U.S. patent application number 14/457194 was filed with the patent office on 2016-02-18 for package for holding a product on a display peg.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Gillette Company. Invention is credited to Stanley Michael Marcinkowski.
Application Number | 20160046424 14/457194 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 54007987 |
Filed Date | 2016-02-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160046424 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Marcinkowski; Stanley
Michael |
February 18, 2016 |
Package For Holding A Product On A Display Peg
Abstract
A package for holding and displaying a consumer product on a peg
has a front panel defining a thru opening to receive the peg. The
thru opening has a first tab and a second tab. The first tab
extends from a first edge of the thru opening and has a conductive
bottom edge. The second tab extends from a second edge of the thru
opening and has a conductive bottom edge spaced apart from the
conductive bottom edge of the first tab. The conductive bottom edge
of the first and second tabs are in electrical contact with the
peg.
Inventors: |
Marcinkowski; Stanley Michael;
(Peabody, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Gillette Company |
Boston |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
54007987 |
Appl. No.: |
14/457194 |
Filed: |
August 12, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
220/475 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47F 5/0823 20130101;
A47F 2010/025 20130101; B65D 2575/565 20130101; B65D 75/566
20130101; G08B 13/2462 20130101; B65D 2211/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B65D 75/56 20060101
B65D075/56; B65D 75/58 20060101 B65D075/58; B65D 65/38 20060101
B65D065/38 |
Claims
1. A package for holding and displaying a product on a peg
comprising: a front panel, defining a thru opening dimensioned to
receive the peg; a first tab extending from a first edge of the
thru opening, the first tab having a conductive bottom edge; a
second tab extending from a second edge of the thru opening, the
second tab having a conductive bottom edge spaced apart from the
conductive bottom edge of the first tab, wherein the conductive
bottom edge of the first and second tabs are in electrical contact
with the peg.
2. The package of claim 1, wherein the front panel defining the
thru opening has a circular bottom edge.
3. The package of claim 2, wherein the front panel defining the
thru opening has a circular upper edge.
4. The package of claim 3, wherein the circular upper edge has a
radius that is less than a radius of the circular bottom edge.
5. The package of claim 1, wherein the conductive bottom edge of at
least the first tab and the second tab comprises a conductive ink
trace.
6. The package of claim 1, wherein the conductive bottom edge of at
least the first tab and the second tab comprises a conductive
wire.
7. The package of claim 1, wherein the conductive bottom edge of
the first tab and the conductive bottom edge of the second tab form
an electrically conductive loop.
8. The package of claim 7, wherein the electrically conductive loop
has a resistance of about 1 k ohms to about 200 k ohms.
9. The package of claim 1, where each of the first tab and the
second tab have a neck region extending to an enlarged distal
end.
10. The package of claim 1, wherein the first and second tabs have
an included angle of about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees.
11. The package of claim 1, wherein the conductive bottom edge of
the first tab and the conductive bottom edge of the second tab are
curved.
12. The package of claim 1, wherein the conductive bottom edge of
the first tab and the conductive bottom edge of the second tab
include a plurality of fingers.
13. The package of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the first
tab and the second tab comprises a tear relief.
14. The package of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the thru-opening
is less than a diameter of the peg.
15. An interactive product display system comprising: an elongated
display peg having a circular bottom surface, a generally flat top
surface, and a pair of angled side surfaces connecting the bottom
surface and the top surface, wherein the angled side surfaces are
electrically conductive and the top and bottom surfaces are not
electrically conductive; and a package having a front panel,
defining a thru opening dimensioned to receive the elongated
display peg, a first tab extending from a first edge of the thru
opening, the first tab having a conductive bottom edge, a second
tab extending from the second edge of the thru opening, the second
tab having a conductive bottom edge spaced apart from the
conductive bottom edge of the first tab, wherein the conductive
bottom edge of the first and second tabs are in electrical contact
with the respective angled side surfaces of the peg.
16. The display system of claim 15, wherein the angled side
surfaces each comprises a conductive ink trace.
17. The display system of claim 15, wherein the front panel
defining the thru opening has a circular bottom edge.
18. The display system of claim 17, wherein the front panel
defining the thru opening has a circular upper edge.
19. The display system of claim 15, wherein the conductive bottom
edges of the first and second tabs close a circuit between the
angled side surfaces of the peg.
20. The display system of claim 15, wherein the conductive bottom
edge of the first tab and the conductive bottom edge of the second
tab form an electrically conductive loop with the angled side
surfaces of the peg.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to a package for holding and
displaying a product on a display peg, where a thru opening of the
package is configured to be in electrical contact with the display
peg.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Conventional displays, such as point-of-purchase displays
having a base pegboard and display hardware, contain functional
capability primarily limited to the placement of shelves, racks,
and corresponding pegs upon which products are placed and
displayed. Such conventional point-of-purchase displays offer
little to no sales or inventory data feedback to the retailer or
product manufacturer.
[0003] Interactive display systems for point-of-purchase scenarios
have been developed to provide more functionality than conventional
displays. These interactive display systems have all the
functionality of traditional displays, but also include a power
distribution system with printed or molded conductive ink traces
on, in, or around the display unit, to provide additional
functionality. One example of the additional functionality is
automatic sensing of product on the peg to track stocked inventory.
The feedback data from the automatic sensing capability can be used
for inventory control, theft notification, misplaced product
notification, and the like.
[0004] In a particular type of these interactive display systems,
the peg board (also called the backer board) normally associated
with a display has a printed conductive ink trace applied to the
front or back of the peg board. When the fixture hooks (pegs),
shelves, or other elements are plugged into the peg board, they
come in contact with the proper power traces on the back or front
side, allowing for the proper contact and distribution of a
positive and negative contact, thereby creating a powered
component. That is, the pegs and/or the shelves acquire current
from the peg board. Packages hung on the pegs of the interactive
display system include resistive elements that make electrical
contact with each of the conductive terminals on the pegs. From the
conductive loop, the interactive display system components are able
to determine the identity of the product based on the resistance
value of the package. The system can then alert the retailer to low
or out-of-stock inventory on a peg, that the wrong product has been
placed on the peg, and the like.
[0005] In order for such interactive display systems to function
properly (e.g., provide consistent and accurate feedback), there
must be complete and consistent electrical contact between the peg
and the product package, otherwise the stock tracking on the peg
will be interrupted or, worse yet, completely absent. The package
should remain in electrical contact with the peg even when it is
moved on the peg, such as being bumped by moving product on
adjacent pegs or when it is slid backward on the peg by the
addition of more packages thereon.
[0006] The present invention seeks to further improve the
electrical contact between the product package and the peg on
interactive display systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] According to a first aspect of the invention, there is
provided a package for holding and displaying a consumer product on
a peg. The package has a front panel defining a thru opening to
receive the peg. The thru opening has a first tab and a second tab.
The first tab extends from a first edge of the thru opening and has
a conductive bottom edge. The second tab extends from a second edge
of the thru opening and has a conductive bottom edge spaced apart
from the conductive bottom edge of the first tab. The conductive
bottom edge of the first and second tabs are in electrical contact
with the peg.
[0008] According to another aspect of the invention, there is
provided an interactive product display system. The system includes
an elongated display peg having a circular bottom surface, a
generally flat top surface, and a pair of angled side surfaces
connecting the bottom surface and the top surface, wherein the
angled side surfaces are electrically conductive and the top and
bottom surfaces are not electrically conductive; and a package
having a front panel, defining a thru opening dimensioned to
receive the elongated display peg, a first tab extending from a
first edge of the thru opening, the first tab having a conductive
bottom edge, a second tab extending from the second edge of the
thru opening, the second tab having a conductive bottom edge spaced
apart from the conductive bottom edge of the first tab, wherein the
conductive bottom edge of the first and second tabs are in
electrical contact with the respective angled side surfaces of the
peg.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Embodiments of the invention will hereinafter be described,
by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
[0010] FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a display peg with a
plurality of packages according to one possible embodiment of the
present invention;
[0011] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display peg of FIG.
1 taken along line 2-2;
[0012] FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of a package according
to one possible embodiment of the present invention disposed on a
display peg;
[0013] FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of a package according
to an alternative possible embodiment of the present invention
disposed on a display peg
[0014] FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a package according
to an alternative possible embodiment of the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of a package according
to an alternative possible embodiment of the present invention;
[0016] FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a package according
to an alternative possible embodiment of the present invention;
[0017] FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of a package according
to an alternative possible embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] FIG. 9 is a partial perspective view of a package according
to an alternative possible embodiment of the present invention;
and
[0019] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a package according to one
possible embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0020] The invention is applicable to packages in general that are
used for holding and displaying product on a peg of an interactive
display system.
[0021] FIG. 1 ("FIG. 1") shows a fixture 10 for holding and
displaying a consumer product. The fixture 10 can be part of a
larger interactive display system. In this particular embodiment,
the fixture 10 includes a peg 12 upon which a plurality of packages
14, for holding and displaying product, are disposed. Each package
14 has a thru opening 16 extending through a front panel 18. The
thru openings 16 are dimensioned to receive the peg 12. As will be
described in greater detail, the thru openings 16 have a unique
shape configured to correspond to the shape of a top portion of the
peg 12 and ensure consistent electrical contact between the
packages 14 and the peg 12. Five packages and a single peg are
shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, however, it will be understood
that more or fewer packages may be disposed on the peg, and more
than one peg could be used to support each of the packages.
[0022] FIG. 2 ("FIG. 2") shows a cross-sectional view of the peg 12
taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1. The peg 12 has a bottom surface 20,
a top surface 22, and a pair of angled side surfaces 24. The bottom
surface has a generally semicircular shape, while the top surface
22 is generally flat and forms a generally trapezoidal shape with
the angled side surfaces 24. The pair of angled side surfaces 24
connect the bottom surface 20 and the top surface 22. In one
embodiment, the angled side surfaces 24 are electrically conductive
and the top 22 and bottom surfaces 20 are not. In another
embodiment, the angled side surfaces 24 and the top surface 22 are
electrically conductive and the bottom surface 20 is not. In still
another embodiment, the angled side surfaces, the top surface 22
and the bottom surface 20 are all electrically conductive.
[0023] FIG. 3 ("FIG. 3") shows a partial perspective view of a
package 300 disposed on a peg 302. The package 300 includes a thru
opening 304 dimensioned to receive the peg 302. The thru opening
304 includes a first tab 306 extending from a first edge 308 and a
second tab 310 extending from a second edge 312 of the thru
opening. Each of the first tab 306 and the second tab 310 have a
conductive bottom edge 313 and 314, respectively. In another
possible embodiment, both the bottom edge and a portion or a
substantial portion of each tab itself may be electrically
conductive. The conductive bottom edges 313 and 314 are configured
to be in electrical contact with the angled side surfaces 316 of
the peg 302. As such, the second tab 310 is spaced apart from the
first tab 306. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the first and second
tabs are spaced such that a substantial portion, but not all, of
the bottom edge of each tab is in electrical contact with each
angled side surface of the peg. It will be understood, however,
that more or less of the bottom edge of each tab may be in
electrical contact with each angled side surface, so long as the
contact is sufficient for the flow of electrical current between
the package 300 and the peg 302. In one embodiment the width of
each tab is about 0.1 millimeters ("mm") to about 3 mm,
specifically about 0.25 mm to about 2 mm, and more specifically
about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.
[0024] In order to ensure optimal electrical contact between the
package 300 and the peg 302, the first tab 306 and the second tab
310 extend from the first edge 308 and the second edge 312,
respectively, at an angle generally equal to the angle of the side
surfaces 316. In one embodiment, the first and second tabs have an
included angle of about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees, specifically
about 15 degrees to about 75 degrees, and more specifically about
35 degrees to about 55 degrees.
[0025] The thru opening 304 can be defined in any suitable location
on the package 300. For example (as shown in FIG. 1), the front
panel defines the thru opening. In an alternative embodiment, the
back panel can define the thru opening. In still another
embodiment, a separate panel defining the thru opening can be
affixed to the package 300. As shown in FIG. 3, the thru opening
304 is dimensioned to receive the peg, such that the thru-opening
diameter is greater than that of the peg 302. This enables the
package 300 to be easily placed on, removed from, or slid along the
peg 302 with minimal resistance, because the only contact between
the thru opening 304 and the peg 302 is at the first and second tab
positions. The panel defining the thru opening 304 has a circular
upper edge 318 and a circular bottom edge 320, and the radius of
the circular upper edge 318 is less than the radius of the circular
bottom edge 320.
[0026] FIG. 4 ("FIG. 4") shows a partial perspective view of
another possible embodiment of a package 400 disposed on a peg 402.
The package 400 includes a thru opening 404 dimensioned to receive
the peg 402. The thru opening 404 includes a first tab 406
extending from a first edge 408 and a second tab 410 extending from
a second edge 412 of the thru opening. Each of the first tab 406
and the second tab 410 have a conductive bottom edge 413 and 414,
respectively. The conductive bottom edges 413 and 414 are
configured to be in electrical contact with the angled side
surfaces 416 of the peg 402. As such, the second tab 410 is spaced
apart from the first tab 406. The first tab 406 and the second tab
410 further have a neck region 418 and 420, respectively, extending
to an enlarged distal end 422 and 424, respectively. The neck
regions 418 and 420 can provide flexibility to the tabs, which can
aid in ensuring the tabs remain in electrical contact with the peg
402 when the package 400 is moving, such as in a depth direction
along the length of the peg.
[0027] It is the be understood that the packages of FIGS. 3 and 4,
particularly the thru-opening designs, are two embodiments of the
present disclosure and are not intended to be limiting in their
configuration. The thru-opening and tab designs may come in any of
various shapes and sizes that are suitable for ensuring a stable
electrical connection between the package and the peg. For example,
FIG. 5 (FIG. 5) illustrates another embodiment of a package 500
having a thru opening 502 dimensioned to receive a peg (not shown).
Like the packages of the FIGS. 3 and 4, the thru opening 502
includes a first tab 504 and a second tab 506, but in this
embodiment, rather than a generally straight conductive bottom edge
on each tab, the first tab 504 and second 506 include curved bottom
edges 508 and 510, respectively.
[0028] In some cases, the extra material provided by the curved
conductive bottom edge of the tabs can aid in electrical contact
with the flat portions of the peg. FIG. 6 (FIG. 6) illustrates
still another embodiment of a package 600 having a thru opening 602
dimensioned to receive a peg (not shown). Again, the thru opening
602 includes a first tab 604 and a second tab 606, but in this
embodiment, rather than a single point of contact between the
conductive bottom edge of each tab, the first tab 604 and the
second tab 606 each include a plurality of fingers 608 and 610,
respectively. The fingers may generally increase the flexibility of
the tabs thereby making the package easier to slide back and forth
on the peg while still maintaining suitable electrical connection
between the conductive edges of the fingers and the conductive
portions of the peg. Similarly, FIG. 7 (FIG. 7) illustrates yet
another embodiment of a package 700 having a thru opening 702
dimensioned to receive a peg (not shown). Again, the thru opening
702 includes a first tab 704 and a second tab 706. Each of the
first and second tabs have a conductive edge 708 and 710,
respectively. Each tab also has a tear relief 712 and 714,
respectively, extending from a conductive edge into a portion of
each tab. The tear reliefs are configured to split the tab when
moved on the peg to aid in the bending of the tabs.
[0029] Again, this feature of the tabs may generally assist in
ensuring suitable electrical connection between the conductive
edges of the fingers and the conductive portions of the peg during
movement of the package. While FIG. 7 shows the tear reliefs 712,
714 as generally through the center of the tabs 704, 706, it is to
be understood that the tear relief could be located anywhere on the
tabs or that more than one tear relief per tab could be used.
Moreover, the tear reliefs could be located adjacent to one or both
sides of the tabs, extending from the thru-opening into the
package, rather than being disposed on the tabs themselves.
[0030] FIG. 8 (FIG. 8) is illustrates another possible embodiment
of package 800 having a thru-opening 802 dimensioned to receive a
peg (not shown). In this embodiment, the thru-opening 802 has
plurality of tabs 804 extending from an edge 806 of the thru
opening. FIG. 8 shows five tabs 804, however, it will be understood
that more or fewer tabs may be present in the thru-opening 802. At
least two of the plurality of tabs include conductive bottom edges
808 and 810 configured to be in electrical contact with conductive
surfaces of the peg. In this thru-opening configuration, the
plurality of tabs 804 form an aperture 812 through which the peg
passes having a generally smaller diameter than the peg. In this
fashion, the plurality of tabs bend as the package 800 is placed on
the peg and the at least two conductive tabs are in stable
electrical connection with the peg.
[0031] As mentioned above, like the tabs, the thru-opening of the
package can have any shape and design suitable for hanging the
package on a peg. FIG. 9 (FIG. 9) illustrates a package 900 having
a thru-opening 902 dimensioned to receive a peg (not shown). The
thru-opening 902, rather than being completely enclosed as in the
previous embodiments, is open on at least one side forming a
J-hook. In this regard, the package 900 can be placed on the peg
from the side as well as from the front of the peg. The
thru-opening 902 further includes at least two tabs 904 and 906,
each having conductive edges configured to be in electrical contact
with a conductive portion of the peg. Any of the previously
described tab designs can also be used with the J-hook
configuration of the thru-opening 902 of the package 900.
[0032] The electrically conductive portions of the package and peg,
for example the bottom edges and the angled side surfaces,
respectively, are formed by the presence of an electrically
conductive ink or film disposed in or on those portions. The peg
itself may be formed from a polymeric material. A portion or the
entire circumference of the peg may be coated with a dielectric or
a nonconductive insulating material. The electrically conductive
portions (i.e., a sensor) can be attached to or formed as a coating
along one or more surfaces of the circumference of the peg. The peg
may also be covered with a flexible sleeve. The flexible sleeve may
be adhesive backed in order to remain affixed to the peg. The
flexible sleeve can completely surround the peg core, or it can
cover a top portion (e.g. the top surface and the angled side
surfaces), or it can cover just the angled side surfaces. The
flexible sleeve may cover the entire length of the peg or it may
cover only a portion of the length. One or more electrically
conductive wires may be embedded in the flexible sleeve. The
flexible sleeve of the peg may then function as an electrically
conductive terminal for contacting a package hung on the peg and
the interactive display system.
[0033] The embedded electrical terminals of the flexible sleeve can
be printed using conductive inks or conventional circuitry. In
another embodiment, conductive ink traces can be in-molded into the
electrically conductive portions of the peg. In-molding conductive
ink is known in the art and generally involves placing a preformed
circuit on a thermoformable structure. Whether in-molding or
affixing a flexible sleeve, the conductive ink traces can be
printed using a variety of processes used to deposit the various
ink layers, including, without limitation, screen printing, gravure
printing, flexographic printing, off-set printing, intaglio
printing, letter press printing, pad printing, ink jet printing,
bubble jet printing, and the like.
[0034] Similarly, the package may include one or more resistive
elements. Like the electrical terminals of the peg, the resistive
element may be formed using conductive inks. The resistive element
may be formed, printed, or otherwise affixed onto the package on a
portion of the package which contacts the peg when hung thereon,
such as, for example, the first and second tabs of the package thru
opening. The conductive ink traces of the resistive element
complete an electrical connection between the terminals of the peg.
The conductive ink can be solid on the tabs, or the conductive ink
can form a hatched, serpentine, or other suitable pattern on the
tab that reduces conductive ink usage compared to a solid pattern.
FIG. 10 ("FIG. 10") shows an embodiment of a package 1000 with a
back panel 1002 defining a thru opening 1004. The thru opening 1004
includes a first tab 1006 and a second tab 1008 configured for
electrical contact with a peg (not shown). A resistive element 1010
is disposed, whether by printing or affixing, on the back panel
1002. The conductive ink trace terminals 1012 and 1014 extend down
the first and second tabs providing electrical contact points at
least at the bottom edge of each tab. When the tabs of the package
1000 are in contact with the peg, an electrically conductive loop
is formed.
[0035] The resistive element of the thru opening can have a
resistance of about 1 k ohm to about 200 k ohm, specifically about
15 k ohm to about 150 k ohm, and more specifically about 30 k ohm
to about 100 k ohm. The gravitational force exerted on the package
hanging from the peg generally provides a reliable connection along
the angled side surfaces of the peg, given the novel configuration
of the thru opening and the corresponding peg dimensions. The
weight of the package and the product contents are effective in
applying the force through the first and second tabs to the peg
surface(s). In one embodiment, the weight of the package is about 5
grams ("g") to 500 g, specifically about 15 g to about 150 g, and
more specifically about 30 g to 95 g.
[0036] As mentioned previously, the peg and package described
herein can together form part of an interactive product display
system (an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 1). While the
embodiments shown herein have comprised packages with a single thru
opening hung on a single peg, it will be understood that more thru
openings and more pegs can be used. For example, heavier packages
than described above might require two or more pegs for support,
rather than simply a larger diameter peg. As such, the package
would, obviously, have the same number of thru openings as the
number of pegs being used. Each peg and each thru opening may be in
electrical contact and close a circuit therebetween, or only one
pair of the multiple peg and thru openings may be in electrical
contact. Moreover, a peg may have multiple segments along its
depth/length, such that each segment has a different electrical
current running across that segment.
[0037] The interactive product display systems provide automatic
sensing of product on the peg to track stocked inventory. The
feedback data from the automatic sensing capability can be used for
inventory control, theft notification, misplaced product
notification, and the like. For example, each package can have a
preselected resistivity, which represents a particular product in
the package. When multiple packages of the same product are placed
on the peg, the system can determine the number of packages on the
peg by the amount of electrical current traveling between the
terminals given a known voltage drop. Moreover, the interactive
product display system may be capable of determining when a package
is placed on the wrong peg. For example, if a package of product A
and a package of product B were placed on the same peg, the system
would recognize that one of the packages is on the wrong peg,
because the electrical current traveling on the peg would not be
what the system expects to detect.
[0038] While the above examples relate specifically to packages
having resistive elements, the present disclosure may also apply to
packages RC values or capacitive values. Moreover, the packages can
include a radio frequency identifier ("RFID"). The RFIC may be
passive RFID and it may be chipless RFID, as well. In some
embodiments, the RFID may be electrically coupled to the resistive
element of the package.
[0039] These valuable features of the interactive product display
system, as well as others not specifically mentioned, are only
useful as long as there is complete and consistent electrical
contact between the package and the peg. The specific package and
peg features described herein ensure such an electrical connection
exists and present a significant improvement over conventional
package/peg interaction. Due to their unique design, the packages
of the present invention can remain in electrical contact with the
peg even when the package is moved on the peg, such as being bumped
by moving product on adjacent pegs, disrupted by a consumer, or
slid forward/backward on the peg by a retailer adding or removing
packages thereon.
[0040] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm."
[0041] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced
or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise
limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it
is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed
herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other
reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such
invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of
a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of
the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning
or definition assigned to that term in this document shall
govern.
[0042] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *