U.S. patent application number 14/824663 was filed with the patent office on 2016-02-18 for sports shoe.
This patent application is currently assigned to MAVIC S.A.S. The applicant listed for this patent is MAVIC S.A.S. Invention is credited to Gerald Delgorgue, Jacques JOURDE-AUTIER.
Application Number | 20160044988 14/824663 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51688127 |
Filed Date | 2016-02-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160044988 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Delgorgue; Gerald ; et
al. |
February 18, 2016 |
SPORTS SHOE
Abstract
A shoe designed to cooperate with an apparatus through a
pedaling action, the shoe including a base extending lengthwise
from a rear end to a front end, widthwise between a lateral side
and a medial side, and depthwise between a surface for cooperating
with the apparatus and an inner surface, the base having, from the
rear end to the front end, a rear zone, a central zone, a
metatarsal zone, and a front zone, the shoe including a lateral
wall and a medial wall. The lateral wall and the medial wall are
affixed directly to the base, and the base, the lateral wall, and
the medial wall are rigid subdivisions of the shoe.
Inventors: |
Delgorgue; Gerald;
(Ruffieux, FR) ; JOURDE-AUTIER; Jacques; (Seynod,
FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MAVIC S.A.S |
Metz-Tessy |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
MAVIC S.A.S
Metz-Tessy
FR
|
Family ID: |
51688127 |
Appl. No.: |
14/824663 |
Filed: |
August 12, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/131 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B 13/026 20130101;
A43B 3/16 20130101; A43B 5/14 20130101; A43C 15/16 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A43B 5/14 20060101
A43B005/14; A43C 15/16 20060101 A43C015/16 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 13, 2014 |
FR |
14/01845 |
Claims
1. A sports shoe for cooperating with an apparatus through a
pedaling action, the shoe comprising: a base extending lengthwise
from a rear end to a front end, widthwise between a lateral edge
and a medial edge, and depthwise between a surface for cooperation
with the apparatus and an inner surface; the base having, from the
end rear to the front end, a rear zone, a central zone, a
metatarsal zone, and a front zone, the shoe comprising a lateral
wall and a medial wall; and the lateral wall and the medial wall
being affixed directly to the base, and the base, the lateral wall,
and the medial wall being rigid subdivisions of the shoe.
2. A sports shoe according to claim 1, further comprising: a rear
wall affixed directly to the base and a front wall affixed directly
to the base, the rear and front walls being rigid subdivisions of
the shoe, the rear, lateral, front, and medial walls forming a
peripheral belt.
3. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: the base and each
of the walls form a part having a continuous unitary structure.
4. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: at least one of the
walls has through openings.
5. A sports shoe according to claim 1, further comprising: an upper
opening extending so as to be opposite the rear zone, opposite the
central zone, and at least partially opposite the metatarsal
zone.
6. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: the base and the
walls are made of a plastic material.
7. A sports shoe according to claim 6, wherein: the base has a
thickness between 1.0 and 6.0 mm; and each wall has a thickness
between 1.0 and 3.0 mm.
8. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: the base and the
walls are made of fibers and/or fiber portions affixed to one
another by a matrix of synthetic material.
9. A sports shoe according to claim 8, wherein: the fibers and/or
fiber portions are mainly made of carbon.
10. A sports shoe according to claim 8, wherein: the base and each
of the walls has a thickness between 0.3 and 2.0 mm.
11. A sports shoe according to claim 8, wherein: each wall has a
thickness between 50 and 150% of a thickness of the base.
12. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: the base has a
substantially uniform thickness at least in the central and
metatarsal zones.
13. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: the base has a
substantially uniform thickness in the central zone, the metatarsal
zone and within each of the front and rear zones.
14. A sports shoe according to claim 12, wherein: each of the walls
has a respective rigidity substantially equal to a rigidity of the
base within planes of respective thicknesses of the walls and
base.
15. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: the cooperation
surface is flat in the metatarsal zone.
16. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: in the metatarsal
zone, the cooperation surface has a convex curvature in the
longitudinal direction and a straight curvature in the transverse
direction.
17. A sports shoe according to claim 16, wherein: the longitudinal
convexity of the cooperation surface has a radius or radii of
curvature of between 150 and 250 mm.
18. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: in the metatarsal
zone, the cooperation surface has a convex curvature in the
longitudinal direction and a convex curvature in the transverse
direction.
19. A sports shoe according to claim 18, wherein: the longitudinal
convexity of the cooperation surface has a radius or radii of
curvature of between 150 and 250 mm; and the transverse convexity
of the cooperation surface has a radius or the radii of curvature
of between 150 and 250 mm.
20. A sports shoe according to claim 1, further comprising: a cleat
arranged in the metatarsal zone, the cleat being provided to
cooperate with a pedal of the apparatus.
21. A sports shoe according to claim 20, wherein: the cleat
comprises at least one screw having a head located on a side of the
inner surface.
22. A sports shoe according to claim 20, wherein: in the metatarsal
zone, the base has a cavity open on a side of the inner
surface.
23. A sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein: in the metatarsal
zone, a spacer is arranged so as to be opposite the cooperation
surface.
24. A sports shoe according to claim 1, further comprising: a
device for tightening the lateral and medial walls.
25. A sports shoe according to claim 1, further comprising: a
liner.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is based upon French Patent Application No.
FR 14/01845, filed Aug. 13, 2014, the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by reference thereto in its entirety, and the priority
of which is claimed under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Field of Invention
[0003] The invention relates to a shoe adapted to cooperate with an
apparatus through a pedaling action, and relates more particularly
to cases in which the apparatus is a vehicle. A shoe according to
the invention can be used with a bike, a delivery tricycle, a
go-kart, an indoor training machine, or any other apparatus
requiring a pedaling action.
[0004] 2. Background Information
[0005] In the field of cycling, for example, the shoe cooperates
with a pedal of the apparatus, namely the bike in this case,
particularly to make it move forward. The shoe serves, among other
functions, to transmit driving or steering forces or impulses, to
transmit sensory information, or to return the reactions of the
ground or of the apparatus itself to the cyclist. To fulfill these
functions, the prior art has proposed structures for the shoes used
in the respective fields involved.
[0006] Traditionally, a cycling shoe comprises at least a sole
assembly and an upper, defining a fitting volume, and often also
comprises a wedge, or cleat, for connection to the pedal. The first
two elements are described below.
[0007] First, the sole assembly includes a subdivision referred to
as the outer sole assembly. This is a rigid subdivision of the shoe
in the sense that it should not bend, or should bend only very
slightly, longitudinally. This means that it should preferably not
be deformed in bending along a transverse axis of the shoe, the
axis being parallel to the sole assembly, in particular to better
transmit forces coming from a user's lower leg to the pedal. To
this end, the outer sole assembly typically includes one or more
layers of materials from which it inherits its mechanical
properties, including bending strength. In EP 0 749 704-B1, for
example, a middle sole layer is employed that both rigidifies and
thickens the sole and more greatly spaces apart the user's foot and
the axis of rotation of the pedal.
[0008] Second, the upper is a subdivision of the shoe adapted to
cover the foot. The upper generally comprises a number of elements,
such as a lateral quarter, a medial quarter, a vamp, a tongue, a
heel, a rear stiffener, a protective toe-cap, a tightening device,
an inner liner, and the like. The shoe is manufactured by
assembling and three-dimensionally shaping elements that are cut
and assembled flat, that is to say, in two dimensions.
Conventionally, the upper is associated with a lasting sole to
demarcate a footwear element. According to a first method, the
upper is glued to the lasting sole using an adhesive layer. The
lasting sole, also referred to as the lasting board, is relatively
rigid to withstand the assembly process. The gluing operation is
carried out by pulling the upper in relation to the shoe form, or
last, and pressing it onto the lasting board, with the last is
positioned in the upper. This is the traditional shoe lasting
assembly. This technique makes it possible to exert sufficient
pressure when heating the adhesive in order to obtain the footwear
element. A second method, also known, involves obtaining the
footwear element by stitching the upper to the lasting board. This
is referred to as the Strobel lasting assembly. The lasting board
in this case is a more flexible stitchable sole, referred to as the
Strobel sole. For each of the first and second methods, the lasting
board is integral with the sole assembly in a broad sense. In fact,
the sole assembly can be considered to comprise at least the outer
sole assembly and the lasting board. Finally, the shoe is mainly
formed by the association of the footwear element with the
constituent parts of the sole assembly. This means that the shoe
comprises a sole assembly and an upper.
[0009] In general, a shoe according to the prior art is
satisfactory, in the sense that it enables each user to properly
operate his/her apparatus. Indeed, the user is able to transmit
steering forces or thrusts, or to perceive sensory information, as
well as reactions of the ground or of the apparatus itself.
However, it is still apparent that a shoe according to the prior
art has disadvantages.
[0010] First, it is a source of fatigue, especially during intense
uses, such as in sporting events, for example. In other words, it
can be said that the performance of a shoe according to the prior
art is insufficient. This means that the user must supply more
energy than theoretically required for the use of the apparatus. A
reason for this is the overly large gap between the foot and the
axis of rotation of the pedal. Indeed, it is known that the closer
to the pedal axis the sole of the foot gets, the better the
pedaling efficiency will be. Another reason is the relatively
substantial weight of the shoe, which has the effect, for example,
of increasing its mechanical inertia.
[0011] Secondly, a shoe according to the prior art has a
complicated structure, thereby making it time-consuming and
expensive to manufacture.
SUMMARY
[0012] In view of the foregoing, the invention generally seeks to
improve a shoe and, more particularly, a shoe designed to cooperate
with an apparatus through a pedaling action. In particular, the
invention increases pedaling efficiency and reduces user fatigue.
This means that the invention seeks to improve the performance
related to use, for example during sporting events. The invention
also seeks to reduce the cost and manufacturing time of a shoe, the
underlying idea being to simplify the structure of the shoe.
[0013] To this end, the invention provides a shoe designed to
cooperate with an apparatus through a pedaling action, the shoe
comprising a base extending lengthwise from a rear end to a front
end, widthwise between a lateral side and a medial side, and
depthwise between a surface for cooperation with the apparatus and
an inner surface, the base having, from the rear end to the front
end, a rear zone, a central zone, a metatarsal zone, and a front
zone, the shoe comprising a lateral wall and a medial wall.
[0014] The lateral wall and medial wall of the shoe according to
the invention are directly affixed to the base, and in that the
base, the lateral wall and medial wall are rigid subdivisions of
the shoe. For example, the lateral and medial walls are rigid
within their respective planes, that is, in the planes of their
respective thicknesses and can have the same substantial rigidities
and inextensibilities within their respective thicknesses.
[0015] Due to this arrangement, the lateral and medial walls
contribute to the longitudinal bending strength of the shoe. In
other words, these walls preclude bending of the shoe along a
transverse axis thereof, the axis being parallel to the base. This
is a structural and functional difference in relation to a shoe
according to the prior art, for which the bending strength is
achieved at least in large part, if not entirely, by the outer sole
assembly. It can be said that the invention modifies the
distribution of forces caused by the longitudinal bending stresses,
the invention locating these forces substantially in the area of
the lateral wall and the medial wall. By corollary, the invention
makes it possible to produce a shoe having a base with reduced
thickness in relation to that of a sole assembly of a shoe
according to the prior art, in order to obtain a shoe with
satisfactory bending strength, since the lateral and medial walls
participate in this bending strength.
[0016] The resulting technical effects include the foot being
brought closer to the cooperation surface of the base. Given that
the latter takes support on the pedal, as will be better understood
from the following description, the sole of the foot becomes closer
to the axis of rotation of the pedal. Therefore, advantageously,
pedaling efficiency increases and user fatigue is reduced.
[0017] Another technical effect resulting from the reduction in
thickness of the base is a reduced weight of the lower region of
the shoe. In the invention, this region is lighter than the same
region in a shoe according to the prior art, thereby resulting in
the entire shoe being lighter. It can be said that the invention
reduces the mechanical inertia of the shoe. A resulting advantage
is, again, a reduction in user fatigue.
[0018] Two technical effects, namely, the reduction in the distance
between the foot and the pedal axis, on the one hand, and the
reduction in mass of the shoe, on the other hand, are combined to
reduce user fatigue and to improve user performance.
[0019] Other advantages result from a shoe according to the
invention having a simplified structure in relation to a shoe
according to prior art, in the sense that it is manufactured with a
reduced number of parts. This results in a reduction in
manufacturing costs and manufacturing time.
[0020] Generally speaking, it can be said that the invention
improves a shoe designed to cooperate with an apparatus through a
pedaling action.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will
better understood from the following description, in reference to
the annexed drawings illustrating, by way of non-limiting
embodiments, how the invention may be embodied, and in which:
[0022] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a complete shoe and a
pedal adapted to receive the shoe, according to a first embodiment
of the invention;
[0023] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of constituent
portions of the shoe according to FIG. 1;
[0024] FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of a constituent portion
of the shoe according to FIG. 1;
[0025] FIG. 4 is an exploded partial, perspective front view of the
portion according to FIG. 3;
[0026] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the line V-V of FIG.
1;
[0027] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the line VI-VI of
FIG. 1;
[0028] FIG. 7 is a schematic transverse cross section of the shoe
of FIG. 1, in a case in which it is supported on the pedal;
[0029] FIG. 8 is a view similar to that according to FIG. 5, for a
second embodiment of the invention;
[0030] FIG. 9 is a view similar to that according to FIG. 5, for a
third embodiment of the invention; and
[0031] FIG. 10 is a view similar to that according to FIG. 5, for a
fourth embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] Embodiments within the scope of the invention that are
described below relate more specifically to a cycling shoe.
However, the invention applies to other fields such as those
mentioned above.
[0033] A first embodiment is described with reference to FIGS. 1 to
7. First, FIG. 1 shows a shoe 1 to receive the foot of the user,
and a pedal 2 designed to cooperate with the shoe. The pedal is not
further described in detail herein, as it is well-known to one of
ordinary skill in the art.
[0034] Conventionally, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 4, the shoe 1
comprises a base 3 extending lengthwise along a longitudinal
direction L, from a rear end 4 to a front end 5; widthwise along a
transverse direction W, between a lateral side 6 and a medial side
7; and depthwise between a surface 8 for cooperation with the
apparatus and an inner surface 9. As described below, the
cooperation surface 8 can come into contact with the pedal 2
directly or indirectly. Also, the inner surface 9 can come into
contact with the foot of the user directly or indirectly, as
further described below.
[0035] The base 3 of the shoe, from the rear end 4 to the front end
5, includes a rear zone 11 provided to be opposite and under the
heel of the foot, a central zone 12 provided to be opposite the
arch of the foot, a metatarsal zone 13, positioned forward of the
central zone and provided to be opposite the metatarsus, and a
front region 14 provided to be opposite the toes.
[0036] The shoe also includes a lateral wall 15 and a medial wall
16, which are described in more detail below.
[0037] According to the invention, the lateral wall 15 and medial
wall 16 are directly affixed to the base 3 and the base 3, the
lateral wall 15, and the medial wall 16 are respective rigid
subdivisions of the shoe. A subdivision is a portion of the shoe.
This means that, although they may be flexible, the subdivisions
cannot lengthen or shorten under normal conditions of use. In other
words, these portions do not have an elastic deformation property
enabling them to lengthen or shorten and, thus, cannot form folds
or creases. Consequently, the base 3, the lateral wall 15, and the
medial wall 16 demarcate a rigid housing for receiving the foot of
the wearer. Due to this arrangement, the lateral 15 and medial 16
walls participate in the longitudinal bending strength of the shoe,
at least in the areas of junction with the base. In other words,
these walls prevent the shoe from bending along a transverse axis
of the shoe, the axis being parallel to the base. This is a
functional difference in relation to a shoe according to the prior
art, for which the bending strength is achieved at least in large
part, if not entirely, by the outer sole assembly. It can be said
that the invention modifies the distribution of the forces caused
by the longitudinal bending stresses, the invention localizing
these forces substantially in the area of the lateral wall and in
the area of the medial wall. The lateral wall 15 is continuous
along the entire length of the base 3, in the sense that it extends
along the rear zone 11, the central zone 12, the metatarsal zone
13, and the front zone 14. Similarly, the medial wall 16 is
continuous along the entire length of the base 3, in the sense that
it extends along the rear zone 11, the central zone 12, the
metatarsal zone 13, and the front zone 14. Consequently, the
invention provides the base here with a reduced thickness in
relation to that of a sole assembly of a shoe according to the
prior art, in order to obtain a shoe with satisfactory bending
strength.
[0038] According to the first embodiment, the shoe 1 comprises a
rear wall 17 affixed directly to the base 3 and a front wall 18
affixed directly to the base 3, the rear 17 and front 18 walls
being rigid subdivisions of the shoe, the rear 17, lateral 15,
front 18, and medial 16 walls forming a peripheral belt. This means
that the rear 17, lateral 15, front 18, and medial 16 walls are
co-extensive with one another around the base 3. The rear wall 17
and the front wall 18 do not have an elastic deformation property
enabling them to lengthen or shorten and, thus, cannot form folds
or creases. For example, these walls are rigid within their
respective planes, that is, in the planes of their respective
thicknesses. Consequently, it is the base 3, the rear wall 17, the
lateral wall 15, the front wall 18, and the medial wall 16 which
demarcate the rigid housing for receiving the foot. Due to this
arrangement, the assembly formed by the base 3 and the walls 15,
16, 17, 18 demarcates a fitting volume that is rigid in
longitudinal bending, and also rigid in torsion. This increases the
ability of the shoe to transmit steering forces, sensory
information, reactions of the ground or of the apparatus, and the
like.
[0039] Without being limiting, the base 3 and each of the walls 15,
16, 17, 18 form a cradle-shaped element having a continuous unitary
structure. This means, for example, that each of the walls 15, 16,
17, 18 is an extension of the base in a direction away from the
inner surface 9. This is the simplest structure, which has the
advantage of ease of manufacture and a lower production cost due to
its unitary configuration. This does not, however, preclude from
alternatively providing embodiments in which at least one or all of
the walls are attached and affixed to the base, by any means such
as gluing or any equivalent.
[0040] The rear wall 17 is strictly convex outside of the shoe and,
therefore, strictly concave inside of the shoe, that is to say,
opposite the fitting volume. Consequently, the rear wall has a
rounded shape which, on the outside, facilitates the rolling
movement of the foot during walking and, on the inside, surrounds
and maintains the heel of the foot, in the manner of a bowl.
"Rolling movement" refers to the flexibility of the foot during
walking and particularly, the flexing of the foot, such as that at
the metatarsal-phalangeal joint during walking, which is
facilitated by the shoe of the invention.
[0041] The front wall 18 is also strictly convex outside of the
shoe and, therefore, it is strictly concave inside of the shoe,
opposite the fitting volume. It follows that the front wall has a
rounded shape which, outside of the shoe, facilitates the rolling
movement of the foot during walking and which, inside of the shoe,
covers the toes.
[0042] At least one of the walls 15, 16, 17, 18 has openings 21.
These opening are all designated by the same reference numeral for
reasons of convenience. Without being limiting, the lateral wall 15
has a plurality of openings, and the medial wall 16 has a plurality
of openings. Some of these openings also extend in the area of the
rear wall 17. It may be optionally provided to arrange openings in
the area of the front wall 18. In any case, the openings lighten
the shoe, and also provide aeration of the fitting volume. This
arrangement contributes to improving performance because the
removal of material reduces the mechanical inertia, on the one
hand, and improves comfort by evacuating a portion of the moisture
and/or heat generated by the foot. This arrangement still allows a
certain transverse flexibility to adapt to the contour of the foot
when tightening the lateral and medial walls, as discussed
below.
[0043] Still in relation to the arrangement of the walls, the shoe
1 has an upper opening 22 extending opposite the rear zone 11,
opposite the central zone 12, and at least partially opposite the
metatarsal zone 13. This enables passage of the foot to put the
shoe on or to remove it. In addition, the shoe comprises a device
23 for tightening the lateral 15 and medial 16 walls. By its
action, the tightening device 23 enables the foot to be held in the
fitting volume during use of the shoe. Indeed, the lateral wall 15
has a free end 25 and the medial wall 16 has a free end 26, these
ends being biased towards one another by the tightening device 23
when actuated by the user. This is possible because, although their
constituent material is rigid, the lateral 15 and medial 16 walls
are deformable in transverse bending in the area of their
respective free ends, along the direction W. Conversely, the walls
do not deform in transverse bending in the area of the base 3,
because they are affixed thereto. Only the free ends 25, 26 of the
walls can bend like only the end of a diving board can bend, if
comparison is to be used to describe this phenomenon. In fact,
embodiments can be provided, in which the thickness of the lateral
wall and/or the thickness of the medial wall decreases in a
direction from the base 3 to the free end 25, 26.
[0044] By way of non-limiting example, the tightening device 23
includes lateral keepers 27, medial keepers 28, a linkage 29 that
runs through the keepers, and possibly a linkage-blocking
mechanism. The linkage-blocking mechanism is not illustrated,
although it could be embodied by or based upon a mechanism such as
disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,477,593 or U.S. Pat. No.
5,956,823, the disclosures of which are hereby
incorporated-by-reference thereto in their entireties. A keeper is
an arrangement provided to guide the linkage, such as a hole in the
context of an eyelet, a hook, a fork with a pulley, or any
equivalent element. The linkage may be a string or cable section,
or the like.
[0045] Still with respect to the first embodiment of the invention,
and without being limiting, the base 3 and the walls 15, 16, 17, 18
here are comprised of fibers and/or fiber portions affixed to one
another by a matrix of synthetic material. This association of
materials offers multiple possibilities for the development of the
rigid housing that receives the foot. For example, the fibers
and/or fiber portions are mainly made of carbon. This material
makes the base and the walls, that is to say, the housing for the
foot, both rigid and lightweight. Consequently, the shoe is
well-suited to sporting and intense use. For example, the matrix of
synthetic material, that is to say, the material used as a binder
to the fibers, is a thermosetting resin, a thermoforming material
such as polyurethane or the like, or any equivalent material. With
respect to the fibers, as an alternative to carbon, it is possible
to use glass, which is economical, or aramid, for its mechanical
properties which, in certain cases, represent an advantageous
alternative in relation to the properties of carbon, or the
like.
[0046] With respect to dimensions, still in the case of use of
fibers, the thicknesses of the base 3 and of the walls 15, 16, 17,
18 are between 0.3 and 2.0 mm, with values between 0.5 and 1.0 mm
having yielded good results. In a particular embodiment, the
thicknesses of the walls can be substantially the same and even
substantially the same as that of the base. In any event, the part
formed by the base and the walls is thin, particularly in the area
of the base, as compared with the outer sole assembly of a shoe
according to the prior art and, further, it is relatively thin from
front to rear, including in the middle, such as in the central zone
and in the metatarsal zone. Therefore, the shoe according to the
invention enables the foot to be located closer to the axis
rotation of the pedal, which in particular results in improved
pedaling efficiency. The resulting advantages include reduced
fatigue for a given effort, or improved performance during intense
sporting events.
[0047] In a non-limiting fashion, still in the case of use of
fibers, the thickness of each wall 15, 16, 17, 18 can be
constructed to be between 50 and 150% of the thickness of the base
3. This homogenizes the structure of the part formed by the base
and the walls. A resulting advantage is a simple and easy
manufacture. Indeed, it suffices to apply one or more layers of
fibers evenly on a last, that is to say, an element having a
geometry similar to that of a foot, and to make the matrix rigid,
in order to obtain the part.
[0048] Alternatively, but still in the context of the first
embodiment of the invention, the base 3 and the walls 15, 16, 17,
18 are made of a plastic material. In the case in which the base
and the walls form a part having a continuous structure, the
plastic material may be implemented using any known technique, such
as injection molding, three dimensional printing using a special
printer, cutting a block of material by means of a five-axis
numerical control machine, for example, or by any other suitable
technique. The material injection has the advantage of speed of
manufacture. The three-dimensional printing has the advantage of
ease of modification, in the sense that a simple programming change
makes it possible to modify the technical characteristics of the
shoe. For example, it can be very simple to modify the thickness of
the base or of a wall. In any case, the part obtained is simple,
compared to what is proposed in the prior art, due to its unitary
structure.
[0049] With respect to dimensions, for the invention and still in
the case of use of a plastic material, the thickness of the base 3
is between 1.0 and 6.0 mm, and the thickness of each wall 15, 16,
17 18 is between 1.0 and 3.0 mm. In certain cases, as mentioned
above, the wall thickness decreases towards the free ends. The
noted values are conventional in the field of plastic material
injection. They can also easily be obtained by implementing the
other techniques mentioned above.
[0050] It has been shown that the first embodiment of the invention
is directed to a cycling shoe. Thus, as shown particularly in FIG.
4, the shoe non-essentially comprises a cleat 31, or wedge,
arranged in the metatarsal zone 13, the cleat being designed to
cooperate with a pedal 2 of the apparatus. Well known to one with
ordinary skill in the art, the cleat is not described in detail
herein, although it can take any of different structures and
styles. Nevertheless, the cleat 31 includes a plurality of
elements, such as an inner plate 32, outer fastening elements 33,
34, and screws 35 for affixing the inner plate to the fastening
elements by extending through the base 3. The cleat 31 ensures
precise retention of the shoe 1 in relation to the pedal 2.
Consequently, the steering performance is more consistent.
According to the first embodiment, the cleat 31 comprises at least
one screw 35 whose head 36 is located on the side of the inner
surface 9 of the base 3. In fact, for each screw, the head 36 is
located on the side of the inner surface 9 and positioned, for
example, in the thickness of the inner plate 32. This reduces the
space requirement of the cleat 31 within the fitting volume,
thereby enabling the foot to remain as close to the pedal as
possible during operation of the bicycle or other apparatus. It
already been shown that this proximity helps to achieve greater
pedaling efficiency.
[0051] FIGS. 5 and 6 show that, in the metatarsal zone 13, the base
3 has a cavity 37 open towards the inner surface 9. This cavity
receives the plate 32 of the cleat 31, as well as the heads 36 of
the screws 35. Thus, the plate and the screw heads are flush with
the remainder of the inner surface 9 of the base 3. In other words,
the plate 32 and the screws 35 do not project above the portion of
the inner surface 9 that extends around the cavity 37. This enables
the foot to be placed in the shoe without hindrance, for greater
comfort of use.
[0052] Without it being mandatory, and still with respect to FIGS.
5 and 6, the shoe 1 comprises a liner 38. Again, this element is
well-known to one with ordinary skill in the art, and is not
described in further detail. The liner, for example, is intended to
provide a certain level of comfort to the user. It can be removably
mounted in the shoe 1, thereby facilitating its replacement or its
temporary removal to access the screws 35, for example. Through
this access, it is possible to act on the screws, for example to
loosen and then tighten them, in order to adjust the position of
the cleat 31 in relation to the base 3. The access is easier as the
upper opening 22 of the shoe 1 extends up to the metatarsal zone
13. Because the plate 32 and the heads 36 of the screws 35 are
positioned in the cavity 37, the positioning and removal of the
liner are carried out freely, without hindrance.
[0053] Further, in the metatarsal zone 13, the cooperation surface
8 has a convex curvature in the longitudinal direction and a convex
curvature in the transverse direction. In other words, the
cooperation surface 8 has a convex boss in the area of the
metatarsal zone. The base 3 is convex in all directions, on the
side of the cooperation surface 8, in the metatarsal zone 13. This
makes it possible to position the shoe 1 on the pedal 2 by
movements with three rotational degrees of freedom, in the manner
of a ball and socket joint. A resulting advantage is the
possibility to adjust the position of the shoe 1, on the pedal, in
a manner that is convenient to most or all users.
[0054] By way of non-limiting example, the cooperation surface 8
has a spherical boss in the area of the metatarsal area. In other
words, the boss is circular in all directions, particularly in the
longitudinal direction and transverse direction. The boss, in this
case, is a spherical portion. The radius of curvature is constant,
and it is the same in all directions.
[0055] Alternatively, as another non-limiting example, the radius
of curvature varies either in one direction or in multiple
directions, or in all directions.
[0056] In terms of values, the radius or radii of curvature RL1 of
the longitudinal convexity of the cooperation surface 8 is between
150 and 250 mm, and the radius or radii of curvature RW1 of the
transverse convexity of the cooperation surface is between 150 and
250 mm. These values are given by way of example. Good results have
been obtained with radii between 170 and 200 mm. Further, the
fastening elements 33, 34 of the cleat 31 follow the longitudinal
convexity of the cooperation surface 8 along one or more radii of
curvature RL2, on the one hand, and the transverse convexity of the
cooperation surface 8 along one or more radii of curvature RW2.
[0057] A schematic synthesis of the result provided by the
invention, according to the first embodiment, is shown in FIG. 7.
The latter simply shows the distance d measured between the lower
surface P of the foot and the axis A of the pedal 2. The lower
surface of the foot is located in the area of the inner surface 9
of the base 3 in the case in which the shoe is devoid of a liner or
of an inner sole. The lower surface of the foot is located in the
area of a surface of a liner or of an inner sole for receiving the
foot, in the case in which the shoe is provided therewith. In all
configurations, the shoe according to the invention brings the foot
closer to the pedal axis by several millimeters, in comparison with
a shoe according to prior art. The approximation is equal to or
greater than 3.0 mm. For example, distances d between 10 and 13 mm
have been measured, whereas the prior art shows distances greater
than or equal to 16 mm.
[0058] Other embodiments of the invention are summarily described
below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10. For reasons of convenience,
it is mainly the differences from the first embodiment that are
highlighted. In addition, the same reference numerals are used for
identical or similar elements seen in the first embodiment.
[0059] Thus, according to FIG. 8, the second embodiment features a
shoe 1, with its base 3 and the edges 6, 7, its lateral 15 and
medial 16 walls, the cleat 31, and the liner 38.
[0060] What is specific to the second embodiment is the geometry of
the cleat 31. Here, the fastening elements 33, 34 follow the
longitudinal and transverse convexities for their affixation to the
cooperation surface 8, but are within a plane G in the area of
contact with the pedal 2. The latter, not shown, has a flat surface
for receiving the shoe. This is simply an alternative embodiment
which enables the use of a bicycle equipped with flat pedals.
[0061] The third embodiment, according to FIG. 9, also features a
shoe 1, with its base 3 and the edges 6, 7, its lateral 15 and
medial 16 walls, the cleat 31, and the liner 38.
[0062] What is specific to the third embodiment is that, in the
metatarsal zone 13, a spacer 41 is arranged so to be opposite the
cooperation surface 8. More specifically, the spacer is interposed
between the base 3 and the cleat 31 in the metatarsal zone 13. This
spacer protects the cooperation surface 8 from possible mechanical
attacks, such as friction or point supports, which could occur, for
example, during a cleat position adjustment, during support on the
ground or on the pedal, or the like. The spacer 41 can be comprised
of a sheet of synthetic material, for example.
[0063] The fourth embodiment, according to FIG. 10, also features a
shoe 1, with its base 3 and the edges 6, 7, its lateral 15 and
medial 16 walls, the cleat 31, and the liner 38.
[0064] What is specific to the fourth embodiment is that, in the
metatarsal zone 13, the cooperation surface 8 has a convex
curvature in the longitudinal direction and a straight curvature in
the transverse direction. The radius or radii of curvature of the
longitudinal convexity of the cooperation surface is between 150
and 250 mm, knowing that good results were obtained for radius
values between 170 and 200 mm. In certain cases, the longitudinal
curvature is along a single radius, there is no curvature in the
transverse direction, and the metatarsal zone has a cylindrical
portion. This alternative embodiment enables the use of a bicycle
equipped with pedals, at least one side of which has a concavity
whose curvature is parallel to the pedal axis.
[0065] In any case, the invention is made from materials and
according to implementation techniques known to one with ordinary
skill in the art.
[0066] The invention is not limited the particular embodiments
described above and shown in the drawings, but it includes all of
the technical equivalents that fall within the scope of the claims
that follow.
[0067] For example, referring to the geometry of the base 3, a case
can be provided, for which the cooperation surface 8 is flat in the
metatarsal zone 13. In this case, if a cleat is used, its surface
intended to be affixed to the base 3 must be flat.
[0068] More generally, the geometries of the base 3 in the
metatarsal zone 13 can continue into an annex zone, in particular
in the front zone 14, and possibly also in the central zone 12.
This means, for example and without it being limiting, that in the
central zone 12, metatarsal zone 13, and front zone 14, the
cooperation surface 8 has a convex curvature in the longitudinal
direction.
[0069] With respect to the characteristics of the materials, it can
indeed be provided to vary the thickness of the base 3 or of one or
more walls. For example, the lateral wall 15, medial wall 16, or
both walls can each have a thickness which decreases from the base
3 to their respective free ends. This further increases the ability
of the shoe to tighten the foot, while maintaining rigidity in the
area of the base 3.
[0070] Further, at least because the invention is disclosed herein
in a manner that enables one to make and use it, by virtue of the
disclosure of particular exemplary embodiments of the invention,
the invention can be practiced in the absence of any additional
element or additional structure that is not specifically disclosed
herein.
* * * * *