U.S. patent application number 14/921322 was filed with the patent office on 2016-02-11 for spill containing refrigerator shelf assembly.
The applicant listed for this patent is SSW Holding Company, Inc.. Invention is credited to John Patrick Driver, Matthew McMillin, Bradley M. Nall.
Application Number | 20160037923 14/921322 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43598033 |
Filed Date | 2016-02-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160037923 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Driver; John Patrick ; et
al. |
February 11, 2016 |
SPILL CONTAINING REFRIGERATOR SHELF ASSEMBLY
Abstract
The specification discloses a method for containing spills on
shelving and the like, and the resulting support members made in
accordance with the method, by providing the generally flat top
surface of a support with a hydrophobic surface which is arranged
in a spill containment pattern and which is generally in the plane
of the top surface of the support. The majority of the top surface
of the support consists of one or more spill containment areas
which are of a non-hydrophobic nature and which are bounded by the
hydrophobic surfaces, such that spills on the shelving collect in
the non-hydrophobic spill containment area or areas and are
prevented from spreading by the hydrophobic surfaces.
Inventors: |
Driver; John Patrick;
(Henryville, IN) ; McMillin; Matthew; (Palmyra,
IN) ; Nall; Bradley M.; (Elizabethtown, KY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SSW Holding Company, Inc. |
Fort Smith |
AR |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
43598033 |
Appl. No.: |
14/921322 |
Filed: |
October 23, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14463469 |
Aug 19, 2014 |
9207012 |
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14921322 |
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13891954 |
May 10, 2013 |
9179773 |
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14463469 |
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13651842 |
Oct 15, 2012 |
8596205 |
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13891954 |
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13000487 |
Mar 11, 2011 |
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PCT/US2009/048775 |
Jun 26, 2009 |
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13651842 |
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12562920 |
Sep 18, 2009 |
8286561 |
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13651842 |
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PCT/US09/48775 |
Jun 26, 2009 |
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12562920 |
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61216540 |
May 18, 2009 |
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61133273 |
Jun 27, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
211/134 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C03C 2218/31 20130101;
F25D 25/024 20130101; F25D 25/02 20130101; C03C 2217/76 20130101;
C03C 2218/34 20130101; F24C 15/10 20130101; F25D 2325/022 20130101;
F25D 2400/22 20130101; A47B 96/021 20130101; Y10T 29/49888
20150115; A47B 95/043 20130101; C03C 17/30 20130101; A47B 96/027
20130101; A47B 96/02 20130101; C03C 15/00 20130101; A47B 96/062
20130101; A47B 96/028 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A47B 96/02 20060101
A47B096/02; F25D 25/02 20060101 F25D025/02; A47B 96/06 20060101
A47B096/06 |
Claims
1. A shelf assembly comprising: a shelf panel having a generally
flat top surface which is capable of supporting articles which may
be placed on said shelf panel; a hydrophobic surface arranged in a
spill containment pattern on said top surface; wherein the majority
of the surface area of said top surface of the shelf panel is not
hydrophobic, thereby providing one or more non-hydrophobic central
portions bounded by said spill containment pattern of said
hydrophobic surface.
2. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said spill containment
pattern is a continuous border which defines a single
non-hydrophobic central portion within said border.
3. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said spill containment
pattern is a continuous border located near the perimeter of the
top surface of the shelf panel.
4. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said spill containment
pattern is located along the perimeter of the top surface of the
shelf panel.
5. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said spill containment
pattern comprises a first continuous border and a second continuous
border spaced from said first continuous border, the first
continuous border located along the perimeter of the top surface of
the shelf panel, and the second continuous border spaced inwardly
from said first continuous border such that the second continuous
border completely bounds a non-hydrophobic central portion of the
top surface of the shelf panel, and the first and second continuous
borders together define between them a non-hydrophobic ring portion
for containing overflow from said non-hydrophobic central
portion.
6. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said spill containment
pattern is in the form of a grid pattern on the top surface of the
shelf panel and wherein said grid pattern defines a plurality of
non-hydrophobic central portions on the top surface of the shelf
panel, each of the plurality of non-hydrophobic central portions
completely bounded by the grid pattern.
7. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said shelf panel is
comprised of a material chosen from the group consisting of glass,
plastic, metal and combinations thereof.
8. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein the shelf panel is
transparent.
9. The shelf assembly of claim 8, wherein the shelf panel is
glass.
10. The shelf assembly of claim 7, wherein the hydrophobic surface
is transparent.
11. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein at least some portion of
the hydrophobic surface is colored.
12. The shelf assembly of claim 11, wherein the hydrophobic surface
contains a colored portion in a form chosen from the group
consisting of a pattern, a company name, a company logo and
combinations thereof.
13. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic surface
comprises: a ceramic frit layer adjacent to and bonded to the top
surface of said shelf panel; and a hydrophobic compound coated over
the ceramic frit layer.
14. The shelf assembly of claim 13, wherein said ceramic frit layer
contains additive particles that create roughness in a top surface
of the ceramic frit layer.
15. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of
said ceramic frit layer is colored.
16. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic surface
comprises a hydrophobic coating over a roughened area in the
surface of said shelf panel.
17. The shelf assembly of claim 16, wherein said roughened area is
made by etching the surface with acid.
18. The shelf assembly of claim 16, wherein said roughened area
comprises a plurality of particles bound to the surface of the
shelf panel.
19. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic surface
comprises a coating of hydrophobic particles on the surface of said
shelf panel.
20. The shelf assembly of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic surface
comprises a hydrophobic compound applied over or within the matrix
of a cured sol gel composition.
21.-93. (canceled)
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
14/463,469, filed Aug. 19, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 13/891,954, filed May 10, 2013, which
is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/651,842,
filed Oct. 15, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 12/562,920, filed Sep. 18, 2009, which is a
continuation-in-part of International Patent Application No.
PCT/US09/48775, filed Jun. 26, 2009, which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 61/216,540, filed May 18, 2009,
and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/133,273, filed Jun.
27, 2008. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/651,842 is also a
continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 13/000,487, which is a U.S. national stage application of
International Patent Application No. PCT/US09/48775, filed Jun. 26,
2009, which as described above claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 61/216,540, filed May 18, 2009, and U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 61/133,273, filed Jun. 27, 2008.
The entire contents of each of the foregoing applications is
expressly incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to shelving and the like, e.g.,
countertops and table tops, including shelving which may be adapted
for use with refrigerators. More particularly, the invention
relates to the support surfaces of such articles which have spill
containing features.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] Previous types of shelving have been developed for use as
refrigerator and other shelves. Shelving designs exist in the prior
art which include means for containing liquid spills and leaks from
a container stored on a shelf, and preventing the spill from
dripping from the shelf onto the floor or into other parts of a
refrigerator, commonly referred to as "spill proof" shelving. For
example, Kane, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,809, issued Oct. 14,
1996, discloses a shelf assembly with a shelf panel, a shelf
support supporting the panel, and a molded one-piece member
encapsulating the edge of the shelf panel and a substantial
majority of the shelf support.
[0004] Herrmann, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,735,589, issued Apr. 7,
1998, discloses a shelf panel for a refrigerator compartment, which
includes a shelf panel that is slidably supported for extension and
retraction on a support, and which includes slide members that are
preferably molded so as to form a rim on the top support surface of
the shelf panel to contain liquids.
[0005] Bird, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,433, issued Jul. 4, 1995,
also describes a refrigerator shelf which is adapted for
containment of spills on the shelf. The shelf includes a planar
shelf with a rim molded around the perimeter edge of the shelf. The
rim projects above the top surface of the shelf to form a dam for
containing liquid spills on the shelf.
[0006] Meier, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,720, issued Sep. 19,
2000, discloses a method of manufacturing a glass shelf with a
plastic edge for retaining spills on the shelf. The glass shelf
panel is placed in a cavity of a mold and plastic material is
injected into the cavity surrounding the glass shelf panel such
that a plastic edging is formed around the perimeter of the glass
shelf panel.
[0007] Additional techniques for containing spills in refrigerator
shelving include the use of injection molded plastic, so as to
encapsulate a support plate forming the shelf, using plastic molded
parts to essentially "sandwich" a support plate between the parts,
or using a silicone sealant or various other types of adhesives to
form physical spill containment barriers around the perimeter of
the refrigerator shelving. In addition to the foregoing, it is
known to utilize formed lips or ridges on the surface of the
support plate itself, so as to essentially provide a physical
barrier as a liquid retention feature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention is a method for containing spills on
shelving and the like having a support top surface, and the
resulting items made in accordance with the method, by providing
the support top surface with a hydrophobic surface which is
arranged in a spill containment pattern and which is generally in
the plane of the top surface of the support. The majority of the
top surface of the support consists of one or more spill
containment areas which are of a non-hydrophobic nature and which
are bounded by the hydrophobic surfaces, such that spills on the
surface collect in the non-hydrophobic spill containment area or
areas and are prevented from spreading by the hydrophobic
surfaces.
[0009] These and other objects, advantages and features of the
invention will be more fully understood and appreciated by
reference to the Description of the Preferred Embodiments, and the
appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described
with reference to the drawings, in which:
[0011] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art shelf assembly
mounted on a pair of support brackets, and utilizing the concept of
encapsulation of a shelf for providing spill containment
features;
[0012] FIG. 2 is a front, sectional view of the shelf assembly
shown in FIG. 1, with the absence of the support brackets;
[0013] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a shelf assembly in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention including a
shelf mounted on a pair of support brackets, the shelf including a
hydrophobic spill containment pattern disposed on the top surface
thereof to contain spilled liquids;
[0014] FIG. 4 is a front, elevation view of the shelf assembly
shown in FIG. 3, with the absence of the support brackets;
[0015] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of
a shelf assembly constructed in accordance with the present
disclosure and having a grid-like hydrophobic spill containment
pattern;
[0016] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of yet another alternative
embodiment shelf assembly constructed in accordance with the
present disclosure and having a hydrophobic spill containment
pattern that includes first and second borders;
[0017] FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a shelf assembly
including support brackets constructed in accordance with a first
embodiment the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the shelf assembly of
FIG. 7 taken through line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;
[0019] FIG. 9 is a partial perspective view of a shelf assembly
including support brackets constructed in accordance with a second
embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the shelf assembly of
FIG. 9 taken through line X-X of FIG. 9;
[0021] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a shelf assembly including
support brackets constructed in accordance with a third embodiment
of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the shelf assembly of
FIG. 11 taken through line XI-XI of FIG. 11;
[0023] FIG. 13 is a side view of a shelf assembly including support
brackets constructed in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the
present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the shelf assembly of
FIG. 13 taken through line XIV-XIV of FIG. 13;
[0025] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a shelf assembly including
support brackets constructed in accordance with a fifth embodiment
of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a support bracket of the
shelf assembly of FIG. 15;
[0027] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the shelf assembly of
FIG. 15 taken through line XVII-XVII of FIG. 15;
[0028] FIG. 18 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a
shelf assembly including support brackets constructed in accordance
with a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 19 is a top view of a shelf assembly including front
and rear trim components in accordance with a seventh embodiment of
the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 20 is a side view of the shelf assembly of FIG. 19;
[0031] FIG. 21 is a detail view of the front trim component of the
shelf assembly of FIGS. 19 and 20 taken from circle XXI of FIG.
20;
[0032] FIG. 22 is a detail view of the rear trim component of the
shelf assembly of FIGS. 19 and 20 taken from circle XXII of FIG.
20;
[0033] FIG. 23 is a detail view of front portion of a shelf
assembly including a front trim component in accordance with an
eighth embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 24 is a graph showing the water height retention test
results after abrasion with a glass jar for three shelves formed in
accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 25 is a graph showing the water height retention test
results after performing a cleaning process on three shelves formed
in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0036] FIGS. 26A and 26B are photographs demonstrating the stain
resistant properties of a shelf having a hydrophobic spill
containment pattern formed of a ceramic frit and a hydrophobic
compound in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In the preferred embodiments, the term "shelving and/or the
like," "shelving," "shelf," or "shelf and/or the like" encompasses
shelves and articles whose top surfaces such as pantry shelves,
countertops, stovetops, cook-tops, and table tops. Certain
embodiments are especially advantageous for use in refrigerator and
freezer shelving.
[0038] In such preferred embodiments of the invention, refrigerator
shelving is provided with a spill containment pattern which may
consist of a hydrophobic surface in the pattern of a frame-like
border, which defines the boundaries of a single non-hydrophobic
spill containment area therein. The pattern may be a frame-like
border which extends along the perimeter of the shelf's top surface
(FIG. 3), or it may be spaced from the perimeter and encompass a
smaller portion of the top surface, and may include an outer border
with a final spill catch area between the inner and outer border
(FIG. 6). It may consist of a hydrophobic surface in a grid-like
pattern, which pattern defines the boundaries of several spill
containment areas therein (FIG. 5). Other variations are intended
to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0039] A preferred embodiment shelf may be incorporated into a
shelving assembly with a shelf-supporting mechanism, such as a
bracket, and a shelf, which is capable of supporting articles on
its top surface. The disclosure provided herein relates to the
shelf portion of the assembly, and various brackets that can be
used with the shelf.
[0040] The shelf may consist of a substrate formed of metal, glass,
plastic, another suitable material, or a combination of any of the
foregoing, and which has a hydrophobic surface which is generally
in the same plane as the top surface of the shelf substrate and
which is arranged in a spill containment pattern to provide a spill
containment feature on the top surface of the shelf substrate, as
illustrated in FIGS. 3-6 and described below. The majority of the
surface area of the top surface of the shelf substrate is
non-hydrophobic in nature. The non-hydrophobic region of the top
surface is bounded by the hydrophobic spill containment pattern
such that spilled liquids are repelled by the hydrophobic spill
containment pattern and pool and remain contained on these
non-hydrophobic spill containing areas by the hydrophobic surfaces.
The shelves described herein can be adapted for use as refrigerator
or freezer shelves, for example.
[0041] A hydrophobic or super hydrophobic surface treatment may be
applied to the shelf substrate's top surface to create the
hydrophobic spill containment pattern described herein in a variety
of methods, and any surface coatings may be used which are known to
be hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic or are known to make a surface
hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic. The hydrophobic surface described
herein is not limited to any specific hydrophobic or super
hydrophobic surface treatment, and any method of making a portion
of the surface of the shelf substrate hydrophobic may be
employed.
[0042] More specifically, according to the preferred embodiments,
there are several hydrophobic compounds which may be used. Some of
the hydrophobic compounds include: fluorocarbons; fluoroalkyl
silanes; fluoroalkoxy silanes; and fluoroalkyl alkyl silanes. Any
such hydrophobic compounds or a mixture thereof can be used to
create the hydrophobic surfaces described herein, and other
applicable hydrophobic compounds could also be used. It is believed
that tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane provides
a good example of a suitable hydrophobic compound. Other suitable
hydrophobic compounds include, for example,
nonafluorohexyldimethyl(dimethylamino)silane,
heptadecafluorotetrahydrodecyldimethyl(dimethylamino)silane,
tetrandyrodecyl-tris(dimethylamino)silane,
tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl silane,
(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydooctyl)trimethoxysilane,
(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydooctyl)triethoxysilane, n-octadecyl
trimethoxysilane, n-octyl triethoxysilane, and
heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahedyodecyl-tris(dimethylamino)silane.
It is believed that the above-identified silanes bond and adhere
strongly to glass and glass-like surfaces such as the cured ceramic
frit material.
[0043] Further in accordance with the preferred embodiments
described herein, methods of creating the hydrophobic surface may
include, without limitation: application of a hydrophobic compound
to the top surface using an application technique such as spraying;
brushing; wiping; dipping; solvent casting; flow coating; curtain
coating; roller coating; spin coating; printing; screen printing;
ink jet printing; vacuum coating; magnetic field-assisted cathodic
sputtering; plasma deposition; plasma magnetron deposition; plasma
or atmospheric CVD; powder or liquid pyrolysis; atomization or
chemical vapor deposition; electrophoretic deposition;
cross-linking processes; etc. Another method of creating the
hydrophobic surface can include "roughening" the portion of the
surface of the substrate to be made hydrophobic using various
methods (sanding, abrading, etching, e.g., acid etching, or
otherwise removing material from the surface) and then applying a
hydrophobic compound to the "roughened" surface. Etching can be
performed using, for example, hydrofluoric acid, sodium silicate,
bifluorides, including for example, a ammonium bifluoride sodium
bifluoride, and mixtures thereof, any other known etching
solutions, and any mixtures thereof. Commercially available etching
solutions are available, for example from Armour.RTM. Products
(Hawthorne, N.J.). For examples, the Armour Etch Bath.RTM. Glass
Dipping Solution (product name) or Armour Etch.RTM. Glass Etching
Cream (product name), available from Armour.RTM. Products can be
used, and includes a mixture of ammonium bifluoride and sodium
bifluoride. The etching solution can be applied to the substrate
surface with an applicator in the desired pattern. A mask, which is
resistant to the etching solution, can be placed on the region of
the substrate to be non-hydrophobic to protect this region from
being etched. The etching solution can be allowed to remain on the
substrate surface for a time in a range of about 15 seconds to
about 20 minutes, about 20 seconds to about 15 minutes, about 30
seconds to about 10 minutes, about 45 seconds to about 8 minutes,
about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, about 2 minutes to about 8
minutes, about 4 minutes to about 6 minutes, about 15 seconds to
about 1 minute, about 20 seconds to about 50 seconds, about 25
seconds to about 45 seconds, about 30 seconds to about 40 seconds,
about 1 minute to about 20 minutes, about 5 to about 15 minutes, or
about 7 minutes to about 10 minutes. Other suitable times include,
for example, about 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds, 30 seconds,
35 seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, 1
minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7
minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes,
13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18
minutes, 19 minutes, and 20 minutes.
[0044] The hydrophobic surface can also be formed, for example, by
providing a coating of hydrophobic particles on the surface, by
using sol-gel deposition to apply a hydrophobic compound to the
surface, either on top of or within the matrix of the sol-gel, by
applying a metal oxide primer with an integrated or separate
hydrophobic compound, by applying a hydrophobic compound comprising
a variety of molecular chain lengths to create a coating with
surface irregularities, or by adhering a thin material, such as a
tape of thin glass or plastic which has been made hydrophobic to
the surface. The hydrophobic surface can formed, for example, by
applying a ceramic frit material, with or without structure forming
particles therein, to the surface of the substrate in the desired
spill containment pattern, curing the frit, and then applying a
hydrophobic compound over the cured frit and curing the hydrophobic
compound.
[0045] Any combination of the above-described surface treatment
methods can be also be used. For example, the substrate can be
first prepared by applying and curing a ceramic frit material to
the substrate. The ceramic frit material can then be etched using
an etching solution as described above, and a hydrophobic compound
can be applied to the etched ceramic frit. Alternatively, the
entire substrate including the ceramic frit material can be etched
using an etching solution, and a hydrophobic compound can then be
applied to the etched ceramic frit. Without intending to be bound
by theory, it is believed that etching the ceramic frit prior to
application of the hydrophobic compound can improve the hydrophobic
properties of the spill containment pattern by creating additional
bonding sites on the ceramic frit to which the hydrophobic compound
can bond. Additionally, the etched ceramic frit may include more
surface area to which the hydrophobic compound can attached by
virtue of the combined macro-scale surface roughening provided by
the ceramic frit and micro-scale surface roughening provided by
etching the ceramic frit.
[0046] The hydrophobic surface treatments described herein can be
cured according to a number of different methods, if curing is
required by the surface preparation or the hydrophobic compound,
including without limitation: conduction heating; convection
heating; UV radiation; VUV radiation; electron beam irradiation;
ionizing radiation; laser; IR; and thermal radiation. The
hydrophobic surface treatments can also be cured by remaining at
ambient conditions for a sufficient length of time, for example,
from about 16 hours to about 48 hours, from about 20 hours to about
40 hours, and from about 25 hours to about 35 hours. Curing can be
performed in a controlled humidity environment. For example, curing
can be performed at less than 70% humidity, less than 60% humidity,
less than 50% humidity, less than 40% humidity, less than 30%
humidity, less than 20% humidity, less than 10% humidity, or at 0%
humidity.
[0047] One preferred embodiment of the shelf assembly comprises a
glass or tempered glass shelf substrate which is printed, e.g.,
screen printed, with a ceramic frit material, over which a
hydrophobic coating is applied. The ceramic frit can be patterned
on the substrate using any known placing, printing, or other
patterning methods. The ceramic frit material is placed or printed
in a pattern, for example, a frame-like border pattern on the glass
substrate, which defines at least a portion of the spill
containment pattern. For example, the ceramic frit material can be
screen printed onto the substrate in the desired pattern using, for
example, a silk screen having a mesh count in a range of about 80
to about 360, about 100 to about 300, about 120 to about 280, about
140 to about 240, about 160 to about 220, about 180 to about 200,
about 86 to about 360. Other suitable mesh counts include about 80,
82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150,
160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280,
290, 300, 310, 320, 340, 350, and 360. Various other mesh counts
may be suitable depending on the composition and particle size of
the frit material used. As described in more detail below, the
hydrophobic spill containment pattern, and consequently, the frit
pattern, can have a variety of shapes and sizes, and can be placed
in a variety of locations on the glass substrate. Additionally,
portions of the hydrophobic spill containment pattern can be
formed, for example, using different hydrophobic compounds and/or
different surface treatments. For example, a portion of the spill
containment pattern can be formed, for example, by applying and
curing a ceramic frit to the substrate and applying a hydrophobic
compound to the cured ceramic frit (as described in more detail
below) and another portion of the hydrophobic spill containment
pattern can be formed, for example, by acid etching a portion of
the substrate and applying the hydrophobic compound to the etched
portion.
[0048] In accordance with various aspects of the invention, the
ceramic frit material can include finely ground particles. For
example, the ceramic frit material can include lead oxide, silicon
dioxide, aluminum oxide, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the frit
material includes silicon dioxide. More preferably, the frit
material includes from 5 weight percent (wt. %) to about 100 wt. %
silicon dioxide, from about 10 wt. % to about 80 wt. %, from about
20 wt. % to about 60 wt. % from about 30 wt. % to about 40 wt. %
from about 15 wt. % to about 75 wt. %, from about 20 wt. % to about
50 wt. %. Other suitable amounts of silicon dioxide in the frit
material can include, for example, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,
45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100 wt. %. For
example, the frit material can include about 29 wt. % silicon
dioxide. The frit material can also include, for example,
additives, such as tantalum oxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide,
zirconium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxides, iron oxide
magnesium oxide, barium oxide, bismuth oxide, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable commercially available frit materials can be used. For
example, a commercially available frit material is available from
Ferro Corp. (hereinafter "the Ferro frit") under Product No. A0430
Etch C32 Medium, and contains about 53.71 wt. % lead oxide, about
29 wt. % silicon dioxide, 15.72 wt. % aluminum oxide, 0.39 wt. %
tantalum oxide, 0.38 wt. % titanium dioxide, 0.28 wt. % calcium
oxide, 0.26 wt. % zirconium oxide, 0.11 wt. % sodium oxide, 0.04
wt. % potassium oxide, 0.04 wt. % iron oxide, 0.03 wt. % magnesium
oxide, 0.02 wt. % barium oxide, and 0.02 wt. % bismuth oxide. The
particles of the frit material may be mixed with inorganic or
organic pigments or dyes, so as to yield a desired color. The
ceramic frit material may be provided as a dry powder or as a paste
or other such mixture. Once the ceramic frit material is placed on
the substrate, the ceramic frit is then coupled to the substrate.
For example, the ceramic frit can be coupled to the substrate by
fusing the ceramic frit to the substrate. The ceramic frit can be
coupled or fused to substrate by heating the substrate to a
temperature in a range of about 1000.degree. F. to about
1400.degree. F., about 1100.degree. F. to about 1300.degree. F.,
about 1100.degree. F. to about 1200.degree. F., and about
1200.degree. F. to about 1400.degree. F. Other suitable
temperatures include about 1000.degree. F., 1050.degree. F.,
1100.degree. F., 1150.degree. F., 1200.degree. F., 1250.degree. F.,
1300.degree. F., 1350.degree. F., and 1400.degree. F. This heat
treatment will cause the particles of the ceramic frit to cure by
fusing to each other and to the glass surface to form a continuous
structure and thereby couple the ceramic frit to the substrate. The
pattern of the fused frit will be substantially identical to the
pattern in which the frit material was placed on the substrate. It
is believed that this fused frit coating can be characterized as
being nearly as hard and tough as the glass itself. Also, the
coated glass with the ceramic frit material is durable, and resists
chipping, peeling, fading, and scratching. Advantageously, the
ceramic frit material is resistant to abrasions from common
household containers, such as, for example, glass jars. In
addition, the ceramic frit material is substantially resistant to
most chemicals. Accordingly, the ceramic frit material is
substantially resistant to a variety of cleaners that may be used
to clean a glass shelf, including, for example, dish soap, such as
Dawn dish soap, Windex, Sparkle, Clorox wipes, and Formula 409 All
Purpose Cleaner. A shelf having a hydrophobic spill containment
pattern formed from a ceramic frit can resist multiple cleanings
without experiencing a decrease in the shelf's ability to retain
spilled liquids.
[0049] In one embodiment, the ceramic frit can include some
micro-scale additive particles which will remain unmelted at the
temperature at which the frit is sintered, as described for example
in U.S. Pat. No. 4,591,530 to Lui, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,872,441 and
6,800,354 to Baumann, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,324,566 and 5,437,894 to
Ogawa. The frit is printed or placed in the pattern of a frame-like
border at or near the outer perimeter of the shelf substrate's top
surface or other desired location for the spill containment
pattern. The shelf with the printed frit is then heated to a
temperature above the melting point of the primary components of
the frit material, but below the melting point of the glass shelf,
for a time sufficient to cure the frit so that it is fused or
bonded to the top surface of the shelf substrate. The specific time
and temperature required to sinter the frit will vary based on the
materials chosen for the frit.
[0050] By way of example only, the application of the hydrophobic
compound will be described with reference to a glass substrate
having a fused frit surface modification. Other surface
modifications and/or preparations, including for example, acid
etching and other surface roughening methods, can be used as
described above, and the hydrophobic compound can be similarly
applied to such surface modified substrates. The hydrophobic
compound, such as, for example, a fluorocarbon, a fluoroalkyl
silane, a fluoroalkoxy silane, or a fluoroalkyl alkyl silane is
then applied to the fused frit material. Suitable hydrophobic
compounds can include, for example,
tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane,
nonafluorohexyldimethyl(dimethylamino)silane,
heptadecafluorotetrahydrodecyldimethyl(dimethylamino)silane,
tetrandyrodecyl-tris(dimethylamino)silane,
tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl silane,
(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydooctyl)trimethoxysilane,
(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydooctyl)triethoxysilane, n-octadecyl
trimethoxysilane, n-octyl triethoxysilane, and
heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahedyodecyl-tris(dimethylamino)silane.
[0051] The hydrophobic compound can be applied to the frit material
as a hydrophobic solution, which includes a solvent and the
hydrophobic compound dissolved or dispersed in the solvent. The
solvent can be, for example, dry or wet hexane. Suitable solvents
include, for example, hexane, heptanes, methyl chloride, naptha,
toluene, acetone, perfluorocarbons, and mixtures thereof. The
hydrophobic solution can include from about 0.1% to about 5% of
hydrophobic compound. Other suitable ranges include, for example,
about 0.5% to 4%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 5%, and
about 2% to about 4%. Suitable amounts of the hydrophobic compound
in the hydrophobic solution, can include, for example, about 0.1,
0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4,
4.5, and 5%. For example, a 1% solution of
tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane, a
perfluoroalkyl alkyl silane, in hexane, can be applied to the fused
frit, for example by wiping the solution onto the frit or applying
the solution using an applicator tip, or by using any other known
method. The hydrophobic compound can be applied to the solution
using, for example, a one pass method in which a coated applicator
is swept across the frit border a single time or a multiple pass
method in which the applicator is passed over the frit border two
or more times. The hydrophobic solution is then cured by heating it
and/or exposing it to controlled humidity for a period of time. For
example, conductive heating, convention heating, thermal radiation,
UV radiation, VUV radiation, electron beam irradiation, ionizing
radiation, laser, IR can be used to cure the hydrophobic solution.
The hydrophobic solution can be cured, for example, at a
temperature in a range of about 100.degree. F. to about 600.degree.
F., about 150.degree. F. to about 550.degree. F., about 200.degree.
F. to about 500.degree. F., about 250.degree. F. to about
450.degree. F., about 300.degree. F. to about 350.degree. F., or
about 100.degree. F. to about 300.degree. F. Other suitable
temperatures include, for example, about 100.degree. F.,
150.degree. F., 200.degree. F., 250.degree. F., 300.degree. F.,
350.degree. F., 400.degree. F., 450.degree. F., 500.degree. F.,
550.degree. F., and 600.degree. F. The hydrophobic solution can be
cured, for example, by heating for a time in a range of about 5
minutes to about 1 hour, about 10 minutes to about 45 minutes,
about 20 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 20
minutes, and about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes. Other suitable
times include, for example, about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,
45, 50, 55, and 60 minutes. Alternatively, the hydrophobic solution
can be cured without heating. Heating, however, can accelerate the
curing process. For example, the hydrophobic solution can be
allowed to cure by leaving the glass substrate having the cured
ceramic frit coated with the hydrophobic solution in ambient
conditions for a time in a range of about 16 to about 48 hours,
about 20 to about 40 hours, about 25 to about 35 hours, about 16 to
about 24 hours, or about 20 hours to about 30 hours. The
hydrophobic solution can be cured, whether at elevated temperatures
or at ambient temperature, in relatively dry environment. For
example, the hydrophobic solution can be cured in an environment
having less than 70% humidity, less than 60% humidity, less than
50% humidity, less than 40% humidity, less than 30% humidity, less
than 20% humidity, less than 10% humidity, or at 0% humidity. Upon
curing, the hydrophobic compound preferably forms a continuous
hydrophobic layer on the fused frit or other surface treatment.
[0052] Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that
in the case of a fluorosilane, bonding is achieved between surface
Si--OH contained on and extending from the surface of the fused
frit material or other modified substrate surface, such as, for
example, an acid etched surface, and the Si--OH groups of the
silane. The surface hydroxyl groups can results from partial
hydrolysis of the silane and the silicon dioxide in the fused frit
material during heating. The Si--OH groups are caused to react with
corresponding groups to form Si--O--Si linkages between the silane
and the fused frit material. Correspondingly, Si--OH groups of
adjacent silane molecules are also caused to react and form
Si--O--Si cross linkages, thereby forming a continuous hydrophobic
layer across the frit material. The method described herein will
produce a hydrophobic surface that is a continuous border around
the perimeter of the shelf's top surface which will operate as a
spill containment feature.
[0053] One advantage of using a ceramic frit material to prepare
the surface of the shelf for coating with the hydrophobic solution
as described herein, in addition to improving the durability of the
hydrophobic surface, is that frit material is commercially
available in multiple colors and can be printed in a manner which
allows for the inclusion of designs, company names or logos in the
surface area where the frit material is applied to the shelf
substrate.
[0054] In accordance with the preferred embodiments, the
hydrophobic surface provides a spill containment surface which
prevents spilled liquids from leaking off of the shelf substrate's
top surface. For example, a frit material can be placed or printed
in a continuous border pattern around the perimeter of the glass
substrate and fused to the glass substrate as described above. A
hydrophobic compound can then be bonded to the fused frit material,
and thereby form a hydrophobic spill containment pattern, which
bounds a non-hydrophobic spill containment surface formed of the
glass substrate. The hydrophobic spill containment pattern repels
liquids, causing them to collect in the non-hydrophobic region or
regions of the shelf. The hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic surface
is sufficient to repel a spilled liquid and prevent it from
crossing onto or over the hydrophobic surface and therefore forces
the spilled liquid to bead up or puddle up on the non-hydrophobic
regions of the shelf due to the surface tension of the liquid.
Thus, the hydrophobic surface is capable of containing spills
without the use of a barrier lip or barrier edging used in prior
art spill containment assemblies which act as a "dam" for the
spilled liquid. The hydrophobic spill containment pattern can
retain a spill having a height when pooled in the non-hydrophobic
region of less than about 5.5 mm. For example, the spill
containment pattern can retain a spill having a height of about 0.5
mm, about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, about 3 mm,
about 3.5 mm, about 4 mm, about 4.5 mm, about 5 mm, or about 5.5
mm. The height of the spill liquid provides a measure of the amount
of spilled liquid retained by a shelf regardless of the area of the
non-hydrophobic spill containing region of the shelf. The height of
the retained spill liquid is determined by dividing the volume of
spill liquid retained by the shelf before failure (i.e. leakage) by
the area of the non-hydrophobic spill containing region.
[0055] The reference to the fact that the hydrophobic surface is
generally in the plane of the top surface of the shelf is intended
to include surfaces and surface treatments, all or a portion of
which may extend a small distance above the level of the top
surface of the shelf which is not readily noticeable to the naked
eye. For example, as described in greater detail above, the
hydrophobic surface may be a hydrophobic coating, or a combination
of a layer of ceramic frit and a hydrophobic coating on the ceramic
frit. Such layers typically have a thickness of from about 0.001
microns to about 250 microns. Other suitable thickness ranges
include from about 0.001 microns to about 2 microns, about 0.01
microns to about 1.5 microns, about 0.1 microns to about 1 microns,
about 0.001 microns to about 10 microns, about 0.01 microns to
about 8 microns, about 0.05 microns to about 7 microns, about 0.1
microns to about 5 microns, about 1 micron to about 4 microns,
about 1 micron to about 10 microns, about 2 microns to about 8
microns, about 4 microns to about 6 microns, about 10 microns to
about 100 microns, about 20 microns to about 80 microns, about 40
microns to about 60 microns, about 100 microns to about 250
microns, about 150 to about 200 microns, about 1 micron to about
250 microns, about 10 microns to about 200 microns, about 20
microns to about 150 microns, about 30 microns to about 100
microns, about 40 microns to about 80 microns, and about 50 microns
to about 70 microns. Other suitable thickness include, for example,
about 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40,
50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180,
190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250 microns.
[0056] A visual perspective of situations involving liquid spillage
is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 which illustrate a prior art
shelving assembly 1000. With reference to FIG. 1, the assembly 1000
is shown in fairly simplistic format. The assembly 1000 may include
a number of other components, including elements such as shelf
support brackets, for example. Specifically, the assembly 1000
includes a frame 1002 which is rectangular in configuration and
surrounds and is secured to an inner plastic rim 1004. The plastic
rim 1004 is also a rectangular configuration. The plastic rim 1004
is utilized to encapsulate a shelf panel 1006. The shelf panel 1006
could be constructed of glass or similar materials. The frame 1002,
plastic rim 1004 and shelf panel 1006 are supported on a pair of
opposing side plates 1008.
[0057] To illustrate the concepts of liquid spillage, a soda can
1010 is illustrated as being left on its side on the upper surface
of the shelf panel 1006. The soda can 1010 has spilled liquid which
is shown as liquid 1012 on a portion of the shelf panel 1006. The
visible edge of the shelf panel 1006 located on its upper surface
at the intersection of the perimeter of the plastic rim 1004 may
include a sealed edge 1014. As previously described herein, the
sealed edge 1014 may merely include some type of a sealing adhesive
or, alternatively, a silicone material or the like. In this manner,
an attempt is made to essentially provide a raised physical barrier
that is sealed to the shelf panel 1006 to seal the spilled liquid
1012 from spillage off of the shelf panel 1006.
[0058] A preferred embodiment shelf assembly 1020 of the present
disclosure is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. In accordance with the
preferred embodiments described herein, the shelf assembly 1020 is
characterized as having a shelf panel 1024 with a hydrophobic
surface 1030 (shown shaded) arranged and configured in a spill
containment pattern 1021 on a top surface 1023 of the shelf panel
1024 to provide the spill containment functions. In FIGS. 3 and 4,
the spill containment pattern 1021 of the hydrophobic surface 1030
consists of a frame-like border disposed at or around the outer
perimeter of the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024, thereby
completely bounding, encircling, and/or enclosing a non-hydrophobic
central portion 1025 of the shelf panel 1024. More specifically,
the spill containment pattern 1021 of the embodiment depicted in
FIGS. 3 and 4 includes a continuous pattern formed of parallel left
and right side edge containment strips 1021a, 1021b, and parallel
front and rear edge containment strips 1021c, 1021d, i.e., all
respectively engaged to adjacent ones. Each of the edge containment
strips 1021a-1021d are generally uniform in width and arranged in
an elongated linear configuration at a location directly at a
respective edge of the shelf panel 1024. That is, in the embodiment
depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4, there is no non-hydrophobic area on the
top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024 between the spill
containment pattern 1021 and the perimeter edge of the shelf panel
1024. In alternative embodiments, however, at least one of the
strips 1021-1021d of the spill containment pattern 1021 depicted in
FIGS. 3 and 4 can be offset inward from the perimeter edge of the
shelf panel 1024 such that the shelf panel 1024 can include a
non-hydrophobic area disposed between at least a portion of the
spill containment pattern 1021 and the perimeter edge of the shelf
panel 1024.
[0059] Still referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the side edge containment
strips 1021a, 1021b are disposed at substantially right angles
relative to the front and rear edge containment strips 1021c,
1021d. So configured, the spill containment pattern 1021 of the
embodiment depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4 forms a continuous, generally
square, rectangular, and/or box-shape completely bounding,
encircling, and/or enclosing the non-hydrophobic central portion
1025, which also has a generally square, rectangular, and/or
box-shape.
[0060] As with other known refrigerator shelf assemblies, the shelf
assembly 1020 of the present disclosure may also include shelf
brackets 1022 for supporting the shelf assembly 1020 in a
refrigerator or other appliance, for example. In a preferred
embodiment, the shelf brackets 1022 are designed and configured
such as to not interfere with and/or intrude upon the top surface
1032 of the shelf panel 1024, thereby maximizing the useable shelf
space. Various embodiments of such shelf brackets 1022 will be
described below with reference to FIGS. 7-18.
[0061] FIG. 3 also illustrates the concept that the hydrophobic
surface 1030 will form a spill containment barrier. For example, a
soda can 1026 is illustrated as being turned on its side on the top
surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024, and spilled liquid from the
soda can 1026 is identified as liquid 1028. In this manner, the
spilled liquid 1028 is prevented from spilling downwardly onto
other surfaces below the shelf, and the spilled liquid 1028 is
contained to the non-hydrophobic central portion 1025 defined on
the top surface 1023 of the shelf 1024. Further, the spilled liquid
1028 is also prevented from seeping into cracks or crevices in a
manner where substantial bacteria, mold, and other undesirable
materials can form. In particular, and in accordance with the
preferred embodiments, it should be noted that components such as a
plastic rim (or even a frame) may be completely unnecessary with
the use of the hydrophobic surface 1030 to provide the spill
containment feature. As such, the shelf assembly 1020 depicted in
FIGS. 3 and 4 maximizes the available useful shelf space since it
does not include a plastic rim, a frame, or any other physical
barrier or dam extending above the top surface 1023 of the shelf
panel 1024 for preventing liquids from spilling off of the shelf
panel 1024.
[0062] In addition to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, an
alternative embodiment of the shelf assembly 1020 of the present
disclosure can include the hydrophobic surface 1030 disposed on the
top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024 in a grid-like spill
containment pattern 1021, as shown in FIG. 5. Identical to the
spill containment pattern 1021 described above with reference to
FIGS. 3 and 4, the grid-like spill containment pattern 1021
depicted in FIG. 5 includes a continuous frame-like border disposed
at or around the outer perimeter of the top surface 1023 of the
shelf panel 1024. More specifically, the frame-like border of the
spill containment pattern 1021 depicted in FIG. 5 includes parallel
left and right side edge containment strips 1021a, 1021b, and
parallel front and rear edge containment strips 1021c, 1021d. These
spill containment strips 1021a-1021d can be generally identical to
the corresponding spill containment strips 1021a-1021d described
above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 and, therefore, will not be
described in any further detail.
[0063] In addition to the aforementioned spill containment strips
1021a-1021d, the grid-like spill containment pattern 1021 depicted
in FIG. 5 includes two spaced apart longitudinal spill containment
strips 1021e, 1021f and two spaced apart lateral spill containment
strips 1021g, 1021h. The longitudinal spill containment strips
1021c, 1021d intersect the lateral spill containment strips 1021e,
1021f at generally right angles. As depicted, the longitudinal
spill containment strips 1021e, 1021f are parallel to each other,
as well as parallel to the left and right side spill containment
strips 1021a, 1021b. Moreover, the lateral spill containment strips
1021g, 1021h are parallel to each other, as well as parallel to the
front and rear spill containment strips 1021c, 1021d. Other
configurations are intended to be within the scope of the
disclosure.
[0064] So configured, the grid-like spill containment pattern 1021
of the embodiment of the shelf assembly 1020 of FIG. 5 defines
first through ninth non-hydrophobic central portions 1025a-1025i on
the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. Each of the
non-hydrophobic central portions 1025a-1025i is completely bounded,
encircled, and/or enclosed by four of the spill containment strips
1021a-1021h and is therefore square, rectangular, and/or
box-shaped. With this configuration, FIG. 6 illustrates that each
of the non-hydrophobic central portions 1025a-1025i is capable of
containing a liquid 1028 separate from the other non-hydrophobic
central portions 1025a-1025i.
[0065] FIG. 6 shows yet another embodiment of a shelf assembly 1020
constructed in accordance with the present disclosure and including
a spill containment pattern 1021. Similar to the shelf assemblies
1020 described above with reference to FIGS. 3-5, the shelf
assembly 1020 of FIG. 6 includes a continuous frame-like border of
a hydrophobic surface 1030 disposed at or around the outer
perimeter of the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024, thereby
completely bounding, encircling, and/or enclosing a non-hydrophobic
central portion 1025 of the shelf panel 1024. However, unlike the
embodiments described above, the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6
includes a double-border configuration consisting of a first
continuous hydrophobic surface border 1017 and a second continuous
hydrophobic surface border 1019 disposed inside of the first
hydrophobic surface border 1017.
[0066] The first hydrophobic surface border 1017 is disposed about
the perimeter edge of the shelf panel 1024, and the second
hydrophobic surface border 1019 is offset inwardly from the first
hydrophobic surface border 1017. The first hydrophobic surface
border 1017 includes parallel left and right side edge containment
strips 1017a, 1017b, and parallel front and rear edge containment
strips 1017c, 1017d. Each of the edge containment strips
1017a-1017d of the first continuous hydrophobic surface border 1017
are generally uniform in width and arranged in an elongated linear
configuration directly at the edge of the perimeter of the shelf
panel 1024. The side edge containment strips 1017a, 1017b are
disposed at right angles relative to the front and rear edge
containment strips 1017c, 1017d. So configured, the first
hydrophobic surface border 1017 forms a continuous generally
square, rectangular, and/or box-shape completely bounding,
encircling, and/or enclosing the non-hydrophobic central portion
1025, which is also generally square, rectangular, and/or
box-shaped. Moreover, as depicted, the second continuous
hydrophobic surface border 1019 includes parallel left and right
side edge containment strips 1019a, 1019b, and parallel front and
rear edge containment strips 1019c, 1019d. Each of the edge
containment strips 1019a-1019d of the second hydrophobic surface
border 1019 are generally uniform in width and arranged in an
elongated linear configuration offset inwardly from the first
hydrophobic surface border 1017. The side edge containment strips
1019a, 1019b are disposed at right angles relative to the front and
rear edge containment strips 1019c, 1019d such that the second
hydrophobic surface border 1019 forms a generally square,
rectangular, and/or box-shape completely bounding, encircling,
and/or enclosing the non-hydrophobic central portion 1025 of the
shelf panel 1024. So configured, the first and second hydrophobic
surface borders 1017, 1019 define a non-hydrophobic ring portion
1027 located between the two borders 1017, 1019. The
non-hydrophobic ring portion 1027 can advantageously capture any
spill overflow which might escape from the non-hydrophobic central
portion 1025 and travel over the second hydrophobic surface border
1019. These and other variations in the spill containment pattern
1021 can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
novel concepts of the preferred embodiments of the present
disclosure. For example, while FIG. 6 depicts a double-border
pattern, a pattern of any number concentric or non-concentric
border patterns could be provided on the substrate surface. Each
border pattern can, for example, surround at least a portion of the
non-hydrophobic region.
[0067] The hydrophobic surface arranged in a spill containment
pattern in accordance with the preferred embodiments described
herein eliminates the need for plastic encapsulation material to
create a spill containment barrier. Accordingly, the shelves
produced in accordance with the preferred embodiments described
herein utilize relatively less material than prior art
spill-containing shelves. Further, the shelves described herein
have no need for silicone sealants to create a spill containment
barrier. With the exception of the hydrophobic tape embodiment,
they have no need for adhesives to create a spill containment
barrier. Elimination of the need for these materials also results
in relatively less use of material. Further, using the hydrophobic
surfaces arranged in a spill containment pattern in accordance with
the preferred embodiments eliminates the need for formed lips or
ridges on the shelf's top surface, which reduces the amount of
material used and the complexity of manufacturing, and, therefore,
reduces the manufacturing cost.
[0068] Elimination of plastic encapsulation and sealants from the
design of the shelf member also eliminates a potential source of
failure or leakage since the sealants and plastic encapsulation may
have cracks or crevices where they join with the shelf member in
which organic or inorganic materials may become entrapped and
involve a bond area to the shelf member which may eventually leak.
Still further, the use of hydrophobic surfaces arranged in a spill
containment pattern retains an amount of liquid comparable to that
retained by prior art shelves having spill containing dam features,
without the necessity of using the dams.
[0069] Still further, by eliminating the space taken up by plastic
encapsulation, sealants, adhesives, or formed lips, ridges,
physical barriers, and dams, the relative amount of usable shelf
space is increased, i.e., maximized, on the top surface 1023 of the
shelf panel 1024 in accordance with the preferred embodiments
described herein.
[0070] A further aspect of the present disclosure that serves to
maximize the usable shelf space includes shelf brackets 1022 that
are specifically designed, arranged, and configured to adhere to a
bottom surface and/or side edge of the shelf panel 1024, thereby
avoiding any necessity to interfere with and/or obstruct at least
the perimeter portions of the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel
1024 adjacent to the side edges and, in some embodiments, the
entirety of the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024.
[0071] FIGS. 7 and 8 depict a shelf assembly 1020 including a pair
of support brackets 100, only one of which is depicted, constructed
in accordance with a first embodiment the present disclosure.
Similar to the embodiments described above, the shelf assembly 1020
includes a flat shelf panel 1024 with a hydrophobic surface 1030
arranged and configured in a spill containment pattern 1021 on its
top surface 1023. The spill containment pattern 1021 can resemble
any of the patterns described above with respect to FIGS. 3-6, or
otherwise.
[0072] The brackets 100 are mirror images of each other and are
adhered to side perimeter portions 12 of the shelf panel 10. The
brackets 100 of the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8 are
adapted to be slidably supported on ribs formed in the side panels
of an appliance such as a refrigerator. As shown in FIG. 8 above,
each bracket 100 includes a horizontal leg 104 and a vertical leg
102 extending downward from an inner edge 105 of the horizontal leg
104. As such, the brackets 100 have a generally upside-down
L-shaped cross-section. The brackets 100 of this embodiment are
preferably constructed of metal, but could be constructed of
plastic or any other foreseeable material. The vertical and
horizontal legs 102, 104 are disposed at an angle of approximately
90.degree. relative to each other. So configured, the horizontal
leg 104 includes a substantially horizontal top surface 104a that
corresponds to and supports a generally horizontal bottom surface
12a of a corresponding side perimeter portion 12 of the shelf panel
10. Finally, a layer of an adhesive material 106 is disposed
between the top surfaces 104a of the horizontal legs 104 of the
brackets 100 and the bottom surface 12a of the side perimeter
portions 12 of the shelf panel 10 to adhere the shelf panel 10 to
the brackets 100. The adhesive material 106 can include a clear
acrylic UV-cured adhesive, a clear polyurethane hot melt, or any
other adhesive material capable of serving the principles of the
present disclosure. So configured, and as illustrated in FIGS. 7
and 8, no aspect of the brackets 100 extends above and/or over the
top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. That is, in this
embodiment, the brackets 100 are disposed entirely below the top
surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024, e.g., entirely opposite the
shelf panel 1024 from its top surface 1023. As such, the usable
space on the top surface 1023 is maximized.
[0073] FIGS. 9 and 10 depict a shelf assembly 1020 including a pair
of support brackets 200, only one of which is depicted, constructed
in accordance with a second embodiment the present disclosure.
Similar to the embodiments described above, the shelf assembly 1020
includes a flat shelf panel 1024 with a hydrophobic surface (not
shown) arranged and configured in a spill containment pattern (not
shown) on its top surface 1023. The spill containment pattern can
resemble any of the patterns described above with respect to FIGS.
3-6, or otherwise.
[0074] The brackets 200 are mirror images of each other and are
adhered to opposing side perimeter portions 12 of the shelf panel
1024. The brackets 200 are adapted to be slidably supported on ribs
formed in the side panels of an appliance such as a refrigerator.
As shown in FIG. 10, each bracket 200 includes a horizontal leg 204
and a vertical leg 202 extending upward from an outer edge 205 of
the horizontal leg 204. As such, the brackets 200 have a generally
L-shaped cross-section. The vertical leg 202 may or may not extend
beyond the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. The brackets
200 of this embodiment can be constructed of plastic, metal, or any
other suitable material. The vertical and horizontal legs 202, 204
are disposed at an angle of approximately 90.degree. relative to
each other. So configured, the horizontal leg 204 includes a
substantially horizontal top surface 204a that corresponds to and
supports a generally horizontal bottom surface 12a of a
corresponding side perimeter portion 12 of the shelf panel 1024.
Finally, a layer of an adhesive material 206 is disposed between
the top surfaces 204a of the horizontal legs 204 of the brackets
200 and the bottom surface 12a of the corresponding side perimeter
portions 12 of the shelf panel 1024 to adhere the shelf panel 1024
to the brackets 200. The adhesive material 206 can include a clear
acrylic UV-cured adhesive, a clear polyurethane hot melt, or any
other adhesive material capable of serving the principles of the
present disclosure. So configured, and as illustrated in FIGS. 9
and 10, no aspect of the brackets 200 extends above and/or over the
top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. That is, in this
embodiment, the brackets 200 are disposed entirely below the top
surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. The horizontal legs 204 are
disposed entirely opposite the shelf panel 1024 from its top
surface 1023, and the vertical legs 202 are disposed entirely to
the side of the shelf panel 1024. As such, the usable space on the
top surface 1023 is maximized.
[0075] FIGS. 11 and 12 depict a shelf assembly 1020 including a
pair of support brackets 300 constructed in accordance with a third
embodiment the present disclosure. Similar to the embodiments
described above, the shelf assembly 1020 includes a flat shelf
panel 1024 with a hydrophobic surface 130 arranged and configured
in a spill containment pattern 1021 on its top surface 1023. The
spill containment pattern can resemble any of the patterns
described above with respect to FIGS. 3-6, or otherwise.
[0076] The brackets 300 are adapted to latch into ladder racks, for
example, at the rear of an appliance such as a refrigerator in a
conventional manner. Each bracket 300 includes an elongated top
member 302 with a generally circular cross-section. In one form,
depicted in FIG. 12, the top member 302 includes a horizontal
supporting surface 304 formed, for example, by forging, stamping,
or crushing the round wire in a fixture. So configured, the
supporting surface 304 corresponds to and supports a generally
horizontal bottom surface 12a of a corresponding side perimeter
portion 12 of the shelf panel 1024. In another form, the elongated
top member 302 may not include the horizontal supporting surface
304, but rather, can have a perfectly circular cross-section
providing a line of contact between the top member 302 and the
shelf panel 1024. Finally, a layer of an adhesive material 306 is
disposed between the top members 302 of the brackets 300 and the
bottom surface 12a of the corresponding side perimeter portions 12
of the shelf panel 1024 to fix the shelf panel 10 to the brackets
300. The adhesive material 306 can include a clear acrylic UV-cured
adhesive, a clear polyurethane hot melt, or any other adhesive
material capable of serving the principles of the present
disclosure. So configured, and as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12,
no aspect of the brackets 300 extends above and/or over the top
surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. That is, in this embodiment,
the brackets 300 are disposed entirely below the top surface 1023
of the shelf panel 1024, e.g., entirely opposite the shelf panel
1024 from its top surface 1023. As such, the usable space on the
top surface 1023 is maximized.
[0077] FIGS. 13 and 14 depict a shelf assembly 1020 including a
pair of support brackets 400, only one of which is shown,
constructed in accordance with a fourth embodiment the present
disclosure. Similar to the embodiments described above, the shelf
assembly 1020 includes a flat shelf panel 1024 with a hydrophobic
surface (not shown) arranged and configured in a spill containment
pattern (not shown) on its top surface 1023. The spill containment
pattern can resemble any of the patterns described above with
respect to FIGS. 3-6, or otherwise.
[0078] The brackets 400 are mirror images of each other. The
brackets 400 are adapted to latch into ladder racks, for example,
at the rear of an appliance such as a refrigerator in a
conventional manner. As illustrated, each bracket 400 includes a
tri-angular shaped plate a vertical plate portion 402 and a
horizontal plate portion 404, thereby having a generally L-shaped
upper cross-section. The brackets 400 of this embodiment can be
constructed of metal, plastic, or any other suitable material. The
vertical and horizontal plate portions 402, 404 are disposed at an
angle of approximately 90.degree. relative to each other. So
configured, the horizontal plate portion 404 includes a
substantially horizontal top surface 404a that corresponds to and
supports a generally horizontal bottom surface 12a of a
corresponding side perimeter portion 12 of the shelf panel 1024.
Finally, a layer of an adhesive material 406 is disposed between
the top surfaces 404a of the horizontal plate portions 404 of the
brackets 400 and the bottom surface 12a of the side perimeter
portions 12 of the shelf panel 1024 to fix the shelf panel 1024 to
the brackets 400. The adhesive material 406 can include a clear
acrylic UV-cured adhesive, a clear polyurethane hot melt, or any
other adhesive material capable of serving the principles of the
present disclosure. So configured, and as illustrated in FIGS. 13
and 14, no aspect of the brackets 400 extends above and/or over the
top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. That is, in this
embodiment, the brackets 400 are disposed entirely below the shelf
panel 1024, e.g., entirely opposite the shelf panel 1024 from its
top surface 1023. As such, the usable space on the top surface 1023
is maximized.
[0079] FIGS. 15-17 depict a shelf assembly 1020 including a pair of
support brackets 500 constructed in accordance with a fifth
embodiment the present disclosure. Similar to the embodiments
described above, the shelf assembly 1020 includes a flat shelf
panel 1024 with a hydrophobic surface (not shown) arranged and
configured in a spill containment pattern (not shown) on its top
surface 1023. The spill containment pattern can resemble any of the
patterns described above with respect to FIGS. 3-6, or
otherwise.
[0080] The brackets 500 are mirror images of each other. The
brackets 500 are adapted to latch into ladder racks, for example,
at the rear of an appliance such as a refrigerator in a
conventional manner. As illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17, each
bracket 500 includes a metal tri-angular shaped plate portion 502
and a plastic supporting rail 504. The supporting rail 504 includes
an elongated recess 504a receiving an elongated top edge 502a of
the plate portion 502. The supporting rail 504 is immovably fixed
to the plate portion 502 by snap-fit or adhesion, for example.
Additionally, the supporting rail 504 includes a substantially
horizontal top surface 504b that corresponds to and supports a
corresponding generally horizontal bottom surface 12a of the shelf
panel 1024. Finally, the bottom surfaces 12a of the side perimeter
portions 12 of the shelf panel 1024 are adhered to the top surfaces
504b of the supporting rails 504 with an adhesive material (not
shown) to fix the shelf panel 10 to the brackets 500. The adhesive
material can include a clear acrylic UV-cured adhesive, a clear
polyurethane hot melt, or any other adhesive material capable of
serving the principles of the present disclosure. So configured,
and as illustrated in FIGS. 15-17, no aspect of the brackets 500
extends above and/or over the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel
1024. That is, in this embodiment, the brackets 500 are disposed
entirely below the top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024, e.g.,
entirely opposite the shelf panel 1024 from its top surface 1023.
As such, the usable space on the top surface 1023 is maximized.
[0081] FIG. 18 depicts a portion of a shelf assembly 1020 including
a pair of support brackets 600, only one of which is shown,
constructed in accordance with a sixth embodiment the present
disclosure. Similar to the embodiments described above, the shelf
assembly 1020 includes a flat shelf panel 1024 with a hydrophobic
surface (not shown) arranged and configured in a spill containment
pattern (not shown) on its top surface 1023. The spill containment
pattern can resemble any of the patterns described above with
respect to FIGS. 3-6, or otherwise.
[0082] As shown, the support brackets 600 are adapted to support
opposing side perimeter portions 12 of a flat shelf panel 1024 in a
manner generally the same as those described above. Each bracket
600 includes a vertical plate portion 602 and a horizontal plate
portion 604, thereby having a generally upside-down L-shaped
cross-section. The vertical and horizontal plate portions 602, 604
are disposed at an angle of approximately 90.degree. relative to
each other. Additionally, however, the horizontal plate portion 604
includes a curved concave profile defining an elongated channel 608
in its topside and extending along the length thereof. Finally, a
layer of an adhesive material (not shown) is disposed in the
channel 608 between the bracket 600 and a bottom surface 12a of the
side perimeter portions 12 of the shelf panel 1024. While the
channel 608 of the embodiment depicted above is formed by the
horizontal plate portion 604 being curved, the channel 608 could
alternatively be formed simply by having a recess in the top
surface of the horizontal plate portion 604. So configured, the
bottom surface of the horizontal plate portion 604 does not
necessarily have to be curved, as illustrated.
[0083] This channel concept for receiving adhesive could be applied
to any of the support brackets described above with reference to
FIGS. 7-17. For example, the horizontal legs 104, 204, 404 of the
brackets 100, 200, 400 depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8, FIGS. 9 and 10,
and FIGS. 13 and 14, respectively, could include channels disposed
in the top surfaces 104a, 204a, 304a thereof for receiving
adhesive. Similarly, the top members 302 of the brackets 300
depicted in FIGS. 11 and 12 could include channels disposed in top
surfaces thereof for receiving adhesive. In the embodiment depicted
in FIGS. 11 and 12, the channels could be formed directly into the
horizontal supporting surfaces 304 of the top members 302 of the
brackets 300. Finally, in the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 15-17
channels for receiving adhesive could be formed in the horizontal
top surfaces 504b of the supporting rails 504 of the brackets 500.
Therefore, it should be appreciated that the concept of providing
channels in the top surfaces of the support brackets for receiving
adhesive is not limited to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 18, but
rather, can be applied to any of the embodiments expressly
described herein, as well as any embodiment covered by the scope of
the attached claims.
[0084] As mentioned above, any of the foregoing shelf brackets
100-600 can be constructed of any one or more of a variety of
materials such as metal, plastic, etc. and they may be attached to
the shelf panel 1024 using any one or more of a variety of
different adhesives, or other attachment means. The process and/or
method for assembling these components can also include a variety
of variations.
[0085] For example, in one embodiment the brackets described with
reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, for example, could be constructed of a
sheet metal with an epoxy polyester hybrid powder disposed on them.
The brackets are placed into a fixture and the adhesive, which can
include Loctite 3494 acrylic UV/Visible light-cured adhesive, is
applied to the top surface of the brackets automatically. The glass
shelf panel is then placed into the fixture on top of the adhesive
and a clamping pressure is applied to the top of the glass shelf
panel. The adhesive "wets out," i.e., the adhesive spreads out to a
thickness of about 0.006'' to about 0.010'' thick. The parts are
then passed under a mercury UV lamp (wavelength of about 365 nm, at
about 200-400 watts per inch) for about 12-18 seconds, with the
adhesive being disposed about 5.5'' to about 6'' away from the
lamp. Once the adhesive is cured, the clamping pressure is removed
and the assembly can be removed from the fixture.
[0086] In an alternative to this method, a hot-melt polyurethane
adhesive can be used to secure the shelf panel to the brackets.
First, the brackets are placed into a fixture, and a melted
polyurethane adhesive is applied instead of the UV cured adhesive
described above. The part is again clamped as the adhesive
quick-sets. No lights are needed. The assembly can then be removed
from the fixture.
[0087] In yet another alternative method, an adhesive tape, such as
3M VHB tape, can be used instead of a liquid adhesive. This tape
would be placed onto either the underside of the glass shelf panel
or on the top surface of the support brackets. Protective paper
would then be removed from the tape, and the glass shelf panel and
the support brackets can be joined together in a fixture, similar
to that described above. A small amount of pressure is applied to
the glass shelf panel to set the tape, and then the assembly can be
removed from the fixture.
[0088] While the foregoing embodiments of the shelf assembly 1020
have been described as including shelf panels 1024 with top
surfaces 1023 that are completely free from intrusion or other
obstruction, thereby maximizing the available shelf space,
alternative embodiments of the shelf assembly 1020 can include rear
and/or front trim components. Such rear and/or front trim
components are minimally invasive, but can perform functions that
may be desirable in certain applications.
[0089] For example, as mentioned above, the shelf assemblies 1020
described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, and FIGS. 9 and 10,
include support brackets 100, 200, respectively, that are adapted
to be slidably supported on ribs formed in the side panels of an
appliance such as a refrigerator. Such slidable shelf assemblies
1020 can benefit from the incorporation of rear and front trim
components.
[0090] For example, FIGS. 19-22 illustrate one embodiment of such a
slidable shelf assembly 1020 including, for the sake of
illustration only, the support brackets 100 described above with
reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. The shelf assembly 1020 of FIGS. 19-22
could equally include the support brackets 200 described with
reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. The shelf assembly 1020 includes a
completely flat glass shelf panel 1024, a pair of opposing support
brackets 100, a front trim component 14, and a rear trim component
16. The support brackets 100 are adhered to the bottom of the side
edges of the shelf panel 1024 for slidably supporting the shelf
panel 1024 within a refrigerator in a manner identical to that
described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0091] The front trim component 14 includes an elongated plastic
member with a length substantially identical to the width of the
shelf panel 1024. As shown in more detail in FIG. 21 the front trim
component 14 includes a generally U-shaped attachment portion 18
and a lip portion 20 extending outward from the attachment portion
18. The attachment portion 18 defines an elongated channel 22 with
a plurality of barbed ribs 24 formed on both the upper and lower
legs 18a, 18b of the attachment portion 18 and extending into the
channel 22. The channel 22 receives the front edge of the shelf
panel 1024 such that the barbed ribs 24 frictionally engage the
panel 1024 and fix the front trim component 14 thereto. So
configured, the front trim component 14 and, more particularly, the
lip portion 20 of the front trim component 18 serves as a "bumper,"
for example, to prevent bottles or other glass objects that are
being loaded into the refrigerator from impacting the bare glass
edge of the shelf panel 1024 and breaking the same.
[0092] Referring now to FIG. 22, the rear trim component 16 of the
shelf assembly 1020 is illustrated as being substantially identical
to the front trim component 14, but without the lip portion
extending outward. Instead, the rear trim component 16 merely
includes a generally U-shaped attachment portion 26 having upper
and lower legs 26a, 26b. The attachment portion 26 defines an
elongated channel 28 with a plurality of barbed ribs 30 formed only
on the upper leg 26a of the attachment portion 26. The channel 28
receives the rear edge of the shelf panel 1024 such that the barbed
ribs 30 frictionally engage the shelf panel 1024 and fix the rear
trim component 16 thereto. So configured, the rear trim component
16 serves as a "stopper" to prevent items stored on the back
portion of the shelf panel 1024 from sliding off of the shelf panel
1024 in the event that a user abruptly slides the shelf assembly
1020 out of the refrigerator.
[0093] While FIG. 21 depicts a front trim component 14 that is
U-shaped and receives the front edge of the shelf panel 1024, other
configurations are intended to be within the scope of the present
disclosure. For example, FIG. 23 illustrates an alternative front
trim component 32. The trim component 32 extends generally the
length of and is fixed to the front edge of the shelf panel 1024
with a layer of adhesive 34. The front trim component 32 includes a
generally L-shaped cross-section and includes a horizontal leg 36
and a vertical leg 38 disposed at an angle of approximately
90.degree. relative to the horizontal leg 36. The front trim
component 32 is preferably constructed of a plastic material such
that the vertical leg 38 thereof can absorb the impact of glass
bottles being loaded into the refrigerator, for example, and
prevent breakage. While the trim component 32 in FIG. 23 is
described as being constructed of plastic, other materials are
intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure. One
advantage of the trim component 32 depicted in FIG. 23 is that it
does not interfere with, encroach upon, or otherwise obstruct the
top surface 1023 of the shelf panel 1024. As such, the available
space on the top surface 1023 is maximized while also providing the
"bumper" function.
[0094] The following examples are merely intended to illustrate the
shelf assemblies of the present disclosure, and are not meant to
limit the scope thereof in any way.
EXAMPLES
Examples 1-29
Water Retention Testing
[0095] The shelves having a hydrophobic spill containment pattern
of various embodiments of the present disclosure were tested to
determine that amount of water that could be retained on the shelf
without failure (i.e. leakage). To accommodate for variations in
the area of the shelves, which would affect the volume of liquid
retained, the amount of retained water was measured as the height
of the water retained in the non-hydrophobic region. Testing was
completed by first leveling the shelf using a leveling apparatus.
The shelf can be placed over a tray to catch any leakage from the
shelf. The test water had a temperature in a range of 32.degree. F.
to 50.degree. F. Water was poured slowly so as not to cause "waves"
or "splashes" onto the geometric center of the non-hydrophobic
region. For example, water can be poured onto the shelf using a
small funnel. A screw can be inserted into the funnel to baffle the
flow, if needed. Water can be introduced into the funnel in about 5
mm or about 10 mm increments. Water volume was measured prior to
pouring onto the shelf, using, for example, graduated cylinders.
Water was poured onto the shelf at a distance of about 1 mm to
about 2 mm above the shelf. The shelf was continually filled with
water until overflow just began to occur. The height of the water
retained on the shelf was then determined by dividing the volume of
water poured onto the shelf just prior to overflow by the area of
the non-hydrophobic region.
[0096] Shelves having a hydrophobic spill containment pattern
formed using the Ferro frit, and a 1% solution of
tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane in hexane
applied to the frit, were tested in accordance with the above
described method. The silane was cured on the frit at a temperature
of about 200.degree. F. for about 15 minutes. The spill containment
pattern was formed as a border around the perimeter of the glass
shelf, at or near the edge of the shelf. The shelves were tested at
varying temperatures and humidity conditions. The average water
height retention was about 4.43 mm.
TABLE-US-00001 Examples No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ambient Temperature
(.degree. F.) 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 79 Ambient Humidity (%) 55 55 55
55 56 56 56 56 Area of the Nonhydrophobic 1639.6 1639.6 1639.6
1639.6 1639.6 1639.6 1639.6 1639.6 Region (cm.sup.2) Height of
Retained Water (mm) 4.57 4.45 4.27 4.45 4.39 4.39 4.33 4.33
Examples No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Ambient Temperature (.degree.
F.) 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 Ambient Humidity (%) 55 55 55 55 56 56
56 56 Area of the Nonhydrophobic 1639.6 1639.6 1639.6 1639.6 1639.6
1639.6 1639.6 1639.6 Region (cm.sup.2) Height of Retained Water
(mm) 4.39 4.51 4.39 4.57 4.45 4.51 4.51 4.39
[0097] Shelves prepared with a hydrophobic spill containment
pattern using an acid etch surface treatment and
tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane as the
hydrophobic solution were also tested for water height retention.
Acid etching was performed using Armour Etch.RTM. Glass Etching
Cream. Shelves were prepared by etching for about 3 minutes to
about 6 minutes. Example 25 was etched twice using an etching time
of from 3 to 6 minutes for each etching process. Specifically, a
first etching procedure was performed by applying the etching
solution to the substrate, allowing it to remain on the substrate
for about 3 minutes to about 6 minutes, and washing the etching
solution from the surface of the substrate. A second etching
procedure was then performed by again applying the etching
solution, allowing it to remain on the substrate for about 3
minutes to about 6 minutes, and washing the etching solution from
the surface. The fluorosilane was applied and the shelf was baked
for about 20 minutes at 200.degree. F.
[0098] The shelves were first tested for water height retention
shortly after having the hydrophobic spill containment pattern was
formed and cooled. The shelves were then retested sometime after
the first test. As shown in the data below, in general, the water
height retention properties of the shelves improved after the first
testing. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed
that when the spill containment pattern is first contact with water
after formation, additionally silicon oxide groups remaining on the
surface of silane and/or the surface-modified substrate by
hydrolyzed by the water, thereby creating additional bonding sites
between the silane and the surface-modified substrate and improving
the hydrophobic nature of the spill containment pattern. The
average water height of the acid etch samples was about 5.18 mm.
The average water height of the acid etched shelves, which were
etched for about 3 minutes was about 5.18 mm. The average water
height of the acid etched shelves, which were etched for about 4
minutes was about 5.19 mm. The average water height of the acid
etched shelves, which were etched for about 5 minutes was about
5.18 mm. The average water height of the acid etched shelves, which
were etched for about 6 minutes was about 5.19 mm.
TABLE-US-00002 Examples No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Etch time (min)
3 3 4 6 3 5 3 4 Area of the Nonhydrophobic 982.6 982.6 982.6 982.6
982.6 982.6 982.6 982.6 Region (cm.sup.2) Height of Retained Water
(mm) 5.14 5.09 4.99 5.09 4.86 5.09 5.09 5.09 Retested height of
retained 5.60 5.04 5.34 5.39 5.29 5.39 5.34 5.34 water (mm) Average
5.37 5.06 5.17 5.24 5.08 5.24 5.22 5.22
TABLE-US-00003 Examples No. 25 26 27 28 29 Etch time 2 etching 6 5
6 5 procedures performed Area of the 982.6 982.6 982.6 982.6 982.6
Nonhydrophobic Region (cm.sup.2) Height of 5.09 5.09 5.09 5.09 5.14
Retained Water (mm) Retested height -- 5.14 5.09 5.34 5.29 of
retained water (mm) Average -- 5.11 5.09 5.22 5.22
Example 30
Abrasion Resistance
[0099] The shelves having a hydrophobic spill containment pattern
of various embodiments of the present disclosure were tested to
determine the ability of the shelf to retain a spill (simulated by
water) following repeated abrasion of the hydrophobic treatment.
The amount of water retained by the shelf before failure was
measured before any abrasions were applied using the method
described above and the height of the retained water was
calculated. Next, a one quart glass jar was used to make abrasions
by placing it on the hydrophobic region and sliding the jar
horizontally along the surface of the shelf until the jar has
passed over the entire hydrophobic region. The jar was then slide
back to its original position, passing over the hydrophobic surface
once more. The forward and backward motion of the jar is defined as
one jar abrasion cycle. About fifty jar abrasion cycles were
performed. The water height retention test was repeated after each
fifty abrasion cycles. As shown in FIG. 24, a shelf having a
hydrophobic spill containment pattern formed from a ceramic frit
and a hydrophobic compound did not lose effectiveness for retaining
water in the non-hydrophobic region of the shelf after 300 abrasion
cycles. Shelves having a hydrophobic spill containment pattern
formed by acid etching the substrate and applying the hydrophobic
compound to the acid etched region showed some loss of
effectiveness after 300 abrasion cycles.
Example 31
Resistance to Cleaning
[0100] The shelves having a hydrophobic spill containment pattern
of various embodiments of the present disclosure were tested to
determine the ability of the shelf to retain a spill (water)
following repeated cleaning cycles. First the shelves were tested
prior to any cleaning treatment to determine a baseline water
retention level. Water retention height was tested in accordance
with the method described above. Next, five cleaning cycles for
each of four cleaning methods were performed on the glass shelf. A
cleaning cycle is defined as five forward and backward motions of
the cleaning product/applicator perpendicular to the hydrophobic
treatment with a consistent 2 kg load. Four different cleaning
methods were performed along portions of the hydrophobic spill
containment pattern, including, Windex wiped with a paper towel,
Dawn dish soap wiped with a cotton dish cloth, Formula 409 cleaner
wiped with a sponge, and Clorox wipes. Each cleaning method was
performed on a separate portion of the spill containment pattern.
The water height retention test was repeated after each five
cleaning cycles.
[0101] The Windex/paper towel cleaning method was prepared by
saturating a 5 inch square of paper towel with Windex Original
formula so that the paper towel was completely wet, but not
dripping. The Dawn dish soap/cotton dish cloth method was performed
using a solution containing 2 ml of Dawn dish soap in one liter of
room temperature water. The cotton dish cloth was then dipped in
the solution and applied to the shelf. The Formula 409/sponge
method was performed by cutting a sponge into an approximately 1
inch by 1 inch square and saturating the sponge with Formula 409
All Purpose Cleaner. The Clorox wipe method was performed using a
Clorox Wipe folded into a 1 inch by 1 inch square. All methods were
performed using a 2 kg mass applied to the applicator.
[0102] As shown in FIG. 25, a shelf having a hydrophobic pattern
formed from a ceramic frit and a hydrophobic compound did not lose
effectiveness after 30 cleaning cycles. Shelves having a
hydrophobic spill containment pattern formed by acid etching the
glass substrate and applying a hydrophobic compound to the etched
portion minimally lost effectiveness after 30 cleaning cycles.
Example 32
Stain Resistance
[0103] Stain resistance of a shelf having a hydrophobic spill
containment pattern in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure was tested against a variety of staining agents,
including, spaghetti sauce, canned beets, grape juice, yellow
mustard, butter, Italian dressing, cherry Kool-Aid, and Soy sauce.
Each staining agent was applied to approximately one inch areas of
the shelf, including a portion of the hydrophobic spill containment
pattern and the non-hydrophobic region, and then allowed to stand
for approximately 72 hours. The majority of the dried material was
then wiped from the shelf with a paper towel and clean wash cloth
containing a mixture of water and Dawn dish soap was used to remove
any remnants of the material. As shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B, a
shelf having a hydrophobic still containment pattern formed from a
ceramic frit and a hydrophobic compound in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure was stain resistant to all
staining agents.
[0104] As earlier described, the hydrophobic surface arranged in a
spill containment pattern in accordance with the preferred
embodiments provides a spill containment feature which prevents
spilled liquids from leaking off of the top surface of the shelf,
and shelves in accordance with the preferred embodiments can be
used in various applications, such as refrigerator shelves.
[0105] It will be apparent to those skilled in the pertinent arts
that other embodiments of shelving members in accordance with the
invention may be designed. That is, the principles of shelving
members in accordance with the disclosure are not limited to the
specific embodiments described herein. For example, shelf members
or other support surfaces having a hydrophobic spill containment
surfaces could be used in various settings, such as shelving in
other settings, tables, countertops or the like, and are not
limited to use as refrigerator shelves.
[0106] Further, it will be apparent to those skilled in the
pertinent art that any method which may be used for creating a
hydrophobic surface arranged in a spill containment pattern in
substantially the same plane as the top surface of the shelf member
is within the scope of the disclosure described herein, even if
such method requires the use of multiple pieces to manufacture the
shelf member. For example, a frame of hydrophobic material may be
bonded to the shelf member such that it forms a continuous border
which is generally in the same plane as the top surface of the
shelf. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art
that modifications and other variations of the above-described
illustrative embodiments of the disclosure may be effected without
departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the
invention.
* * * * *