U.S. patent application number 14/604932 was filed with the patent office on 2016-01-14 for laser measurement of a vehicle frame.
The applicant listed for this patent is Infinity Laser Measuring LLC. Invention is credited to Matt J. Brunk, Daniel Darst, Robin L. Knoke, Eric J. Krause, Lee G. Macklem, William M. Roth, Mark W. Schulz.
Application Number | 20160010980 14/604932 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43430929 |
Filed Date | 2016-01-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160010980 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Knoke; Robin L. ; et
al. |
January 14, 2016 |
LASER MEASUREMENT OF A VEHICLE FRAME
Abstract
A laser measurement system operates to measure portions of a
vehicle, such as a vehicle frame. The measurements are used, for
example, to determine if the portions of the vehicle are bent or
damaged. The measurement system includes a laser scanner and at
least one target assembly that can be connected to a point of the
vehicle. The laser scanner emits a laser beam that is detected by
the target. Time and laser position information detected by the
target are used to determine the location of the target, as well as
the location of the point of the vehicle. The location of the point
is then compared to an original location of the point to determine
if damage has occurred.
Inventors: |
Knoke; Robin L.; (White
Salmon, WA) ; Brunk; Matt J.; (Hood River, OR)
; Schulz; Mark W.; (Minneapolis, MN) ; Krause;
Eric J.; (Big Lake, MN) ; Macklem; Lee G.;
(New Hope, MN) ; Roth; William M.; (Minneapolis,
MN) ; Darst; Daniel; (Zimmerman, MN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Infinity Laser Measuring LLC |
Edina |
MN |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
43430929 |
Appl. No.: |
14/604932 |
Filed: |
January 26, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13749420 |
Jan 24, 2013 |
8997361 |
|
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14604932 |
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12917829 |
Nov 2, 2010 |
8381409 |
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13749420 |
|
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61257262 |
Nov 2, 2009 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
33/288 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01B 11/03 20130101;
G01B 11/27 20130101; G01B 11/24 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G01B 11/27 20060101
G01B011/27 |
Claims
1. A laser measurement system comprising: a scanner device
including a laser device that generates a laser beam; and a target
including a detector that detects when the laser beam is directed
at the target, and further including a three dimensional position
indicator system that visually indicates the relative position of a
point on a vehicle frame with respect to a desired position in each
of the three dimensions.
2. The laser measurement system of claim 1, wherein the three
dimensional position indicator system includes at least three
position indicators including a height dimension indicator, a width
dimension indicator, and a length dimension indicator.
3. The laser measurement system of claim 2, wherein each position
indicator is configured to generate at least three outputs, each
output indicative of a distance between the point on the vehicle
frame and the desired position in one of the three dimensions.
4. The laser measurement system of claim 1, further comprising a
stem including a connector and a resistive element, the resistive
element having a resistance that is detectable by the target, the
resistance being associated with a length of the stem.
5. A method of operating a laser measurement system, the method
comprising: detecting a laser beam emitted from a rotating scanner
device with a target device, the target device being associated
with a position of a part of a vehicle; and wirelessly transmitting
data from the target device to the scanner device after detecting
the laser beam.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein detecting a laser beam comprises
detecting at least two laser beams, and further comprising storing
a time value and a position value in memory for each detected laser
beam.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising automatically turning
on the target device upon connection of a stem to the target
device.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising automatically
detecting with the target device a resistance associated with the
stem, and identifying a length of the stem based on the detected
resistance.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein identifying a length of the stem
comprises retrieving data from a lookup table stored in memory of
the target device.
10. The method of claim 5, further comprising processing the data
received from the target device with the scanner device.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein processing further comprises
computing a three-dimensional coordinate for the position with the
scanner device.
12. The method of claim 5, further comprising: receiving data from
the scanner device with the target device; and for each of three
dimensions, generating with the target device a visual indication
of whether the position is proper for that dimension after
receiving the data from the scanner device.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: detecting movement
of the position; and generating with the target device a different
visual indication if movement is in a wrong direction.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/749,420, filed on Jan. 24, 2013, titled
LASER MEASUREMENT OF A VEHICLE FRAME, which is a divisional
application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/917,829, filed
on Nov. 2, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,381,409, titled LASER
MEASUREMENT OF A VEHICLE FRAME, which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/257,262 filed on Nov. 2, 2009,
titled LASER MEASUREMENT OF A VEHICLE FRAME, the disclosures of
which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. To the
extent appropriate, a claim of priority is made to each of the
above disclosed applications.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This disclosure relates generally to the field of laser
measurement, and more particularly to laser measurement of a
vehicle, and more particularly still to a laser measurement system
for evaluating a frame of a vehicle.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The structural foundation of many common vehicle designs is
the frame. The frame can be made of multiple frame members, often
formed of metals such as steel. Additional vehicle components, such
as the engine, body, power train, and interior, are ultimately
connected to and supported by the frame. Some vehicles include a
unibody design, in which the frame is integrated with the body.
[0004] Because the frame forms the structural foundation of a
vehicle, it is typically very strong and designed to withstand
large amounts of stress. Some frames, however, are also designed
with intentional weaknesses. For example, automobile frames are
commonly designed to include a crumple zone toward the front or
rear of the vehicle. The crumple zone operates to deform during a
collision to absorb some of the impact and thereby lessen the
impact on passengers.
[0005] Due in part to the complex shapes of many vehicle frames, as
well as to the wide variety of different vehicle frames, it can be
difficult to determine whether a vehicle's frame has been bent from
an original configuration. Such deformation, however, can have
adverse consequences, such as reducing the structural integrity of
the vehicle, or increasing wear on vehicle components.
[0006] Once a vehicle frame has been deformed, it can sometimes be
repaired by bending the frame back to the proper position. However,
due to the wide variety of different vehicle frames, as well as the
complex shape of most vehicle frames, it can be difficult to
determine how to adjust the frame to return the frame to the proper
position.
SUMMARY
[0007] In general terms, this disclosure is directed to laser
measurement. In one possible configuration and by non-limiting
example, a laser measurement system identifies locations of points
of a vehicle in a three-dimensional space and determines whether
the points of the vehicle are properly positioned.
[0008] One aspect is a scanner device of a vehicle laser
measurement system. The scanner device includes at least one
rotating support; a motor arranged and configured to rotate the at
least one rotating support; a laser device coupled to the at least
one rotating support; and an optics assembly coupled to the at
least one rotating support and positioned to receive a laser beam
from the laser device, the optics assembly including at least one
rhombic prism arranged and configured to split a laser beam from
the laser device into at least two laser beams.
[0009] Another aspect is a method of operating a scanner of a laser
measurement system. The method includes generating a laser beam
with a laser device, and splitting the laser beam into at least two
laser beams using a rhombic prism.
[0010] A further aspect is a laser measurement system including a
scanner device and a target. The scanner device includes a laser
device that generates a laser beam. The target device includes a
detector that detects when the laser beam is directed at the
target, and further includes a three dimensional position indicator
system that visually indicates the relative position of a point on
a vehicle frame with respect to a desired position in each of the
three dimensions.
[0011] Yet another aspect is a method of operating a laser
measurement system. The method includes: detecting a laser beam
emitted from a rotating scanner device with a target device, the
target device being associated with a position of a part of a
vehicle; and wirelessly transmitting data from the target device to
the scanner device after detecting the laser beam.
[0012] A further aspect is a method of authorizing a repair. The
method includes using a laser measurement system to identify at
least one point of a vehicle frame that is not properly positioned;
generating a report identifying a repair that is needed to return
the point of the vehicle frame to a correct position;
electronically sending the report to an authorizer across a network
in an authorization request; and receiving from the authorizer a
response to the authorization request, the response authorizing the
repair.
[0013] Another aspect is a method of operating a laser measurement
system. The method includes: receiving with a computing device an
input from an operator of the laser measurement system indicating
that the operator is having a difficulty with the laser measurement
system; and receiving information with the computing device from a
remote assistant to assist the operator to overcome the
difficulty.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an example
measurement system.
[0015] FIG. 2 is a side view of an example scanner of the
measurement system shown in FIG. 1.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a schematic exploded block diagram of the example
scanner shown in FIG. 2.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example optics assembly.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of another example optics
assembly.
[0019] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another example optics
assembly.
[0020] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another example optics
assembly.
[0021] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an example attachment device
of the measurement system shown in FIG. 1.
[0022] FIG. 9 is another perspective view of the example attachment
device shown in FIG. 8.
[0023] FIG. 10 is a side view of an example stem of the measurement
system shown in FIG. 1.
[0024] FIG. 11 is a perspective end view of the example stem shown
in FIG. 10.
[0025] FIG. 12 is a front perspective view of an example target of
the measurement system shown in FIG. 1.
[0026] FIG. 13 is a front elevational view of the example target
shown in FIG. 12.
[0027] FIG. 14 is a front cross-sectional block diagram of the
example target shown in FIG. 12.
[0028] FIG. 15 is a side cross-sectional block diagram of the
example target shown in FIG. 12.
[0029] FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of portions of the
measurement system shown in FIG. 1, showing the scanner at a home
position.
[0030] FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of portions of the
measurement system shown in FIG. 1, showing the scanner at time
T1.
[0031] FIG. 18 is a schematic plan view of portions of the
measurement system shown in FIG. 1, showing the scanner at time
T2.
[0032] FIG. 19 is a schematic plan view of portions of the
measurement system shown in FIG. 1, showing the scanner back at the
home position.
[0033] FIG. 20 is a schematic plan view of portions of the
measurement system shown in FIG. 1, showing the communication of
data between a target and the scanner.
[0034] FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view of an example bridge
of the measurement system shown in FIG. 1.
[0035] FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view of an example upper
tram assembly of the measurement system shown in FIG. 1.
[0036] FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of an example cart
of the measurement system shown in FIG. 1.
[0037] FIG. 24 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an
architecture of an example computing device of the measurement
system shown in FIG. 1.
[0038] FIG. 25 is an screen shot of an example user interface of an
application program of the measurement system shown in FIG. 1.
[0039] FIG. 26 is an screen shot of an example user interface of an
application program.
[0040] FIG. 27 is an screen shot of another example user interface
of an application program.
[0041] FIG. 28 is an screen shot of another example user interface
of an application program.
[0042] FIG. 29 is an screen shot of another example user interface
of an application program.
[0043] FIG. 30 is an screen shot of another example user interface
of an application program.
[0044] FIG. 31 is an screen shot of another example user interface
of an application program.
[0045] FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example
communication network associated with the measurement system shown
in FIG. 1.
[0046] FIG. 33 is a screen shot of an example user interface of
another example application program.
[0047] FIG. 34 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example shop order window.
[0048] FIG. 35 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example customer window.
[0049] FIG. 36 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example insurance company selection menu.
[0050] FIG. 37 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example vehicle menu.
[0051] FIG. 38 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example setup window.
[0052] FIG. 39 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example measurement window.
[0053] FIG. 40 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example plan view measurement window.
[0054] FIG. 41 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example side view measurement window.
[0055] FIG. 42 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example vehicle dimensions window.
[0056] FIG. 43 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example estimation window.
[0057] FIG. 44 is a screen shot of the user interface shown in FIG.
33, including an example report window.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0058] Various embodiments will be described in detail with
reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals
represent like parts and assemblies throughout the several views.
Reference to various embodiments does not limit the scope of the
claims attached hereto. Additionally, any examples set forth in
this specification are not intended to be limiting and merely set
forth some of the many possible embodiments for the appended
claims.
[0059] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an example
measurement system 100. Measurement system 100 is depicted in FIG.
1 in an exemplary environment including a vehicle lift system 80
and vehicle 90. The vehicle 90 includes a body 92, frame 94, and
plurality of frame points represented by points 96 and 98.
[0060] The example measurement system 100 includes scanner 102,
target assemblies 104, bridge 106, and cart 108. Examples of target
assemblies 104 include frame attachment device 110, stems 112, and
targets 114.
[0061] Measurement system 100 operates, in some embodiments, to
measure the location of one or more points of frame 94 of vehicle
90, or other vehicle points. Examples of the points are points 96
and 98, shown in FIG. 1. If vehicle 90 includes a unibody design,
frame 94 is the unibody.
[0062] Measurement system 100 includes a scanner 102 that operates
to emit light, such as one or more laser beams 103a and 103b. At
least a portion of scanner 102 rotates about a central vertical
axis, which in turn causes laser beams 103a and 103b to rotate
about that axis. The laser beams 103a and 103b thereby define one
or more horizontal reference planes, from which distances to frame
points 96 and 98 can be computed.
[0063] Scanner 102 is typically arranged in a central region of
frame 94, between the front and rear ends of frame 94 and between
left and right sides of frame 94. Scanner 102 is also typically
arranged below frame 94, or below portions of frame 94, such that
parts of frame 94 do not block the paths between scanner 102 and
targets 114. In some embodiments, a bridge 106 is placed on top of
part of vehicle lift system 80, and provides a sturdy platform for
supporting scanner 102 in the central region of frame 94.
[0064] Target assemblies 104 are each connected to a point of
interest of frame 94, such as points 96 and 98. In one example,
target assembly 104 includes a frame attachment device 110 that
connects directly to frame 94 such as using a magnet or by
frictional engagement. An example of a point 96 or 98 is a location
of a particular bolt of frame 94. Other examples of points 96 or 98
are joints, corners, holes, surfaces, edges, or any other
identifiable location of frame 94.
[0065] Stem 112 a device that is configured to support a target 114
in a spaced relationship to frame attachment device 110. When
assembled, stem 112 is connected to frame attachment device 110.
Stem 112 has a length that is known or can be identified by
measurement system 100. An example of stem 112 is a rod.
[0066] Target 114 operates to detect laser beams 103a and 103b. The
time and position of the laser beam is recorded. Subsequent
calculations are then performed by measurement system 100 using
this data to compute the three-dimensional location of target 114,
and the associated point of frame 94.
[0067] Cart 108 provides a storage location for the various other
components of measurement system 100, and also houses a computing
device. In some embodiments the computing device receives position
data from scanner 102 and/or targets 114 and includes software that
generates one or more user interfaces.
[0068] FIG. 2 is a side view of an example scanner 102. In this
example, scanner 102 includes housing 202 including an upper
portion 204, a central portion 206, and a lower portion 208.
[0069] Housing 202 forms a protective enclosure for various scanner
components contained therein. The upper portion 204 of housing 202
includes a handle 210, in some embodiments, which permits a user to
easily grasp and transport scanner 102. In some embodiments, upper
portion 204 houses communication circuitry that sends and/or
receives electromagnetic signals, such as radio frequency waves.
Accordingly, in some embodiments upper portion 204 is made of a
material that does not significantly interfere with sending and/or
reception of such signals, such as a non-metallic material. An
example of a suitable material is a polymer, such as a plastic
material. Other materials or combinations of materials are used in
other embodiments.
[0070] Central portion 206 includes a recessed region 220 that is
recessed from the lower periphery 214 of upper portion 204 and from
an upper periphery 230 of lower portion 208. A rotating section 222
of scanner 102 is located within recessed region 220. The rotating
section 222 is protected from inadvertent contact with other
objects by being located within recessed region 220. For example,
if an object, such as a hand, comes into contact with a side of
scanner 102, the protruding upper and lower periphery 214 and 230
will tend to come into contact with the object to stop the object
from contacting the recessed rotating section 222.
[0071] In some embodiments, rotating section 222 includes an optics
assembly (shown in FIG. 3) that generates one or more light beams.
Apertures 224 and 226 are provided in rotating section 222 to
permit the one or more light beams to pass therethrough. In some
embodiments the outer part of rotating section 222 forms a
flywheel, which contains apertures 224 and 226.
[0072] Lower portion 208 of housing 202 encloses a bottom portion
of scanner 102. In some embodiments a synchronization assembly 240
is contained within lower portion 208, and includes lenses 242
through which a synchronization signal is transmitted. An example
of a synchronization signal is an infrared light pulse (or set of
pulses).
[0073] Lower portion 208 also includes a profiled bottom surface
250 in some embodiments. The profiled bottom surface 250 includes
recesses 252 and 254. Recesses 252 and 254 aid in proper alignment
of scanner 102 by engaging with rails of bridge 106. When bridge
106 is arranged transverse to lift system 80, recesses 252 and 254
engage with bridge 106 when recesses 252 and 254 are arranged
parallel with rails of bridge 106. The engagement of recesses 252
and 254 with rails of bridge 106 reduces potential movement or
rotation of scanner 102 with respect to bridge 106, such as due to
the rotation of rotating section 222 or any vibration generated by
scanner 102.
[0074] Some embodiments of scanner 102 include a connection panel
260 for electrically connecting scanner 102 with another device. In
this example, connection panel 260 includes an Ethernet port 262,
universal serial bus port 264, and a power adapter port 266.
Scanner 102 also includes a power switch 268 that allows an
operator to turn on and turn off scanner 102.
[0075] FIG. 3 is a schematic exploded block diagram illustrating an
example of scanner 102. Scanner 102 includes housing 202 (including
upper portion 204 and lower portion 208), upper section 302,
rotating section 222, lower section 304, and central shaft 306.
Additional components are also included in each section, as
discussed below.
[0076] Upper portion 204 of housing 202 forms a cover for scanner
102 in some embodiments, while lower portion 208 of housing 202
forms a base for scanner 102. One or more bearing assemblies 308
and 309 are used in some embodiments as an interface between
stationary upper and lower sections 302 and 304 and rotating
section 222. Bearing assemblies 308 and 309 include one or more
bearings, such as a sliding bearing (such as a bushing or plain
bearing), rolling-element bearing (such as a ball bearing or pin
bearing), fluid bearings, or other bearings.
[0077] In this example, scanner 102 includes a multi-tiered design
including multiple different sections that form different interior
levels of the scanner 102. In this example, scanner 102 includes
three different sections, including an upper section 302, a
rotating section 222, and a lower section 304. A hollow central
shaft 306 extends through each of the sections 302, 222, and 304
and supports each section with respect to the other sections. In
some embodiments shaft 306 is hollow and provides a conduit for
electrical wires that extend between upper section 302 and lower
section 304 that protects the electrical wires against wear or
other damage that could otherwise occur if the wires were to come
into contact with rotating section 222.
[0078] In this example, upper section 302 and lower section 304
remain stationary during operation, while rotating section 222 is
caused to rotate about shaft 306, the operation of which is
discussed in more detail below.
[0079] Upper section 302 typically includes a base 310 that is
rigidly supported and connected to shaft 306 to prevent rotation of
upper section 302 and to support section 302 in a spaced
relationship to rotating section 222 and lower section 304. Base
310 supports additional components of upper section 302 in some
embodiments, such as electronic circuitry 312. Electronic circuitry
312 is arranged above, below, or both above and below base 310 in
various possible embodiments.
[0080] Electronic circuitry 312 includes, for example,
communication circuitry 314 and synchronization circuitry 318. In
some embodiments communication circuitry 314 and/or synchronization
circuitry 318 include one or more printed circuit boards 313.
Communication circuitry 314 includes one or more electronic
circuits that allow scanner 102 to communicate with targets 114
and/or a computing device (such as housed in cart 108), as shown in
FIG. 1. In some embodiments, communication circuitry 314 permits
direct communication between scanner 102 and targets 114, and
between scanner 102 and the computing device of cart 108. As one
example, communication circuitry 314 includes a radio frequency
transceiver configured to send and receive radio frequency signals.
An example of a suitable RF transceiver is the MRF24J40MA 2.4 GHz
RF Transceiver module distributed by Microchip Technology Inc.
having a corporate office in Chandler, Ariz. Other embodiments
include other communication circuitry.
[0081] In some embodiments communication circuitry also includes
programmable electronics, such as a processor and memory. An
example of a suitable processor is the dsPIC30F5011
high-performance, 16-bit digital signal controller distributed by
Microchip Technology Inc. Another example of a suitable processor
is the PIC32MX320F128H 32-bit microcontroller also distributed by
Microchip Technology Inc. Other examples of programmable
electronics include a central processing unit, a microprocessor, a
microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a field programmable
gate array, a digital signal processing device, a reduced
instruction set computing device, a complex instruction set
computing device, and an application-specific integrated circuit
device.
[0082] Memory is configured to store digital data including data
computed by the processor or received through the communication
circuitry. Memory is also configured to store data instructions,
which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to
execute one or more methods or operations as described herein.
Examples of memory devices include flash memory, random access
memory ("RAM"), read only memory ("ROM"), synchronous dynamic
access memory ("SDRAM"), and other known forms of digital
storage.
[0083] In some embodiments, communication circuitry also includes
an antenna 316 for transforming electrical signals into
electromagnetic signals, as well as for transforming
electromagnetic signals into electrical signals.
[0084] In some embodiments electronic circuitry 312 also includes
synchronization circuitry 318. Synchronization circuitry 318 is
used by scanner 102 to detect rotation of rotating section 222. In
some possible embodiments, synchronization circuitry 312 includes a
synchronization light generator, such as a light emitting diode
(LED). The LED is positioned above an aperture formed through base
310 to permit light to pass therethrough. Alternatively, in another
embodiment the LED is positioned below base 310. Light generated by
the synchronization circuitry 318 shines toward rotating section
222 in the direction of arrow A1. As rotating section 222 rotates,
a sync aperture 330 formed through rotating section 222
periodically becomes aligned with the LED, allowing light to pass
therethrough. The light is then detected by an optical detector 340
located at lower section 304. This allows scanner 102 to monitor
the rotation of rotating section 222 and to identify each time a
full rotation is made.
[0085] In another possible embodiment, the synchronization LED is
included as part of power supply 338, which can be positioned above
or within aperture 330. Light generated from the LED is then
detected by optical detector 340 once per rotation.
[0086] As noted above, bearing 308 is provided in some embodiments
between upper section 302 and rotating section 222 to maintain a
desired spacing between upper section 302 and rotating section 222
and to prevent undesired contact between the sections. Bearing 308
includes a hollow center so as to not interfere with shaft 306 that
extends therethrough.
[0087] Rotating section 222 is arranged between upper section 302
and lower section 304 and typically includes an optics assembly
332, base 334, and power supply 338. In this example, optics
assembly 332 includes a light generator in the form of laser 336.
Optics assembly 332 generates one or more laser beams 103a and 103b
that are output from scanner 102 through apertures 224 and 226.
Laser beams 103a and 103b rotate as rotating section 222 rotates.
Optics assembly 332 is described in more detail herein with
reference to FIGS. 4-7.
[0088] One example laser 336 generates a green laser beam. One
example of a suitable laser 336 is the industrial laser module
manufactured by Diode Laser Concepts, Inc. of Central Point, Oreg.
under Part No. 5K12B2-0010. The color of the green laser can be
expressed in terms of the primary wavelength of light produced by
laser 336. In some embodiments the wavelength is in a range from
about 492 nanometers to about 577 nanometers. In another
embodiment, the wavelength is in a range from about 520 nanometers
to about 565 nanometers. In another possible embodiment, the
wavelength is in a range from about 525 nanometers to about 540
nanometers. In another possible embodiment, the wavelength is about
532 nm. Other embodiments, however, generate light having
wavelengths outside of these ranges. For example, another possible
embodiment generates a red laser beam. Yet another possible
embodiment includes an ultra-violet laser either in place of, or in
addition to laser 336. As one example, light from the ultra-violet
laser has a wavelength in a range from 10 nanometers to 400
nanometers.
[0089] Green light is close to the center of the visible spectrum,
which makes the light more easily detectable to the human eye. In
addition, green light can be separated from infrared light, using
filters, to distinguish the laser beam from the infrared light
pulse used for synchronization at the targets.
[0090] In some embodiments laser 336 is a continuous wave laser, in
which the output of the laser is substantially constant over time.
In another possible embodiment, however, a pulsed mode laser is
used. In one embodiment, the pulsed mode laser pulses at a high
frequency, such as greater than about 100 kHz, or greater than
about 175 kHz, or greater than about 250 kHz, or greater than about
350 kHz, or greater than about 700 kHz. In some embodiments where
high frequency pulsing is used, the frequency should be great
enough that one or more pulses will fall within the detectable
range of each target. In another possible embodiment a low
frequency pulse is used. For example, in some embodiments each
pulse is approximately equal to or less than the duration of a
complete rotation of rotating section 222. For example, if rotating
section 222 operates complete a full rotation in about 250
milliseconds, a low frequency pulse may have a pulse time of less
than or equal to about 250 milliseconds.
[0091] Power supply 338 is provided to supply power to laser 336.
Due to the rotation of rotating section 222, a standard wire is
typically not used to supply power from upper and/or lower sections
302 and 304. Instead, in some embodiments power is delivered to
rotating section 222 with a rotational power delivery device, such
as a rotary transformer. In some embodiments bearing 308 is a
combination bearing 308 and rotary transformer.
[0092] An example of a rotary transformer includes two portions. A
first portion is a stationary portion that is connected to the
upper section 302 or the lower section 304 and receives power from
the corresponding electrical circuitry. Some embodiments provide an
AC drive signal to the first portion. The second portion is a
rotary portion that is connected to rotating section 222. The first
portion and the second portion are maintained in close proximity to
each other (such as within a few thousandths of an inch). Each of
the first and second portions contain doughnut-shaped pot cores and
corresponding coils. As the second portion rotates with rotating
section 222, electricity is generated within the coils from the
magnetic field generated from the first portion. The electricity is
then delivered to power supply 338.
[0093] Other embodiments include other rotational power delivery
devices, such as a brush and ring connection, a slip ring device,
or a rotating electrical connector.
[0094] In some embodiments, additional power supply circuitry is
provided by power supply 338, which receives power from the rotary
transformer. Examples of power supply 338 circuitry include a fuse,
a filter (such as including one or more capacitors or inductors), a
linear regulator, or other power supply circuitry.
[0095] Lower section 304 is arranged below rotating section 222 in
some embodiments. As discussed above, bearing assembly 309 is used
at the interface between rotating section 222 and lower section
304. The bearing assembly 309 supports rotating section 222 with
respect to lower section 304 and permits rotating section 222 to
rotate about shaft 306.
[0096] In some embodiments, lower section 304 includes base 342,
electronic circuitry 344, and motor 346. Electronic circuitry 344
and motor 346 are connected to and supported by base 342 in some
embodiments.
[0097] Electronic circuitry 344 typically includes programmable
electronics, such as a processor and memory. Additional examples of
programmable electronics are discussed herein. In this example,
electronic circuitry includes control circuitry 352 and
synchronization circuitry 354. In some embodiments control
circuitry includes a processor and memory. Program instructions,
such as in the form of software, can be stored in the memory and
executed by the processor to perform one or more methods or
operations, such as described herein. For example, in some
embodiments communications from targets is received through
communication circuitry 314 and communicated to control circuitry
352, such as via one or more wires 320 connected between electronic
circuitry 312 and electronic circuitry 344. Data contained in the
communications is then stored in memory of control circuitry 352.
In addition, in some embodiments additional processing is performed
on the data. Examples of such communications and data processing
operations are discussed in more detail herein.
[0098] Some embodiments of control circuitry 352 further include
communication circuitry, such as configured to communicate via a
network communication protocol, such as Ethernet or a wireless
communication protocol, such as one of the 802.11 family of
communication protocols.
[0099] Some embodiments of control circuitry 352 include motor
control circuitry. In another possible embodiment, separate motor
control circuitry is provided. The motor control circuitry controls
the operation of motor 346, which is coupled to rotating section
222 to cause rotating section to rotate relative to stationary
components of scanner 102 (such as lower section 304).
[0100] Motor 346 includes a transmission assembly that delivers
power from motor 346 to rotating section 222. An example of a
transmission assembly is a belt that is connected to a belt guide
coupled to rotating section 222. Other embodiments include other
transmission assemblies, such as a chain, gear assembly, frictional
wheel, or other transmission assemblies.
[0101] A gear module is included in some embodiments to transform
power from motor 346 to the desired form and/or to deliver the
power to the desired location. For example, the gear module can be
used to convert the motors rotational speed (e.g., rotations per
minute) to a desired rotational speed for the rotating section 222.
As another example, the gear module can be used to increase (or
decrease) the torque applied to rotating section 222.
[0102] Some embodiments of electronic circuitry 344 further include
synchronization circuitry 354, which operates with synchronization
circuitry 318 to monitor the rotation of rotating section 222 and
to generate a synchronization signal that is communicated to
targets 114. In one example, synchronization circuitry 354 is
located vertically below the synchronization light generator (such
as an LED) of synchronization circuitry 318. As rotating section
222 rotates, light from the light generator periodically becomes
aligned with sync aperture 330 and a light detector of
synchronization circuitry 354. This occurs, for example, once per
rotation if rotating section 222 includes one aperture. Additional
apertures are provided in some embodiments. When the light
detector, such as a photo diode, receives light from the light
generator, the light is converted into electricity that is detected
by synchronization circuitry 354. At that time, synchronization
circuitry generates a synchronization signal using one or more
synchronization signal generators 360 that communicate the
synchronization signal to targets 114.
[0103] In some embodiments, synchronization signal generators are
light-emitting diodes that generate electromagnetic radiation
having frequencies within (or substantially within) the infrared
light spectrum. The infrared light spectrum includes, for example,
electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between 0.7 and 300
micrometers. In one example embodiment, the synchronization signal
has a wavelength of about 940 nm. Other embodiments generate
electromagnetic radiation having other wavelengths. Some
embodiments use other synchronization signal generators, such as a
radio-frequency communication device, or a visible light generator.
Yet other embodiments communicate synchronization events using
wired communications.
[0104] In some embodiments, scanner 102 further includes a control
panel 362, such as provided at lower portion 208. Control panel 362
includes one or more output devices 364 and/or one or more input
devices. Examples of output devices 364 include status indicators,
such as a power status light, communication status indicators (such
as a send light and a receive light), and a laser status light.
Examples of input devices 366 include switches (or buttons), other
controls, and data communication ports. An example of a switch is a
power on/off switch for turning on or off scanner 102. Another
example of a switch is a laser on/off switch. An example of a data
communication port is an Ethernet communication port for data
communication between scanner and a computing device (such as
within cart 108). Such communication can be either direct
communication or network communication. In some embodiments, the
Ethernet communication port provides power to scanner 102. An
example of a suitable Ethernet communication port is a Power Over
Ethernet (POE) compatible port. Some embodiments include target
data communication ports. Another example of a data communication
port is a USB port. The USB port can be used, for example, for data
communication between scanner 102 and another device (i.e., a
computing device, a target, or another external device), or for
plugging in a memory card (such as a USB memory stick). The memory
card can then be used by scanner 102 to store data, or to retrieve
data, such as a software update. In another possible embodiment,
the USB port is a `B` port and is not used to receive a USB memory
stick in some embodiments. In some embodiments the USB port is used
to configure and diagnose the system.
[0105] Some embodiments of scanner 102 further include one or more
ports 368. An example of a port 368 is a power jack, such as for
receiving power from a power adapter, AC power cable, or DC power
cable. Some embodiments of electronic circuitry 344 include power
supply circuitry, such as for filtering or otherwise transforming
power received from port 368. In other embodiments, a power cord is
provided instead of (or in addition to) port 368. Other ports are
used in some embodiments.
[0106] FIGS. 4-7 illustrate several example embodiments of optics
assembly 332 of scanner 102, such as shown in FIG. 3.
[0107] FIG. 4 is a first embodiment of an example optics assembly
332. In this example, optics assembly 332 includes laser 336, beam
splitter 402, and mirror 404.
[0108] Laser 336 generates a laser beam L1 that is directed toward
beam splitter 402. Beam splitter 402 allows a portion P1 of the
light to pass through (L1), while reflecting the remaining portion
as beam L2. In some embodiments, P1 is in a range from about 40% to
about 60%, and in some embodiments is about 50%. In some
embodiments measurement of P1 is performed with light of a specific
wavelength, such as 630 nm. In another embodiment, the specific
wavelength of light generated by laser 336 is used to determine P1.
After the laser beam L2 has reflected, beam L2 is then directed
toward mirror 404, which is then reflected by mirror 404 as beam
L3.
[0109] It can be difficult, however, to precisely align laser 336
during manufacturing. Even if precisely aligned, the laser angle
may shift during use, particularly with solid-state lasers. For
example, a reference direction R1 is a desired location of laser
beam L1. If laser beam is slightly misaligned or shifted, as shown,
laser beam L1 can deviate by an angle A2 from the reference
direction. As a hypothetical, assume L1 deviates from reference
direction R1 by an angle A2 of 2.degree..
[0110] When beam L1 is reflected into beam L2 by beam splitter 402,
the deviation angle is multiplied by the reflection of beam
splitter 402. As a result, beam L2 now deviates from a desired
reference direction R2 by an angle of A3. In the hypothetical, the
angle A3 is now 4.degree., or twice A2. Beam L2 is then reflected
by mirror 404 as beam L3. A deviation is now further multiplied,
such that beam L3 deviates from reference direction R3 by a
deviation angle A4. In the hypothetical, angle A4 is 8.degree., or
double angle A3, and quadruple angle A2. The difference between
beams L1 and L2 is 6.degree. (the difference between A4 (8.degree.)
and A2 (2.degree.)).
[0111] As a result of the deviation, some embodiments include a
calibration operation in which laser 336 is carefully and precisely
aligned within a small tolerance range, such as within a fraction
of an angle to a reference direction R1. In some embodiments a
calibration operation is performed to measure the deviation angle.
In some embodiments, mathematical corrections are performed on the
resulting data to correct for the known or estimated deviation
angle.
[0112] FIG. 5 is a second embodiment of an example optics assembly
332. In this example, optics assembly 332 includes laser 336, and
mirrors 502, 504, 506, and 508. Mirror 502 allows a portion of the
light to pass through, while reflecting the remaining portion. In
some embodiments the mirror 502 allows a portion in a range from
about 40% to about 60% to pass through, and in another embodiment
allows a portion of about 50% to pass through.
[0113] Laser 336 generates laser beam L10. Due to the difficulty of
precisely aligning the laser beam L10 generated by laser 336 along
a desired reference direction R10, a deviation angle A10 can
result. However, in this embodiment the deviation angle A10 is not
multiplied. In a hypothetical example, angle A10 is 2.degree..
[0114] A portion of laser beam L1 is reflected by mirror 502 toward
mirror 504, which is in turn reflected by mirror 504 toward mirror
508. Mirrors 502 and 504 are positioned and angled relative to each
other such that the resulting laser beam L11 is reflected
substantially 90.degree. from the incoming direction. Because laser
L11 is reflected at 90.degree. regardless of whether it is
deviating from the reference direction or not, the mirrors 502 and
504 do not multiply the deviation angle. In the hypothetical
example, the deviation angle remains at 2.degree..
[0115] In some embodiments, mirrors 502 and 504 are surfaces of a
first pentaprism, and mirrors 506 and 508 are surfaces of a second
pentaprism. Each pentaprism includes surfaces that act as mirrors
502 and 504 or 506 and 508 to reflect incoming light substantially
90.degree..
[0116] Beam L11 then impinges upon mirror 508, which reflects beam
L11 toward mirror 506. The laser beam is the reflected by mirror
506 as laser beam L12. As previously discussed, mirrors 506 and 508
are positioned and aligned so as to reflect an incoming beam
substantially 90.degree.. As a result, the deviation angle A12 of
laser beam L12 from the reference direction R12 is not further
multiplied. In the hypothetical example, angle A12 remains at
2.degree..
[0117] A10 and A12 have the same angle, such that the difference
between angles A10 and A12 is substantially zero. As a result,
laser beams L10 and L12 remain substantially parallel will a small
deviation in laser angle A10.
[0118] Although the deviation angles A10, A11, and A12 do not
change in some embodiments, the distance traveled by beam L10, L11,
and L12 does cause a small deviation distance D2. The deviation
distance can be calculated using the formula:
D2=D1.times.sin(A10)
where D1 is the overall distance that the laser beam L10, L11, and
L12 has traveled.
[0119] FIG. 6 is a third embodiment of an example optics assembly
332. In this example, optics assembly 332 includes a first rod 602
and a second rod 604. The first rod includes surface 610 at a first
end and surface 612 at a second opposing end. The second rod
includes surface 614 at a first end and surface 616 at a second
opposing end.
[0120] In one example embodiment, rods 602 and 604 are made of
glass or other transparent or translucent materials. Rods 602 can
be formed of a one or more solid cylindrical rods, or solid
rectangular rods, for example. Surfaces 610, 612, 614, and 616 are
beveled at desired angles, such as substantially 45.degree. angles.
Surfaces 612 and 614 are aligned and in facing relationship. In
some embodiments surfaces 612 and 614 are abutted together. In
other embodiments surfaces 612 and 614 are fastened together, such
as with an adhesive (i.e., glue) or other fastener, such as tape or
a bracket. In some embodiments rods 602 and 604 are inserted within
an orifice within a block, and orifices are provided to allow laser
beams L22 and L24 to pass therethrough. In some embodiments, one or
more of rods 602, 604, or the combination of rods 602 and 604 have
a rhombic shape, and are therefore sometimes referred to herein as
rhombic prisms. In some embodiments, one or more of the rods have a
side cross-sectional shape of a rhomboid--a parallelogram in which
the angles are oblique. Some embodiments have adjacent sides of
unequal lengths. Some embodiments have a side cross-sectional shape
of a rhombus--a parallelogram in which the angles are oblique and
adjacent sides are of substantially equal length. In some
embodiments, one or more of rods 602 and 604 are made of two or
more pieces.
[0121] In an example embodiment, rods 602 and 604 have a
substantially square lateral cross-section, having a width in a
range from about 1 mm to about 20 mm, and preferably in a range
from about 3 mm to about 8 mm. In an example embodiment, an offset
distance between laser beam L20 and laser beam L22 is less than
about 20 mm, and preferably in a range from about 3 mm to about 7
mm.
[0122] Laser beam L20 is generated by laser 336, and as discussed
above, may deviate from a desired reference direction R20, such as
by an angle A20. In a hypothetical example, angle A20 is
2.degree..
[0123] Beam L20 passes through a side of rod 602 and impinges on
the interior side of surface 610. Preferably surface 610 is
mirrored to reflect all or substantially all of the laser beam
internally, resulting in laser beam L21. The deviation angle is
multiplied by the reflection, such that angle A21 is double angle
A20. In the hypothetical example, angle A21 is 4.degree..
[0124] One or more of surfaces 612 and 614 are mirrored such that a
portion of laser beam L21 is reflected out of optics assembly 332
as laser beam L22 and the rest is passed into rod 604. The
deviation angle of laser beam L22 is multiplied by mirror surface
612 or 614, such that angle A22 is double that of angle A21. In the
hypothetical example, angle A22 is 8.degree.. In this example
embodiment, laser L21 approaches the mirror (including surfaces 614
and 612) from one side, and laser beam L23 passes through the other
side on its path to surface 616. This is in contrast to the
embodiment shown in FIG. 4, where laser beam L1 approaches mirror
402 from one side, and laser beam L2 reflects from that same side
toward mirror 404. The alignment of the laser beams is therefore
improved in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
[0125] The rest of laser beam L21 continues into rod 604 as beam
L23. The deviation angle A23 is unchanged from angle A21 by passing
through surfaces 612 and 614. Beam L23 then impinges on the
interior side of surface 616. Surface 616 is mirrored such that
beam L23 is reflected out of optics assembly 332 as laser beam L24.
The deviation angle A24 is multiplied by the reflection at surface
616, such that angle A24 is double that of angles A21 and A23. In
the hypothetical example, angle A24 is 8.degree..
[0126] In this example, however, the deviation angles A22 and A24
are substantially equal. As a result, the difference between the
angles is substantially zero. As a result, laser beams L22 and L24
are substantially parallel. In some embodiments the distance
between beams L22 and L24 is in a range from about 50 mm to about
200 mm, and preferably from about 80 mm to about 120 mm. In one
specific example, the distance between beams L22 and L24 is about
101.6 mm. In some embodiments, laser beam L22 and L24 is parallel
to less than 10 mrad in both axes, and preferably to less than 3
mrad in both axes.
[0127] As noted above, some embodiments involve determining the
deviation angle and correcting measurements accordingly. Such a
determination of the deviation angle can be performed, for example,
during a calibration operation.
[0128] In some of the embodiments discussed above, anti-reflective
coatings are provided at interfaces where reflection is not
desired, such as on the side of rod 602 where laser beam L20 enters
rod 602, and on the side of rod 604 where laser beam L24 exits rod
604. In some embodiments, reflective coatings are provided on
surfaces where it is desired that substantially all of the laser
beam be reflected, such as surface 610 and surface 616.
[0129] An alternative to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is to
replace rod 602 with a combination of a prism and a beam splitter.
Laser L20 is first directed into the prism, and then reflected into
the beam splitter, where laser beams L22 and L23 are separated.
Similarly, rod 604 is replaced in some embodiments with a glass rod
with flat ends, where one of the ends is aligned with the beam
splitter to receive laser beam L23. A prism is then arranged at the
other end of the rod to reflect the laser beam as laser beam L24.
Other embodiments include yet other optical arrangements.
[0130] FIG. 7 is a fourth embodiment of an example optics assembly
332. In this example, optics assembly includes laser 336a and laser
336b. Laser 336a generates a laser beam L31. Laser 336b generates a
laser beam L32.
[0131] In this example, separate lasers are used to generate the
laser beams L31 and L32. It is possible that laser 336a and laser
336b will be slightly misaligned from the desired reference
directions R31 and R32. For example beam L31 may be misaligned by
an angle A31, while beam L32 may be misaligned by an angle A32. In
this example, however, there may not be any correlation between
angles A31 and A32, such as if they are separately mounted and
secured within scanner 102.
[0132] FIGS. 8-15 illustrate example embodiments of target assembly
104, such as including an attachment device 110, stem 112, and
target 114. FIGS. 8-9 illustrate an example of attachment device
110. FIGS. 10-11 illustrate an example of stem 112. FIGS. 12-15
illustrate an example of target 114.
[0133] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an example attachment device
110. FIG. 9 is another perspective view of the example attachment
device 110, shown in FIG. 8. The attachment device is configured to
attach to a frame 94 (or other portion) of a vehicle 90, such as
illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0134] In this example, attachment device 110 includes a body 802
and stem engagement device 808. Body 802 includes a face surface
804 that is configured to abut a surface of frame 94. Attachment
device 110 includes a fastener 806, such as a magnet, that
magnetically attaches attachment device 110 to frame 94 at a
desired location. In some embodiments fastener 806 is a rare-earth
magnet that provides a relatively high attachment force. Other
embodiments include other fasteners 806, such as an adhesive, tape,
clip, hook, bolt, nail, strap, or other device capable of fastening
to frame 94 or other portion of a vehicle. In some embodiments face
surface 804 has a ring-shape that protrudes from a central region.
The protrusion permits a bolt, screw, or other protruding feature
of frame 94 to be received therein.
[0135] Attachment device 110 typically includes a stem engagement
device 808 configured to engage with a portion of stem 112. In some
embodiments stem engagement device 808 forms a socket joint for
receiving a ball portion of stem 112. The socket joint permits the
ball portion to pivot within the socket. Ball portion of stem 112
can be inserted by applying a sufficient insertion force, which
causes arms of stem engagement device 808 to expand to receive the
ball portion into the socket. Similarly, a sufficient removal force
will cause arms of stem engagement device 808 to expand, thereby
releasing the ball portion from the socket. Other stem engagement
devices are used in other embodiments.
[0136] In some embodiments, attachment device 110 is used with an
adapter. The adapter is arranged between the attachment device 110
and the frame. A variety of different adapters can be used to
permit attachment to various features of the frame, such as holes,
studs, bolts, or other features of the frame. In some embodiments,
magnets are included within the adapter rather than, or in addition
to being in attachment device 110. One or more small round magnets
are used in some embodiments, which can be pressed into holes
formed in the adapter body, which may be formed of aluminum or one
or more other non-ferrous materials. In another embodiment, a
magnetic ring is used, with or without non-ferrous material added
to it.
[0137] FIGS. 10-11 illustrate an example stem 112. FIG. 10 is a
side view and FIG. 11 is a perspective end view. In this example,
stem 112 includes ball portion 1002, extension member 1004, coupler
1006, and connector 1008.
[0138] Stem 112 is configured to connect between attachment device
110 and target 114. Stem 112 allows target 114 to hang a distance
L1 below attachment device 110, so that target 114 can be arranged
within the path of laser beams 103, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0139] Ball portion 1002 is configured to engage with stem
engagement device 808 to allow stem to be hung from attachment
device 110, when the attachment device 110 is connected to a frame
94. Other joints or fasteners are used in other embodiments.
[0140] Ball portion 1002 extends from an end of extension member
1004. Extension member performs the function of separating ball
portion 1002 from connector 1008 by a desired distance. In some
embodiments a plurality of differently sized stems 112 are provided
as a kit, and the user can select from the plurality of differently
sized stems to obtain a stem 112 that has a length L1 suitable to
lower the target 114 into the path of laser beams 103. In some
embodiments extension member 1004 is color coded with a color C1.
The color C1 is associated with a length L1 of that particular stem
112. An example of the color coding is illustrated in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Stem Length Color Codes Length L1 Resistance
Type Stem Color (mm) Kit Quantity (ohms) Lower Stem Black 44.73 10
1K Lower Stem Silver 75.72 10 1.8K Lower Stem Red 155.23 10 2.7K
Lower Stem Gold 232.77 10 3.7K Lower Stem Green 312.88 10 4.8K
Lower Stem Blue 392.53 10 5.9K Lower Stem Purple 472.87 10 7.15K
Upper Stem Red 177.53 6 -- Upper Stem Gold 252.54 6 --
[0141] In this example, a kit comes with a plurality of differently
sized stems 112. The lengths L1 are, for example, the overall
length from the top of the ball portion 1002 to the bottom of
connector 1008. In some embodiments this data is stored as a lookup
table in memory of a computing device. In some embodiments
additional data regarding relevant lengths is stored in memory. For
example, in some embodiments a distance from a center point of ball
portion 1002 to a center line of target 114 is computed for each
stem 112, when the target assembly 104 is fully assembled. This
distance is referred to as the optimized functional length of the
stem 112. This value is subsequently used, in some embodiments, to
determine the location of the feature of frame 94 to which
attachment device 110 is attached, as discussed below. The example
kit described in Table 1 is only one possible example of a kit.
Other possible embodiments include other quantities and collections
of stems.
[0142] In some embodiments multiple types of stems are included.
For example, lower stems 112 are used as illustrated in FIG. 1 to
hang a target from a location on frame 94. Upper stems are used in
cooperation with an upper tram, discussed in more detail herein, to
hang target 114 from the upper tram.
[0143] A coupler 1006 is used in some embodiments to connect
extension member 1004 with connector 1008. Connector 1008 is, for
example, a device that connects stem 112 with a target 114. In some
embodiments connector 1008 is a male Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC)
type of connector, although other embodiments include other
connectors. In some embodiments BNC connectors include one or more
slots 1010 for receiving corresponding pins of a female BNC
connector, which allows the female connector to be inserted
straight into connector 1008 and then rotated to lock the female
connector in place within the male connector 1008. To remove the
female connector, a slight inward force is applied, and then the
female connector is rotated and removed out from the male connector
1008.
[0144] In some embodiments, connector 1008, and/or coupler 1006 are
water tight and sealed from fluid intrusion (when connector 1008 is
mated with the female connector). This prevents water (such as from
vehicle 90) from entering the connector 1008.
[0145] In some embodiments stem 112 includes an automatic
identification device that allows target 114 to identify which stem
112 it is connected to. An example of an automatic identification
device is a conductive element coupled to a resistive element 1014.
The resistance of the resistive element can be detected by the
target by an electrical connection between the conductive element
1012 and the connector 1008 housing, for example. Once the
resistance is known, the target 114 (or another device) uses a
lookup table, in some embodiments, to determine the length L1 of
the associated stem 112. Other identification devices are used in
other embodiments. For example, other electrical components can be
used, such as a capacitor (having a given capacitance) or inductor
(having a given inductance) to identify the device. Yet other
embodiments include an RFID tag or wireless transmitter. Another
embodiment includes an integrated circuit or microprocessor that
communicates identification information to target 114. In some
embodiments, targets turn on automatically when stem 112 is
connected to it.
[0146] FIGS. 12-15 illustrate examples of target 114. FIG. 12 is a
front perspective view, FIG. 13 is a front elevational view, FIG.
14 is a front cross-sectional block diagram, and FIG. 15 is a side
cross-sectional block diagram.
[0147] In some embodiments, target 114 includes a housing 1202,
connector 1204, charging contacts 1206, optical detector 1208,
status indicators 1210, position indicators 1212, synchronization
detector 1214, and boot 1216.
[0148] Housing 1202 forms a protective enclosure for target 114,
which contains various components therein, such as electrical
circuitry, a circuit board, and batteries. In some embodiments,
housing 1202 is sealed against fluid intrusion. An example of a
suitable material for housing 1202 is a polymer, such as plastic.
Other embodiments include other materials.
[0149] Connector 1204 is provided in some embodiments to connect
target 114 with stem 112. An example of connector 1204 is a female
BNC connector. In some embodiments connector 1204 includes one or
more pins 1220 that are configured to engage with slots 1010 of
stem connector 1008. In another possible embodiment, connector 1204
is a male connector, while connector 1008 is a female connector.
Yet other connectors are used in other embodiments. In this
example, connector 1204 is coupled to an upper portion of housing
1202, and is substantially aligned with a vertical center of mass
of target 114 so that target 114 will hang substantially vertically
when suspended by attachment device 110 and stem 112. In some
embodiments, one or more of connectors 1204 and 1008 are spring
loaded.
[0150] Charging contacts 1206 are provided in some embodiments to
receive power from an external source for recharging batteries
contained within target 114. In some embodiments target 114
includes a battery recharging module that is electrically connected
to charging contacts. The battery recharging module includes, for
example, electronics configured to properly recharge the batteries,
such as a smart charger that prevents overcharging of the
batteries. In some embodiments the battery recharging module is
configured to perform trickle charging to maintain a battery in a
fully charged state after recharging. Other embodiments do not
include a battery recharging module, which may, instead, be
provided by an external device, such as cart 108 as discussed in
more detail herein.
[0151] Optical detector 1208 is provided in some embodiments to
detect light generated by scanner 102. An example of an optical
detector is a sensor array, such as an array of photodiodes. The
optical detector 1208 operates to detect when a laser beam 103 of
scanner 102 hits optical detector 1208. Also, in some embodiments,
the optical detector 1208 further determines a position along the
optical detector 1208 where the laser beam 103 made contact with
the optical detector 1208. In some embodiments the optical detector
is arranged co-axial with a vertical center of gravity of target
114.
[0152] An example of a photodiode array is a plurality of
photodiodes arranged along an imaginary line. In one example, the
cathodes of each of the photodiodes are shorted to a voltage
source, while the anodes of the photodiodes are electrically
coupled along a resistive ladder. Electrical circuitry is then
coupled to each end of the photodiode array to detect the
respective currents (or voltages). In an example embodiment, the
optical detector 1208 is a sensor array including a plurality of
optical sensors, the number of optical sensors being in a range
from about 10 to about 100, and in another possible embodiment,
being in a range from about 20 to about 40. In some embodiments the
optical detector 1208 has a vertical height in a range from about 5
cm to about 30 cm, and in another possible embodiment, from about
10 cm to about 15 cm.
[0153] In some embodiments, optical detector 1208 operates to
generate instantaneous peak signals from each end of the sensor
array. The ratio of the difference over the sum of these two
signals provides an approximate position that the laser beam 103
was detected along the range of the optical detector 1208. In some
embodiments the sensor array is non-linear. A look-up table with
interpolation is used in some embodiments to identify the position
of the laser beam with respect to the optical detector 1208. The
lookup table is stored in memory in some embodiments, such as on
target 114, or on scanner 102, or on a computing device, such as
within cart 108.
[0154] Another example of an optical detector includes a
fluorescent bar. The fluorescent bar is made of a material that can
absorb light generated by the laser beam 103 in scanner 102. For
example, laser beam 103 is an ultraviolet laser beam. Once the
fluorescent bar has absorbed light from laser beam 103, the
fluorescent bar fluoresces. In some embodiments, the fluorescing is
detected by photocells positioned at each end of the fluorescent
bar. The position of the laser beam along the fluorescent bar can
then be determined by comparing the signals from each photocell,
such as by taking a ratio of the difference over the sum and
linearizing the result with a look-up table. Some embodiments
include multiple optical detectors 1208, such as sensor array and a
fluorescent bar.
[0155] One or more status indicators 1210 are provided in some
embodiments to indicate an operating status of target 114. In some
embodiments, status indicators 1210 include one or more lights,
such as light emitting diodes. The lights are arranged in some
embodiments such that at least one light is visible from any
horizontal direction (when target 114 is arranged vertically as
shown), such as in any location 360.degree. around target 114. As
shown in FIG. 12, some embodiments include status indicators 1210
on the left and right sides, as well as portions of the front and
back sides (the rear side of the status indicator being a mirror
image of the front side). Other embodiments include other
configurations.
[0156] One of more status codes are provided by status indicators
1210. For example, in some embodiments the status indicator turns
on when the target 114 is powered on in some embodiments, and turns
off when the target 114 is powered off. In another possible
embodiment, multiple different colored lights are used to represent
different statuses. For example, in one possible embodiment the
following status lights are used: (1) red indicates that an error
has been detected, (2) blue indicates that the target is on and has
received a sync signal but not detected a laser beam, (3) green
indicates that the target is on and has received a sync signal and
detected a laser beam, and (4) magenta indicates that the target is
on but is not detecting sync or laser beams. Status lights can be
constant on or flashing. In some embodiments, the computing device
sends a message to a target 114 through scanner 102 asking the
target to identify itself. When target 114 receives the message, a
white status light flashes so that the operator can identify the
particular target.
[0157] Position indicators 1212 are provided in some embodiments to
provide a visual indication of the position of target 114 relative
to an expected or desired position. Some embodiments do not include
position indicators 1212, while other embodiments include one or
more position indicators 1212. One possible embodiment includes a
single position indicator 1230. The position indicator 1230 can
include multiple lights, in some embodiments, so that it is more
easily visible from different locations around target 114. For
example, left position indicator 1230a can include one or more
lights that are easily visible toward the left side of target 114,
while right position indicator 1230b can include one or more lights
that are easily visible toward the right side of target 114.
[0158] The position indicator 1230 indicates, for example, how
close to the expected position the target 114 is at a given time.
Multiple differently colored lights are provided in some
embodiments, such as a red light, a yellow light, and a green
light. The red light indicates that the target 114 is outside of a
specified range of positions. The yellow light indicates that the
target 114 is within a specified range of acceptable positions. The
green light indicates that the target is within a preferred range
of positions.
[0159] As one example, suppose that a target 114 is initially
positioned so that it is outside of a specified range of positions.
In this situation, the position indicator 1230 of target 114 may be
red. An operator may then use a winch or other device to attempt to
adjust the frame. While the adjustment is being made, the target
114 continues to monitor its current position and adjusts the
position indicator 1230 to yellow as soon as the position comes to
within a specified range of acceptable positions. The operator may
continue adjusting the frame, for example, until the position
indicator 1230 is adjusted to green, showing that the target 114
(and the frame to which it is ultimately attached) is within a
preferred range of positions.
[0160] In some embodiments, if the operator inadvertently adjusts
the frame too far, such that target detects that the position has
started to go outside of the preferred range of positions in the
opposite direction from the original position, the position
indicator 1230 illuminates a different colored (e.g., blue) light
to indicate that the adjustment has gone too far and that the
target is not within the preferred range of positions. If the
adjustment continues in the wrong directly, a magenta light is used
to indicate that the operator has gone far past the original
position.
[0161] It is noted that although the position of the target is
sometimes referred to herein, a position of the stem, a position of
an attachment device, or a position of a part of a frame can
alternatively be used by computing the respective distance that the
position is from the target position.
[0162] Another possible embodiment includes multiple position
indicators, such as three position indicators including height
indicator 1230, width indicator 1232, and length indicator 1234. In
this embodiment, height indicator 1230 indicates the height
position of target 114 with respect to an expected height, width
indicator 1232 indicates a width position of target 114 with
respect to an expected width position, and length indicator 1234
indicates a length position of target 114 with respect to an
expected length. In this way, target 114 provides a visual
indication to the operator that tells the operator whether the
frame to which the target 114 needs to be adjusted vertically,
laterally, longitudinally, or a combination of these.
[0163] The terms longitudinally and laterally are used with respect
to the length of the vehicle, such that a longitudinal axis extends
between the front and rear of the vehicle, and a lateral axis
extends between left and right sides of the vehicle.
[0164] A synchronization detector 1214 is provided in some
embodiments to detect a synchronization signal, such as generated
by scanner 102. The synchronization detector is, for example, an
infrared detector.
[0165] A protective boot 1216 is provided on one or more external
surfaces of housing 1202 in some embodiments, such as around a
bottom portion of target 114. The boot 1216 is typically made of a
shock absorbing material, such as a rubber material, to protect
target 114 from a sudden shock, such as if the target 114 is
accidentally dropped or otherwise comes into contact with another
object. In some embodiments, protective boot 1216 also acts to
protect other objects in case of contact with target 114. For
example, protective boot 1216 can protect a body of a vehicle from
an unintended scratch or dent if target 114 were to make contact
with the body.
[0166] FIG. 13 is a front view of an example target 114. In this
example, housing 1202 includes a face surface 1302 that surrounds
optical detector 1208.
[0167] In some embodiments, at least portions of face surface 1302
have a color. The color is selected such that the laser beam 103 is
easily visible on face surface 1302 when it comes into contact with
the face surface 1302. In some embodiments the portions of face
surface 1302 are in the form of measurement bars 1304. In this
example, measurement bars are white. Laser beam 103 is easily
visible on the white surface. In some embodiments other portions of
housing 1202 have a dark color, such as black, on which laser beam
103 is not as easily visible.
[0168] In some embodiments, measurement bars 1304 includes ruled
markings 1306 that allow an operator to estimate distances. In some
embodiments larger ruled markings are used to identify points that
are one centimeter apart, while smaller ruled markings are used to
identify points that are 5 mm away from each larger ruled marking
Other ruled markings are used in other embodiments.
[0169] FIGS. 14-15 illustrate additional block diagrams of example
targets 114. FIG. 14 is a front cross-sectional block diagram and
FIG. 15 is a side cross-sectional block diagram.
[0170] In this example, target 114 includes housing 1202, connector
1206, optical detector 1208, synchronization detector 1214, one or
more circuit boards 1402 and 1404, one or more batteries 1406
(i.e., one battery, two batteries, etc.), communication device
1408, and other electronic circuitry, such as processor 1410 and
memory 1412.
[0171] At least some electronic circuitry is typically included on
one or more circuit boards, such as circuit board 1402 and circuit
board 1404. Examples of electronic circuitry are discussed herein.
One example of electronic circuitry is programmable circuitry, such
as including processor 1410 and memory 1412. In some embodiments,
memory 1412 stores instructions, which when executed by processor
1410 cause processor 1410 to perform one or more methods or
operations, such as those discussed herein. In some embodiments
batteries 1406 are supported by or connected to one or more of
boards 1402 and 1404. In another embodiment, batteries 1406 are
contained within the housing and are electrically coupled to the
electronic components of target 114, but are physically separated
from boards 1402 and 1404.
[0172] Electronic circuitry is powered, in some embodiments, by one
or more batteries 1406, contained within housing 1202. In some
embodiments, target 114 is normally off, but automatically powers
on when connected with stem 112. For example, in some embodiments
an electronic circuit between batteries 1406 and the electronic
circuitry is normally open at connector 1204. The circuit is closed
upon connection of stem 112 and current flows through conductive
element 1012, resistive element 1014, and connector 1010. In some
embodiments the current flow does not go through outer connector
1010, but rather through another connector.
[0173] Electronic circuitry includes, in some embodiments, a
battery charging module that is electrically coupled to batteries
1406 to recharge the batteries 1406 after use. While some
embodiments include rechargeable batteries, other embodiments
include disposable batteries. In some embodiments, batteries store
enough power to allow target 114 to operate for more than 8 hours
under normal use. In other embodiments, batteries store enough
power for more than 12 hours of use, or for more than 16 hours of
use. Other embodiments use other power sources, such as receiving
power through a wire, or from a solar panel, etc.
[0174] In some embodiments electronic circuitry further includes
synchronization detector 1214 and communication device 1408.
Synchronization detector 1214 is discussed above, and operates, for
example, to detect a synchronization signal generated by scanner
102. Communication device 1408 is a device that operates to
communicate with another device, such as scanner 102 or a computing
device, such as in cart 108. An example of communication device
1408 is a radio frequency communication device. In some embodiments
communication device 1408 communicates digital data utilizing a
data communication protocol, such as one of the family of 802.11
protocols. For example, in some embodiments the processor 1410 of
target 114 utilizes communication device 1408 to communicate
digital data with communication circuitry 314 of scanner 102. In
other possible embodiments, communication device 1408 communicates
digital data with a computing device, such as contained within cart
108. In some embodiments, communication between target 114 and
scanner 102 and target 114 and the computing device is direct
communication. In some embodiments, targets 114 only directly
communicate with scanner 102.
[0175] FIGS. 16-20 illustrate an example method of determining a
position of a target 114. FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of
portions of an example measurement system 100. The measurement
system 100 includes a scanner 102 having an optics assembly 332 and
at least one laser 336. The outputs of the optics assembly 332 are
laser beams 103a and 103b. At least part of scanner 102 rotates in
the direction of rotation R16 about a vertical axis of rotation
1602. Scanner includes a home position where an angle of rotation
.theta.=0.degree.. In some embodiments the home position is defined
as shown in FIG. 3, as the position in which synchronization
circuitry 318 (such as a synchronization LED) is aligned with sync
aperture 330 and optical detector 340. When in the home position,
scanner 102 generates a synchronization signal 1604. The
synchronization signal 1604 is detected by target 114, which
records a time T0 from an internal clock at which the
synchronization signal 1604 is received. An example of the internal
clock is a 32 bit counter with a clock speed of 10 ns (100 MHz).
Another example of the internal clock is a counter with a clock
speed of 50 ns (20 MHz). Other embodiments include other counters
or other clock speeds.
[0176] Referring now to FIG. 17, scanner 102 continues to rotate
about vertical axis of rotation 1602. At some point, laser beam
103b comes into contact with target 114. The optical detector 1208
of target 114 detects laser beam 103b and target 114 records in
memory a time T1 from an internal clock at which the laser beam
103b is detected. In some embodiments, target 114 records both
times when the leading and trailing edge of laser beam 103b are
detected, and averages them together to obtain time T1 at which the
laser beam 103b is at the center of the optical detector 1208.
[0177] Referring now to FIG. 18, scanner 102 continues to rotate
about vertical axis of rotation 1602. Shortly after time T1, laser
beam 103a comes into contact with target 114. The optical detector
1208 of target 114 detects laser beam 103a and target 114 records
in memory a time T2 from an internal clock at which the laser beam
103b is detected. In some embodiments T2 is the average time of the
detected leading and trailing edges of the laser beam 103a.
[0178] Referring now to FIG. 19, scanner 102 continues to rotate
about vertical axis of rotation 1602. Once scanner 102 has
completed a full rotation, it returns to the home position. At this
time scanner 102 transmits another synchronization signal 1604,
which is detected by target 114. Target 114 records the time T4 in
memory. This time is also used as T0 for the next scan.
[0179] Referring now to FIG. 20, scanner 102 continues to rotate
about vertical axis of rotation 1602. While scanner 102 is
rotating, target 114 operates to process data and prepare it for
transmission to scanner 102. For example, in some embodiments times
T0, T1, T2, and T3 are modified by subtracting T0 to obtain a value
of the time that elapsed from time T0.
[0180] In some embodiments, in order to reduce the chance that
multiple targets 114 will attempt to communicate with scanner 102
at the same time, targets 114 package a message together but wait
to send the message until a predetermined transmit time. As one
example, target 114 waits to transmit the message back to scanner
102 until the next time T1, when laser beam 103b is detected.
[0181] A message 2000 is then transmitted from target 114 to
scanner 102, such as using communication device 1408 of target 114
and communication circuitry 314 of scanner 102.
[0182] An example of the data transmitted in message 2000 includes
one or more of the following. The period, or total time of one
rotation of scanner 102 (T4); the times T1 and T2 at which laser
beams 103b and 103a were detected; the heights H1 and H2 of each
laser beam 103b and 103a along optical detector 1208 or any other
desired data. In some embodiments, if scanner 102 has data to send
to the target 114, the data can be transmitted from scanner 102 to
target 114 during this communication. For example, scanner 102 can
send status information, alignment information, or other
information to target 114. In some embodiments, scanner 102 sends
data to target 114 after receiving the data from the computing
device of cart 108. An example of alignment data is data that
indicates whether the associated position is properly aligned or is
out of alignment, and can include height, width, and length related
data. This data is used by the target 114 to properly illuminate
position indicators (e.g., 1230, 1232, and 1234 shown in FIG. 12)
to visually indicate whether the associated point is currently out
of position, and the relative extent of the error.
[0183] In some embodiments, height values H1 and H2 are computed as
a distance from a center point of optical detector 1208. In some
embodiments a laser beam detected below the center point is given a
positive value and a laser beam detected above the center point is
given a negative value. This is done in some embodiments because
raising of the frame would cause the laser beam 103 to strike lower
on optical detector 1208, while lowering the frame would cause the
laser beam 103 to strike higher on optical detector 1208.
[0184] In some embodiments, the heights H1 and H2 are further
adjusted based on a known length of an attached stem. For example,
if target 114 detects a stem is attached, the target 114 determines
which stem is connected to it (such as by checking a resistance of
the resistor). A lookup table contained in memory of the target 114
is then used to identify the length of that stem. Alternatively,
the lookup table is stored in the scanner or on the computing
device of the cart 108. The length is then used to adjust height H1
and H2 to represent the height of a point on the frame relative to
the laser beams 103b and 103a.
[0185] As data from each of the targets 114 is returned to scanner
102, the scanner performs further processing on the data. For
example, in some embodiments scanner 102 utilizes data from targets
114 to determine three-dimensional points associated with the frame
of the vehicle. In some embodiments the points are computed in x,
y, and z coordinates. The three-dimensional points are then sent,
in some embodiments, to a computing device, such as the computing
device within cart 108. The computing device can then utilize these
points to perform various measurements between the points. The
measurements are compared to known data about the respective frame
94 to determine whether one or more points are not in their
expected locations. If so, a message can be communicated back to
the targets (such as though scanner 102) to cause targets to
display the appropriate position codes using position indicators
1212.
[0186] Additional details regarding the computation of x, y, and z
coordinates are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,181,856, issued on Feb.
27, 2007, by Hanchett et al., and titled LASER MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM.
[0187] FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view of an example bridge
106. As described in FIG. 1, bridge 106 is used in some embodiments
to support scanner 102 during operation. Bridge 106 can be arranged
on top of portions of lift system 80, and scanner 102 arranged on
top of bridge 106.
[0188] In this example, bridge 106 includes support members 2102
and 2104, and adjustable leg assemblies 2108. Support members 2102
are contoured to match the shape of recesses 252 and 254 of
profiled bottom surface 250 of scanner 102 (shown in FIG. 2). In
some embodiments support members 2102 and 2104 have substantially
smooth surfaces, such after bridge 106 has been arranged on lift
80, scanner 102 can be placed near one of adjustable leg assemblies
2108 and then slid along bridge 106 until scanner 102 is roughly at
the center of bridge 106, such as above hinges 2106.
[0189] In some embodiments, support members 2102 and 2104 are split
into a first side 2102a and 2104a and a second side 2102b and
2104b. The sides are joined by hinges 2106a and 2106b. Hinges 2106
allow support members 2102 and 2104 to fold between a fully
extended position and a folded position.
[0190] Some embodiments of bridge 106 include a height adjustment
feature provided by adjustable leg assemblies 2108. Adjustable leg
assemblies 2108 are adjustable between a lowered position (shown in
FIG. 21) and a height adjustment position. When in the lowered
position, legs 2110 and 2112 can be used to provide added support
and stability to bridge 106.
[0191] To adjust bridge 106 to the height adjustment position, a
handle 2114 is provided. A force F1 is applied by an operator to
handle 2114 to release a locking mechanism of adjustable leg
assembly 2108. Adjustable leg assembly 2108 is then free to pivot
in pivot direction P22 about pivot axis P21. Once adjustable leg
assembly 2108 reaches the vertical height adjustment position, and
the force F1 is released from handle 2114, adjustable leg assembly
2108 locks in the height adjustment position. When in this
position, bridge 106 is supported on lift 80 by legs 2110 and
2112.
[0192] If additional height adjustment is desired, a force F1 is
applied to handle 2214, which causes adjustable leg assembly 2108
to release a lock on legs 2110 and 2112. The position of legs 2110
and 2112 can then be adjusted by pivoting legs 2110 and 2112 until
bridge 106 is at the desired height.
[0193] FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view of an example upper
tram assembly 2200. In this example, upper tram assembly 2200
includes tram members 2202, 2204, and 2206, hinges 2208 and 2210,
riser stems 2212 with feet 2214, tram stems 2216 with weights 2218,
and adjustable trolleys 2220.
[0194] In some embodiments, measurement system 100 includes upper
tram assembly 2200. The upper tram assembly 2200 can be connected
to points of frame 94 or body 92 that other target assemblies 104
themselves cannot reach. For example, upper tram assembly 2200 can
be used to determine the positions of shock towers of vehicle 90.
In this example, feet 2214 are connected to tops of the vehicle's
shock towers and riser stems 2212 raise and support upper tram
members 2202, 2204, and 2206 a suitable distance above the vehicle
body.
[0195] Riser stems 2212 are connected to members 2202, 2204, or
2206 by adjustable trolleys 2220. Adjustable trolleys 2220 can be
moved along the lengths of members 2202, 2204, or 2206 by squeezing
buttons 2222 inward. When squeezed, buttons 2222 allow trolleys
2220 to be slid by an operator to the desired position. For
example, trolleys 2220 are adjusted until they are separated by
approximately the same distance as the distance between the
vehicle's shock towers.
[0196] It is typically preferred that adjustable trolleys 2220 each
be substantially an equal distance from a center point of upper
tram 2200 so that upper tram 2200 can remain balanced from one end
to the other. To assist with this, ruled markings are provided on a
top surface of members 2202, 2204, and 2206 in some embodiments.
The measurements can, for example, show the distance from the
center point, or the distance from each respective end. In some
embodiments, letters are associated with the ruled markings, such
starting with the letter A at or about the center point of member
2204 and proceeding through part or all of the alphabet as the
distance away from the center point increases in both directions.
In this way, an operator can select the letter that provides the
proper distance, such as "G" and move the adjustable trolley 2220
until it is aligned with the G marking. The operator can then move
the other adjustable trolley to the corresponding letter ("G") at
the other end of the upper tram. By moving the adjustable trolleys
2220 to the same letters, the upper tram 2200 is properly balanced.
The letter information is provided to a computing device in some
embodiments, which uses a lookup table to determine the distance
between the adjustable trolleys, which is also substantially the
same as the distance between feet 2214.
[0197] Tram stems 2216 are then provided to extend downward from
upper tram members 2202 and 2206, which are preferably positioned
beyond the sides of the vehicle frame and body. Weights 2218 are
provided to increase the stability of upper tram 2200. Weights 2218
preferably have an equal weight, so as to maintain the balance of
upper tram 2200.
[0198] In some embodiments tram stems 2216 include a stem
attachment device at lower ends, which can be similar to stem
engagement devices 808 shown in FIGS. 8-9. The stem attachment
devices are configured to receive a stem for supporting a target
114. The stem is selected to have a length suitable to position the
target 114 within the path of laser beams 103 of scanner 102. If
needed, upper stems (listed in Table 1) are used to provide greater
length.
[0199] Tram members 2202, 2204, and 2206 are connected by hinges
2208 and 2210 that allow tram members 2202, 2204, and 2206 to fold
and collapse into a more compact configuration for storage.
[0200] FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of an example cart
108. In this example, cart 108 includes a body 2302, cover 2304,
storage area 2306, retractable tray 2308, storage compartments such
as drawers 2310, 2312, and 2314, storage regions 2316 and 2318,
printer 2320, computing device 2322 with display device 2324, and
wheels 2326.
[0201] In some embodiments cart 108 is configured to store all
components of measurement system 100. The body 2302 forms the outer
structure of the cart 108, and is preferably made of a strong
material such as metal, which can be painted or anodized. In some
embodiments, body 2302 includes a hinged cover 2304 that pivots
about a hinged axis between opened and closed positions. In some
embodiments, gas springs are used to support cover 2304 in the
opened position and to prevent cover 2304 from slamming shut when
moved to the closed position.
[0202] In this example, a storage area 2306 is provided at the top
of body 2302. When cover 2304 is in the opened position, the
storage area 2306 is easily accessible by an operator. When cover
2304 is in the closed position, the storage area 2306 is enclosed
under cover 2304, which operates to keep out debris and moisture.
The storage area 2306 includes receptacles for storing most of the
components of measurement system 100, discussed herein, including
scanner 102 (front center), targets 114 (left and right of scanner
102), as well as the various different stems 112 and attachment
devices 110 (upper shelf and rear). In some embodiments, cart 108
includes charging receptacles, such as to provide power to targets
114, such as through charging contacts 1206. Electrical circuitry
for charging batteries of target 114 is contained either in target
114 or in cart 108. Cart 108 receives power from an external
source, such as by plugging in a power cord into an AC wall
receptacle. Some embodiments include a digital camera for capturing
digital images. Examples of digital images include pictures of a
damaged vehicle, pictures of the vehicle during repair (such as to
document the steps that were taken to repair the vehicle), and
pictures showing the vehicle after a repair has been completed.
[0203] Cover 2304 further supports display device 2324, which is
mounted to the inner surface. When cover 2304 is in the closed
position, cover 2304 encloses and protects display device 2324.
When cover 2304 is in the open position, display device 2324 is
held substantially vertically where it is easily visible by an
operator.
[0204] Tray 2308 provides a slide-out work surface, such as for
supporting a keyboard and a mouse. Tray 2308 has a retracted
position in which it is within storage area 2306, and an extended
position in which is out outside of storage area 2306.
[0205] Additional storage compartments are provided in some
embodiments, such as drawers 2310, 2312, and 2314. In an example
embodiment, drawer 2312 stores a printer, for printing reports
generating by computing device 2322 out onto paper. In the example
embodiment drawer 2314 stores computing device 2322. An example of
computing device 2322 is a desktop style personal computer.
[0206] In some embodiments body 2302 includes external storage
regions 2316 and 2318 for storing additional components of
measurement system 100. As one example, storage region 2316 is
configured to receive upper tram 2200, when the upper tram 2200 is
in the collapsed storage position. A fastener such as a magnet or a
belt is used to hold upper tram 2200 securely in storage region
2316. Similarly, storage region 2318 is configured to receive
bridge 106.
[0207] Wheels 2326 are provided in some embodiments to allow cart
108 to be easily moved. An example of wheel 2326 is a swivel
caster. Some embodiments include lockable wheels that can be locked
by an operator to reduce movement of cart 108 during use or
storage.
[0208] FIG. 24 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an
architecture of an example computing device 2322. In one example,
computing device 2322 is a personal computer. Other examples of
computing device 2322 include a laptop computer, a smart phone, a
personal digital assistant (PDA), or other devices capable of
processing data instructions. In some embodiments, computing device
2322 operates to execute the operating system 2418, application
programs 2420, and program modules 2422, and to store and retrieve
data from program data 2424.
[0209] Computing device 2322 includes, in some embodiments, at
least one processor 2402. A variety of processing devices are
available from a variety of manufacturers, for example, Intel or
Advanced Micro Devices. In this example, computing device 2322 also
includes system memory 2404, and system bus 2406 that couples
various system components including system memory 2404 to processor
2402. System bus 2406 is one of any number of types of bus
structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a
peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus
architectures.
[0210] System memory 2404 includes read-only memory 2408 and random
access memory 2410. Basic input/output system 2412, containing the
basic routines that act to transfer information within computing
device 2322, such as during start up, is typically stored in
read-only memory 2408.
[0211] Computing device 2322 also includes secondary storage device
2414 in some embodiments, such as a hard disk drive, for storing
digital data. Secondary storage device 2414 is connected to system
bus 2406 by secondary storage interface 2416. Secondary storage
devices 2414 and their associated computer readable media provide
nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions (including
application programs and program modules), data structures, and
other data for computing device 2322.
[0212] Although the exemplary architecture described herein employs
a hard disk drive as a secondary storage device, other types of
computer readable media are included in other embodiments. Examples
of these other types of computer readable media include magnetic
cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli
cartridges, compact disc read only memories, digital versatile disk
read only memories, random access memories, or read only
memories.
[0213] A number of program modules can be stored in secondary
storage device 2414 or system memory 2404, including operating
system 2418, one or more application programs 2420, other program
modules 2422, and program data 2424.
[0214] In some embodiments, a user provides inputs to the computing
device 2322 through one or more input devices 2430. Examples of
input devices 2430 include keyboard 2432, mouse 2434, and touch
screen 2436 (or a touch pad). Other embodiments include other input
devices 2430, such as a microphone 2438 for receiving voice
commands. Input devices 2430 are often connected to the processor
2402 through input/output interface 2440 that is coupled to system
bus 2406. These input devices 2430 can be connected by any number
of input/output interfaces, such as a parallel port, serial port,
game port, or a universal serial bus. Wireless communication
between input devices and interface 2440 is possible as well, and
includes infrared, BLUETOOTH.RTM. wireless technology,
802.11a/b/g/n wireless communication (or other wireless
communication protocols), cellular communication, or other radio
frequency communication systems in some possible embodiments.
[0215] In some embodiments, a display device 2324, such as a
monitor, liquid crystal display device, projector, or touch screen
display device 2436, is also connected to system bus 2406 via an
interface, such as video adapter 2444. In addition to display
device 2324, the computing device 2322 can include various other
peripheral devices (not shown), such as speakers or a printer
2320.
[0216] When used in a local area networking environment or a wide
area networking environment (such as the Internet), computing
device 2322 is typically connected to network 2452 through a
network interface or adapter 2450. Other possible embodiments use
other communication devices. For example, some embodiments of
computing device 2322 include a modem for communicating across
network 2452. For example, in some embodiments a network interface
or adapter 2450 permits computing device 2322 to communicate with a
remote server or other remote computing device. As an example, the
remote server includes a database that stores vehicle frame
dimensions and other vehicle data. The data can be downloaded by
computing device 2322 from the server through network adapter
2450.
[0217] Computing device 2322 typically includes at least some form
of computer-readable media. Computer readable media include any
available media that can be accessed by computing device 2322. By
way of example, computer-readable media include computer readable
storage media and communication media.
[0218] Computer readable storage media includes volatile and
nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any
device configured to store information, such as computer readable
instructions, data structures, operating systems 2418, application
programs 2420, program modules 2422, program data 2424, or other
data. System memory 2404 is an example of computer readable storage
media. Computer readable storage media includes, but is not limited
to, read-only memory 2408, random access memory 2410, electrically
erasable programmable read only memory, flash memory or other
memory technology, compact disc read only memory, digital versatile
disks or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,
magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any
other medium that can be used to store the desired information and
that can be accessed by computing device 2322.
[0219] Communication media typically embodies computer readable
instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a
modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport
mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term
"modulated data signal" refers to a signal that has one or more of
its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode
information in the signal. By way of example, communication media
includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired
connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency,
infrared, and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the
above are also included within the scope of computer readable
media.
[0220] FIGS. 25-31 are screen shots of an example application
program 2420. The application program 2420 utilizes data received
from scanner 102 and targets 114 to generate various reports, such
as in the form of user interface displays, electronic reports, or
printed reports.
[0221] Although the application program 2420 is described herein as
operating on computing device 2322, the application program 2420
can alternatively operate on another computing device. For example,
in some embodiments application program 2420 operates on a remote
server, acting as an application service provider. The computing
device 2322 interacts with the remote server, for example, using a
browser software application. The browser software application
generates user interface displays defined by data received from the
remote server according to a protocol, such as hypertext markup
language or various other protocols.
[0222] FIG. 25 is a screen shot of an example user interface 2502
of application program 2420. In this example, application program
2420 has received data from scanner 102 and targets 114 identifying
the position of various points of a vehicle frame. Application
program 2420 then processes the data to determine whether the point
locations match expected point locations.
[0223] Expected point locations are extracted from a database of
vehicle-specific data. The database contains a large amount of
information regarding expected point locations and distances
between point locations for a specific vehicle. An example of a
database of vehicle-specific data is the Mitchell Information
Center, and more specifically the Vehicle Dimensions Module
distributed by Mitchell International, Inc. headquartered in San
Diego, Calif. In another possible embodiment, the data is stored on
a server, and is available to computing devices as needed. In
another possible embodiment, the data is stored in a computing
device, such as the computing device in cart 108.
[0224] In order to retrieve the appropriate vehicle data from the
database, application program 2420 first needs to know what vehicle
is currently being examined. In one embodiment, application program
2420 prompts the operator to enter the vehicles make, model, and
year. In another embodiment, application program 2420 prompts the
user to scan a barcode associated with the vehicle's vehicle
identification number (VIN). Once the VIN is known, the make,
model, and year are retrieved from a lookup table or database.
[0225] Data for the vehicle being examined is then retrieved from
the database of vehicle-specific data. The data is then compared
with data received from scanner 102 and targets 114 representing
actual locations of frame points on the vehicle being examined. For
example, distances between points are compared with expected
distances between points. The application program 2420 then
determines whether some or all of the point locations are not
properly positioned. This indicates, for example, that the frame
has become bent at that location, such as due to a collision. In
some embodiments, the application program 2420 operates to check
the vehicle frame for various types of damage, such as one or more
of sway damage, banana damage, twist damage, diamond damage, mash
damage, kick up or kick down damage, and other types of damage.
[0226] In some embodiments, the results are graphically displayed
in user interface 2502. Graphical elements 2504 are used, in some
embodiments to graphically illustrate the direction that a portion
of a frame needs to be bent in order to return the frame portion to
the proper location. In this example, graphical elements 2504 are
vector arrows. The arrows point in the direction in which the frame
portion needs to be bent, and the length of the arrow represents
the degree of bending that is required. A longer arrow, for
example, indicates that a larger degree of bending is needed than a
shorter arrow.
[0227] Color coding of frame portions is used in some embodiments
of user interface 2502. As one example, frame portions that are
properly positioned are displayed in a first color, such as white
or gray. Frame portions that are slightly mis-positioned are
displayed in a second color, such as yellow. Frame portions that
are the greatly misaligned are displayed in a third color, such as
red. More, fewer, or additional color codes are used in other
possible embodiments.
[0228] In some embodiments, application program 2420 utilizes data
regarding frame materials and/or material properties. This data is
then used by application program 2420 to provide additional
information to the operator, such as through user interface 2502.
For example, some embodiments include color coding based on
materials or material properties. An example of a material property
is the tensile strength or yield strength of the material. Some
vehicle frames now include frame components that are made of high
tensile materials, such as aluminum. These materials may become
permanently damaged if sufficient force is applied to them, and it
may be preferred that such frame components be replaced rather than
repaired. In some embodiments a finite element analysis is
performed by application program 2420 to determine whether a yield
strength of the material is likely to have been exceeded. Color
coding of such materials in user interface 2502 aids the operator
in knowing whether or not to try to repair a damaged frame
component or to replace it instead. Color coding can additionally
or alternatively be provided to indicate portions in which the
yield strength has been exceeded. An alert or warning message may
also be displayed to the operator in some embodiments to provide
this or additional information.
[0229] In some embodiments user interface 2502 includes a graphical
representation of the frame. Some embodiments display a
three-dimensional graphical representation of the frame. The
three-dimensional graphical representation can be rotated using a
mouse or other input device to provide inputs into user interface
2502.
[0230] In some embodiments the graphical representation of the
vehicle frame is a graphical representation of the expected shape
of the frame. In other embodiments, however, the graphical
representation shows a live three-dimensional representation of the
frame of the vehicle currently being examined. In this example, if
a portion of the vehicle frame is bent, the three-dimensional
representation graphically illustrates that portion as being bent
by the amount measured by the measurement system 100. If the frame
is being repaired, user interface 2502 automatically updates the
display to show the new position of the portion of the frame as it
is bent back to the proper position.
[0231] FIG. 26 is a screen shot of an example user interface 2602
of application program 2420. User interface 2602 includes a
dimensions tab that is selected. User interface 2602 provides
graphical representations of portions of the vehicle and provides
dimensional data showing distances between selected points of the
portions of the vehicle. In some embodiments portions of the
vehicle include the attachment points (to which target assemblies
104 can be connected), under body, or upper body.
[0232] FIG. 27 is a screen shot of an example user interface 2702
of application program 2420. User interface 2702 includes a report
tab that is selected. The report tab is selected by the operator
when the operator wants to generate a report. An example of a
report is a vehicle damage report that identifies what damage was
found by measurement system 100. In some embodiments, the report
includes pictures of the vehicle showing the damage, and if
desired, can also include pictures of the vehicle during or after
the repair. In some embodiments the vehicle damage report also
identifies what repairs are required or recommended, and an
estimate of the costs associated with the repairs. The report can
be saved, printed, or e-mailed. As discussed in more detail herein,
the reports can be printed and given directly (or mailed) to the
owner or an insurance adjuster, or can be stored in electronic
format and sent electronically, such as via an e-mail message.
[0233] FIG. 28 is a screen shot of an example user interface 2802
of application program 2420. User interface 2802 includes an
estimate tab that is selected. User interface 2802 assists an
operator in generating an estimate for a repair. In some
embodiments application program 2420 automatically populates fields
with data based on the damage that was detected by the measurement
system 100. The operator can then review the suggestions and make
any desired changes, before finalizing the estimate.
[0234] FIG. 29 is a screen shot of an example user interface 2902
of application program 2420. User interface 2902 includes a
measurement tab 2904 that is selected. User interface 2902
graphically illustrates point data, such as expected point
locations and/or actual point locations measured on the vehicle.
User interface 2902 can display additional information, such as
recommended repairs (such as a recommended direction for bending)
or a summary of the damage that has been detected. Color coding is
used in some embodiments to show a degree of damage for a given
point.
[0235] FIG. 30 is a screen shot of an example user interface 3002
of application program 2420. User interface 3002 includes a setup
tab 3004 that is selected. User interface 3002 is used, for
example, to assist an operator in setting up measurement system
100, such as by displaying a plurality of different points to which
target assemblies 104 can be connected. The user interface 3002
shows what target assemblies 104 are currently connected to the
frame and active, what stems are currently being used, and the
positions of each of the target assemblies. If a target assembly
104 has not yet been installed, user interface 3002 suggests the
stem length that should be appropriate for a given point (by
identifying the color of the stem, for example), and assists the
operator in identifying the correct point, such as by providing a
photograph that shows what the point looks like on an actual
vehicle.
[0236] FIG. 31 is a screen shot of an example user interface 3102
of application program 2420. User interface 3102 includes an order
tab 3104 that is selected. User interface 3102 is used, for
example, to setup a repair order. The user interface 3102 prompts
the user to enter various information, such as accident data,
technician information, customer information, vehicle information,
insurance company information, any special instructions or notes,
and photographs (such as illustrating damage that was
detected).
[0237] FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example
communication network 3200 associated with measurement system 100.
In this example, communication network 3200 includes test site
3202, insurance company 3204, remote assistance 3206, and vehicle
owner 3208.
[0238] Test site 3202 is the location at which an inspection of
vehicle 90 is performed by measurement system 100. As discussed
herein, some embodiments of measurement system 100 include a
computing device 2322. Computing device 2322 is configured to
communicate digital data across network 2452, such as the Internet
or other wired or wireless data communication network. In some
embodiments computing device 2322 operates to communicate data to
one or more of insurance company 3204, remote assistance 3206, and
vehicle owner 3208.
[0239] Insurance company 3204 is an example of a third-party that
can communicate with measurement system 100. For example, in some
embodiments measurement system 100 generates a report following the
inspection of vehicle 90 and sends the report to the insurance
company 3204. An electronic report can be sent, for example, as an
attachment to an e-mail message, through a web site, or through a
custom software interface. Insurance company 3204 includes a
computing device 3210 that receives the message from computing
device 2322. A user U2, such as an employee of the insurance
company, reviews the report and determines whether or not the
insurance company will pay for a repair of the vehicle. A message
is then sent from computing device 3210 to computing device 2322
authorizing or denying the repair request. This process could be
completed within a short period of time, such as within minutes or
several hours, allowing the repair to begin shortly after the
damage has been detected or confirmed.
[0240] In addition or alternatively, an electronic report generated
by measurement system 100 can be communicated in a message by
computing device 2322 to the vehicle owner 3208. For example, user
U4, who owns the vehicle, can receive the report via computing
device 3212.
[0241] Some embodiments of measurement system 100 further include a
remote assistance feature. In this example, a technician U3 located
at a remote assistance site can assist operator U1 in diagnosing
problems encountered during the use of measurement system 100. In
another possible embodiment, remote assistance 3206 automatically
provides and installs software updates to computing device 2322 or
measurement system 100.
[0242] FIGS. 33-44 are screen shots of another an example
application program 2420, shown in FIG. 24.
[0243] In some embodiments, application program 2420 is stored and
operates on a computing device located in a body shop or other
repair facility. In other embodiments, application program 2420 is
stored and operates on a web server. A computing device located in
a body shop or other repair facility accesses the web server across
a communication network, such as the Internet, retrieves data from
the web server, and generates a user interface based on the data.
In some embodiments a browser software application operating on the
computing device generates the user interface. Data is communicated
using a standard network data communication protocol, in some
embodiments, such as hypertext markup language. Other embodiments
utilize other data communication protocols.
[0244] FIG. 33 is a screen shot of an example user interface 3300.
In this example, user interface 3300 includes menu bar 3302,
current order window 3304, toolbar 3306, and main window 3308. An
example toolbar 3306 includes a plurality of selectable controls,
such as shop order control 3310, customer control 3312, insurance
control 3314, vehicle control 3316, setup control 3318, measure
control 3320, dimensions control 3322, estimate control 3324,
reports control 3326, photos control 3328, print control 3330, and
exit control 3332.
[0245] In some embodiments, user interface 3300 is displayed on a
display device when the software application is first executed by a
computing device. The user interface provides selectable controls
to access a variety of tools. For example, a menu bar 3302 provides
a plurality of drop down menus where tools can be selected. In this
example, the menu bar 3302 includes a file menu, an edit menu, a
view menu, a tools menu, an options menu, a diagnostics menu, and a
help menu. The file menu provides tools for file management, such
as to open, save, or print files. The edit menu provides edit
tools, such as to cut, copy, paste, and undo tools. The view menu
provides tools to adjust or change views of the user interface,
such as to zoom in or out, change to full screen mode, and show or
hide features of user interface 3300. The options menu provides
tools to change user-configurable options, such as whether to use
English or metric units, change color schemes, and select the model
of laser measurement device to be used. The diagnostics menu
provides tools to perform diagnostics on the system. Help menu
provides tools to access help files, request remote assistance, and
display information about the version of the software application
that is currently running.
[0246] Current order window 3304 is provided in user interface 3300
to display information about a current shop order that is being
worked on. It is blank in FIG. 33 because no shop order is
currently selected.
[0247] Toolbar 3306 provides a plurality of selectable controls
where additional tools can be selected. Tools in toolbar 3306 are
arranged in this example in the order, from left to right, that
they are commonly used. However, the tools can be used in any
desired order. Tools provided by controls 3310, 3312, 3314, 3316,
3318, 3320, 3322, 3324, 3326, and 3328 are described in more detail
herein. Print control 3330 is selected to print information
displayed in user interface. In another possible embodiment, print
tool 3330 is provided to print a report, as discussed below. When
use of the software application is completed, the user can select
exit control 3332 to close and exit the software application.
[0248] Main window 3308 provides a workspace for the various tools
of the software application, as described in more detail
herein.
[0249] FIG. 34 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example shop order window 3400.
[0250] To begin a new shop order, the user selects shop order
control 3310. Upon selection, user interface 3300 displays shop
order window 3400. The shop order window includes fields where
information about the shop order can be entered, stored, and
displayed, and also includes a plurality of selectable controls,
such as including an update control 3402, suspend control 3404,
open control 3406, and cancel control 3408.
[0251] In this example, the shop order information includes a work
number, a hat number, a job entered date, a job completed date, a
frame technician, a detail technician, a customer name, insurance
company, insurance policy number, a vehicle identification number,
a license plate number, a license state, an odometer reading, and a
vehicle color. Other embodiments include more or fewer data fields.
The work number is a unique number that the repair shop uses to
identify the project. The hat number is a number placed on or in
the vehicle to identify the vehicle.
[0252] After the information has been entered, the user selects
open control 3406 to open the new shop order. At this time, current
order window 3304 is updated with the information about the shop
order, such as the work order number, make and model of the
vehicle, and name of the customer.
[0253] Update control 3402 is provided to save information entered
into shop order window 3400 without opening a new shop order.
Suspend control 3404 is provided to temporarily or permanently
close a shop order, such as after a repair has been completed, or
to temporarily remove the shop order from the pending orders list
while waiting for a part to arrive. Cancel control 3408 is used to
discard changes made in shop order window 3400 and close the
window.
[0254] Some embodiments also include an add photos control 3410,
which can be selected to add photos to a shop order. Upon
selection, an add photos window is displayed that allows a user to
select photos to add to the shop order, such as by browsing through
a set of available photographs, or by selecting the location of the
file from a hard drive or network drive.
[0255] FIG. 35 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example customer window 3500.
[0256] The customer window 3500 is displayed in main window 3308,
for example, after the user has selected customer control 3312. The
customer window 3500 includes a plurality of customer data fields
where information about the customer can be entered, stored, and
subsequently displayed. The customer window 3500 also includes a
plurality of selectable controls, such as including a send e-mail
control 3502, add to shop order control 3504, OK control 3506, and
cancel control 3508.
[0257] Customer window 3500 is used to store and display
information about the customer whose vehicle is being evaluated or
repaired. A variety of information fields can be provided, such as
first and last name, a name to be displayed, a company name, an
address, a telephone number (or multiple telephone numbers), a fax
number, and an e-mail address. More or less information can be
stored in the customer window, as desired. For example, some
embodiments include a notes field for receiving additional notes
about the customer or customer's preferences (such as the
customer's preferred method of being contacted).
[0258] After the customer's information has been entered, the OK
button is selected to save the information and close the customer
window 3500. The customer's information can later be accessed by
again selecting customer control 3312, in which case the customer
window 3500 is displayed containing the previously entered and
saved customer information. In some embodiments, a list of
customers is first displayed and the user is prompted to select the
desired customer. In another embodiment, a search window is
displayed to permit the user to search for a desired customer, such
as by requesting part or all of the customer's name as a search
query, and then performing a search through the customer list for
any customers that match the search query. Upon selection of the
customer, the customer window 3500 is displayed.
[0259] Customer window 3500 includes, in some embodiments, a send
e-mail control 3502. The send e-mail control allows the user to
quickly initiate an e-mail to the customer. For example, upon
selection of send e-mail control, an e-mail program is called, such
as Microsoft.RTM. Outlook.RTM., and a new e-mail template is
opened. The addressee is automatically addressed to the customer
based on the e-mail entered into the customer's e-mail address
field of customer window 3500. The text of the e-mail is then be
entered by the user and sent. If desired, an attachment can be
included with the e-mail, such as a copy of a report generated by
the software application (such as discussed in more detail herein),
an image of the vehicle, or other attachments.
[0260] An add to shop order control 3504 is included, in some
embodiments, to associate the customer with a shop order. In some
embodiments, the customer data is associated with the currently
active shop order, upon selection of the add to shop order control
3504. In another embodiment, a list of active shop orders is
displayed and the user is prompted to select the appropriate shop
order.
[0261] When the customer window 3500 is displayed, the cancel
control 3508 can be selected. Upon selection, the customer window
3500 is closed and any changes that have been made to the customer
information, if any, are discarded and not saved.
[0262] FIG. 36 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example insurance company selection menu 3600.
[0263] Insurance companies are often involved in the repair of
vehicles. As a result, user interface 3300 includes an insurance
company selection menu 3600 that is displayed upon selection of the
insurance company control 3314. In this example, insurance company
selection menu 3600 includes a none option 3602, add new option
3604, and a plurality of insurance company selection controls 3606,
3608, 3610, etc.
[0264] If the customer does not have insurance on the vehicle, or
prefers not to involve the insurance company in the evaluation or
repair, the none option 3602 can be selected to indicate that an
insurance company will not be involved.
[0265] If the customer's insurance company is not already included
in insurance company selection menu 3600, add new option 3604 can
be selected. Upon selection, an insurance company information
window is displayed that includes a plurality of fields for
entering the insurance company's information, such as the name of
the company, address, telephone number, e-mail address, and web
site for the company. In some embodiments, data fields are also
provided for receiving information about the insurance agent, such
as the agent's name, contact information, etc. In some embodiments,
a send e-mail control is provided in the insurance company
information window, which operates similar to the send e-mail
control 3502 described with reference to FIG. 35. The e-mail can be
used to communicate with the insurance company or agent, such as to
request authorization to proceed with a repair.
[0266] Insurance company menu 3600 maintains a list of commonly
used insurance companies, such as insurance company 1 (control
3606), insurance company 2 (control 3608), and insurance company 3
(control 3610). If the customer's vehicle is insured by one of the
listed insurance companies, the control (3606, 3608, 3610)
associated with that insurance company is selected from the list.
In some embodiments, upon selection of the insurance company, an
insurance details window is displayed to obtain additional
information about the insurance, such as a policy number, claim
number, agent, agent contact information, etc. Once all of the
insurance company information has been entered, the information is
saved.
[0267] FIG. 37 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example vehicle menu 3700.
[0268] Vehicle menu 3700 is displayed upon selection of the vehicle
control 3316. The vehicle menu 3700 prompts the user to identify
the particular vehicle that is to be evaluated or repaired. In this
example, vehicle menu 3700 begins by prompting the user to select
the vehicle manufacturer's name. Vehicle menu 3700 includes custom
option 3702 that can be selected if the vehicle is a custom made
vehicle, or a vehicle manufactured by a manufacturer that is not
included in vehicle menu 3700. Otherwise, the manufacturer is
selected from the list, such as manufacturer 1 (option 3704),
manufacturer 2 (option 3706), manufacturer 3 (option 3708),
etc.
[0269] After selection of the manufacturer, additional information
about the vehicle is requested by additional menus or prompts. For
example, the list of models manufactured by the selected
manufacturer are displayed. The user selects the model from the
list. In some embodiments, a list of model years is displayed, and
the user is prompted to select the model year. In some embodiments,
a list of styles of the selected model are displayed, and the user
is prompted to select a particular style (e.g., number of doors,
two or four wheel drive, sport or touring, etc.). After the vehicle
has been identified, the vehicle information is saved.
[0270] FIG. 38 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example setup window 3802. The setup window 3802
graphically depicts the setup of portions of the laser measurement
system in user interface 3300, and assists the operator in properly
setting up or troubleshooting the system. In this example, setup
window 3802 graphically depicts vehicle points 3804, a currently
selected vehicle point 3806, targets 3810, target storage region
3812, point properties window 3814, parts in/out control 3816, and
damage assumption control 3818.
[0271] In some embodiments, the software application accesses a
vehicle-specific data file, such as obtained from a database of
vehicle-specific data as discussed herein. The vehicle data file
provides information about various points of the vehicle that can
be used for measurement. In this example, at least some of these
vehicle points are displayed in setup window 3802 as vehicle points
3804. In this example, setup window 3802 illustrates the vehicle
points from a top view. Other views are provided in other
embodiments, such as bottom or side views. Other details of a
vehicle are shown in some embodiments, such as an outline of the
vehicle, or outline of vehicle parts, etc.
[0272] Before targets have been connected to the vehicle points, a
target storage region 3812 includes graphical representations of
targets. When a target is displayed within target storage region
3812, it indicates that the respective target is currently not
connected to the vehicle, or that a laser beam has not yet been
detected by the target. In another possible embodiment, the
depiction of a target within target storage region 3812 indicates
that the target is currently stored within cart 108.
[0273] After a target is removed from cart 108 and the target is
properly connected to the vehicle frame, setup window 3802 updates
to graphically depict the location of the target 3810. The location
of the target assembly is determined as discussed herein, which
permits the software application to determine which vehicle point
3804 the target is connected to. The target 3810 is then depicted
as being connected to that vehicle point 3804. When no targets 3810
are depicted in target storage region 3812, as shown in FIG. 38, it
indicates that all of the targets are currently in use.
[0274] In another possible embodiment, target locations can be
manually entered by selecting a target 3810 and identifying a
vehicle point 3804 where the target has been connected, such as by
clicking on the vehicle point 3804, or by typing in an identifier
of the target and/or vehicle point. For example, in this example
each target is identified with an ID number from 1 to 12.
[0275] When a vehicle point 3804 is selected, such as selected
vehicle point 3806, additional information about that point is
displayed. In this example, a graphical depiction 3813 of the
vehicle point is illustrated in setup window 3802. In some
embodiments, the graphical depiction 3813 is a photograph of a
portion of the same make and model of vehicle showing the location
of the selected point on an actual vehicle. An arrow or other
graphical element can be used to specifically identify the
location, in some embodiments. Examples of vehicle points include
bolts, holes, or other parts or features of the vehicle that are
originally positioned at known locations.
[0276] Some embodiments include a point properties window that
provides additional information about a selected point 3806. In
this example, the point properties window includes an identifier
(e.g., JR), number of a target currently connected to the point
(none, in this example), the position of the point (e.g., height,
width, and length), a recommended stem size, a recommended adapter
type and size, a parts in/out control, and a damage assumption
control 3818.
[0277] The damage assumption control 3818 can be selected to
identify whether a part should be assumed to be damaged or not
damaged. It is helpful for the system to know if there are parts of
the vehicle frame that do not appear to be damaged. These parts
can, for example, be initially used as the reference locations for
measurements to other locations. However, even if a part is
initially assumed to be undamaged, calculations can be made in some
embodiments to confirm whether any damage has been sustained to
these locations, if desired.
[0278] FIG. 39 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example measurement window 3902.
[0279] Measurement window 3902 is displayed, for example the
measure control 3320 has been selected from toolbar 3306. In some
embodiments, the measurement window 3902 includes several views,
which can be selected using 3D view control 3920, plan view control
3922, and side view control 3924. FIG. 39 depicts the 3D view
associated with 3D view control 3920. Additional views are shown in
FIGS. 40 and 41.
[0280] When in the 3D view, the measurement window 3902 depicts a
graphical representation 3904 of the vehicle, or a portion of the
vehicle. In this example, the vehicle's frame is shown. When in the
3D view, inputs can be provided into the measurement window 3902 to
manipulate the graphical representation 3904, such as to rotate,
pan, and zoom the graphical representation to the desired position.
For example, the graphical representation can be rotated to a top
view, a side view, a bottom view, or any desired perspective view.
Inputs include, for example, input from a mouse, keyboard, or other
input device. As one example, clicking within measurement window
3902 and then moving the mouse right or left causes the graphical
representation 3904 to rotate about a vertical axis parallel to the
display. Up or down movement causes the graphical representation
3904 to rotate about a horizontal axis parallel to the display.
Zooming in or out is accomplished using a scroll wheel, such as by
holding down a function key (e.g., CTRL) while rotating the scroll
wheel. Other inputs can be used in other embodiments to control the
display of graphical representation 3904 in measurement window
3902.
[0281] In some embodiments, the graphical representation 3904 of
the vehicle frame is a graphical representation 3904 of a frame (or
other portion of a vehicle) according to the manufacturer's
original specifications, such as shown in FIG. 39.
[0282] In another possible embodiment, the graphical representation
3904 depicts the actual measured positions of the vehicle points
including any detected damage. To do so, the system determines the
actual locations of vehicle points and compares these locations to
the manufacturer's original specifications. Those points that are
not located at or within a determined range of tolerances from the
original specifications are determined to be damaged. Accordingly,
the graphical representation 3904 is adjusted from the original
specification to actual location. The portions of the frame between
the point and adjacent points are graphically depicted as being
bent or otherwise displaced in some embodiments.
[0283] In the example shown in FIG. 39, the portion of the vehicle
is depicted according to the manufacturer's original
specifications. The actual locations of frame points are depicted
with graphical elements 3906. If an actual location of a vehicle
point is different from the original location of the point, the
graphical element 3906 is graphically depicted as being spaced from
the associated vehicle point. This shows the operator that the
vehicle is damaged at that point, and illustrates the extent of the
damage.
[0284] Some embodiments include an error indicator 3908. The error
indicator is a graphical element that graphically depicts a vector
showing both the extent of the damage (i.e., the relative amount of
displacement) as well as the direction of the displacement. In one
example embodiment, the error indicator points in the direction
that the damaged point is from the original point. In another
possible embodiment, indicator 3908 is a correction indicator that
points in the opposite direction, to depict the direction that the
point would need to be moved in order to correct the damage. If the
measured vehicle points are within the tolerance of the original
points, no error indicator 3908 is displayed.
[0285] Some embodiments graphically illustrate the extent of damage
directly on the frame (or other portion of a vehicle) itself. For
example, damage indicator 3908 indicates that the associated
portion of the vehicle frame has been bent downward. That portion
of the frame is graphically depicted with a color, such as red,
which indicates that the portion is highly displaced from the
original location. A portion that has only a moderate displacement
from the original location is displayed in another color, such as
yellow, in some embodiments. Portions of the frame that are not
damaged, are displayed in a different color, such as green. More or
fewer colors are used in other embodiments.
[0286] For example, in some embodiments a color (e.g., orange) is
used to display a portion of a frame has been so damaged that it
should not be repaired, but instead requires replacement. In some
embodiments, the color used is a function of the type of material
that the portion of the vehicle is made out of. In some
embodiments, the color is a function of yield strength of the
material for that portion of the vehicle. For example, a high
tensile strength material, such as aluminum, may be permanently
damaged with a small displacement. The portion of the vehicle can
therefore be displayed with a color, such as orange, to indicate
that the portion of the vehicle has exceeded the yield strength and
should be replaced rather than being repaired.
[0287] Various additional tools are provided in some embodiments,
such as the exemplary tools that are accessible through controls
3926, 3928, and 3930. Control 3926 is provided to adjust the
scaling of the error indicator 3908. For example, in FIG. 39 the
error vectors 3908 are depicted at thirty times the actual
displacement. The scale can be increased or decreased through
control 3926.
[0288] Tolerance control 3928 is provided to set or adjust vehicle
point tolerances. The tolerances, as discussed above, are used to
determine whether a difference between a measured actual vehicle
point and a manufacturer's original point location amounts to
damage. In some embodiments, the default tolerance value is 3 mm.
Other tolerances are used in other embodiments. In some embodiments
the original tolerance is received from the manufacturer's
vehicle-specific data file.
[0289] Snapshot control 3930 is provided to capture a screen shot
of measurement window 3902. Upon selection of snapshot control
3930, a digital image of measurement window 3902 is saved for later
use. For example, the digital image is stored in the photos section
(associated with photos control 3328), and can be later inserted
into a report or saved in the repair file.
[0290] In some embodiments, the data depicted in measurement window
3900 is real-time, such that measurement window 3900 is updated
shortly after data is received from components of the laser
measurement system. For example, the measurement window 3900 is
displayed while the scanner is scanning the targets. Upon detection
of the laser, the target sends information to the scanner, which
then relays the information back to the computing device. The
computing device processes the data, and displays the information
in measurement window 3902 (or one of the other windows described
herein, such as the plan view measurement window 4000 or side view
measurement window 4100, shown in FIGS. 41 and 42). If a target is
moved, such as by bending the corresponding portion of the
vehicle's frame, the data is updated shortly thereafter to depict
the newly detected position. As a result, the measurement windows
can be used to assist a technician in adjusting the vehicle portion
back to the original position by providing real-time feedback to
the technician as the adjustment is taking place.
[0291] FIG. 40 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example plan view measurement window 4000. The plan
view measurement window 4000 provides an alternative view to the 3D
measurement window 3902, shown in FIG. 39. The plan view
measurement window 4000 is displayed, for example, upon selection
of plan view control 3922.
[0292] In this example, plan view measurement window 4000 provides
a graphical representation of the vehicle from a top (or bottom)
view. More specifically, the window illustrates a plurality of
vehicle points, including vehicle points 4002 where a target
assembly is currently attached. A two-dimensional error indicator
4004 is displayed, in some embodiments, to visually indicate the
extend of damage and the direction of the damage. Alternatively,
the error indicator 4108 points in a correction direction--the
direction that the point needs to move in order to correct the
error.
[0293] In some embodiments, additional information about the
measured error is displayed, such as with an error flag 4006. The
error flag 4006 includes a window that displays the error
measurements. In this example, the error measurements are displayed
in all three directions, including a height error 4008 (49), a
width error 4010 (8), and a length error 4012 (6). In some
embodiments, the error is displayed in units of millimeters, but
other units are used in other embodiments. If desired, the
direction of the error can also be indicated, such as using a
direction code (e.g., up/down, left/right, front/rear).
[0294] In some embodiments, error displays 4008, 4010, and 4012 are
color coded to indicate the amount of damage in the respective
direction for that vehicle point. The color code can be, for
example, a background color, a font color, a border color, a color
of an adjacent graphical element, or a color of the vehicle point
in plan view measurement window 4000. In some embodiments, the
color codes displayed in the error flag 4006 are the same as the
color codes displayed on the target itself (e.g., with position
indicators 1230, 1232, and 1234 shown in FIG. 12). In some
embodiments, the colors indicate whether the associated vehicle
point is damaged, and the extent of the damage.
[0295] FIG. 41 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example side view measurement window 4100. The side
view measurement window 4100 provides another alternative view to
the 3D measurement window 3902 (FIG. 39), and the plan view
measurement window 4000 (FIG. 40). The side view measurement window
4100 is displayed, for example, upon selection of side view control
3924.
[0296] In this example, side view measurement window 4100 includes
a right side view 4102 and a left side view 4104. In some
embodiments, both views illustrate the front of the car at the left
of the display, and the rear of the car at the right of the
display.
[0297] The side view measurement window 4100 is similar to the plan
view measurement window 4000 (FIG. 40), but permits the user to
more easily visualize height dimensions. The side view measurement
window 4100 includes a plurality of vehicle points. Point 4106 is a
vehicle point that is currently attached to a target. A
two-dimensional error indictor 4108 is displayed to show the extent
of the error, and the direction of the damage. Alternatively, the
error indicator 4108 points in a correction direction--the
direction that the point needs to move in order to correct the
error.
[0298] The error flags shown in FIG. 40 are also be displayed in
the side view measurement window 4100, in some embodiments.
[0299] FIG. 42 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example vehicle dimensions window 4200. The vehicle
information window is displayed, for example, upon selection of
dimensions control 3322.
[0300] Vehicle dimensions window 4200 displays data regarding the
particular vehicle that was selected through the vehicle selection
process, such as described with reference to FIG. 37. In some
embodiments, a vehicle-specific data file (or set of files) is
obtained from a database of vehicle-specific data.
[0301] Vehicle-specification data is displayed in vehicle
dimensions window 4200. In some embodiments, the vehicle specific
data includes graphical representations of portions of the vehicle.
In some embodiments, the representations of portions of the vehicle
also illustrate and specify dimensions of various parts of the
vehicle, such as the engine compartment, the windshield, the front
door, the rear door, the inside passenger compartment, the deck
lid, the frame, etc. Some graphical representations illustrate
specific points of the vehicle that are used as endpoints for
certain dimensions.
[0302] FIG. 43 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example estimate window 4300. The estimate window 4300
is displayed, for example, upon selection of the estimate control
3324.
[0303] In some embodiments, the estimate window 4300 provides a
user interface for generating a list of necessary repairs and an
estimate of the cost for the repair shop to complete the
repair.
[0304] As one example embodiment, the estimate window 4300 includes
a spreadsheet template including a plurality of columns and rows.
Each row is used to identify one step or repair that needs to be
performed. A plurality of columns is included where additional
information about the repair can be documented. In this example,
the columns include a process column 4302, location column 4304,
damage type column 4306, point column 4308, repair direction column
4310, damage extent column 4312, time estimate column 4314, hourly
rate column 4316, and cost column 4318.
[0305] For each repair to be performed, the information about that
step is entered in the respective columns. In some embodiments,
certain cells include a drop down menu which, when selected,
presents the user with a set of common entries to select from.
[0306] The process column 4302 is provided to describe the repair
that needs to be performed. In some embodiments, the process column
includes, for example, a drop down menu that includes setup and
measure, straighten and align, repair damage to, and other common
repair processes.
[0307] The location column 4304 identifies a general location on
the vehicle where the repair is needed. In some embodiments,
location column 4304 includes a drop down menu that includes, for
example, A pillar, B pillar, rear, front, rear uni body, etc.
[0308] The damage type column 4306 identifies a type of damage that
has occurred. In some embodiments, the damage type column 4306
includes a drop down menu including, for example, mash, banana,
diamond, side sway, sag, widening, etc.
[0309] The point column 4308 identifies a particular point where
damage was located. In this example, points are identified by
unique codes associated with the points. A drop down menu is
provided, in some embodiments, which lists the points for the
vehicle.
[0310] The damage extent column 4312 is provided to identify the
extent of the damage. In some embodiments, the extent is the
distance between the actual measured location of the vehicle point
and the original location of the point. In this example, the extent
is measured in millimeters. In some embodiments a color, such as a
background color, in the cell is color coded to visually indicate
how much damage was measured. For example, green indicates a small
adjustment is needed, yellow indicates a moderate adjustment, and
red indicates a large adjustment. Other embodiments utilize other
color coding schemes.
[0311] The time estimate column 4314, hourly rate column 4316, and
cost column 4318 identify the amount of time that the repair is
estimated to take, the hourly rate for the repair, and the
resulting cost for the repair.
[0312] In some embodiments, the estimate is manually completed by
an operator. In another embodiment, a preliminary estimate is
automatically generated. To do so, damaged parts of the vehicle are
determined by identifying points that are not located within the
defined tolerances of the original point locations. Those points
are then listed in the estimate, along with the extent of the
damage to be repaired for each point, and a description of the
action needed to return the point to the original location.
Standard costs are input according to a price list for each action.
The preliminary estimate is then reviewed by the technician, or
other user, to confirm its accuracy and completeness, and any
necessary adjustments are made.
[0313] In another possible embodiment, the repair is manually
entered, but the damage extent column is automatically generated
upon selection of the get measured data control 4328.
[0314] Once the estimate has been completed, the total hours
required to complete the repair is listed in total time field 4320,
which is a sum of the time estimates in column 4314. Similarly, the
total estimated cost is displayed in total cost field 4322.
[0315] Additional tools are provided by controls 4324, 4326, 4328,
4330, and 4334. Control 4324 is provided to erase the estimate,
such as to start over. Print control 4326 is provided to print the
estimate either to a printer or to a file. Get measured damage
control 4328 automatically populates the estimate with the damage
measurements for each point. Save control 4330 saves the estimate
in memory. Cancel control 4332 closes estimate window 4300.
[0316] FIG. 44 is a screen shot of the user interface 3300
including an example report window 4400. The report window 4400 is
displayed, for example, upon selection of the reports control
3326.
[0317] In some embodiments, report window 4400 generates a report
summarizing damage identified, repairs to be performed, estimated
costs, or other information. In this example, report window 4400
includes a report editor including a toolbar 4402, header
information 4404, and content such as estimate display 4406, and
plan view measurement display 4408.
[0318] The toolbar 4402 includes a variety of tools useful in
preparing the report, such as font tools, text alignment tools, and
other editing tools.
[0319] Header information 4404 includes, for example, the name and
address of the repair shop, the name and contact information for
the vehicle owner, vehicle information, or any other desired
information.
[0320] Content is then included in the report, as desired. The
content can include, for example, the estimate display 4406
generated in estimate window 4300 (FIG. 43), plan view measurement
display 4408, or any other displays or information discussed
herein. Some embodiments include standard templates, available
through tab 4412, that provide pre-formatted report templates.
Estimate tab 4414 displays the estimate generated in estimate
window 4300 (FIG. 43) and includes an insert control 4420 to insert
the estimate as estimate display 4406. To return to estimate window
4300, the edit estimate control 4422 is provided.
[0321] Photos tab 4416 is provided to review photographs that are
associated with the current shop order. Upon selection of photos
tab 4416, thumbnail images are displayed to the user. An insert
control is provided to insert photos into the report. Similarly, a
snapshots tab 4418 is provided to permit review and entry of
snapshots into the report.
[0322] Save report control 4424 is included in some embodiments.
Upon selection, the report is saved in its current form.
[0323] E-mail control 4426 is included in some embodiments. Upon
selection, an e-mail window is opened. If the send to customer
control 4428 is selected, the e-mail is automatically addressed to
the customer's e-mail address. If the send to insurance agent
control 4430 is selected, the e-mail is automatically addressed to
the insurance agent's address. The report is included with the
e-mail, such as in the body of the message, or as an attachment.
For example, the report is saved as a PDF file (or other file
format), and then attached to the message. If desired, the operator
can add a personal message to the recipient prior to sending the
message.
[0324] The various embodiments described above are provided by way
of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the
claims attached hereto. Those skilled in the art will readily
recognize various modifications and changes that may be made
without following the example embodiments and applications
illustrated and described herein, and without departing from the
true spirit and scope of the following claims.
* * * * *