway. Thereby,
it is avoided that the possibly optically reflective active surface
of the solar conversion system reflects light, as from motor
vehicles or trains, back to the traffic users on the street or
railway track, which might significantly disturb such users also
under the aspect of security.
[0032] In a good embodiment of the arrangement according to the
present invention which may be combined with any of the
preaddressed embodiments and embodiments still to be addressed,
unless in contradiction, at least two of the mechanical support
material section, of the thermal isolating material section and of
the acoustical absorbing material section of the layer system are
provided by at least one of distinct, different material layers and
of distinct differently structured material layers.
[0033] We thereby understand throughout the description and claims
under the "structure" of a material its microscopic or macroscopic
cross-sectional appearance including its surface, e.g. ranging from
crystallinity to porosity and even further to its structure as
generated by machining as by boring, milling, embossing, stamping,
etc.
[0034] As there exists a huge number of materials apt to realize
mechanical support and/or thermal isolation and/or acoustical
absorption of noise of vehicles, i.e. in the spectrum of such
noise, and, besides of material thickness, material structure too
defines for the respective degree of mechanical stability and
strength, thermal isolation and acoustical absorption of such
materials, one and the same material with a respectively selected
layer thickness, structure, possibly varying along its extent, may
be selected to provide the combined effects of mechanical support,
thermal isolation and acoustical absorption. Alternatively, the
three requirements or two thereof may be realized by respective
"specialized" layers, thereby leading to a sandwich structure of
the layer system having two or more discrete layers.
[0035] In an embodiment of the arrangement according to the present
invention, which may be combined with any of the preaddressed
embodiments and embodiments still to be addressed, unless in
contradiction, the layer system comprises cables for at least one
of exploiting electric energy of a photovoltaic conversion layer
system, and of supplying energy to further appliances of the
respective arrangement, e.g. to street- or railway track lights,
telecommunication, etc. optical fibres. Such cables are already
provided within the plates and need only to be interconnected.
[0036] In one embodiment of the arrangement according to the
present invention, which may be combined with any preaddressed
embodiments, unless in contradiction, the layer system comprises a
tubing or channel arrangement for [0037] a heat transport medium so
as to control the temperature of the roof or sidewall and thereby
indirectly of the atmosphere inside the street- or railway section
arrangement. [0038] Thereby, such tubing or channel arrangement for
a heat transport medium may be provided as the only channel or
tubing arrangement in the construction plate. It may alternatively
be provided additionally to a second tubing or channel arrangement
in a thermal conversion system of the solar conversion system. If
the addressed channel or tubing arrangement in the layer system is
the only such arrangement in the construction plate and the solar
conversion system comprises a thermal conversion system, in fact
such arrangement in the layer system becomes part of the solar
conversion system. [0039] If the solar conversion system comprises
a photovoltaic conversion system, such tubing or channel
arrangement may be exploited to remove heat from the backside of
the photovoltaic conversion system or in very low temperature
surrounding even to heat it up.
[0040] The tubing or channel arrangement may alternatively or
additionally be provided for [0041] a fire extinguishing medium to
provide fire extinguishing capabilities in the case of an accident
and/or for [0042] a de-freezing solution e.g. for rapidly freeing
the active surface from ice and thereby to rapidly regain a full
photovoltaic conversion efficiency after snow or ice deposition
thereon.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0043] The invention shall now be further exemplified with the help
of figures. They show:
[0044] FIG. 1 in a perspective view, schematically and simplified,
an embodiment of a street- or railway track section arrangement
according to the present invention,
[0045] FIG. 2 schematically and simplified, a cross section through
a construction plate, by which a part of the arrangement according
to FIG. 1 is assembled,
[0046] FIG. 3(a) to (c) schematically cross sections through a
layer system as applied to the construction plates according to the
present invention, whereat [0047] (a) all the requirements to the
plate are realized by a single layer [0048] (b) all the
requirements to the construction plates are realized by two layers
[0049] (c) all the requirements to the construction plates are
realized by three layers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] FIG. 1 shows most schematically and simplified and in a
perspective view an example of an embodiment of a street section
arrangement or railway section arrangement according to the present
invention. A section 1 of a street or, as shown in dash line, of a
railway track is equipped with a roof 3 and/or at least one
sidewall 5. The roof 3--as an example a flat roof--and/or sidewall
5 is assembled by construction plates 7. The construction plates 7
are prefabricated and are mounted on a frame 9 as schematically
shown so as to form together with the street or railway track
section 1 an arrangement according to the present invention. Each
or at least the predominant number of construction plates 7
comprises a solar conversion system, in FIG. 1 realized by a
photovoltaic conversion system 11 with a multitude of solar cells
13 which are electrically interconnected within the photovoltaic
conversion system 11. The photovoltaic conversion system 11 is a
laminated structure which may have at least one glass layer.
Similar to a thermal conversion system panel, the photovoltaic
conversion system per se provides only for a basic mechanical,
thermal, electrical and chemical stability as is known from
commercially available photovoltaic conversion modules or panels.
The construction plates 7 further comprise a layer system 15
rigidly fixed to the photovoltaic conversion system 11. The layer
system 15 comprises at least one layer and provides for the
mechanic stability, thermal isolation between a backside 17 of the
plate 7 with respect to the active surface 19 of the solar
conversion system as of the photovoltaic conversion system 11 in
FIG. 1, whereupon solar light S impinges, as well as absorbance of
acoustical energy as produced by vehicle traffic noise on the
street or railway track section 1. The acoustical absorption is
tailored with respect to that frequency band which accords to such
vehicle traffic noise. Thus, each plate 7 provides for the complete
requirements of the roof 3 and/or wall 5.
[0051] So as to avoid light reflection as caused by the vehicle
traffic on the street or on the railway track, the construction
plates 7 are mounted on the frame 9 so that their active surface 19
points towards the environment or surrounding U of the arrangement
rather than towards the street or railway track section 1. This
because customarily the active surface 19 of a solar conversion
system, especially of a photovoltaic conversion system is at least
to a certain degree light-reflecting and would cause hazardous
light flashing caused by the vehicle traffic back to the traffic
users on the street or railway track section 1.
[0052] FIG. 2 schematically shows a cross section through a
construction plate 7. The solar conversion system 11.sub.S defining
for the active surface 19 of the plate 7, where solar light S
impinges, is, as was addressed, firmly fixed to the layer system
15, thereby in a good embodiment by bonding in distinct areas 25.
The solar conversion system 11.sub.S is in a good mode of
realization a photovoltaic conversion system with a multitude of
electrically interconnected solar cells and/or a thermal conversion
system as exemplified in FIG. 1. Both systems, photovoltaic
conversion systems as addressed at 11 of FIG. 1 and thermal
conversion systems are known to the skilled artisan as respective
conversion system panels. Therefore, details of such known
conversion systems are not shown in the figures. Along the
thickness extent d of the layer system 15, which is customarily
considerably thicker than the solar conversion system 11.sub.S, as
of a photovoltaic conversion system 11 (FIG. 1), the layer system
15 comprises a thickness section of mechanical support material,
which is adapted to establish mechanical stability of the entire
construction plate as required for the respective roofing or wall
application. The layer system 15 has further a thickness section of
material with thermal isolation ability so as to thermally isolate
the backside 17 of the plate 7 with respect to the active surface
19. It further comprises a thickness section of a material with
acoustical absorbing ability, which is adapted to acoustically
absorb acoustical energy of vehicle traffic noise and thus in the
respective acoustical spectrum. Thereby also acoustical isolation
between the backside 17 of construction plate 7 and the active
surface 19 is provided.
[0053] At least two of the three primary requirements for the layer
system 15, mechanical, thermal and acoustical may be realized by
"specialized" distinct layers of different materials and/or of
different structures--including surface structure--or by a single
material layer with a single structure. Further, at least two of
the addressed requirements may be realized by one or more than one
distinct material layer, the structure thereof varying in direction
of its thickness extent d.
[0054] As perfectly known to the skilled artisan there exists a
huge number of material by which the requirement of mechanical
strength, thermal isolation and acoustical absorbance or isolation
may be realized, dependent upon parameters of such materials as
applied, especially of thickness, structure including surface
structure and additionally in dependency of the combination of such
materials e.g. in a sandwiched structure.
[0055] Thus, the respective resulting ability of a materials is
largely dependent from the material itself, but additionally from
its structure including possibly surface structure as of
porosity--closed or open--density and from the thickness. E.g. with
respect to acoustical absorption ability beside of selecting the
appropriate material with respective thickness and porosity, it is
also possible as shown in dash line in FIG. 2 at 20 to improve such
acoustical absorbance by respectively profiling the backside 17 of
the construction plate 7.
[0056] Thus and as shown in FIG. 3(a) it is absolutely possible to
realize mechanical requirements M, acoustical requirements A and
thermal requirements T of the layer system 15 by one layer
L.sub.M+A+T of a respective material, thereby changing e.g.
porosity along the direction of thickness d to establish a section
to fulfill mechanical stability, a second differently dense or
differently structured section of the same material to realized
thermal isolation, and still further with a third section of such
material to fulfill acoustical absorption. Please note that in FIG.
3 differently dense hatching indicates possibly varying structure.
Nevertheless, it is also possible, by respectively selecting the
material, its structure and thickness, to fulfill all the
requirements by a homogenously structured single material layer of
the layer system 15. In the other extreme and according to FIG.
3(c) the layer system 15 comprises a "specialized" layer L.sub.M
for ensuring mechanical stability M, a "specialized" layer L.sub.T
for ensuring thermal isolation T and a "specialized" layer L.sub.A
for ensuring acoustical absorption A, all layers L.sub.M to L.sub.A
being of different material and/or of different structure.
[0057] FIG. 3(b) shows an intermediate form of realization between
realization according to FIG. 3(a) and that of FIG. 3(c). According
to the realization form of FIG. 3(b) there is provided one
specialized layer, e.g. for mechanical strength, L.sub.M, whereas a
second layer fulfills the remaining requirements as of acoustical
and thermic, layer L.sub.A+T.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 2 the layer system 15 may, irrespective of
its realization form, comprise inserted cables 21. Such cables 21
may be metal cables to remove electric energy from a photovoltaic
conversion system realizing the solar converter 11.sub.S and/or to
supply energy to appliances of the street- or railway track section
arrangement as e.g. for lamps, for signals, for telecommunication
equipment or may be optical fibre cables.
[0059] If such cables 21 are provided in the construction plates,
they need only be interconnected when constructing the roof 3 of
wall 5.
[0060] Further a channel and/or a tubing system 23 may be provided
in the layer system 15 of the construction plate 7 for later
inserting cables as addressed above and/or to flow a heating or
cooling medium through the layer system 15, or a fire extinguishing
medium towards a spray arrangement for such medium at the roofing
or along the wall of the arrangement, or there might be flown
through such tubing system a de-freezing medium so as to reduce the
timespan during which the active surface 19 is covered by snow or
by ice. To efficiently fulfill this task the tubing system may be
in flow connection with a surface or interface surface to be acted
upon by such a de-freezing medium e.g. with the active surface 19
by bores 27 as shown in FIG. 2 in dash line.
[0061] With an eye on FIG. 2 one may recognize that channels 23 may
be formed in the surface of the layer system 15 which is fixed,
e.g. bonded as at the gluing areas 25, to the backside of the solar
conversion system 11.sub.S. Thereby, if such bonding is realized
along specific, separate areas 25 the unbonded areas in between may
act as channels for air or even for a liquid medium and/or there
may be worked into the addressed surface channels as both shown in
dash line in FIG. 2.
[0062] Such channel and/or tubing 23, thereby especially tubing,
may be exploited for heat transport and removal especially if the
solar conversion system 11.sub.S is realized by or includes a
thermal conversion system. In latter case it is even possible to
exclusively provide the tubing for heat transport by a liquid
medium in the layer system 15 resulting in the fact that such
thermal conversion system is realized by a heat absorber system at
11.sub.S and absorbed heat is removed through channels 23 in the
layer system 15 by means of a liquid heat transport medium.
[0063] If additional requirements are to be fulfilled by
construction plate 7 and/or one requirement is to be improved, as
e.g. mechanical requirement M, one or more than one of the layers
as of FIG. 3 may be replaced respectively by a two or more layer
structure and/or additional layers may be provided, e.g. to fulfill
tightness with respect to rain.
* * * * *