U.S. patent application number 14/761374 was filed with the patent office on 2016-01-14 for unit for dry cleaning textile articles using a composite solvent and for recycling the used composite solvent for re-use.
This patent application is currently assigned to ARCANE INDUSTRIES. The applicant listed for this patent is ARCANE INDUSTRIES. Invention is credited to Alfred TESTA, Jean-Philippe TESTA.
Application Number | 20160010269 14/761374 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48170684 |
Filed Date | 2016-01-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160010269 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
TESTA; Alfred ; et
al. |
January 14, 2016 |
UNIT FOR DRY CLEANING TEXTILE ARTICLES USING A COMPOSITE SOLVENT
AND FOR RECYCLING THE USED COMPOSITE SOLVENT FOR RE-USE
Abstract
The invention relates to a unit for dry cleaning textile
articles using a composite solvent comprising multiple components,
said unit including: a dry cleaning chamber (1) configured to mix
the textile articles to be cleaned with the composite solvent
during a cleaning cycle; a device (7) for recovering the used
composite solvent after a cleaning cycle; a treatment device (8)
for removing water and dirt and recycling at least part of the used
composite solvent in order to use same in another dry cleaning
cycle. The unit is characterised in that it also comprises a
re-adjustment device (9) for re-adjusting the composition of the
recycled composite solvent, incorporating therein at least the part
of the component(s) that was lost in the treatment device (8), said
re-adjustment device comprising at least: a buffer tank (10)
provided with at least one supply inlet (10a) for the recycled
composite solvent, at least one supply inlet (10b) for at least the
part of the component(s) of the composite solvent to be introduced
into the buffer tank (10) in order to re-adjust the composition of
the recycled composite solvent, and at least one outlet (10c) for
the re-adjusted and recycled composite solvent, said outlet (10c)
being connected to the storage tank (5) for the dry cleaning
composite solvent; a storage tank (11) for one or more components
of the dry cleaning composite solvent; and a metering pump (14) for
metering the quantity of the component(s) of the composite solvent
to be introduced into the buffer tank (10) through the inlet (10b)
in order to re-adjust the composition of the recycled composite
solvent, said pump being linked upstream to at least one storage
tank (11) containing one or more components of the dry cleaning
composite solvent.
Inventors: |
TESTA; Alfred; (Fuveau,
FR) ; TESTA; Jean-Philippe; (Aubagne, FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ARCANE INDUSTRIES |
Aubagne |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
ARCANE INDUSTRIES
Aubagne
FR
|
Family ID: |
48170684 |
Appl. No.: |
14/761374 |
Filed: |
January 22, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
January 22, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/FR2014/050121 |
371 Date: |
September 16, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
8/142 ; 68/18C;
68/18R |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06L 1/10 20130101; D06L
1/00 20130101; D06F 43/02 20130101; D06F 43/081 20130101; D06F
2226/00 20130101; D06F 43/085 20130101; D06F 43/083 20130101; D06F
43/007 20130101 |
International
Class: |
D06F 43/00 20060101
D06F043/00; D06F 43/08 20060101 D06F043/08 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 22, 2013 |
FR |
1350536 |
Claims
1. A Unit for dry cleaning of textile articles using a composite
solvent comprising several components comprising: a dry cleaning
chamber (1) configured to mix, during a cleaning cycle, textile
articles to be cleaned with a composite solvent; a device (7) for
recovering the composite solvent after the cleaning cycle; a
treatment device (8) for removing water and dirt and recycling at
least a portion of the composite solvent for the purpose of using
the recycled composite solvent for another dry cleaning cycle, a
re-adjustment device (9) for re-adjusting the recycled composite
solvent by incorporating therein at least a portion of the
component or components that was lost in the treatment device (8),
wherein the device comprises at least: a buffer tank (10) provided
with at least one supply inlet (10a) for the recycled composite
solvent, with at least one inlet (10b) for the supply of at least
the portion of the component or components of the composite solvent
to be introduced into said buffer tank (10) in order to re-adjust
the composition of the recycled composite solvent, and with at
least one outlet (10c) for the recycled and re-adjusted composite
solvent, with this outlet (10c) being connected to the storage tank
(5) for the dry cleaning composite solvent, a storage tank (11) for
one or several components of the dry cleaning composite solvent,
and a metering pump (14) of the quantity of the component or
components of the composite solvent to be introduced into the
buffer tank (10) through said inlet (10b) for the re-adjustment of
the composition of the recycled composite solvent, this pump is
connected upstream to at least one storage tank (11) containing one
or several components of the dry cleaning composite solvent.
2. The Unit according to claim 1, wherein the re-adjustment device
(9) is provided with an analyzer (15) which makes it possible to
analyze the physical and/or chemical characteristics of the
recycled composite solvent, to determine the quantity of the
component or components of the composite solvent to be taken from
the storage tank (11) and to be introduced into the buffer tank
(10).
3. The Unit according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning chamber (1)
is provided with a perforated drum (2) intended to receive the
textile articles to be cleaned, said perforated drum (2) being
mounted rotatingly in said chamber, with the latter having: an
opening (20) for the placing of textile articles to be dry cleaned
in the perforated drum (2), with this opening able to be closed by
a door or a porthole; an orifice (3) connected to a duct for
introducing (4) the composite solvent which is placed in a storage
tank (5); and an orifice (6) connected to the recovery device
(7).
4. The Unit according to claim 1 wherein the device (8) for
treating the used composite solvent comprises at least one
filtration device (12) for filtering insoluble dirt contained in
said used composite solvent and a fractionated distillation unit
(13) comprises: an outlet for the removal of a top fraction F1
representing less than 15% w/w.sub.used composite solvent and
containing at least water, one or several azeotropes formed between
the water and one or several components of the composite solvent;
and an outlet for the recycling of an intermediate fraction F2
representing more than 75% w/w.sub.used composite solvent and
containing the dry cleaning composite solvent less at least one
portion, by weight, of one or of several of its components, said
intermediate fraction F2 being directed after recycling to the
buffer tank (10).
5. The Unit according to claim 4, wherein the fractionated
distillation unit (13) is provided with a collection container (31)
configured to receive in a first step the top fraction F1 before it
is discharged to the removal tank (30), then in a second step, the
intermediate fraction F2 before it is sent to the buffer tank (10),
said collection container (31) having a drawing-off point (31a) in
its lower portion, through which the top fraction F1 and the
intermediate fraction F2 are removed to their respective tanks (30)
and (10); and being provided with an analyzer (15a) making it
possible to analyze the physical and/or chemical characteristics of
the top fraction F1 or of the fraction F2 in such a way as to
determine the quantity of the component or components of the
composite solvent to be introduced into said buffer tank (10).
6. The Unit according to claim 5, wherein the removal tank (30)
intended to contain the top fraction F1, comprises a duct (300)
connected to an injection device (301) making it possible to
inject, after N dry cleaning cycles, said fraction F1 into the
fractionated distillation unit (13) for the purpose of separating
it into at least two fractions: one top fraction F' 1 intended to
be removed, and a fraction F2 intended to be added, before the
re-adjusting of the recycled composite solvent, to the intermediate
fraction F2 collected after the cycle N of dry cleaning.
7. The unit according to claim 1, wherein the composite solvent
comprises at least: 40% to 80% w/w dipropylene glycol monomethyl
ether, 5% to 40% w/w an amphiphilic solvent A having the following
formula: R--(O--C.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.n--OH (1) wherein n is an
integer equal to 1 or 2, and R a C.sub.3- or C.sub.4-alkyl group,
10% to 40% w/w a dibasic ester B selected from the group comprising
dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate and
mixtures thereof, and 0% to 10% w/w additional components.
8. A method of dry cleaning of textile articles with a composite
solvent having a plurality of components and of recycling the used
composite solvent for reuse, said method comprising: a) a dry
cleaning cycle comprising contacting fabric articles to be cleaned
with the composite solvent, b) recovering the used composite
solvent contaminated with dirt and water at the end of the dry
cleaning cycle, c) treating the used composite solvent in order to
remove at least water and dirt, and d) recycling at least a portion
of the composite solvent treated in step c) for the purpose of
using it for another dry cleaning cycle, wherein the composition of
the recycled composite solvent is readjusted by incorporating at
least the portion, by weight, of the component or the components of
the composite solvent, which portion was lost during the treatment
step aimed at removing the water and dirt.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the portion, by weight,
to be incorporated in the composition of the recycled composite
solvent is determined from the physical and/or chemical analysis of
the recycled composite solvent.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the treatment step
aimed at removing the water and dirt comprises a fractional
distillation.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the fractional
distillation is conducted so as: to remove a top fraction F1
comprising less than 15% w/w used composite solvent and containing
at least water and one or several azeotropes formed between water
and one or more components of the composite solvent, and to collect
an intermediate fraction F2 representing more than 75% w/w used
composite solvent containing the dry cleaning composite solvent
less at least a portion, by weight, of one or more of its
components, which portion was lost in the treatment comprising the
fractional distillation.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the top fraction F1
removed by fractional distillation in step c) is distilled at a
temperature less than 82.degree. C. and a pressure of 65 bars and
comprises at least water, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and
optionally an amphiphilic solvent A' having the following formula:
R'-0-C.sub.3H.sub.6--OH (I') wherein R' represents a C.sub.3- or
C.sub.4-alkyl group.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the intermediate
fraction F2 recovered by fractional distillation in step c)
distills at a temperature above 83.degree. C. and under a pressure
of 65 bars.
14. The method according to claim 7, wherein the portion to be
incorporated into the composition of the recycled composite solvent
comprises at least dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and
optionally an amphiphilic solvent A' of formula
R'--0-C.sub.3H.sub.6--OH (I') wherein R' represents an C.sub.3- or
C.sub.4-alkyl group.
15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the top fraction F1
removed in step c) is recovered in a drain tank, then, after N dry
cleaning cycles, is subjected to a fractional distillation, which
fractional distillation is conducted so as to remove a top fraction
F1, said top fraction F1 containing a major amount of water, and to
recover a fraction F2, said fraction F'2 being intended to be
added, before step e) of readjustment, to the intermediate fraction
F2 recovered after the N dry cleaning cycle.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention has for object a unit for dry cleaning textile
articles using a composite solvent comprising multiple components
and for recycling used composite solvent for the purposes of
re-using it.
[0002] The technical field of the invention can, in general, be
defined as that of techniques for dry cleaning clothing, textiles,
fabrics and similar items, and more particularly techniques for
recycling dirty solvents in order to re-use them.
STATE OF THE ART
[0003] The methods for dry cleaning textile articles use, in the
washing phase, an organic solvent. The latter can be a
single-component solvent such as perchloroethylene which is
classified as a possible carcinogen (category 3) by the European
Union and which is now banned in France, or a composite solvent
comprising multiple components such as aqueous solutions of
propylene glycol ethers (see for example the documents of U.S. Pat.
No. 6,273,919 (Hayday, W. A.), U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,850 (Galick et
al.)); mixtures of C.sub.10-C.sub.13 aliphatic hydrocarbons such as
the solvent Ecosolv.RTM. marketed by Chevron Phillips.RTM.;
compositions comprising a volatile siloxane and an organic
surfactant, and optionally water (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,521,580
(Perry et al.)); or compositions comprising a siloxane solvent
and/or a hydrocarbon solvents and an amplifying compound with a KB
value of the composition (US2012/0085634 (Douglas et al.).
[0004] Typically, a method for dry cleaning textile articles
comprises the steps consisting in: (a) placing the textile articles
to be cleaned in contact with the liquid solvent in a washing and
drying machine provided with a cleaning and stirring basket in
rotation about a horizontal axis; (b) subjecting the textile
articles in the presence of the solvent to rotation movements
(alternating-reversed) in order to ensure removal of the dirt
contaminating the textile articles; (c) extracting the used solvent
from the basket by pumping, (d) subjecting the cleaned textile
articles to centrifugation in order to extract the greatest
possible amount of used solvent, and (e) removing the residual
solvent by vaporization by injecting a flow of hot air through the
textile articles.
[0005] After a dry cleaning cycle, the recovered solvent, is most
often contaminated by different sorts of dirt, namely (i) insoluble
dirt such as dust, balls or isolated strands of textile fibers and
dyeing pigments detached from cleaned articles and (ii) soluble
dirt such as fat, fatty acids coming from transpiration, coloring
agents, etc. The recovered solvent is also very often contaminated
by the water that comes from the relative humidity of the air,
moisture (ex. sweat) contained in the textile articles to be
cleaned, and/or the water introduced into the cleaning device
following operations of pre-treating textile articles for example
with aqueous stain-removing or aqueous pre-brushing solutions.
[0006] However, for reasons concerning public health and protecting
the environment, but also the cost of the solvent, it is not
desirable to discard the used solvent. It is as such common to
recycle, in particular by distillation, the used solvent in the
same dry cleaning machine for the purpose of re-using it in one or
several new dry cleaning cycles.
[0007] Document US2012/0085634 (Douglas et al.) discloses a method
for dry cleaning textile articles using a composition constituted
of a dry cleaning agent comprising a siloxane solvent, a
hydrocarbon solvent or mixtures thereof and an amplifying compound,
which makes it possible to increase a KB value of said composition.
This method also comprises the recycling via distillation of the
used cleaning composition for the purpose of re-using it. However,
this method requires the implementing of a first energy-consuming
atmospheric distillation (at more than 100.degree. C.) but above
all time-consuming, during which the water, azeotropes, and other
volatile compounds are removed, followed by a second distillation
under reduced pressure (at around 150.degree. C.) during which the
dry cleaning agent and the amplifying compound are recovered and
redirected to the storage tank in order to be re-used. This method
is delicate to implement for the recycling for the re-use of
composite solvents of which the components can be broken down or be
hydrolyzed at such temperatures or form separate azeotropes between
them and/or with the water, making the distillation complicated and
difficult to manage in the dry cleaning machine.
[0008] As such, in light of the above, this invention has for
purpose to propose a method and a unit for dry cleaning textile
articles using a composite solvent comprising multiple components,
which also makes it possible to satisfactorily regenerate the used
solvent for the purpose of a second use.
[0009] This invention also has for purpose to propose such a method
and such a unit that are simple and safe and which can adapt to
different composite solvents.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The solution proposed by the invention is a unit for the dry
cleaning of textile articles using a composite solvent comprising
several components, said unit comprising: [0011] a dry cleaning
chamber configured to mix, during a cleaning cycle, the textile
articles to be cleaned with the composite solvent, [0012] a device
for recovering the used composite solvent after a cleaning cycle,
[0013] a treatment device for removing water and dirt and recycling
at least a portion of the used composite solvent for the purpose of
using it for another dry cleaning cycle.
[0014] This unit is remarkable by the fact that it further
comprises a re-adjustment device for re-adjusting the composition
of the recycled composite solvent by incorporating therein at least
the portion of the component or components that was lost in the
treatment device, said re-adjustment device comprises at least:
[0015] a buffer tank provided with at least one supply inlet for
the recycled composite solvent, with at least one supply inlet of
at least the portion of the component or components of the
composite solvent to be introduced into said buffer tank in order
to re-adjust the composition of the recycled composite solvent, and
with at least one outlet of the recycled and re-adjusted composite
solvent, with this outlet being connected to the storage tank for
the dry cleaning composite solvent, [0016] a storage tank of one or
several components of the dry cleaning composite solvent, and
[0017] a metering pump of the quantity of the component or
components of the composite solvent to be introduced into the
buffer tank through said inlet for the re-adjustment of the
composition of the recycled composite solvent, this pump is
connected upstream to at least one storage tank containing one or
several components of the dry cleaning composite solvent.
[0018] The advantages of this invention consist in that the unit
can be applied to the dry cleaning composite solvents currently
available in the market, in particular to composite solvents of
which the components can form between them and/or with water
separate azeotropes and as such make the regenerating by
distillation of the used composite solvent complicated and
difficult to manage in the dry cleaning machine. The unit of the
invention also has the advantage of allowing for the re-use of the
recycled composite solvent and in optimum conditions. Indeed,
thanks to the step of re-adjusting, the recycled composite solvent
recovers at least the portion of the component or components or at
least the component or components that were lost during the step of
treatment, and/or of recycling, with the step of treatment able to
be carried out for example by filtration followed by a conventional
distillation, preferably in a vacuum, then by settling; or by
fractionated distillation, preferably in a vacuum.
[0019] Other preferred characteristics of the invention are listed
hereinbelow, with each one of these characteristics able to be
considered individually or in combination with the remarkable
characteristics defined hereinabove:
[0020] Preferentially, the re-adjustment device is provided with an
analyzer making it possible to analyze the composition of the
recycled composite solvent, in such a way as to determine the
quantity of the component or components of the composite solvent to
be taken from the storage tank or tanks of one or several
components of the dry cleaning composite solvent, and to be
introduced into the "buffer" tank.
[0021] In particular, the cleaning chamber is provided with a
perforated drum intended to receive the textile articles to be
cleaned, said perforated drum being mounted rotatingly in said
chamber, with the latter having: [0022] an opening for the placing
of textile articles to be dry cleaned in the perforated drum, with
this opening able to be closed by a door or a porthole, [0023] an
orifice connected to a duct for introducing the composite solvent
which is placed in a storage tank. [0024] an orifice connected to
the recovery device.
[0025] According to an embodiment, the treatment device for the
used composite solvent comprises at least one filtration device for
filtering insoluble dirt contained in said used composite solvent
and a fractionated distillation unit, said treatment device
comprising: [0026] an outlet for the removal of an overhead
fraction F1 representing less than 15% w/w.sub.used composite
solvent and containing at least water, one or several azeotropes
formed between the water and one or several components of the
composite solvent, and [0027] an outlet for the recycling of an
intermediate fraction F2 representing more than w/w.sub.used
composite solvent and containing the dry cleaning composite solvent
less at least one portion, by weight, of one or of several of its
components, said intermediate fraction F2 being placed after
recycling in a buffer tank.
[0028] According to another advantageous detail, the fractionated
distillation unit is provided with a collection container
configured to receive in a first step the overhead fraction F1
before it is discharged to the removal tank, then in a second step,
the intermediate fraction F2 before it is sent to the buffer tank,
said collection container: [0029] having a drawing-off point in its
lower portion, through which the overhead fraction F1 and the
intermediate fraction F2 are removed to their respective tanks; and
[0030] being provided with an analyzer making it possible to
analyze the physical and/or chemical characteristics of the
overhead fraction F1 or of the intermediate fraction F2 in such a
way as to determine the quantity of the component or components of
the composite solvent to be introduced into said buffer tank.
[0031] Advantageously, the removal tank intended to contain the
overhead fraction F1, comprises a duct connected to an injection
device making it possible to inject, after N dry cleaning cycles,
said fraction F1 into the fractionated distillation unit for the
purpose of separating it into at least two fractions: one overhead
fraction F'1 intended to be removed, and a fraction F'2 intended to
be added, before the re-adjusting of the recycled composite
solvent, to the intermediate fraction F2 collected after the cycle
N of dry cleaning.
[0032] Particularly advantageously, the dry cleaning composite
solvent implemented in the unit according to the invention,
comprises at least: [0033] 40% to 80% w/w.sub.composite solvent of
dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, [0034] 5% to 40%
w/w.sub.composite solvent of an amphiphilic solvent A having the
following formula: R--(O--C.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.n--OH (I) wherein n
is an integer equal to 1 or 2, and R an alkyl group in C.sub.3 or
in C.sub.4, [0035] 10% to 40% w/w.sub.composite solvent Of a
dibasic ester B selected from the group comprising dimethyl
succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate and mixtures
thereof, and -0% to 10% w/w.sub.composite solvent of additional
components.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0036] Other advantages and characteristics of the invention shall
appear better when reading the following description of a preferred
embodiment, in reference to the annexed drawings, provided by way
of example for the purposes of information and not restricted and
wherein:
[0037] FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a unit in accordance with the
invention.
[0038] FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows an alternative according to
the invention.
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0039] This invention is based on the experimental findings that
the used composite solvents recovered after a first dry cleaning
cycle of textile articles, recycled, in particular via
distillation, and used again in another cleaning cycle, are less
effective in removing hydrophilic dirt and/or hydrophobic dirt than
starting composite solvents. This drop in performance can be
explained by the fact that during the recycling operations, in
particular via distillation, composite solvents lose one or several
of their components or a portion of one or more of their
components. Such a loss of component(s) or portion of component(s)
induces a modification in the composition of the recycled composite
solvents, and therefore a significant modification in the dry
cleaning properties. The applicant resolved this problem of a
decrease in performance experienced by the recycled composite
solvents, by incorporating into the composition of the latter at
least the portion of the component or components that was lost
during the recycling operations.
[0040] In this text: [0041] "composite solvent" means solvent
containing at least two components playing an essential role in
conferring properties of dry cleaning of textile articles. [0042]
"dry cleaning" means the cleaning wherein the composite solvents
double as a solvent or cleaning liquid as a replacement for water.
[0043] "textile articles" means the object used in a personal or
professional framework (e.g. various industries, hospitals, etc.),
and manufactured using natural fibers such as cotton, wool, flax,
silk or others, and/or from synthetic fibers such as nylon,
polyamide, acrylic, polyester, acetate, viscose, or others. As
examples of textile articles can be mentioned shirts, pants,
sweaters, vests, coats, tablecloths, covers, sheets, napkins,
quilts, leather clothing, suede, etc. [0044] "dirt" means the dirt,
whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic, soluble in the composite
solvent, and the dirt that is insoluble therein such as dust, balls
or isolated strands of textile fibers and dyeing pigments detached
from cleaned articles or others. [0045] "hydrophobic dirt" means
the dirt contaminating the textile articles and which is generally
comprised of organic matter or materials that do not have an
affinity for water and which are insoluble therein. By way of
non-restricted examples of "hydrophobic dirt" fat, oil, mayonnaise,
mustard, body oils, tar or motor oil stains etc. can be mentioned.
[0046] "hydrophilic dirt" means the dirt contaminating the textile
articles and which is mainly comprised of organic or inorganic
matter that have certain affinities with water and which are
entirely or partially soluble therein. By way of non-restricted
examples of "hydrophilic dirt", body fluids such as sweat, blood,
urine, food products that are soluble in water such as sugar, salt,
chocolate, fruit juices, tea, coffee, etc. can be mentioned. [0047]
"major portion" according to the invention means the initial
composition of the composite solvent used for the dry cleaning of
textile articles, less at least a portion, by weight, of one or
several components of the composite solvent lost during the steps
of treating and of recycling the used composite solvent.
[0048] The percentages, content and ratios used hereinbelow are all
given in relation to the total weight of the composition
"w/w.sub.composite solvent.sup.", unless mentioned otherwise.
Method for Dry Cleaning Textile Articles and for Recycling the Used
Composite Solvent
[0049] This invention first aims for a method for dry cleaning
textile articles using a composite solvent comprising multiple
components and recycling used composite solvent for the purpose of
re-use. Advantageously, this method comprises:
[0050] a) a dry cleaning cycle comprising the putting of the
textile articles to be cleaned in contact with the composite
solvent,
[0051] b) the recovery of the used composite solvent contaminated
by the water and the dirt after the dry cleaning cycle,
[0052] c) the treatment of the used composite solvent in such a way
as to remove at least the water and the dirt,
[0053] d) the recycling of at least a portion of the composite
solvent treated in the step c) for the purpose of using it for
another dry cleaning cycle,
[0054] e) the re-adjusting of the composition of the recycled
composite solvent in the step d) by incorporating into this
composition at least the portion of the component or components of
the composite solvent that was lost during the steps c) and/or
d).
[0055] By way of example of composite solvents comprising multiple
components and suitable for the dry cleaning of textile articles
according to this invention the composite solvent S can be
mentioned that comprise at least: [0056] dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether (DPM), [0057] an amphiphilic solvent A having the
following formula: R--(O--C.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.n--OH (1) wherein n
is an integer equal to 1 or 2, and R an alkyl group in C.sub.3 or
in C.sub.4, and [0058] a dibasic ester B selected from the group
comprising dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate
and mixtures thereof.
[0059] This composite solvent S was recently developed by the
Applicant who was able to demonstrate that it manifests a strong
cleaning power with regards to hydrophobic dirt (fat in
particular), but also with regards to hydrophilic dirt (organic
matter or water soluble minerals) which can appear on textile
articles. The Applicant also demonstrated that such a composite
solvent can be can be adapted to the type of dirt (hydrophobic or
hydrophilic) as well as to the type of textile articles to be dry
cleaned by varying the proportions of the three essential
ingredients namely dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, the
amphiphilic solvent A and the dibasic ester B. The Applicant also
noted that this composite solvent also has the advantage of
maintaining, in a solution or in a suspension, the liquid or solid
dirt extracted during the operation of dry cleaning preventing it
as such from being re-deposited on the cleaned textile
articles.
[0060] This composite solvent S can advantageously replace
perchloroethylene (PERC) which is classified as a possible
carcinogen (category 3) by the European Union and which is now
banned in France for its use in dry cleaning machines.
[0061] The Applicant was further able to demonstrate that the best
dry cleaning results were obtained with composite solvents S
comprising: (i) dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM),
mono-n-butyl ether of dipropylene glycol (PnB) and of dibasic ester
DBE; (ii) dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM), mono-n-butyl
ether of dipropylene glycol (DPnB) and of dibasic ester DBE; or
(iii) dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM), mono-tert-butyl
ether of dipropylene glycol (DPtB) and of dibasic ester DBE; or
(iv) dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM), mono-n-butyl ether
of dipropylene glycol (DPnB), mono-n-propyl ether of dipropylene
glycol (DPnP), and of dibasic ester DBE; or (v) dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether (DPM), mono-n-butyl ether of dipropylene glycol
(DPnB), mono-n-butyl ether of propylene glycol (PnB), and of
dibasic ester DBE.
[0062] Note: The preferred dibasic ester (DBE) according to the
invention is the dibasic ester Rhodiasolv.RTM. RPDE marketed by
Rhodia.
[0063] This composite solvent S (or these composite solvents) can
advantageously further comprise all sorts of additional components
normally used in the field of dry cleaning. By way of example,
additional components can be chosen from antioxidants, disinfecting
agents, perfumes and mixtures thereof. These additional components
can be present in the composition according to this invention in a
quantity between 0.001% and 10% in w/w.sub.composition without
substantially affecting its advantageous properties.
[0064] By way of example of antioxidant agents (or stabilizers)
2,6-di-.sub.tert-butyl-p-methylphenol (BHT),
2-.sub.tertio-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (2-BHA) and
3-tertio-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) or mixtures thereof can be
mentioned. Such antioxidant agents have for function to prevent or
decrease or delay a possible formation of peroxides.
[0065] By way of examples of disinfecting agents, quaternary
ammonium salts, aldehydes, phenolic derivatives, halogenated
compounds (e.g. iodinated), alcohols or others can be mentioned.
Such disinfecting agents will have the role of making possible an
action of disinfection of the textile articles to be cleaned, in
particular household, medical or veterinary laundry. They
furthermore have a cleaning action of the chamber devoted to dry
cleaning.
[0066] A preferred composite solvent S for the implementing of the
method of dry cleaning articles according to this invention,
comprises: [0067] 40% to 80% w/w.sub.composite solvent of
dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, [0068] 5% to 40%
w/w.sub.composite solvent of an amphiphilic solvent A having the
following formula: R--(O--C.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.n--OH (I) wherein n
is an integer equal to 1 or 2, and R an alkyl group in C.sub.3 or
in C.sub.4, [0069] 10% to 40% w/w.sub.composite solvent of a
dibasic ester B selected from the group comprising dimethyl
succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate and mixtures
thereof, and -0% to 10% w/w.sub.composite solvent of additional
components.
[0070] Such a composite solvent S further has the advantage of
being able to be prepared by any method of mixing known to those
skilled in the art, using non-toxic components, classified as
easily biodegradable, inexpensive and available in the market. It
advantageously has the form of a limpid and colorless liquid and
can be conditioned, in anhydrous state, in any contained able to
receive a liquid, such as for example, a storage tank made of steel
or from plastic materials such as polyethylene and
polypropylene.
[0071] However, the Applicant was able to note that using such a
composite solvent S in the form of an aqueous solution containing
more than 8% w/w.sub.composite solvent s of water, does not result
in optimum dry cleaning.
[0072] The step a) of the method according to this invention, can
be carried out by any method of dry cleaning known to those skimmed
in the art. Generally, the textile articles are: i) placed in a
washing and drying machine (known to those skilled in the art)
comprising for example a leaktight chamber which is provided with a
rotating perforated drum and which is connected to a solvent
circuit comprising a solvent circulation device, ii) placed in
contact with the composite solvent, for example par immersion, iii)
stirred in the composite solvent according to the movement of
rotation (alternating-reversed) in order to allow for the
dissolution of the dirt contaminating the textile articles, iv)
spun through centrifugation in order to extract the largest
possible quantity of the used composite solvent, and dried v) in
order to remove the residual solvent, for example by injecting a
flow of hot air through the textile articles.
[0073] In practice, the phase of stirring iii) can be carried out
at a temperature ranging from 15.degree. C. to 60.degree. C.
according to the composite solvent used and the textile articles to
be cleaned. This phase of stirring iii) can be repeated several
times, for example two times. The hot air injected during the
drying phase v) has a temperature greater than 40.degree. C.,
preferably between 60.degree. C. to 80.degree. C., according to the
composite solvent used and the textile articles to be cleaned.
[0074] After this dry cleaning cycle, textile articles with the
dirt removed and used composite solvent are obtained. In practice,
the used composite solvent is recovered in the step b), on the one
hand, by pumping at the step of spinning iv) and, on the other
hand, by cooling the vapors generated during the step of drying
v).
[0075] The solvent recovered as such is generally contaminated by
various sorts of dirt, namely (i) insoluble dirt such as dust,
balls or isolated strands of textile fibers and the dyeing pigments
detached from cleaned articles and (ii) soluble dirt, whether
hydrophilic or hydrophobic, such as fat, fatty acids coming from
transpiration, etc. At this stage, the used composite solvent
recovered is also contaminated by the water which comes from the
relative humidity of the air and/or the moisture (ex. sweat)
contained in the textile articles to be cleaned, and/or the water
introduced into the cleaning device following the operations of
pre-treating textile articles for example with aqueous
stain-removing or aqueous pre-brushing solutions.
[0076] By way of example, the preferred composite solvent S
developed by the Applicant (described hereinabove) is contaminated
at this stage by at least 0.5% w/w.sub.composite solvent S of
water, in particular by at most w/w.sub.composite solvent S of
water, as well as by insoluble dirt and soluble dirt.
[0077] The step c) of the method of this invention has for purpose
to purify the used composite solvent recovered in the step b) by
removing at least the water, the dirt.
[0078] In an advantageous embodiment, the removal of the insoluble
dirt is carried out via filtration on means of filtration selected
in the group constituted by button (or pin) filters, carbon filters
and combinations thereof. This filtration is constant from the
beginning to the end of the dry cleaning cycle. The used composite
solvent filtered as such is subjected to fractionated distillation.
This fractionated distillation is, preferably, conducted under
reduced pressure, in such a way as to remove an overhead fraction
F1, on the one hand, and to collect an intermediate fraction F2, on
the other hand.
[0079] The overhead fraction F1 represents less than 15%
w/w.sub.used composite solvent and contains at least water and one
or several azeotropes formed between the water and one or several
components of the composite solvent. The overhead fraction F1 can
also contain one or several components or a portion of one or of
several components of the distilling composite solvent at the same
time as the water without necessarily forming azeotropes with the
water.
[0080] Note: the expression "w/w.sub.used composite solvent.sup."
means that the percentage is calculated in relation to the total
weight of the used solvent to be treated by fractionated
distillation.
[0081] The intermediate fraction F2 shows more than 75%
w/w.sub.used composite solvent and contains more preferably the dry
cleaning composite solvent less at least one portion, by weight, of
one or of several of its components, said portion was removed, for
example, with the overhead fraction F1 and/or was lost in the
bottom fraction of distillation as explained hereinbelow.
[0082] From a safety standpoint, the bottom fraction of the
fractionated distillation is generally not recovered. It is
withdrawn from the distillation unit and transferred to a tank for
later treatment. This bottom fraction can contain insoluble dirt
and/or soluble dirt. It can also contain another portion, by
weight, of one or several components of the composite solvent, even
one or several components of the composite solvent of which the
boiling point is too high even under reduced pressure, such as
antioxidants, disinfectants and surfactants which are possibly
included in the composition of the dry cleaning composite
solvent.
[0083] The step of treating c), more preferably, by filtration
followed by fractionated distillation, can be carried out during or
in parallel to the dry cleaning cycle mentioned in the step a).
[0084] By way of example, in the case of the preferred composite
solvent S developed by the Applicant (see hereinabove), and
contaminated by 5% w/w.sub.used composite solvent S of water:
[0085] the overhead fraction F1 removed by fractionated
distillation in the step c), distils at a temperature less than
82.degree. C. and under a pressure of 65 mBars (or at a temperature
between 20.degree. C. and 121.degree. C. under 267 mBars) and
comprises at least water, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and
where applicable an amphiphilic solvent A' having the following
formula: R'--O--C.sub.3H.sub.6--OH (I') wherein R' represents an
alkyl group in C3 or in C4. This overhead fraction F1 can further
comprise a fraction <20% w/w.sub.overhead fraction F1 in dibasic
ester according to the conditions chosen for the fractionated
distillation. It represents less than 15% w/w.sub.used composite
solvent S.
[0086] and, [0087] the intermediate fraction F2 collected by
fractionated distillation in the step b) distils at a temperature
greater than 83.degree. C., more preferably between 83.degree. C.
and 140.degree. C., under a pressure of 65 mBars. This intermediate
fraction F2 represents more than 75% w/w.sub.used composite solvent
S, more preferably more than 95% w/w.sub.used composite solvent
S.
[0088] By way of example of amphiphilic solvent A', mono-n-butyl
ether of propylene glycol, mono-iso-butyl ether of propylene
glycol, mono-tert-butyl ether of propylene glycol, mono-n-propyl
ether of propylene glycol, mono-isopropyl ether of propylene glycol
and mixtures thereof can be mentioned.
[0089] The intermediate fraction F2 collected in the step c)
therefore has a composition which is different from that of the
composite solvent used for dry cleaning. In order to be able to use
this fraction F2 in another dry cleaning cycle of textile articles,
its composition has to be re-adjusted.
[0090] In practice, the intermediate fraction F2 (or recycled
composite solvent) is transferred from the treatment unit to a
reserve tank wherein it composition will be supplemented by
incorporating therein at least the portion, by weight, of the
component or components that was lost during the step c).
[0091] By way of example, in the case of the preferred composite
solvent S, the portion to be incorporated into the composition of
the recycled composite solvent (here the intermediate fraction F2)
in the step d) comprises at least dipropylene glycol monomethyl
ether, and where applicable one or several amphiphiles A having the
following formula R--(O--C.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.n--OH (I) wherein n is
an integer equal to 1 or 2, R represents an alkyl group in C.sub.3
or in C.sub.4. The portion, by weight, to be incorporated into the
composition of the recycled composite solvent can further comprise
one or several dibasic esters B and/one or several additional
components.
[0092] The treatment and re-adjusting cycle represented by the
steps c) to e) described hereinabove is entirely automatic and can
be implemented during or in parallel to the dry cleaning phase of
textile articles.
[0093] In the case of a treatment of the composite solvent by
fractionated distillation, it may be useful to retreat the overhead
fraction F1 removed during the fractionated distillation in order
to, on the one hand, minimize the volume of the solvent discharge,
and, on the other hand, offset a possible lack in selectivity of
the fractionated distillation. To this effect, this invention
propose to recover the overhead fraction F1 after N dry cleaning
cycles and to subject it to a fractionated distillation. Typically,
this second fractionated distillation is conducted in such a way as
to remove an overhead fraction F'1, and to recover a fraction F'2,
said fraction F'2 is intended to be added, before the step e) of
re-adjusting, to the intermediate fraction F2 collected after the
cycle N of dry cleaning. Generally, the overhead fraction F'1
removed during this second fractionated distillation contains a
preponderant quantity of water. The number N of the dry cleaning
cycles after said removed overhead fraction F1 must be recovered,
can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the
composition of the composite solvent implemented and the
selectivity of the fractionated distillation. By way of a
non-restricted example, in the case of the preferred composite
solvent S of the invention, the overhead fraction F1 recovered is
retreated by fractionated distillation every N cycles of dry
cleaning, for example every 10 to 50 cycles of dry cleaning,
preferentially every 20 to 30 cycles of dry cleaning. In this case,
the fraction F'1 containing a preponderant quantity (>50%
w/w.sub.fraction F'1) of water, distils at a temperature less than
100.degree. c. under 200 mBars and the fraction F'2 to be added to
the fraction F2, distils under pressures less than 70 mBars.
Unit for the Dry Cleaning of Textile Articles and for the
Regenerating of the Used Composite Solvent
[0094] The annexed FIGS. 1 and 2 schematize, according to two
preferred embodiments, the organization of a unit in accordance
with the invention. This unit comprises at least one dry cleaning
chamber (1) configured to mix, during a cleaning cycle, the textile
articles to be cleaned with the composite solvent; a tank (5) for
storing the clean composite solvent; a device (8) for treating the
used composite solvent in order to recycle the latter at least
partially; and a device (9) for re-adjusting the composition of the
recycled composite solvent. By way of example, the tank (5) can
have a capacity of 120 liters in the case of a cleaning unit
provided for 12 to 14 KG of textile articles to be cleaned.
[0095] A perforated drum (2), made of stainless steel, intended to
receive the textile articles to be cleaned is mounted rotatingly in
the cleaning chamber (1). Typically, this drum (2) is made of
stainless steel, has a capacity of 200 L to 1500 L and can receive
9 Kg to 70 kg of textile articles to be dry cleaned. The rotating
speed of the drum during a cleaning operation can vary for example
from 1 revolution/minute to several hundred revolutions/minute,
preferably from 300 rpm to 600 rpm, preferentially from 400 rpm to
500 rpm.
[0096] The cleaning chamber (1), which is furthermore leaktight,
has at least one opening (20) for the placing of textile articles
to be cleaned in the perforated drum (2), with this opening (20)
able to be closed (hermetically) by a door or a porthole; an
orifice (3) connected to a duct for introducing (4) clean composite
solvent which is placed in the storage tank (5); and an orifice (6)
connected to a duct for recovering (7) used composite solvent after
a cleaning cycle.
[0097] The duct for the introduction (4) is, generally, provided
with at least the following means (not shown in FIG. 1): [0098] a
supply pump for conveying the composite solvent stored in the tank
(S) to the cleaning chamber (1), [0099] means of heating, such as a
heat exchanger, in order to increase the temperature of the
composite solvent for the purpose of carrying out the cleaning of
textile articles at a temperature higher than the ambient
temperature, for example at a temperature between 25.degree. C. and
50.degree. C., [0100] means, such as a fan, for introducing a flow
of hot air (heated to a temperature greater than 40.degree. C.,
more preferably between 65.degree. C. to 75.degree. C.) in the
cleaning chamber (1) with the purpose of drying the cleaned textile
articles.
[0101] After a dry cleaning cycle, the used composite solvent is
removed by the recovery duct (7). The latter is, generally,
provided with at least: [0102] one drain valve (not shown)
controlled by a control device, [0103] one removal pump (not shown)
able, on the one hand, to suck the used composite solvent, and
where applicable the residual, evaporated and condensed composite
solvent, from the chamber (1), and, on the other hand, to transfer
it to the treatment device (8) for the purpose of being recycled at
least partially.
[0104] According to a preferred embodiment, the treatment device
(8) is provided with a filtration device (12), such as a button (or
pin) filter, an active carbon filter or combinations thereof, in
order to clarify the used composite solvent, in particular in order
to remove the insoluble dirt; and with a fractionated distillation
unit (13) operating in such a way as to allow for, on the one hand,
the removal of an overhead fraction F1 representing less than 15%
w/w.sub.used composite solvent and containing at least the water,
one or several azeotropes formed between the water and one or
several components of the composite solvent; and, on the other
hand, the recycling of an intermediate fraction F2 representing
more than 75% w/w.sub.used composite solvent and containing the dry
cleaning composite solvent less at least one portion, by weight, of
one or of several of its components, said portion which was lost in
the step of treatment c).
[0105] The fractionated distillation unit (13) comprises at least
the following means (not shown in FIG. 1): a distillation column
provided at its base with a distiller and at its head with a
condenser associated with a vacuum pump. Said distiller is supplied
with used composite solvent, by the duct (12a) and has for function
to vaporize at least partially the used composite solvent. The
operating conditions of said distiller are conventional and are
according to the used composite solvent to be treated by
fractionated distillation, with the latter able to be implemented
by temperature gradient under a constant pressure, or by pressure
and temperature gradient.
[0106] By way of example, in the case of the preferred composite
solvent S (see hereinabove), the temperature in the distiller can
be maintained at a value less than 250.degree. C., for example at a
value ranging from 25.degree. C. to 180.degree. C., preferably from
120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. under a reduced pressure of 65
mBars.
[0107] The fractionated distillation unit (13) has at least a first
outlet for the removal according to the arrow F1 of the overhead
fraction F1 to a removal tank (or fluid container) (30) for later
treatment for the purpose of re-use, and a second outlet for the
recovery according to the arrow F2 of the intermediate fraction F2
which is sent via the duct (7a) to the buffer tank (10) wherein it
has to be re-adjusted for the purpose of being re-used in another
dry cleaning cycle. By way of example, the capacity of the buffer
tank (10) can be 60 liters in the case of a cleaning unit provided
for 12 to 14 KG of textile articles.
[0108] According to a preferred alternative of the invention, the
removal tank (30) containing the overhead fraction F1, comprises a
duct (300) connected to an injection device (301) which makes it
possible to inject, after N dry cleaning cycles, the fraction F1
into the fractionated distillation unit (13) for the purpose of
separating it into at least two fractions: an overhead fraction F'1
intended to be removed, and a fraction F'2 intended to be added,
before the step of re-adjusting e) of the recycled composite
solvent, to the intermediate fraction F2 collected after the cycle
N of dry cleaning.
[0109] More precisely, the re-adjustment device (9) of the
composition of the recycled composite solvent is comprised of at
least: [0110] the buffer tank (10) provided with at least one
supply inlet (10a) for the recycled composite solvent (intermediate
fraction F2), with at least one inlet (10b) for the supply with at
least the portion, by weight, of the component or components of the
composite solvent to be introduced into the buffer tank (10) in
order to re-adjust the composition of the recycled composite
solvent (or intermediate fraction F2), and with at least one outlet
(10c) of the recycled and re-adjusted composite solvent, with this
outlet (10c) being connected to the storage tank (5) for the dry
cleaning composite solvent, [0111] a metering pump (14) of the
quantity (predetermined) of the component or components of the
composite solvent to be introduced into the buffer tank (10)
through said inlet (10b), this pump is connected upstream to at
least one storage tank (11) of one or several components of the
composite solvent. By way of example, the tank (11) can be of a
capacity of 20 liters in the case of a cleaning unit provided for
12 to 14 KG of textile articles to be cleaned.
[0112] The re-adjustment device (9) can be provided with an
analyzer (15) provided on the buffer tank (10) and which makes it
possible to analyze the physical and/or chemical characteristics of
the recycled composite solvent, in such a way as to determine the
quantity of the component or components of the composite solvent to
be introduced into this buffer tank (10). The analyzer (15)
consists, for example, of a weight detector; a liquid level
detector; a UV, visible or Infra-Red (IR) spectrometer; a
refractometer; or other, said analyzer (15) being connected to a
computer server of the type that integrates a processor and a
memory wherein one or several computer programs are recorded. The
latter integrate instructions that, when they are executed by the
processor, make it possible to implement the functionalities
defined hereinafter. The analyzer (15) analyzes the physical and/or
chemical characteristics of the recycled composite solvent and
transfers this data to the server. The latter compares the
characteristics determined for the recycled composite solvent
contained in the buffer tank (10) with those of the clean dry
cleaning composite solvent. It is then possible to determine the
quantity of the component or components to be taken in the storage
tank or tanks (11) and to be introduced into the buffer tank (10).
The analyzer (15) as such transmits an adapted control instruction
to the metering pump (14).
[0113] According to another alternative of the invention (FIG. 2),
the fractionated distillation unit (13) is provided with a
collection container (31) configured to receive in a first step the
overhead fraction F1 before it is removed according to the arrow F1
to the removal tank (30), then in a second step, the intermediate
fraction F2 before it is sent according to the arrow F2 to the
buffer tank (10). The collection container (31) has a drawing-off
point (31a) in its lower portion, through which the overhead
fraction F1 and the intermediate fraction F2 are removed to their
respective tanks. According to this alternative, the collection
container (31) is provided with an analyzer (15a) which makes it
possible to analyze the physical and/or chemical characteristics of
the overhead fraction F1 of the overhead fraction F1 or of the
fraction F2 before they are removed from said collection container
(31), in such a way as to determine as described hereinabove the
quantity of the component or components of the composite solvent to
be introduced into this buffer tank (10). The analyzer (15a) can be
of the same type as the analyzer (15) described hereinabove.
According to this alternative, the buffer tank (10) can also be
provided with the analyzer (15a) (option not shown). According to
another alternative (not shown) only the buffer tank (10) is
provided with the analyzer (15a).
[0114] Particularly advantageously, the dry cleaning composite
solvent comprises at least: [0115] 40% to 80% w/w.sub.composite
solvent of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, [0116] 5% to 40%
w/w.sub.composite solvent of an amphiphilic solvent A having the
following formula: R--(O--C.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.n--OH (I) wherein n
is an integer equal to 1 or 2, and R an alkyl group in C.sub.3 or
in C.sub.4, [0117] 10% to 40% w/w.sub.composite solvent Of a
dibasic ester B selected from the group comprising dimethyl
succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate and mixtures
thereof, and [0118] 0% to 10% w/w.sub.composite solvent of
additional components.
[0119] The various pumps that are provided in the unit of this
invention are for example pumps of the centrifuge, peristaltic or
vortex type. And, the various ducts of the unit are provided with
valves of which the arrangement makes it possible to circulate the
fluids correctly. These various pumps as well as the various valves
can be controlled independently of each other in order to provide
optimum operation of the unit according to the invention.
[0120] The unit of this invention is advantageously a
semi-industrial unit (hospitals, hotels . . . ) or for launderette
or a unit for household use.
[0121] Note: [0122] the composite solvents of which example is
mentioned in this description (dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether,
amphiphilic solvent A and amphiphilic solvent A') can exist in the
form of positional isomers, optical isomers or combinations
thereof. [0123] The term "and/or" used in certain passages of this
description, includes the meanings and, or, as well as all other
possible combinations of the elements connected with this term.
[0124] It is of course obvious that various alternatives and
improvements can be made to the cleaning unit without however
leaving the scope of the invention. As such: [0125] the treatment
device, in particular the distillation unit, can be arranged to the
exterior of the cleaning unit, and where applicable connected to
one or several other cleaning units. [0126] the distiller of the
distillation unit can be provided with a drawing-off point in its
lower portion in order to recover the heavy fractions that have not
distilled, for the purpose of later treatment.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Preferred Dry Cleaning Composite Solvents
[0127] The preferred composite solvents 1 to 6 of the invention are
prepared using the ingredients indicated in the table hereinbelow
via any method known to those skilled in the art.
TABLE-US-00001 Weight proportion (w/w.sub.composite solvent) as %
Examples: Ingredients 1 2 3 4 5 6 dipropylene glycol 64 70 70 58 58
64 monomethyl ether (DPM), mono-n-butyl ether of 9 propylene glycol
(PnB) mono-n-butyl ether of 14 10 20 12 30 5 dipropylene glycol
(DPnB) dibasic ester (DBE) 22 20 10 30 12 22
[0128] The dibasic ester DBE used in examples 1 to 6 is
Rhodiasolv.RTM. RPOE marketed by Rhodia.RTM..
[0129] Composite solvents 1 to 6 that are anhydrous (not containing
any added water), limpid and colorless, which are chemically
stable, are obtained. These composite solvents can be stored for
more than 1 year, and even more than 2 years, at a temperature less
than 40.degree. C., in closed containers and away from air and
light. They add, in particular, the following properties: [0130]
compatibility with respect for the environment, human and animal
health, and safety at work in dry cleaning establishments, [0131]
flash points: greater than 75.degree. C., [0132] Kauri-Butanol
index: greater than 70 [0133] anhydrous (non-aqueous) and can be
diluted in water with a miscibility greater than 40% v/v in
water.
Example 2
Effects of Composite Solvents 1 to 6
[0134] The effect of composite solvents 1 to 6 as dry cleaning
solvents, was studied on a panel of fabrics (10 cm.times.10 cm)
constituted of various fibers as well as on accessories that are
frequently encountered on the textile articles. A first study
covered the observation of deformation of the fabrics and the
discoloration and the second on the effectiveness of the cleaning
of stains.
[0135] To carry out these tests, the fabrics were impregnated (via
immersion) and mechanically stirred in composite solvents 1 to 6
pendant 10 min then dried in a ventilated oven at 70.degree. C.
[0136] Results:
1) Deformations, Discoloration and Deteriorations of the
Linings:
[0137] The tests carried out on various fabrics of the polyester,
cotton, viscose, flax, acrylic, wool, acetate, elastane, silk types
have shown that the fabrics are correctly washed, dried easily, do
not contain any odor after drying and retain their measurements
even in the case of wool (deformation less than 0.2 mm). The
experiment on pieces of textiles has shown that with these
composite solvents the fabric is substantially less dry than with
perchloroethylene, and procures a good sliding which seriously
facilitates ironing, and reduces the risk of felting in machines.
Elastic textiles have retained their extensible property. The best
dry cleaning results were obtained with composite solvents 2 and
4.
[0138] With regards to the discoloration, we have observed a slight
washing out in the case of the composite solvent without
re-depositing of the latter on the other fabrics. In the case of
the other composite solvents the resistance to discoloration is
good and even better than that of perchloroethylene when the dry
cleaned fabrics are compared with the reference samples.
2) Behavior on the Linings:
[0139] The effect of composite solvents 1 to 6 as a dry cleaning
solvent was studied on linings frequently encountered on textile
articles such as buttons, plastic or metal zippers and glued
sequins.
[0140] The tests on the linings (buttons and accessories) have
shown that composite solvents 1 to 6 yield identical and even
better results than perchloroethylene with a preference for
composite solvents 1, 2, 5 and 6 which respect these elements
more.
3) Behavior on Stains:
[0141] The fabrics studied contained dirt caused by the following
contaminants: olive oil, chocolate (Nutella.RTM.), mayonnaise,
lipstick, red wine, ink and were compared with perchloroethylene
and hydrocarbons. These tests were carried out without the use of a
intensifier (surfactant).
[0142] The results of these tests have shown that: [0143] the
composite solvents of examples 1 to 6 made it possible to very
easily clean the fatty stains without using additives. [0144] the
composite solvents of examples 1, 2, 4 and 6 are in particular
highly effective for the dry cleaning of stains due to butter or
olive oil, said stains are no longer visible after the cleaning
process. [0145] the composite solvents of examples 1 and 2 have
shown to be in particular very effective for dry cleaning, in
particular on stains caused by chocolate, lipstick and wine, said
stains became less visible after the cleaning process contrary to
perchloroethylene which leaves larger stains.
[0146] The arrangement of the various elements and/or means and/or
steps of the invention, in the embodiments described hereinabove,
must not be understood as requiring such an arrangement in all of
the implementations. In any case, it will be understood that
various modifications can be made to these elements and/or means
and/or steps, without leaving the frame of mind and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *