U.S. patent application number 14/755148 was filed with the patent office on 2016-01-28 for sport performance monitoring apparatus, process, and method of use.
The applicant listed for this patent is Chris Norcross Bender, Roger S. Bishop, Kay Daniel Vetter. Invention is credited to Chris Norcross Bender, Roger S. Bishop, Kay Daniel Vetter.
Application Number | 20160023044 14/755148 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48082594 |
Filed Date | 2016-01-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160023044 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bender; Chris Norcross ; et
al. |
January 28, 2016 |
SPORT PERFORMANCE MONITORING APPARATUS, PROCESS, AND METHOD OF
USE
Abstract
A sports monitoring system and method. One disclosed system can
be used during skiing and includes a controller transceiver that
can be hand held, two ski boot pressure monitor/transmitters, and
earphones connectable to the controller/transceiver. The system can
be used to provide, through the earphones, sound indicative of
pressure applied or not applied by a skier toward a portion of a
boot while skiing. The system may also include a proximity sensor
mounted within one of the ski boot pressure monitor/transmitters.
The system can thereby provide sound responsive to the proximity
detector's detection of one boot being at or not at a distance, or
within or outside of a distance range, with respect to the other
boot.
Inventors: |
Bender; Chris Norcross;
(Reno, NV) ; Bishop; Roger S.; (Dayton, NV)
; Vetter; Kay Daniel; (Reno, NV) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Bender; Chris Norcross
Bishop; Roger S.
Vetter; Kay Daniel |
Reno
Dayton
Reno |
NV
NV
NV |
US
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
48082594 |
Appl. No.: |
14/755148 |
Filed: |
June 30, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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13652421 |
Oct 15, 2012 |
9078485 |
|
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14755148 |
|
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61547614 |
Oct 14, 2011 |
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61713464 |
Oct 12, 2012 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
340/666 ;
73/820 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B 3/10 20130101; A63B
24/0062 20130101; A63B 69/18 20130101; A43B 5/0415 20130101; G01N
3/08 20130101; G09B 19/0038 20130101; A43B 3/0015 20130101; A43B
3/0021 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A63B 24/00 20060101
A63B024/00; G01N 3/08 20060101 G01N003/08; G08B 3/10 20060101
G08B003/10; A63B 69/18 20060101 A63B069/18 |
Claims
1. A boot pressure monitoring system comprising: a controller
comprising a left boot pressure sensor input communicable with a
left boot pressure indicator and a right boot pressure sensor input
communicable with a right boot pressure indicator; a left flexible
boot pressure sensor communicable with the left boot pressure
sensor input; and a right flexible boot pressure sensor
communicable with the right boot pressure sensor input, wherein
each flexible boot pressure sensor comprises a flexible bladder
with an interior, material-container compartment, and a pressure
sensor communicable with the flexible bladder.
2. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 1 wherein the
flexible bladder is a gas bladder, and the material-container
compartment is a gas-container compartment.
3. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 1 wherein the
flexible bladder is configured to be frictionally engaged with the
inner surface of a boot.
4. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 1 wherein the left
boot pressure indicator further comprises a left boot pressure
audio output, and the right boot pressure indicator further
comprises a right boot pressure audio output.
5. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 4 wherein the left
boot pressure indicator comprises a left earphone, and the left
boot pressure indicator comprises a right earphone.
6. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 1 wherein left boot
pressure indicator comprises a left pressure threshold adjuster,
and the right boot pressure indicator comprises a right pressure
threshold adjuster.
7. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 4 wherein the left
boot pressure indicator comprises a left pressure threshold
adjuster, and the right boot pressure indicator comprises a right
pressure threshold adjuster.
8. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 5 wherein the left
boot pressure indicator comprises a left pressure threshold
adjuster, and the right boot pressure indicator comprises a right
pressure threshold adjuster communicable with the right boot
pressure indicator.
9. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 1 wherein each
flexible boot pressure sensor comprises a wireless pressure
information transmitter and the controller comprises a wireless
pressure information receiver.
10. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 1 wherein each
flexible pressure boot sensor further comprises an arcuate housing
with the flexible bladder extending from the arcuate housing, with
the arcuate housing comprising a battery compartment and a pressure
sensor circuit.
11. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 1 further
comprising: a boot proximity sensor; and a proximity sensor
indicator communicable with the proximity sensor.
12. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 11 wherein the
boot proximity sensor indicator comprises a proximity audio
output.
13. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 12 wherein the
proximity audio output comprises at least one earphone.
14. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 12, wherein the
controller includes the proximity sensor indicator and further
comprises a proximity adjuster.
15. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 14, further
comprising: a left pressure threshold adjuster including a left
boot pressure audio output; and a right pressure threshold adjuster
including a right boot pressure audio output.
16. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 5 further
comprising: a boot proximity sensor; and a proximity sensor
indicator communicable with the proximity sensor.
17. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 16 wherein the
boot proximity sensor indicator comprises a proximity audio output
communicable with at least one of the left and right earphones.
18. The boot pressure monitoring system of claim 17 wherein the
controller further comprises a proximity adjuster communicable with
the boot proximity sensor indicator.
19. A method of boot pressure monitoring comprising: monitoring
left leg pressure against a left flexible bladder in an interior
portion of a left boot; monitoring right leg pressure against a
right flexible bladder in an interior portion of a right boot;
providing a left audio signal based on the monitored left leg
pressure; and providing a right audio signal based on the monitored
right leg pressure.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the left audio signal is
provided directly to a left ear, and the right audio signal is
provided directly to a right ear.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the left audio signal is based
on the left leg pressure exceeding a left leg pressure threshold,
and the right audio signal is based on the right leg pressure
exceeding a right leg pressure threshold.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein, the left flexible bladder a
left gas bladder and monitoring left leg pressure comprises
monitoring left gas pressure in the left gas bladder; and the right
flexible bladder is a right gas bladder and monitoring right leg
pressure comprises monitoring right gas pressure in the right gas
bladder.
24. The method of claim 19, further comprising monitoring boot
proximity and providing a proximity audio signal based on the
monitored boot proximity as compared to a proximity threshold.
25. A ski monitoring system comprising: a left ski boot pressure
sensor transmitter comprising (i) an arcuate housing mountable
adjacent the upper edge of a left ski boot and (ii) a left pressure
detector extending from the arcuate housing and mountable within
and adjacent a left leg surrounding portion of the left ski boot;
and a right ski boot pressure sensor transmitter comprising an
arcuate housing (i) mountable adjacent the upper edge of a right
ski boot and (ii) a right pressure detector extending from the
arcuate housing and mountable within and adjacent a right leg
surrounding portion of the right ski boot.
26. The ski boot monitoring system of claim 25 including a
proximity sensor mounted within at least one among the left ski
boot pressure sensor transmitter and left ski boot pressure sensor
transmitter.
27. The ski boot monitoring system of claim 25 wherein each among
the left pressure detector and right pressure detector comprise a
bladder containing pressure-responsive matter.
28. The ski boot monitoring system of claim 28 wherein: (i) each of
the left ski boot pressure sensor transmitter and the right ski
boot pressure sensor transmitter comprise a wireless transmitter;
and (ii) further including a wireless receiver/controller
communicable with left and right earphones.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present Application for patent is a continuation of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 13/652,421 entitled "SPORT PERFORMANCE
MONITORING APPARATUS, INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE BOOT PRESSURE SENSOR
COMMUNICABLE WITH A BOOT PRESSURE SENSOR INPUT, PROCESS AND METHOD
OF USE," filed Oct. 15, 2012, which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional Application No. 61/547,614 entitled "SPORT PERFORMANCE
MONITORING APPARATUS, PROCESS AND METHOD OF USE," filed Oct. 14,
2011 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/713,464 entitled
"SPORT' PERFORMANCE MONITORING APPARATUS, PROCESS AND METHOD OF
USE," filed Oct. 12, 2012, both of which Provisional Applications
are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety
including the source code appendix of U.S. Provisional Application
No. 61/713,464.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
[0002] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains
or may contain material subject to copyright protection. The
copyright owner has no objection to the photocopy reproduction of
the patent document or the patent disclosure in exactly the form it
appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records,
but otherwise reserves copyright rights.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to sport training devices. In
one particular embodiment, pressure distribution and/or limb
proximity are monitored in real time.
BACKGROUND
[0004] The typical ski turn is a collection of decision points that
the skier makes starting with where to turn. Once that decision is
made, a cascade of other decisions and actions occur dependant on
when that first decision was made.
[0005] In order to properly initiate a ski turn, varying degrees of
forward pressure are exerted against the tongue of a ski boot. In
one common turn in ski racing for example, the skier first exerts
neutral forward pressure, followed by increasing continual forward
pressure in varying degrees. The proper timing and maintenance of
forward pressure can, depending on skiing conditions, improve the
shape of the turn, the control of the turn, the speed of the skier,
the direction of the turn, the quickness of edge transitions and
many other nuances of a ski turn. These factors apply in varying
degrees to varying ski conditions and circumstances such as
recreational, racing, powder, groomed, ice, and bump or mogul
skiing as well as many other types of skiing and ski conditions.
Teaching and training proper form with respect to ski turns is
particularly difficult due to both the difficulty in externally
observing forward or other pressure and ski proximity, as well as
the inability to communicate the form break to the skier at the
moment the problem occurs.
[0006] One mechanical strategy of attempting to compensate for
improper pressure distribution and ski proximity involves changing
the physical shaping of skis. Shaping of the ski does make skiing
easier, but it does not by itself solve the full range of issues
that result from improper pressure distribution and ski proximity.
For example, in ski racing, if the skier is not leaning forward
sufficiently, a turn can be initiated, but the racer can lose edge
control as a result, skidding and losing speed or time through the
course as a result. This loss of control in one turn can cause
further loss of control in one or more subsequent turns as well as
complete loss of control and exit from the race course. The
difference between a correct turn and a bad turn is often a direct
result of whether or not the skier is leaning forward sufficiently
and applying sufficient forward pressure to the portions of the ski
boots abutting the skier's lower shin as well as by whether the
skis are appropriately spaced, or in some cases (e.g., bump skiing)
not spaced, from one another
[0007] Various electronic systems have been provided to try to
provide real-time feedback to the skier. These systems have
typically used small, spot electronic sensors selectively
positioned by the skier in order obtain response. These systems
have proven to be too inaccurate due to their small size and
inability to detect leg pressure across the surface of the tongue
of the ski boot
[0008] Additional disadvantages of the use of electronic spot
sensors included the cost of electronic sensors, the use of
multiple sensors to obtain accurate monitoring in a single ski
boot, frequent adjustment to the location of the sensor within the
boot in order to obtain the most accurate monitoring, and
compromised durability due to susceptibility to weather conditions
and friction.
[0009] Yet another disadvantage of these electronic systems is that
have not provided any detection of ski proximity. In certain types
of skiing conditions and in ski racing in particular, the feet
should be sufficiently independent and the hips should not be
locked in position with respect to the legs and feet. Further, when
the feet are sufficiently separated and distanced from one another,
the skier can generate edge pressure without ing the body to one
side. If a skier is notified only of pressure distribution without
also being notified of ski proximity, the skier can generate
adequate forward pressure by means of improper ski separation. The
applicants have discovered that, since ski proximity is such an
important part of proper turn execution as well as in other aspects
of skiing, the lack of proximity monitoring results in an
incomplete solution to the training challenges surrounding proper
ski turns and other aspects of skiing.
[0010] Another disadvantage of prior electronic methods is many
have not reported changes in pressure against the tongue of a ski
boot of each limb independently. They have not associated each
sensor with a specific limb, and therefore they have not indicated
to the skier which leg was failing to, for example, exceeded a
given pressure threshold. Further, the absence of independent,
limb-associated sensors has prevented the skier from being able to
adjust sensitivity independently for each sensor. This has resulted
in an underreported window of improper pressure for one of the two
limbs. Prior systems for monitoring skier lean have also typically
employed uncomfortable or cumbersome mountings to the ski boot, the
ankle, or a combination of the ski boot and ankles. Many of these
systems have required semi-permanent to permanent positioning
within the ski boot, making maintenance and location adjustment
difficult.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME ASPECTS OF DISCLOSURE
[0011] The applicants believe that they have discovered at least
one or more of the problems and issues with prior art systems noted
above as well as advantages variously provided by differing
embodiments sports performance monitoring apparatus and methods
disclosed in this specification.
[0012] In some embodiments, a monitoring system includes pressure
sensors respectively adjacent each of a portion of a person's limbs
to independently report pressure applied, and/or not applied, to
the sensor by the associated limb. In some embodiments, the
pressure sensors wirelessly report sensed pressure or absence of
pressure to one or more remote reporting device. In some
embodiments, sensors can be independently adjusted as desired.
[0013] In certain instances, a monitoring system provides a
persistent association between a limb and a particular sensor and
wirelessly reports information relating to interaction between the
sensor and the limb. In some instances, the system provides
information allowing the user to learn about that interaction in
real time and, if desired, seek to adjust the user's performance in
real time as a result.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the one or more remote reporting
devices can provide an audible sound or other indication in
response to information received from one or more sensor. In
certain instances, the one or more remote reporting devices provide
a left limb audio report to the left ear of the person and a right
limb audio monitor report to the right ear of the person.
[0015] In some embodiments, at least one sensor includes a bladder,
material within the bladder, and a monitor of pressure of the
bladder or material in the bladder. In some embodiments, the
material within the bladder may be a gel, a fluid, or a mixture of
a gel and fluid. In certain embodiments, the fluid may be a liquid;
a gas, or a mixture of liquid and gas.
[0016] In some instances, at least a portion of the sensor extends
adjacent or within a substantial vertical length of a boot. In
certain embodiments, the sensor includes a transmitter, and in some
embodiments, the transmitter is mountable external of a boot or
other footwear. In certain embodiments, the transmitter it
mountable to the upper edge of a boot, such as a ski boot in some
instances, or other footwear.
[0017] In some embodiments, the bladder can extend from a housing
containing a transmitter and pressure sensor. In some embodiments,
the pressure sensor can monitor pressure or in the bladder and the
transmitter can transmit signals based upon or related to the level
of pressure sensed by the sensor. As noted above, in certain
embodiments, the transmitter can do so wirelessly.
[0018] In some instances, the bladder is mountable adjacent the
tongue or other portion of a boot, such as a ski boot for example.
Pressure in the bladder can increase or decrease in response to
pressure applied by a lower leg in the direction of the boot tongue
or other portion adjacent to which the bladder is mounted.
[0019] In some embodiments, the bladder liner can made of a
relatively soft, resilient, elastic, and flexible material. In some
embodiments, the bladder liner can include or be made of rubber or
synthetic rubber.
[0020] In certain instances, the bladder or other sensor can have a
relatively long axially extending section, being (i) relatively
wide transverse to axis of the axially extending section and (ii)
relatively thin transverse to the relatively wide dimension. In
some embodiments, the pressure of material within the bladder
corresponds to changes in pressure against the bladder and tongue
of the boot. This pressure can be sensed by a pressure sensor.
[0021] In some embodiments, the bladder can be naturally,
conveniently, and/or imperceptibly held in place by friction as a
result of the large surface area being in contact with the bladder.
In some embodiments, the bladder can allow for a distribution of
pressure against and along the surface of the leg within the boot,
thus improving comfort and in some instance providing easier
long-term use. At least certain embodiments of a bladder can be
more economical to implement than one or more piezoelectric or
other electronic pressure sensing devices.
[0022] In some embodiments, the transmitter is relatively small and
has one or more of a generally planar lower side, a curved, arcuate
mid-section extending upwardly from the lower side, and a bladder
extending from through the lower side of the transmitter body. The
curved, arcuate mid-section (or other formation of the transmitter)
can include one or more removable battery compartments, batteries,
and associated removal structure for gaining access to the one or
more battery compartments. At least some of these embodiments can
be easily mounted inside a boot, such as a ski boot for example,
with the bladder extending within the boot while the transmitter
rests on the upper edge of the boot adjacent and somewhat
surrounding the user's leg. Some such embodiments can be
lightweight as well.
[0023] In some embodiments, the bladder can include a bleed valve.
In certain embodiments, the bleed valve can enable the material
within the bladder, such as gas in some embodiments, to escape when
external pressure decreases past a certain point, in some
embodiments, the bleed valve can help prevent damage or undesired
change in shape of the bladder as the bladder is transported to
differing altitudes.
[0024] In certain embodiments, the system can include a controller
communicable with the transmitter. In some instances, the
controller can include a wireless receiver or transceiver. The
receiver or transceiver can be adapted to receive transmissions
from the transmitter.
[0025] In some embodiments, the controller can be relatively small,
lightweight, and/or having a curved peripheral shape adapted to be
easily grasped by a human hand. Certain instances can be easily
handheld and placed in a pocket, such as a jacket or pants pocket
for example.
[0026] In some embodiments, the system can include headphones or
earphones. The headphones or earphones can be adapted to monitor or
report sound in response to pressure sensed by the limb pressure
sensors. In some embodiments earphones can be very small,
lightweight, and/or inexpensive. In other embodiments, the system
can include one or more speakers.
[0027] In some embodiments, the user can adjust one or more
thresholds (pressure levels) detected by the sensor. In some
embodiments, a threshold may be set to report pressure going below
a predetermined level on or in the sensor. In a skiing application
for example, pressure going below this threshold in a boot can
cause sound to emit within the associated ear of the person,
alerting the person to the situation. The system can be altered to
set thresholds as desired and to emit sound, varying sound levels,
varying types of sound, or other information (such as pressure
level data for example) in the event that, or as, pressure
increases or decreases and/or goes above or below one or more
thresholds.
[0028] In various embodiments, a proximity sensor system can detect
distance between limbs, portions of limbs, or associated structure.
In some embodiments, the system can determine if such a distance is
within, or outside of a preferred range. In some embodiments, a
predetermined proximity range can be adjusted by the user to allow
for more precise feedback to assisting the user in correcting the
distance between the user's limbs or associated structure.
[0029] In some embodiments, the sports performance monitoring
apparatus may be used for improvements in skiing technique by
detecting pressure applied to the front of each respective ski
boot. This allows a skier to know which leg has insufficient
forward pressure, enabling the skier to correct pressure
application for that leg.
[0030] In various embodiments, a proximity sensor can generate real
time feedback indicating to the skier that the distance between
their skis is inside or outside a preferred range. In some
embodiments, a defined proximity range can be adjusted by the skier
to allow for more precise feedback to assisting the skier in
correcting the distance between their skis.
[0031] In some embodiments, one or more proximity sensors and
pressure sensors are combined in order to improve the quality and
quantity of feedback to the user. In some embodiments, providing an
indication that the distance separating the skis are outside of a
given range can allow the skier to more easily determine if the
skier is correcting pressure distribution by improperly positioning
the skier's skis rather than properly redistributing pressure. In
addition, through simultaneous monitoring of pressure and proximity
the skier can instantly determine if a break in form with respect
to desired ski separation correlates to concurrent improper
pressure distribution.
[0032] In some embodiments, the sports performance monitoring
apparatus generates distinctive types of notifications that allow a
skier to receive simultaneous feedback for both proximity of skis
and skier weight distribution or lean, enabling the skier to make
instantaneous adjustments. In some embodiments, the sports
performance monitoring apparatus generates distinct audible tones
indicating to the skier whether the tone is associated with ski
proximity or with pressure distribution, enabling the skier to make
the proper type of correction.
[0033] In some embodiments, the sports performance monitoring
system is lightweight, economical, and/or easy to use and maintain.
In certain instances, such a system includes two lightweight sensor
units (each having (i) a wireless transmitter housing mountable
externally from a boot, and (ii) a pressure sensor with sensing
structure (a) extending downwardly form the housing and (b)
mountable within a boot), a lightweight controller, and lightweight
earbuds connected to the controller. In some embodiments, the
controller includes one or more of the following features: (i)
adjustable volume controls; (ii) independently adjustable left
pressure and right pressure threshold ranges; independent
single-button calibration of left pressure and right pressure
reference points; (iv) independent led indicators of active
transmission from the left boot sensor unit and the right boot
sensor unit; and (v) dual-button switch to calibrate and toggle
proximity detection activation.
[0034] In some embodiments, the sports performance monitoring
system includes two distinct sensor/transmitter components. One of
these two components includes a controller, a proximity sensor, a
pressure sensor and a transmitter (hereinafter referred to as the
"master boot sensor unit"). The other of these two components
includes a controller, a pressure sensor and a transmitter
(hereinafter referred to as the "secondary boot sensor unit"). In
some embodiments, proximity detection is accomplished by the
proximity sensor detecting and measuring the strength of the
pressure signal transmitted by the secondary boot sensor unit. This
has the advantage of reducing the number of sub-components used to
detect and report proximity, relying on an unrelated pressure
signal and incorporating minimal additional components in the
master boot sensor unit, namely, an antenna and receiver.
[0035] In some embodiments, the system includes sensor transmission
techniques that seek to minimize interference between the system's
multiple transmitters. In certain instances, the technique includes
unconditional asynchronous transmission by the secondary
sensor/transmitter and selective or conditional asynchronous
transmission by a master sensor/transmitter that monitors the
unconditional asynchronous transmission.
[0036] In some methods of sports performance monitoring, the
pressure measured by a pressure sensor associated with at least one
limb is monitored to provide feedback to a user. In some methods,
sensors associated with a left boot pressure and a right boot
pressure are monitored to provide more precise feedback to a user
to improve sport performance. In some embodiments, a left audio
signal is provided based on a monitored left leg pressure and a
right audio signal is provided based on a monitored right leg
pressure. In some embodiments, proximity between two limbs is also
monitored to provide very accurate feedback to a user to quickly
improve their skiing ability and technique. Many other novel
methods are disclosed herein as well.
[0037] There are other novel aspects of the present application.
They will become apparent as this specification proceeds. It is
therefore to be understood that the scope of the invention is to be
determined by the claims as issued and not by whether the claimed
subject matter solves any particular problem or all of them,
provides any particular features or all of them, or meets any
particular objective or group of objectives set fourth in the
Background or Summary
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] The preferred and other embodiments are shown in the
accompanying drawings in which:
[0039] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sports monitoring system
operated by a skier according to an exemplary embodiment disclosed
herein;
[0040] FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the boot sensor unit of
FIG. 1 positioned in a ski boat partially cut out;
[0041] FIG. 3 is a rear cross-sectional view of the boot sensor
unit of FIG. 2 mounted adjacent the boot tongue;
[0042] FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the boot sensor
unit of FIG. 2;
[0043] FIG. 5 is a side perspective view showing various components
including the transmitter and receiver of the boot sensor unit of
FIG. 2;
[0044] FIG. 6 is a front perspective view of a hand controller unit
of the system of FIG. 1;
[0045] FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the hand
controller unit illustrated in FIG. 6;
[0046] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of components associated with
a master boot sensor unit of FIG. 2;
[0047] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of components of the secondary
boot transmitter unit of FIG. 2;
[0048] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the components of the hand
controller unit of FIGS. 6-7;
[0049] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the communication links
between the controller circuitry in the hand controller unit, the
secondary boot sensor unit, and the master boot sensor unit;
[0050] FIG. 12 is a flow chart of functions performed by the
components of the sports monitoring system of FIG. 11;
[0051] FIG. 13 is a flow chart of software process of the master
boot sensor unit of the sports monitoring system of FIG. 11;
[0052] FIG. 14 is a flow chart of the software process of the
secondary boot sensor unit of the sports monitoring system of FIGS.
11; and
[0053] FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C is a flow chart of the software
process of the hand controller unit of the sports monitoring system
of FIG. 11.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED AND OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0054] The following description provides examples, and is not
limiting of the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in
the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of
elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of
the disclosure. Various embodiments may omit, substitute, or add
various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the
methods described may be performed in an order different from that
described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined.
Also, features described with respect to certain embodiments may be
combined in other embodiments.
[0055] With reference to FIG. 1, a skier 10 wearing ski boots 12,
which are connected to a pair of skis 14, and holding a pair of ski
poles 16 is described. The skier 10 is using an exemplary
embodiment of a sports monitoring system, which includes two boot
sensor units 20, 22 in communication with a hand controller unit
24. The boot sensor units 20, 22 communicates information regarding
the performance of the skier's respective limbs, here the skier's
legs, to the skier 10. More particularly, the boot sensor units 20,
22 measures when insufficient pressure, via pressure sensors, is
being applied to each respective boot 12 by the skier 10. This
information is communicated to the skier 10 via a hand controller
unit 24, which may be a wireless controller unit insertable into a
pocket of the skier 10. In some embodiments, feedback relating to
data received by the hand controller unit 24 from the pressure
sensors is communicated to the skier 10 via earphones 26. At least
one of the boot sensor units 20, 22 may also contain a proximity
sensor, with feedback relating to ski proximity simultaneously
communicated to the skier 10 via earphones 26, with the feedback
relating to pressure being audibly distinct from feedback relating
to proximity.
[0056] In alternative embodiments, the hand controller unit. 24 may
communicate with at least one boot sensor unit 20, 22 through a
wire connection. In other embodiments, the boot sensor units 20, 22
may communicate with the hand controller unit 24 via tubes capable
of containing a gas, wherein the pressure sensors are air pressure
sensors and are located in the hand controller unit 24.
[0057] With reference to FIG. 2, the boot sensor unit 20, 22
includes a gas-filled bladder 30 made of thin rubber extending from
a housing 32, which includes at least a transmitter and a pressure
sensor. Each gas-filled bladder is easily insertable between the
ski boot 12 and a leg of the skier 10. In the embodiment of FIG. 2,
the gas-filled bladder 30 is inserted between the shin of the skier
10 and a tongue 28 of the ski boot 12. The gas-filled bladder 30 is
held in place by friction created between the gas-filled bladder 30
and the shin of the skier 10 and between the gas-filled bladder 30
and an inward face of the tongue 28 of the ski boot 12.
[0058] The housing 32 is held in place approximately one inch above
the top of the tongue 28 of the ski boot 12 by a strap 33. The
strap 33 is fastened using Velcro. Alternatively, the bottom side
of the housing 32 could rest on the top edge of the boot tongue 28
or other upper boot structure.
[0059] The gas-filled bladder 30 is communicatively coupled to at
least one pressure sensor that senses pressure of a material
contained within the gas-filled bladder 30. The material within the
gas-filled bladder 30 may be a gel, a fluid, or a mixture of a gel
and fluid. In certain embodiments, the fluid may be a liquid; a
gas, or a mixture of liquid and gas. In the embodiment of FIG. 2,
the material contained within the gas-filled bladder 30 is ambient
air. The pressure of the material within the gas-filled bladder 30
corresponds to changes in pressure against the gas-filled bladder
30 and the tongue 28 of the ski boot 12.
[0060] The gas-filled bladder 30 is made of a relatively soft,
resilient, elastic, and flexible material. The gas-filled bladder
30 can include or be made of rubber or synthetic rubber. The
gas-filled bladder 30 includes a relatively long axially extending
section, being relatively wide transverse to axis of the axially
extending section and relatively thin transverse to the relatively
wide dimension. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the gas-filled bladder
is approximately 8.5 inches long with 0.5 inches of the gas-filled
bladder located within the housing 32 to ensure an air-tight seal
between the gas-filled bladder 30 and the housing 32. The length of
the gas-filled bladder 30 can increase or decrease by anywhere from
10 to 50 percent to better function in different sized boots, ski
boots 12, or to provide better sensing, reduce power consumption,
etc. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the gas-filled bladder is
approximately 1 inch wide and can theoretically increase to
approximately 0.75 inches in depth given full air pressure in the
gas-filled bladder 30 to provide accurate pressure sensing without
causing discomfort to the skier 10. These dimensions can increase
or decrease by anywhere from 10 to 50 percent to better function in
different sized boots, ski boots 12, or to provide better sensing,
reduce power consumption, etc. It should further be appreciated
that the shape of the gas-filled bladder 30 can include various
other shapes that, for example, can be inserted between the tongue
28 of the ski boot 12 and the skier 10's leg.
[0061] In alternative embodiments, the boot sensor units 20, 22 may
include any pressure sensor system that senses pressure along a
substantial length of the front of the ski boot 12. These
alternative embodiments may include in substitution of or in
combination with the gas-filled bladder 30, any of a number of
types of pressure sensors placed along a substantial length of the
tongue 28 of the ski boot 12 to accurately detect changes in
pressure. Any of a number of types of pressure sensors may include,
for example compressed gas pressure sensors, piezoresistive strain
gauge sensors, capacitive pressure sensors, electromagnetic
pressure sensors, piezoelectric pressure sensors, and
potentiometric sensors. The specific operation of the pressure
sensory(s) will be furthered described in reference to FIG. 8
below. It should also be appreciated that such alternative
configurations can be used to detect backward pressure against the
ski boot 12, lack of backward pressure against the ski boot 12, or
excess pressure against the front of the ski boot 12.
[0062] With reference to FIG. 3, a more detailed rear view of an
exemplary embodiment of the boot sensor unit 20, 22 including a
gas-filled bladder 30 extending from the housing 32 is described in
contact with the tongue 28 of the ski boot 12. However, it should
appreciated that the gas-filled bladder 30 may also be inserted
between the leg of the skier 10 and the back of the ski boot 12, or
any other position desirable for the improvement of sport
performance. For example, in skiing powder conditions, it may be
useful for the skier 10 to be notified when insufficient backward
pressure is exerted against the ski boot 12 to help the skier 10
keep the skis 14 afloat and prevent the front of the skis 14 from
diving into the snow. In this or other circumstances, it may be
useful to place the boot sensor unit 20, 22 in the back of the ski
boot 12 between the calf of the skier 10 and a back portion of the
ski boot 12. Similarly, it may be useful to notify the skier 10
when too much forward pressure is exerted against the tongue 28 of
the ski boot 12. This and other such configurations will be further
discussed in reference to FIG. 6 below.
[0063] With reference to FIG. 4, an exploded side view of an
exemplary embodiment of the boot sensor unit 20, 22 including the
gas-filled bladder 30 extending from the housing 32 is described.
The housing 32 is a molded plastic housing. In some embodiments, a
button 34, which serves to activate the tact power/reset switch 38,
also serves as a bleed valve when located on an upper portion of
the housing 32. The purpose of the bleed valve 34 is to allow for
pressure normalization at altitude, thus allowing the gas-filled
bladder 30 to maintain a normal shape. The tact power/reset switch
38 is protected from unintentional operation by a plastic
protective barrier 40. In certain embodiments, the protective
barrier 40 is integral to the plastic housing 32. A metal mounting
plate 42 connects the housing 32 to a gas-filled bladder plug 44. A
cover plate 46, made of bonded rubber, slips over the gas-filled
bladder 30 to seal the housing 32 and create an air-tight
compartment including a combination of the gas-filled bladder 30
and the housing 32. Fasteners 35, 36 attach the cover plate 46 to
the housing 32 to create an air-tight compartment. In the
embodiment of FIG. 4, fasteners 35, 36 are threaded screws.
[0064] In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the housing 32 has an arcuate
shape in the horizontal plane with an interior radius (to be placed
in contact with the skier 10's leg) of approximately 1.585 inches
and an exterior radius of approximately 0.44 inches. The housing 32
is approximately 2.275 inches tall and approximately 2.879 inches
wide and has a depth of approximately 0.726 inches from the
interior radius to the exterior radius. Some or all of these
dimensions may be increase or decrease anywhere between 10 to 50
percent to reduce weight, to improve sensing, etc. In alternative
embodiments, the shape of the housing 32 may also be configured to
rest above the back of the ski boot 12 and against the calf of the
skier 10.
[0065] Also with reference to FIG. 4, two FLASH-based
microcontrollers, one including a transmitter 48, and the other
including a receiver 50 are described. The transmitter 48 is a UHF
ASK/FSK transmitter and the receiver 50 is a UHF ASK/FSK/FM
receiver. Both transmitter 48 and receiver 50 are powered by a DC
power supply, for example two "AA" alkaline batteries 52, 53. It
should be appreciated that various power sources may also be used
and may be located separate from the boot sensor unit 20, 22, such
as a battery pack wired to the boot sensor unit 20, 22 attachable
to a rear of the ski boot 12 or insertable into a pocket of the
skier 10. In alternative embodiments, the DC power source may be
located external to the boot sensor unit 20, 22 and may wireless
communicate with the boot sensor unit 20, 22. The DC power source
may be charged via a wireless charging platform. In alternative
embodiments, the various components of the boot sensor unit 20, 22
may be consolidated to reduce size and or power consumption of the
boot sensor unit 20, 22. The functionality of these components, and
various alternative components and schemes to carry out these
functionalities, will be further described with reference to FIGS.
5, 8, 9, and 11 below.
[0066] In some embodiments, each boot sensor unit 20, 22 weighs
approximately 5.7 ounces with the two "AA" alkaline batteries 52,
53 inserted into the housing 32. In some embodiments, the weight of
the two boot sensor units 20 and 22 differs based on added
functionally included in one or more boot sensor units 20 and 22.
For example, one boot sensor unit 20, 22 includes a proximity
sensor and weighs approximately 5.9 ounces with the two "AA"
alkaline batteries 52, 53 inserted into the housing 32. These
weights may increase or decrease from 10 to 50 percent, depending
on design. In some embodiments, these weights may decease even
further--up to 95 percent may be possible with use of micro- and
nanotechnologies.
[0067] With reference to FIG. 5, a side perspective view of an
exemplary embodiment of negative spring terminals 54, 55, a
positive spring terminal 56, and the two microcontroller boards,
transmitter 48 and receiver 50 is described. One microcontroller
board includes a FLASH-based microcontroller with the UHF ASK/FSK
transmitter 48, and the other includes the UHF ASK/FSK/FM receiver
50 as described in reference to FIG. 4. In the embodiment of FIG.
5, the transmitter 48 includes a Microchip.RTM. rfPIC12f675 and the
receiver 50 includes a Microchip.RTM. rfRXD0920, including some or
all of the functionality associated therein. The tact power/reset
switch 38 is connected to the transmitter 48 and the receiver
50.
[0068] In alternative embodiments, the tact power/reset switch 38
may be connected to only one of the transmitter 48 and the receiver
50.
[0069] The transmitter 48, the receiver 50 or both may include, for
example, a short-range radio frequency (RF) transmitter that sends
an RF signal to the hand controller unit 24. It will be readily
understood that the transmitter 48 may include any type of wireless
transmitter, including, for example, an amplitude modulation (AM)
transmitter, a short range digital transmission system such as a
Bluetooth.RTM. or Zigbee.RTM., transmitter, etc. The transmitter 48
may include an RFID tag that communicates with an interrogator
located in the hand controller unit 24.
[0070] The transmitter 48, the receiver 50, or both may also
include various types of intelligent hardware devices, such as a
central processing unit (CPU) such as those made by Intel.RTM.
Corporation or AMD.RTM., a general-purpose processor, a digital
signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit
(ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other
programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,
discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed
to allow the boot sensor units 20, 22 to communicate with each
other and with the hand controller unit 24. A general-purpose
processor may be a microprocessor, but may also be any conventional
processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A
processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing
devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor,
multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in
conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0071] In alternative embodiments, the transmitter 48, the receiver
50 or both may include one transceiver communicatively coupled to a
microcontroller.
[0072] With reference to FIG. 6, an exemplary embodiment of the
hand controller unit 24 that processes various inputs from the boot
sensor units 20 and 22 and outputs to the skier 10 is described.
The hand controller unit 24 wirelessly communicates with boot
sensor units 20 and 22. The hand controller unit 24 includes a hard
water resistant plastic housing 60. In some embodiments, a
transmitter, a receiver, or both are included within the hard
plastic housing 60 of the hand controller unit 24 that allows the
hand controller 24 to communicate with at least one of the boot
sensor units 20, 22. The hand controller unit 24 includes a DC
power source, for example, two "AA" alkaline batteries. It should
be appreciated that various power sources may also be used and may
be located separate from the hand controller unit 24, such as in a
battery pack wired to the hand controller unit 24 and, for example,
insertable into a pocket of the skier 10. In alternative
embodiments, the DC power source may be located external to the
hand controller unit 24 and may wireless communicate with the hand
controller unit 24. The DC power source may be charged via a
wireless charging platform. In alternative embodiments, the various
components described above with reference to the hand controller
unit 24 may be consolidated to reduce size and or power consumption
of the hand controller unit 24.
[0073] There are various buttons protruding through holes in the
front cover 62 of the hand controller unit 24 including a power
button 66, volume adjust buttons 68, 70, and right and left
pressure sensitivity adjustment buttons 72, 74 and 76, 78. The hand
controller 24 also includes at least one LED indicator. The various
LED indicators include a power indicator LED 80, a right signal
receiver indicator LED 82, and a left signal receiver indicator LED
84. When the hand controller unit 24 is powered up via depressing
the power button 66, the power indicator LED 80 will blink
continually. The LED 80 will blink at one specified rate to
indicate satisfactory power is being supplied to the hand
controller unit 24, and will blink at a second specified rate to
indicate that insufficient power is being supplied to the hand
controller unit 24. Such insufficient power may indicate that
batteries of the hand controller unit 24 need to be replaced. In
the embodiment of FIG. 6, the first specified rate is approximately
a one second interval, and the second specified rate is
approximately a three second interval.
[0074] In alternative embodiments, the skier 10 may be notified of
insufficient power being supplied to the hand controller 24 and the
boot sensor units 20 and 22 individually via audio signals
communicated to the skier 10 via earphones 26.
[0075] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the hand controller unit 24 has
a rectangular shape with shorter sides of a convex shape having a
radius of approximately 5.816 inches and longer sides of a concave
shape having a radius of approximately 9.894 inches. The hand
controller unit 24 is approximately 4.952 inches in length,
approximately 3.052 inches in width, and approximately 0.695 inches
in depth. In alternative embodiments, these dimensions may increase
or decrease anywhere between 10 and 50 percent to allow for a more
sophisticated user interface, more controls capabilities, etc. In
alternative embodiments, the hand controller unit 24 may be
contained in a controller attachable to a wrist of the skier 10,
attachable to an ear of the skier 10, or in communication with a
wireless device of the skier 10, such as a mobile communication
device, just to name a few examples.
[0076] The hand controller unit 24 weighs approximately 7.2 ounces
with two "AA" alkaline batteries inserted into the hard plastic
housing 60. This weight may increase or decrease from 10 to 50
percent, depending on design. In some embodiments, this weight may
decease even further--up to 95 percent may be possible with use of
micro- and nanotechnologies.
[0077] When the receiver in the hand controller unit 24 is
receiving a signal from at least one boot sensor unit 20, 22 on a
paired channel, the corresponding right or left signal receiver
indicator LED 82, 84 will blink continually. This informs the skier
10 that the system is sending and receiving signals. In alternative
embodiments, in response to receiving a signal from at least one
boot sensor unit 20, 22, the hand controller unit 24 generates an
audio output signal and sends this audio signal to a 3.5 mm stereo
audio jack 86.
[0078] The LED 82, 84 will blink at one specified rate to indicate
satisfactory power is being supplied to each of the boot sensor
units 20, 22 and will blink at a second specified rate to indicate
that insufficient power is being supplied to each of the boot
sensor units 20, 22. Such insufficient power may indicate that
batteries 52, 53 of the respective boot sensor units 20, 22 need to
be replaced. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the first specified rate
is a one second interval, and the second specified rate is a three
second interval.
[0079] The power button 66 will power up the system if depressed
for two seconds. In some embodiments, the power button 66 will
further silence tone generation if depressed for two seconds,
reactivate inactive boot sensor units 20, 22 if depressed for two
seconds, and power down the sports monitoring system if depressed
for five seconds. In alternative embodiments, these time periods
and button functions may be varied.
[0080] The volume adjustment buttons 68, 70 increase or decrease
the volume of a tone output to the stereo audio jack 86 one step
for each time either button is depressed. When depressed, a tone
will be generated and output to the stereo audio jack 86 allowing
the skier 10 to select a desired level. A right sensitivity and a
left sensitivity are set by depressing and holding each of the
right sensitivity adjustment button 74 and the left sensitivity
adjustment button 78 simultaneously for a set period of time. In
the embodiment of FIG. 6, the set period of time is approximately
three seconds. A right forward pressure point and a left forward
pressure point will be set upon depressing the right sensitivity
adjustment button 74 and the left sensitivity adjustment button 78
for approximately three seconds, at which time a tone is generated
in each earphone 26 to indicate to the skier 10 that the pressure
thresholds have been set. The right sensitivity adjustment buttons
72, 74 and the left sensitivity adjustment buttons 76, 78 control
the sensitivity of the pressure sensor by adjusting a threshold
value that is compared to the pressure data received from the boot
sensor units 20, 22. The signal from each of the boot sensor units
20, 22 is converted to a value that is then be compared to the
corresponding right or left threshold setting. If the value is
below the threshold setting, a tone is generated on the
corresponding channel of the stereo output jack 86.
[0081] In alternative embodiments, the hand controller unit 24 may
further include a tone inversion switch that toggles the audio
output between two states. The default setting generates a tone
when there is a state of no forward pressure against a gas-filled
bladder 30 as compared to the threshold pressure value. The reverse
setting may generate a tone when there is sufficient forward
pressure against a gas-filled bladder 30 as compared to the
threshold pressure value. This reverse setting may be useful, for
example, when the skier 10 is skiing in powder conditions and too
much forward pressure against the boots 12 may cause the skis 14 to
dive into the snow and inhibit performance. Further, this reverse
setting may also be useful, for example, for bump skiing where too
much forward pressure may case less than optimal performance. It
should be appreciated that this reverse setting may be useful in
other ski conditions and circumstances. It should also be
appreciated that this reverse setting may be used in combination
with a placement of the boot sensor units 20, 22 in the back of the
ski boot 12 to indicate inadequate forward pressure, similar to the
default setting when the boot sensor unit 20, 22 is placed in the
front of the ski boot 12.
[0082] The left sensitivity adjustment button 78 and the right
sensitivity adjustment button 74 toggle activation of proximity
monitoring if depressed simultaneously for a set period of time. In
the embodiment of FIG. 6, the set period of time is approximately
two seconds.
[0083] In alternative embodiments, different combinations of
buttons held for various time periods may also be used for the
various functionalities described above.
[0084] With reference to FIG. 7, an exploded front angle view of an
exemplary embodiment of the hand controller unit 24 is described.
The 3.5 mm stereo audio jack 86 is attached to the back of a
printed circuit board 88 flush with the lower edge. A
microcontroller 90 is located on the printed circuit board 88. The
hard plastic housing 60 further includes a front cover 62 and a
back cover 64. Cutouts in the front cover 62 and the back cover 64
allow for access to the stereo audio jack 86 for the earphones 26.
A removable battery cover 92 that snaps into a locking position to
cover a cutout in the back cover 64 allows for access to a power
source, which consists of two "AA" alkaline batteries positioned on
a surface of the printed circuit board 88. It should be appreciated
that other power sources may be used. Switch pads 94 are located on
the printed circuit board 88 that correspond to the buttons on a
contact-sensitive silicone rubber keypad 96.
[0085] The microcontroller 90 includes a FLASH-based
microcontroller with a UHF ASK/FSK receiver, such as a
Microchip.RTM. rfRXD0920. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the
microcontroller 90 further includes a Microchip.RTM. rfPIC12F675
controller in communication with the UHF ASK/FSK receiver
Microchip.RTM. rfRXD0920. The functionality and components of the
controller 90 will be further described with reference to FIG. 10
below.
[0086] With reference now to FIG. 8, a block diagram of components
associated with a master boot sensor unit 98, which can be one of
the boot sensor units 20, 22, according to an exemplary embodiment
is disclosed herein. The master boot sensor unit 98 is illustrated
for purposes of discussion, with the understanding that other boot
sensor units may include the same or similar components,
functionality, or both of the master boot sensor unit 98. In the
embodiment of FIG. 8, the master boot sensor unit 98 includes a
control module 100, a transmitter unit 102 communicatively coupled
to the control module 100 for communicating sensor data to the hand
controller unit 24, a pressure sensor unit 104 communicatively
coupled to the control module 100, and a proximity sensor unit 106
communicatively coupled to both the control module 100 and at least
one proximity antenna 108. It should be understood that all of the
above-stated components may be implemented on transmitter 48,
receiver 50 or both as described in reference to FIGS. 4 and 5
above.
[0087] The control module 100 includes a processor 101, one or more
logic modules 110, a memory 112 that contains software 114 for
execution by one or more logic modules 110, and signal conditioning
116, which is configured to convert signals from analogue to
digital or digital to analogue formats. The control module 102
further includes a D.C. power supply 118, for example, two "AA"
alkaline batteries 52, 53.
[0088] The logic module(s) 110, the memory 112, and the processor
101 may be implemented using one or more intelligent hardware
devices, as referenced above, such as a central processing unit
(CPU) such as those made by Intel.RTM. Corporation or AMD.RTM., a
general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an
application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field
programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,
discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or
any combination thereof designed to allow the master boot sensor
unit 98 to communicate with a secondary boot sensor unit 120 and
with the hand controller unit 24. A general-purpose processor may
be a microprocessor, but may also be any conventional processor,
controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also
be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example,
a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a
DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0089] The memory 112 may include random access memory (RAM),
read-only memory (ROM), EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk
storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,
any combination thereof, or any other medium that can be used to
carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or
data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or
special-purpose processor or computer. The memory 112 may store
computer-readable, computer-executable software code 114 containing
instructions that are configured to, when executed (or when
compiled and executed), cause the logic modules 110, the processor
101, or both to perform various functions described herein (e.g.,
pressure detection, proximity detection, transmission and reception
of one or more signals using a one or more communication channels,
etc.).
[0090] The components of the control module 100 may, individually
or collectively, be implemented with one or more Application
Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all
of the applicable functions in hardware. The control module 100 may
also include any intelligent hardware device as described above. In
the embodiment of FIG. 8, the control module 100 is implemented
using a high-performance, 16-bit digital signal controller, such as
a Microchip.RTM. dsPIC33FJ64MCX02, which performs some or all of
the functionalities described above.
[0091] The transmitter unit 102, which may be the transmitter 48 as
shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, includes one or more antennas 122
communicatively coupled with one or more transmitters 124 for
transmitting sensor data to the hand controller unit 24. The
transmitter unit 102 further includes a modulator 126 that is
communicatively coupled with both the transmitter 124 and the
control module 100 to further effectuate quality robust
transmission by modulating the sensor data communicated to the hand
controller 24.
[0092] The transmitter unit 102 includes, as described above, for
example, a short range radio frequency (RF) transmitter that sends
an RF signal to the hand controller unit 24. In alternative
embodiments, the transmitter unit 102 may be a FLASH-based
microcontroller with a UHF ASK/FSK transmitter. It will be readily
understood that the transmitter may include any type of wireless
transmitter, including, for example, an amplitude modulation (AM)
transmitter, a short range digital transmission system such as a
Bluetooth.RTM. or Zigbeer.RTM. transmitter, etc. In the embodiment
of FIG. 8, the transmitter unit 102 is a Microchip.RTM.
rfPIC12F675H, utilizing some or all of the functionalities
associated therein.
[0093] The transmitter unit 102 includes an RFID tag that
communicates with an interrogator located in the hand controller
unit 24. For example, the transmitter unit 102 may transmit, via
one or more antennas 122, a relatively low-power frequency
modulated (FM) signal that includes a left and a right channel to
the hand controller unit 24. When a signal is received by the
control module 100 from the pressure sensor unit 104, a first
signal is generated that is modulated onto the left channel of the
FM signal, which is received at the hand controller unit 24,
demodulated, and provided as a tone to the skier 10 via a left
earphone 26. When the skier 10 hears the tone in their left ear, it
indicates that an incorrect amount of pressure is being applied to
the master boot sensor unit 98. Similarly, if the proximity sensor
unit 106 generates an output indicating the proximity of one or
more sensors is outside of a predetermined proximity range, the
control module 100 of the master boot sensor unit 98 receives a
signal from the proximity sensor unit 106 and generates a second
signal that is modulated onto both a left channel and right channel
of the FM signal. When the FM signal is received at the hand
controller unit 24, a second tone is demodulated and provided to
the skier 10 via left and right earphones 26. When the skier 10
hears the tone in both ears, it indicates that the master boot
sensor unit 98 is either too close or too far away from one or more
other boot sensors units 20, 22, which may include the secondary
boot sensor unit 120.
[0094] The antenna 122 is a monopole antenna. The antenna 122
includes a copper strip with a length corresponding to a fractional
value of a desired frequency of the sports monitoring system. In
the embodiment of FIG. 8, the antenna 122 is one half a wavelength
of the operating frequency of the sports monitoring system. The
sports monitoring system operates at a frequency of 904 MHz. One
skilled in the art will readily recognize that other antenna
designs, other operating frequencies, and/or systems may implement
the functionality of the antenna 122, and that such antennas can be
implemented as embedded components on printed circuit boards.
[0095] The pressure sensor unit 104 includes an air pressure sensor
128, the gas-filled bladder 30, and the bleed valve 34. The
pressure sensor unit 104 may also include any of a number of types
of pressure sensors, for example compressed gas pressure sensors,
piezoresistive strain gauge sensors, capacitive pressure sensors,
electromagnetic pressure sensors, piezoelectric pressure sensors,
and potentiometric sensors. The air pressure sensor 128 includes a
miniaturized Manifold Absolute Air Pressure sensor, such as an
Infineon.RTM. TurboMap.RTM. or Infineon.RTM. KP229E3518. The air
pressure sensor 128 continuously communicates a pressure value to
the control module 100. In alternative embodiments, the air
pressure sensor 128 may periodically communicate a pressure value
to the control module 100. The signal conditioning 116 receives the
pressure value communicated from the air pressure sensor 128 and
performs various filtering and modification of the pressure value
before communicating the pressure value to the processor 101.
[0096] The air pressure sensor 128, the gas filled bladder 30, and
the bleed valve 34 make up a sealed air-tight system. The
gas-filled bladder 30 may be constructed of a soft, elastic
synthetic rubber, or any other similar material. The bleed valve 34
is combined with the tact power/reset switch 38 to form a single
switch. In alternative embodiments, the bleed valve 34 may be
independent of tact power/reset switch 38.
[0097] The proximity sensor unit 106 includes a receiver 132, a
demodulator 134, operational amplifier(s) 136, and a Received
Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) 138. The receiver 132 receives and
processes a signal from a proximity antenna 108. The demodulator
134 then recovers the information content from the modulated signal
received by the proximity antenna 108 and sent to the receiver 132.
The RSSI 138 then extracts the desired received signal strength in
order to communicate that information to the signal conditioning
116. The signal conditioning 116 in conjunction with the processor
101, the logic module(s) 110, the memory 122, and the software 114
then process the received signal strength in order to transmit a
signal to the hand controller unit 24 indicative of proximity via
the transmitter unit 102.
[0098] The receiver 132 is communicatively coupled to the proximity
antenna 108, which is configured to receive a signal indicative of
proximity. The proximity sensor unit 106 detects proximity based on
a magnitude of the strength of a signal received by the proximity
antenna 108 via the RSSI 138. A signal is received from the
secondary boot sensor unit 120. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the
signal is a pressure sensor signal sent by the secondary boot
sensor unit 120. In alternative embodiments, the signal may be a
proximity specific signal transmitted by the secondary boot sensor
unit 120.
[0099] In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the proximity antenna 108 is a
U-shaped monopole antenna partially shielded by a metallic shield
140. The metallic shield includes a non-metallic substrate in
contact with a metallic layer, positioned with the metallic layer
facing away from the proximity antenna 108. In some embodiments,
the metallic layer may include aluminum or copper.
[0100] The proximity sensor unit 106 may be any of a number of
types of proximity sensors, including inductive, magnetic, or
RF-based proximity sensors. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the
proximity sensor unit 106 includes a FLASH-based microcontroller
with a UHF ASK/FSK receiver, such as a Microchip.RTM.
rfRXD0920.
[0101] With reference now to FIG. 9, a block diagram of components
associated with the secondary boot sensor unit 120, which may be
one of the boot sensor units 20, 22, according to an exemplary
embodiment is described. The secondary boot sensor unit 120 is
illustrated for purposes of discussion, with the understanding that
the secondary boot sensor unit 120 (or other boot sensor units) may
include the same or similar components, functionality, or both as
that of the master boot sensor unit 98. It should be appreciated
that many of the components implemented in the master boot sensor
unit 98 may also be implemented in the secondary boot sensor unit
120 for simplicity and ease of use and maintenance. It should also
be appreciated that the components of the secondary boot sensor
unit 120 may be partially or completely different from those
described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0102] The secondary boot transmitter 120 includes a control module
142 and a transmitting unit 144 and a pressure sensor unit 146 each
communicatively coupled to the control module 142. The control
module 142 includes a processor 148, one or more logic modules 150,
a memory 152 that contains a software 154 for execution by one or
more logic modules 150, and a signal conditioning 156, which is
configured to convert signals from analogue to digital or digital
to analogue formats. The control module 142 further includes a D.C.
power supply 158, for example, two "AA" alkaline batteries 52, 53.
It should be understood that some or all of the above components
may be implemented on transmitter 48.
[0103] The logic module(s) 150, the memory 152, and the processor
148 may be implemented using one or more intelligent hardware
devices, as referenced above, such as a central processing unit
(CPU) such as those made by Intel.RTM. Corporation or AMD.RTM., a
general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an
application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field
programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,
discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or
any combination thereof designed to allow the secondary boot sensor
unit 120 to communicate with the master boot sensor unit 98 and
with the hand controller unit 24. A general-purpose processor may
be a microprocessor, but may also be any conventional processor,
controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also
be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example,
a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a
DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0104] The memory 152 may include random access memory (RAM),
read-only memory (ROM), EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk
storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,
any combination thereof, or any other medium that can be used to
carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or
data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or
special-purpose processor or computer. The memory 152 stores
computer-readable, computer-executable software code 154 containing
instructions that are configured to, when executed (or when
compiled and executed), cause the logic module 150, the processor
148, or both to perform various functions described herein (e.g.,
pressure detection, transmission of one or more signals using a one
or more communication channels, etc.).
[0105] The components of the control module 142 may, individually
or collectively, be implemented with one or more Application
Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all
of the applicable functions in hardware. The control module 142 may
also include any intelligent hardware device as described above. In
the embodiment of FIG. 9, the control module 142 is implemented
using a high-performance, 16-bit digital signal controller, such as
a Microchip.RTM. dsPIC33FJ64MCX02, which performs some or all of
the functionalities described above.
[0106] The transmitter unit 144, which may be the transmitter 48 as
described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, includes one or more
antennas 160 communicatively coupled with one or more transmitters
166 for transmitting sensor data to the hand controller unit 24 and
the master boot sensor unit 98. The transmitter unit 144 further
includes a modulator 162 that is in communicatively coupled with
both the transmitter 146 and the control module 142 to further
effectuate quality robust transmission to the hand controller unit
24 and the master boot sensor unit 98.
[0107] The transmitter unit 144 includes, as described above, for
example, a short range radio frequency (RF) transmitter that sends
an RF signal to the hand controller unit 24. In alternative
embodiments, the transmitter unit 144 may be a FLASH-based
microcontroller with a UHF ASK/FSK transmitter. It will be readily
understood that the transmitter may include any type of wireless
transmitter, including, for example, an amplitude modulation (AM)
transmitter, a short range digital transmission system such as a
Bluetooth.RTM. or Zigbee.RTM. transmitter, etc. In the embodiment
of FIG. 9, the transmitter unit 144 is a Microchip.RTM.
rfPIC12F675H. It should also be appreciated that the functions
performed by the control module 142 may also be partially or fully
performed by the transmitter unit 144 including a Microchip.RTM.
rfPIC12F675H.
[0108] In the embodiment of FIG. 9, transmitter unit 144 also sends
an RF signal to the master boot sensor unit 98 to facilitate
detection of proximity by the master boot sensor unit 98.
[0109] The transmitter unit 144 includes an RFID tag that
communicates with an interrogator located in the hand controller
unit 24. For example, the transmitter unit 144 may transmit, via
one or more antennas 160, a relatively low-power frequency
modulated (FM) signal that includes a left and a right channel to
the hand controller unit 24. When a signal is received by the
control module 142 from the pressure sensor unit 146, a first
signal is generated that is modulated onto a right channel of the
FM signal, which is received at the hand controller unit 24,
demodulated, and provided as a tone to the skier 10 via a right
earphone 26. When the skier 10 hears the tone in their right ear,
it indicates that an incorrect amount of pressure is being applied
to the secondary boot sensor unit 120.
[0110] The antenna 160 is a monopole antenna. The antenna 160
includes a copper strip with a length corresponding to a fractional
value of a desired frequency of the sports monitoring system. In
the embodiment of FIG. 9, antenna 160 is one half a wavelength of
the operating frequency of the sports monitoring system. The sports
monitoring system operates at a frequency of 904 MHz. One skilled
in the art will readily recognize that other antenna designs, other
operating frequencies, and/or systems may implement the
functionality of the antenna 160.
[0111] The pressure sensor unit 146 includes an air pressure sensor
164, the gas-filled bladder 30, and the bleed valve 34. The
pressure sensor unit 164 may also include any of a number of types
of pressure sensors, for example compressed gas pressure sensors,
piezoresistive strain gauge sensors, capacitive pressure sensors,
electromagnetic pressure sensors, piezoelectric pressure sensors,
and potentiometric sensors. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the air
pressure sensor 164 includes a miniaturized Manifold Absolute Air
Pressure sensor, such as an Infineon.RTM. TurboMap.RTM. or
Infineon.RTM. KP229E3518. The air pressure sensor 164 continuously
communicates a pressure value to the control module 142. In
alternate embodiments, the air pressure sensor 164 may periodically
communicate a pressure value to the control module 142. The signal
conditioning 156 receives the pressure value communicated from the
air pressure sensor 164 and performs various filtering and
modification of the pressure value before communicating the
pressure value to the processor 148.
[0112] The air pressure sensor 164, the gas filled bladder 30, and
the bleed valve 34 make up a sealed air-tight system. The
gas-filled bladder 30 may be constructed of a soft, elastic
synthetic rubber, or any other similar material. The bleed valve 34
is combined with the tact power/reset switch 38 to form a single
switch. In alternative embodiments, the bleed valve 34 may be
independent of the tact power/reset switch 38.
[0113] With this basic structure in mind, it should be appreciated
that the above components may operate and be arranged, with all
alternative embodiments, as is described above with respect to the
master boot sensor unit 98 as shown in FIG. 8. However, in some
embodiments, the secondary boot sensor unit 120 does not contain a
proximity sensor unit 106 or a proximity antenna 108. In the
embodiment of FIG. 9, the secondary boot sensor unit 120 is
configured to communicate pressure sensor information in all
directions. The master boot sensor unit 98 is configured to receive
the pressure sensor information communicated by the secondary boot
sensor unit 120 via the proximity antenna 108 and to determine
proximity of the secondary boot sensor unit 120 with respect to the
master boot sensor unit 98.
[0114] With reference now to FIG. 10, a block diagram of components
associated with the hand controller unit 24 according to an
exemplary embodiment is described. The hand controller unit 24 is
in communication with the master boot sensor unit 98 and the
secondary boot sensor unit 120. The hand controller unit 24
includes a control module 168, which may include some or all of the
functionality and components of the control module 100 associated
with the master boot sensor unit 98 or the control module 142
associated with secondary boot sensor unit 120. The control module
168 is commutatively coupled to a receiver unit 170 and a user
interface 172.
[0115] The control module 168 further includes a processor 180, one
or more logic modules 182, a memory 184 that contains a software
186 for execution by one or more logic modules 182, and a signal
condition 188, which is configured to convert signals from analogue
to digital or digital to analogue formats. The control module 168
further includes a D.C. power supply 190, for example, two "AA"
alkaline batteries.
[0116] The logic modules 182 and the memory 184 may be implemented
using one or more intelligent hardware devices, as similarly
described above, such as a central processing unit (CPU) such as
those made by Intel.RTM. Corporation or AMD.RTM., a general-purpose
processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application
specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array
(FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or
transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination
thereof designed to allow the hand controller unit 24 to
communicate with the master boot sensor unit 98 and the secondary
boot sensor unit 120. A general-purpose processor may be a
microprocessor, but may also be any conventional processor,
controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also
be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example,
a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a
DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0117] The memory 184 may include random access memory (RAM),
read-only memory (ROM), EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk
storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,
any combination thereof, or any other medium that can be used to
carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or
data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or
special-purpose processor or computer. The memory 184 stores
computer-readable, computer-executable software code 186 containing
instructions that are configured to, when executed (or when
compiled and executed), cause the logic module 182 or the control
module 182 to perform various functions described herein (e.g.,
reception of one or more signals using a left and/or right
communication channel, signal processing, user indication,
etc.).
[0118] The components of the control module 168 may, individually
or collectively, be implemented with one or more Application
Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all
of the applicable functions in hardware. In some embodiments, the
control module 168 may also include any intelligent hardware device
as described above. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the control
module 168 is implemented using a high-performance, 16-bit digital
signal controller, such as a Microchip.RTM. rfPIC12F675.
[0119] The control module 168 is communicatively coupled to at
least one power indicator. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the
various power indicators include a left boot power indicator LED
174, a right boot power indicator LED 176, and a controller power
indicator LED 178. The left boot power indicator LED 174, the right
boot power indicator LED 176, and the controller power indicator
LED 178 correspond to the left signal receiver indicator LED 84,
the right signal receiver indicator LED 82, and the power indicator
LED 80. When the hand controller unit 24 is powered up, the
controller power indicator LED 178 will blink continually. The LED
178 will blink at one specified rate to indicate satisfactory power
is being supplied to hand controller unit 24, and will blink at a
second specified rate to indicate that insufficient power is being
supplied to the hand controller unit 24. Such insufficient power
may indicate that the DC power supply 190 of the hand controller
unit 24 needs to be replaced. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the
first specified rate is approximately a one second interval, and
the second specified rate is approximately a three second
interval.
[0120] When the receiver unit 170 in the hand controller unit 24 is
receiving a signal from the master boot sensor unit 98 and the
secondary boot sensor unit 120 on a paired channel, the
corresponding left or right boot power indicator LED 174, 176 will
blink continually. This informs the skier 10 that the system is
sending and receiving signals. In alternative embodiments, in
response to receiving a signal from the master boot sensor unit 98
and the secondary boot sensor unit 120, the hand controller unit 24
generates an audio output signal and sends this audio signal to the
stereo audio jack 86.
[0121] Similarly, LED 174, 176 will blink at one specified rate to
indicate satisfactory power is being supplied to the master boot
sensor unit 98 or the secondary boot sensor unit 120 and will blink
at a second specified rate to indicate that insufficient power is
being supplied to each of the master boot sensor unit 98 and the
secondary boot sensor unit 120. Such insufficient power may
indicate that batteries 52, 53 of the master boot sensor unit 98 or
the secondary boot sensor unit 120 need to be replaced. In the
embodiment of FIG. 10, the first specified rate is a one second
interval, and the second specified rate is a three second
interval.
[0122] The receiver unit 170 includes one or more antennas 194
communicatively coupled to a receiver 170. The receiver receives a
signal from the antenna 194 and communicates that signal to a
demodulator 196. The demodulator 196 recovers the information
content from the modulated signal received by the antenna 194. The
demodulator 196 receives FM signals, demodulate left and right
channels on a received carrier, and provide the demodulated signals
to at least one operational amplifier (Op. Amp) 198. The Op. Amp
198 performs various functions on the signals received from the
demodulator 196, including amplification, filtering, etc. The Op.
Amp 198 then sends the modified signals to the control module 168.
In some embodiments, the Op. Amp 198 may send the modified signals
to the signal condition 188. It should be appreciated that the
functions performed by the Op. Amp 198 may alternatively or in
combination be performed by the signal condition 188. Such
functions may include filtering, conversion of a signal from
analogue to digital format, amplifying the signal, etc.
[0123] One or more antennas 194 include a monopole antenna. The
antenna 194 includes a copper strip with a length corresponding to
a fractional value of a desired frequency of the sport monitoring
system. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the antenna 194 is three
eighths a wavelength of the operating frequency of the sport
monitoring system. The sport monitoring system operates at a
frequency of 904 MHz. One skilled in the art will readily recognize
that other antenna designs, operating frequencies, and/or systems
may implement the functionality of the antenna 194.
[0124] The user interface 172 includes a power switch 200 for
powering on the system. Power switch 200 may correspond to the
power button 66. The user interface 172 further includes a pressure
sensitivity adjustor 202 and a proximity adjustor 204. The pressure
sensitivity adjustor 202 may correspond to right and left pressure
sensitivity adjustment buttons 72, 74 and 76, 78. Further, the
proximity adjustor 204 may correspond to the simultaneous operation
of the left sensitivity adjustment button 78 and the right
sensitivity adjustment button 74.
[0125] The user interface 172 includes a volume adjustor 206. The
volume adjustor 206 may correspond to the volume adjustment buttons
68, 70. The user interface 172 includes an indicator 208, which is
configured to communicate sensor data to the skier 10 via earphones
26 through the stereo audio jack 86. Such sensor data includes a
left notification signal and a right notification tone
corresponding to a pressure value received from the corresponding
master boot sensor unit 98 and secondary boot sensor unit 120 being
below a set threshold value. Such sensor data further includes a
proximity notification tone corresponding to the master boot sensor
unit 98 and the secondary boot sensor unit 120 being outside of a
set range of proximity of one another.
[0126] The control module 168 receives the sensor signals from the
receiver unit 170, and controls the user interface 172 to provide
one or more signals to the skier 10 indicating the current status
of the output of the master boot sensor unit 98 and the secondary
boot sensor unit 120. The user interface 172, for example, includes
the indicator 208 that provides an audio interface with audio
feedback to the skier 10 to indicate a status of the master boot
sensor unit 98 and the secondary boot sensor unit 120 including
pressure sensor and proximity sensor data. The skier 10, based on
the audio feedback, may alter or adjust their use of equipment
associated with the master boot sensor unit 98 and the secondary
boot sensor unit 120 in order to make a turn in a more efficient
manner or with enhanced technique. For example, the skier 10 upon
hearing a tone indicating that insufficient pressure is being
applied to the front of a left or right ski boot 12 may alter their
position to apply additional pressure to the identified ski boot 12
and therefore be in a position to make a more efficient turn.
Similarly, the skier 10 upon hearing a tone indicating that their
skis 14 are too close together or too far apart as defined by a
proximity range value, may take action to alter the spacing of the
skis and therefore be in a position to make a more efficient
turn.
[0127] With reference to FIG. 11, the transmission and reception
among various components of the sports monitoring system of an
exemplary embodiment is described. The system includes a left and a
right boot sensor unit 20, 22 which, for ease of explanation,
correspond to the master boot sensor unit 98 and the secondary boot
sensor 120, and the hand controller unit 24. The hand controller
unit 24 includes a controller 210, which may correspond to the
control module 168, and a receiver 212, which may correspond to the
receiver unit 170. The master boot sensor unit 98 includes a
controller 214, which may correspond to the control module 100, a
transmitter 216, which may correspond to the transmitter unit 102,
a pressure sensor 218, which may correspond to the pressure sensor
unit 104, a proximity sensor 220, which may correspond to the
proximity sensor unit 106, and a proximity receiver 222, which may
correspond to the combination of the proximity sensor unit 106 and
the proximity antenna 108. The secondary boot sensor unit 120
includes a pressure sensor 224, which may correspond to the
pressure sensor unit 146, and a transmitter 226, which may
correspond to the transmitter unit 144.
[0128] The master boot sensor unit 98 transmits sensor data to the
hand controller unit 24 on a first channel 232. The secondary boot
sensor unit 120 transmits sensor data to the master boot sensor
unit 98 on a second channel 226 and to the hand controller unit 24
on a third channel 228. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the second
channel 226 is the same as the third channel 228.
[0129] In alternative embodiments, the secondary boot sensor unit
120 may transmit different data on the second channel 226 and the
third channel 228.
[0130] With reference to FIG. 12, a block function diagram of some
embodiments of a sports monitoring apparatus operation is
described. Initially, the skier 10 powers on the hand controller
unit 24 and each boot sensor unit 98, 120. In the embodiment of
FIG. 12, the skier 10 powers on the hand controller unit 24, master
boot sensor unit 98, and secondary boot sensor unit 120 in a
predetermined order for correct operation. The skier 10 inserts the
gas-filled bladders 30 extending a substantial vertical length into
the ski boots 12 adjacent to the tongue 28 of the ski boots 12 and
the skier shins, secures the ski boots 12 on the legs, and attaches
the boots 12 to skis 14. The skier 10 takes a standing position
with light forward pressure and adjusts the volume to a desired
level using the volume adjustment buttons 68, 70. The skier 10
adjusts the right and left sensitivity adjustment controls 72, 74
and 76, 78 to the setting just beyond the point where the tone is
silent. The skier 10 can adjust sensitivity of pressure feedback by
applying different levels of pressure to the front of the ski boot
12 when adjusting the right and left sensitivity controls 72, 74
and 76, 78.
[0131] In alternative embodiments, one or more of the hand
controller unit 24 and boot sensor units 98 and 120 may communicate
wirelessly with another device to report sensor data, such as a
mobile device of a coach or trainer, to better facilitate ski or
other sports performance.
[0132] The gas pressure in the gas-filled bladder 30 increases and
decreases based upon the pressure of the skier 10's shin
compressing the gas-filled bladder 30. This change in pressure is
detected 302, 306 and measured by the pressure sensor units 104,
146. A measured pressure value is communicated to 304, 308 and
received at 314 by the hand controller unit 24. The hand controller
unit 24 compares the pressure value to the threshold value 316, 318
set by the threshold setting of the sensitivity adjustment controls
72, 74 and 76, 78. If it is determined that the pressure value is
outside the acceptable threshold range 322, 324 based on pressure
reference value, a tone is generated 328, 330. This tone is output
to the earphones 26 through a 3.55 mm stereo audio jack 86,
alerting the skier 10 in real time that he is generating inadequate
pressure to execute an efficient ski turn such that he can
instantaneously adjust his form to generate sufficient pressure,
silencing the tone.
[0133] The data sent from the boot sensor unit 98, 120 includes
information that identifies whether the transmission is from the
left boot sensor unit 20 or the right boot sensor unit 22. The hand
controller unit 24 uses this information to generate a tone on the
associated audio channel.
[0134] A skier 10 may activate a proximity detection function and
set a proximity reference point and associated threshold range by
placing the skis 14 a desired distance apart from one another and
selecting a proximity set function on the hand controller unit 24.
Once the proximity detection system is activated, the proximity
sensor 220 detects the proximity of the limbs, limb portions or
associated structures 310. The master boot sensor unit transmitter
124 sends proximity data to the hand controller unit 24 at 312,
314. The hand controller unit 24 compares the pressure data to the
proximity reference point 320. If it is determined that the
proximity value is outside the associated threshold range 326, a
tone is generated 332. In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the proximity
indication is an audio signal distinct from the pressure indication
audio signals. The skier 10 receives real time proximity feedback
via earphones 26.
[0135] FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a master boot sensor unit
software process methodology, according to some embodiments. When
the master boot sensor unit 98 is activated, firmware variables and
processor peripherals are initialized 350, 352, 354. Once
initialization is complete, acquisition of pressure sensor data is
initiated 356. The pressure sensor 218 produces a voltage output
proportional to the absolute pressure. The analog output voltage
produced by the sensor is a calculated voltage value, divided and
lightly filtered, operable to prevent aliasing before being applied
directly to an ADC channel of the microcontroller 214. The
microcontroller 214 has embedded within itself components and
features that provide an accurate 10/12 bit conversion of analog
data at 1.1 MSPS rates. In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the voltage
is a fairly stable DC output which enables the use of a 10 bit
conversion and a conversion rate of about 20 KSPS.
[0136] Typically, the master and secondary boot sensor unit
transmitters 124, 166 require approximately 20 mS to execute all
the scheduled tasks assigned. In certain embodiments, during the
period that the boot sensor unit transmitters 124, 166 are
performing their tasks, and specifically with regard to the
pressure sensor 218, 224, the microcontroller via the functions
contained in the logic modules 110, 150 commands the pressure
sensors 128, 164 to activate and subsequently provide a delay
enabling the pressure sensors 128, 164 to stabilize. After this
delay, the microcontrollers 100, 142 execute sixteen ADC sampling
conversions of the pressure sensor output voltage and average these
readings to provide recursive filtering. It should be clear to
those skilled in the art that the number of sampling conversions
can be higher or lower than sixteen.
[0137] The master boot sensor unit 98 includes a proximity receiver
132, and given that the secondary boot transmitter 120 may be in
some degree of proximity to the master boot sensor unit 98 and its
proximity receiver 132, as the degree of proximity varies, the
level of RF power 109 received by the proximity receiver 132 will
vary. The RF power received 109 by the proximity receiver 132 is
converted to a DC signal 360 using an analog to digital converter
that is configured to provide a RSSI level that is proportional to
the degree of proximity between the master boot sensor unit 98 and
the secondary boot sensor unit 120. The RSSI output can be a DC
voltage sampled by the proximity sensor 106 at an approximate 50 mS
rate.
[0138] The RSSI sampling process first determines if the signal is
a valid transmitter signal. The secondary boot sensor unit
transmitter 166 sends a series of synchronization pulses of known
duration to the proximity sensor receiver 132, which is operable to
discriminate between true system signal and noise based on the
pulse timing. If the master boot sensor unit controller 214
determines that there is no valid RSSI data, it continues to loop
through the data acquisition cycle for a defined period of time. If
that period of time is exhausted, a timeout flag is set and the
process will continue without RSSI data 364. If at any time valid
RSSI data is acquired, the process proceeds without additional
looping through the data acquisition cycle.
[0139] Once the proximity sensor receiver 132 determines the signal
is a system signal, the master boot sensor controller 214
deactivates interrupts 366 and enters a loop, in which, it samples
and performs two hundred and fifty five conversions of RSSI data
that are then accumulated and averaged. This serves as a mild
recursive filtering function. The averaged data is then passed to
functions included in the master boot sensor unit controller logic
modules 110 that integrate the data into a MAC data structure 368
as described below. It should be clear to those skilled in the art
that the number of conversions can be higher or lower than two
hundred and fifty five.
[0140] The MAC data structure provides a standard data structure
whereby information can be passed to components within the sport
monitoring apparatus. The MAC data structure further provides a
means to uniquely identify systems and components as being distinct
from other systems.
[0141] For example, in one or more embodiments, the MAC structure
includes the following parameters:
[0142] a) 2 byte system level MAC ID that uniquely identifies a
system;
[0143] b) 2 byte local device MAC ID that uniquely identifies a
device to itself and the system, for example, as a left or right
boot sensor unit transmitter 124, 126;
[0144] c) 2 byte remote device MAC ID;
[0145] d) 1 byte command code indicating to the receiver to direct
the execution of events;
[0146] e) 2 bytes of data representing data received from a given
pressure sensor 218, 224 or proximity receiver 132; and
[0147] f) 1 byte checksum demonstrating the data is valid and has
not been corrupted during transmission.
[0148] The data is then communicated to the hand controller unit 24
for processing and event execution.
[0149] The hand controller unit 24 monitors and determines if at
least one boot sensor unit 98, 120 is sending a sensor feedback
signal 372. If a signal is currently being received, or has been
received within a predetermined time T, the hand controller unit 24
remains powered on. If the hand controller unit 24 has not received
any sensor signals in a predetermined amount of time T, the hand
controller unit 24 may power down. In some embodiments, T is
approximately ten minutes. It should be clear to one skilled in the
art that T can consist of time periods other than ten minutes.
[0150] A similar operation can be used for each boot sensor unit
98, 120 once powered on. If the boot sensor unit 98, 120 is
receiving feedback from at least one boot sensor unit 372, or has
received such feedback in a predetermined time T1 374, then the
boot sensor unit 98, 120 completes its cycle by clearing one or
more timer flags 376 and reactivating interrupts 378. If the boot
sensor unit 98, 120 has not received sensor feedback within a
predetermined time T1 374, then the boot sensor unit 98, 120 powers
down 380. It should be appreciated that other signals or power
switching approaches may be used.
[0151] If the system is powered on, the hand controller unit 24
checks for pressure feedback signals. If the pressure feedback
received from the at least one boot sensor unit 20, 22 is outside
the associated threshold range set by the skier 10, then a pressure
indication signal is generated. A left pressure feedback signal
corresponds to a left indication signal, and a right pressure
feedback signal corresponds to a right indication signal. The
indication signal or signals may be audio tones communicated to
each ear of the skier 10 via earphones 26.
[0152] FIG. 14 schematically illustrates a secondary boot sensor
unit software process methodology, according to some embodiments.
The secondary boot sensor unit process methodology differs from the
master boot sensor unit process by excluding RSSI-related
activity.
[0153] The software associated with the secondary boot sensor unit
transmitter 166 includes a 50 mS timer scheduling the execution of
all peripheral functions including acquiring pressure sensor data
456 and the communication of data 468. The firmware associated with
the master boot sensor unit transmitter 124 is synchronous to the
secondary boot sensor unit 166 transmitter as described below.
[0154] If the master boot sensor unit 98 includes a proximity
sensor 220, it operates in a synchronous transmission mode in
relation to the transmission timing of the secondary boot sensor
unit 120. The secondary boot sensor unit 120 transmits data every
50 mS. The master boot sensor unit 220 includes a proximity
receiver 132 that detects the signal 109 transmitted from the
secondary boot sensor unit 120, and uses the detection of said
signal as a trigger to schedule transmission times for master boot
sensor unit data. This is approximately 25 mS after the secondary
boot sensor unit transmitter 166 has initiated its transmission of
data. By having the two transmitters 124, 166 synchronized to one
another, the probability of data collisions as between the two
transmitters is reduced.
[0155] In some embodiments, the master boot sensor unit 98 is not
equipped with a proximity sensor 220, or the proximity receiver 132
fails to detect a signal from the secondary boot sensor unit
transmitter 166. In either of these two cases, the system may use
an asynchronous operating mode whereby both the secondary boot
sensor unit 120 and the master boot sensor unit 98 transmit every
50 mS, plus or minus a random delay of a few mS. This random delay
is generated by a random delay generator algorithm.
[0156] FIGS. 15A-15C schematically illustrate a hand controller
unit software process methodology, according to some embodiments.
When the system is activated, firmware variables and processor
peripherals are initialized 500, 502, 504. Once initialization is
complete, the keypad is scanned for the occurrence of any activity
506. If it is determined that there is keypad activity indicating a
function should be performed, the hand controller unit evaluates
the state of the associated variables indicating what functions
should be scheduled. For example, if there is a state indicating a
volume change has occurred 540, the value is assessed and the
volume adjustment function is scheduled 542. If there is a state
indicating the activation state of the unit has changed 544, it is
assessed and the apparatus is either powered on or powered off 546.
If there is an indication that the pressure threshold state has
changed 550, the event is scheduled and the pressure threshold set
accordingly when the event is executed 552. If there is an
indication that the proximity threshold should be changed 554, the
event is scheduled and the proximity threshold is set accordingly
when the event is executed 556.
[0157] Once any functions initiated by keyboard activity are
scheduled, the state of the battery charge is determined and
reported to the user 510. Interrupts are deactivated to avoid
disruptions during receipt of transmission that might otherwise
compromise the data being received 512. As the data is received
from one or more boot sensor units 98, 120, the Mac data structures
are parsed for analysis 516.
[0158] The Mac data structure is parsed and the system level MAC ID
value is evaluated. If it is determined that the data originated
from the same system 570, then the local device MAC ID value is
assessed to determine which component in the system was the source
of the data 572. If the local MAC ID indicates the source of the
data was the secondary boot sensor unit 120, the data is compared
to the pressure threshold reference point as discussed previously
584, and the response flags for any required scheduled user
indicator functions are set 586.
[0159] If it is determined that the source of the data is the
master boot sensor unit 98, one or more additional processes are
invoked to receive, process and analyze the RSSI data. The payload
RSSI data for three consecutive readings are averaged and compared
to the threshold reference point 574, 576, 580, and response flags
for any required scheduled user indicator functions are set 582. It
should be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the number of
readings averaged can be more or less than three.
[0160] With reference to all of the figures above, a method for
monitoring pressure of limbs or portions of limbs against pieces of
equipment and the proximity of the respective limbs or portions of
limbs, followed by instantaneous feedback to the user with respect
to the status of pressure and proximity thresholds is described.
The example used to illustrate this embodiment will be that of a
ski training device used in conjunction with ski boots, but
applications to other sports and activities are also suggested,
such as use with boarding boots, motorcycle boots, water skiing
boots, wake boarding boots, and other boots.
[0161] In a first step of an exemplary embodiment wherein a
gas-filled pressure sensor is used, the gas pressure in the bladder
is normalized to the ambient air pressure.
[0162] In a next step, the gas-filled bladder assumes its natural
shape.
[0163] In a next step, the boot sensor units are inserted into the
corresponding right or left ski boot such that the bottom of the
boot sensor unit casing rests within the area one inch directly
above the upper most point of the boot tongue.
[0164] In a next step, the hand controller unit is activated. An
LED blinks continuously, or at a one second interval, indicating
that the hand controller unit is powered on. A second LED on the
hand controller unit indicates that a transmission is being
received from a first pressure sensor. A third LED on the
controller indicates that a transmission is being received from a
second pressure sensor.
[0165] In a next step, proximity detection is activated by toggling
an activation switch on the hand controller unit. Alternatively,
other switching mechanisms may be used, such as pressing and
holding two of the pressure adjustment buttons simultaneously for a
set duration of time.
[0166] In a next step, the skier attaches a pair of skis to the
skier's boots.
[0167] In a next step, the skier inserts a device capable of
generating stereo sound into the stereo jack on the wireless
controller.
[0168] In a next step, the skier is to assume an erect posture and
neutral stance where there is no pressure against gas filled
bladder inserted into the ski boot.
[0169] In a next step, a soft tone is generated on the left and the
right stereo channels. Tone volume for the right channel may be
adjusted to a desired level through the use of one or more buttons
on the hand controller unit. Tone volume for the left channel may
be adjusted to a desired level through the use of one or more
buttons on the on the hand controller unit.
[0170] In a next step, the skier may lean in the skis to a
sufficient degree to create a light pressure against the gas-filled
bladder.
[0171] In a next step, the skier may adjust the sensitivity
threshold for the right channel to a setting immediately beyond the
point where the tone stops in the right ear.
[0172] In a next step, the skier may adjust the sensitivity
threshold for the left channel to a setting immediately beyond the
point where the tone stops in the left ear.
[0173] In a next step, the wireless controller powers down in a set
number of minutes if either the wireless controller does not
receive a stream of pressure data or if there is no transmission
received.
[0174] In a next step, the boot sensor may powers down in a set
number of minutes if there is no detectable change in pressure.
[0175] In a next, a distinct tone is generated on one or more
channels if the proximity of the boot sensor unit is outside a
range associated with a proximity reference point.
[0176] Also, contemplated herein are methods for connecting various
components of a sport performance monitoring apparatus. The methods
thus encompass the steps inherent in the above described mechanical
structures and operation thereof.
[0177] While certain embodiments and details have been included
herein for purposes of illustrating aspects of the instant
disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that
various changes in systems, apparatus, and methods disclosed herein
may be made without departing from the scope of the instant
disclosure.
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